# Patent

## Title
Joint seal system

## Abstract

An integral multilayer joint seal system. Layers of foam, layered co-planar to the adjacent surface, are interspersed with a barrier layer. The foam layers may be uncompressed or partially compressed at the time of joint formation and may be composed of open or closed, or hybrid, cell foam. The foam may be impregnated with a fire retardant or may be composed of a fire retardant material, if desired. The barrier may have a tensile strength greater than the adjacent foam and may be different in dimensions from the layers of foam. The joint may have an elastomer, such as silicone, at its top and/or bottom, and may even include an elastomer layer within or about the barrier.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/946,311, filed Feb. 28, 2014 for “Joint Seal System,” is hereby claimed and the specification thereof is incorporated herein by reference.


STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
Not Applicable.
BACKGROUND
1. Field
The present disclosure relates generally to systems for creating a durable seal between adjacent panels, including those which may be subject to temperature expansion and contraction or mechanical shear. More particularly, the present disclosure is directed to providing an integral multilayer joint seal system against one or more of water, fire, sound, air, smell, radiation, resistant and/or heat.
2. Description of the Related Art
Construction panels come in many different sizes and shapes and may be used for various purposes, including roadways, sideways, and pre-cast structures, particularly buildings. Use of precast concrete panels for interior and exterior walls, ceilings and floors, for example, has become more prevalent. As precast panels are often aligned in generally abutting relationship, forming a lateral gap or joint between adjacent panels to allow for independent movement, such in response to ambient temperature variations within standard operating ranges, building settling or shrinkage and seismic activity. Moreover, these joints are subject to damage over time. Most damage is from vandalism, wear, and environmental factors, where the seal may become thick and inflexible or are fragile. As a result, “long lasting” in the industry refers to a joint likely to be usable for a period greater than the typical lifespan of five (5) years. Various seals have been created in the field.
Various seal systems and configurations have been developed for imposition between these panels to provide seals which provide one or more of fire protection, waterproofing, and air insulation. This typically is accomplished with a seal created by imposition of multiple constituents in the joint, such as silicone application, backer bars, and compressible foams.
These systems, however, often fail due to the differences in compression and expansion of the various constituents, or the lack of bonding between layers, or because the system is directed to a particular purpose, such as water-resistance, but is exposed to fire, causing the seal system to fail and permit water to migrate behind the seal system. Vandalism, normal wear and environmental exposure can change or defeat the properties of the exposed surface coating or membrane. There is also the case where the best material or barrier may not be used because it is aesthetically unpleasing or cannot easily be colored. By moving the membrane feature to an internal level sufficient to protect it and allow for the best properties of the joint sealant, these limitations can be overcome and the useful lifespan extended.
Additionally, in some cases the movement of the joint may be limited, sometimes to only twenty-five percent (+/−25%) in compression and expansion, for a total movement of only fifty percent (50%). These systems often use closed-cell, rather than open-cell, polyurethane foams. The need exists for a seismic joint having a fifty percent (50%) movement in each direction, for a movement total of one hundred percent (100%).
It would be an improvement to the art to provide a joint seal system which would include a plurality of compressible layers joined into a single unit prior to imposition and which includes a membrane barrier positioned intermediate two compressible layers. It would be further improvement to provide the various compressible layers with differing waterproofing and/or fire rating properties.
Additionally, for joints greater than the one (1) inch size, typically of pre-compressed joint sealants with a silicone face, a myriad of potential failure risks exist. Typically the surface coating of these joints is relatively thin and can be damaged. Where joint substrate is irregular, a complete seal at the joint face might not be accomplished. Water intrusion from behind the joint face could find its way into or past the joint sealant and may result in poor performance or a leak, particularly problematic is products that rely on water-based intumescent surface coating, which can delaminate if subject to continuous moisture.
It would therefore be an improvement to safeguard the critical functions, by way of membrane barrier or the membrane barrier separating different operations of the foam, away from the surface where they can be damaged or bypassed. Thus, the joint seal surface will serve its primary aesthetic function of filling the joint with a matching or pleasing color without having the primary purpose of the system (water, fire etc) subject to failure from superficial damage.
