1 ... S ee T EX. R . A PP . P. 47. 4. 

## COURT OF APPEALS SECOND DISTRICTOFTEXAS FORT WORTH
NO . 2- 07- 235- CR
R I CH AR D C OL UMBUS S T R I CK L I N I I AP P E L L ANT V . TH E STA TE O F TEXA S STA TE

----- ----- -- FR O M CRI M I NA LDI STRI CT CO URT NO . 4OF TARRA NT CO UN TY

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### M E M ORANDU M OP I NI ON 1

----- ----- -- I . I nt r oduc t i on A ppe l l antRi cha r d Col um busSt r i ck l i n I I ap pea l s hi s t w o c onvi ct i onsf or i nde ce ncyw i t h a ch i l d byco nt ac t . I n t w o poi nt s, ap pel l antar gue s t hatt he evi de n c e i s f act ual l y i nsuf f i ci entt o suppo rthi s convi ct i ons and t hatt he t r i al
courtabused i t s di scr et i on by over r ul i ng hi s obj ect i on t o t he S t at e’ s i m pr oper2 ... C f. T EX. R . A PP . P. 9. 8, 71 T EX . B. J. 2 8 7 -8 8 (T e x . 2 0 0 8 , sc h e d u l e d to

t ak e e f f ec tSept . 1, 2008 ) ( aut hor i z i ng a ppe l l at e c ourt s t o r eda ctt he nam esof m i n o r ch i l d ren an d p a ren ts i n ap p e l l a te p roc e e d in g s fo l l o w i n g p a ren tal -r i g h ts term i n a ti o n p roc e e d i n g s o r j u v e n i l e co u r t p r o c e e d i n g s a n d rep l a c e the m w i th f i ct i t i ous nam es) . Ther ef or e, t he nam es ofm i nor s and par ent s have been r edact ed and r epl aced w i t h f i ct i t i ous nam es. 2 n o ti c e o f e x tra n e o u s off ens e t est i m ony d u ri n g th e p u n i s h m e n t p h a s e . W e a ffir m . I I . B a c k g rou n d F a c ts I n Febr uar y 20 04 , Jessi ca to l d h e r m o t h e r , D e b o ra h , th a t h e r fa th e r, 2 appel l ant , had sexual l y abused her . Jessi ca w as t en orel even year s ol d w hen app el l antbe gan abu si ng her and se ven t ee n yea r s ol d at t he t i m e oft r i al . Att he t i m e o f t he out cry, D ebo r ah and ap pel l antw er e d i vor ce d. Debor ah w asl i vi ng i n A r l i ngton, Tex as, and appel l ant w as l i vi ng w i t h hi s par ent s i n M oun t ai n V i ew , M i ssour i . D ebor ah and app el l ant have t w o ot her daug ht er s, A bi gai l and T er esa,
a g e s s ix t e e n a n d f o u rt e e n , r e s p e c t iv e lya tt h e t im e o ft r ia l. Jessi ca st at ed t hatt h e a buse occur r ed w hen app el l antw as l i vi ng i n an apart m enti n A r l i ngton, Texas. Jessi ca t est i f i ed t hatappel l anti ni t i al l y t ouch ed h e rb r e a s t s w it h h is h a n d s a n d m o u t h . S h e f u rt h e r s t a t e d t h a t a p p e lla n tw o u ld t ouch heri nnert h ig h and [ geni t al i a] w i t h hi s hands, puthi s m outh on her [ geni t al i a] , and l i e on t op of herw hi l e she w as asl eep. Je s s ica al so
r em em ber ed si ngl e i n ci den t s ofap pel l antki ss i ng he ron h erm out h a nd
a tte m p ti n g to p u t h i s p e n i s i n h e r [g e n i ta l i a ].3 ... Th e j ur y acqui t t ed appel l antoft hr ee countsofaggr avat ed sexual

