Smithsonian Institution 2008 AnnuAl RePoRT CHARTinG CouRSe »
From the Secretary

It is my great pleasure to introduce the Smithsonian’s achievements in 2008, the year that 

I became the 12th Secretary of the Smithsonian. I am privileged to arrive at the Institution 

at a moment of signifi cant opportunity, one in which we have begun to chart our course for 

the future with an ambitious strategic planning process that will outline the broad themes 

that are to guide our progress. We face a new era in which rapidly emerging technologies 

will enable us to leverage our considerable resources and talents more effectively than ever 

before. In so doing, we will reinforce the Smithsonian’s position as a world leader in 

research and discovery.

 As we shape the Institution for the 21st century, we will build upon the Smithsonian’s 

historic strengths: our incomparable collections in art, history, and nearly every branch of 

science; the rigorous research that fl ows from our collections; and the passion and expertise 

of a dedicated staff. These qualities, coupled with the Smithsonian’s collaborative spirit, 

will enable us to recruit distinguished partners and mount joint efforts to address the most 

complex issues of our day.

 This year’s annual report refl ects our abundant assets. Inside are stories of The Sant 

Ocean Hall and Mars exploration that illustrate the vast arc of the Smithsonian’s scientifi c 

research. A retrospective look at baseball’s Negro Leagues highlights the Institution’s commitment to presenting the American experience from diverse perspectives, while cutting-edge 

art installations give us cultural impact and position us as an innovator in exhibitions. Our 

accelerating efforts to digitize our collections enhance scholarship and dramatically extend 

the Institution’s presence by making our holdings accessible from anywhere on the globe. 

 We are fortunate to live in such opportune times. My work as Secretary is to help 

position the vast resources of this great Institution to meet the challenges and take full 

advantage of the opportunities we face as a nation and as inhabitants of Earth. As the coming 

year unfolds, we will share with you more details on our direction and priorities, but one 

thing is clear from the outset: without your support, we could not attempt the fi rst steps of 

this ambitious journey. I am grateful for your dedication to the Smithsonian, and I look 

forward to working with you as we chart the Smithsonian’s course. 

G. Wayne Clough

« eXAMininG THe PReSenT « inTeRPReTinG THe PAST » SHAPinG THe FuTuRe »
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As the world’s largest museum and research complex, the Smithsonian Institution embraces the 

trust and responsibility that comes with its stature. Endowed by James Smithson and created by an 

act of Congress in 1846, the Smithsonian is dedicated to the increase and diffusion of knowledge. 

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164

CHARTING COURSE»

22 The Year at a Glance: 

 2008 Highlights

27 Charting a Bold Future: 

 The Smithsonian in the 

21st Century

31 Board of Regents Report

32 Financial and Gift Reports

35 Donors to the Smithsonian

Examining

the Present

Interpreting

the Past

Shaping

the Future
5

Examining the Present

From biologists who explore the ocean to curators 

who engage us with the beauty and relevance of 

contemporary art and educators who quench our 

thirst for knowledge — the staff of the Smithsonian 

enriches and broadens our world every day. 

4

Marine botanist James Norris on 

a snorkel dive off South Water 

Cay, Belize.
6

Our Lives Depend On the Ocean 

The Sant Ocean Hall

The Sant Ocean Hall, the National 

Museum of Natural History’s newest 

permanent exhibition, opened to 

enthusiastic crowds on September 27. 

Explaining humankind’s current 

understanding of the ocean and its 

connections to all humanity, the 

23,000-square-foot hall represents 

the museum’s largest renovation since 

it opened in 1910. 

The ocean covers nearly three-quarters of our planet’s surface, 

yet less than five percent of the ocean has been explored. It 

contains the majority of the world’s protein resources, but 

overfishing has put 75 percent of edible marine species at risk. 

Ancient, vast, and constantly changing, for humankind the 

ocean is an irreplaceable resource, but it also is a fragile and 

little understood ecosystem that is increasingly at risk.

Created in partnership with the National Oceanic and 

Atmospheric Administration and five years in the making, The 

Sant Ocean Hall, named for the family of Smithsonian benefactors Victoria and Roger Sant, uses the latest in multimedia 

technology to vividly explain the ocean’s importance to life on 

Earth. More than 700 marine specimens are on display in this 

captivating exhibition, including two rare giant squid and an 

adult and juvenile coelacanth, an extremely rare prehistoric fish 

thought to be extinct until one was caught off the coast of 

South Africa in 1938.

“The Smithsonian has created an exhibition like no other,” says 

Cristián Samper, director of the National Museum of Natural 

History. “We hold the world’s largest and most diverse marine 

collections, some 80 million specimens, and our impressive 

network of internal partners includes the Smithsonian Tropical 

Research Institute in Panama, the Smithsonian Environmental 

Research Center on the Chesapeake Bay, and the Smithsonian 

Marine Station in Fort Pierce, Florida. Working together, we are 

expanding what we know about this extraordinary ocean planet.” 

“ At least half of all the oxygen available to breathe on this planet comes 

from the ocean. All life came from the ocean. We hope our visitors come to 

understand that Earth is an ocean planet full of amazing life forms that have 

adapted to every imaginable condition. It is up to each of us to protect this 

vital resource. Our lives really do depend on it.”

Carole Baldwin, Research Zoologist, National Museum of Natural History

To learn more about The Sant Ocean Hall visit the Web site: ocean.si.edu/ocean_hall 

Science on a 

Sphere displays 

changing ocean 

conditions.

Ocean Today kiosks give up-to-date 

information about the marine environment.

Phoenix, a life-sized replica of a living 

North Atlantic right whale, occupies a 

central spot in The Sant Ocean Hall.

Dozens of living Indo-Pacific coral reef creatures are 

housed inside a 1,500-gallon aquarium in the exhibition.
8

In today’s media-saturated world, where 

moving pictures emanate from cell phones 

and iPods, and even the exteriors of public 

buildings are used as billboards, sophisticated 

technology can blur the line between the real 

and the imagined. People once were able to 

rely on their senses to separate reality from 

illusion, but no longer.

At the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, a recent 

two-part exhibition, The Cinema Effect: Illusion, Reality, and the Moving 

Image, used moving image artworks to examine the evolving 

influence of cinema on our perception of reality. The range of 

the Hirshhorn’s look at film and video in contemporary art was 

unprecedented, offering visitors an engaging journey to the 

cutting edge of creativity, where modern artists are exploring the 

expressive realm of film, video, and digital animation.

In Dreams, the first installment of the exhibition, the museum 

chose artworks that use cinematic techniques to create the dreamlike state that film viewing prompts. Dreams transported viewers 

into a stage between wakefulness and sleep, moving them 

through a literal labyrinth of black box artworks that tapped the 

imagination’s deepest recesses. Realisms, the exhibition’s second 

installment, was an in-depth look at how the moving image can 

complicate rather than clarify our perception of the relationship 

between fact and fantasy.

“The exhibition’s success in drawing repeat visitors poses an 

interesting model for future exhibitions. Having two installments 

allows us to tell a story more fully and more fully engage our 

visitors in the art,” Curator Anne Ellegood says. “Visitors were 

inspired to come back. They needed to return at least once if they 

wanted to see both parts, plus each artwork took time to absorb.” 

The Cinema Effect was hugely popular with young audiences. 

At two sold-out “After Hours” events in April and June, the 

museum remained open until midnight while more than 

5,000 attendees mingled amid the art, blending fun with education and making the Hirshhorn a very cool place to be. 

Life Imitates Art 

The Cinema Effect: Illusion, Reality, and the Moving Image 

“ At the Hirshhorn, we want to change the way people see, challenge them 

to think critically, and expand their views of the world. The Cinema Effect got 

them talking, and they came back again and again.”

Kerry Brougher, Chief Curator, Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden

To learn more about art and artists featured at the Hirshhorn, visit the museum’s Web site: hirshhorn.si.edu/art/

Kelly Richardson’s 

Exiles of the Shattered Star

Runa Islam’s Tuin

Douglas Gordon’s Off-Screen The Hirshhorn Museum

Christoph Girardet’s 

Release

These attendees at an “After Hours” 

event enjoy music and a light show.
10

Interpreting the Past

The key to moving forward with confidence and 

success lies in examining the past. The Smithsonian’s 

collections date from deep in the prehistoric past to 

today. Our objects bring history to life, and each 

wave of new technology helps our researchers glean 

more information from these artifacts, leading to a 

better understanding of the past, and thus the present 

and what may lie ahead.

11

Visitors at the National 

Museum of American History 

study one of the museum’s 

artifact walls.
13

Reenactors portraying figures from our 

nation’s historic past mingled with everyday 

Americans during the festive and patriotic 

ceremonies that marked the November 21 

reopening of the National Museum of 

American History, Kenneth E. Behring 

Center. President George W. Bush and the 

First Lady, former Secretary of State Colin 

Powell, and historian David McCullough 

were among the guests who gathered to 

rededicate the only museum that tells the 

whole story of our nation’s history. 

Two years of extensive renovation literally let in the light, transforming the museum’s center into a bright, welcoming space built 

around a central atrium that makes the artifacts and the history 

they represent more accessible. Renovation of the atrium also has 

created a safe and permanent home for one of America’s most 

revered icons, the Star-Spangled Banner.

The new Star-Spangled Banner Gallery exhibits the flag “by the 

dawn’s early light,” recreating the scene that inspired poet Francis 

Scott Key on the morning of September 14, 1814. An accompanying exhibition presents the flag and national anthem in their 

historical context. Visitors learn how the Star-Spangled Banner 

became our national symbol and what the Smithsonian has done 

and continues to do to preserve, protect, and present it. 

New and returning visitors alike will find the museum easier to 

navigate. Artifact display walls enable the museum staff to exhibit a 

wider range of our extraordinary collection, while landmark objects 

anchor each of six wings of the museum’s three exhibition floors.

Architectural enhancements and new amenities create a visitorfriendly experience. The welcome center orients visitors and 

informs them about museum events, while the lobby and 275-

seat auditorium serve as community spaces that provide new 

opportunities for programming. 

“We’ve opened up the area outside of the Star-Spangled Banner 

Gallery to serve as a public square, a place for programs, performances, and ceremonies, including the swearing-in of new U.S. 

citizens,” Museum Director Brent Glass says. “What setting could 

be more appropriate?” 

Shedding Light on American History 

National Museum of American History Reopens

“ All of the objects found within these walls are the real thing, no facsimiles, 

no reproductions or approximations. In their various ways, they are talismans, 

objects with magic power, and their power is in the multitude of stories they 

tell — our stories, and the ideas those stories embody. How can we love our 

country and take no interest in its story?”

Historian David McCullough, at the reopening dedication of the National Museum of American History

Learn more about the Star-Spangled Banner at the Web site: americanhistory.si.edu/ssb/ 

Watch a video of the Star-Spangled Banner Gallery dedication at: americanhistory.si.edu/webcast/dedication.html

Celebrants watch as the ribbon is cut 

at the reopening ceremony.

The 1831 John Bull

locomotive is one of six 

landmark objects 

anchoring each wing 

of the museum’s three 

exhibition floors.

Guests gather in front of the Star-Spangled 

Banner Gallery at the reopening gala.

Judy Garland’s 

ruby slippers now 

have a new home.

The Federal City Brass 

Band performs Civil 

War-era music on 

reopening day.
15

From its beginnings, baseball has captivated 

America. Played with equal enthusiasm 

in million-dollar stadiums and corner 

sandlots, the sport is the great common 

denominator. Rich or poor, all children 

dream big at bat.

In the exhibition Separate and Unequaled: Black Baseball in the District 

of Columbia, the Anacostia Community Museum focused 

on a long overlooked chapter of the game’s history, the Negro 

Baseball Leagues. It told the story of the Homestead Grays, 

a team that played many of its games in Washington, D.C., and 

won nine consecutive Negro National League pennants in the 

1930s and 1940s.

On view at the Historical Society of Washington, D.C., the 

exhibition used vintage black-and-white photos, old-time 

equipment, and other ephemera to recreate a time when fiercely 

talented black athletes and their fervent fans were held firmly 

on one side of the color line. Using baseball as a lens through 

which to view the past, the exhibition revealed what life was like 

for African Americans during the Jim Crow decades.

“As America changed, so did baseball, becoming segregated 

after Reconstruction and remaining so until Jackie Robinson 

broke baseball’s color line in 1947, a few years before Brown v. 

Board of Education erased the ‘separate but equal’ standard of 

law,” says Curator Anthony Gualtieri. “Baseball is democracy’s 

ultimate sport; it is embraced by people at every level of society 

and reflects solid values such as teamwork and sportsmanship.”

Separate and Unequaled made special note of the African American 

journalists who covered Negro Baseball League games in an 

era when the mainstream media ignored black baseball. Capturing 

every score and statistic, these sportswriters ensured that 

achievements of players such as Walter “Buck” Leonard and 

Josh Gibson — and the young Satchel Paige and Hank Aaron 

— found their rightful place in the pages of sports history.

America’s Perfect Mania 

Separate and Unequaled: Black Baseball in the District of Columbia

“ Baseball is America’s perfect mania that perfectly represents us as a people.”

Daily National Intelligencer newspaper, September 11, 1866

“ Baseball has always been a passion of District-dwelling African Americans. 

If there was a back alley or plot of land, something to use as a bat, something 

to use as a ball, and a second to spare, youngsters formed a pick-up game. 

The only rule was stay away from mama’s wash.”

Gail Lowe, Historian, Anacostia Community Museum

To view the exhibition brochure online, visit: anacostia.si.edu/docs/Resources/Exhibits/Baseball/Baseball_Brochure.pdf

The 1941 Homestead Grays, Negro Baseball Leagues Champions

Negro Baseball 

Pictorial Year Book 1944

Signed baseball 

bats from the Negro 

Baseball Leagues

Cool Papa Bell 

Matthew Carlisle of the 

Homestead Grays runs 

to third base.
17

Shaping the Future

Research fuels discovery, and discovery shapes the 

future. The Smithsonian’s ambitious program of 

research reaches across time and space to create new 

knowledge, provide real-world solutions, drive best 

practices, and, most critical of all, lead to new inquiry.

16

Tracks made by the Mars 

Exploration Rover Opportunity 

crisscross the surface of Mars.
18

Every day, scientists at the National Air 

and Space Museum’s Center for Earth 

and Planetary Studies get closer to turning 

science fiction into science. Exploring 

the solar system and Earth’s place in it, 

the center is part of an international 

collaboration using robotic rovers to 

roll across the surface of the red 

planet taking photographs, analyzing 

minerals, and gathering information in an 

attempt to answer such questions as, 

“How much water was once on Mars?” 

and “Was there ever life on Mars?” 

Center for Earth and Planetary Studies Geologist John Grant 

is closely examining data collected from Mars by NASA rovers 

and orbiters. Distinct traces of water on the Martian surface 

indicate that conditions may once have been favorable to 

support life, albeit relatively simple life. “We see evidence of 

water in the rock record,” Grant says, “which tells us the planet 

was once more temperate. Three to four billion years ago, parts 

of Mars might have resembled the sand dunes of an Arabian 

desert. When it did rain, the water pooled and then evaporated. 

Conditions even earlier on Mars were likely much wetter.”

Mars, which is smaller than Earth, has cooled and is no longer 

as geologically active. Much of the ancient record of Mars is 

preserved on the planet’s surface. Studying Mars also gives 

biologists and geologists a better understanding of the conditions under which life began on Earth. 

Grant, who serves as co-chair of NASA’s Mars Landing Site 

Steering Committee, which is currently pinpointing the landing 

site on Mars for a new rover scheduled for launch in 2011, 

is also examining data gathered by a high-power camera called 

HiRISE aboard NASA’s Mars 2005 Reconnaissance Orbiter. 

The HiRISE camera is capturing incredibly detailed surface 

images of Mars as it orbits the planet. 

Exploring space is a team effort. The Smithsonian’s great 

knowledge of Mars, gained through years of basic research, 

combined with its expertise in planetary geology, makes it an 

important collaborator in this massive undertaking.

Did Mars Once Support Life?

National Air and Space Museum Piecing Together Mars’ Ancient Geologic Record Ocean Today Kiosks are updated 

regularly to give up-to-the-minute 

news on ocean-related topics.

“ Because planet Earth is dynamic, life evolves. On Mars, the engine of life might 

have started, but it may not have run for very long. Our work on ancient 

Martian environments helps scientists understand the conditions under which 

life might have existed.”

John Grant

To learn more about the Smithsonian’s planetary studies visit the Web site: www.nasm.si.edu/research/ceps/

To view the Earth from space: www.nasm.si.edu/exhibitions/gal213/earthtoday/

A map of landing sites on Mars Center for Earth and Planetary Studies’ 

John Grant uses imagery from NASA rovers 

to study the surface of Mars.

Smithsonian scientists explore Mars with 

images such as this one taken by the orbiting 

HiRISE camera.

Circles ground into a 

Mars rock allow scientists 

to study its texture and 

composition.

Planetary Scientist Lynn Carter 

works with ground penetrating 

radar equipment in Hawaii, 

a possible analog for Mars.

The robotic rock 

abrasion tool 

exposes a rock’s 

interior for study.
20

Standing in the presence of a treasured 

object and sensing its historic significance 

can be a life-changing experience. The 

Smithsonian’s collections are used for 

research by scholars from all over the 

world, and visitors travel great distances 

to see their favorites among the 

Institution’s 137 million objects. Physical 

access to artifacts and specimens will 

always be critical to researchers, but the 

modern era demands solutions that 

connect people electronically. Digital 

photography and data management now 

allow the Smithsonian to make its treasures 

available to millions around the globe.

Today, more than 250 digital imaging projects are underway 

at the Smithsonian. The scope of this effort, the need for 

common standards, and the rapid emergence of new tools make 

planning critical. In response, the Smithsonian established a 

pan-Institutional committee in 2008 charged with drawing up 

a plan to create, preserve, and manage digital assets in an 

integrated manner. 

“It is a massive undertaking, and the actual act of digitization 

is the least complicated part,” says Katherine Spiess, Director of 

the Smithsonian’s Central Digitization Office. “More challenging 

is managing the digital content that documents and makes 

accessible everything from priceless paintings to presidential 

collections to microscopic organisms.”

The Institution’s Web sites attract nearly 173 million visitors 

each year, eight times the number of the Smithsonian’s in-person 

visitors. Digitization will offer them a multimedia experience: 

in the future, for example, not only will the Smithsonian be able 

to post images of Isaac Singer’s original sewing machine online, 

but digital video clips will show it at work. Ultimately, scholars 

will be able to use a single electronic portal to access Institutionwide information, helping them study important figures such as 

Thomas Edison, whose portrait, papers, and inventions reside in 

different Smithsonian collections.

Digitization will vastly increase the Smithsonian’s ability to carry 

out its mission: the increase and diffusion of knowledge. 

The Smithsonian Goes Digital

Creating Universal Online Access to the World’s Greatest Collections 

“ As holder of the national collections, the Smithsonian is at the intersection of 

many worlds — art, history, science, and culture — but we must also be at the 

forefront. Our collections are invaluable, and if we cannot bring everyone to 

Washington, we have an obligation to take our collections out to the world.”

Katherine Spiess

Explore digitized artifacts from the Archives of American Art at the Web site: aaa.si.edu/collectionsonline

Ingrid Pol-Yin Lin digitizes one of the more 

than 80,000 botany specimens placed online by 

National Museum of Natural History staff.

Tom Garnett, Biodiversity Heritage Library Program 

Director, holds a rare book on malacology (mollusks) from 

Smithsonian Institution Libraries.

Walter Larrimore photographs a ceramic 

bowl from the collections of the National 

Museum of the American Indian.
22 23

ART

Archives of American Art

Celebrating romantic and familial love, 

the book, With Love: Artist’s Letters and 

Illustrated Notes, used the Archives’ vast 

collections of letters, photographs, and 

ephemera to provide a unique glimpse 

into the private lives of great American 

painters, sculptors, and illustrators. (1)

cooper-hewitt, national design museum

Tom Kundig’s “Rolling Huts,” CooperHewitt National Design Awards 2008 

Architecture Design winner, seamlessly 

integrates architecture, landscape, and 

raw materials to evoke Thoreau’s simple 

cabin in the woods. (2)

Freer Gallery of Art and 

Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

The exotic and colorful exhibition, Garden 

and Cosmos: The Royal Paintings of Jodhpur at 

the Sackler Gallery featured 60 neverbefore-exhibited paintings from the royal 

court collection of Marwar-Jodhpur, in 

the modern state of Rajasthan. (3)

National Museum of African Art

Featuring colorful textiles and accessories 

primarily from west and southern Africa, 

the exhibition TxtStyles/Fashioning Identity

showed how African textiles convey messages of personal identity through dynamic, 

ever-changing forms and objects. (4)

National Portrait Gallery

RECOGNIZE! Hip Hop and Contemporary 

Portraiture was the Smithsonian’s first 

exhibition to examine the influence of hip 

hop music and culture on the art of 

portrayal. It featured the work of six artists 

and a poet. (5)

Smithsonian American Art Museum 

and the Renwick Gallery

For SAAM, a site-specific sculpture by 

artist Jenny Holzer consisting of light and 

text created from white electronic LEDs 

(light emitting diodes), was commissioned 

by the museum for its third floor Lincoln 

Gallery. The sculpture is the only work 

by this internationally renowned artist on 

public view in Washington, D.C. (6)

History and Culture

Center for Folklife and 

Cultural Heritage

Some 100 Bhutanese participated in the 

42nd Smithsonian Folklife Festival’s 

Bhutan: Land of the Thunder Dragon. Festival 

performances and demonstrations 

showcased the kingdom’s culture and 

community. (7)

National Museum of African American 

History and Culture

Started in 2008, Save Our African American 

Treasures: A National Collections Initiative 

of Discovery and Preservation is stimulating 

preservation activity nationwide by 

helping people identify cultural objects 

of historic significance to the African 

American community. (8)

National Museum of the American Indian

The museum’s Hawaiian Cultural Festival 

attracted more than 13,000 visitors who 

took part in hands-on activities and 

demonstrations that emphasized island 

traditions in music, dance, and featherworking. (9)

National Postal Museum

An annual celebration of mail by rail, 

Trains!, allowed visitors to explore 

working model train layouts and learn 

about the Railway Mail Service by 

participating in activities such as sorting 

mail. (10)

Smithsonian Affiliations

Annmarie Garden Sculpture Park and 

Arts Center in southern Maryland, a 

Smithsonian Affiliate, unveiled its first 

indoor gallery, which featured sculptures 

on loan from the Smithsonian, including 

Dragan, by Vasa Velizar Mihich. (11)

The Year at a Glance

2008 Highlights

Smithsonian Museums, 

Research Centers, and Programs 

Smithsonian Asian Pacific 

American Program

A screening and discussion of the 

documentary film, Passing Poston: An American 

Story, exposed viewers to the devastating 

and long-lasting effects of World War II 

internment camps on the Japanese 

American community. (12)

1 2 4

7 8

5 6

10 11 12

3

9
24 25

Smithsonian Institution Traveling 

Exhibition Service

Earth from Space, a poster exhibition of 

colorful high-resolution images taken by 

satellites, began touring the United States 

this summer. The exhibition explains 

how satellite images are used to learn more 

about our dynamic planet. (16)

Smithsonian Latino Center

A live concert given by the musicians 

featured in The Accordion Kings: The Story of 

Colombian Vallenato Music — a documentary 

which was screened before the concert 

— attracted a crowd that numbered more 

than 600 people. (17)

SCIENCE

Museum Conservation Institute

Institute research scientists are using a 

newly acquired micro-fading tester to 

conduct a yearlong survey of postrenovation light levels on museum 

objects and artifacts in the Donald W. 