Additionally, foam sealants can take a compression set at some point. If the foam sealant systems designed based on laminations (acrylics or strong pressure sensitive adhesives's in particular) are parallel to the joint substrate, they tend to separate over time, losing their sealant properties. The norm for these pressure sensitive adhesives impregnated systems is to use multiple, parallel laminations that are held together by their own adhesive force. These types of systems rely heavily on the elastomer surface coating for sealing and intumescent surface coatings for fire resistance. If there is any damage to the thin (60 mil or less coating) the system will not perform as designed. This is further complicated by the use of the multiple laminations that if separated would let water, smoke or fire penetrate the system. Failure of any of these listed shortcomings will reduce the useful lifespan of the joint sealant.
Because the primary sealant is always subject to adhesive, cohesive and environmental forces and therefore tends to wear out over time and leak, it is a good practice to have redundant systems.
Therefore it would be an improvement to provide a joint seal with its own redundancy, particularly with regard to compression of foam seals.
Finally, it would be an improvement to provide a joint seal having a laminated or profiled lamination structure that could benefit from the push pull function of the joint.
SUMMARY
The present disclosure therefore meets the above needs and overcomes one or more deficiencies in the prior art by providing a joint seal system which provides a plurality of compressible layers, which may have different fire rating properties, joined into a single unit prior to imposition and which includes a barrier intermediate the plurality of compressible layers.
The disclosure provides a multi-layer joint system wherein layers of foam, layered co-planar to the adjacent surface, are interspersed with a barrier layer. The foam layers may be uncompressed or partially compressed at the time of joint seal formation and may be composed of an open cell, closed cell or hybrid foam impregnated or infused with a pressure-sensitive adhesive, which could be acrylic, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), rubber, wax asphalt or others apparent to those experienced in the trade, or an unprocessed open or closed, or hybrid, cell foam. A foam may be impregnated with a fire retardant, if at all, or may be composed of a fire retardant material, if desired. The barrier may have a tensile strength greater than the adjacent foam (which may be much greater). The joint seal may have an elastomer, such as silicone, at its top and/or bottom, and may even include an elastomer layer within the barrier.
The joint seal therefore includes a first body of compressible foam, a second body of compressible foam, and a barrier adhered to both the first body of compressible foam and the second body of compressible foam, wherein all three components have equivalent lengths and widths and are aligned to provide common ends.
The joint seal is constructed by providing a first body of compressible foam, providing a second body of compressible foam, providing a barrier, adhering the barrier to the first body of compressible foam at the first body bottom, and cutting the first body of compressible foam, the second body of compressible foam, and the barrier to provide a common first end, a common second end, a common first side and a common second side.
In an alternative embodiment, the joint seal includes a first body of compressible foam, a second body of compressible foam, and a barrier adhered to both the first body of compressible foam and the second body of compressible foam, wherein the foam bodies have equivalent lengths and widths but the barrier extends beyond the edge of the first body of compressible foam on at least one side, which may turned up or down and adhered to the foam or the substrate, or which may be driven into adjacent joint systems or may be overlaid adjacent substrates before being covered with substrate materials or other covering.
The present invention thus provides redundancy, and potentially a status notification of change in critical joint conditions in situ for water-resistant, fire-resistant and/or roof expansion joints.
Additional aspects, advantages, and embodiments of the disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description of the various embodiments and related drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
So that the manner in which the described features, advantages, and objects of the disclosure, as well as others which will become apparent, are attained and can be understood in detail; more particular description of the disclosure briefly summarized above may be had by referring to the embodiments thereof that are illustrated in the drawings, which drawings form a part of this specification. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical preferred embodiments of the disclosure and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope as the disclosure may admit to other equally effective embodiments.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is an illustration of a side view of the expansion joint seal system of the present disclosure.
FIG. 2 is an illustration of an isometric view of the expansion joint seal system of the present disclosure.
FIG. 3 is an illustration of a side view of an alternative expansion joint seal system of the present disclosure.
FIG. 4 is an illustration of a further alternative expansion joint seal system of the present disclosure.
FIG. 5 is an illustration of a further alternative expansion joint seal system of the present disclosure.
FIG. 6 is an illustration of a further alternative expansion joint seal system of the present disclosure,
FIG. 7 is an illustration of a further alternative expansion joint seal system of the present disclosure,
