1

Presidential Cabinet Nominations

President Jimmy Carter through President George W. Bush

Position President Nominee Announced Senate Received Confirmed Vote

Secretary of Agriculture Carter Robert Bergland December 20, 1976 January 20, 1977 January 20, 1977 vv

Reagan John Block

Richard Lyng

December 23, 1980

January 29, 1986

January 20, 1981

February 24, 1986

January 22, 1981

March 6, 1986

98-0 rec. vote #9

95-2 rec. vote #26

Bush Clayton Yeutter

Edward Madigan

December 14, 1988

January 25, 1991 

January 20, 1989

February 19, 1991

February 8, 1989

March 7, 1991

100-0 rec. vote #13

99-0 rec. vote #24

Clinton Mike Espy

Dan Glickman

December 24, 1992

December 28, 1994

January 20, 1993

March 10, 1995

January 21, 1993

March 30, 1995

UC

94-0 rec. vote #120

Bush Ann Veneman

Mike Johanns

Edward Schafer

December 20, 2000

December 2, 2004

October 31, 2007

January 20, 2001

January 4, 2005

December 6, 2007

January 20, 2001

January 20, 2005

January 28, 2008

vv

vv

vv

Attorney General Carter Griffin Bell

Benjamin Civiletti

December 20, 1976

July 19, 1979 

January 20, 1977

July 20, 1979

January 25, 1977

August 1, 1979

75-21 rec. vote #10 1

94-1 rec. vote #245

Reagan William French Smith

Edwin Meese III

Richard Thornburgh

December 11, 1980

January 23, 1984

July 12, 1988

January 20, 1981

February 3, 1984*

January 3, 1985

July 25, 1988

January 22, 1981

February 23, 1985

August 11, 1988

96-1 rec. vote #8

63-31 rec. vote #9

85-0 rec. vote #310

Bush Richard Thornburgh

William Barr

November 21, 1988

October 16, 1991

Cont’d from previous admin.

October 25, 1991 November 20, 1991 vv

Clinton Zoe Baird

Janet Reno

December 24, 1992

February 11, 1993

January 20, 1993

February 26, 1993

Withdrawn January 26, 1993

March 11, 1993 98-0 rec. vote # 29

Bush John Ashcroft

Alberto Gonzales

Michael Mukasey

December 22, 2000

November 10, 2004

September 17, 2007

January 29, 2001

November 16, 2004*

January 4, 2005

September 21, 2007

February 1, 2001

February 3, 2005

November 8, 2007

58-42 rec. vote #8

60-36 rec. vote #3

53-40 rec. vote #407

Secretary of Commerce Carter Juanita Kreps

Philip Klutznick

December 20, 1976

November 16, 1979

January 20, 1977

December 11, 1979

January 20, 1977

December 20, 1979

vv

74-0 rec. vote #506

Reagan Malcolm Baldridge

C. William Verity, Jr.

December 11, 1980

August 10, 1987

January 20, 1981

September 9, 1987

January 22, 1981

October 13, 1987

97-1 rec. vote #10

84-11 rec. vote #321

 1

Motion to recommit (rec. vote #9) rejected 24-71 on January 25, 1977.
2

Bush Robert Mosbacher

Barbara Franklin

December 6, 1988

December 26, 1991

January 20, 1989

January 27, 1992

January 31, 1989

February 27, 1992

100-0 rec. vote #5

vv

Clinton Ronald Brown

Mickey KantorR

William Daley

Norman Mineta

December 24, 1992

April 12 , 1996

December 13, 1996

June 29, 2000

January 20, 1993

May 3, 1996

January 7, 1997

July 17, 2000

January 21, 1993

Returned to president 

October 4, 1996

January 30, 1997

July 20, 2000

UC

95-2 rec. vote #4

vv

Bush Donald Evans

Carlos Gutierrez

December 20, 2000

November 29, 2004

January 20, 2001

January 4, 2005

January 20, 2001

January 24, 2005

vv

vv

Secretary of Defense Carter Harold Brown December 21, 1976 January 20, 1977 January 20, 1977 vv