assaul tofa chi l d. A ddi t i onally , t he S t at e di d not pr oceed t o t r i al on an a d d i ti o n a l i n d e c e n c yw i th a c h i l d o ffe n s e . 3 A f t erJe ss i ca to l d h erab outt he abu se , D ebo r ah ca l l ed C hi l d Pr ot ec t i ve Ser vi ce s ( “CPS”) . She t hen t ook Jes si ca t o A l l i anc e f or C hi l dr en i n Ar l i ngt on, Texa s, t o s pea k w i t h a CPS i nve st i gat orr e g a rd i n g th e a bus e a nd a l so t ook J e s s i c a to C o o kC h i l d re n ’s M e d i c a l C e n te r fo r a s e x u a l a b u s e e x a m . A bi gai l m oved t o M i ssour i t o l i ve w i t h appel l ant ’ s par ent s bef or e Jessi ca
m a d e th e o u tc ry , a n d T e re s a m o v e d to M i s s o u r i w h e n s h e w a s tw e l v e y e a rs
o ld . W h ile A b ig a il a n d J e s s i c a w e r e liv in g in M is s o u r i, a p p e lla n tliv e d a th is par ent s’ hous e i n M i ss our i w hen he w asnoton a ct i ve dut y w i t h t he N avy Res ervesordr i vi ng a t r uck . D ebo r ah and Je ss i ca w oul d t r ave l t o M i ss our i f or t he hol i days t o vi si tA bi gai l and T er esa. D ur i ng t hese vi si t s, Jessi ca w as never
a l l o w e d to h a v e co n tac t w i th ap p e l l a n t. T h e ju r yf o u n d a p p e lla n tg u ilt y o ft w o c o u n t s o fin d e c e n c yw it h a c h ild by con t actand assess ed hi s puni shm entatt hi rt een yea r s’ i n t he I nst i t ut i onal D i vi si on oft he Texa s D epa rt m entofCr i m i nal J us t i cef orea ch cou nt , t o r un
con cur r ent l y. 34 I I I . Fact ualSu ff i ci ency In h is f ir s tp o in t , a p p e lla n ta s s e rt s t h a tt h e e v id e n c e is f a c t u a lly i n su ffi c i e n t t o su p p o rth i s c o n v i c ti o n s fo r i n d e c e n c yw i th a c h i l d b yco n tac t. A . St andar d ofRev i ew W h e n rev i e w i n g the fac tu a l su ffi c i e n c yo f t h e e v id e n c e to s u p p o rta
con vi ct i on, w e v i ew al l t he evi den cei n a ne ut r al l i ght , f avo r i ng ne i t herpa rt y. W a tso nv. S tate , 2 0 4 S .W .3 d 4 0 4 , 4 1 4 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 6 ); D r i cha s v. S tate , 17 5 S . W . 3d 79 5, 79 9 ( Tex . C r i m . A pp. 20 05 ) . W e t hen ask w het her t h e e v i d e n c e s u p p o rt in g t h e c o n v ic t io n , a lt h o u g h le g a llys u f f ic ie n t , is
nev ert hel es s so w ea k t hat t he f ac t - f i nde r ’ s det er m i nat i on i s cl ea r l y w r ong a nd
m ani f es t l y un j us torw het herco nf l i ct i ng e vi den ce s o g rea t l y ou t w ei ghst he
e v id e n c e s u p p o rt in g t h e c o n v ic t io n t h a tt h e f a c t -f in d e r ’s d e t e r m in a t io n is
m a n i fe s tl yu n j u s t. W atso n , 2 0 4 S .W .3 d a t 4 1 4 -1 5 , 4 1 7 ; Jo h n so nv. S tate , 23 S. W . 3d 1, 11 ( Tex. Cr i m . A pp. 2000 ) . To r eve r seunde rt he se con d gr ound,

w e m ustdet er m i ne, w i t h som e obj ect i ve basi s i n t he r ecor d, th att he gr eat
w e i g h t an d p rep o n d e ran c e o f al l the ev i d e n c e , tho u g h l e g a l l ysu ffi c i e n t,
c o n tra d i c ts th e v e rd i c t. W atso n , 204 S. W . 3d a t417. I n d e term i n i n g w h e th e r t h e ev i d e n c e i s fac tu a l l y i n su ffi c i e n t t o su p p o rta
con vi ct i on t hati s nev ert hel es s su pport ed by l ega l l y s uf f i ci entev i den ce , i ti s not
e n ou gh t ha t t hi s c ou rt “ ha r bo r a s ubj e c t i ve l e ve l of r e a s on a bl e dou b t t o5

overt ur n [ t he] convi ct i on. ” Id . W e c a n n o t c o n c lu d e t h a ta c o n v ic t io n is c le a r ly

w r o n g o rm a n if e s t lyu n ju s ts im p lyb e c a u s e w e w o u ld h a v e d e c id e d d if f e r e n t ly t h a n t h e ju r y o r b e c a u s e w e d is a g r e e w it h t h e ju r y ’s re s o lu t io n o fa c o n f lic tin t h e e v i d e n c e . Id . W e m a yn o t si m p l ysu b sti tu te o u r j u d g m e n t f o r t h e fac tfi n d e r’s . John so n , 2 3 S .W .3 d a t 1 2 ; Cai n v. S tate , 9 5 8 S. W . 2d 404, 407 (T e x . C r im . A p p . 1 9 9 7 ). U n le s s t h e r e c o r d c le a r ly r e v e a ls t h a ta d if f e r e n tre s u lt i s app r opr i at e, w e m us tde f ert o t he j ur y’ s det er m i nat i on of th e w e i ghtt o be gi v e n c o n t r adi ct or y t est i m oni al evi dence becau se r esol ut i on of t he confl i ct

“ o fte n tu rn s o n a n e v a l u a ti o n o f c re d i b i l i tya n d d e m e a n o r, a n d th o s e j u ro rs w e re i n at t endan ce w hen t he t est i m ony w as del i ver ed. ” John so n , 23 S . W . 3d a t8. Th us, w e m ustgi ve due defer ence t o t he f a c t- f i nder ’ s det er m i nat i ons, “p art i cul ar l y t hos e det er m i nat i ons con ce r ni ng t he w ei ght and cr edi bi l i t y oft he evi dence. ” Id . a t9. A n opi ni on a ddr es si ng f ac t uals uf f i ci enc y m us t i ncl ude a di sc us si on oft he
m os ti m port ant and r el eva nt evi den ce t hat su pport s t he app el l ant ’ s com pl ai nt
o n a p p e a l . Si