Reynolds Center for American Art and 

Portraiture. (18)

National Science Resources Center

Teachers deepened their knowledge of 

biodiversity, ecological field studies, 

electricity and magnetism, and energy and 

motion through the center’s weeklong 

residential summer sessions, Smithsonian 

Science Education Academies for 

Teachers. (19)

National Zoological Park

Two Przewalski’s horse foals, a species 

extinct in their native Asia since 1970 and 

genetically distinct from domestic horses, 

were born at the Zoo’s Conservation and 

Research Center facility, a direct result of 

work and research by staff reproductive 

scientists. (20)

Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory

A Smithsonian astronomer recently 

discovered a black hole that weighs 

between 24 and 33 times as much as our 

Sun. This new black hole, the heftiest 

black hole known to orbit another star, 

is located in a nearby galaxy 1.8 million 

light-years from Earth. (21)

Smithsonian Environmental 

Research Center

Through a partnership with the North 

American Climate Center, a group 

of citizen-scientists joined Smithsonian 

ecologists to participate in a research 

project that will contribute to a longterm global study measuring how forests 

respond to a changing climate. (22)

Smithsonian Institution Libraries

Botanicals: Butterflies & Insects, a 300-page 

book featuring stunning natural history 

illustrations that span two centuries, was 

published by the Libraries. The images 

are compiled from works in the Libraries 

collection. (23)

History and Culture

The Smithsonian Associates

China: An Incomparable Journey explored the 

country through more than 20 individual 

presentations, workshops, and events 

held in Washington, D.C. The program 

covered China from its ancient culture to 

the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. (13)

Smithsonian Center for Education 

and Museum Studies 

The center published Teaching with Collections, 

a special edition of its curriculum guide 

Smithsonian in Your Classroom. The publication helps teachers create lesson plans for 

preschool- and kindergarten-age children 

based on museum collections. (14)

Smithsonian Institution Archives

Five thousand cubic feet of older historical 

collections and fragile paper records were 

painstakingly transferred by Archives’ staff 

to secure underground storage vaults in 

Pennsylvania. (15)

Smithsonian Marine Station 

at Fort Pierce

In keeping with the station’s ongoing 

mission to support and document the 

ecosystems and marine biodiversity of 

south Florida, marine biologists conducted behavioral studies on the feeding 

preferences of sea urchins. (24)

Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute

Studying the social organization of one 

of the largest insect groups on the planet, 

ants, researchers at the institute’s 

Neurobiology Lab examined the behavior 

of tropical ants and how it changes 

according to their age and the needs of 

their colony. (25)

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17 18 19

22

The Year at a Glance

2008 Highlights

Smithsonian Museums, 

Research Centers, and Programs 

13 14 15 16
26 27

Charting a Bold Future

The Smithsonian in the 21st Century

Today’s world is defined by both limitless 

opportunity and limited resources. 

Shrinking borders have shaped a true 

global community whose inhabitants are 

eager to learn about — and from — each 

other, while vastly improved technology 

enhances our ability to communicate. At 

the same time, the planet faces problems 

— sustainability, global climate change, 

diminishing biodiversity — too big for any 

one organization, or nation, to solve. 

Distinguished by unparalleled collections, 

stellar research, and expert staff, the 

Smithsonian is uniquely positioned to 

convene leading organizations to address 

complex opportunities and issues that 

demand collaborative action. 

Collaboration is deeply ingrained in the 

Smithsonian’s culture and made manifest at 

all levels of the Institution. Individual 

museums and centers combine objects and 

scholarship in the arts, history, and the sciences to tell a collective story, whether it be 

of the world’s oceans or an American hero. 

We learn about the desires of the museumgoing public from our strong network of 

national affiliates and, at the same time, our 

affiliates benefit from the Smithsonian’s 

collections and expertise. We also enlist prestigious partners to leverage our own work. 

The first such collaboration — between 

the Harvard College Observatory and the 

Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory — 

formed the Harvard-Smithsonian Center 

for Astrophysics, today the world’s largest 

astrophysical institution. 

Smithsonian collaborations 

come in all shapes and sizes. 

All have a powerful impact 

across geography and discipline and, together, they will 

play an increasingly important 

role in our future. 
28 29

Forging an International Partnership

With the Smithsonian’s assistance, the emirate of Abu Dhabi 

in the United Arab Emirates is making extraordinary investments to turn itself into a cultural destination. For a major 

project involving the preservation and celebration of local 

heritage, the Abu Dhabi Authority for Culture and Heritage 

invited a Smithsonian team to study the feasibility of a new 

museum dedicated to the Bedouin people and inspired and 

informed by the National Museum of the American Indian. 

The team was led by Richard Kurin, Smithsonian under 

secretary for history, art, and culture, and Elizabeth Duggal, 

the National Museum of Natural History’s associate director. 

In a follow-up collaboration, Abu Dhabi is working with the 

Smithsonian to design a new approach to museum professional 

education, to ensure the long-term success of the region’s many

cultural projects. “What a unique opportunity to enhance 

the mission of the Smithsonian while supporting a region that 

is making significant investments in culture,” Duggal says. 

“Educating a new generation of museum leaders is critical to 

the success of all museums across the world in the 21st century.” 

1 Members of the team tour the Sharjah Museum of Islamic Civilization. 

2 Mohammed Khalaf Al-Mazrouei, Director General of the Abu Dhabi Authority for 

Culture and Heritage 

3 Team members visiting the American University of Sharjah

A New Approach to Conservation Education 

The world needs a new generation of professionals to preserve 

the wondrous variety of life on Earth and the Smithsonian is 

helping to bring this about. The Smithsonian National 

Zoological Park joined with George Mason University in 

Fairfax, Va., to educate and train such leaders in the relatively 

new science of analyzing and protecting Earth’s biological 

diversity. Students in the Smithsonian-Mason Global 

Conservation Education Program spend a semester at the Zoo 

taking courses for academic credit in the natural and social 

sciences with an emphasis on developing the problem solving 

skills necessary to address critical conservation issues. 

Throughout the program they learn from scientists at the Zoo’s 

Center for Conservation Education and Sustainability, as well 

as faculty at George Mason’s Center for Conservation Studies. 

“Students are living and breathing conservation at the Zoo’s 

3,200-acre Conservation and Research Center in Front Royal, 

Va., where more than 30 endangered species are housed and 

cared for,” says Steve Monfort, the Zoo’s associate director of

conservation and science. “And in 2010 we break ground for an 

energy-efficient academic complex that will feature classrooms 

and state-of-the-art labs and dormitory facilities.” 

4 Smithsonian-Mason Semester students work on hormone analysis in the 

Endocrine Lab at the Conservation and Research Center.

5 Smithsonian and George Mason scientists lead students in a biodiversity 

monitoring field exercise.

Bringing History to Life

The Smithsonian marshaled its broad and rich resources from 

across museums and research centers to celebrate the bicentennial 

of Abraham Lincoln’s birth. The pilot project of Smithsonian 

Connections, a program aimed at enhancing the visitors’ experience, Abraham Lincoln at the Smithsonian brings the compelling story 

of America’s most mythologized president to life through 

exhibitions, public programs, tours, and multimedia Web sites. 

Accessible to museum attendees and Internet users, the Lincoln 

program incorporates all the tools of modern communications 

technology, including blogs, podcasts, and social networking 

platforms, such as Facebook and Twitter. “The Smithsonian is 

one of the few institutions that can look in-depth at a single 

subject through a variety of lenses including art, history, and 

science,” says Jane Milosch, senior program officer for the arts in 

the office of the under secretary for history, art, and culture. 

“Next we’ll tackle other subject matter in the same collaborative 

manner. We believe Smithsonian Connections is the future of 

the museum experience.”

6 Funeral drum and drumsticks that sounded the first call to arms after Lincoln’s 

assassination, National Museum of American History

7 Abraham Lincoln, by Thomas Le Mere, albumen silver print, 1863, 

National Portrait Gallery

8 Top hat worn by Lincoln to Ford's Theatre on the night of his assassination, 

National Museum of American History

Crossing Boundaries in the Name of Science

Combining its vast natural history collections, excellence in plant 

and animal taxonomy, and the power to convene experts around 

the world, the Smithsonian is hosting the Consortium for the 

Barcode of Life (CBOL), which is crossing political, geographic, 

economic, and social boundaries to promote DNA barcoding 

as a new global standard for identifying species using a short 

DNA sequence. CBOL was formed in 2004 and now has more 

than 170 member organizations from 50 countries, many in 

developing nations. Barcoding is helping these countries recognize and preserve their natural resources by building networks 

and offering training in the use of DNA barcoding techniques. 

“This project is democratizing, internationalizing, and accelerating the identification process,” says David Schindel, executive 

secretary of CBOL. “Taxonomists will no longer have to travel 

to other museums or borrow collections to compare their 

unidentified samples with known flora and fauna samples. DNA 

barcoding also is helping scientists in other disciplines by 

creating a permanent, public resource for biodiversity identification. Barcodes are being used to improve public health, promote 

conservation, and ensure crop safety across the world.” Through 

the efforts of CBOL, the Smithsonian is a key partner in the 

global DNA barcoding initiative.

9 Research entomologists at the National Museum of Natural History are using 

DNA barcode data to study the relationships between cryptic species of skipper 

butterflies and other insects.

10 Kit used by researchers to analyze DNA

6

1 2 3 4 5

7 8 9 10
31

New Secretary Appointed

On March 15, 2008, the Board of Regents announced the 

selection of G. Wayne Clough as 12th Secretary of the 

Smithsonian Institution. He took office July 1, 2008. Since 

1994, he had been the president of the Georgia Institute of 

Technology, and under his tenure, the school’s academic reach 

expanded throughout the world, with campuses in France, 

Ireland, Singapore, and Shanghai; enrollment increased by more 

than 5,000 and achieved greater ethnic and gender diversity; 

and the university consistently ranked among the nation’s top 

10 public research universities. The Board of Regents is pleased 

to have a scholar and scientist of his stature at the Institution’s 

helm, and is confident that his leadership will offer positive 

direction to the more than 6,000 Smithsonian staff and thousands of volunteers, whose dedication and excellence reflect so 

positively upon the Institution. 

Governance Reforms in Place

The Regents completed a thorough reform of the Smithsonian’s 

governance, implementing 25 recommendations proposed by its 

Governance and Nominating Committee. These reforms increase 

transparency and accountability, improve internal and external 

communications, and strengthen partnerships between the Regents 

and key staff and stakeholders.

Changes made to the structure and operations of the Board 

of Regents include creating new positions of chair and vice chair 

and establishing an Office of the Regents separate from the 

Office of the Secretary. In addition, the Board now has three new 

committees: investment, advancement, and strategic planning and 

programs, expanding its number of committees to nine.

Board of Regents Report

To increase transparency, the Regents created a public Web site 

and conducted their first annual public forum on November 17. 

The duties and responsibilities of individual Regents have been 

clearly established, and the Board is putting in place processes by 

which to assess its effectiveness and that of individual Regents.

The Inspector General, the Chief Financial Officer, and the 

General Counsel now have direct access to the Regents, and new 

policies prohibit Smithsonian executives from serving on forprofit boards. All Smithsonian employees now adhere to federal 

travel, expense, and leave procedures. 

The reforms have been comprehensive and responsive to concerns, but the Regents are not taking a “once and done” view. 

The Board is committed to working with Secretary Clough to 

sustain a top-to-bottom culture of accountability and an ongoing 

review of governance policies and procedures. 

Recognizing a Dedicated Leader

In acknowledgment of his many contributions, the Board of 

Regents named National Museum of Natural History Director 

Cristián Samper as the first recipient of the Regents’ Gold 

Medal for Exceptional Service in recognition of his 15 months’ 

service as Acting Secretary of the Smithsonian. The award reflects 

the board’s gratitude and appreciation for leading the Institution 

with skill and dedication through a time of transition and for 

his ongoing commitment to the Smithsonian. 

Detailed information on the activities and accomplishments 

of the Smithsonian’s Board of Regents is available online at 

www.si.edu/about/regents.

In 2008, Roger Sant, left, was 

elected first chair and Patricia 

Stonesifer was elected first vice 

chair. In January 2009, Ms. 

Stonesifer succeeded Mr. Sant as 

chair, and Alan Spoon was elected 

vice chair. John McCarter, Jr. is a 

new citizen Regent.

In 2008, the Smithsonian made 

important strides toward its goal of 

becoming a leader in 21st-century 

nonprofit governance.
32 33

Financial Report

Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2008

With the opening of The Sant Ocean Hall at the 

National Museum of Natural History and the reopening 

of the National Museum of American History which 

now houses an inspiring new home for the Star-Spangled 

Banner, fiscal year 2008 was both a productive and 

rewarding one for the Smithsonian. Smithsonian operations performed well during the year. The endowment, 

while hurt by a slumping economy, outperformed its 

benchmark and the median return of a wide selection 

of peer organizations. 

The Smithsonian receives funding from federal 

government appropriations, from other governmental 

entities, and from private sources. Private funds enable 

the Institution to undertake new ventures and provide 

the means for carrying out innovative research, expanding 

and strengthening our national collections, developing 

and building new facilities, opening state-of-theart exhibitions, and reaching out to America’s diverse 

communities. Federal appropriations conserve our 

national collections; sustain basic research; educate the 

public; operate, maintain, and protect the large 

Smithsonian museum and research complex; and fund 

other administrative and support services. The 2008 

annual audit was conducted by KPMG LLP. For a 

complete set of audited financial statements, contact 

the Office of the Comptroller at (202) 633-7250.

Gift Report

Gifts to the Smithsonian

Philanthropy is essential to the Smithsonian’s mission. 

Private contributions from donors provide the funds to 

transform Smithsonian museums and exhibitions, advance 

research, ignite young minds through education and outreach, fund innovation, and help the Smithsonian remain 

free to all and open 364 days a year. Philanthropic support 

has never been more important to the Smithsonian, and we 

are most appreciative of our generous contributors.

Smithsonian Enterprises

Smithsonian Enterprises (formerly Smithsonian Business 

Ventures) provides critical, unrestricted funds to the 

Institution and its museums through its operation of missionrelated, revenue-generating activities that include museum 

stores, restaurants, IMAX theaters, the Smithsonian Catalogue, 

Smithsonian and Air & Space magazines, Smithsonian Channel, 

Smithsonian Books, and the worldwide educational travel 

program, Smithsonian Journeys.

Smithsonian Enterprises’ operations achieved $157.2 million 

in revenue during 2008 and contributed $26.7 million in net 

gain to the Institution, an amount slightly higher than its 

2007 contribution.

2008 Highlights:

n The Smithsonian Channel ended a year of programming 

accolades with a coveted Emmy Award for The Magic of 

Motion, an episode in its popular series Nature Tech. It is the 

youngest channel ever to win an Emmy. The channel is now 

in more than 10 million households and offers viewers 209 

different programs. In addition, selected Smithsonian 

Channel programs can be downloaded at the iTunes Store, 

the world’s most popular online music and video store.

n Retail stores’ year-end net gain exceeded 2007 gains 

through improved operating margins and new initiatives, 

such as extended operating hours at the National Air and 

Space Museum and the implementation of the successful 

Curator’s Choice book program, focusing on selected favorites 

of the museum staff.

n Despite industry-wide circulation challenges, the quality 

of Smithsonian magazine continues to deliver to more than 

2 million National Associate members with each issue. The 

magazine was named by a leading circulation trade newsletter 

as one of its top 10 circulation performers of the past decade.

n As part of a pan-Institutional effort, the Licensing division 

helped secure an agreement with 20th Century Fox to place 

the Smithsonian in a starring role in the upcoming release of 

Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian.

n Two Smithsonian Books titles made it onto The New York 

Times bestseller list: America’s Hidden History, by Kenneth Davis, 

and How the States Got Their Shapes, by Mark Stein.

n Smithsonian Journeys grew its number of passengers by 11 

percent and completed its first full year as a preferred supplier 

for the American Express Consumer Travel Network. The 

partnership resulted in more than 200 additional bookings. 

n Visitors to Web sites operated by the Media division 

— Smithsonian.com, airspacemag.com, and goSmithsonian.com — 

were up 107 percent in 2008. 

Purpose of Funds Raised, 

in Millions of Dollars, FY 2008

Museums & Research Centers, $39.6 29%

General Support 

Facilities & Public Spaces 27 20%

Endowment 22.6 17%

Smithsonian, General Support 18.7 14%

Exhibitions, Education, 18.2 13%

& Public Programs 

Research 7.1 5%

Acquisitions & Collections 3.1 2%

TOTAL $136.3 100%

Funds Raised by Source, 

in Millions of Dollars, FY 2008

Individuals $84 62%

Corporations 24.9 18%

Foundations 24.4 18%

Other 3 2%

TOTAL $136.3 100%

financial activity, in Millions of Dollars, FY 2008 and 2007 

2008 2007

 Operating Revenue $1,007 $993

Operating Expenses 898 881

Increase in Operating Net Assets 109 112

Increase (decrease) in Other Assets (210) 108

Total Increase (decrease) in Net Assets ($101) $220

financial position, in Millions of Dollars, FY 2008 and 2007 

 2008 2007

 Trust Federal Total Funds

Assets $1,873 $1,199 $3,072 $3,106

Liabilities 322 356 678 611

Net Assets $1,551 $843 $2,394 $2,495

Revenues, in Percent, FY 2008

Federal Appropriations 60%

Contributions & Private Grants 15%

Government Grants & Contracts 13%

Investment Earnings 5%

Business Ventures 4%

Other 3%

Expenses, in Percent, FY 2008

Salaries & Benefits 47%

Other Operating Expenses 40%

Capital Expenses 13%

Growth in Net Assets, in Millions of Dollars, Over Five Years

2008 $2,394

2007 $2,495

2006 $2,274 

2005 $2,128

2004 $1,882
34 35 Travis and Anne Engen

Travis and Anne Engen’s $15 million 

gift to the National Air and Space 

Museum honors the memory of Mary 

Baker Engen, Travis Engen’s mother, 

and helps make possible the construc-

tion of the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy 

Center’s long-planned second phase. 

Phase Two’s restoration hangar, spacious enough to accommo-

date several full-size aircraft at one time, will bear the name of 

Mary Baker Engen, a longtime member of the museum’s board, 

who is shown in the photograph here with her late husband, 

former National Air and Space Museum director Admiral 

Donald D. Engen. From the Center’s mezzanine, visitors will be 

able to view specialists reconstructing, repairing, and preserving 

artifacts. A portion of the gift also provides an endowment for 

ongoing maintenance of the facility.

IBMCorporation

The Smithsonian’s 19th museum, the National Museum of 

African American History and Culture, is reaching a global 

audience through its Web presence even though the public 

opening of the museum facility is years away. The Web site, 

known as the Museum on the Web, is made 

possible with the donation of technology 

and Web development expertise, valued at 

$1.4 million, from the IBM Corporation. 

Site visitors may download educational activities, explore the 

exhibition Let Your Motto Be Resistance, and share personal stories 

in the Memory Book. Samuel J. Palmisano, chairman of the board 

and chief executive officer of IBM Corporation, is a founding 

member of the museum’s council. For a quarter of a century, 

IBM Corporation has generously supported the Smithsonian, 

its museums, and its programs. James A. Johnson and Maxine 

Isaacs

With their gift of $1 million, James 

A. Johnson and his wife, Maxine 

Isaacs, have provided leadership 

support for the National Museum 

of African American History and 

Culture. Their gift helps fund the 

planning and preliminary design of 

the future museum, now underway. 

James A. Johnson is a founding member of the museum’s 

council. The couple also has supported the National Zoological 

Park and Contributing Membership.

Donors to the Smithsonian

Leadership Gifts

The Institution is deeply grateful for the generous 

new gifts and pledges of $1 million or more made in 

2008 by the donors recognized in these pages. Their 

thoughtful and wide-ranging support has been essential 

in advancing Smithsonian initiatives in all fields. The Boeing Company

The Boeing Company made a $5 million gift to the National 

Museum of African American History and Culture that pro-

vides critical momentum to this major Institutional initiative. 

The aerospace company’s support helps fund the design and 

development of the new 

museum, which is scheduled 

to open in 2015. Boeing has 

generously supported Smithsonian museums and programs 

for almost a quarter of a century and, in 2006, gave the largest 

single corporate gift in the Institution’s history. The Morris and Gwendolyn Cafritz Foundation

The Morris and Gwendolyn Cafritz Foundation’s $2.568 

million in funding furthered the National Museum of American 

History’s transformation and initiated a preservation study of 

Alexander Calder’s sculpture Gwenfritz, donated by the founda-

tion to the Smithsonian in 1969. The foundation’s generosity 

made possible the Abstract Flag, an architectural representation 

of a waving flag which marks the entrance of the new StarSpangled Banner gallery. 

Calvin Cafritz is the 

foundation’s chairman, 

president, and chief 

executive officer. His wife, Jane Lipton Cafritz, is a member of

the foundation’s Advisory Board and serves on the Smithsonian 

National Board. The gift is the largest made by the foundation 

to the Smithsonian. 
36 37

Poor Richard’s Charitable Trust

A $2 million gift from the Poor Richard’s Charitable Trust to 

Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum’s Capital Campaign, 

will help the museum increase exhibition space and provide 

greater access to its permanent collection. The gift was made 

possible by two of Poor Richard’s trustees, Lisa S. Roberts and

David Seltzer, her husband, 

who are committed friends of 

Cooper-Hewitt. Lisa Roberts 

is a museum board member 

who serves on its marketing 

and acquisitions committees, 

and the couple were vice chairs of the museum’s 2008 and 

2007 National Design Awards Gala. In recognition of their 

leadership and generosity, the museum’s former library and 

study are named in their honor.

Susan and Elihu Rose

With their gift of $1 million to the National Museum of 

American History’s Star-Spangled Banner Campaign, Susan 

and Elihu Rose continue their generous support of the museum 

and its current renovation. Elihu Rose served on the National 

Museum of American History Board 

from 1996 until 2003 and remains 

an active alumnus. The Susan and 

Elihu Rose Gallery is named to honor 

their long-time commitment to the 

museum. The gallery’s inaugural 

exhibition commemorates the bicentennial of Abraham Lincoln’s birth.

Alfred P. Sloan Foundation

A grant of $2.25 million continues the 

Alfred P. Sloan Foundation’s support 

of the Barcode of Life, an international 

initiative to advance rapid, accurate identification of animal and plant species using 

DNA sequences. The Consortium for the 

Barcode of Life, the initiative’s organizing body, is hosted by

the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History. With 

its grant, the foundation is helping hundreds of scientists to 

build a global reference library of DNA “barcodes.” This 

work accelerates efforts to create the Encyclopedia of Life and

the Biodiversity Heritage Library, projects the foundation 

also supports. 

The Summit Fund of Washington

Roger and Vicki Sant continue their support of the National 

Museum of Natural History’s Ocean Initiative with a $16.25 

million gift from the Roger and Victoria Sant Founders’ Fund 

of The Summit Fund of Washington. The support underscores 

the commitment of Roger and Vicki Sant, chairman and 

president of the Fund, respectively, to the Initiative. Of the gift, 

$1.25 million funds Ocean Initiative education programs and 

aspects of the Hall exhibition, and $15 million creates an 

endowment to ensure continued ocean education and outreach 

programs and future enhancements, updates, and maintenance 

of The Sant Ocean Hall. Roger Sant chairs the National 

Museum of Natural History Board and is a member, and 

former chair, of the Smithsonian Board of Regents. Vicki Sant 

is a former member of the executive committee of the 

Smithsonian Washington Council and current President and a 

Trustee of the National Gallery of Art. 

Coralyn Wright Whitney

Each year, millions visit the National 

Museum of Natural History’s exhibition of rare and outstanding gems, 

making it one of the Smithsonian’s 

most popular destinations. A gift of 

$1.5 million from Coralyn Wright 

Whitney, a businesswoman and collector of fine jewelry and gemstones, enables the museum to 

acquire significant new gems for the national collection, and 

establishes an endowment to support acquisitions, research, 

and outreach. This generous gift helps ensure the collection’s 

continuing allure.

The Oprah Winfrey Foundation 

The Oprah Winfrey Foundation’s gift of $1 million brings the 

National Museum of African American History and Culture 

closer to the design and construction of its permanent home 

on the National Mall adjacent to the Washington Monument. 

This gift provides support for the museum’s architectural 

design. Groundbreaking and construction are planned to begin 

in 2012. Oprah Winfrey, the Foundation’s president and 

director, is a 

founding member 

of the museum’s 

council.

Robert L. Johnson

Robert L. Johnson’s generosity to 

the National Museum of African 

American History and Culture helps 

advance the museum’s mission of 

telling the African American story in 

all its dimensions. His gift of 

$2 million furthers the planning and 

development of the future museum, 

which will be located on the National Mall. It also helps 

support the traveling exhibitions and public programs through 

which the museum already has begun sharing its important story 

with the American public. Robert Johnson is a founding 

member of the museum’s council.

Herb Kelleher 

Herb Kelleher and his wife, Joan, continue their long 

friendship with the Smithsonian and its National Air and Space 

Museum with a second gift of $1 million to the Steven F. 

Udvar-Hazy Center. The gift, made through The Joan and 

Herb Kelleher Charitable Foundation, 

helps begin construction of Phase 

Two of the Center, which will include 

a restoration hangar, archives, reading 

room, and conservation and storage 

facilities. Herb Kelleher serves on the 

National Air and Space Museum 

Board. He and his wife have been 

Contributing Members for 20 years.