Reagan Caspar Weinberger

Frank Carlucci

December 11, 1980

November 5, 1987

January 20, 1981

November 5, 1987

January 20, 1981

November 20, 1987

97-2 rec. vote #1

91-1 rec. vote #385

Bush John Tower

Richard Cheney

December 16, 1988

March 10, 1989

January 20, 1989

March 14, 1989

Disapproved March 9, 1989

March 17, 1989

47-53 rec. vote #20

92-0 rec. vote #26

Clinton Les Aspin

William Perry

William Cohen

December 22, 1992

January 24, 1994

December 5, 1996

January 20, 1993

January 26, 1994

January 7, 1997

January 20, 1993

February 3, 1994

January 22, 1997

vv

97-0 rec. vote #23

99-0 rec. vote #2

Bush Donald Rumsfeld

Robert Gates

December 28, 2000

November 8, 2006

January 20, 2001

December 4, 2006

January 20, 2001

December 6, 2006

vv

95-2 rec. vote #272

Secretary of Education

(Established May 4, 1980)

P.L. 96-88, October 17, 1979

Carter Shirley Hufstedler October 30, 1979 November 14, 1979 November 30, 1979 81-2 rec. vote #449

Reagan Terrel Bell

William Bennett

Lauro Cavazos, Jr.

January 7, 1981

January 10, 1985

August 9, 1988

January 20, 1981

January 18, 1985

August 10, 1988

January 22, 1981

February 6, 1985

September 20, 1988

90-2 rec. vote #15

93-0 rec. vote #2

94-0 rec. vote.#333

Bush Lauro Cavazos, Jr.

Lamar Alexander

November 21, 1988

December 17, 1990

Cont’d from previous admin.

January 22, 1991 March 14, 1991 vv

Clinton Richard Riley December 21, 1992 January 20, 1993 January 21, 1993 UC

Bush Roderick Paige

Margaret Spellings

December 29, 2000

November 17, 2004

January 20, 2001

January 4, 2005

January 20, 2001

January 20, 2005

vv

vv

Secretary of Energy 

(Established October 1, 1977)

P.L. 95-91, August 4, 1977

Carter James Schlesinger

Charles Duncan, Jr. 

August 4, 1977

July 20, 1979 

August 4, 1977

July 21, 1979

August 4, 1977

July 31, 1979

vv

95-1 rec. vote #241

Reagan James B. Edwards

Donald Hodel

John Herrington

December 20, 1980

November 5, 1982 

January 10, 1985 

January 20, 1981

November 15, 1982

January 18, 1985

January 22, 1981

December 8, 1982

February 6, 1985

93-3 rec. vote #14

86-8 rec. vote #399

93-1 rec. vote #3

Bush James Watkins January 12, 1989 January 20, 1989 March 1, 1989 99-0 rec. vote #17
3

Clinton Hazel O=Leary

Federico Pena

Bill Richardson

December 21, 1992

December 20, 1996 

June 18, 1998

January 20, 1993

January 28, 1997

July 14, 1998

January 21, 1993

March 12, 1997

July 31, 1998

UC

99-1 rec. vote #30

vv

Bush Spencer Abraham

Sam Bodman

January 2, 2001

December 10, 2004

January 20, 2001

January 4, 2005

January 20, 2001

January 31, 2005

vv

vv

Secretary of Health and 

Human Services

(Renamed May 4, 1980)

P.L. 96-88, October 17, 1979

Carter Joseph Califano, Jr.