m s v. S tate , 9 9 S .W .3 d 6 0 0 , 6 0 3 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 3 ). M or eov er , an opi ni on r eve r si ng and r em and i ng on f ac t uali ns uf f i ci enc y gr ounds
m u s td e t a il a ll t h e e v id e n c e a n d c le a r lys t a t e w h y t h e f in d in g in q u e s t io n is fa c tu a l l yi n s u fficie n t a n d u n d e r w h i c h g ro u n d . G o o d m a nv. S tate , 66 S . W . 3d 2 8 3 , 2 8 7 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 1 ); John so n , 23 S . W . 3d a t7.6 B . A n a ly s is A tt r i al , Jessi ca t est i f i ed t hatshe w as t en orel even year s ol d w hen
a p p e lla n tb e g a n t o s e x u a llya b u s e h e r . J e s s ic a s t a t e d t h a ta tn ig h ts h e w o u ld go t o bed i n t he bedr oom t hat she shar ed w i t h her si st er s A bi gai l and Teres a at
a p p e lla n t ’s a p a rt m e n ta n d t h a t s h e w o u ld w a k e u p in a p p e lla n t ’s b e d . S h e s a id t hatw hen she w oke up, her shi rt w oul d be on t he f l oor . Jessi ca t est i f i ed t hat sh e n e v e r t a l k e d to a p p e l l a n t ab o u t t h e ab u se b u t i n ste a d tri e d t o ig n o re i t. Jessi ca s t at ed t hatap pel l antt ouc hed he rbr ea st s w i t h hi s han ds an d m out h, k i ss e d h e r on the m o u th o n e ti m e , to u c h e d h e r i n n e r t h i g h an d [ g e n i tal i a ] w i th h is h a n d s , a n d p u t h is m o u t h o n h e r [g e n it a lia ]. S h e a ls o s t a t e d t h a ts h e w o u ld

w ake up w i t h appel l antl yi ng on t op of her , and one ti m e appel l antat t em pt ed t o puthi s pen i s i n he r[ gen i t al i a] . She st at ed t hats he w oul d notge tup d ur i ng th e a b u s e b u t i n s te a d w o u l d p re te n d l i k e s h e w a s s l e e p i n g . Jes si ca t es t i f i ed t hats he t ol d Abi gai l ab outt he abu se . Af t ert el l i ng A bi gai l w hathad occurr ed, A bi gai l t hen con f r onted appel l ant . Jessi ca st at ed t hatshe st ood i n t he hal l w ay w hen A bi gai l w as t al ki ng w i t h appel l antbecause sh e wa s a f r a i d . Aft e r t h e c o n f r o n t a t i o n , t h e a b u s e s t o p p e d f o r a co upl e o f
m o n th s, an d th e n J e ss i c a sto p p e d sp e n d i n g th e n i g h t at ap p e l l a n t’ s a p a rt m e n t.7

D ebor ah, Jessi ca’ s m ot her , t est i f i ed t hati n Febr ua ry 2 0 0 4, she w as t al ki ng w i t h Jessi ca i n t he l aund r y r oom w hen Jessi ca began t o cr y. D ebor ah st at ed t hataft erJe ss i ca w oul d not ca l m dow n, sh e as ke d Je ss i ca i fs om ebo dy had t ouch ed heri napp r opr i ate ly , a nd Jessi ca shook herhead “yes. ” A f t er l i st i ng offsever al nam es off am i l y m em ber s and f r i ends, D ebor ah asked Jessi ca i fap pel l antha d to u c h e d h er , an d Je ss i ca s hookhe rhe ad and “ bus t ed out
cryi ng. ” D ebo r ah t hen as ke d Jes si ca i f t he abu se hap pen ed on m or e t han one
occ as i on, an d Je ss i ca s hookhe rhe ad “y es . ” Je ss i ca ne verga ve D ebo r ah any sp ec i f i c s ab outt he se xua l ab us e. Debor ah es t i m at ed t hatt he con ver sa t i on l a s te d th i rtym i n u te s . A f t erJe ss i ca t ol d De b o ra h abo utt he se xua l ab us e, D ebo r ah se nt app el l a n t an em ai l s t at i ng t hats he kne w heha d s exu al l y a bus ed Jes si ca an d t hathe w asnotgoi ng t o s eeJe ss i c a , A b i gai l , orTer es a a nym or e. Appel l ant
w r ot e Debor ah bac k i n a n e m ai l t he nex tda y. The e m ai l s t at ed i n pe rt i nen t p a rt : B a c kw h e n je r e d [s ic ] s t a y e d w it h m e & t h e g ir l’s [s ic ], t h e g ir ls w oul d t a k e t u r n s s l e e p i n g i n b e d wi t h me . L i s a [ , mye s t r a n ged w i f e, ] and [ I ] had separ at ed and I w as havi ng er ot i c dr eam ’ s [ si c] abo utLi sa . [ A bi gai l ] app r oac hed m e abo ut a w ee k l at eran d a sk [ ed] i f w e coul d t al k i n m y r oom . S he sai d t hat her and [ Jessi c a ] h ad t al ked abou ti tand t hatt hey di dn’ tt hi nk it w a s rightw hatw as happ eni ng. I w as st unn ed[ . ] I t ol d her& [ Jessi ca] t hatI apol ogi zed f or any t hi ng t hat had happ ened and sw or e i tw oul d neverhappen8