Leon Levy Foundation

With its $1 million gift to the Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur 

M. Sackler Gallery, the Leon Levy Foundation funds a five-year 

program on intercultural relations in the ancient world that 

makes possible exhibitions such as Wine, Worship and Sacrifice. 

The gift also provides for the program’s scholarship by funding 

visiting Leon Levy Foundation Curators and Leon Levy 

Foundation Fellows. The foundation continues the philanthropic 

legacy of its founder, the late Leon Levy.

The J. Willard and Alice S. Marriott Foundation

With a grant of $2.5 million to the National Zoological Park’s 

Elephant Trails, The J. Willard and Alice S. Marriott Foundation 

continues its support to the zoo and its mission of advancing 

scientific understanding, expert animal care, and conservation of 

endangered species. The 

next step in the National 

Zoo’s revitalization, the 

planned Elephant Trails,

will provide an expanded 

and enhanced habitat for a multigenerational herd of Asian 

elephants. The Foundation and the Marriott family have been 

major donors to the zoo’s giant panda conservation program, and 

John W. Marriott III serves on the National Zoological Park’s 

advisory board. 

Motorola Foundation

A $1 million gift from the Motorola Foundation supports the 

National Postal Museum’s Systems at Work exhibition, scheduled 

to open in 2011. Visitors will discover how sophisticated 

technology has transformed mail 

delivery through the years and 

learn about the impact this has 

had on social and economic life 

in the United States. The company has also supported the 

National Museum of American History and other Smithsonian 

museums and programs.

NYSE Foundation 

The $1 million gift of the New York Stock Exchange 

Foundation, Inc. to the National Museum of American 

History’s Star-Spangled Banner Campaign helped transform the 

museum with a renovated central 

core and a specially constructed 

Star-Spangled Banner Gallery. The 

foundation, established in 1983 to 

support educational and community programs, previously has 

provided financial assistance to the Center for Folklife and 

Cultural Heritage.

Richard D. and Laura A. Parsons

The National Museum of African 

American History and Culture’s 

traveling exhibitions and conservation 

outreach programs have already 

touched the lives of thousands across 

the country, while its Museum on the 

Web reaches many more. Richard D. 

and Laura A. Parsons’ gift of 

$1 million to the museum supports these activities as well as 

initial planning for the design of the long-awaited museum on 

the National Mall. Richard Parsons is a founding member of 

the museum’s council. 
38

‡ Smithsonian National Board Alumnus

39

* Partial or full gift in-kind

$1,000,000 or more

We especially value the philanthropic leadership shown by the 

Institution’s most generous donors.

Anonymous

Kenneth E. Behring Family‡

The Boeing Company

Dr. Peter Buck

The Morris and Gwendolyn Cafritz Foundation

Travis and Anne Engen

Patricia and Phillip Frost

The Glenstone Foundation, Mitchell P. Rales, Founder

Conrad N. Hilton Foundation

IBM Corporation*

James A. Johnson and Maxine Isaacs

Robert L. Johnson

Herb Kelleher

David H. Koch

Robert and Arlene Kogod

Leon Levy Foundation

Elizabeth S. MacMillan‡

The J. Willard & Alice S. Marriott Foundation

John and Adrienne Mars‡

The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation

Motorola Foundation

NYSE Foundation

Oneida Indian Nation (New York)

Richard D. and Laura A. Parsons

Poor Richard’s Charitable Trust

Donald W. Reynolds Foundation

Susan and Elihu Rose

Alfred P. Sloan Foundation

The Summit Fund of Washington

Target

Coralyn Wright Whitney

The Oprah Winfrey Foundation

Karen and Edward A. Burka

The Burkle Family Foundation

Hacker and Kitty Caldwell

Mr. and Mrs. Michael A. Callen

Carnegie Corporation of New York

Cessna Aircraft Company

Citibank/Banamex

The Coca-Cola Company

The Ryna and Melvin 

 Cohen Family Foundation

Malcolm Collins, Miles Collins and 

 Catherine Collins Masterson

Michael and Sandy Collins

Comcast Corporation*

Ms. Elizabeth J. Comstock

Conservation International

Joseph & Joan Cullman 

 Conservation Foundation Inc.

Frances K. Dibner Charitable Trust

Valerie and Charles Diker

Miranda and Robert Donnelley 

(The Donnelley Foundation)‡

The Dorsey & Whitney Foundation

Constance and Harvey Krueger

Earthwatch Institute

Mr. and Mrs. Farhad F. Ebrahimi

Anne and Joel Ehrenkranz

Envision EMI, LLC

ExxonMobil

Fidelity Foundation

Barbara G. Fleischman

Mr. Glenn R. Fuhrman

The Funger Foundation, 

 Norma Lee and Morton Funger

The Getty Foundation

Goya Foods, Inc.

Agnes Gund and Daniel Shapiro

Valerie J. and D. Wilson Gyton

Mr. Christie G. Harris

Mr. and Mrs. J. Tomilson Hill

Lisina M. Hoch

Steven and Jane Hoch

Wolfgang Hultner*

International Aero Engines

International Longshore and 

Warehouse Union

Mr. and Mrs. Vernon E. Jordan, Jr.

Suzie Katz (PhotoWings)

W.K. Kellogg Foundation

KidsPost/The Washington Post

John S. and James L. 

 Knight Foundation

Samuel J. and Ethel LeFrak

Lehman Brothers

Jeanne and Richard Levitt

Richard Lounsbery Foundation

Jon and Lillian Lovelace

The Henry Luce Foundation

Lukoil*

The Elizabeth Carolyn Lux Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Peter L. Malkin

Richard and Jane 

 Manoogian Foundation

Christian L. and Edna M. March

Nancy A. Marks

Mars Petcare US, Inc.

Mars Snackfood, US, LLC*

Margery and Edgar Masinter‡

McCormick Tribune Foundation

Merrill Lynch & Co. Foundation, Inc.

MetLife Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Steven T. Mnuchin 

(The Steven and Heather 

 Mnuchin Foundation)

Monaco Rare Coins

Ambrose Monell Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Fred Montanye

Morris Animal Foundation

Lester S. and Enid W. Morse

Joan C. Muzzillo and Paul R. Popick

Northrop Grumman Corporation

Mrs. Philip E. Nuttle

Mary and John Pappajohn

Pepco

Pitney Bowes Inc.*

Radio One, Inc.*

James Renwick Alliance

Mr. Joseph E. Robert, Jr.

Rolls-Royce

The Honorable Ronald A. Rosenfeld 

and Mrs. Rosenfeld 

(Rosenfeld Family Charitable 

 Foundation)

Robert and Marion Rosenthal

Alice and David Rubenstein

Ms. Pat Rubin and 

 Mr. Theodore J. Slavin

Running Strong for 

 American Indian Youth®

Ms. Sally D. Ryan

Safe Flight Instrument Corporation

Victoria and Roger Sant

Mr. and Mrs. Douglas R. Scheumann

Suzanne and Walter Scott Foundation

Nina and Ivan Selin‡

Seneca Nation of Indians

Mr. and Mrs. Albert H. Small

Mr. and Mrs. Frederick W. Smith

Guenther and Siewchin Yong Sommer

Mr. and Mrs. Thomas H. Stoner

Mr. and Mrs Kelso F. Sutton 

(Kelso F. and Joanna L. 

 Sutton Fund)‡

Mr. and Mrs. Steven A. Tananbaum 

(The Lisa and Steven Tananbaum 

 Family Foundation)

Televisa Foundation

Eugene V. and Clare E. 

 Thaw Charitable Trust

Verizon Foundation

Jean and Davis H. von Wittenburg

The Walt Disney Company

Andy Warhol Foundation 

for the Visual Arts

Sue and John Wieland

Mr. Mike Wilkins and 

 Ms. Sheila Duignan

Ginny Williams

$50,000 or more

Anonymous

Accenture*

Adobe Systems

The Paul G. Allen Foundations

Mr. Richard C. Andersen

Judy Hart Angelo and John M. Angelo

Association of Zoos and Aquariums

Austin Community Foundation

BAE Systems

William C. and Nellie N. Baker

The Barker Welfare Foundation

Mr. Edward P. Bass 

(The Philecology Trust)

The Bhutan Foundation

Biotechnology Industry Organization

The Bobolink Foundation

Bombardier

Mr. and Mrs. John Boochever

Booth Ferris Foundation

The Brinson Foundation

Peggy and Ralph Burnet

Café Nicholson Fund

The Calamus Foundation

Capitol File Niche Media, LLC*

Constance R. Caplan

The E. Rhodes & Leona B. 

 Carpenter Foundation

Mr. John T. Chambers 

(Chambers Family Foundation)

Chapman Family Fund

Judith L. Cherwinka

Ann and Tom Cousins 

(The C.F. Foundations)‡

Cow Creek Band of 

 Umpqua Tribe of Indians

The Nathan Cummings Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Maurice J. Cunniffe

Dancing Star Foundation

De Beers Consolidated Mines Limited

Mr. and Mrs. Michael S. Dell 

(Michael and Susan Dell 

 Foundation)

Jim and Janet Dicke

Mr. and Mrs. Lee E. Dirks

The William H. Donner 

 Foundation, Inc.

The Dow Chemical Company 

 Foundation

Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians

Mr. Gabriel H. Ebersole

ELLE

Energias de Portugal

Mr. and Mrs. Thomas M. Evans, Jr.

Farmers Insurance

The Ferris Family Foundation

Roger S. Firestone Foundation‡

Doris and Donald Fisher

Mr. and Mrs. William Fisher

The Lee and Juliet Folger Fund

Ms. Marilyn Friedman

Mrs. Rose Frieze and Mr. Cary J. Frieze

Fundacion Comercializadora Eloro

Hope L. and John L. Furth

Mr. Kenneth E. Gazzola

GE Aircraft Engines

GE Foundation

GEICO Direct

Mr. and Mrs. Carl S. Gewirz

Global Biodiversity Information Facility

Global Events Partners, Inc.

Mr. Robert B. Goergen 

(The Goergen Foundation)

Peter and Rhondda Grant

Captain Thomas Bailey Hagen, SC, 

 USNR (Ret.)

Mr. and Mrs. Hugh Halff, Jr.

Bruce T. Halle Family Foundation

Victor and Takako Hauge

Catherine and Richard W. Herbst

Alexandra and Paul Herzan

Hunt Oil Company

Judy and Bob Huret

Intel Foundation

Inter-American Development Bank

Mr. Roger R.W. Johnston

Kansas State University Foundation

Robert J. & Helen C. 

 Kleberg Foundation

Jeanne and Michael Klein

The Samuel H. Kress Foundation

The Honorable Marc E. Leland and 

 Mrs. Leland (Marc E. Leland 

 Foundation)‡

Aaron and Barbara Levine

Mr. and Mrs. Rodney R. Lewis 

(The Kim and Rod Lewis Family 

 Foundation for Hope and Charity)

LI-COR Inc.

Linda and Harry Macklowe

Amb. and Mrs. Charles T. Manatt

Mr. and Mrs. Frank E. Mars

Ms. Jacqueline Badger Mars

Pierre and Tana Matisse Foundation

Ms. Marissa Mayer

Microsoft Corporation

Morgan Stanley

National Geographic Society

The Nature Conservancy

Edward John Noble Foundation, Inc.

Northwest Airlines, Inc.

Numismatic Conservation Services, LLC

Mrs. Carroll O’Connor 

(Carroll and Nancy O’ Connor 

 Foundation)

Oppenheimer & Company, Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. Russell E. Palmer, Jr.

Marsha and Jeffrey Perelman

Peters Family Art Foundation

Mr. Job Luning Prak

The Reed Foundation

The Rice Family Foundation

Mr. George R. Roberts

Craig Robins

Rockwell Collins

Abigail Rose and Michael J. Blum

Drs. Valerie and John Rowe

May and Samuel Rudin 

 Family Foundation, Inc.

Lloyd G. and Betty A. Schermer

Donna and Marvin Schwartz

Sealaska Corporation

The Schlinger Foundation

Siemens Logistics & 

 Assembly Systems, Inc.

Mr. James C. Small and Mr. John A. Fry

Alan and Terri Spoon

Stockman Family Foundation

Ms. Mara Strock

Mr. David M. Sundman and 

 Mr. Donald J. Sundman

The TATA Group

Mr. and Mrs. A. Alfred Taubman 

(Taubman Endowment 

for the Arts)‡

Ruth and Vernon 

 Taylor Foundation, MT

Charles and Geneva Thornton

Gary and Marie Thunem

Tishman Speyer

Mr. John L. Tishman

Tourism Ireland

Trellis Fund

Mr. Mark Tupper

Mr. and Mrs. Steven F. Udvar-Hazy

United States Postal Service*

Mallory and Diana Walker

The Widgeon Foundation

Wyeth Foundation for American Art

Donors to the Smithsonian

Recognizing Our Benefactors 

The Smithsonian gratefully acknowledges those donors 

who made gifts, payments on gifts, or pledges during 

the fiscal year ending September 30, 2008. 

$500,000 or more

Anonymous

Akaloa Resource Foundation

American Express

Bank of America

Dr. and Mrs. David A. Cofrin

ECOPETROL S.A.

Feodor Pitcairn Productions, Ltd.

The Fertilizer Institute

The Ford Foundation

Ford Motor Company Fund

Fujifilm

General Motors Corporation

Lloyd E. Herman

HSBC Holdings plc

Mrs. Dorothy Lemelson, 

 The Lemelson Foundation‡

Lockheed Martin

Ocean Conservancy

The Pew Charitable Trusts

Reinsch Family

Shell

Shell Gabon

Silicon Valley Community Foundation

Robert H. and Clarice Smith

Smithsonian Women’s Committee

Soil Science Society of America

Sony Electronics, Inc.*

Terra Foundation for American Art

United Airlines

Esme Usdan and James Snyder

$100,000 or more

Anonymous

AARP

A&E Television Networks

Agencia Nacional de Hidrocarburos

Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians

Lee and Elizabeth Ainslie

Alcoa

Kathleen B. Allaire 

(2005 Allaire Family 

 Charitable Trust)

The Herb Alpert Foundation

Altman Foundation

American Veterinary Medical 

 Association

Arts Council of Wales

AT&T, Inc.

Lily Auchincloss Foundation, Inc.

Aviation Capital Group

The Barkley Fund

Bayer CropScience

Mr. and Mrs. Howard R. Berlin 

(Howard R. & Joy M. Berlin 

 Foundation)

Max N. and Heidi L. Berry

Blue Moon Fund

Booz Allen Hamilton*

Brisa Auto-estradas de Portugal

Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
40

‡ Smithsonian National Board Alumnus

41

* Partial or full gift in-kind

$10,000 or more

Anonymous

@radical media, inc.

630 WMAL

94.7 The Globe*

Talbert & Leota Abrams Foundation

Anne and Ronald Abramson 

(Abramson Family Foundation, Inc.)

ABS CBN International*

The Edith and Frances Mulhall 

 Achilles Memorial Trust

Jan and Warren Adelson 

(Adelson Galleries, Inc.)

Aerojet

Air China*

Mr. David C. Aldrich

Stephen T. Alexieff

Claudia R. Allen and Willis M. Allen, Jr.

Altria Group, Inc.

Dr. and Mrs. Prakash Ambegaonkar 

(Northern Virginia Community 

 Foundation)

American Academy of Pediatric 

 Dentistry

American Airlines

American Association of Advertising 

 Agencies, Inc.

American Bankruptcy Institute

American Bar Association

The American Institute of Architects

American International Group, Inc (AIG)

American Roentgen Ray Society

American Society for Reproductive 

 Medicine

Amgen Foundation

An Exhibition Group, Inc.

Major General William A. Anders, 

 USAF (Ret.) and Mrs. Anders

M.D. Anderson Foundation

Mr. Philip F. Anschutz 

(The Anschutz Foundation)‡

Apollo Diamond, Inc.

Charles F. Appel and Lillian F. 

 Appel Charitable Trust

Aratani Foundation

Ms. Mary Anne Ares-Borcky 

(Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics)

AREVA NP

Armed Forces Communications & 

 Electronics Association

Arnold & Porter LLP

Ms. Julie Aselstine and 

 Mr. Martin J.G. Glynn

Ashton-Potter (USA) Ltd.

Associated Press (First Protocol, Inc.)

Association for Postal Commerce

Association of Corporate Travel 

 Executives

AZA Conservation Endowment Fund

Mr. Bendrix Lee Bailey

Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp.

Ms. Elizabeth Ballantine and 

 Mr. Paul Leavitt

Banco BPI

Banco de Investimento Global

The Banks Association of Turkey

C.R. Bard Inc.

Barbara and Craig Barrett‡

Captain Celia Barteau

BASF Corporation

Mr. Douglas Baxter 

(Pace Wildenstein LLC)

BBDO Worldwide

John and Delores Beck 

(Beck Family Foundation)

Mr. William J. Bell 

(Bell Family Foundation)

Mr. Scott K. Belsky 

(Rita J. and Stanley H. Kaplan 

 Foundation, Inc.)

Catherine and Ralph Benkaim

Diane & Norman Bernstein Foundation

Jane and Raphael Bernstein/Parnassus 

Foundation

Mr. Judah Best

Ms. Ann Bissell

Mr. David C. Blackburn

Blackstone Group L.P.

Barbara and James Block

Mr. and Mrs. Charles Block

The Herb Block Foundation

Bloomberg

Mr. Adam Bly (Seed Media Group)

Agnes C. Bourne

Mr. and Mrs. Curtis F. Bradbury, Jr.

P.J. Braden (Gryphon Technologies)

Mr. Daniel Brewster

Bristol Bay Native Corporation

Mr. and Mrs. Richard A. Brodie

Mr. and Mrs. Jere Broh-Kahn

Mrs. Gisele Galante Broida

Bromley Communications

Mrs. James J. Brown

Larry and Shelly Brown

Mr. and Mrs. Randy Brown

Ms. Magalen O. Bryant

Dr. Rogene A. Buchholz

Mr. and Mrs. J. Kevin Buchi

The Bunting Family Foundation

Ms. Deborah Burns

Burns and Roe Enterprises, Inc.

Butterfield & Robinson

Mr. Conrad Cafritz 

(Conrad Cafritz Charitable Trust)

Mr. and Mrs. Calvin Cafritz

Ms. Ernestine Calhoun

Calista Corporation

Canada Council for the Arts

Capitol Services, Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. Richard W. Carroll

CB Richard Ellis, Inc.

Giuseppe and Mercedes Cecchi

Chaney Foundation

Charles Schwartz & Sons Inc.

Mr. Sant S. Chatwal 

(WB Sheffield Hotel NY Lessee, LLC)

Mr. Timothy Choate 

(Mostyn Foundation)

Christie’s

Mr. and Mrs. Percy Chubb III

Chugach Alaska Corporation

CICP Foundation, Inc.

The CIGNA Foundation

CIRCA

Ms. Ella Cisneros 

(Ottoman International 

 Investments)

The CIT Group, Inc.

Citigroup Foundation

Mr. Joe Clark

Mr. and Mrs. Peter Claussen‡

Clear Channel Communications

Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton

Mr. J. Donald Cline

Mr. and Mrs. Robert Clopine

The Coby Foundation, Ltd., New York

Coeur D’Alene Tribal Council

Mr. Arthur Cohen (LaPlaca Cohen, Inc.)

Naomi & Nemehiah Cohen Foundation

Mr. Bruce B. Collette

Embassy of Colombia

Colón Container Terminal, S.A.

Consulate General of the Netherlands

Cooper Spirits

Ron and Barbara Cordover 

(Cordover Family Foundation)

Corporate Council on Africa

Covington & Burling

Creative Public Relations

Crescent Stonco Exceline

Crest Photography Inc.

Mr. Paul W. Critchlow

Mr. Eldon H. Crowell

Mr. Jeffrey P. Cunard

Mr. Robert H. Cunliffe

Mr. Stephen M. Cunningham

Mr. and Mrs. John R. Curtis

CVS/pharmacy

Mr. Ronald M. Daignault

Julia and Frank Daniels, Jr.

Peggy and Richard M. Danziger

DC Energy Holdings, LLC

Ms. Gabrielle Sheshunoff de Kuyper

Decade Charitable Lead Annuity Trust

Dedalus Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Michael H. DeHavenon 

(Georgia and Michael 

 DeHavenon Fund)

The Gladys Krieble Delmas Foundation

Dr. Marion Deshmukh and 

 Dr. Ashok Deshmukh

Deutsche Bank

Mr. and Mrs. Charles D. Dickey, Jr.

Direct Supply, Inc.

Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund

Donald J. and Helen D. Douglass

Doyon, Limited

Jamie Drake

Jean and Louis Dreyfus 

 Foundation, Inc.

The Max and Victoria Dreyfus 

 Foundation Inc.

Ms. Debbie Driesman and 

 Mr. Frank Islam

Ms. Lois Sherr Dubin 

(Theodore Dubin Foundation)

Robert L. Dwight

Dr. Sylvia A. Earle‡

Earth Share

Mr. Barney A. Ebsworth

Dean S. Edmonds Foundation

Mr. Mark Ein

Mr. and Mrs. Michael D. Eisner 

(The Eisner Foundation)‡

ELLE DECOR

Ellison Family Foundation

Energias do Brasil

The Enfranchisement Foundation

Environ International Corporation

Dr. Steven E. Epstein 

(W.L. Lyons Brown, Jr. 

 Charitable Foundation)

John and Margot Ernst

Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.

EU Services

Mr. and Mrs. John Fahey

Fairfax County Convention and 

Visitors Corporation

Fannie Mae

FBB Capital Partners

Federal Home Loan Mortgage 

 Corporation

FedEx Corporation

Mr. Francisco Ernesto Fernandez 

 Holmann

Ferrari Maserati of Washington*

Nancy B. and Hart Fessenden

The Fine Foundation

Diane and Blaine Fogg

Fort Worth Zoo

Dr. Ella M. Foshay and 

 Mr. Michael B. Rothfeld

Mr. Bradford M. Freeman

Mr. and Mrs. John French III

Ms. Julia W. Frick

Albert and Marion Friedlander

Mr. Emanuel J. Friedman 

(Friedman Billings Ramsey and 

 Company, Inc.)

Ms. Virginia Fulton 

(The Virginia Fulton 

 Charitable Gift Fund)

Fundación Fonalledas, Inc.

Fundación Smithsonian de Panama

Mr. Lance Funston

Mr. Larry Gagosian 

(Gagosian Gallery, Inc.)

Mr. and Mrs. David K. Ganek

Shelby and Frederick Gans

Mr. Jeff Garrett 

(Mid-American Rare Coin 

 Galleries, Inc.)

Henrietta Gates and Heaton Robertson

The George Washington University

Ms. Angela Gilchrist*

Global Imagination

Becky and David Gochman

William T. Golden and 

 Catherine Morrison Golden

Goldman, Sachs & Co.

Richard and Rhoda Goldman Fund

Mr. Tom Gores

Graham Foundation for Advanced 

 Studies in the Fine Arts

Drs. Mark Graham and 

 Laneta Dorflinger, and their family

Mr. Ray A. Graham III

(Elizabeth Firestone-Graham 

 Foundation)

The GRAMMY Foundation

Mrs. Taylor P. Grasty

Mr. and Mrs. Robert A. Graves

Lisa Sharf Green and Eric A. Green

Mr. and Mrs. Michael D. Greenbaum

Marilyn Grossman

Ms. Barbara Guggenheim and 

 Mr. Bertram Fields (Guggenheim, 

 Asher Associates, Inc.)

Hachette Filipacchi

Mr. Albert Hadley

The Frederic C. Hamilton 

 Family Foundation‡

Mrs. Gloria Shaw Hamilton

Mr. Frederick Hammersley

Ms. Ruth Ann Harnisch

HarperCollins Publishers*

Harper’s Bazaar*

Michael R. and Marlys G. Haverty and 

 Kansas City Southern‡

Office of Hawaiian Affairs*

Roberta Lynn Hay

Healy Foundation

Drue Heinz Trust

Charles W. and Miriam L. Heinzeroth 

 Charitable Remainder Unitrust

Mr. and Mrs. Brian C. McK. Henderson

The Jim Henson Legacy, Inc.

Hill and Knowlton, Inc.

Hillel: The Foundation for Jewish 

 Campus Life

Henry L. Hillman Foundation‡

Barron Hilton

Himalayan Youth Foundation

Irene Y. Hirano

Ruth S. Holmberg‡

Mr. Allan M. Holt 

(The Hillside Foundation, Inc.)

Ms. Hanna Lore Hombordy

Mr. William L. Hopkins and 

 Mr. Richard B. Anderson

The Horatio Alger Association

Mr. Alan F. Horn 

(A. and C. Horn Trust)

Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence A. Hough 

(Lawrence A. and Kathleen M. 