FIG. 8 is an illustration of the further alternative expansion joint seal as installed together with a polymer nosing.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a joint seal 100 is provided for imposition under compression between a first substrate 102 and a second substrate 104 separated by a distance 105. The joint seal 100 includes a first lateral body of compressible foam 120, a second lateral body of compressible foam, and a lateral barrier 134, which are joined together to form an integral unit prior to the imposition under compression between the first substrate 102 and the second substrate 104. The formation of the joint seal 100 as an integral unit prevents the failure typically seal at such joints where a component of the joint system has separated from the joint and partly, or entirely, migrated out of the joint between the two substrates.
Consistent with this purpose, the first body of compressible foam 120 is sized for use in the joint seal system, specifically to extend laterally from a first substrate 102 to a second substrate 104, and therefore has a first body top 118, a first body bottom 122, a first body length 202, a first body first end 204, a first body width 124, a first body first side 206, and a first body second side 207. The first body of compressible foam 120 may be an open-celled foam, a closed-celled foam, or a hybrid foam. The first body of compressible foam 120 may be impregnated with a fire retardant, if at all, or may be composed of a fire retardant material, if desired. The first body width 124 is sized to the distance 105 between the first substrate 102 and the second substrate 104 so as to contact the first substrate 102 at the body first side 206.
Similarly, the second body of compressible foam 128 is sized for formation of an integral unit with the first body of compressible foam 120 and to extend laterally from a first substrate 102 to a second substrate 104. The second body of compressible foam therefore has a second body top 126, a second body bottom 130, and a second body length 208, a second body first end 210, a second body width 132, and a second body first side 212. The second body of compressible foam 128 may be an open-celled foam, a closed-celled foam, or a hybrid foam. The second body of compressible foam 128 may be impregnated with a fire retardant, if at all, or may be composed of a fire retardant material, if desired. The second body width 132 is sized to the distance 105 between the first substrate 102 and the second substrate 104.
While the first body of compressible foam 120 has a first body fire rating, and the second body of compressible foam 128 has a second body fire rating, the first body fire rating need not be the same as the second body fire rating. Moreover, while this first body of compressible foam 120 provides a primary sealant layer, it can be altered as a result of any water which permeates into it, as this changes is properties, thus fire-rating properties may differ in case of water penetration, a circumstance which must be accounted for in any testing regime. Fortunately, because the second body of compressible foam 128 is protected from water penetration by the barrier 134, the fire-rating properties of the second body of compressible foam 128 are not also compromised. A body's fire rating may include the temperature at which the body burns, or flame spreads, or, in conjunction with or as an alternative thereto, the time-duration at which a body passes any one of several test standards known in the art. In one embodiment, the first body fire rating is unequal to the second body fire rating. Selection of the fire rating for the various layers of the joint seal 100 may be made to address operational issues, such as a high fire rating for the first layer, which will be directly exposed to fire, but which may provide limited waterproofing, coupled with a second body of compressible foam 128 which may have a lower fire rating, but a higher waterproofing rating, to address the potential loss of the first body of compressible foam 120 in a fire.
Detection of a compromised primary seal, the first body of compressible foam 120, may be addressed by the inclusion in the joint seal of radio frequency identification devices (RFIDs), which are known in the art, and which may provide identification of circumstances such as moisture penetration and accumulation. The inclusion of an RFID in the joint seal 100 may be particularly advantageous in circumstances where the joint seal 100 is concealed after installation, particularly as moisture sources and penetration may not be visually detected. Thus, by including a low cost, moisture-activated or sensitive RFID above or atop the barrier 134, the user can scan the joint seal 100 for any points of weakness due to water penetration. The barrier 134 may include a heat sensitive RFID, thus permitting identification of actual internal temperature, or identification of temperature conditions requiring attention, such as increased temperature due to the presence of fire, external to the joint or even behind it, such as within a wall.
Fires that start in curtain walls are catastrophic. High and low pressure changes have deleterious effects on the long term structure and the connecting features. Providing real time feedback from sensors, particularly given the inexpensive cost of such sensors, in those areas and particularly where the wind, rain and pressure will have their greatest impact would provide benefit. While the pressure on the wall is difficult to measure, for example, the deflection in a pre-compressed sealant is quite rapid and linear. When used, the temperature sensing function of the barrier 134 may be extended by use of a heat-conductive material in or on the barrier 134 in communication with the RFID. Additionally, an RFID may be in connection with an electrically-conductive membrane 134, such that a break in the membrane 134 may be immediately detected as a result of a change in conductivity. This