a g a i n . F rom tha t da y fo rw a rd th e g i rl ’s [si c ] n e v e r slep t i n b e d w i th m e a g a i n b ym yc h o i c e . D e b o r a h t h e n c a lle d C P S a n d t o o kJ e s s i c a t o A llia n c e f o rC h ild r e n in A r l i ngt on, Texa s, t o b e i n te r vi ew ed by CPS. She al so t ookJe ss i ca t o Cook C hi l dr en’ s M edi cal C ent erf ora sexual abuse exam . D ebor ah f urt hert est i f i ed th a t after J e ss i c a told h e r ab o u t t h e ab u se , sh e all o w e d su p e rvi s e d v i sit s b e t w e e n a p p e lla n t , J e s s ic a , T e r e s a , a n d A b ig a il a t h e rh o u s e a p p r o x im a t e ly t hr eet o f ourt i m es . She st at ed t hatap pel l antc o n ta c te d the g i r l s aft ert he
a l l e g a ti o n s w e re m a d e . Jessi ca t est i f i ed t hat af t er m aki ng t he outcry t o D ebor ah, she cal l ed her cousi n M er edi t h and t ol d herabout t he abuse. H ow ever , M er edi t h t ol d Jessi ca t hats he w asunc om f ort abl e t al ki ng abo ut t he abu se , so Jes si ca s t oppe d t al ki ng
a b o u t i t. Jes si ca s t at ed t hat sh e w ent t o M i ss our i f or t he hol i day s aft er sh e m ade t he out cry t o vi si the rs i st er s and gr and par ent s. J e s si ca t es t i f i ed t hats he

w ant ed t o s ee app el l ant dur i ng t he vi si t s. A ddi t i ona l l y, Jes si ca st at ed t hats he
con si der ed m ovi ng t o M i ss our i t o l i ve w i t h her gr and par ent s aft er sh e m adet he
a l l e g a ti o n s b u t th a t s h e i sn o l o n g e r g o i n g to m o v e . J a m y e C o ffm a n , m e d i c a l d i re c to r o f th e C A R E te a m a t C o o kC h i l d re n ’s M edi cal C ent er , t est i f i ed t hat on M ar ch 9, 20 04 , she spoke w i t h Jessi ca, t hen9

t h irt e e n y e a r s o ld , a b o u tt h e s e x u a l a b u s e . S h e s t a t e d t h a tJ e s s ic a w a s in it ia lly
r el uct antt o t al k about t he abuse. Jessi ca t ol d C of f m an t hat t he abuse began

w hen s he w asel eve n y e a rs o l d . She s ai d t hats he w okeup o ne m or ni ng
w i th o u t a n yc l o th e s o n . Jes si ca t ol d Dr . C of f m an t hat w hen s he w asel eve n ort w el ve yea r s ol d,
a p p e l l a n t w o u l d to u c h h e r o n h e r b rea sts a n d p ri v a tes w i th h e r pa n ti e s o ff w i th hi s hand, puthi s t ong ue i n herpr i vat es, m ade herm ast ur bat e hi m , ej acul at ed on herpr i vat es one t i m e, and Fr ench ki ssed her . D r . C of f m an t est i f i ed t hat Jes si ca t ol d he rt hats he and A bi gai l co nf r ont ed app el l antab outt he abu se , an d
a p p e lla n t t o ld t h e m t h a t it w o u ld s t o p . D r . C o f f m a n s t a t e d t h a th e rd ia g n o s is

w as sexual abuse w i t h non speci f i c f i ndi ngs. Edn a C am pbel l , a C PS i nvest i gat or , t est i f i ed t hatshe r ecei ved a r ef er r al on Feb r uar y 10 , 20 04 , r egar di ng t he sexual abuse ofJessi ca. C am pbel l st at ed th a t s h e i n te rv i e w e d J e s s i c a o n F e b ru a ry1 3 , 2 0 0 4 , fo r a p p ro x i m a te l ya n h o u r. D ur i ng t he i nt er vi ew , J e s s ica s t at ed t hatappel l anthad t ouch ed her i napp r opr i at el y w hen she w as vi si t i ng hi m . Jessi ca sai d t haton sever al occasi ons she had aw akened w i t hou t her und er w ear on or w i t hou t any cl ot hes
o n . I n pa rt i cul ar , Je ss i ca r ec al l ed t w o s pec i f i c i ns ta n c esofab us e, dur i ng C h r is t m a s t im e a n d la t e s u m m e r2 0 0 3 . J e s s ic a t o ld C a m p b e ll t h a t s h e w o u ld10

w ake up naked. Jessi ca t ol d C am pbel l t hat dur i ng C hr i st m as one year , she w as athe rgr and par ent s’ hous e a nd w oke up w i t h app el l ant i n her bed , ev en t hough she r em em ber ed appel l ant ’ s goi ng t o sl eep on t he couch th e ni ght bef or e. A d d it io n a lly , J e s s ic a s t a t e d t h a tin t h e s u m m e ro f2 0 0 3 , s h e w o k e u p in
a p p e l l a n t’ s b e d , roll e d o v e r, an d ran b a c k i n to th e b e d roo m th a t sh e sh a red w i th her si st er s. Furt her , i n her w r i t t en st at em ent , Jes si ca st at ed t hat sh e w okeup
w i t h a “yel l ow pi l e ofl i qui d on her vagi na. ” D ur i ng t he i nt ervi ew , Je ss i ca s t at ed t hat sh e w as not su r e w het hert he
a b u s e h a d a c t u a l l yo c c u rre d o r w h e th e r s h e w a s j u s t d re a m i n g . H o w e v e r, Jessi ca st at ed t hatshe di d not t hi nk i tw as a d re a m . C am pbel l t est i f i ed t hat Jes si ca nev er st at ed t hat app el l ant l ai d on t op of her or Fr enc h ki ss ed hernor t hatshe per f or m ed m a s tu r bat i on on appel l ant . H ow ever , C am pbel l f urt her st at ed t hats he f el tl i keJe ss i ca w asnott el l i ng he rt he com pl et e s t or y. C a m p b e l l furth e r t e sti fi e d tha t on F e b rua ry 2 6 , 2 0 0 4 , sh e s p o k e w i th appel l antatt he advo cacy cent erabout t he abuse. W h e n C am pbel l asked app el l ant i f th e a bus e h ad occ ur r ed, hene i t herco nf i r m ed norde ni ed i tbut si m pl y st at ed t hathe coul d not r em em beri f i t had occur r ed because he w as a d e e p s l e e p e r. A ddi t i onal l y, appel l antsai d t hathe had a ki ng- si ze bed and t hatJessi ca and A bi gai l w oul d t ak e t ur ns s l ee pi ng i n hi s bed atni g h t b e c a us e h e h ad a11

