I 

113TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION H. R. 4714 

To amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to establish requirements 

for preferred banking arrangements, and for other purposes. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

MAY 22, 2014 

Mr. GEORGE MILLER of California (for himself, Ms. WATERS, Mr. WELCH, 

Ms. SLAUGHTER, Mr. SCOTT of Virginia, Mr. CUMMINGS, Mr. WAXMAN, 

Mr. CONYERS, Mr. TIERNEY, Mrs. DAVIS of California, Mr. GRIJALVA, 

Mr. BISHOP of New York, Mr. SABLAN, Ms. WILSON of Florida, Ms. 

BONAMICI, Mr. POCAN, Mr. TAKANO, Mr. ELLISON, Mr. CARTWRIGHT, 

Ms. CLARKE of New York, Mr. JEFFRIES, Mr. MCDERMOTT, Mr. NADLER, Ms. PINGREE of Maine, Mr. HUFFMAN, Mr. THOMPSON of California, Ms. LEE of California, Ms. LOFGREN, Ms. CHU, Mrs. NAPOLITANO, Mr. LOWENTHAL, Ms. BROWNLEY of California, Mr. SCHIFF, Ms. 

BASS, Mr. ENYART, Ms. NORTON, Ms. SHEA-PORTER, Mr. RANGEL, Mrs. 

MCCARTHY of New York, Mr. BUTTERFIELD, Ms. ESHOO, Mr. MEEKS, 

Mr. SARBANES, Mr. HINOJOSA, Mr. FARR, Ms. MATSUI, Mr. DANNY K. 

DAVIS of Illinois, Ms. SCHAKOWSKY, Mr. CARSON of Indiana, Ms. 

SPEIER, Ms. BROWN of Florida, Mr. VAN HOLLEN, Mr. HONDA, Mr. 

CLAY, Mr. DEFAZIO, Ms. FRANKEL of Florida, Ms. FUDGE, Mr. GENE

GREEN of Texas, Mr. YARMUTH, Mr. BRALEY of Iowa, Mr. RUSH, and 

Mr. GARAMENDI) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 

Committee on Financial Services, and in addition to the Committee on 

Education and the Workforce, for a period to be subsequently determined 

by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall 

within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 

A BILL 

To amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to establish 

requirements for preferred banking arrangements, and 

for other purposes. 


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1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Curbing Abusive Mar5 keting Practices with University Student Debit Cards 

6 Act’’ or the ‘‘CAMPUS Debit Cards Act’’. 

7 SEC. 2. PREFERRED BANKING ARRANGEMENTS. 

8 Section 487 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 

9 U.S.C. 1094) is amended— 

10 (1) in subsection (a), by adding at the end the 

11 following new paragraph: 

12 ‘‘(30) In the case of an institution that has en13 tered into a preferred banking arrangement, the in14 stitution will meet the requirements of subsection 

15 (k).’’; 

16 (2) in subsection (i), by adding at the end the 

17 following new paragraph: 

18 ‘‘(7) PREFERRED BANKING ARRANGEMENT.— 

19 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘preferred 

20 banking arrangement’ means an arrangement 

21 or agreement between a financial institution 

22 and an institution of higher education under 

23 which the institution of higher education di24 rectly or indirectly recommends, promotes, or 

25 endorses to its students, or requires the delivery 


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1 of funds awarded under this Act to its students 

2 through, the deposit accounts or the general-use 

3 prepaid cards of the financial institution or the 

4 financial institution in general. 

5 ‘‘(B) FINANCIAL TERMS.—For purposes of 

6 this paragraph— 

7 ‘‘(i) the terms ‘bank’ and ‘savings as8 sociation’ have the definition given those 

9 terms, respectively, under section 3 of the 

10 Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 

11 1813); 

12 ‘‘(ii) the term ‘credit union’ means a 

13 Federal credit union and a State credit 

14 union as those terms are defined, respec15 tively, under section 101 of the Federal 

16 Credit Union Act (12 U.S.C. 1752); 

17 ‘‘(iii) the term ‘financial institution’ 