may be accomplished by a copper membrane, a scrim, or mesh. A Faraday cage or shield may therefore also be used to limit electrical interference. Additionally, an RFID could be selected which would provide details pertinent to the state of the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) efficiency of the building. Additionally, such an RFID, which could identify and transmit air pressure differential data, could be used in connection with masonry wall designs that have cavity walls or in the curtain wall application, where the air pressure differential inside the cavity wall or behind the cavity wall is critical to maintaining the function of the system. RFIDs may be positioned in other locations with the joint seal 100 to provide beneficial data. An RFID may be positioned within first body of compressible foam 120 at or near the first body top 118 to provide prompt notice of detection of heat outside typical operating parameters, so as to indicate potential fire or safety issues. Such a positioning would be advantageous in horizontal of confined areas. An RFID positioned within first body of compressible foam 120 at or near the first body top 118 might alternatively be selected to provide moisture penetration data, beneficial in cases of failure or conditions beyond design parameters. In both cases, the RFID provides notice of exposure from the surface of the joint seal 100 most distant from the base of the joint. Alternatively, or in addition, an RFID can be positioned at or near the second body bottom 130 of the second body of compressible foam 128 to provide the same data (fire or water penetration) from the side most distant to the surface sealed. Further, RFIDs could be positioned at or near each end 204 of the first body of compressible foam 120 and/or the second body of compressible foam 128 so as to communicate relative position to the RFID positioned in the adjacent joint seal 100, such as where butt ends are spliced together, so as to identify any separation, or misalignment, of adjacent joint seals 100. Similarly, an RFID may be selected which provides notice of RF loss.
With the first body of compressible foam 120 and the second body of compressible foam 128, the joint seal 100 includes a barrier 134, positioned intermediate the first body of compressible foam 120 and the second body of compressible foam 128 so as to be laterally aligned with each and to extend laterally from at or near a first substrate 102 to at or near a second substrate 104. So as to be sized with the first body of compressible foam 120 and the second body of compressible foam 128, the barrier 134 has a barrier length 214, a barrier width 136 a barrier first end 216, and a barrier first side 218. The relative thickness of each body 120, 128 and of a barrier 134 is dependent on the compositions selected for each layer, the overall thickness of the joint seal 100, and the operating width of the joint seal 100. In the preferred embodiment, the thickness of the bodies do not vary by more than fifty percent (50%) from one another, and no barrier is less than twenty-five percent (25%) of the thickness of the thinnest body 120, 128.
Preferably, the second body of compressible foam 128 is twice the thickness of the first body of compressible foam 120, which has the benefit of moving the barrier 134 closer to the surface where the barrier 134 can better transfer loads, particularly when wider than the first body of compressible foam 120.
The barrier 134 includes a layer of a heat barrier, an infrared barrier, a high tensile barrier, a water barrier, air barrier and/or or a vapor barrier. In cases of wider pre-compressed foam-based expansion joints, the barrier 134 may be formed of a heavy duty membrane, having an increased thickness and durability to provide beneficial support for such wider joints, particularly horizontal joints up to twelve inches (12′′) in width,
This structure provides improved durability to a known problem in the art regarding wide joints, particularly traffic joints, which must sustain pedestrian and vehicular traffic and the highly concentrated forces associated with such traffic, such as, for example, small or narrow heels. A barrier 134 having a thickness of at least 0.03 inches (30 mil) better supports transfer loads such as cart wheels and foot traffic and provides durability comparable to use of a cover plate or assembly of spline and cover plate. The profile cut illustrated in FIG. 6, for example, is particularly beneficial in electromagnetic field (EMF) applications. Typically in such situations, the type of copper foil associated with the EMF shielding fatigues and fails after a small number of cycles if required to randomly self “accordion” or flex within the foam. A barrier 134 of copper foil having a thickness of at least 0.1875 inches or a copper scrim ten (10) inches by ten (10) inches provides cycling durability equivalent to that experienced over five years of thermal cycling.
The membrane barrier is important for secondary containment applications where the joint is unattended for long period but must perform in an emergency. If the exposed surface is damaged or worn out it will fail. The internal sealing membrane barrier will be protected and will serve its intended function. The barrier 134 is sufficient to preclude penetration under intended operating conditions, such that a barrier for a one-hour rated fire-resistant expansion joint provides a sufficient barrier to ensure, together with the other components, including the various bodies and any other barriers, that the joint seal passes the applicable test used to determine the fire-rating.