r oom m at e a tt he t i m e. He st at ed t hatatt he end oft he su m m eri n 2001, t he g i rl s to l d h i m a b o u t th e s e x u a l a b u s e . A bi gai l t est i f i ed t hat she al w ays shar ed a r oom w i t h Jessi ca and T er esa
w hen t hey w er e atappel l ant ’s a p a rt m ent . She st at ed t hatshe and Jessi ca
w oul d shar e a bed and t hatJessi ca w oul d nor m al l y sl eep on t he si de oft he bed
n e x tt o t h e w a ll. A b ig a il t e s t if ie d t h a t a p p e lla n t n e v e r g o t J e s s ic a o u to ft h e ir bed and t ook her t o hi s bedr oom because he w oul d have had t o r each acr oss h e r t o g e t J e s s ic a . A b ig a il f u rt h e rs t a t e d t h a ts h e w o u ld h a v e a w a k e n e d if app el l antha d att em pt ed t o get Jes si ca outoft hei rbe d be ca us e s he i s a l i ght
s l e e p e r. S he st at ed t hatJessi ca t ol d hert hatappel l anthad abuse d h e r but t hat J e ss i c a d i d n o t go i n to d e tai l s a b o u t t h e all e g a ti o n s. A b i g a i l the n w e n t t o app el l antan d c onf r ont ed hi m ab outt he abu se . A bi gai l t es t i f i ed t hat w hen s he t ol d a ppe l l antt hatJe ss i ca st at ed t hatheha d a bus ed her , hew as“ puz z l ed”an d di d notkn ow w hats he w as t al ki ng abo ut . Fu rt her , A bi gai l s ai d t hatap pel l ant
n e v e r p e rs o n a l l ya b u s e d h e r. A bi gai l st at ed t hataf t erJessi ca m a d e th e out cr y, D ebor ah and Jessi ca
w entt o M i ssour i f orTh anksgi vi ng, C hr i st m as, an d s p ri ng br eak. She st at ed t hatt hey w er e notal l ow ed t o st ay athergr andp ar ent s’ house b e c a u se12

ap p e l l a n t wa s l i v i n g t h e r e . Ab i g a i l t e s t i f i e d t h a t J e s s i c a wa s u p s e tan d
c o n fu s e d th a t s h e c o u l d n o t s ta ya t th e h o u s e . Teres a, appel l ant ’ s youn gest daug ht er and Jessi ca’ s si st er , st at ed th at
s h e a n d h e r s i s t e r s h a d th e i r o w n ro o m w h e n th e ys l e p t a t a p p e l l a n t’s
a p a rtm e n t. T e r e s a te s ti fi e d th a t th e ys l e p t o n a b u n kb e d a t a p p e l l a n t’s apa rt m ent , t hats he al w ayss l epton t he t op bu nk bed , an d t hatJe ss i ca an d A b ig a il w o u ld s le e p o n t h e b o t t o m b u n k . A c c o r d in g t o T e r e s a , J e s s ic a w o u ld al w ays sl eep on t he si de of t he bed t hat w as agai nstt he w al l because Jessi ca
w a s a f r a id s h e w o u ld f a ll o f f t h e b e d . T e r e s a s t a t e d t h a t J e s s ic a a n d A b ig a il
n e v e r a c te d l i k e th e yw e re a fra i d o f a p p e l l a n t. A ddi t i onal l y, Ter esa sai d t hat af t er Jessi ca m ade t he al l egat i ons ofsexual abuse, appel l antdr ove T er esa back t o Tex as f r om M i ssour i , and D ebor ah, her
m o th e r, d i d n o t ex p r e ss an yco n c e rns ab o u t he r be i n g i n the ca r al o n e w i th appel l ant . Te re s a test i f i ed t hatappel l antal w ays sl epton t he couch ather g ran d p a ren ts’ ho u se i n M i ss o u ri a n d th a t Je ss i c a w a s a l w a y s i n a b e d roo m w i th ei t herher sel forTer esa. C ar ol yn K ay ( “C ar ol yn”) , appel l ant ’ s m ot her , t est i f i ed t hatappel l antl i ved
o n t h e f a r m i n M i s s o u r i w it h h e ra n d h e rh u s b a n d . S h e s t a t e d t h a tA b ig a il
m oved to t he f ar m bef or e Jessi ca m ade t he al l egat i ons, and Teres a m oved aft er13