18 means a bank, savings association, credit 

19 union, or a person who has entered into an 

20 agreement with a bank, savings associa21 tion, or credit union; and 

22 ‘‘(iv) the term ‘general-use prepaid 

23 card’— 


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1 ‘‘(I) means a card or other pay2 ment code or device issued by any 

3 person that is— 

4 ‘‘(aa) redeemable at multiple 

5 merchants or service providers, 

6 or automated teller machines; 

7 ‘‘(bb) purchased or loaded 

8 on a prepaid basis; and 

9 ‘‘(cc) honored, upon presen10 tation, by merchants for goods or 

11 services, or at automated teller 

12 machines; and 

13 ‘‘(II) does not include an elec14 tronic promise, plastic card, or pay15 ment code or device that is— 

16 ‘‘(aa) used solely for tele17 phone services; 

18 ‘‘(bb) a loyalty, award, or 

19 promotional gift card, as defined 

20 by the Secretary; 

21 ‘‘(cc) issued in paper form 

22 only (including for tickets and 

23 events); or 

24 ‘‘(dd) redeemable solely for 

25 admission to events or venues at 


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1 a particular location or group of 

2 affiliated locations, which may 

3 also include services or goods ob4 tainable at the event or venue 

5 after admission or in conjunction 

6 with admission to such events or 

7 venues, at specific locations affili8 ated with and in geographic prox9 imity to the event or venue.’’; 

10 and 

11 (3) by adding at the end the following new sub12 section: 

13 ‘‘(k) REQUIREMENTS FOR PREFERRED BANKING AR14 RANGEMENT.— 

15 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—An institution of higher 

16 education that enters into a preferred banking ar17 rangement with a financial institution shall— 

18 ‘‘(A) develop a code of conduct with re19 spect to the preferred banking arrangement 

20 with which the officers, employees, and agents 

21 of the institution of higher education shall com22 ply, that— 

23 ‘‘(i) prohibits a conflict of interest 

24 with the responsibilities of an officer, em25 ployee, or agent of the institution of higher 


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1 education with respect to such arrange2 ment; 

3 ‘‘(ii) requires each such officer, em4 ployee, and agent to act in the best inter5 ests of the students enrolled at the institu6 tion of higher education in carrying out 

7 such arrangement; and 

8 ‘‘(iii) at a minimum, includes the pro9 visions described in paragraph (2); 

10 ‘‘(B) publish such code of conduct promi11 nently on the website of the institution of high12 er education; 

13 ‘‘(C) administer such code by, at a min14 imum, requiring that all of the officers, employ15 ees, and agents of the institution of higher edu16 cation with responsibilities with respect to the 

17 preferred banking arrangement be annually in18 formed of the provisions of the code of conduct; 

19 and 

20 ‘‘(D) provide effective enforcement of such 

21 code. 

22 ‘‘(2) CODE OF CONDUCT REQUIREMENTS.—The 

23 code of conduct requirements described in this para24 graph are as follows: 


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1 ‘‘(A) BAN ON REVENUE-SHARING AR2 RANGEMENTS.— 

3 ‘‘(i) PROHIBITION.—The institution of 

4 higher education shall not enter into any 

5 revenue-sharing arrangement with any fi6 nancial institution. 

7 ‘‘(ii) DEFINITION.—For purposes of 

8 this subparagraph, the term ‘revenue-shar9 ing arrangement’— 

10 ‘‘(I) means an arrangement be11 tween an institution of higher edu12 cation and a financial institution 

13 under which— 

14 ‘‘(aa) a financial institution 

15 provides deposit accounts or gen16 eral-use prepaid cards to stu17 dents attending the institution of 

18 higher education or to the fami19 lies of such students; and 

20 ‘‘(bb) the institution of high21 er education recommends, pro22 motes, utilizes, sponsors, or oth23 erwise endorses the financial in24 stitution or the deposit accounts 

25 or general-use prepaid cards of 


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1 the financial institution and in 

2 exchange, the financial institu3 tion pays a fee or provides other 

4 material benefits, including rev5 enue or profit sharing, to the in6 stitution of higher education, or 

7 an officer, employee, or agent of 

8 the institution of higher edu9 cation; and 

10 ‘‘(II) does not include an ar11 rangement under which a financial in12 stitution pays a fair market price to 

13 an institution of higher education for 

14 the advertising or marketing of the fi15 nancial institution to the general pub16 lic by the institution of higher edu17 cation. 