By laminating in a coplanar orientation, the foam of the first body 120 or the second body 128 is not separated by the normal cyclical movement of the joint like is possible/common with parallel laminations under compression and extension cycling. In some embodiments, no stretching or tension is placed on the membrane barrier design so it may be installed such that it is never under tension. The membrane barrier would always be wider than or at least equivalent to the joint into which it is installed in or in the case of a rigid barrier such as a copper EMS system it would be smaller and the foam edges would compress and expand.
In the first embodiments of the joint seal 100, these various dimensions are generally equivalent. The first body length 202, the barrier length 214 and the second body length 208 are generally equivalent for provide a common length. Similarly, the first body width 124, the barrier width 136, and the second body width 132 are generally equivalent for provide a common width.
To form the integral whole, the barrier 134 is adhered to the first body of compressible foam 120 at the first body bottom 122, the barrier 134 is adhered to the second body of compressible foam 128 at the second body top 126. This may be accomplished by use of a conventional adhesive. The group of the first body first end 204, the second body first end 210, and the barrier first end 216 are co-planar, and the group of the first body first side 206, the second body first side 212, and the barrier first side 218 are also co-planar.
When installed, the joint seal 100 provides advantages over the prior art. When installed, the joint seal 100 is compressed between the first substrate 102 and the second substrate 104, such that each side of the joint seal 100 is in contact with an exposed side 112, 114 of the first substrate 102 and the second substrate 104. While the joint seal 100 may be maintained in place with adhesive on its sides, some water resistance is provided as a result of the joint seal 100 remaining in some compression after installation. The joint seal 100 is selected for use where at least the first body width 124 is greater, absent any lateral forces on the joint seal 100, than the distance or gap 105 between the exposed side 112 of the first substrate 102 and the exposed side 116 of the second substrate 104. The joint seal 100 is laterally compressed and in positioned in the gap between the first substrate 102 and the second substrate, and preferably below, or equivalent with, one or both of the top surface 101 of the first substrate 102, a distance 110 above the bottom of the gap 105, and the top surface 103 of the second substrate 104, a distance of 114 above the bottom of the gap 105. As the first body width 124 is greater than the distance or gap 105 between the exposed side 112 of the first substrate 102 and the exposed side 116 of the second substrate 104, the joint seal 100 remains in compression. The lateral forces attempting to return to the joint seal 100 to the uncompressed, original state, cause the joint seal 100 to remain in place and for any adhesive to remain in full contact with the sides 112, 116 of the substrates 102, 104.
When exposed to fire, the first body of compressible foam 120 may be partially, or entirely, consumed by fire, but the barrier 134 prevents the fire from consuming the second body of compressible foam 128, such that when fire suppression equipment is used, the first body of compressible foam 120 may be blown out of the joint, but the remaining second body of compressible foam 128 and barrier 134 prevent water or other materials from entering the joint between the panels, which could otherwise require removal of the panels.
The joint seal 100 may further include an elastomer 138, such as silicone, adhered to the first body top 118 and/or to the bottom of the bottom-most layer, the second body bottom 130 in the first embodiment.
Referring now to FIG. 3, in another embodiment, the joint seal 100 may further include a third body of compressible foam 302 and a second barrier 304. In this embodiment, the third body of compressible foam 302 includes a third body top 306, a third body bottom 308, a third body length 310, a third body first end 312, a third body width 314, and a third body first side 316. The first body length 202 and the third body length 310 are equivalent, and the first body width 124 and the third body width 314 are equivalent. In this embodiment, the second barrier 304 is adhered to the second body of compressible foam 128 at the second body bottom 130 and is adhered to the third body of compressible foam 302 at the third body top 306. The second barrier 304 would include a layer of a heat barrier, an infrared barrier, a high tensile barrier, a water barrier, air barrier and/or a vapor barrier, which need not be identical to the barrier 134. The first body first end 204 and the second barrier first end 315 are co-planar, and the first body first side 206 and the second barrier first side 318 are co-planar. The relative thickness of the third body of compressible foam 302 and of the second barrier 304 is likewise dependent on the compositions selected for each layer, the overall thickness of the joint seal 100, and the operating width of the joint seal 100. In the preferred embodiment, the thickness of the third body of compressible foam 302 does not vary by more than twenty-five percent (25%) from the other bodies, and the second barrier 304 is less than twenty-five percent (10%) of the thickness of the thinnest body 120, 128, 302.