t he al l egat i ons w er e m ade. C ar ol yn t est i f i ed t hatD ebor ah w as neverconcer ned th a t A b i g a i l a n d T e re s a w e re l i v i n g i n th e s a m e h o u s e a s a p p e l l a n t. S he st ate d th atD ebor ah and Jessi ca w entup t o M i ssour i t he f i r st Thank sg i vi ng a f t erJe ss i ca m adet he out cry. Car ol yn t es t i f i ed t hatD ebo r ah and Jessi ca w ant ed t o st ay ath e r hou se dur i ng t hei rvi si tbutt hatshe t ol d t hem t hatt heyco ul d nots t ay t her e bec aus e app el l ant w asl i vi ng t her e. Addi t i ona l l y, Jessi ca w as “ext r em el y upset ” t hat she coul d not see appel l ant . C ar ol yn st at ed t hatD ebo r ah and J e ss i ca w entt o M i ss our i f orChr i st m asi n 2004 and f or A b i g a i l ’s b i rth d a yi n M a y2 0 0 5 . C ar ol yn st at ed t hatJessi ca has a l otof pr obl em s and t hatshe i s a “ dr am a que en. ” Car ol yn t es t i f i ed t hatJe ss i ca w oul d l i e t o ge tatt ent i on and t hats he g e ts i rri ta te d w h e n h e r s i s te rs g e t m o re a tte n ti o n th a n s h e d o e s . Furt her m or e, C ar ol yn t est i f i ed t hat i tw as notpossi bl e f orJessi ca t o w ake up w i t h appel l anti n her bed at her hou se because she w oul d have aw akened

w hen app el l antw al ked up t he st ai r s. She st at ed t hatw henev e rJessi ca w as athe rhous e, t he gi r l s w oul d s l ee p ups t ai r s, an d a ppe l l antw oul d s l ee p on t he
c o u c h d o w n s ta i rs . C a ro l y n fu rth e r te s ti fi e d th a t A b i g a i l i s a l i g h t s l e e p e r. M er edi t h, ap pel l ant ’ s ni ec e and Jes si ca ’ s cou si n, t es t i f i ed t hat w hen s he and Jessi ca w oul d st ay att hei rgr andp ar ent s’ house, t hey w oul d al w ays sl eep in t h e s a m e b e d . S h e s a id t h a t A b ig a il a n d T e r e s a w o u ld s le e p o n t h e f lo o rin4 ... T h e tes ti m o n yo f a c h i l d v i c ti m alon e i s s u ffi c i e n t t o s u p p o rta

c o n v i c ti o n fo r i n d e c e n c yw i th a c h i l d . Jo h n s to nv. S ta te, 230 S . W . 3d 450, 4 5 5 (T e x . A p p .— F o rt W o rth , 2 0 0 7 n o p e t.). 14 th e sa m e roo m w i th the m . M e red i th sta ted tha t Je ss i c a n e v e r h a d a roo m to h e rs e l f a t th e i r g ra n d p a re n ts ’ h o u s e . Furt her , M er edi t h s t at ed t hatJe ss i ca ca l l ed herone ni ghts eve r al m ont hs af t erm aki ng t he sexual abuse al l egat i ons and t ol d hert hatshe had had a dr eam i n w hi ch a g uy w i t h no f ac e w asch as i ng he ran d s he cou l d not get aw ay f r om hi m . Jessi ca t hen st a te d th atshe began r em em ber i ng ho w t hi ngs “had happ ened t o her at ni ght w hen she w as sl eepi ng. ” M er edi t h t hen asked Jessi ca i f s h e k n e w w h a t s e x u a l i n te rc o u rs e w a s , a n d J e s s i c a s ta te d , “y e a h a n d n o .” Jes si ca s t at ed t hat sh e w as not su r e i f app el l ant had r ea l l y abu se d her or i fs he had dr eam ed t hats h e h ad been abu sed. A ddi t i onal l y, M er edi t h t est i f i ed t hat J e s s i c a i s n o t v e rytru th fu l . A ppel l ant contends t hat t he evi dence i s f act ual l y i nsuf f i ci entt o show t hat he com m i t t ed t he of f enses ofi ndec e n c y w it h a chi l d. A ppel l antassert s t hat t he r ecor d show s t hatJessi ca dr eam ed up t he al l egat i ons agai nsthi m and t hat
s h e “ i s a l i a r.” H ow ever , appel l ant acknow l edged i n an em ai l t o D ebor ah t hat 4 Jessi ca and A bi gai l had confr onted hi m about t he abuse. H e al so adm i t t ed h a v in g a n e r o t ic d r e a m d u r in g t h e t i m et h e g ir ls w e r e t a k in g t u r n s s le e p in g in5 ... I n i t s br i ef , t he St at e ar gue s t hat app el l ant di d notpr ope r l y pr es erve