18 ‘‘(B) GIFT BAN.— 

19 ‘‘(i) PROHIBITION.—No officer, em20 ployee, or agent of an institution of higher 

21 education who has responsibilities with re22 spect to a preferred banking arrangement 

23 or has other responsibilities with respect to 

24 a financial institution shall solicit or accept 

25 any gift from the financial institution. 


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1 ‘‘(ii) DEFINITION.—In this subpara2 graph, the term ‘gift’ means any gratuity, 

3 favor, discount, entertainment, hospitality, 

4 loan, or other item having a monetary 

5 value of more than a de minimus amount. 

6 The term includes a gift of services, trans7 portation, lodging, or meals, whether pro8 vided in kind, by purchase of a ticket, pay9 ment in advance, or reimbursement after 

10 the expense has been incurred. 

11 ‘‘(iii) EXCEPTIONS.—The term ‘gift’ 

12 shall not include any of the following: 

13 ‘‘(I) Standard material, activities, 

14 or programs on issues related to a 

15 loan, default aversion, default preven16 tion, or financial literacy, such as a 

17 brochure, a workshop, or training, but 

18 only if such materials, activities, or 

19 programs do not promote a product or 

20 service of a financial institution. 

21 ‘‘(II) Favorable terms, condi22 tions, and benefits on the financial 

23 products of the financial institution 

24 made available to all employees of the 

25 institution of higher education if such 


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1 terms, conditions, or benefits are com2 parable to those provided to all stu3 dents of the institution of higher edu4 cation. 

5 ‘‘(III) Entrance and exit coun6 seling services provided to borrowers 

7 to meet the responsibilities of the in8 stitution of higher education for en9 trance and exit counseling as required 

10 by subsections (b) and (l) of section 

11 485, as long as— 

12 ‘‘(aa) the staff of the insti13 tution of higher education are in 

14 control of the counseling (wheth15 er in person or via electronic ca16 pabilities); and 

17 ‘‘(bb) such counseling does 

18 not promote the products or serv19 ices of any specific lender. 

20 ‘‘(IV) Philanthropic contributions 

21 to an institution of higher education 

22 from a financial institution that are 

23 unrelated to the deposit accounts or 

24 the general-use prepaid cards of the 

25 financial institution or the financial 


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1 institution in general or any contribu2 tion from the financial institution that 

3 is not made in exchange for any ad4 vantage related to the financial insti5 tution. 

6 ‘‘(V) State education grants, 

7 scholarships, or financial aid funds 

8 administered by or on behalf of a 

9 State. 

10 ‘‘(iv) RULE FOR GIFTS TO FAMILY

11 MEMBERS.—For purposes of this subpara12 graph, a gift to a family member of an of13 ficer, employee, or agent of an institution 

14 of higher education, or to any other indi15 vidual based on that individual’s relation16 ship with the officer, employee, or agent, 

17 shall be considered a gift to the officer, 

18 employee, or agent if— 

19 ‘‘(I) the gift is given with the 

20 knowledge and acquiescence of the of21 ficer, employee, or agent; and 

22 ‘‘(II) the officer, employee, or 

23 agent has reason to believe the gift 

24 was given because of the official posi25 tion of the officer, employee, or agent. 


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1 ‘‘(C) BAN ON STAFFING ASSISTANCE.— 

2 ‘‘(i) PROHIBITION.—The institution of 

3 higher education shall not request or ac4 cept from any financial institution any as5 sistance with any office or department of 

6 the institution of higher education. 