The barrier 134 and the second barrier 304 need not be a solid when adhered to the respective bodies of compressible foam, but may be a liquid, including or separate from, the adhesive. Moreover, the embodiment of FIG. 3 may be constructed with the equivalently-sized profile cut for the first body of compressible foam 120, the barrier 134, the second barrier 304, the second body of compressible foam 128, and the third body of compressible foam 302, while the second barrier 304 may utilize the wing 602 and sinusoidal shape depicted in FIG. 6. As a result, a barrier which is between 0.1875 and 0.325 inches wide but the same height allows for a barrier thickness of up to 0.06 inches (60 mils). Where a barrier, whether the barrier 134 or a second barrier 304, is formed of rigid copper, particularly a rigid copper barrier formed in a sinusoidal shape, it is advantageous for the each body of compressible foam 120, 128 abutting the barrier to formed to the same sinusoidal shape so that the components mesh together. Thus, the second barrier 304 may be set in nosing or concrete, or supplied with an adhesive on the ends or underside of the second barrier 304 to facilitate the installation of the joint seal 100 in deep joint substrates.
The joint seal 100 is constructed by providing a first body of compressible foam 120, providing a second body of compressible foam 128, providing a barrier 134, adhering the barrier 134 to the first body of compressible foam 120 at the first body bottom 122, and cutting the first body of compressible foam 120, the second body of compressible foam 128, and the barrier 134 to provide a common first end, a common second end, a common first side and a common second side.
The method of construction may further include providing a third body of compressible foam 302, providing a second barrier 304, adhering the second barrier 304 to the second body of compressible foam 128 and to the third body of compressible foam 302, and cutting the third body of compressible foam 302 and second barrier 304 at the common first end, at the common second end, at the common first side and at the common second side.
Once these components are joined into an integral unit, the joint seal 100 may be cut to length and compressed and imposed between the first substrate 102 and the second substrate 104. The integral unit provides advantages after the prior art. Because the components are joined into the joint seal 100 prior to installation, the dimensions of the components are equal, providing a full edge on each surface, avoiding the potential of exposed surfaces and permitting better joining at the butt of each joint seal 100. Moreover, because the components are joined prior to installation in the gap, a complete adhesion between each component and the adjacent component is obtained, rather than the potential for air gaps between components and avoiding the potential for any offset in the actual gap, which could frustrate performance. Additionally, because the components are made integral before installation in the gap, the barrier is assured to be in the correct position, such that destruction of the top body of compressible foam is destroyed or rendered inoperable, the barrier maintains its function.
Additionally, the first body of compressible foam 120, the second body of compressible foam 128, and where present, the third body of compressible foam 302 may be provided with different compression ratios. Different compression ratios would facilitate the installation process and allow for compression ratios to be used that were previously unachievable in a single compression ratio system, such as where the first body of compressible foam 120 may have a lower compression ratio, while other bodies of compressible foam may have higher compression ratios, resulting in a joint seal 100 which is more watertight at the bottom, while more flexible on the top. As can be appreciated, this structure may be reversed for different properties.
Referring now to FIG. 4, in an alternative embodiment 400, the joint seal includes a first body of compressible foam 120, a second body of compressible foam 128, and a barrier 134 adhered to both the first body of compressible foam 120 and the second body of compressible foam 128, wherein the compressible bodies have equivalent lengths and widths but the barrier extends beyond the edge of the first body of compressible foam 120 on at least one side to provide a wing 402 can be turned up (or down) and adhered, at installation, to the substrate 102, 104. Additionally, a slow drying adhesive may be applied to the wing 402 before insertion. Traditional, faster drying adhesive, such as epoxy, are to be avoided as they can cure before insertion.
This embodiment allows the barrier 134 to extend past the compressible body laminations and be used as wing 402 to be set into the concrete substrate 102 or polymer nosing 804, as illustrated in FIG. 8. This is helpful for split face concrete or application where it is desirable to extend the properties of the barrier 134 past the edge of the joint substrate 102, 104.
Referring to now to FIG. 5, a further alternative embodiment 500 of the joint seal 100 is illustrated. In the further alternative embodiment 500, the barrier 134 protrudes beyond an end of the joint seal 100, providing a tab 502. The barrier 134 may not be adhered to either the first body of compressible foam 120 or to the second body of compressible foam 128 and an opposing end, or potentially at both ends of the joint seal 100, providing a separable gap 504. As a result, the tab 502 of one unit of the joint seal 100 may be inserted into the end of an adjacent joint seal 100 in the separable gap 504. The length of the tab 502 and the distance of separable gap 504 may be as much, or even more than, two inches. For example, a sixty (60) inch length of joint seal 500 may include a three (3) inch tab 502 and a matching length gap 504 where the lamination of the first body 120, the barrier 134, and the second body 128 are bonded together, so that unbonded tab 502 may be inserted and joined, such as with an adhesive on one or both of its top and bottom, to provide a continuous and overlapping joint system. An adhesive seal may be used on each tab 502 or in each separable gap 504 to tie adjacent joint seals 100 together so as to provide a continuous barrier along the length of the joint. This resolves a weakness, which may be substantial, of joint unions in joint construction and common cause of failure, which is usually accomplished only by bonding the butt ends of the joint seals 100 together.