 Hough Family Fund)

Houston Endowment, Inc.

Howard Ruby Photography

Howard University

HSBC Bank USA, N.A.

HSBC Panamá

ICF Consulting Group, Inc.

Infectious Diseases Society of America

Innovative Federal Strategies, LLC

Intellectual Property Owners

Education Foundation

International Advertising Association Inc.

International Community Foundation

International Merchandising 

 Corporation

International Network of M&A Partners

International Students House

The Island Fund in the New York 

 Community Trust

Mr. Kumar Javeri

Jenner & Block, LLP

Ms. Shirley Z. Johnson and 

 Mr. Charles Rumph

Jorden Burt LLP

JPMorgan Chase & Co.

Kahn Brothers LLC

The Katzenberger Foundation, Inc.

Dr. and Mrs. Ashok Kaveeshwar

Ms. Shelley Kay and Mr. Al Policicchio

Miss Rajinder Kaur Keith

Anna-Maria and Stephen 

 Kellen Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Clinton Kelly III

The Honorable and Mrs. Loren Kieve

B.J. Killian Foundation

Nancy and Rich Kinder, 

 Kinder Foundation‡

Ann and Gilbert H. Kinney

Mr. Fred M. Kirby II

(F.M. Kirby Foundation)

Mr. and Mrs. Edward Kittredge

John and Susan Klein

Michèle Gerber Klein and 

 Jeffrey P. Klein

Philip Koether and Marc Curyer

Koniag, Inc.

Lt. Col. and Mrs. William Karl Konze

The Korea Foundation

Dr. David and Roma Korris

The Honorable Colleen Kotelly and 

 Mr. John T. Kotelly

Mr. Reed Krakoff

Kraus Family Foundation

Mr. Robert Krissel

Ms. Nanette L. Laitman 

(William & Mildred Lasdon 

 Foundation)

Mr. and Mrs. James J. Lally

Lancesoft, Inc.

Launch, Inc.

Lee Kum Kee (USA) Inc.

Aimee and Robert Lehrman

Thelma and Melvin Lenkin

Ms. May Liang and Mr. James Lintott

The Link Foundation

Gordon F. Linke and Jocelyn B. 

 Linke Foundation

LIOBmedia*

Dr. Michael L. Lomax

Mr. and Mrs. Robert E. Long, Jr.

Loudoun Convention and 

Visitors Association

Anton C. Love

The Honorable Eugene A. Ludwig and 

 Dr. Carol L. Ludwig

Mr. and Mrs. Alan H. Lund

The Lunder Foundation

Mr. Anthony V. Lupo

Mr. and Mrs. Robert D. MacDonald

Mr. and Mrs. Bruce Maclennan

Macy’s Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. John W. Madigan 

(Madigan Family Foundation)‡

Maharam

Jean Bronson Mahoney

Barbara and Morton Mandel

Mansueto Ventures, LLC

Manzanillo International Terminal - 

 Panama, S.A.

The Maren Fund of the Philanthropic 

 Collaborative, Inc.

Linda A. Mars

Ms. Mary Martell and Mr. Paul Johnson

Martha Stewart Living

Masterfoods USA

James and Marsha Mateyka

Mr. James Mathews

Ms. Marcia V. Mayo 

(The Mayo Charitable Foundation)

Mazuri Exotic Animal Nutrition 

(Land O’Lakes Purina Feed, LLC)

The Eugene McDermott Foundation

McDermott, Will & Emery

Mr. Nion McEvoy

John P. McGovern Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Arnold B. McKinnon

Medical Modeling, Inc.

Mr. Richard Meier 

(The Richard Meier Foundation)

Dr. Charles A. Menzie (Exponent, Inc.)

Ms. Friedrike Merck

Merrill Lynch Trust

Metal Powder Industries Federation

Ms. Pauline C. Metcalf 

(Felicia Fund Inc.)

Metropolitan Center for 

 Far Eastern Art Studies

Metropolitan New York Library Council

Mexican Cultural Institute

Donors to the Smithsonian

Recognizing Our Benefactors 
42

‡ Smithsonian National Board Alumnus

43

* Partial or full gift in-kind

Ms. Elizabeth E. Meyer 

(The Island Fund)

Millennium bcp

Mr. and Mrs. Augustus C. Miller‡

Constance Corcoran Miller

Mr. Howard P. Milstein‡

Ministry of Culture, Portugal

MIX 107.3 FM

Moet Hennessy USA Inc.*

Mondriaan Foundation

The Monteforte Foundation

Montgomery College

Gary and Michelle Moore

Mr. Rene Morales Carazo

Mr. and Mrs. Paul S. Morgan‡

Pearl and Seymour Moskowitz

Susan and Furman Moseley‡

Mr. Henry R. Muñoz III

(Kell Muñoz Architects, Inc.)‡

Curtis & Edith Munson Foundation

Mr. Miki Naftali

NALP - The Association for Legal 

 Career Professionals

NAMM - International Music Products 

 Association

National Association of Insurance 

 Commissioners

National Association of Realtors

National Association of Water 

 Companies

National Federation of Independent 

 Business

National Film Preservation Foundation

National Hispanic Medical Association

National Indian Gaming Association

National Japanese American Memorial 

 Foundation

National Marine Sanctuary Foundation

Natixis Global Associates

NBC

NBC4/WRC-TV

Dr. Homer A. Neal

Mr. Paul Neely

Lt. Col. Frank D. Neill, Jr. (Ret.)

The Neiman Marcus Group, Inc.

New Breed Corporate Services

New Tourism & Harmony Pro, LLC

New York Community Trust

New York Mint Ltd.

The New York State Council 

on the Arts

NewsChannel 8

Dr. Van-Thanh Nguyen

Nielsen Media Research, Inc.

The Northern Trust of Florida

Mr. Peter Norton

Numismatic Guaranty Corporation

Mr. and Mrs. Morris W. Offit

Ogilvy & Mather

Daniel and Rebecca Okrent

OLIN

Olson Sundberg Kundig Allen 

 Architects

Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin

Janice C. and Roger B. Oresman

Organization of Chinese Americans

Mr. and Mrs. David M. Osnos

Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. Donald E. Owen

Mr. Richard S. Paegelow

Mrs. Barbara R. Palmer 

(The Palmer Foundation, Inc.)

H.O. Peet Foundation

The Penn Foundation

Pentagram Design, Inc.

Pharmaceutical Research and 

 Manufacturers of America

Kay and Dave Phillips‡

Mr. and Mrs. John L. Plueger

Mr. Don Polan

Polo Ralph Lauren Corporation*

Mr. and Mrs. William A. Potter

Stephen and Benita Potters

Mrs. Peter G. Powers

Ms. Marla Prather and 

 Mr. Jonathan Schiller

Premium Distributors of 

Washington, DC L.L.C.

PRIME Strategies Inc.

The Principal Foundation, Inc.

The Procter & Gamble Company

ProQuest

Prudential Financial

Thomas and Jamie Pumpelly

Mrs. Rita J. Pynoos

Quapaw Tribe

Mr. and Mrs. Frank J. Quirk

Mr. and Mrs. William M. Ragland, Jr. 

(Triangle Community Foundation)

Rainbow Media Holdings, LLC

Hugh A. Rand

Random House, Inc.

Mrs. Lois S. Raphling 

(Sylvia and Alexander Hassan 

 Family Foundation)

Mr. Robert Rea

Phillip and Elizabeth Reed

Mr. and Mrs. Burton J. Reiner

Research Society on Alcoholism and 

 International Society for Biomedical

 Research on Alcoholism

Mrs. Lucy S. Rhame 

(The C.K. Williams Foundation)

Frank K. Ribelin

Ridgewell’s, Inc.*

James Riepe Family Foundation

Steve and Celia Roady

Richard H. Robb and Rebecca E. Crown

Dr. and Mrs. Kenneth X. Robbins

Sara Roby Foundation

David Rockefeller

Ms. Sascha Rockefeller

Rocks Build America Foundation

Mr. David Rockwell 

(Rockwell Architecture Planning & 

 Design PC)

Mr. and Mrs. Edward Rose

Samuel G. Rose and Julie Walters

Rosenthal Jaguar & Land Rover

Arthur Ross Foundation

The Judith Rothschild Foundation

Shelley and Donald Rubin Foundation

Fiona and Eric Rudin

Mr. David Rumsey

Mr. O. Frank Rushing, Jr. and 

 Ms. Justine Simoni

Ms. Louise Russell, Ph.D.

Mrs. Arthur M. Sackler 

(AMS Foundation for the Arts, 

 Sciences and Humanities)‡

Sacramento Metropolitan 

 Chamber of Commerce

Sager Family Traveling Foundation & 

 Roadshow

Charles E. Sampson Memorial Fund 

(The Bank of New York Co., Inc.)

Mrs. Betty Sams

Mr. and Mrs. B. Francis Saul II

Savoy Entertainment and 

 Productions, LLC

Diane H. Schafer and Jeffrey A. Stein 

(The Lucy Foundation)

Bennett & Leah Schlenger 

 Philanthropic Fund

Mr. and Mrs. Richard T. Schlosberg III‡

Ambassador and Mrs. Rockwell 

 Schnabel (Rockwell and Marna 

 Schnabel Foundation)

Elizabeth A. Schreiber

Schuchart/Dow

Dr. and Mrs. Robert C. Seamans, Jr.

Ms. Ruth O. Selig

The Selz Foundation

Seminole Tribe of Florida

Shirley and Ralph Shapiro

Mr. Frederic A. Sharf 

(Jean S. & Frederic A. Sharf Fund)

Mr. and Mrs. James Shinn

Mr. and Mrs. Jack D. Shumate

Robert A. Siegel Auction Galleries, Inc.*

David & Lyn Silfen Foundation‡

The Gertrude E. Skelly 

 Charitable Foundation

Small-Alper Family Foundation, Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. Robert N. Snyder 

(Cambridge Information Group)

Society for Interventional Radiology

Mr. William Sofield

Sotheby’s, Inc.

Space Telescope Science Institute

Spanierman Gallery, LLC

Dr. Harry Wayne Springfield

Sprint Foundation

Starbucks Coffee Company

Mr. and Mrs. J.O. Stewart 

(Marlene and J.O. Stewart, Jr. 

 Foundation)

Mr. Stanford C. Stoddard 

(Stoddard Family Foundation, Inc.)

Ms. Patricia Q. Stonesifer and 

 Mr. Michael E. Kinsley

(The Stonesifer/Kinsley Family Fund)

Ms. Marion Boulton Stroud

SunTrust Banks, Inc.

Jane and Leopold Swergold

Roselyne Chroman Swig

Swiss International Air Lines, Ltd.*

Switch & Data Management Company

Mr. and Mrs. Jackson P. Tai‡

Telemundo

The Tewaaraton Award Foundation

Texas Instruments Incorporated

Dr. and Mrs. F. Christian Thompson

Ms. Joyce Ann Thurston

Toffler Associates Inc.

Tommy Bahama Rum

Toshiba America, Inc.

Total Event Productions, Inc.

Mr. Ted Townsend

Toyota Motor Corporation

Trident Capital, Inc.

True Oldies 105.9 FM

Ann and Marshall Turner

Twentieth Century Fox Film 

 Corporation

University of New Orleans

Univision Communications, Inc. 

(Univision Management Co.)

US Trust

Socorro and Ernesto Vasquez

Vermont Oxford Network, Inc.

Vital Projects Fund Inc.

Volunteer Lawyers for the Arts

Wakefern Food Corporation

Ms. Jeanette M. Walke

Mr. Douglas C. Walker

Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.

The Washington Examiner

Washington FAMILY Magazine*

Washington Life Magazine*

Washington Parent

washingtonpost.com

Mr. and Mrs. Jack H. Watson, Jr.

Mrs. Ruth L. Webb

Ellen Bayard Weedon Foundation

Audrey and Ken Weil

Mr. and Mrs. James Weinberg

Mr. Paul E. Wellington

Wenner-Gren Foundation for 

 Anthropological Research

Nina W. Werblow Charitable Trust

White House Historical Association

Whitmore Group

Whole Foods Market

WHUR Radio

Mr. James E.F. Willard

Randall and Teresa Willis

Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering

Mr. Eli Wilner 

(Eli Wilner & Company, Inc.)

Edgar Wilson Trust

Ms. Jeanne Wilson

Withers Bergman LLP

WJLA-ABC 7

Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company

Wolfensohn Family Foundation

Sue Ann Wolff

World Cocoa Foundation

WTOP 103.5 FM Radio

Yellow Book, USA

Dr. Soon-Young Yoon and 

 Mr. Richard M. Smith (The Richard 

 M. Smith Charitable Fund)

Ms. Judy Yoss

Mr. Fred M. Young, Jr.

Ms. Lauren Zalaznick and 

 Mr. Phelim Dolan

Judy Francis Zankel

The Zug Family: 

 George, Pat, Jon and Erin

$5,000 or more

Anonymous

AES Corporation

Mr. Brian Aitken

Ron and Marcy Allen

Alston & Bird, LLP

American Fidelity Foundation

American-Scandinavian Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Rand Araskog

Mr. Arthur W. Arundel

Mr. J.T. Atherton and 

 Mrs. Stefanie Grimm-Atherton

Mr. and Mrs. W.S. Atherton

Milton and Sally Avery Arts Foundation

Jane G. and Jon C. Axton

Anne and Raymond Baddour

Mr. and Mrs. Robert D. Bailey

Judson C. Ball Revocable Trust

Banco de la República

Mr. Richard Colin Barkell

Mr. and Mrs. Will Barnet

Louise R. Beale

Mr. William Lee Beasley

Mr. and Mrs. David E. Behring

Ms. Susan Beningson

Dr. and Mrs. Irwin R. Berman

Ms. Lorraine Wrightson Besch

Beyer Blinder Belle

Richard and Elaine Binder

Ms. Jane M. Black

Blank Rome, LLP

Ms. Jacqueline Blank

Blanks Printing & Imaging*

Janet Hoggard Blocker

Count and Countess Peder Bonde

Mr. and Mrs. Timothy J. Bork

The Honorable Stephen F. Brauer and 

 Mrs. Brauer (Stephen F. & Camilla 

 T. Brauer Charitable Trust)‡

Embassy of Brazil

The Brimstone Fund

Marsha and Kenneth Brookler

Elizabeth Broun

BSW Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Gerald E. Buck

Mrs. Melva Bucksbaum 

(The Martin Bucksbaum 

 Family Foundation)

W. Clark and Karen C. Bunting

Uschi and Bill Butler

Mr. Edward Ogden Cabot

Mrs. Wayne Calloway

Cambridge Trust Company

The Keith Campbell Foundation 

for the Environment

Capital Guardian

Mr. Vincent R. Castro 

(The CDM Group, Inc.)

CFED

Chatterjee Charitable Foundation

Mr. Christopher Childs

Earl F. Clayton

Cleveland Development Center

The Vicky Collins 

 Charitable Foundation

Columbus Zoological Park Association

Congressional Medal of Honor 

 Foundation

Edward H. and Kaye L. Cook

Mrs. Esther L. Coopersmith

Ms. Suzi Cordish 

(The Cordish Family Fund)

Dr. Wanda M. Corn 

(Terra Foundation for American Art)

Ms. Brenda Cotsen and 

 Mr. Jeffrey Benjamin

Ruth Covo Family Foundation

Ms. Allison Stacey Cowles and 

 Mr. Arthur Sulzberger‡

The Cowles Charitable Trust

CREO

Crescentera, Inc.

CTIA - The Wireless Association

CureSearch 

(National Childhood Cancer 

 Foundation)

Mr. Philip R. Currie

Ms. Lynn G. Cutler 

(Holland & Knight Charitable 

 Foundation, Inc.)

Ms. Marcia Cypress

D. Wigmore Fine Art, Inc.

Mr. Don W. Dahlgren

Dr. and Mrs. Worth B. Daniels 

(The Jane & Worth B. 

 Daniels, Jr. Fund)

The Charles Delmar Foundation

Deloitte

Mr. Niels Diffrient and 

 Ms. Helena Hernmarck

Digital City Kiosks

Disney Home Entertainment

Mary Anna and Timothy A. Eaton

Educational Ventures Inc.

El Tiempo Latino

El Zol 99.1 FM Radio

Dr. and Mrs. Robert S. Ellis

Mr. Steven A. Elmendorf

Emergency Committee for 

 American Trade

Environmental Leadership Center of 

Warren Wilson College

Sr. Ovidio Diaz Espino

Ms. Mary C. Ewing

Ms. Ines Farrajota

Dr. Kristian Fauchald

Mr. and Mrs. Arthur A. Feder

Fine Art Dealers Association

Mrs. Marjorie M. Fisher

Mrs. Shirley M. Fisher

Ms. Martha J. Fleischman

Mr. and Mrs. Joseph G. Fogg III

Foley & Lardner

Mr. Christopher Forbes 

(Forbes Foundation)

Ms. Debra J. Force 

(Debra Force Fine Art, Inc.)

Mr. Jaime Frankfurt

Mr. Russell Frey and Ms. I-Min Chao

Bob and Jill Fri

Mr. and Mrs. Robert J. Friedlander

Friedman French Foundation, Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. Thomas L. Friedman 

(Ann B. and Thomas L. Friedman 

 Family Foundation)

The Honorable William H. Frist, 

 Frist Foundation

Ms. Kathryn S. Fuller 

(The Summit Charitable 

 Foundation)

Fundación Pantaleón

Furthermore: a program of the 

 J.M. Kaplan Fund

Fxfowle Architects, PC

Martha and Paul Gaffney

Gannett

Genesee & Wyoming Inc. and 

 Related Companies

Sumner Gerard Foundation

Ms. Elizabeth A. Germain 

(Alston & Bird, LLP)

Mr. and Mrs. Patrick A. Gerschel

Mr. and Mrs. Gordon P. Getty 

(Ann & Gordon Getty Foundation)

John A. and Lile R. Gibbons

Dr. and Mrs. George McC. Gill

Mr. Louis Giuliano

Gluckman Mayner Architects

Ms. Joanne M. Gold and 

 Mr. Andrew A. Stern

Mr. Henry H. Goldberg

Golden Artist Colors Inc.

Mr. Larry A. Goldstone

Mr. and Mrs. C. Michael Gooden

Greenbrier Investments, L.L.C.

George Gund III and Iara Lee

Mr. John H. Gutfreund

Donors to the Smithsonian

Recognizing Our Benefactors 
44

‡ Smithsonian National Board Alumnus

45

* Partial or full gift in-kind

Mr. Harry Hagendorf

Mr. Rick Hall and Ms. Nicole Arwood

Mr. and Mrs. Yoel and Eva Haller

Mr. and Mrs. M. Hill Hammock

Hasbro, Inc.

Ms. Kitty S. Hawks

Hayes & Associates

Heifer International

Mr. Robert F. Hemphill, Jr. and 

 Ms. Linda Powers

Henderson Associates/Henderson 

 Travel Service

Mr. Francis J. Henry, Jr. 

(Booz Allen Hamilton)

Susan and Robert L. Hermanos

Martha Hertelendy 

Paul Hertelendy‡

Dr. and Mrs. Tommy L. Hewett

Dr. and Mrs. A. Dodge Hill

Mrs. Olga Hirshhorn 

(Olga & Joseph H. Hirshhorn 

 Foundation, Inc.)

Miss Cathryn E. Hoehn 

(The Hoehn Family 

 Charitable Trust)

Mr. Hubert N. Hoffman III

(Hoffman Management Company)

Mr. Thomas E. Hoffman

Hogan & Hartson

Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office

Sir Joseph Hotung

Nora Hsu and Barry C. Davis

Philippa P.B. Hughes and 

 Dr. David R. Hughes

David and Johanna Hurley

Miss Elizabeth Ann Hylton

Mark and Carol Hyman

Iced Media

I.D.E.O. Product Development

International Fund for Animal Welfare

Mr. Kazuharu Ishida

Suzanne Denbo Jaffe

Robert L. and Anne K. James‡

Ms. Wendy Jeffers and 

 Mr. Anthony Orphanos

Mr. Charles Edward Johnson 

(The Charlotte and Edward K. 

Wheeler Foundation)

Mr. and Mrs. Mark J. Johnson

Mr. and Mrs. Evan Jones

Mr. Thomas Graham Kahn 

(The Helen Matchett deMario 

 Foundation, Inc.)

Rita J. and Stanley H. 

 Kaplan Foundation, Inc. 

Karma Foundation

Mrs. Marjorie Kartinos

Mr. Michael Kassan

Sheldon and Audrey Katz

The Charles and Agnes Kazarian 

 Eternal Foundation

Ms. Anne B. Keiser and 

 Dr. Douglas M. Lapp

Henry B. & Jessie W. Keiser 

 Foundation, Inc.

The David Woods Kemper 

 Memorial Foundation‡

Dona S. Kendall‡

Mr. and Mrs. Donald R. Keough

Mr. James V. Kimsey 

(Kimsey Foundation)

Mr. and Mrs. Norman V. Kinsey

Dr. Rebecca Klemm

Mr. Andrew Kossow

Mr. Pete Kourtis

Dr. Victor and Ada Kugajevsky

Mr. and Mrs. John W. Kunstadter 

(Albert Kunstadter Family 

 Foundation)

L2 Lounge*

Cynthia Muss Lawrence

Mr. Bruce Leighty

Theodore W. and Barbara Ann Libbey

Mr. John M. Liebes

Dr. Bert Lies and Ms. Rosina Yue

Mr. Michael Smith Liss

Mr. and Mrs. Meredith J. Long

Love’s

Ms. Kayrene Lunday

Peter and Paula Lunder‡

Macro International Inc.

Ms. Laura Magee

Mr. and Mrs. Creighton R. Magid

The Honorable and 

 Mrs. Frederic V. Malek

Mrs. Linda Marcus

Mr. Terence H. Marshall

Mr. and Mrs. David B.H. Martin, Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. Frank Martucci‡

Mass Operating, LLC

Mrs. Barbara Mathes 

(Barbara Mathes Gallery, Inc.)

Bruce and Jolene McCaw

Tom and Brenda McDaniel

Gilbert and Jaylee Mead 

(Gilbert and Jaylee 

 Mead Family Foundation)

Herman and LaDonna Meinders

Menconi & Schoelkopf Fine Art

Metropolitan Home

Mr. Bob Miller

Mrs. Marie B. Miller

Ms. Rebecca A. Miller and 

 Mr. Christopher J. Vizas II

Mr. Arthur J. Mirante II

Mr. Robert J. Mittman

Mr. and Mrs. Charles H. Moore‡

Admiral and Mrs. Roscoe M. Moore, Jr.

Robert L. Morelli Foundation

Ms. Charlotte Moss and 

 Mr. Barry S. Friedberg

Mr. Hanno Mott

Mr. Stanley Motta

Mr. Fables Wildlife Conservation Fund 

“Footsteps”

Mrs. Barbara R. Munves

Helen M. Murway

National Center for Family Literacy

National Congress of American Indians

Native Americans in Philanthropy

Ms. Katherine M. Nicholson

Mr. and Mrs. William A. Nitze

Mr. and Mrs. Wilson Nolen

Mr. Ronald Norick 

(Oklahoma City Community 

 Foundation)

Occidental Petroleum Corporation

Oceanic Graphic Printing (USA), Inc.

Ms. Yoshie Ogawa

Ms. Julie G. O’Keefe 

(The Grayhorse Group Inc.)

Organic Soul Multicultural 

 Marketing Inc.

Pacific Coast Companies, Inc.

Panda Express

Mr. Jack S. Parker‡

Parsa Community Foundation

David and Doris Pawson

Mr. and Mrs. Frank H. Pearl 

(Pearl Family Fund)

Pearson Art Foundation Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. Roger D. Percy

Ms. Brenda Toineeta Pipestem

Mr. William H. Plank

Polshek Partnership Architects

Mrs. Charles Price

Mr. Richard James Price

Ms. Judy Lynn Prince

Printing Industries of America, Inc.

Anthony and Jeanne Pritzker 

 Family Foundation

Puerto Rico Convention Bureau

Ms. Sarah Pyle

Mr. Enrico L. Quarantelli

Ms. Christina Rifkin

Mary Livingston Ripley 

 Charitable Lead Trust

Toni A. Ritzenberg

The Aileen K. and Brian L. Roberts 

 Foundation

Suzanne F. and Ralph J. Roberts 

 Foundation

Ms. Jane Washburn Robinson

Room Service Furniture and 

 Event Rentals*

Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin M. Rosen 

(The Benjamin M. Rosen Family 

 Foundation)

Mr. Bruce E. Rosenblum

Mr. Mark Rosman

Alfred and Jane Ross Foundation

Tom and Bonnie Rosse 

(Rosse Family Charitable 

 Foundation, Inc.)