Patricia Harris

December 23, 1976

July 19, 1979 

January 20, 1977

July 20, 1979

January 24, 1977

July 27, 1979

95-1 rec. vote #7

vv 

Reagan Richard Schweiker

Margaret Heckler

Otis Bowen

December 11, 1980

January 12, 1983 

November 7, 1985 

January 20, 1981

February 22, 1983

December 4, 1985 

January 21, 1981

March 3, 1983

December 12, 1985

99-0 rec. vote #4

82-3 rec. vote #8

93-2 rec. vote #373

Bush Louis Sullivan December 22, 1988 January 20, 1989 March 1, 1989 98-1 rec. vote #16

Clinton Donna Shalala December 11, 1992 January 20, 1993 January 21, 1993 UC

Bush Tommy Thompson

Michael Leavitt

December 29, 2000

December 13, 2004

January 20, 2001

January 4, 2005

January 24, 2001

January 26, 2005

100-0 rec. vote #4

vv

Secretary of Homeland 

Security

(Established January 24, 

2003)

P.L. 107-296, November 25, 

2002

Bush Thomas Ridge

Bernard Kerik2

Michael Chertoff

November 25, 2002

December 3, 2004

January 11, 2005

January 7, 2003

January 31, 2005

January 22, 2003

February 15, 2005

94-0 rec. vote #13

98-0 rec. vote #10

Secretary of Housing and 

Urban Development

Carter Patricia Harris

Moon Landrieu

December 21, 1976

July 27, 1979 

January 20, 1977

August 2, 1979

January 20, 1977

September 12, 1979

vv 

97-0 rec. vote #274 

Reagan Samuel Pierce, Jr. December 22, 1980 January 20, 1981 January 22, 1981 98-0 rec. vote #11

Bush Jack Kemp December 19, 1988 January 20, 1989 February 2, 1989 100-0 rec. vote #9

Clinton Henry Cisneros

Andrew Cuomo

December 17, 1992

December 20, 1996

January 20, 1993

January 7, 1997

January 21, 1993

January 29, 1997

UC

99-0 rec. vote #3

Bush Melquiades Martinez

Alphonso Jackson

Steven Preston

December 20, 2000

December 12, 2003

April 18, 2008

January 20, 2001

January 28, 2004

May 1, 2008

January 23, 2001

March 31, 2004

June 4, 2008

100-0 rec. vote #3

vv

vv

Secretary of the Interior Carter Cecil Andrus December 18, 1976 January 20, 1977 January 20, 1977 vv

Reagan James Watt December 22, 1980 January 20, 1981 January 22, 1981 83-12 rec. vote #13 

 2 Withdrawn December 10, 2004.
4

William Clark

Donald Hodel

October 13, 1983 

January 10, 1985

October 19, 1983

January 23, 1985

November 18, 1983

February 6, 1985

71-18 rec. vote #379

93-1 rec. vote #4

Bush Manuel Lujan, Jr. December 22, 1988 January 20, 1989 February 2, 1989 100-0 rec. vote #7

Clinton Bruce Babbitt December 24, 1992 January 20, 1993 January 21, 1993 UC

Bush Gale Norton

Dirk Kempthorne

December 29, 2000

March 16, 2006

January 20, 2001

April 24, 2006

January 30, 2001

May 26, 2006

75-24 rec. vote #6

vv

Secretary of Labor Carter Ray Marshall December 21, 1976 January 20, 1977 January 26, 1977 74-20 rec. vote #12

Reagan Raymond Donovan

William Brock III

Ann McLaughlin

December 16, 1980

March 20, 1985

November 3, 1987 

January 20, 1981

April 17, 1985

December 1, 1987

February 3, 1981

April 26, 1985

December 11, 1987 

80-17 rec. vote #19

vv 

94-0 rec. vote #408 

Bush Elizabeth Dole

Lynn Martin

December 24, 1988

December 14, 1990

January 20, 1989

January 22, 1991

January 25, 1989

February 7, 1991

99-0 rec. vote #2

94-0 rec. vote #11

Clinton Robert Reich

Alexis Herman

December 11, 1992

December 20, 1996

January 20, 1993

January 7, 1997

January 21, 1993

April 30, 1997

UC

85-13 rec. vote #54

Bush Linda Chavez3

Elaine Chao 

January 2, 2001

January 11, 2001 January 29, 2001 January 29, 2001 vv

Secretary of State Carter Cyrus Vance

Edmund Muskie

December 3, 1976

April 29, 1980 

January 20, 1977

May 5, 1980 

January 20, 1977

May 7, 1980

vv

94-2 rec. vote #102

Reagan Alexander Haig, Jr.