7 ‘‘(ii) CERTAIN ASSISTANCE PER8 MITTED.—Nothing in this paragraph shall 

9 be construed to prohibit the institution of 

10 higher education from requesting or ac11 cepting assistance from a financial institu12 tion related to— 

13 ‘‘(I) professional development 

14 training for financial aid administra15 tors; 

16 ‘‘(II) providing educational coun17 seling materials, financial literacy ma18 terials, or debt management materials 

19 to borrowers, provided that such ma20 terials disclose to borrowers the iden21 tification of any financial institution 

22 that assisted in preparing or providing 

23 such materials; or 

24 ‘‘(III) staffing services on a 

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1 sist the institution of higher education 

2 with financial aid-related functions 

3 during emergencies, including State4 declared or federally declared natural 

5 disasters, federally declared national 

6 disasters, and other localized disasters 

7 and emergencies identified by the Sec8 retary. 

9 ‘‘(D) CONTRACTING ARRANGEMENTS PRO10 HIBITED.— 

11 ‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—Except as pro12 vided in clause (ii), an officer, employee, or 

13 agent of an institution of higher education 

14 who has responsibilities with respect to a 

15 preferred banking arrangement or has 

16 other responsibilities with respect to a fi17 nancial institution shall not accept from 

18 any financial institution any fee, payment, 

19 or other financial benefit (including the op20 portunity to purchase stock) as compensa21 tion for any type of consulting arrange22 ment or other contract to provide services 

23 to or on behalf of the financial institution. 

24 ‘‘(ii) EXCEPTION.—Clause (i) shall 

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1 cation from permitting an officer, em2 ployee, agent, or contractor of a financial 

3 institution to serve on a board of directors, 

4 or as a trustee, of the institution of higher 

5 education, if the institution of higher edu6 cation has a written conflict of interest pol7 icy that requires such a board member or 

8 trustee to recuse themselves from any deci9 sion regarding deposit or prepaid accounts 

10 or a preferred banking arrangement at the 

11 institution of higher education. 

12 ‘‘(E) INTERACTION WITH STUDENTS.—The 

13 institution of higher education shall not deny or 

14 cause unnecessary delay in the disbursement of 

15 a loan or grant under this title based on a stu16 dent’s selection of a particular financial institu17 tion. 

18 ‘‘(F) ADVISORY BOARD COMPENSATION.— 

19 An employee, officer, or agent of an institution 

20 of higher education who has responsibilities 

21 with respect to a preferred banking arrange22 ment or has other responsibilities with respect 

23 to a financial institution, and who serves on an 

24 advisory board, commission, or group estab25 lished by a financial institution, shall be prohibVerDate Mar 15 2010 01:04 May 29, 2014 Jkt 039200 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H4714.IH H4714

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1 ited from receiving anything of value from the 

2 financial institution, except that the employee 

3 may be reimbursed for reasonable expenses in4 curred in serving on such advisory board, com5 mission, or group.’’. 

6 SEC. 3. DISBURSEMENT OF CREDIT BALANCE. 

7 Part G of title IV of the Higher Education Act of 

8 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1088 et seq.) is amended by adding at 

9 the end the following: 

10 ‘‘SEC. 493E. DISBURSEMENT OF CREDIT BALANCE. 

11 ‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF SYSTEM FOR DISBURSE12 MENT.—Not later than 3 years after the date of enact13 ment of the CAMPUS Debit Cards Act, each institution 

14 of higher education that enrolls a student who receives a 

15 grant or loan under this title shall establish a system for 

16 the disbursement of credit balances in accordance with 

17 subsection (b). 

18 ‘‘(b) ELECTRONIC PAYMENT SYSTEM.—Each institu19 tion of higher education described in subsection (a) shall 

20 establish a system for disbursement of credit balances 

21 through electronic payments to a deposit account or a gen22 eral-use prepaid card (defined in section 487(i)(7)) with 

23 the protections afforded under the Electronic Fund Trans24 fer Act (15 U.S.C. 1693 et seq.). 


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1 ‘‘(c) DISTRIBUTION OPTIONS.—The Secretary of 

2 Education, in consultation with the Secretary of the 

3 Treasury and the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protec4 tion, shall conduct a pilot program on providing students 

5 with the option of receiving credit balances by using the 

6 Treasury Direct Express system established under section 

7 3336 of title 31, United States Code, or through any other 

8 low-cost alternative as determined by the Secretary. 