Mr. and Mrs. Matthew V. Roswell

Mr. and Mrs. D. Collins Roth

Mr. and Mrs. Nicholas C. Ruffin

Joyce and Donald Rumsfeld Foundation

The Arthur M. Sackler Foundation

The Safer-Fearer Fund in the New York 

 Community Trust

Mrs. Lily Safra

SAGE

Saks Fifth Avenue

John and Virginia Sall

Mr. Daniel H. Sallick

Mr. Luis Filipe Ferreira Bento Santos

Mrs. Sandra K. Schlachtmeyer

Robert L. and Mary T. Schneider

Science Applications International 

 Corporation

Ms. Dolores A. Sena

Serta Mattress Company

Ms. V. Heather Sibbison

Mr. Robert E. Slater

The Honorable Rodney E. Slater and 

 Mrs. Slater

Mr. Gregory A. Smith

The Soling Family Foundation

Mrs. Helen B. Spaulding‡

R. Julian and Margaret A. 

 Stanley Charitable Trust

Margaret and Terry Stent

Joan and Marx Sterne

Mrs. William C. Storey

The Strachan Foundation

Ms. Stephanie Strass and 

 Mr. Carlton Neville

Mr. Jerry Straus 

(Hobbs, Straus, Dean & Walker)

Mrs. Elizabeth Strong-Cuevas 

 Sutherland

Dr. Michael M. and Janice R. Sveda

Amanda and George Sykes

Teatro Goldoni*

Mr. and Mrs. William Teel

Mr. Richard E. Thompson

Flora L. Thornton Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Ranvir K. Trehan

Ms. Mamuka Tsereteli 

(Georgian Association in the 

 United States of America)

Lillian Scheffres Turner and 

 Stephen R. Turner, Ph.D.

UIDA Business Services 

(National Center for American 

 Indian Enterprise Development)

Ullman Family Partnership

Richard and Barbara Umbdenstock

United Dance Merchants of America

United States Department of 

 Agriculture

University of Maryland College Park 

 Foundation

University of Texas at El Paso

U.S. China Business Council

Mr. Jan van der Lande 

(Kikkerland Design, Inc.)

Mr. and Mrs. Carl R. Varblow 

(Varblow Family Foundation)

Venable Foundation

ViaGen, Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. Ladislaus von Hoffmann

Ms. Kelly Vrana

Waka Foundation

Mr. John E. Walsh

Mr. Paul F. Walter

Mr. and Mrs. Anthony Wang 

(The Shoreland Foundation)

Lew O. Ward

Joan Washburn (Washburn Gallery)

Washington Dulles International 

 Airport Rotary Club

The Washington Metropolitan Area 

 Transit Authority*

The Washington Post Company

Welfare Foundation for Social and 

 Cultural Affairs

Mr. James Wendelken

Mrs. Franc Wertheimer

Mr. Peter I. Wexler

Mr. Jack Wheeler

White and Case

Ms. Estelle R. Wolf

Tiger Woods Foundation

World Wildlife Fund

Mr. Gary Wygant 

(Coca-Cola Enterprise Bottling 

 Company)

Mr. and Mrs. Robert Yellowlees 

(Yellowlees Family Fund)

Mr. Craig Zanon

Ms. Katie M. Ziglar and 

 Mr. Dickinson Jenkins Miller

$2,000 or more

Anonymous

3M

Mr. and Mrs. Ernest B. Abbott

Mrs. Louis Aborn

Mr. Hugh T. Adams

Addison Design Company

Mr. and Mrs. Adewale Adeosun

Mr. Alan Adler

Aerospace Services International

Mr. and Mrs. James E. Akins

Ralph and Birdie Albers

Phil Alexandre (Alexandre Gallery)

Mr. and Mrs. William C. Allbert

Alliance for Downtown New York, Inc.

Allstate Insurance Companies

Ms. Carolyn Small Alper

Mrs. Marilynn Alsdorf

Mr. and Mrs. Samuel A. Alward

American Institute of Graphic Arts

American Physical Therapy Association

Mr. and Mrs. William S. Anderson 

(William S. and Janice R. 

 Anderson Foundation)

Mr. Harold Andrus

Apple Computer, Inc.

Arizona State University Foundation

Bunty and Tom Armstrong

Mr. and Mrs. Tom B. Arundel

Asian Grille*

Ms. Madeline Weinrib Atelier

Embassy of Australia*

Ms. Jeanne Azen

Mr. Peter Bacanovic

Ballard Spahr Andrews & Ingersoll, LLP

Mr. and Mrs. Robert F. Bangert

Barbara Bantivoglio 

Mr. and Mrs. Albert H. Barclay

Dr. and Mrs. John W. Barrett

Mr. and Mrs. Robert A. Bartlett, Jr.

Baskin-Robbins USA, Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. Everett H. Bayliss

Mr. and Mrs. T.E. Beck, Jr.

The Honorable Anthony C. Beilenson 

and Mrs. Beilenson

The Dorothy G. Bender Foundation

John and Marinka Bennett

Dr. John Benson

Mr. Thomas K. Berger

Mrs. Ruth Biggerstaff Berman

Mr. John S. Bevan

Bibliomania!

Ms. Jackie Blum

Barbara and William Boger

Mr. and Mrs. Peter Q. Bohlin

Mr. and Mrs. William J.D. Bond

Mrs. Howard M. Booth

Louise Bourgeois Trust

Mr. Stephen S. Bowen

Dr. and Mrs. William B. Boyd

Mr. and Mrs. John M. Bradley‡

Ms. Patricia A. Bradley

Alice Huchting Bragg

Mr. and Mrs. Richard Braun

Bresler Family Foundation

Mr. Charles Brickbauer and 

 Mr. Bernhard Hildebrandt

Dr. and Mrs. John B. Brough

Mr. and Mrs. Christopher Buck

Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth A. Buckfire

Dr. John H. Buckner

Mr. Andrew Bullion

Mr. and Mrs. I. Townsend Burden III

Ms. Rita Burke

Mr. Jason Burnett (Burnett Family Fund)

Bushnell Sports Optics Worldwide

Cabot Creamery

California Tortilla

Capital Community News

Capital Q*

The Carlyle Group

Virginia O. Carosi

Mr. Dickie Carter 

(Urban Service Systems Corporation)

Mr. Thomas H. Castro

Central Park Zoo

Capt. Eugene A. Cernan

Chevy Chase Land Company

City Club of Washington*

Mr. A. James Clark 

(Clark Charitable Foundation)

The Honorable Jeannine Smith Clark 

and Dr. Charles H. Clark‡

Mr. and Mrs. Anthony A. Clifton

Mr. and Mrs. Wilmer Cody

Mr. and Mrs. Lauren Colby

Coleopterists Society

Colgate-Palmolive Company

Mr. and Mrs. Daniel F. Collins‡

Mr. Ray Colliver

Tom and Noel Congdon‡

Ms. Catherine M. Conover

Mr. Richard P. Cooley

Dr. Ronald M. Costell and 

 Ms. Marsha E. Swiss

Melissa Courtney

Mr. Douglas S. Cramer

Patrisha C. Creevy, PAC

Mr. Andrew Cullinan

Betty Cuningham Gallery

Karen L. Daigle, MD

General and Mrs. J.R. Dailey

Ms. Carol J. Davis

Mrs. Alexandra de Borchgrave

Mrs. Roberto de Guardiola

Ms. Laura de Jaager

Mr. Walter De Logi

Jane DeBevoise and Paul Calello

Barbara and Jim Demetrion

Mr. and Mrs. Arun K. Deva

Mr. and Mrs. George Dillon‡

DLA Piper US LLP

Mr. and Mrs. Dale F. Dorn 

(Joseph H. Thompson Fund)

Ms. Kathleen M. Doyle 

(William Doyle Galleries)

Ms. Lacy Davisson Doyle 

Dreyers

Ms. Mary N. Dryden

Mr. and Mrs. Raymond DuBois

Dulles Foundation Club

Mr. and Mrs. Charles A. Duncan

Edge Research*

Ms. Jean Efron

Elderhostel Inc.

The Enchanted Garden Studio of 

 Ridgefield, CT

Mr. and Mrs. Richard England

Mr. Xavier Fco. Equihua

Mr. and Mrs. Giuseppe Eskenazi

Mr. and Mrs. James G. Evans, Jr.

Ms. Jessie Ewing

Mr. and Mrs. A. Huda Farouki

Farr Miller & Washington LLC

Ms. Gabriela Febres-Cordero

Robert and Betsy Feinberg

Clinton and Elaine Fields

The Fifth Floor Foundation

FIJI Artesian Water*

Mr. Joe Fisher

Ms. Sonia Florian 

(The Northern Trust Company)

Forest City Rather Companies 

Ms. Jacqueline Fowler

The Henry J. Fox Trust

Mr. Robert Frasca

Donors to the Smithsonian

Recognizing Our Benefactors 
46

‡ Smithsonian National Board Alumnus

47

* Partial or full gift in-kind

Mr. and Mrs. Eric Potts Fraunfelter‡

Mr. Giorgio Furioso

Dr. Cheryl R. Ganz

The Gem, Lapidary & Mineral Society 

of Washington, D.C., Inc.

Georgetown University

Ms. Lucy Gettman

Mr. and Mrs. Craig Gildner

Ellen Glassman Docent Fund

The GMK Family Fund

Ms. Sibyl R. Golden

Mr. J. Mark Goode

Dr. Margaret A. Goodman

Dr. and Mrs. Ronald Goodman

Mr. and Mrs. Temple Grassi

Joanne T. Greenspun

Ms. Pamela Greer

Mr. Harry Grubert

Mr. Erwin M. Gudelsky

Mr. and Mrs. Bruce Guthrie

Ms. Elizabeth W. Gwinn

Nancy E. Gwinn and John Y. Cole

Ms. Virginia Hamister

Mark and Stephanie Handwerger

Mrs. Marjory R. Hansen

Mr. and Mrs. Marion Edwyn Harrison‡

Harry’s Fresh Squeezed Juices*

Mr. and Mrs. Richard C. Hedreen

Mr. and Mrs. Brian J. Heidtke 

(The Heidtke Foundation, Inc.)

Heineken USA Inc.*

Mr. Alan J. Heller

Gloria E. Bozeman Herndon, Ph.D.

Ms. Rose Herrmann

Ms. Caroline R. Herron and 

 Mr. Jonathan E. Canis

Mr. and Mrs. I. Michael Heyman

Mr. and Mrs. Samuel J. Heyman 

(Annette Heyman Foundation, Inc.)

High Energy Holdings, LLC*

Dr. Susan Hobbs and Mr. Gerald Toner

Mr. and Mrs. Keith M. Hoffman

The Home Depot, Inc.

Mrs. Dorothy Hopper

Ms. Nettie A. Horne and Mr. S. Haynes

Horne Family Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Horning, Jr.

Mr. Eric R. Horowitz

Ms. Virginia G. Hough

Howat Family Foundation 

(John and Anne Howat)

The Humanities Council of 

Washington DC

Mrs. Edith A. Hunt (Hunt Family Fund)

The Honorable Bonnie McElveen Hunter

Imagination Stage

Indique Heights*

Information Development Company, LTD

Mr. Karl Irons

Dr. Martin J. Irvine

Dr. Richard Isaacson

Mr. Sebastian Izzard 

(Sebastian Izzard LLC)

Mr. and Mrs. David S. Jernigan

Mr. Philip C. Jessup, Jr. and 

 Dr. Helen I. Jessup

Mr. Ken Johnson

Bob and Lynn Johnston

Mr. and Mrs. Michael B. Jones

Mr. Michael S. Jones

Joseph Allen Images*

Mr. and Mrs. Stanton Jue

Mr. Alan Robert Kabat

Ms. Melinda Kaiser

Mr. and Mrs. Louis Kaplan

Mr. George Kaufman

Mr. and Mrs. Pradman Kaul 

(The Kaul Family Foundation)

Mr. Clinton W. Kelly

Ms. Marie-Louise Kennedy

Ms. Kimberly V. Kimball

Mr. and Mrs. Allan Kirk-Singer

Mr. William Kissinger

Knoedler & Company

Knoll, Inc.

Mrs. Seymour H. Knox III

Ms. Deborah Knuckey

Dr. and Mrs. Wilfred R. Konneker

The Kraemer Family, Antiquaires - Paris

Kraft Foods

Kraushaar Galleries

Ms. Robyn S. Kravit

Ms. Anne E. Kreamer and 

 Mr. Kurt B. Andersen

The Kresge Foundation

Mr. James Kubota

Mr. Mark A. Kuller

Dr. Richard Kurin

Mr. and Mrs. Vello Kuuskraa 

(Advanced Resources International)

Mr. and Mrs. Philip Lader

LaMexicana Bakery*

Latin Concepts

The Lauder Foundation, Leonard 

and Evelyn Lauder Fund

Mr. Randy Lazarus 

(Humedco Corporation)

Ms. Denise C. LeClair-Robbins

Mrs. Amanda Leiter

Ms. Denise Riedel Lewis

Ellen Liman (Liman Foundation)

Mr. and Mrs. Robert E. Linton

Tommy and Gill LiPuma

Louis Stern Fine Arts

Mr. Timothy Lynch

The Honorable John D. Macomber and 

 Mrs. Macomber (John D. 

 Macomber Fund)‡

Ms. Phyllis Mailman 

(The Mailman Foundation, Inc.)

Mr. William H. Mandel

Nancy and John Mannes

Ms. Nancy D. Marek

Mr. David L. Marra

Mr. and Mrs. James H.T. McConnell, Jr.

Mr. Charles McDonough

Ms. C. Gardner McFall and 

 Mr. Peter F. Olberg

Scott and Hella McVay‡

Mr. Gregory Melanson and 

 Mr. Daniel Anderson

Ms. Lolo Mengel

The Honorable Marilyn Logsdon 

 Mennello and Michael A. Mennello

Ms. Monica M. Michael

Mr. and Mrs. William Michaelcheck

Louise Middlemiss

Mr. Sidney Migdon

Mr. and Mrs. Carl Mikuletzky

Mr. Alan S. Miller

Lawrence and Iris Miller

Mr. Samuel C. Miller

Mr. and Mrs. Babak Minovi

Mr. Philip W. Mirabelli

Ms. Jane G. Mitchell

Ms. Joan Mitchell

Mr. and Mrs. Walter F. Mondale 

(Elmore Foundation of the 

 Saint Paul Foundation)

Mrs. Betty M. Montgomery

Mr. and Mrs. Walter Moore

Mrs. Diane Morris

Drs. Douglas and Susan Morrison

Ms. Patricia Morton

Dr. Yolanda T. Moses and 

 Mr. James Bawek

Mr. and Mrs. James Mrazek 

(Frost and Noble Foundation)

Mr. Thomas D. Mullins‡

Mr. and Mrs. Guy Muzio 

(Muzio Family Foundation)

Ms. Diana K. Myers

Mr. R.J. Narang

Shekar and Charu Narasimhan

National Association of Postal 

 Supervisors

National Beer Wholesalers Association

The National Capital Bank of 

Washington

National Indian Health Board

National League of Postmasters

National Philatelic Exhibitions of 

Washington, D.C., Inc.

Ms. Juliana Nedd

Mr. John B. Newman

Mr. Audrey Newton

Niabi Zoological Society

Halsey and Alice North

Northern Piedmont Community 

 Foundation

Ms. Cheryl Glickfield Numark 

(Glickfield Family Foundation)

Mr. Joseph Nusbaum

Ocean Park Conservation Fund, 

 Hong Kong

Andrew Oliver and Melanie Du Bois

The One Campaign

Ms. Helene V. O’Neal

Mr. and Mrs. Donald Oresman

Mr. John B. Osborn

Ambassador Mary and 

 Mr. Mandell J. Ourisman‡

Dian Graves Owen Foundation

Rick Owens

Mr. Marc Pachter

PALCUS

Ms. Martha Parrish

Mr. and Mrs. Malcolm Peabody

Peace Corps

Mr. Paul L. Peck‡

Ms. Laura Peebles

Mr. J. Roby Penn IV

Mr. and Mrs. Roy Perry III

William and Antoinette Peskoff 

Mr. Charles M. Pigott‡

Ms. Christine Pitts

Embassy of Portugal

The Principia Corporation

Ms. Jenelle C. Prins

Prophet

David and Cheryl Purvis‡

Mr. Rangappa Rajendra and 

 Mrs. Sarva M. Rajendra

Mr. and Mrs. Tim Ramsey

Rand Construction

Carol-Bird Ravenal, Ph.D. 

Earl C. Ravenal, Ph.D. 

Ms. Sanae Iida Reeves

Allan and Lynne Reich

Rhode Island School of Design

Mrs. Casey Ribicoff

Mr. and Mrs. Jim Richman 

(Richman Family Foundation)

Marie W. Ridder

Miss Elizabeth Candida Ridout

Mr. Leonard S. Riggio 

(The Riggio Foundation)

Ritz Camera Centers

Mr. Joseph E. Robert III

Dr. Dorothy Robins-Mowry

Rochdale Investment Management LLC

Rona and Richard Roob

Mr. and Mrs. Francis C. Rooney, Jr.

Ms. Jena Roscoe

Joseph Rosen Foundation

Leonard G. Rosen Charitable Gift Fund

Buddy Rosenthal Docent Fund

Mr. E. John Rosenwald, Jr. 

(Monterey Fund, Inc.)

Dr. Marc Rothenberg 

(Society for the History of 

 Technology)

Mr. and Mrs. Jeremy Rubenstein

Ms. Sue Ruff

Nancy and Clive Runnells‡

Mr. Vincent Sagart

Mr. and Mrs. Ted Salas

Mr. Michael J. Saylor

Mr. Barry Scher

Mrs. Walter Scheuer

Col. and Mrs. James M. Schroeder

Seattle Indian Health Board

Security Moving and Storage Company

Vince and Leah Sedwick

The Abe and Kathryn 

 Selsky Foundation, Inc.

Mr. Patrick Seymour

Mr. Michael J. Shannon

Mrs. Barbara Stern Shapiro and 

 Mr. Bernard S. Shapiro

Mr. Cameron M. Shay 

(James Graham and Sons, Inc.)

Mr. Peter L. Sheldon

Shorb Land and Development 

 Company, Inc.

Ms. Virginia Shore and 

 Mr. Thomas Hardart

Mrs. Joan S. Siedenburg

Juliet Lea Hillman Simonds Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Brad L. Skinner

Dr. Herbert Sloan

Ms. Alicia W. Smith

Mr. and Mrs. Darrell Smith

Mr. and Mrs. E. Maynard Smith‡

Kathy Daubert Smith‡

Mr. and Mrs. W. Dean Smith

Mr. and Mrs. Jerry Snow

Mr. Andrew Solomon and 

 Mrs. John Habich Solomon

Mr. Richard H. Solomon (Pace Primitive)

Solow Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Serge Sorokko

Mr. and Mrs. Edson W. Spencer‡

Spink USA Inc.

Ms. Pat Steir

Ms. Sheila D. Stinson

Mr. and Mrs. Max D. Stites

Ms. Carol Kay Stocker

Mr. and Mrs. George Stone

Mr. Eric Streiner

Style and Image Network*

Subway 

Sandra L. Sully

Susan Magrino Agency

Mr. Leland Swaner

Ms. Patricia S. Swaney

Tallula Restaurant & Eatbar*

Patricia and Henry Tang

Mr. Steven B. Tanger

Tell Foundation

Mr. George R. Thompson

Mr. and Mrs. John A. Thompson

Times Square Alliance

TowPath Renewable Ventures

Ms. Cynthia Merrifield Tripodi

Mr. and Mrs. Peter R. Tyson

Ms. Dana Van Loon

Ms. Monique Van Stiphout and 

 Mr. Justin Connealy

Velsor Properties LLC

Virginia Tourism Corporation

Wabash College

Ms. Paula Wallace, Savannah College 

of Art and Design

Walt Disney World Company

Ms. Barbara Ann Watkins

Ms. Mary Alice Waugh

Ray T. Weeks

Ms. Harriet Weintraub

Mr. John Whitaker

The Whitehead Foundation‡

Mr. J. Scott Wilfong 

(SunTrust Banks, Inc.)

Ms. Leslie S. Wilkes and 

 Ms. Marzanne Claiborne

Robert Willasch

Mr. John Wilmerding

Mr. and Mrs. Thomas S. Woodson

Ms. Josephine Keating Woodward

Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Wyeth

SMITHSONIAN

CORPORATE MEMBERS

Corporate memberships forge dynamic 

ties with businesses nationwide and 

provide important unrestricted support 

to Smithsonian education, research, 

and exhibition initiatives.

3M

Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc.

Altria Group, Inc.

American Express

Arthur Pearl Investment Co., LLC

Battelle 

Bayer 

Booz Allen Hamilton 

The Carlyle Group

CB Richard Ellis, Inc.

Center for Sustainable Energy

CH2M Hill Companies, Ltd.

Christie’s

The Chrysler Foundation

The City University of New York

Clark Construction Group, LLC

The Coca-Cola Company

Con Edison

Condé Nast Publications, Inc.

ConocoPhillips

Convent of the Sacred Heart

Deutsche Bank

DuPont

The ELLE Group

ExxonMobil 

Fannie Mae

Fidelity Investments

The Financial Services Roundtable

Ford Motor Company Fund

Freeport-McMoRan Copper and 

 Gold Inc.

Fulbright & Jaworski L.L.P.

Gaylord Entertainment Foundation

General Electric Company

Goldman, Sachs & Co.

H. Stern

Honeywell 

IBM Corporation

The I. Grace Company, Inc.

Jack Kelly & Partners

Johnson & Johnson

Kansas City Southern

Knoll, Inc.

KPMG LLP

Lehman Brothers

Liz Claiborne Inc.

Maharam

Mars, Incorporated

McKinsey & Company, Inc.

Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc.

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

Microsoft Corporation

The Moody’s Foundation

NACS - The Association for 

 Convenience Stores & Petroleum 

 Retailing

Omni Shoreham Hotel 

PEPCO

Pershing LLC

Pfizer Inc

Premium Distributors of 

Washington, DC L.L.C.

Russian American Arts Foundation, Inc.

S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc.

Saint-Gobain Ceramics

sanofi-aventis

Sidwell Friends School

Siemens Building Technologies 

Siemens 

Sony Corporation of America

Southern Company

Sprint Nextel Corporation

Steel Cloud, Inc.

The Stratford Company

Target

Teachers College

Texas Instruments Incorporated

Time Equities, Inc.

Trevor Day School

United Airlines 

USM Modular Furniture

Velsor Properties, LLC

Volunteer Lawyers for the Arts

The Walt Disney Company

Whole Foods Market

Xerox Corporation

Young Presidents’ Organization

Donors to the Smithsonian

Recognizing Our Benefactors 
48 49

JAMES SMITHSON

SOCIETY, 

THE CONTRIBUTING

MEMBERSHIP

James Smithson Society members share 

a deep commitment to the advancement 

of the Smithsonian through their dues 

and special gifts. List shows members as 

of September 30, 2008.

Guild Members 

$10,000 or more

Anonymous (3)

Claudia R. Allen and Willis M. Allen, Jr. § 

Judy Hart Angelo and John M. Angelo § 

Mr. Philip F. Anschutz 

(The Anschutz Foundation) § 

The Jean Axelrod Memorial Foundation* 

Barbara and Craig Barrett § 

Mr. J. Kevin Buchi and 

 Dr. Kathleen M. Buchi* 

Peggy and Ralph Burnet § 

Hacker and Kitty Caldwell § 

Mr. and Mrs. Michael A. Callen* 

Mr. and Mrs. Richard O. Campbell § 

Mr. Thomas H. Castro § 

Dr. Thomas A. Cellucci* 

L. John and Judy Clark 

Mr. and Mrs. Peter Claussen § 

Julia and Frank Daniels, Jr. § 

Jim and Janet Dicke § 

Mr. and Mrs. Charles D. Dickey, Jr. § 

Mr. and Mrs. Michael D. Eisner 

(The Eisner Foundation) § 

Mr. and Mrs. William Fisher § 

Mr. and Mrs. Peter L. Frechette* 

Mr. Bradford M. Freeman § 

Mr. and Mrs. John French III § 

Mr. Cary J. Frieze and Mrs. Rose Frieze 

Patricia and Phillip Frost § 

Mr. and Mrs. Carl S. Gewirz* 

Mr. and Mrs. John Paul Gill 

The Frederic C. Hamilton 

 Family Foundation § 

Mr. and Mrs. Michael R. Haverty 

(Kansas City Southern) § 

Catherine and Richard W. Herbst § 

Irene Y. Hirano § 

Mr. and Mrs. Laurence Hirsch 

Steven and Jane Hoch § 

Ruth S. Holmberg § 

Judy and Bob Huret § 

Nancy and Rich Kinder, Kinder Foundation § 

Lt. Colonel and Mrs. William K. Konze 

Ms. May Liang and Mr. James Lintott* 

Peter and Paula Lunder § 

Mr. and Mrs. Robert D. MacDonald § 

Elizabeth and Whitney MacMillan § 

Mr. and Mrs. John W. Madigan 

(Madigan Family Foundation) § 

John and Adrienne Mars*§ 

Margery and Edgar Masinter § 

Mr. and Mrs. Augustus C. Miller § 

Marie E. Minnich, M.D. and 

 Stephen J. Minnich, M.D.* 

Mr. and Mrs. Charles H. Moore § 

Lester S. and Enid W. Morse* 

Mr. Paul Neely § 

Mr. and Mrs. Morris W. Offit § 

Mr. and Mrs. Russell E. Palmer, Jr. § 

Mr. James D. Parker 

Mr. and Mrs. Edwin Phelps* 

Mr. and Mrs. William M. Ragland, Jr. 

