T hi s di s pos i t i on i s notappr opr i a t e f orpubl i c a t i on and i s notpr e c e de nt * e xc e pta s pr ovi de d by9th C i r . R . 36- 3. NOT F OR P UB L I CAT I ON UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS FOR T HE NI NTH CI RC UI T UN I T E D S T AT E S OF AME R I C A, P l ai nt i ff

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H o n o lu lu , H a w a ii B efo re: B . F L E T C H E R , P R E G E R S O N , an dC L IF T O N , C i rcu i tJu d g es. D av i d E . K u b a ap p eal s th e d i stri ctco u rt ’ s d en i al o f h i s m o t i o n t o su p p ress evi dence obt ai ned from the se ar ch of hi s hom e and com pu t er . A s the part i es ar e f a m i l i a rw i th the f

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# FI LED JU L 08 2010 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U . S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS2

W e r e vi e w de novo adi s tr i c tc ourt ' s de ni a l of am ot i on t o s uppr e s s a nd the val i di ty of ase ar ch w arrant . U ni t ed S t at es v. C re w s, 50 2 F . 3d 11 30 , 11 35 (9th C i r. 20 07 ). T he tri al court ' s f ac tual fi nd i ng s are re vi ew ed for c l ear e rr or. U ni t ed S t at es v. B ynum , 36 2 F . 3d 57 4, 57 8 (9th C i r. 20 04 ). D et erm i nat i on s of probabl e c ause ar e re vi ew ed de no vo . O rnel as v. U ni t ed S t at es , 51 7 U . S . 69 0, 69 9 (19 96 ). T h e r e w a s s u f

f ic ie n t e v id e n c e in th e w a rr a n t a f f id a v it to s u p p o rt p r o b ab le c au s e . P r o b ab le c au s e m e a n s a“f a irp r o b ab ilityth a t c o n tr ab a n do re v id e n c e is l oc a t e d i n apa rt i c ul a rpl a c e . W he the rthe r e i s af a i rpr obabi l i tyde pe nds upon the t o t al i ty o f th e ci rcu m st an ces, i n cl u d i n g reaso n ab l e i n feren ces, an di s a c om m ons e ns e , pr a c t i c a l que s t i on. N e i the rc e rt a i ntynorapr e ponde r a nc e of the e vi de nc e i s r e qui r e d. ” U ni t e d S t a t e s v. K e l l e y , 482 F . 3d 1047, 1050 ( 9th C i r . 2007) (i nt ernal ci t at i on s and qu ot at i on s om i tt ed). “ A l tho ug h i n a part i cul arca se i tm ay n o t b e e a s yto d e te rm in e w h e n a n a f f id a v it d e m o n s tr a te s th e e x is te n c e o f p r o b ab le c aus e , r e s ol ut i on of

doubt f ul orm a r gi na l c a s e s i n thi s a r e as houl d l a r ge l ybe de t e rm i ne d bythe pr e f

e r e nc e t o be a c c or de d t o w a rr a nt s . ” I l l i noi s v. G a t e s , 462 U . S . 213, 237 ( 1983) . T he m agi stra t e j ud ge w as pres ent ed w i th an aff i davi tcont ai ni ng fa ct s that ci rc um st ant i al l y i nd i ca t ed a f ai r probabi l i ty thatK ub a had pu rc hase d a 20 -day subscr i pt i on t o a ce rt ai n w ebsi t e and w ou l d l i kel y have a cc es se d and re t ai ned3

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the i m a ge s ha d be e n de l e t e d. T h e c ir c u m s ta n tia l e v id e n c e c o n ta in e din th e a f f id a v it m e t th e s ta n d a r do f p r o b ab le c au s e e s tab lis h e d in K e lle y . S e e U n ite dS ta te s v . G o u r d e , 4 4 0 F .3 d1 0 6 5 , 1 0 7 4 ( 9 th C ir . 2 0 0 6 ) ( e n b a n c ) ( h o ld in g th a t e v id e n c e o f as u b s c r ip tio n to ac e rta in w e b s ite w a s s uf f i c i e ntt o e s t abl i s h pr obabl e c aus e t o s e a r c h the s ubs c r i be r ’ s c om put e rf or i l l egal fi l es do w nl oaded from thatw ebsi t e) . P r obabl e c aus e w a s nots t a l e be c aus e of the pa s s a ge of

ne a r l ytw e l ve m onths fr om the dat e of the defendant ' s s uspect ed subscr i pt i on t o the i ss uance of the se ar ch w a rr a nt . S t a l e ne s s i s af l e xi bl e c onc e pttha tde pe nds l a r ge l yupon the na tur e of the c r im e a n d th e ite m s to b e s e iz e d . U n ite dS ta te s v . G r e a n y , 9 2 9 F .2 d5 2 3 , 5 2 5 ( 9 th C ir . 1 9 9 1 ) . “T h e m e r e lap s e o f s u b s ta n tia l a m o u n ts o f

tim e is n o t c o n tr o llin g .” U n ite d S ta te s v . L a c y , 1 1 9 F .3 d 7 4 2 , 7 4 5 ( 9 th C ir . 1 9 9 7 ) . T h e r e w a s af a ir prob abi l i ty thatthe i m ages had n otbeen del et ed i n the m eant i m e, and, even i f they had, thatevi dence of the i m ages coul d st i l l be ob t ai ned from the com pu t er . AF F I RME D.