George Shultz

December 16, 1980

June 25, 1982 

January 20, 1981

July 1, 1982

January 21, 1981

July 15, 1982

93-6 rec. vote #3 

97-0 rec. vote #216

Bush James Baker III

Lawrence 

EagleburgerR

November 9, 1988

December 8, 1992

January 20, 1989 January 25, 1989 99-0 rec. vote #1

Clinton Warren Christopher

Madeleine Albright

December 22, 1992

December 5, 1996

January 20, 1993

January 7, 1997

January 20, 1993

January 22, 1997

vv

99-0 rec. vote #1

Bush Colin Powell

Condoleezza Rice

December 16, 2000

November 16, 2004

January 20, 2001

January 4, 2005

January 20, 2001

January 26, 2005

vv

85-13 rec. vote #2

Secretary of Transportation Carter Brockman Adams

Neil Goldschmidt

December 14, 1976

July 27, 1979 

January 20, 1977

September 10, 1979

January 20, 1977

September 21, 1979

vv

83-0 rec. vote #307

Reagan Andrew Lewis, Jr.

Elizabeth Dole

December 11, 1980

January 5, 1983

January 20, 1981

January 25, 1983

January 22, 1981

February 1, 1983

98-0 rec. vote #12

97-0 rec. vote #1

 3

Withdrawn January 9, 2001.
5

James Burnley October 8, 1987 November 3, 1987 November 30, 1987 74-0 rec. vote #387

Bush Samuel Skinner

Andrew Card, Jr.

December 22, 1988

January 22, 1992

January 20, 1989

January 30, 1992

January 31, 1989

February 21, 1992

100-0 rec. vote #6

UC

Clinton Federico Pena

Rodney Slater

December 24, 1992 

December 20. 1996

January 20, 1993

January 7, 1997

January 21, 1993

February 6, 1997

UC

98-0 rec. vote #6

Bush Norman Mineta

Mary Peters

January 2, 2001

September 5, 2006

January 24, 2001

September 7, 2006

January 24, 2001

September 29, 2006

100-0 rec. vote #5

vv

Secretary of the Treasury Carter W. Michael 

Blumenthal

G. William Miller

December 14, 1976

July 19, 1979 

January 20, 1977

July 20, 1979

January 20, 1977

August 2, 1979

vv

97-1 rec. vote #247

Reagan Donald Regan

James Baker III

Nicholas Brady

December 11, 1980

January 8, 1985

August 5, 1988

January 20, 1981

January 18, 1985

August 10, 1988

January 21, 1981

January 29, 1985

September 14, 1988

98-0 rec. vote #6

95-0 rec. vote #1 

92-2 rec. vote #328

Bush Nicholas Brady November 15, 1988 Cont’d from previous admin.

Clinton Lloyd Bentsen

Robert Rubin

Lawrence Summers

December 10, 1992

December 6, 1994

May 12, 1999

January 20, 1993

January 4, 1995

June 7, 1999

January 20, 1993

January 10, 1995

July 1, 1999

vv

99-0 rec. vote #12

97-2 rec. vote #195

Bush Paul O’Neill

John Snow

Henry Paulson

December 20, 2000

December 9, 2002

May 30, 2006

January 20, 2001

January 13, 2003

June 19, 2006

January 20, 2001

January 30, 2003

June 28, 2006

vv

UC

vv

Secretary of Veterans Affairs

(Established March 15, 1989)

P.L. 100-527, October 25, 

1988

Bush Edward Derwinski December 22, 1988 January 20, 1989 March 2, 1989 94-0 rec. vote #18

Clinton Jesse Brown

Hershel Gober

Togo West

Hershel Gober4

(acting)

December 17, 1992

July 3, 1997 

December 2, 1997

January 20, 1993

July 31, 1997

January 27, 1998

January 21, 1993

Withdrawn October 27, 1997

April 28, 1998

UC

vv

Bush Anthony Principi

Jim Nicholson

James Peake

December 29, 2000

December 9, 2004

October 30, 2007

January 20, 2001

January 4, 2005

November 15, 2007

January 23, 2001

January 26, 2005

December 14, 2007

100-0 rec. vote #2

vv

vv

Cabinet Rank Members

(requiring Senate confirmation)