(Triangle Community Foundation) § 

Philip and Elizabeth Reed* 

Helen M. Reinsch* 

The Honorable Ronald A. Rosenfeld and 

 Mrs. Rosenfeld (Rosenfeld Family 

 Charitable Foundation)*§ 

Tony Rosenthal and Ruth Ganister 

Mr. and Mrs. Douglas R. Scheumann § 

Mr. and Mrs. Richard T. Schlosberg III § 

Paul and Deane Shatz* 

David and Lyn Silfen Foundation § 

Dee M. Studler and Ronald Mund* 

Mr. and Mrs. Kelso F. Sutton 

(Kelso F. and Joanna L. Sutton Fund) § 

Mr. and Mrs. James C. Taylor § 

The Ruth and Vernon Taylor Foundation, MT § 

Mr. Douglas C. Walker § 

Mallory and Diana Walker § 

Mr. George A. Weiss* 

Betty Rhoads Wright* 

Council members 

$5,000 or more

Anonymous (14)

Warren Ross Anderson* 

The Arctica and Abbey Foundation 

Robert and Dawn Birmingham 

Barbara and James Block* 

James E. Borleis* 

The Honorable Stephen F. Brauer and 

 Mrs. Brauer (Stephen F. & Camilla T. 

 Brauer Charitable Trust)*§ 

Ms. Anne M. Brimberg 

Mark and Janice Buffler* 

Donald W. Carl* 

Judith L. Cherwinka 

Dr. and Mrs. David A. Cofrin* 

Christopher Cope and Jamie Shaw 

Ms. Eva R. Cordes* 

Don and Fin Cotton 

Ms. Allison Stacey Cowles and 

 Mr. Arthur Sulzberger § 

Mrs. T. Richard Crocker* 

Karen L. Daigle, MD* 

Dr. and Mrs. Worth B. Daniels 

(The Jane & Worth B. Daniels, Jr. Fund)* 

Mr. Richard Ditton 

Ralph and Patricia Dixon* 

Christopher Feldmann and 

 Laura Beauchamp 

Miss Pilar A. Garcia* 

Mr. Alfred Glassell III 

Joanne T. Greenspun* 

Mr. and Mrs. Franklin Haney, Jr. 

Mrs. David R. Heebner* 

Mr. and Mrs. John E. Herzog § 

Nora Hsu and Barry C. Davis* 

Mr. and Mrs. David Hugel 

David S. and Pat Jernigan* 

Jack Kay* 

Shelley Kay and Al Policicchio* 

Mr. James M. Kemper, Jr. § 

Mary Jane Kilhefner 

Marguerite and Gerry Lenfest § 

Dr. Jerrold Levy and Maria Arias* 

Dr. David Machuga 

Ms. Mary Martell and Mr. Paul Johnson* 

Mr. and Mrs. James H.T. McConnell, Jr. 

Richard and Vivian McCrary* 

Dennis and Patricia Miller 

Mr. Howard P. Milstein § 

Mr. and Mrs. Michael A. Moran* 

Helen M. Murway* 

Mr. and Mrs. William A. Nitze* 

Rich and Denise Pender* 

Jane Plimpton Plakias* 

Mrs. Charles L. Poor* 

Mrs. William E. Rapp* 

Mr. and Mrs. E.J. Reinsch 

Mr. and Mrs. Edward Hart Rice* 

Lewis and Cynthia Rink 

Edward H. Sachtleben* 

Ms. Susan Scanlan 

William A. and Heather W. Schoenborn* 

Madge Warden Selinsky* 

The Honorable Rodney E. Slater 

and Mrs. Slater § 

Mrs. Helen B. Spaulding § 

Sandra L. Sully* 

Mr. and Mrs. Jackson P. Tai § 

Frederick and Barbara Clark Telling 

William E. Thomas, Jr. 

Jay and Toshika Tompkins 

Ms. Linda Vandeloop* 

Jim and Richie Wright 

Ellen and Bernard Young*

Circle Members 

$3,500 or more

Anonymous (4)

Dr. Mayda Arias

Lucy and Rudy Arkin

Mr. and Mrs. G. Hall Barr 

Susan and Thomas Baxter* 

Dr. Tyson E. and Mrs. Katherine M. 

 Sutcliffe Becker 

Mr. and Mrs. Jason R. Beresford 

Dr. George P. and Bonnie M. Bogumill* 

Dr. Mark S. Box* 

Ms. Annelise Brand 

Robert F. Bulens* 

George E. and Clare M. Burch 

Ms. Constance Carter 

Kay L. Clausen* 

Cheryl Dronzek 

Mr. and Mrs. Richard England, Sr.* 

Charles and Sylvia Erhart* 

Richard and Cynthia Foster 

Dr. Kenneth P. Gorelick and 

 Mrs. Cheryl Opacinch Gorelick* 

Mrs. Mary J. Graves* 

Mr. Bernie Beiser* 

Pearl Bell and Colonel Billie G. Matheson 

Mr. and Mrs. Thomas E. Belshaw 

Mr. Jerome Belson 

Ms. Nancy Benson 

Mrs. Pegi W. Bernard 

David Bernstein and Deborah Brudno 

Susan and Craig Berrington 

Mr. Fred A. Berry 

Max N. and Heidi L. Berry § 

Mr. W.G. and Ms. F. Mathewson Black 

The Honorable Robert O. Blake and 

 Mrs. Blake* 

Mr. and Mrs. Robert Blancato 

Mr. John H. Blazek* 

Jonathan H. Boettger 

William M. Bomar* 

Margaret W. and William J.D. Bond 

Mrs. Howard M. Booth* 

Mr. Bennett Boskey* 

Mr. and Mrs. Allen R. Boutz 

Mr. Wayne Bowers 

Mrs. Jane C. Bradley § 

Mrs. Frances D. Bratton 

Professor and Mrs. James Breckinridge 

Charles and Fleur Bresler 

Dr. Karen Brock and Dr. Gil Brock 

Mrs. Agnes M. Brown 

Mr. and Mrs. David Brown 

Karen and Edward A. Burka 

Ms. Susan Burkhardt* 

Mr. and Mrs. Calvin Cafritz § 

Phyllis H. Carey 

Dr. William H. Casson 

Ralph J. Cazort* 

Vint and Sigrid Cerf 

Jonathan L. Chang* 

Pierre and Amy Chao 

Ms. Li Chu 

Ms. Virginia B. Clark and Mr. Lane Taylor 

Mr. and Mrs. J. Donald Cline 

Dale and Carole Cloyd 

Bruce E. Cobern 

Mr. and Mrs. Wilmer Cody § 

Mr. Frank Cogdell 

Melvin S. and Ryna G. Cohen* 

Mr. John K. Colgate, Jr. 

Ms. Ruth Boyer Compton 

William L. and Lucy Conley* 

Thomas S. Cook 

Lori Cooke-Marra* 

Richard P. Cooley § 

Dr. and Mrs. James A. Corwin* 

Mr. and Mrs. Arthur R. Crawford 

Patrisha C. Creevy, PAC 

Mr. and Mrs. Robert Crippen* 

Mrs. Leo C. Cunniff* 

Mr. Lawrence W. Davis 

Dr. and Mrs. Paul T. Davis* 

Ms. Gloria F. Dehart* 

Arthur and Isadora Dellheim Foundation* 

Mr. and Mrs. Bernard G. and 

 Susan A. Dennis, Jr. 

Geert M. DePrest and Laura Travis-DePrest* 

Dr. and Mrs. William DeVries 

Margot B. Dewart* 

Mr. Lee Dickerson 

Dennis O. Dixon* 

Jamie and Jana Gylden* 

David and Sandra Haas 

Mrs. Eileen Hamilton 

Ms. Virginia Hamister 

Mr. and Mrs. Kelly R. Harris 

Felicie and Paul Hartloff* 

Penny and Dean Hatten 

Patricia and Galen Ho 

Mrs. Robert Holmes 

Ms. Vicki Howard 

Dr. Rebecca Kenyon* 

Mr. and Mrs. Norman V. Kinsey* 

Mr. Wayne E. Kurcz* 

Ken and Ruthann Lehr 

Ms. Jeanie Linders 

George R. Marion 

Mr. and Mrs. Forrest E. Mars, Jr.* 

Virginia Cretella Mars* 

Jane and John Morrison § 

Ms. Marie L. Morrisroe 

The Donald R. Mullen Family Foundation, Inc. 

Mrs. Don Carr Musick* 

Robert Oaks* 

Mr. and Mrs. Tim Ramsey* 

Mrs. Catherine A. Rein 

Ms. Kristin Richardson § 

Toni A. Ritzenberg 

Joe and Jan Rivers 

Mr. and Mrs. Lewis Andrew Rothkopf 

Mr. and Mrs. Robert F.H. Sisson 

Robert D. Smith*

Patricia S. Swaney* 

Mary and Steven Swig* 

Craig and Catherine Weston* 

Gary S. and Lynne D. Wong 

Dr. and Mrs. Wallace C. Wu* 

Benefactor Members 

$2,000 or more

Anonymous (53)

Lucian Abernathy 

Neal B. Abraham and Donna L. Wiley 

Dr. and Mrs. Samuel Webster Adams* 

Ralph and Birdie Albers 

Mr. Terry L. Albertson and 

 Ms. Kathleen A. Blackburn* 

Mr. L. Thomas Aldrich 

Mr. Terry G. Aldridge 

Ms. Doris Alexander 

The Honorable Samuel Alito 

Mr. and Mrs. Frederick Allen III 

Mr. and Mrs. Lambert E. Althaver* 

William S. and Janice R. Anderson § 

Dr. and Mrs. Bryan Arling* 

Mr. Terry Atkinson 

Mr. and Mrs. Donald G. Avery 

Mrs. Elliot A. Baines* 

Steven C. and LaRae M. Bakerink 

Helen S. and Merrill L. Bank Foundation, Inc. 

Toby and Charlotte Barbey* 

Janine F. Barre* 

Rhoda and Jordan Baruch* 

John and Kathie Baumgart 

John and Sally Beals 

Mr. Thomas F. Beddow 

Michael and Tootie Beeman* 

Mr. and Mrs. James M. Beggs* 

Reverend James K. Donnell* 

Miranda and Robert Donnelley 

(The Donnelley Foundation) § 

Charles and Zully Dorr 

Ms. Debbie Driesman and Mr. Frank Islam 

Mr. and Mrs. W. John Driscoll 

Mr. and Mrs. Joel Eacker 

Mr. and Mrs. LeRoy Eakin III* 

Ms. Helen Eccleston* 

Adrienne M. Edens 

Mr. and Mrs. Dean S. Edmonds 

Miss Babs Eisman* 

Per E. Ellingsen* 

Dr. and Mrs. John Esswein* 

Marta P. and James G. Evans* 

Mr. and Mrs. John A. Farrall 

Christine R. Faser 

Mr. Jack K. Feirman* 

Dr. and Mrs. Leslie H. and Barbara F. Fenton 

John and Diane Ference 

Mr. and Mrs. James J. Ferguson 

Dr. and Mrs. Gerald Fischer 

Sandra J. Flowers, PhD 

Mary and Henry Flynt, Jr.* 

Phillip and Sara Fought 

Mrs. Bonnie S. Franklin 

Mr. and Mrs. Eric P. Fraunfelter § 

Michael Finan and Pamela Frazier 

Mrs. Charlton Friedberg* 

Ms. Virginia McGehee Friend* 

Mr. and Mrs. David Morgan Frost 

Charlotte Frye 

Mary and Larry Futchik* 

Ms. Kerry Galvin 

Mrs. Lois L. Gardiner* 

Kathy Buckman Gibson* 

Ian C. Gibson-Smith and David M. Womack 

Mr. Daniel Gilbert 

Karyn C. Gill and George McC. Gill, MD

Mr. and Mrs. Steven Glazer 

Dr. and Mrs. Clarence G. Glenn* 

Sarah and Seth Glickenhaus* 

Mr. Michael J. Glosserman 

Mr. Charles Goldsberry* 

Mr. and Mrs. Max Gonzenbach* 

Agnes M. Grady 

Doctors David and M.L. Oster Granite* 

Mr. and Mrs. John M. Green 

Heather and Michael Greenbaum 

Colonel Owen L. Greenblatt 

Mrs. Alton B. Grimes 

Mr. Erwin M. Gudelsky

Mr. Robert G. Gutenstein 

Mr. and Mrs. Bruce Guthrie

Cynthia Gutkowski and Stanley J. Gutkowski

Corbin Gwaltney* 

Shawn Hadley and Matt Moore

Ms. Lindsey Haggar* 

Mr. and Mrs. Bradley Hale* 

Adele and Donald Hall

Gloria Shaw Hamilton* 

Mr. Daniel Richard Hammond

Mark and Stephanie Handwerger

Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Jackson Harris

Daniel W. Harris

Mr. and Mrs. Marion Edwyn Harrison § 

Mrs. Parker T. Hart* 

James Smithson Society

Contributing Members and Friends Program

As one of the nation’s largest museum membership organizations, the Contributing Members and Friends program, now 

in its forty-third year, is a family of 91,000 loyal Smithsonian 

friends from across the nation. Member dues provided 

$14.1 million in support to the Institution in 2008, one of the 

Institution’s largest sources of unrestricted funds. Contributing 

Membership support helps advance programs and scholarship, 

share the nation’s treasures with the public, and further the 

Institution’s 162-year-old mission. Program participants 

enjoy member benefits that deepen their appreciation of the 

Smithsonian and its many accomplishments. 

For 32 years, James Smithson Society members have set an 

example of personal philanthropy by the generous support 

they provide the Institution. Their help enables the Smithsonian 

to achieve new levels of excellence in its exhibitions, scientific 

research, and areas such as preservation of collections and 

art scholarship.

Spread over 48 states and hailing from as far away as Europe, 

the Smithson Society’s 568 members enjoy access to the 

Smithsonian through an array of members-only programs that 

includes lectures, tours, special events, and receptions with 

Smithsonian leadership. The James Smithson Society Annual 

Members’ Weekend, always a highlight of the year, culminated 

in 2008 in an elegant black-tie dinner and reception in the 

Smithsonian Castle and the adjoining Enid A. Haupt Garden. 

This year, the Smithson Society contributed $1.47 million in 

unrestricted support to the Institution. 

The James Smithson Society Members’ Weekend attracted more than 350 attendees, 

including long-time members Bernard and Susan Dennis of Virginia (left) and William 

and Lela Poms of California (right), who visited at the welcome reception at the Robert 

and Arlene Kogod Courtyard of the Donald W. Reynolds Center for American Art 

and Portraiture. * James Smithson Society Sustaining Fellow

§ Smithsonian National Board member or alumnus

 Endowed Life member
50 51

Mr. H. Spencer Hart

Mr. and Mrs. Max E. Hartl* 

Dr. and Mrs. Herbert A. Hartman, Jr.

Ms. Jill Hartman

John Collins Harvey, MD

Dr. Constance N. Hayden, MD DDG

Mrs. Lucia M. Heard* 

Mrs. John Hechinger, Sr.* 

Ms. Corinne Heggli

Ms. Jeffrey Henn

Paul Hertelendy § 

Ms. Ann Herzog and Mr. Bill Thompson

Mr. and Mrs. I. Michael Heyman*§ 

Gloria Hidalgo* 

Mr. Robert Hildorf* 

The Hildreth Family

Mr. Roderick M. Hills* 

Nancy Lee Hindman

Mr. David Hoffenberg

Mr. and Mrs. Christian Hohenlohe

Mr. and Mrs. Wallace F. Holladay* 

Mrs. H. Earl Hoover* 

Mary W. Hopkins

Mr. and Mrs. Stephen A. Hopkins* 

William Logan Hopkins 

John A. Hoyda

Peg and Dick Hulit* 

Mrs. Philip Hulitar* 

Mrs. Peter D. Humleker, Jr.* 

Mr. and Mrs. William H. Hunter* 

Joshua Icore

Martha and Bronson Ingram Foundation

John B. Ippolito and 

 Diane M. Laird-Ippolito* 

Dr. William W. Ishee

Doctors Jay and Mary Anne Jackson

Ms. Susan C. Jackson

Mrs. Samuel C. Johnson* 

Mr. Andrew Joskow and 

 Ms. Lisa Sockett

Dr. and Mrs. Arnold Kaplin* 

Sheldon and Audrey Katz

Richard and Elaine Kaufman 

Stephen C. Keeble and Karen Depew 

Ms. Anne B. Keiser and 

 Dr. Douglas M. Lapp 

Mr. and Mrs. Robert Keith* 

Mr. Oliver Kellman 

John B. Kendrick and Emily M. Kendrick 

Mr. Thomas D. King, Jr. 

Mr. Christopher Kinsey 

Mr. and Mrs. Steve Kitchen* 

Susan L. Klaus 

James and Frances Knudson 

Mr. David H. Koch 

Mr. and Mrs. Michael A. Kriss* 

Dr. Terease Kwiatkowski 

Judge Marion Ladwig* 

Mrs. Stephens J. Lange* 

Janet E. Lanman 

Dr. and Mrs. William M. Layson* 

James and Beverly Leach* 

Mr. Keith Adam Leaman 

James and Constance Levi 

Ms. Canice Kelly Levin* 

Susan Lindemuth 

Mr. Robert R. Little* 

Mr. David A. Lloyd, Jr. 

Mr. Dan Longo* 

Shirley Loo* 

Mrs. Donald Lopez 

Mr. and Mrs. M. Gerald Loubier 

Frank J. Lukowski* 

Glen R. and Sally M. Lunde 

Mr. Sanford D. Lyons 

Mr. Thomas Macavoy 

Dr. Hugh Mainzer and 

 Ms. Jill Jarecki Mainzer 

The Honorable and Mrs. Frederic V. Malek 

Ms. Patricia Maloney 

Merriel Mandell 

Mr. Frank S. Marchilena 

Mr. and Mrs. Frank E. Mars 

Ms. Jacqueline Badger Mars* 

Major General Raymond E. Mason Jr. and 

 Margaret E. Mason* 

Wayne and Tina Mathews* 

Mr. James I. McAuliff* 

Emmett and Miriam McCoy 

Clayton and Kathleen McCuistion 

Suzanne O. McDougal* 

Mr. James D. McFarland 

Mr. David S. McGinness and 

 Ms. Kathy Thomas* 

Steve and Doris McGuire 

John R. McIntyre 

Richard T. McMurray 

Scott and Hella McVay § 

Mr. and Mrs. C.P. Mead* 

Mrs. Gilbert D. Mead 

Sue B. and Eugene Mercy, Jr.* 

Mr. Richard M. Merriman* 

Mrs. Elaine Milestone 

Mr. Paul F. Miller, Jr. and Ella Warren Miller 

Ms. Sharon Mills 

Frances Edmonds (Mohr) and Michael Mohr 

Mrs. Betty M. Montgomery 

William T. III and Lois Moran* 

Mr. and Mrs. Paul S. Morgan § 

Mr. Robert E. Mortensen 

Mr. John H. Moss* 

Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth F. Mountcastle* 

Richard and Cheryl Moxley 

Doctors Gary L. and Carolyn R. Mueller* 

Drs. James and Pamela Mulshine* 

Charles B. Nam* 

RADM and Mrs. David Nash 

Dr. Florence E. Nelson 

Ms. Vicki G. and John L. Nelson* 

Linda M. Newkirk 

David and Yoshie Nordling 

Ms. Deborah A. Norton* 

Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence C. Nussdorf* 

Mr. and Mrs. Merlin G. Nygren 

O’Connor and Hewitt Foundation 

Mr. Michael D. O’Dell and Ms. Judith Grass* 

Ms. M. Abigail O’Dess 

Mr. Peter O’Donnell, Jr. 

Mrs. Jack H. Okuda 

Dr. Jean L. Olson* 

Ms. Debra J. Osburne 

Mr. Jack S. Parker*§ 

John and Julie Parker* 

Robert S. Parker 

Michael L. Pate 

Mr. and Mrs. C.E. Peck* 

Ms. Laura Peebles 

H.O. Peet Foundation* 

Mrs. Kathryn Perry-Werner 

Susan Peters and Richard Lee* 

John L. Peterson* 

Frank and Janina Petschek Foundation 

Mr. Frank Phelan* 

Mr. Irving S. Phillips* 

Mr. and Mrs. James Pigott 

George and Sally Pillsbury*§ 

John Pitts, Sr.* 

Carol Pochardt 

Mr. Sydney M. Polakoff 

William and Lela Poms 

The Honorable Charles H. Price II and 

 Mrs. Price § 

Mr. Scott L. Probasco, Jr. 

David and Cheryl Purvis § 

Mr. and Mrs. Whayne S. Quin 

Mr. William Raduchel 

Dr. Matthew J. Raymond 

Mr. Brian J. Reddington 

Ms. Lola Reinsch and Mr. J. Almont Pierce 

Ivy and Stanley T. Relkin 

David and Cynthia Richards 

Mrs. Carlyn Ring* 

Mr. John Ringo 

Ms. Jean Robertson 

Nancy J. Robertson* 

Toni and Arthur Rock

G.W. Rollins 

John and Anne Rollins 

Mr. and Mrs. Francis C. Rooney, Jr. § 

Mr. Greg A. Rosenbaum 

David J. Rosenthal 

Mrs. Loretta Rosenthal 

Howard and Janice Rosser* 

Yvonne Roth* 

Mr. Raymond Roux 

Maryà Rowan* 

Dr. Thomas and Ilse Rubio 

Marcella and Tim Ruland 

Nancy and Clive Runnells § 

Dr. Sanbo S. Sakaguchi* 

Mr. Albert Sbar* 

Charles Schaefer* 

Ms. Renae Schmidt* 

Ms. Andrea Schnitzer 

Catherine F. Scott 

Ms. Micha Seelye 

Ms. Jean Sewell 

Mrs. David M. Shapiro* 

Shelby Shapiro 

Winslow T. Shearman 

Mr. and Mrs. J. Henry Sheffield 

Dr. Carol V. Sheldon and 

 Dr. Roger E. Sheldon* 

Mr. and Mrs. John W. Shepard 

Jon A. and Mary Shirley* 

Mr. Frank Shrontz* 

Mr. and Mrs. Theodore B. Shultz 

Mary Hudson Siciliano 

Shirley Phillips Sichel 

Charles Siegel 

Dr. Lionel J. Skidmore and 

 Dr. Jean M. Karle 

Mr. and Mrs. Sanford Slavin*

SMITHSONIAN

LEGACY SOCIETY

The Smithsonian Legacy Society honors 

those who carry on James Smithson’s 

tradition by making legacy gifts to the 

Institution, such as bequests, charitable 

gift annuities, charitable remainder trusts, 

pooled income fund gifts, gifts of 

retirement plans, or other giving vehicles.

Anonymous

Lucian Abernathy

Ralph and Birdie Albers

Ms. Doris Alexander

Stephen T. Alexieff

Claudia R. Allen and Willis M. Allen, Jr.

Ms. Ruth Alliger

Mr. Richard C. Andersen

Mr. Charles F.W. Anderson

Ms. Olga Anderson

William S. and Janice R. Anderson

Ms. Rae R. Anderson-Marsh

Thelma, Jeffrey and Gregory Antal

Ms. Beryl E. Arbit

Mark B. Ardis

Mrs. Ethel C. Armstrong

Mr. Orville M. Armstrong

Dr. and Mrs. Paul H. Arnaud, Jr.