er r orbe ca us e h e d i d not r epe at edl y obj ec t t o t he ext r ane ousof f ens e t es t i m ony. H ow eve r , a p p e l l a n t obj ec t ed f ourt i m esbe f or e a sk i ng f ora r unni ng obj ec t i on f r om t he t r i al cou rt . Addi t i ona l l y, w hen ap pel l antas ke d f ora r unni ng obj ec t i on, th e tri a l c o u rt s ta te d , “M a ’a m , y o u h a v e y o u r o bj e c ti o n . I’v e g i v e n i t to y o u .” T h u s , t h e re c o r d d e m o n s t r a t e s t h a ta p p e lla n tp r o p e r lyp r e s e r v e d e r r o rt o t h is 15 t he bed wi t h h i m. A d d i t i o n a l l y , wh e n a p p e l l a n ts p o k e wi t h C a mp b e l l a bout J e s s ic a ’s o u t c r y , h e t o ld h e rt h a th e c o u l d n o tre m e m b e rifh e h a d s e x u a lly abu se d Je ss i ca butt hatJe ss i ca an d Abi gai l ha d c onf r o n te d h i m abo utt he
a bu s e a tt hee nd o ft hes um m e ri n 2001. D ef er r i ng, as w e m us t , t o t he j ur y’ s r es ol ut i on of con t r adi ct or y t es t i m ony
a n d e v a lu a t io n o fc r e d ib ilit y a n d d e m e a n o r , w e c a n n o ts a yt h a tt h e e v id e n c e is
so w e a k th att he ver di cti s cl ea r l y w r ong a nd m ani f es t l y un j us tnort hatt he confl i ct i ng evi dence so gr eat l y outw ei ghs t he evi dence supp ort i ng t he ver di ct th a t th e j u ry ’s d e te rm i n a ti o n i s m a n i fe s tl yu n j u s t. See Johns on , 23 S. W . 3d at 8 . A c c o rd i n g l y , w e o v e rru l e a p p e l l a n t’sfi rs t p o i n t. I V . N ot i ce ofI nt entt o I nt r odu ce Ext r aneou s O ff ense Evi dence I n a pp e l l a nt ’ s se con d poi nt , heco nt end s t hatt he t r i al co urter r ed by
o v e r r u lin g h is o bje c t io n t o e x t r a n e o u s o f f e n s e t e s t im o n y b e c a u s e t h e s t a t e d id
n o t g i v e h i m ti m e l yn o ti c e o f i t s i n te n t to i n tro d u c e i t. T h e S ta te , h o w e v e r,
ar gues th a t th e t r i al courtdi d not abuse i t s di scr et i on becau se appel l antw as gi ven suf f i ci entnot i ce about t he ext r aneou s of f ense. 5i ss ue bec aus e t he t r i al co urtcl ea r l y un der st ood t he ext entan d na t ur e o f

a p p e l l a n t’s o bj e c ti o n a n d ru l e d o n i t. S ee T EX . R. A PP . P. 3 3 .1 (a ). 16 A . St andar d ofRev i ew The t r i al co urt ’s d ec i si on t o a dm i tex t r ane ousof f ens e e vi den cedur i ng p u n i s h m e n t i s re v i e w e d fo r a n a b u s e o f d i s c re ti o n . Sa n ders v. S tate , 191 S .W .3 d 2 7 2 , 2 7 6 (T e x . A p p .— W a c o 2 0 0 6 , p e t. re f’d ), c ert. den i e d , 1 2 7 S . C t. 1 1 4 1 (2 0 0 7 ); se e a l

so L a j o i e v. S tate , 2 3 7 S .W .3 d 3 4 5 , 3 5 2 (T e x . A p p .— F o rt W ort h 20 07 , no pet . ) . Th e t r i al court ’ s deci si on shou l d be r ever sed on appeal
o n l yi f th e re i s a s h o w i n g o f a c l e a r a b u s e o f d i s c e ti o n . T h e us v. S tate , 845 S. W . 2d 874, 881 ( Te x. Cr i m . App . 1992 ) . O n lyift h e c o u rt ’s d e c is io n f a lls out si de t he “z one ofr ea so nab l e d i sa gr ee m ent ” hasi tab us ed i ts di sc r et i on. Mo n tg o m ery v. S tate , 810 S . W . 2d 372, 391 ( Tex. C r i m . A pp. 199 1) ( op. on
re h ’g ). B. A ppl i cabl e Law A rti c l e 3 7 .0 7 , se c ti o n 3 (g ) o f th e T e x a s C o d e o f C ri m i n a l P ro c e d u re pr ovi des as f ol l ow s: O n t i m el y r equestoft he def enda n t, n o t i ce ofi nt entt o i nt r odu ce evi dence un dert hi s art i cl e shal l b e g iven i n t he sam e m anner r equi r ed by R ul e 40 4( b) , Texas R ul es ofEvi dence. I fth e at t or ney r epr es ent i ng t he st at e i nt end s t o i nt r oduc e a n e xt r ane ouscr i m e o r ba d a c t t h a t h a s n o t r e s u l t e d i n a f i n a l c o n v i c t i o n i n a c our t of r ec or d or a pr oba t ed or su sp end ed se nt enc e, not i ceoft hati nt ent i s r ea so nab l e o nl y i ft he not i cei ncl ude s t he dat e o n w hi ch and t he17

cou nt y i n w h i c h th e a l l ege d c r i m e o rba d a ctoc cur r ed and t he nam e o ft he al l ege d vi ct i m oft he cr i m e o rba d a ct . The r equ i r em ent unde r t hi s su bs ec t i on t hat t he att or ney r epr es ent i ng t he st at e g i ve not i ce app l i es onl y i ft he def end antm ak esa t i m el y r equ es tt o t he at t or ney r epr esent i ng t he st at e f ort he noti ce. T EX. C ODEC R I M. P RO C. A NN. a rt. 3 7 .0 7 , § 3 (g ) (V e rn o n S u p p . 2 0 0 7 ). C . A n a ly s is O n Ju l y 22, 2004 , ap pe l l a n t p ro per l y f i l ed hi s r equ es tf ornot i ceof
e x t r a n e o u s o f f e n s e s a n d o f f e n s e s t o b e u s e d f o re n h a n c e m e n t s u n d e ra rt ic le 3 7 .0 7 , § 3 (g ) o f th e c o d e o f c ri m i n a l p ro c e d u re a n d ru l e o f e v i d e n c e 4 0 4 (b ). T EX. C ODEC R I M. P RO C. A NN. a rt. 3 7 .0 7 , § 3 (g ); T EX. R . E V ID . 4 0 4 (b). T h e S tate f i l e d i ts fi rs tn ot i c e o fi nt e ntt o of f e re xt r a ne ou s o f f e ns e s o n Apr i l 28, 2006 . O n J u n e 2 2 , 2 0 0 6 , t h e S t a t e f i l e d i t ss u p p l e me n t a l n o t i c e o fi n t e n tt o o f f er
e x tr a n e o u s o ffen se s. S u b se q u e n tl y , o n J u n e 1 3 , 2 0 0 7 , th e S tat e f il e d i ts
se con d s u p p l e m ent al not i ceofi nt entt o i nt r oduc e e vi den ceofex t r ane ous of f ens es , ot hercr i m es , w r ongsan d a ct s unde rart i cl e 37. 07, § 3( g) . The S t at e’ s second suppl em ent al noti ce i ndi cat ed t hat t he S t at e i nt ended t o of f er t he t es t i m ony ofPau l a, app el l ant ’ s f or m ers t epd aug ht er , dur i ng t he puni sh m ent phase t o show t hatappel l ant had sexual l y abused Paul a. Th i s not i ce w as f i l ed ni ne days bef or e t he begi nni ng oft he gui l t - i nno cence phase oft r i al and f ourt een d a y s b e fo re th e b e g i n n i n g o f th e p u n i s h m e n t p h a s e .18