 4

Named acting secretary of veterans affairs on July 25, 2000.
6

Administrator, Environmental 

Protection Agency

Carter Douglas Costle February 16, 1977 February 21, 1977 March 4, 1977 vv 

Reagan Anne Gorsuch

William Ruckelshaus

Lee Thomas

February 21, 1981

March 21, 1983

November 29, 1984

April 3, 1981

April 28, 1983

January 25, 1985

May 5, 1981

May 17, 1983

February 7, 1985

UC

97-0 rec. vote #87 

vv 

Bush William Kane Reilly December 22, 1988 January 20, 1989 February 2, 1989 100-0 rec. vote #10

Clinton Carol Browner December 10, 1992 January 20, 1993 January 21, 1993 UC

Bush Christine Whitman

Michael Leavitt

Stephen Johnson

December 22, 2000

August 11, 2003

March 4, 2005

January 20, 2001

September 3, 2003

March 17, 2005

January 30, 2001

October 28, 2003

April 28, 2005

99-0 rec. vote #7

88-8 rec. vote #412

vv

US Trade Representative Carter Robert Strauss

Reubin Askew

March 11, 1977

August 8, 1979

March 11, 1977

September 12, 1979

March 29, 1977

September 25, 1979

UC

UC

Reagan William Brock

Clayton Yeutter

January 15, 1981

April 2, 1985

January 20, 1981

June 11, 1985

January 21, 1981

June 27, 1985

99-0 rec. vote #5

vv

Bush Carla Hills December 6, 1988 January 20, 1989 January 31, 1989 100-0 rec. vote #4

Clinton Mickey Kantor

Charlene Barshefsky5

December 24, 1992

December 13, 1996

January 20, 1993

January 7, 1997

January 21, 1993

March 5, 1997

UC

99-1 rec. vote #27

Bush Robert Zoellick

Rob Portman

Susan Schwab

January 11, 2001

March 17, 2005

April 18, 2006

January 29, 2001

April 13, 2005

May 3, 2006

February 6, 2001

April 28, 2005

June 8, 2006

98-0 rec. vote #9

vv

vv

Administrator, Small 

Business Administration

Carter Arthur Weaver March 22, 1977 March 22, 1977 April 1, 1977 UC

Reagan Michael Cardenas

James Sanders

James Abdnor

February 20, 1981

February 4, 1982

December 23, 1986

March 18, 1981

March 8, 1982

March 10, 1987

March 26, 1981

March 29, 1982

March 20, 1987

UC

UC

vv

Bush Susan Engeleiter

Patricia Saiki

January 25, 1989

March 12, 1991

April 6, 1989

March 12, 1991

April 19, 1989

March 21, 1991

UC

UC

Clinton Erskine Bowles

Philip Lader

Aida Alvarez

March 16, 1993

September 23, 1994

December 20, 1996

April 28, 1993 

October 4, 1994

January 7, 1997

May 7, 1993

October 8, 1994

February 13, 1997

UC

vv

vv

Bush Hector Barreto, Jr. 

Steven Preston

April 3, 2001

April 25, 2006

May 1, 2001

April 25, 2006

July 25, 2001

June 29, 2006

vv

vv

Director, Office of National Bush William Bennett January 12 , 1989 January 20, 1989 March 9, 1989 97-2 rec. vote #21

 5

Named acting trade representative on April 12, 1996
7

Drug Control Policy

(created by P.L. 100-690, 

November 18, 1988)

Bob Martinez November 30, 1990 January 22, 1991 March 21, 1991 88-12 rec. vote #41