Referring now to FIG. 6, in another further alternative embodiment of the joint seal 600, the barrier 134, which could be installed with a sinusoidal structure to encourage deformation and rebounding, could extend outside the edges of the first body 120 and the second body 128 to provide a wing 602 to use an anchoring device and/or a continuation of the beneficial properties of the barrier 134. An example would be using a water and fire resistant foam as the first body 120 with a thick durable reinforced rubber or other similar water barrier barrier 134 with a less-water resistant but more fire resistant foam as the second body 128. The rubber barrier 134 would be too thick to compress such that it would work well as a moving joint seal but by using the integral sinusoidal pattern for the barrier 134, the first body 120 and the second body 128 can compress and work as a joint sealant. The rubber barrier 134 would extend past the edge of the first body 120 and the second body 128 such that it could be set into a polymer nosing or concrete or act as part of a split slab barrier. This reduces the likelihood that water can move past the joint sealant 100 even if the top seal generated by the first body 120 fails or the concrete spalls at the edge of the joint. This is additionally helpful because the second body 128 can be selected for higher fire resistance and with lower waterproofing requirements. The wing 602 may include at its edge an anchor 603 of increased thickness.
Referring now to FIG. 7, in another further alternative embodiment 700, the barrier 134 may be of a narrower width than the first body 120 and the second body 128. Thus, the barrier 134 may terminate short of the edge of the first body 120 and the second body 128. This variation allows for the benefit of the different foams for the first body 120 and the second body 128 and also allows for the barrier 134 to accept less compression while still providing its intended properties.
In connection with each embodiment, cutting the first body 120 and the second body 128 into interlocking (male/female) sections using a radius of at least 0.1875 inches permits a thicker barrier 134 to be used without bowing or deformation of the foam, a benefit previously available only when a thin barrier 134 might be used. In the prior art, use of a random accordion style would cause the barrier 134 to fatigue after cycling.
An example is a joint seal using two different fire-rated foams as the first body 120 and the second body 128 adhesively bonded together with a barrier 134 of copper foil to block EMF radiation. A barrier 134 of copper would not be as flexible as the foam of the first body 120 and the second body 128 and would benefit from the sides of the first body 120 and the second body 128 compressing before the barrier 134 of copper would need to compress or flex. The resultant joint sealant 700 would serve to provide a fire resistant material required in sound booths, studios, and concert halls, and offer the benefit of the barrier 134 of copper serving as flexible (compressible) EMF blocking device.
This use of the method would have other uses obvious to those familiar with the trade to provide a flexible or compressible medium or joint for materials that are fragile or too rigid to allow for movement over an expansion joint. A variation to this method for materials that are thick or would require a higher degree of movement would be to cut the foam in such a pattern to allow for the barrier to bend or flex in a wave type pattern. For smaller, thinner barriers the foam is typically resilient and compressible enough to allow for the variation in the barrier. For thicker or more rigid barriers it has been found better to cut the foam into a wavy or zig-zag pattern such that the two sections of foam nest into each other (or male-female sections). Thereafter the barrier is adhered to both sections such that when the resulting joint material is compressed the barrier folds with the foam and allows for greater joint movement than if affixed as a thick straight barrier. Another use of this method is to solve the problem of foam joint sealant densities and separating foams with competing properties. Such is the use of one layer that is designed to be hydrophobic (some may be slightly to keep out a driving rain other more so for standing water) in its function or not all and the second layer is designed to be hydrophilic. In this case the waterproof (and maybe radon proof) barrier separates the hydrophilic layer that will absorb water or moisture increasing its internal compressive force to stop water penetration but does so in a variable method so some water can penetrate before it has expanded enough to seal the joint. This is undesirable and can lead to mold in confined spaces. The first layer can be designed to work as intended and offer a dry exposed surface area.
Preferably and unlike the prior art, the present disclosure permits a joint movement of +/−50%, i.e. 100% total, of Class I, II, III Movement per ASTM E-1399 while serving in joints up to 12′′ wide as a self-supporting horizontal system.
The foregoing disclosure and description is illustrative and explanatory thereof. Various changes in the details of the illustrated construction may be made within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The present invention should only be limited by the following claims and their legal equivalents.