Mary Arnold

Rudolph E. and Frances B. Atmus

Mr. Robert J. Atwater

Rose Marie Baab

Mr. and Mrs. William R. Baecht

Dr. Sheryl Bair

William C. and Nellie N. Baker

Lorraine Idriss Ball

Eugene C. and Phyllis T. Ballinger

Mr. Dale S. Barnett, Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. George L. Barquist

Captain Celia Barteau

LeRoy T. Baseman

Betty Passmore Bass

Mrs. Florence Baston

Colonel Wyley Baxter

Mr. Gary F. Beanblossom

Leslie Ellen Beller

Mrs. Betty J. Benham

Mr. William C. Benner

Ms. Joan Benson

Mr. and Mrs. Jason R. Beresford

Mrs. Susanna Berger

Thomas H. Blakey

August G. Blume

Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth W. Boggs

George and Bonnie Bogumill

Mr. and Mrs. William J.D. Bond

Ms. Kathryn Boomsma

Mark and Eileen Boone

Colonel Charles Botula III, USAF (Ret.) 

and Mrs. Susan K. Botula

Mrs. Gretchen B. Boyd

Ms. Jean Brackman

Dr. and Mrs. Douglas D. Bradley

Ms. Annelise Brand

Mr. James Brendel

Col. and Mrs. Arthur L. Brooke

Mrs. James J. Brown

Harris and Diane Bruch

Mr. and Mrs. James H. Bruns

Rogene A. Buchholz

Mr. and Mrs. J. Kevin Buchi

Dr. Martin A. Funk and Mr. Eugene S. Zimmer

Mr. Oscar Galeno

Mrs. H. Clay Gardenhire

Mr. Arthur W. Gardner

Aileen M. Garrett

Mr. David E. Garrett

Jane W. Gaston

Dr. Albert Gelderman and Dr. Martha Gelderman

Doris and Henry R. George

Ms. Iris J. Gibson

Mr. and Mrs. Douglas B. Gilbert

Mr. and Mrs. William Gjodesen

Mr. Gilbert W. Glass

Mr. Charles Goldsberry

Ms. Margaret K. Goldsmith

Mrs. Ruth H. Gooding

Mrs. Renee Goodstein

Ms. Margaret J. Grasston

Mrs. Taylor P. Grasty

Ralph Greenhouse

Joanne T. Greenspun

Mrs. Ruth Gresham

Alice L. Grindstaff

Lt. Col. and Mrs. Milton R. Gunther, USAF (Ret.)

Mr. Robert S. Guthrie

Valerie J. and D. Wilson Gyton

Mrs. Gloria Shaw Hamilton

Ms. Josephine B. Hammond

Mr. Ralph Hansen

Mrs. Marthajane Hapke

Mrs. Nancy M. Harlan

Mr. and Mrs. William R. Harmon

Mr. Christie G. Harris

Ms. Margery F. Harris

Ms. Carrie R. Harrison

Ms. D.L. Hasse

Roger D. Hathaway

Mr. William C. Hauber

Ms. Judy Hauser

Patricia and Michael Hausknost

Ms. Jennifer E. Hawley

Mr. Geoffrey F. Hayes

Ms. Helen Heidgerd

Wilbert A. Heinz

Mr. Richard D. Henderson

Miss Mildred Henninger

Lloyd E. Herman

Mr. and Mrs. Carl D. Herold

Ms. Gail Hershenzon

Mr. and Mrs. John E. Herzog

Ms. Berenice E. Hess

Dr. and Mrs. David C. Hess

Mr. Jeff Hill

Edward J. and Ruth W. Hodge

Miss K.T. Hoffacker

Ruth S. Holmberg

Robert W. Holmes

Ms. Hanna Lore Hombordy

Ray and Valerie Hopkins

Mr. William L. Hopkins and Mr. Richard B. Anderson

Catherine Marjorie Horne

Mrs. Lee Houchins

Ms. Brenda Howard

John and Anne Howat

Mrs. Edgar McPherson Howell

John Hoyda

Mr. Stuart M. Hughes

Captain Woodie W. Humburg

Dr. and Mrs. James C. Hunt

Mr. and Mrs. Milton M. Hyatt

Keith Jackson

Ms. Virginia Jaeger

Joseph C. Smith* 

Dr. Karl A. Smith 

Kathy Daubert Smith § 

Mrs. Mabelle Jean Smith

Mr. and Mrs. Maynard E. Smith §

Michael and Meg Smith 

Dr. and Mrs. Carl Soderstrom 

Guenther and Siewchin Yong Sommer 

Lieutenant Colonel Irene Sorrough* 

Mr. Tom Sourlis* 

Mr. and Mrs. Edson W. Spencer*§ 

Gustav and Mary Staahl 

Ms. Vicki S. Stafford 

Mr. Jack B. St. Clair* 

Mr. and Mrs. William C. Sterling, Jr.* 

Sam and Diane Stewart 

Shepard and Marlene Stone* 

Mrs. Richard Stratton* 

Ms. Betsy Strohecker 

John and Meredith Sullivan 

Mr. and Mrs. Peter J. Tanous* 

Mrs. Elizabeth Taylor 

Mr. and Mrs. Richard F. Teerlink* 

Pamela Templeton 

Margaret Tevis 

Miss Isabel Thomson* 

Tom and Mary Evelyn Tielking* 

Charles E. and Lois J. Toomer 

Jack and Claire Tozier 

The Honorable and Mrs. Russell E. Train 

Mrs. Helen Brice Trenckmann* 

Harvey S. Trop* 

Bryan Troutman and Margaret Fischer 

Joseph and Cynthia Urbano 

Peg Urvoas and Peri Marek 

Ms. Araceli R. Vargas* 

Mrs. Debra Vicharelli 

Dr. Muriel C. Vincent* 

Colonel Harold W. Vorhies 

Mrs. Lillian D. Vujanich 

Raymond Waite* 

Mr. and Mrs. George E. Warner* 

Mr. and Mrs. H. Thomas Watkins 

Mrs. Florence R. Watson* 

LeRoy Weber, Jr.* 

Mrs. Angela Caveness Weisskopf* 

Mr. Stephen J. Wessling

Mr. and Mrs. Ben White* 

Mrs. Donald White 

John K. White 

The Whitehead Foundation*§ 

Mr. Garnett Whitehurst 

Barry L. Widder 

Ambassador Howard and Rhonda Wilkins 

Mrs. Pat Wilmeth 

Ms. Nancy F. Wilson* 

Mr. J.D. Wimberly 

Mr. Mark Wolfendale 

Mr. Neal L. Wood* 

Anne and Tom Woodson 

David and Dianne Worley 

Diana G. Wortham* 

Ms. Gay Wray § 

Mrs. Charlotte S. Wyman* 

Dolores Yankauskas* 

Deborah Zeitler* 

Mary L. Zicarelli 

Ms. Elinor Anne Budelier

Mr. Warren F. Buxton, Ph.D., CDP

Café Nicholson Fund

Ms. Ernestine Calhoun

Mr. Margaret A. Capuder

Mr. and Mrs. J. Otis Carroll

Ms. Joyce L. Carter

Michael W. Cassidy

Mr. Eric Chandler

Patricia and Samuel Charache

Ms. Mary Claire Christensen

Ms. Linda C. Clark

Louis P. Clark

Ms. Tanya Marie Clark

Mr. and Mrs. Peter Claussen

Earl F. Clayton

Robert and Betsey Clopine

Dr. Karen Weaver Coleman

Mrs. Mary Gendernalik Cooper

Ms. Carol Ann Crotty

Phillip and Betty Crum

Linda B. Cullen

Mr. and Mrs. Frank Culley

Mr. Hal J. Cunningham

Mr. James Curry

Mr. Ravenel Boykin Curry, Jr.

Miss Pauline R. Cushing

Mrs. Phyllis Daderio

General and Mrs. J.R. Dailey

Mr. Carmen J. D’Angelo

Ms. Patricia Daniels

Mrs. Lucile Daubner

Mrs. Elizabeth C. Davis

James H. Davis

Mrs. Aila G. Dawe

Mrs. Alexandra de Borchgrave

Baroness Yvonne de Vilar

Mr. Walter Deans

Mrs. George O. DeGele

Mr. and Mrs. A.C. Deichmiller

Mr. Alan R. Dellinger

Ms. Sue A. Delorme

Ms. Patrice Kathleen Denman

Ms. Elaine A. Dependahl

Kenneth G. and Sherry L. Dietz

Dennis O. Dixon

Mr. and Mrs. James C. Dixon

Ralph and Patricia Dixon

Alan and Elizabeth Duckett

Dr. Harold A. Dundee

Mr. and Mrs. William C. Dutton

Robert L. Dwight

Mr. Gabriel H. Ebersole

Mrs. Ruth F. Effron

George Elliott

Valerie A. Emerson

Mrs. Joan Engberg

Ronald W. and Sophie M. Enger

Mr. Richard Evans

Ken Ferrara

Miss Grace C. Ferrill

Mr. and Mrs. Fred Feuille

Mr. and Mrs. Dale E. Fincke

Mrs. Helen Flanagan

Mr. Fred R. Fonck

Ms. Norma L. Forbes

Mr. Ronald J. Foulis

Albert and Marion Friedlander

Ms. Patricia K. Frontz

Gudrun Fruehling

Mr. Melvin E. Fryer

Mr. and Mrs. David H. Jenkins

Dennis R. Jenkins

Lieutenant Colonel Robert B. Jenkins, 

 USAF, Retired

Donald R. and Judy Jensen

David S. and Pat Jernigan

Mr. Douglas B. Johnson

Mr. Woodrow C. Johnson

Mr. Roger R.W. Johnston

Mr. Leonard H. Jones

Mr. and Mrs. Stanton Jue

Mr. Nelson Kading

Stephen and Linda Kamen

Ms. Judy Kaselow

Steven Kazan and Judy Heymann Kazan

Miss Rajinder Kaur Keith

Dr. and Mrs. William J. Kelnhofer

Robert F. and Nancy L. Kempf

Mr. John B. Kendrick

Ms. Kelly A. Kendrick-Bailey

Ms. Marjorie C. Kennedy

Frances D. Kerr

Jack L. Keyes

Ms. Moselle Kimbler

Elise H. Knight

Mr. C. Wilson Kniseley

John and Mary Lu Koenig

Richard and Marilyn Kolesar

Ms. Nancy Konkol

Lt. Col. and Mrs. William Karl Konze

Mr. and Mrs. Richard I. Kuehl

Dr. Richard Kurin

Margo Kurtz

Ms. Lee L. Kush

Dr. Geraldine E. La Rocque

Mrs. James Spencer Lacock

Mr. Travis S. Lamberton

Mr. and Mrs. Robert H. Lando

Gilbert H. Lang, M.D.

Mr. and Mrs. Arden Lanham

Jane Lanham

Philip Lathrap

Cynthia Muss Lawrence

Mrs. Deane C. Laycock

M/Sgt. Lionel L. Leblanc

Mrs. Rose Bente Lee and Admiral William 

 M. Ostapenko, USN (Ret.)

Mr. Bruce Leighty

Ms. Rosealie Lesser

Loetta Lewis

Theodore W. and Barbara Ann Libbey

Ms. Jeanie Linders

Daniel M. Linguiti and Teri A. Smurl

Ms. Eleanor L. Linkous

Mr. and Mrs. Peter Liss

Ms. Nina Liu

William and Katherine Livengood

Mrs. Lois Lockhart

Mr. and Mrs. Thomas L. Long

Shirley Loo

Anton C. Love

Dr. and Mrs. Burton N. Lowe

Frank J. Lukowski

Mr. Bradley Lutz

Ms. Barbara M. Macknick

Kim and Mark Mailloux

Mr. and Mrs. Charles Maluzzi

Christian L. and Edna M. March

Margery and Edgar Masinter

Mr. David J. Mason

Mr. John L. Mason

Dr. Bella J. May
52 53

Smithsonian National Board 

Counsel, Outreach, and Support

Members of the Smithsonian’s only pan-Institutional volunteer 

advisory board provide advice and counsel to the Secretary and 

his leadership team, act as ambassadors for the Smithsonian, and 

help the Institution raise the private funds it needs through their 

personal generosity and their assistance with fundraising efforts.

In 2008, National Board chair Hacker Caldwell participated in 

the selection of the new Secretary as a member of the Board of 

Regents’ search committee. Several Board members advised the 

Institution’s Leadership Development Program, and another 

served on the business enterprise task force, each making valuable 

contributions to these initiatives. Science Committee efforts 

made possible a public symposium on tropical extinction, and 

the committee assisted with its promotion. The Education 

Committee continued to help bring Smithsonian educational 

resources to K-12 students, teachers, and classrooms nationwide, 

aided by the Smithsonian partnership with the Council of Chief 

State School Officers, which it was instrumental in establishing. 

The Board demonstrated its commitment to Smithsonian 

outreach through members’ support including enabling purchase 

of video conferencing equipment to remotely distribute educational programming. Through events held in Denver, Phoenix, 

Minneapolis, and San Francisco, Board members and alumni 

brought friends and community leaders together with 

Smithsonian scholars and leaders and with Smithsonian traveling 

exhibitions visiting these cities, in keeping with the Board’s 

38-year tradition of ambassadorship. In 2008, the Board generously advanced Smithsonian fundraising through gifts from its 

members and alumni that totaled more than $8.4 million. Of 

this, slightly more than $1 million was unrestricted Board giving.

Leadership of the 2008 Smithsonian National Board: from left, L. Hardwick 

Caldwell III, Chair; Peggy P. Burnet, Vice Chair; Paul Neely, Vice Chair.

Mr. Ronald W. McCain

Robert and Mary McCallum

Ms. June W. McCarron

Mr. and Mrs. Brandon McCrary

Mr. and Mrs. Richard B. McCrary

Mr. Stephen Davis McCrary

Mr. and Mrs. Lowell McDysan

Miss Minnie Belle McIntosh

Ms. Lowen McKay

Colonel Billy McLeod

Ms. Eleanor McMillan

William and Jeanne L. McNamara

Mrs. Madeleine H. McReynolds

Scott and Hella McVay

Miss Nora L. Melville

Mrs. Ruth Meyer

Mr. Rodney R. Midlam

Mr. and Mrs. Carl Mikuletzky

Mrs. Elaine Milestone

Mr. and Mrs. Dennis Miller

Jerry Miller

Mrs. Melissa L. Mills

Mr. George Mitchell

Mr. Emmet V. Mittlebeeler

Mr. Sydney F. Mobell

Mr. and Mrs. Fred Montanye

Charles and Judith Moore

Mrs. Jane R. Moore

Mr. and Mrs. Paul S. Morgan

Mr. George M. Muldrow and 

 Mr. Robert G. Bragg

Joan C. Muzzillo and Paul R. Popick

Mr. and Mrs. Roger K. Myers

Lt. Col. Frank D. Neill, Jr. (Ret.)

David A. Neiss

Ms. Caroline K. Nelson

Ms. Arlene R. Newby

Ms. Myrtle S. Nord

Mr. Homer C. Ogles

Ms. Nancy Lee O’Neal

Ms. Mildred S. Onion

Don and Lynn Owen

Mr. Patrick H. Packard

Mrs. Irma Padgett-Haaland

Mr. Richard S. Paegelow

Mrs. Vivian Paegelow

Mr. Wayne Parsons

Mr. Robert Pastorino

John R. Patterson, Jr.

Mary Ann and Carl Pearson

Mr. Paul L. Peck

Mr. and Mrs. James E. Pehta

Mr. and Mrs. Stanley Pendlebury

Ms. Nancy Phillips

Ms. Thelma B. Player

Brigadier General Frederick W. 

 Plugge IV, USAF (Ret.)

Mr. Don Polan

Mrs. Ann M. Potter

Bob and Janice Pound

Mr. and Mrs. Anco L. Prak

Mr. Delbert L. Price

Ms. Judy Lynn Prince

Mrs. Lakhbir Purewal

Ms. Martha Puricelli

Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Stanley Purvinis

David and Cheryl Purvis

Mrs. Frank K. Rabbitt

Mrs. William Rader

Mr. and Mrs. Paul Rafaj

Frederick L. Ranck

Francis H. Rasmus, Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. Galen B. Rathbun

Ms. Sanae Iida Reeves

Mr. Donald L. Reinking

Jon and Emilee Reynolds

Mr. and Mrs. Robert A. Rice

Colonel and Mrs. Robert F. Rick

Miss Elizabeth Candida Ridout

Mr. Robert E. Ritter

Ms. Eleanor A. Robb

Janice Stultz Roddenbery and 

 Thomas Peale Roddenbery

Mr. Scott Roeth

Ms. Laurel Rohrer

Dr. Ruth A. Roland

Mr. Norman Roscilo

Dr. Harry Rosenthal

Nell M. Rothschild

Mr. and Mrs. John Ruby

Owen F. Ruggles

Ms. Karen Russell

Mr. Richard T. Russell, Jr.

Ms. Sally D. Ryan

Mr. C.J. Ryburn

Edward H. Sachtleben

Mr. and Mrs. Charles Salter

Lieutenant Colonel Joseph R. Santa Barbara

Lloyd G. and Betty A. Schermer

Norma Schmid

Miss Lois K. Schmidt

Ms. Deborah Schneide

Robert L. and Mary T. Schneider

Mr. George Schnitzer

Mr. and Mrs. Andrew W. Schultz

Mrs. Ida Maxey Scott

Ms. Sharon Scott

Elinor Scotte-Virgona

Ms. Sheryl Scull

Mr. and Mrs. William Seely

Edwin N. Seiler

Mrs. Hope Sellers

Janice L. Settle

Robert A. and Deanne H. Seward

Mrs. Norma Gudin Shaw

Ms. Shari Diane Shaw

Winslow T. Shearman

Col. and Mrs. Robert S. Sherman

Dr. Gerry Shigekawa

Mrs. William H. Shopp

Mr. and Mrs. Jack D. Shumate

Shirley Phillips Sichel

Mrs. Joan S. Siedenburg

Ms. Anne Copeland Silberman

Ms. Mary Bise Simon

Ms. Mary F. Simons

Mr. James C. Small and Mr. John A. Fry

Sandra and Lawrence Small

Dr. Barbara J. Smith

Kathy Daubert Smith

Mr. and Mrs. Lee Smith

Denny G. Snyder

Mr. and Mrs. Stephen K. Soldoff

Guenther and Siewchin Yong Sommer

Irene Sorrough

Ms. Doris Sperber

Dr. Harry Wayne Springfield

Ms. Carolyn N. Stafford

Paul and Janet Stahlhuth

Mrs. Ginger Winters Stallings

Mr. James Starkey

Ms. Eugenia L. Staszewski

Ms. Wanda B. Staszewski

Fred L. and Ruth B. Steele

Ms. Sandra Sterling

Judith Stoeri

Kevin B. Stone

Miss Iris Strauss

Mr. and Mrs. Frederick L. Streckewald

Robert and Gail Strong

Joseph and Elizabeth Suarez

Ralph Edward Tamper

Cuyler and Grace Taylor

George D. and Mary Augusta Thomas

Dr. and Mrs. F. Christian Thompson

Ms. Johanna W. Thompson

John and Ellen Thompson

Gary and Marie Thunem

Mrs. Diane D. Tobin

Mr. David E. Todd

James W. Todd

Mr. Robert Bruce Torgny

Anna Mary Tossey

Mr. and Mrs. David Tozer

Ms. Barbara V. Tufts

Ms. Marjorie Underhill

Ms. Selena M. Updegraff

Fred G. and Lelia R. Valdivia

Dr. Lorna VanderZanden

Ms. Carol Vangelos

John Vernet

Jean and Davis H. von Wittenburg

N.O. Wagenschein

Patty Wagstaff

Raymond Waite

Ms. Jeanette M. Walke

Bettye S. Walker

Ms. Esperanza R. Walker

Mrs. Peggy Wall

Miss Catherine M. Walsh

Mrs. Elizabeth Walther

Dr. and Mrs. Richard Ward

Mrs. Mary Watts

Ms. Susan G. Waxter

Mr. Paul E. Wellington

Mr. Walt Wells

Dale (Billie) L. Welton

Dr. J.H. Werner

Mrs. Harriet K. Westcott

Craig and Catherine Weston

Dr. George B. Whatley

Ms. Cecel F. White

Mrs. Donald W. White

Mr. Richard Whitekettle

Mr. Hollin J. Whitten

Ms. Vivian Wilder

Mr. Donald E. Williams

Ms. Jeanne Wilson

Sue Ann Wolff

Mrs. Elizabeth B. Wood

Gerald L. Wood

ADCS Scott B. Wood, USN, Retired

Mr. Philip Woodruff

Mr. and Mrs. Fred Wynbrandt

Ms. Lillian Yamori

Mr. and Mrs. Daniel W. Yohannes

Mr. and Mrs. Robert Zapart

Mr. and Mrs. Robert S. Zelenka

Mr. Kenneth M. Zemrowski

Dr. P. Joseph Zharn

John and Sherry Ziegler

Mrs. Nancy Behrend Zirkle

Mr. and Mrs. Paul B. Zygielbaum

BEQUESTS

We remember with appreciation the 

following generous donors whose gifts 

through bequests from their estates were 

received this year.

Anonymous

Aldene A. Barrington

Robert W. Boenig

Marcella Brenner

May L. Brook

John A. Burnham, Jr. and Helen L. Burnham 

Fenner A. Chace

Allen R. Cooper

June S. Cordier

Margaret Jenkins Davis

Elizabeth Engstrom

Charles H. Ettl

Pola J. Geisler

Lawrence Glassman

Royce Ann Glidden

Eveline Goodman

Robert L. Gorham

Bernice N. Hantman

Janice Mary Johnson

Charles P. Kaiser

Bessie M. Koehler

LaVeda M. Kovar

William J. Kramer

Aurelia Lammers

Genevieve Lipinski

Iris G. Mumford

James Edward Polen

Elizabeth H. Prather

Edward B. and Phyllis E. Reed

Edwin Rybak

Anne Shultz

Daniel F. Sienkiewicz

Kathleen Engelbrecht Sier

Bernard Stadiem

Margaret Stoessel

Frances A. Velay

Mary Anna Wills

Marcia Ring Winslow

Francis W. and Carol J. Worrell

MEMORIAL AND

COMMEMORATIVE GIFTS

The following were so honored by 

their families, friends, and other donors 

to the Smithsonian.

Thomas Block

Pamela J. Braden

Edward J. Casselle

Anna R. Cohn

Richard Darman

Valerie and Charles Diker

Mary Engen

Walter Grigsley

Vivian Henderson

Paul Iducovich

Madeleine Rudin Johnson

Peter J. Johnson

Donald S. Lopez

Arthur Ubaka Mbanefo

Enid W. Morse

Sharon Frances Patton

Elizabeth C. Riedel

Lisa S. Roberts

E. Maynard Smith

Norman E. Woodley

2008 Smithsonian 

National Board

L. Hardwick Caldwell III

Chair

Peggy P. Burnet

Vice Chair

Peter H. Lunder 

Vice Chair †

Paul Neely

Vice Chair

Claudia R. Allen 

Valerie Anders

Judy Hart Angelo

Barbara M. Barrett

Jane Lipton Cafritz 

Thomas H. Castro*

Wilmer S. Cody

Abby Joseph Cohen*

James F. Dicke II

John G.B. Ellison, Jr.

Sakurako D. Fisher

Michael R. Francis

Bradford M. Freeman

John French III

Shelby M. Gans

Richard W. Herbst

Robert F. Higgins*

Irene Y. Hirano

Steven G. Hoch

Judy S. Huret

Anne B. Keiser (ex officio)*

Betsy Lawer*

Robert E. Long, Jr.

Robert D. MacDonald

Dorothy S. McAuliffe*

Chris E. McNeil, Jr.

Gary B. Moore

Morris W. Offit

Russell E. Palmer, Jr.

Judy Lynn Prince (ex officio)

William M. Ragland, Jr.

Kristin M. Richardson*

Ronald A. Rosenfeld

Theiline Pigott Scheumann

Marna Schnabel

Rodney E. Slater

Beatrice R. Taylor

Douglas C. Walker

Mallory Walker

Honorary Members

Robert McC. Adams 

William S. Anderson

Max N. Berry

Richard P. Cooley

Frank A. Daniels, Jr.

Charles D. Dickey, Jr.

Patricia Frost

Alfred C. Glassell, Jr.

I. Michael Heyman

James M. Kemper, Jr.

Jean B. Mahoney

Sandra D. O’Connor

Francis C. Rooney, Jr.

Wilbur L. Ross, Jr.