9 ‘‘(d) CREDIT BALANCE.—In this section, the term 

10 ‘credit balance’ means the amount of program funds under 

11 this title credited to a student’s ledger account at an insti12 tution of higher education that exceed the amount as13 sessed the student by the institution for allowable institu14 tional charges, as defined by the Secretary.’’. 

15 SEC. 4. PREVENTING UNFAIR AND DECEPTIVE MARKETING 

16 OF FINANCIAL PRODUCTS TO STUDENTS OF 

17 INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION. 

18 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Consumer Financial Protec19 tion Act of 2010 is amended by inserting after section 

20 1031 the following: 

21 ‘‘SEC. 1031A. PREVENTING UNFAIR AND DECEPTIVE MAR22 KETING OF FINANCIAL PRODUCTS TO STU23 DENTS OF INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDU24 CATION. 

25 ‘‘(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 


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1 ‘‘(1) FINANCIAL INSTITUTION.—The term ‘fi2 nancial institution’ means any institution that offers, 

3 provides, or issues financial products, including 

4 banks, savings associations, and credit unions. 

5 ‘‘(2) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.— 

6 The term ‘institution of higher education’ has the 

7 meaning given that term in section 102 of the High8 er Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1002). 

9 ‘‘(b) DISCLOSURE REQUIRED.— 

10 ‘‘(1) DISCLOSURE BY INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER

11 EDUCATION.—An institution of higher education, or 

12 an alumni organization or foundation affiliated with 

13 or related to an institution of higher education, shall 

14 publicly disclose (including on the website of such in15 stitution, organization, or foundation) any contract 

16 or other agreement made with a financial institution 

17 for the purpose of marketing a financial product— 

18 ‘‘(A) in the case of a contract or agree19 ment entered into before the date of enactment 

20 of this section, by not later than 90 days after 

21 such date of enactment; and 

22 ‘‘(B) in the case of a contract or agree23 ment entered into on or after such date of en24 actment, by not later than 90 days after the inVerDate Mar 15 2010 01:04 May 29, 2014 Jkt 039200 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H4714.IH H4714

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1 stitution, organization, or foundation enters 

2 into the contract or agreement. 

3 ‘‘(2) REPORTS BY FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS.— 

4 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Each financial institu5 tion shall submit an annual report to the Bu6 reau containing the terms and conditions of all 

7 contracts or other agreements made with an in8 stitution of higher education, or an alumni or9 ganization or foundation affiliated with or re10 lated to an institution of higher education, re11 lating to any financial product offered to stu12 dents at such institution of higher education. 

13 ‘‘(B) DETAILS OF REPORT.—The report 

14 under subparagraph (A) shall include— 

15 ‘‘(i) any memorandum of under16 standing between or among the financial 

17 institution and an institution of higher 

18 education, alumni organization, or founda19 tion that directly or indirectly relates to 

20 any aspect of any agreement referred to in 

21 subparagraph (A) or controls or directs 

22 any obligations or distribution of benefits 

23 between or among any such entities; 

24 ‘‘(ii) the amount of any payments 

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1 tution of higher education, alumni organi2 zation, or foundation during the period 

3 covered by the report, and the precise 

4 terms of any agreement under which such 

5 amounts are determined; and 

6 ‘‘(iii) the number of financial products 

7 covered by any such agreement that were 

8 originated during the period covered by the 

9 report, and the total number of financial 

10 products covered by the agreement that 

11 were outstanding at the end of such pe12 riod. 

13 ‘‘(C) AGGREGATION OF INFORMATION.— 

14 The information required to be reported under 

15 subparagraph (A) shall be aggregated with re16 spect to each institution of higher education or 

17 alumni organization or foundation affiliated 

18 with or related to such institution of higher 

19 education. 

20 ‘‘(D) INITIAL REPORT.—The initial report 

21 required under subparagraph (A) shall be sub22 mitted to the Bureau not later than 1 year 

23 after the date of enactment of this section. 

24 ‘‘(3) REPORTS BY BUREAU.—The Bureau shall 

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1 lic, an annual report that lists the information con2 cerning the agreements submitted to the Bureau 

3 under paragraph (2) by each financial institution, 

4 institution of higher education, alumni organization, 

5 or foundation. 