Clinton Lee Brown

Barry McCaffrey

April 28 , 1993

January 23, 1996

May 20, 1993

January 24, 1996

June 16, 1993

February 29, 1996

UC

vv

Bush John Walters May 10, 2001 June 5, 2001*

September 4, 2001 December 5, 2001 vv

Ambassador to the United 

Nations

Carter Andrew Young

Donald McHenry

December 16, 1976

August 31, 1979

January 20, 1977

September 13, 1979

January 26, 1977

September 21, 1979

89-3 rec. vote #14

83-0 rec. vote #306

Reagan Jeane Kirkpatrick

Vernon Walters

December 22, 1980

February 8, 1985

January 15, 1981

March 25, 1985

January 29, 1981

May 16, 1985

81-0 rec. vote #18

vv

Bush Thomas Pickering

Edward Perkins

December 6, 1988

February 24, 1992

January 20, 1989

March 17, 1992

March 7, 1989

April 2, 1992

99-0 rec. vote #19

UC

Clinton Madeline Albright

Bill Richardson

Richard Holbrooke

December 22, 1992

December 13, 1996

June 18, 1998

January 20, 1993

January 7, 1997

February 10, 1999

January 26, 1993

February 11, 1997

August 5, 1999

UC

100-0 rec. vote #9

81-16 rec. vote #259

Bush John Negroponte

John Danforth

John BoltonR

Zalmay Khalilzad

March 5, 2001

June 4, 2004

March 7, 2005

January 8, 2007

May 14, 2001*

September 4, 2001

June 14, 2004

March 17, 2005

February 12, 2007

September 14, 2001

June 24, 2004

March 29, 2007

vv

vv

vv

Director, Federal Emergency

Management Agency

(created by EO 12127, March 

31, 1979)

Agency transferred to 

Homeland Security Dept., by 

P.L. 107-296, November 25, 

2002. No longer cabinet rank.

Carter John Macy May 3, 1979 June 14, 1979 July 27, 1979 UC

Reagan Louis Giuffrida

Julius Becton

February 4, 1981

September 27, 1985

April 3, 1981

September 30, 1985

May 19, 1981

October 28, 1985

UC

vv

Bush Wallace Stickney May 4, 1990 May 7, 1990 August 4, 1990 UC

Clinton James Witt February 12, 1993 March 16, 1993 April 5, 1993 UC

Bush Joseph Allbaugh January 4, 2001 February 6, 2001 February 15, 2001 91-0 rec. vote #13

Director, Office of 

Management and Budget

Carter Thomas Lance

James T. McIntyre, Jr.

December 3, 1976

December 27, 1977

January 20, 1977

January 20, 1978

January 20, 1977

March 21, 1978

vv

UC 

Reagan David Stockman

James Miller

December 11, 1980

July 19, 1985

January 20, 1981

August 1, 1985

January 27, 1981

October 4, 1985

93-0 rec. vote #17 

90-2 rec. vote #202

Bush Richard Darman November 21, 1988 January 20, 1989 January 25, 1989 100-0 rec. vote #3

Clinton Leon Panetta

Alice Rivlin

December 10, 1992

June 27, 1994 

January 20, 1993

September 16, 1994

January 21, 1993

October 7, 1994

UC

vv
8

Franklin Raines

Jacob Lew

April 12, 1996 

April 14, 1998 

May 23, 1996

May 13, 1998

September 6, 1996

July 31, 1998

vv

vv

Bush Mitchell Daniels, Jr.

Joshua Bolten

Rob Portman

Jim Nussle

December 22, 2000

May 22, 2003

April 18, 2006

June 19, 2007

January 20, 2001

June 3, 2003

April 27, 2006

June 25, 2007

January 23, 2001

June 26, 2003

May 26, 2006

September 4, 2007

100-0 rec. vote #1

vv

vv

69-24 rec. vote #311

vv = voice vote

UC = unanimous consent

R = recess appointment

* = Returned to President under Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.

BibliographyByrd, Robert C., The Senate, 1789-1989, Washington: GPO, 1988.

Garcia, Rogelio, Senate Action on Cabinet Nominations, 1789-1985, Congressional Research Service, report #85-1120.

Grossman, Mark, Encyclopedia of the United States Cabinet, Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio, 2000.

updated November 28, 2017