Lloyd G. Schermer

Frank A. Weil

Gay F. Wray 

† Term as Vice Chair completed 

January 2008

* Term began October 2008 
54 55

Donors to the Smithsonian

Distinguished Benefactors

The Distinguished Benefactors Room in the Smithsonian 

Institution Castle honors the Institution’s most generous 

contributors: individuals whose gifts total $1 million or more 

and foundations and corporations that have made one-time 

gifts of the same amount.

Ways To Give

Helping Fulfill the Mission

The Smithsonian has the power to educate, inspire, and bring us 

together. Each year, gifts from friends and benefactors help 

meet the enormous costs of providing Smithsonian programs 

and services, year-round and free of charge, to millions.

Never before has your gift been more valued or made so great an 

impact. We rely on the thoughtful and generous support of 

individuals, foundations, and corporations. Please contact us to 

learn more about how you can support America’s museum.

Give Online

Giving online is fast, easy, and secure. Gifts of any amount may 

be made and an e-mail confirmation is provided. 

www.supportsmithsonian.org

Corporate Memberships and Sponsorships

Corporations play a vital philanthropic role in today’s 

Smithsonian. We welcome corporate relationships and offer 

membership through the Smithsonian Corporate Membership 

Program. 

(202) 633-5052

corpmembers@si.edu

www.si.edu/corporate

Membership 

Hosting members from around the entire United States, the 

Smithsonian’s Contributing Membership and James Smithson 

Society programs provide unrestricted support to the Institution 

and a wide variety of events and benefits to those who join. 

Annual membership levels range from $75 to $10,000.

(800) 931-3226

membership@si.edu

www.smithsonianmembership.com

Many individual Smithsonian museums and research centers 

offer memberships. To learn more about them, go to the 

Smithsonian’s main Web site, www.smithsonian.org, and click on 

the membership page of the museum or research center that 

interests you.

Planned Giving

Individuals may include the Smithsonian in their estate plans 

through bequests, living trusts, gifts of retirement plan assets, 

and with other giving vehicles. Life-income gifts such as 

charitable gift annuities and charitable remainder trusts can 

benefit the Smithsonian and the donor. Those who notify 

the Smithsonian of a planned gift are invited to join the 

Smithsonian Legacy Society.

(888) 419-7584

legacy@si.edu

si.giftlegacy.com

For Further Information

For more information about how you can support the 

Smithsonian and its dynamic mission, “for the increase and 

diffusion of knowledge,” please contact:

Virginia B. Clark

Director, Office of External Affairs

Smithsonian Institution

1000 Jefferson Drive S.W.

4th Floor

MRC 027, P.O. Box 37012

Washington, D.C. 20013-7012

(202) 633-4300

giving@si.edu

www.si.edu/giving

Anonymous

3M

AAA

Charles Francis Adams

A&E Television Networks

Aflac Incorporated

The Aga Khan Trust for Culture

Lee and Elizabeth Ainslie

Airbus

Alcoa

American Airlines

American Chemical Society

American Express

American International Group, Inc. (AIG)

American Public Transportation Association

American Road & Transportation 

 Builders Association

AMS Foundation for the Arts, 

 Sciences and Humanities

Analytical Graphics, Inc.

Anheuser-Busch Foundation

Apple Computer, Inc.

Art Research Foundation

Association of American Railroads

Lily Auchincloss Foundation, Inc.

Herbert and Evelyn Axelrod

Bank of America 

Laura Barney

Kenneth E. Behring Family

Max N. and Heidi L. Berry

Barbara and James Block

Mary and Leigh B. Block

Winton M. “Red” Blount

The Boeing Company

Bombardier

Mrs. Virginia O. Boochever

F. Otis Booth, Jr.

Agnes C. Bourne

The Brown Foundation, Inc. of Houston

Hildegard Bruck and Alfred Egerter

Dr. Peter Buck

The Emil Buehler Trust

The Burkle Family Foundation 

William A. Burleson

Burroughs Wellcome Fund 

The Morris and Gwendolyn Cafritz Foundation

Hacker and Kitty Caldwell

The E. Rhodes & Leona B. Carpenter Foundation

Cessna Aircraft Company

CIGNA

The Coca-Cola Company

Dr. and Mrs. David A. Cofrin 

The Ryna and Melvin Cohen 

 Family Foundation

The Comer Foundation

The Commonwealth of Virginia

Joseph and Robert Cornell 

 Memorial Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. Joseph F. Cullman, 3rd 

The Daniels Fund

Richard Darman

Marcel and Serge Dassault

Florence Coulson Davis

Luisita L. and Franz H. Denghausen

Bern Dibner

Jim and Janet Dicke 

Valerie and Charles Diker 

Discover Financial Services, Inc.

Discovery Communications, Inc.

Patricia C. Dodge

Donald J. and Helen D. Douglass

DuPont

The Eberly Family Charitable Trust

EDS

EMC Corporation

Travis and Anne Engen

Charles H. Ettl

Mr. and Mrs. Thomas M. Evans

ExxonMobil

FedEx Corporation

The Fertilizer Institute

Nancy B. and Hart Fessenden

Barbara G. Fleischman

Martha Parks Forrest

The Ford Foundation

Ford Motor Company Fund

Charles Lang Freer

Patricia and Phillip Frost

Fujifilm

The Funger Foundation, Norma Lee and 

 Morton Funger

General Motors Corporation

The Glenstone Foundation, 

 Mitchell P. Rales, Founder

Goldman, Sachs & Co.

Arvin Gottlieb

Katharine Graham

The George Gund Foundation

George Gund III and Iara Lee

James E. Gysin

Karl H. Hagen

Enid A. Haupt

William Randolph Hearst Foundation

Herbert Waide Hemphill, Jr.

Edward P. and Rebecca R. Henderson

Janine and J. Tomlinson Hill

Conrad N. Hilton Foundation

Ikuo Hirayama

Joseph Hirshhorn

Frank and Lisina Hoch

Holenia Trust

Ruth S. and A. William Holmberg

Janet Annenberg Hooker

Raymond J. and Margaret Horowitz

Grant W. Howell

IBM Corporation

Intel Corporation

International Lease Finance Corporation

Christian A. Johnson Endeavor Foundation

James A. Johnson and Maxine Isaacs

Johnson Publishing Company, Inc.

Robert L. Johnson

The JSM Charitable Trust, James S. 

 McDonnell III, John F. McDonnell

Linda Lichtenberg Kaplan

The W.M. Keck Foundation

Herb Kelleher

W.K. Kellogg Foundation

R. Crosby Kemper

William R. Kenan, Jr. Charitable Trust

John S. and James L. Knight Foundation

David H. Koch 

Robert and Arlene Kogod

The Korea Foundation

Kraft Foods

The Kresge Foundation

Constance and Harvey Krueger

B.Y. Lam Foundation

Lannan Foundation

Samuel J. and Ethel LeFrak

Robert Lehrman

The Lemelson Foundation

Thelma and Melvin Lenkin 

Barbara Riley Levin

Edith S. and Arthur J. Levin

Frank Levinson Family Foundation

Leon Levy Foundation

Lockheed Martin

Jon and Lillian Lovelace

Lower Manhattan Development Corporation

The Henry Luce Foundation

The Lunder Foundation

Peter and Paula Lunder

The Elizabeth Carolyn Lux Foundation

The John D. and Catherine T. 

 MacArthur Foundation

Elizabeth and Whitney MacMillan

Barbara and Morton Mandel 

Nancy and Edwin Marks

Alice S. Marriott Lifetime Trust/The J. Willard 

and Alice S. Marriott Foundation

John and Adrienne Mars

The Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation

Masterfoods USA

Nan Tucker McEvoy

MCI WorldCom

The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation

Merrill Lynch & Co. Foundation, Inc.

Sidney Mobell

The Mohegan Tribe of Indians of Connecticut

The A.P. Møller and Chastine Mc-Kinney 

 Møller Foundation

The Claude Moore Charitable Foundation

Morgan Stanley

Lester S. and Enid W. Morse 

Susan and Furman Moseley

Motorola Foundation

Robert O. Muller

NAMM – International Music Products 

 Association

National Asphalt Pavement Association

National Association of Realtors

National Business Aviation Association, Inc. 

National Mining Association

National Stone, Sand & Gravel Association

H. Duane Nelson

NYSE Foundation

The Nippon Foundation

Nissan North America, Inc.

Nordic Council of Ministers

Northrop Grumman Corporation

Ocean Conservancy

Occidental Chemical Corporation

Carroll O’Connor and Nancy Fields O’Connor

Oneida Indian Nation (New York)

Yoko Ono

Orkin Exterminating Company, Inc.

Bernard and Barbro Osher

The David and Lucile Packard Foundation

Richard D. and Laura A. Parsons

Paul Peck

Peterson Family Foundation

The Pew Charitable Trusts

Pioneer Electronics (USA), Inc.

Pitney Bowes Inc.

Robert W. Pittman

Polo Ralph Lauren Corporation

Poor Richard’s Charitable Trust

The Principal Financial Group

Rasmuson Foundation

Raytheon Company

Reve Foundation

Donald W. Reynolds Foundation

Robinson Helicopter Company

Sara Roby Foundation

David Rockefeller

Rockefeller Foundation

Rolex

Rolls-Royce

Samuel G. Rose and Julie Walters

Susan and Elihu Rose

Arthur Ross Foundation

Rodris Roth 

Alice and David Rubenstein

Arthur M. Sackler

Arthur M. Sackler Foundation

Dr. Elizabeth Sackler/

 The Arthur M. Sackler Foundation 

Else Sackler

John and Joy Safer 

Victoria and Roger Sant 

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Mr. and Mrs. B. Francis Saul II

Lloyd G. and Betty A. Schermer

S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc.

Nina and Ivan Selin

Seneca Nation of Indians

Shell

Frank B. and Faye Sherry

Shirley Phillips Sichel

Paul Singer

Sketch Foundation

Alfred P. Sloan Foundation

Albert and Shirley Small

Robert H. and Clarice Smith 

Soil Science Society of America

Guenther and Siewchin Yong Sommer

The Starr Foundation

State Farm Companies Foundation

Margaret and Terry Stent

The Summit Fund of Washington

Target

Terra Foundation for American Art

Eugene V. and Clare E. Thaw Charitable Trust

Tiffany & Co. Foundation

Timex Corporation

TRW

Earl S. Tupper

Turner Foundation, Inc.

TWA

Mr. and Mrs. Steven F. Udvar-Hazy

Richard O. Ullman Family Foundation

United States Mint

United States Postal Service

UPS

The Upton Trust

Esme Usdan and James Snyder

Anne van Biema

Verizon Foundation

Teodoro Vidal

VOLVO

Jean and Davis H. von Wittenburg

Lila Wallace-Reader’s Digest Fund

The Walt Disney Company

Alexander and Annie B. Wetmore

Coralyn Wright Whitney

Norman C. and Catherine M. Willcox

The Oprah Winfrey Foundation 

Harry Winston Research Foundation, Inc. 

Ronald Winston

Xerox Corporation
56

Museums

Ten Smithsonian museums and 

galleries are located on the National 

Mall between the Washington 

Monument and the U.S. Capitol. 

Six other museums and the National 

Zoo are located elsewhere in the 

Washington, D.C., metropolitan area. 

The Cooper-Hewitt, National Design 

Museum and the National Museum 

of the American Indian’s George 

Gustav Heye Center are located in 

New York City. The newest museum to 

be established within the Smithsonian 

is the National Museum of African 

American History and Culture, which 

will be located on the National Mall 

in Washington, D.C.

Anacostia Community Museum

Camille Giraud Akeju, Director

MRC 777, P.O. Box 37012

Washington, D.C. 20013-7012

(202) 633-4839

Cooper-Hewitt, 

National Design Museum

Paul Warwick Thompson, Director

2 East 91st St.

New York, N.Y. 10128-0669

(212) 849-8371

Freer Gallery of Art and 

Arthur M. Sackler Gallery 

Julian Raby, Director

MRC 707, P.O. Box 37012

Washington, D.C. 20013-7012

(202) 633-0456

Hirshhorn Museum and 

Sculpture Garden

Kerry Brougher, Acting Director

MRC 350, P.O. Box 37012

Washington, D.C. 20013-7012

(202) 633-2780

National Air and Space Museum 

and The Steven F. Udvar-Hazy 

Center

Gen. John R. Dailey (USMC, Ret.),

Director

MRC 310, P.O. Box 37012

Washington, D.C. 20013-7012

(202) 633-2350

National Museum of African 

American History and Culture

Lonnie Bunch, Director

MRC 509, P.O. Box 37012

Washington, D.C. 20013-7012

(202) 633-4763

National Museum of African Art

Christine Mullen Kreamer, Acting Director

MRC 708, P.O. Box 37012

Washington, D.C. 20013-7012

(202) 633-4610

National Museum of 

American History, 

Kenneth E. Behring Center

Brent D. Glass, Director

MRC 622, P.O. Box 37012

Washington, D.C. 20013-7012

(202) 633-3435

National Museum of The 

American Indian and The 

George Gustav Heye Center

Kevin Gover, Director

MRC 590, P.O. Box 37012

Washington, D.C. 20013-7012

(202) 633-6700

National Museum of 

Natural History

Cristián Samper, Director

MRC 106, P.O. Box 37012

Washington, D.C. 20013-7012

(202) 633-2664

National Portrait Gallery

Martin E. Sullivan, Director

MRC 973, P.O. Box 37012

Washington, D.C. 20013-7012

(202) 633-8276

National Postal Museum

Allen R. Kane, Director

MRC 570, P.O. Box 37012

Washington, D.C. 20013-7012

(202) 633-5500

National Zoological Park

John M. Berry, Director

3001 Connecticut Ave. N.W.

Washington, D.C. 20008

(202) 633-4442

Smithsonian American Art 

Museum and The Renwick Gallery

Elizabeth Broun, Director

MRC 970, P.O. Box 37012

Washington, D.C. 20013-7012

(202) 633-8430

As of January 26, 2009

RESEARCH CENTERS

Archives of American Art

John W. Smith, Director

MRC 937, P.O. Box 37012

Washington, D.C. 20013-7012

(202) 633-7969

Museum Conservation Institute

Robert J. Koestler, Director

4120 Silver Hill Rd.

Suitland, Md. 20746-2863

(301) 238-1205

Smithsonian Astrophysical 

Observatory

Charles R. Alcock, Director

60 Garden St.

Cambridge, Mass. 02138

(617) 495-7100

Smithsonian Environmental 

Research Center

Anson H. Hines, Jr., Director

P.O. Box 28

Edgewater, Md. 21037

(443) 482-2208

Smithsonian Institution Archives

Anne Van Camp, Director

MRC 507, P.O. Box 37012

Washington, D.C. 20013-7012

(202) 633-5908

Smithsonian Institution Libraries

Nancy E. Gwinn, Director

MRC 154, P.O. Box 37012

Washington, D.C. 20013-7012

(202) 633-2240

Smithsonian Marine Station 

at Fort Pierce

Valerie J. Paul, Director

701 Seaway Drive

Fort Pierce, Fla. 34949-3140

(772) 462-0982

Smithsonian Tropical Research 

Institute (Panama)

Eldredge Bermingham, Director

Unit 0948 APO AA 34002-0948

011 (507) 212-8086

EDUCATION AND OUTREACH

Center for Folklife and 

Cultural Heritage

Richard S. Kennedy, Acting Director

MRC 520, P.O. Box 37012

Washington, D.C. 20013-7012

(202) 633-6434

National Science Resources Center

Sally Goetz Shuler, Executive Director

901 D St. S.W., Suite 704-B

Washington, D.C. 20024

(202) 633-2972

Office of Research Training 

and Services

Catherine F. Harris, Director

MRC 902, P.O. Box 37012

Washington, D.C. 20013-7012

(202) 633-7070

Smithsonian Affiliations

Harold A. Closter, Director

MRC 942, P.O. Box 37012

Washington, D.C. 20013-7012

(202) 633-5300

Smithsonian Asian Pacific 

American Program

Franklin S. Odo, Director

MRC 516, P.O. Box 37012

Washington, D.C. 20013-7012

(202) 633-2690

The Smithsonian Associates

Barbara S. Tuceling, Director

MRC 701, P.O. Box 37012

Washington, D.C. 20013-7012

(202) 633-8880

Smithsonian Center for 

Education and Museum Studies

Stephanie L. Norby, Director

MRC 508, P.O. Box 37012

Washington, D.C. 20013-7012

(202) 633-5297

Smithsonian Institution 

Traveling Exhibition Service

Anna R. Cohn, Director

MRC 941, P.O. Box 37012

Washington, D.C. 20013-7012

(202) 633-3136

Smithsonian Latino Center

Eduardo Díaz, Director

MRC 512, P.O. Box 37012,

Washington, D.C. 20013-7012

(202) 633-1240

PHOTO CAPTIONS:

Front Cover: Top row: icons from the 

collections of the National Museum of 

American History; second row: images 

of Mars used for research by 

Smithsonian staff; third row: portraits 

and paintings from the Donald W. 

Reynolds Center for American Art and 

Portraiture, National Portrait Gallery, and 

Smithsonian American Art Museum; 

fourth row: digital images and digitizing 

objects in the Smithsonian collections; 

sixth row: images from The Sant Ocean 

Hall at the National Museum of Natural 

History; seventh row: the reopening 

celebration of the National Museum of 

American History; eighth row: images 

from The Cinema Effect exhibition at 

the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture 

Garden; bottom row: environmental 

education at the Smithsonian

Opposite "From the Secretary" page: 

Top row: images studied and created by 

the staff at the Smithsonian Astrophysical 

Observatory; second and fourth rows: 

images from The Sant Ocean Hall at the 

National Museum of Natural History; 

third row: images from The Cinema 

Effect exhibition at the Hirshhorn 

Museum and Sculpture Garden; fifth 

row: the reopening celebration of the 

National Museum of American History; 

sixth row: images from the Anacostia 

Community Museum exhibition 

Separate and Unequaled: Black Baseball 

in the District of Columbia; seventh 

row: Mars researchers at the National 

Air and Space Museum; eighth row: 

images of Abraham Lincoln and Lincoln 

artifacts from the Smithsonian’s 

collections; bottom row: images of 

Mars used by researchers

The Smithsonian in 2008: Clockwise 

from top left: a tropical rainforest in 

Panama; a 1939 letter by painter Frida 

Kahlo to photographer Nickolas Muray; 

a box of seeds from plants associated 

with early human settlement sites in the 

Americas; a tropical butterfly; 

participants in the Cisco-Smithsonian 

American Art Museum Teacher Institute; 

a grey seal at the National Zoological 

Park; the Smithsonian Castle; a student 

tours a Smithsonian exhibit online; The 

Kodomo Dance Theater performs 

during Asian Pacific American Heritage 

Month; a composite image of M51, also 

known as the Whirlpool Galaxy; a 

worker at a Smithsonian’s Human 

Origins Program archaeological site; the 

Star-Spangled Banner; a purple spined 

sea urchin; exterior of the Smithsonian 

American Art Museum

Page 26: The Donald D. Engen 

Observation Tower at the National Air 

and Space Museum’s Steven F. UdvarHazy Center 

Page 30: South side of the Smithsonian 

Castle

Page 34: A traditional Chinese dragon 

kite at the 42nd Annual Smithsonian 

Kite Festival

Page 39: Edward Hopper’s 1950 

painting Cape Cod Morning

Page 40: Baseball autographed by 

Babe Ruth, 1926

Page 41: A pair of king penguins

Page 42: A scientist at the Smithsonian 

Environmental Research Center on the 

Chesapeake Bay

Board Of Regents

The Smithsonian is the world’s largest 

museum and research complex, with 

19 museums and the National Zoo, as 

well as research centers around the 

world. It was created by Congress 

in 1846 under the terms of the will of 

James Smithson of England, who in 

1826 bequeathed his property to the 

United States of America “to found at 

Washington, under the name of the 

Smithsonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion 

of knowledge.” Congress vested 

responsibility for administration of the 

Smithsonian in the Board of Regents.

The Chief Justice of the United States,

ex officio, Chancellor

Patricia Q. Stonesifer

Citizen of Washington state, Chair

Alan G. Spoon

Citizen of Massachusetts, Vice Chair

The Vice President of the United States,

ex officio

Thad Cochran

Senator from Mississippi

Christopher J. Dodd

Senator from Connecticut

Patrick J. Leahy

Senator from Vermont

Xavier Becerra

Representative from California

Sam Johnson

Representative from Texas

Doris Matsui

Representative from California

Eli Broad

Citizen of California

Phillip Frost

Citizen of Florida

Shirley Ann Jackson

Citizen of New York

Robert P. Kogod

Citizen of Washington, D.C.

John W. McCarter, Jr.

Citizen of Illinois

Roger W. Sant

Citizen of Washington, D.C.

* * * *

John K. Lapiana

Chief of Staff to the Regents

A. Sprightley Ryan

Inspector General

ADMINISTRATION

G. Wayne Clough

Secretary

Charles R. Alcock 

Acting Under Secretary for Science

Richard Kurin

Under Secretary for History, 

Art, and Culture

Alison McNally

Under Secretary for Finance and 

Administration

Tom Ott

President, Smithsonian Enterprises

Virginia B. Clark

Director, Office of External Affairs

James D. Douglas

Director, Office of Human Resources

Clair Gill

Acting Director, Facilities Engineering 

and Operations

Evelyn S. Lieberman

Director, Communications 

and Public Affairs

Alice C. Maroni

Chief Financial Officer

Era L. Marshall

Director, Equal Employment 

and Minority Affairs

Carole M. P. Neves

Director, Policy and Analysis

Nell Payne

Director, Government Relations

Marsha S. Shaines

Acting General Counsel

Ann Speyer

Chief Information Officer

To contact staff members listed above, 

call (202) 633-1000 for addresses and 

telephone numbers.

Page 43: The Space Shuttle Enterprise

Page 44: Divers at the Smithsonian 

Tropical Research Institute’s station in 

Bocas del Toro, Panama

Page 45: Artist’s concept of a disk of gas 

orbiting a fast-spinning black hole

Page 46: Latino participants in the 2004 

Smithsonian Folklife Festival

Page 47: Photo from Anthony McCall’s art 

installation, You and I Horizontal

Back cover: Top row: images from The 

Cinema Effect exhibition at the Hirshhorn 

Museum and Sculpture Garden; second 

row: images from the Anacostia 

Community Museum exhibition Separate 

and Unequaled: Black Baseball in the 

District of Columbia; third row: images 

related to Smithsonian research on coral 

reefs; fourth row: astronomical images from 

the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; 

fifth row: images and architectural 

elements from the Smithsonian Castle; 

sixth row: images of insects studied by 

Smithsonian entomologists; seventh row: 

Smithsonian staff digitizing objects in the 

collections; eighth row: images from the 

Archives of American Art exhibition With 

Love: Artists’ Letters and Illustrations;

bottom row: animals in residence at the 

Smithsonian’s National Zoological Park

Photographers

Marilyn Abel, Blaise Adilon, David A. 

Aguilar, Art Carter Papers/MoorlandSpingarn Research Center, Mildred Baldwin, 

Tim Bies, Erin Blasco, Steve Canning, Chip 

Clark, Jessie Cohen, Anthony Cross, Kimbra 

Cutlip, James Di Loreto, Harold Dorwin, 

Grace Duke, Eliot Elisofon, Katherine 

Fogden, Ian Foxx, Rebecca Ghent, Neil 

Greentree, Marcos Guerra, Carl Hansen, 

Colin Johnson, Walt Koski, Walter Larimore, 

Eric Long, Owen Macdonald, Jeff Malet, 

Michael Mansfield, AP/Jacquelyn Martin, 

Mehgan Murphy, NASA/JPL-Caltech/Cornell 

University, NASA/JPL/University of Arizona, 

Christopher Parker, Dane Penland, Ken 

Rahaim, Kelly Richardson, Aurore 

Simonnet, Richard Strauss, L. Holly Sweat, 

Hugh Talman, William Tidwell, Don Wilson, 

Chun-Wei Yi, Christian Ziegler

___________________________________

The Smithsonian’s 2008 annual 

report, Charting Course, is available 

online at www.smithsonian.org.

To request this publication in an 

alternative format, call (202) 633-

2400 (voice) or (202) 633-5285 (TTY).

Project Director

John Barrat

Project Assistant

Mara Jonas

Contributing Editor

Bill Tabor

Contributing Writer

Catherine Lansdowne

Concept, editorial, design

Steege/Thomson Communications
Smithsonian Information

SI Building, Room 153

MRC 010, P.O. Box 37012

Washington, D.C. 20013-7012

Phone: (202) 633-1000

E-mail: info@si.edu

Web: www.smithsonian.org

Smithsonian Institution