## Claims

1. A joint seal system, comprising:
a joint, the joint having a first substrate and a second substrate separated by a distance;
a first body of compressible foam, the first body of compressible foam having a first body top, a first body bottom, a first body length, a first body first end, a first body width, a first body first side, and a first body second side;
the first body width sized to the distance between the first substrate and the second substrate so as to directly contact the first substrate at the first body first side and the second substrate at the first body second side;
a second body of compressible foam, the second body of compressible foam having a second body top, a second body bottom, and a second body length, a second body first end, a second body width, a second body first side, and a second body second side;
the second body width sized to the distance between the first substrate and the second substrate so as to directly contact the first substrate at the second body first side and the second substrate at the second body second side;
a barrier, the barrier having a barrier length, a barrier width, a barrier first end, a barrier first side, and a barrier second side;
the barrier adhered to the first body of compressible foam at the first body bottom, the barrier adhered to the second body of compressible foam at the second body top, the barrier including a layer from at least one of a heat barrier, an infrared barrier, a high tensile barrier, a water barrier, air barrier and a vapor barrier;
the first body first end and the second body first end being co-planar;
the first body first side and the second body first side being co-planar; and
the first body second side and the second body second side being co-planar.

2. The joint seal system of claim 1, further comprising:
an elastomer adhered to the first body top.

3. The joint seal system of claim 1, wherein the first body of compressible foam has a first body fire rating and the second body of compressible foam has a second body fire rating, the first body fire rating and the second body fire rating being unequal.

4. The joint seal system of claim 1 further comprising:
a third body of compressible foam, the third body of compressible foam having a third body top, a third body bottom, a third body length, a third body first end, a third body width, and a third body first side,
the first body length and the third body length being equivalent, the first body width and the third body width being equivalent, and
a second barrier adhered to the second body of compressible foam at the second body bottom, the second barrier adhered to the third body of compressible foam at the third body top, the second barrier including a layer from one of a heat barrier, an infrared barrier, a high tensile barrier, a water barrier, air barrier or a vapor barrier.

5. The joint seal system of claim 4 further comprising:
the first body first end and the second barrier first end being co-planar, and
the first body first side and the second barrier first side being co-planar.

6. The joint seal system of claim 1 further comprising:
the first body length, the barrier length and the second body length being equivalent.

7. The joint seal system of claim 1 further comprising:
the first body width, the barrier width, and the second body width being equivalent.

8. The joint seal system of claim 1 further comprising:
the first body first end and the barrier first end being co-planar.

9. The joint seal system of claim 1 further comprising:
the second body first side and the barrier first side being co-planar.

10. The joint seal of claim 1 wherein the first substrate is separated from the second substrate by a distance of at least one inch, further comprising:
the first body width being greater than the distance; and
the second body width being greater than the distance.

11. The joint seal system of claim 1 further comprising:
the barrier first end being coplanar with the first body first end.

12. The joint seal system of claim 1 further comprising:
the barrier first side being coplanar with the first body first side.

13. The joint seal system of claim 1 further comprising:
the first body of compressible foam being impregnated with a fire retardant composition delivered in a liquid medium.

14. The joint seal system of claim 1 further comprising:
the first body of compressible foam being composed of a fire retardant medium.

15. The joint seal system of claim 1 further comprising:
the second body of compressible foam being impregnated with a fire retardant composition delivered in a liquid medium.

16. The joint seat system of claim 1 further comprising:
the second body of compressible foam being composed of a fire retardant medium.

17. The joint seal system of claim 1 further comprising:
a moisture sensitive radio frequency identification device in contact with the first body of compressible foam.

18. The joint seal system of claim 1 further comprising:
the first body of compressible foam having a first body thickness,
the second body of compressible foam having a second body thickness,
wherein the first body thickness is not less than one half the second body thickness.

19. The joint seal system of claim 1 further comprising:
the first body of compressible foam having a first body thickness,
the barrier having a barrier thickness,
wherein the barrier thickness is not less than one half the second body thickness.

20. The joint seal system of claim 1 wherein the barrier extends beyond the first body first side.

21. The joint seal system of claim 20, further comprising:
a slow drying adhesive applied to a surface of the barrier extending beyond the first body first side.

22. The joint seal system of claim 20, further comprising:
the barrier having a thickened edge.

23. The joint seal system of claim 1, wherein the barrier further includes a tab extending beyond the first body first end and wherein the barrier length is equivalent to the first body length.

24. The joint seal system of claim 1 further comprising:
a heat sensitive radio frequency identification device.

25. The joint seal system of claim 1 further comprising:
a radio frequency identification device in electrical connection with an electrically-conductive membrane.

26. The joint seal system of claim 1 further comprising:
a heat sensitive radio frequency identification device in connection with a heat-conductive membrane.

27. A joint seal for imposition under compression between a first substrate and a second substrate separated by a distance,
comprising
a first body of compressible foam, the first body of compressible foam having a first body top, a first body bottom, a first body length, a first body first end, a first body width, a first body first side, and a first body second side;
the first body width sized to the distance between the first substrate and the second substrate so as to contact the first substrate at the body first side;
a second body of compressible foam, the second body of compressible foam having a second body top, a second body bottom, a second body length, a second body first end, a second body width, a second body first side, and a second body second side;
the second body width sized to the distance between the first substrate and the second substrate;
a barrier, the barrier having a barrier length, a barrier width, a barrier first end, a barrier first side, and a barrier second side;
the barrier adhered to the first body of compressible foam at the first body bottom, the barrier adhered to the second body of compressible foam at the second body top, the barrier including a layer from at least one of a heat barrier, an infrared barrier, a high tensile barrier, a water barrier, air barrier and a vapor barrier;
the first body first end and the second body first end being co-planar;
the first body first side and the second body first side being co-planar; and
the first body second side and the second body second side being co-planar;
wherein the barrier is composed of copper having a sinusoidal shape between the first body first side and a second body second side opposite the first body first side.