6 ‘‘(4) RECORD REPOSITORY.—The Bureau shall 

7 establish and maintain on its publicly available 

8 website a central repository of all contracts and 

9 other agreements contained in reports received from 

10 financial institutions pursuant to this paragraph, 

11 and such contracts and agreements shall be in a 

12 form that is easily accessible and retrievable by the 

13 public. 

14 ‘‘(c) INDUCEMENTS PROHIBITED.—No financial in15 stitution may offer to a student at an institution of higher 

16 education any tangible or intangible item to induce the 

17 student to apply, purchase, or obtain a financial product 

18 offered by the financial institution, if the offer is made– 

19 ‘‘(1) on the campus of an institution of higher 

20 education; 

21 ‘‘(2) near the campus of an institution of higher 

22 education, as determined by rule of the Bureau; or 

23 ‘‘(3) at an event sponsored by or related to an 

24 institution of higher education.’’. 


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1 (b) RULEMAKING REQUIRED.—Not later than the 

2 end of the 2-year period beginning on the date of the en3 actment of this Act, the Bureau of Consumer Financial 

4 Protection shall issue regulations identifying as unlawful 

5 unfair, deceptive, or abusive acts or practices in connec6 tion with any transaction with a consumer for a consumer 

7 financial product or service, or the offering of a consumer 

8 financial product or service, as described under section 

9 1031 of the Consumer Financial Protection Act of 2010 

10 (12 U.S.C. 5531). 

11 (c) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENT.— 

12 The table of contents of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Re13 form and Consumer Protection Act is amended by adding 

14 after the item relating to section 1031 the following: 

‘‘1031A. Preventing unfair and deceptive marketing of financial products to students of institutions of higher education.’’. 

15 SEC. 5. STUDY OF FINANCIAL PRODUCT MARKETING. 

16 (a) STUDY.—The Bureau of Consumer Financial 

17 Protection shall carry out a study on the marketing of fi18 nancial products to students enrolled in institutions of 

19 higher education. Such study shall include an analysis 

20 of— 

21 (1) the extent to which financial institutions use 

22 an institution of higher education’s name, emblem, 

23 mascot, logo, or other words, pictures, or symbols 

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1 cation in the marketing of financial products, includ2 ing deposit accounts, general purpose reloadable pre3 paid cards, and payment services; 

4 (2) the extent to which institutions of higher 

5 education provide access to campus facilities and 

6 sponsored functions to financial institutions, includ7 ing orientation activities for new and prospective 

8 students; and 

9 (3) the extent to which agreements between fi10 nancial institutions and institutions of higher edu11 cation are accessible for inspection by students and 

12 their families. 

13 (b) REPORT.—Not later than the end of the 1-year 

14 period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act, 

15 the Bureau shall issue a report to the Committees on Edu16 cation and the Workforce and Financial Services of the 

17 House of Representatives and the Committees on Health, 

18 Education, Labor, and Pensions and Banking, Housing, 

19 and Urban Affairs of the Senate containing— 

20 (1) all findings and determinations made in car21 rying out the study required under subsection (a); 

22 and 

23 (2) any legislative recommendations the Bureau 

24 may have. 


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1 (c) RULEMAKING.—If, after conducting the study re2 quired under subsection (a), the Bureau determines that 

3 financial products are not marketed to students enrolled 

4 in institutions of higher education in a fair manner, the 

5 Bureau shall issue regulations to ensure such products are 

6 marketed in a fair manner. 

7 SEC. 6. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 

8 It is the sense of the Congress that financial products 

9 marketed to students enrolled in institutions of higher 

10 education should be presented in a fair and neutral man11 ner. 

12 SEC. 7. DEFINITIONS. 

13 For purposes of this Act, the terms ‘‘financial institu14 tion’’ and ‘‘institution of higher education’’ have the 

15 meanings given the terms in section 1031A of the Con16 sumer Financial Protection Act of 2010, as added by sec17 tion 3 of this Act. 

Æ 


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