T h e S t a t e , o n t im e ly r e q u e s t b y t h e d e f e n d a n t , m u s t g i v e r e a s o n a b le noti ce ofext r aneou s cr i m es orbad a c ts t hatt he S t at e i nt ends t o i nt r odu ce d u ri n g th e p u n i s h m e n t p h a s e . T EX . C ODE C R IM . P R OC . A NN . a rt. 3 7 .0 7 , § 3 (g ); Burl i ngv. S tate , 8 3 S .W .3 d 1 9 9 , 2 0 2

– 0 3 ( T e x . A p p .— F o rtW o rt h 2 0 0 2 , p e t.
r ef ’ d) . To be r easonabl e, t he S t at e’ s noti ce m ust be gi ven i n advance o ft r i al and m ust i ncl ude t he dat e on w hi ch and t he coun t y i n w h ic h th e a l l eged
o ffe n s e o c c u rre d a n d th e c o m p l a i n a n t's n a m e . T EX . C ODE C R IM . P R OC . A NN . a rt . 3 7 .0 7 , § 3 (g ). T h e p u r p o s e o ft h e n o t ic e re q u i r e m e n tist o p r e v e n tu n f a ir
s u rp ri s e to a d e fe n d a n t. W a l l a c ev. S tate , 135 S . W . 3d 1 1 4 , 120 ( Tex. A p p .— T y l e r 2 0 0 4 , n o p e t.); Bur l i ng , 8 3 S .W .3 d a t 2 0 3 ; Na n c ev. S tate , 946 S. W . 2d 490, 49 3 ( Tex. A pp. — FortW ort h 1997, pe t . r ef ’ d) . Fu rt her , t he
r easonabl eness oft he noti ce t ur ns on t he f act s and ci r cum st an c e s ofeach
c a s e . S c o tt v. S tate , 57 S. W . 3d 476, 480 ( Te x. App.

— W a c o 2001 , p e t.
re f’d ); s e eF

uga tev. S ta te, 2 0 0 S .W .3 d 7 8 1 , 7 8 3 (T e x . A p p .— F o r t W o rt h 2 0 0 6 , n o p e t.). O n June 21 , 20 07 , appel l antf i l ed a m ot i on f orcont i nuan ce al l egi ng t hat he di d not have adeq uat e t i m e t o i nvest i gat e Paul a’ s sexual abuse al l egat i ons. I n hi s m ot i on, ap pel l antac kno w l edg ed t hatt he St ate d i d n o t l ea r n oft he ext r ane ousof f ens e u nt i l Jun e 1 3, 2007 , w hen Pau l a t ol d he rt her api stab out19

t h e a b u s e . A c c o r d in g ly , a p p e lla n ts t a t e d t h a tt h e p r o s e c u t o r i n f o r m e d h im abo utPau l a’ s t es t i m ony t hats am e d ay. Beca us e t he r ec or d sh ow s t hat t he pr os ec ut or i nf or m ed app el l antoft he ext r aneou s of fe n s e evi dence as soon as t he pr osecut ordi scover ed i t , w hi ch

w as ni ne days pr i ort o t r i al and f ourt een days bef or e i tw as act ual l y used at puni sh m ent , w e h ol d t hatt he t r i al co urtdi d notab us e i t s di sc r et i on by
o v e rru l i n g a p p e l l a n t’s o bj e c ti o n to th e i n tro d u c ti o n o f th e e v i d e n c e . S e eS c o tt, 57 S. W . 3d at483 ( det er m i ni ng t hats i x da ys ’ not i cebe f or e t r i al w ass uf f i ci ent
u n d e r fa c ts o f th e c a s e ); Hen de rs o nv. S tate , 29 S. W . 3d 616, 625 ( Tex. A pp. — H ous t on [ 1stD i st . ] 2000 , pe t . r ef ’ d. ) ( hol di ng t hatei ghtda ys ’ not i ceof
ex tr ane ousof f ens e w asr ea so nab l e w hen t he pr os ec ut ordi sc ove r ed t he i n fo rm a ti o n e i g h t d a y s b e fo re th e te s ti m o n yi n th e p u n i s h m e n t p h a s e ); see al so F uga te, 2 0 0 S .W .3 d a t 7 8 3 (ho l d i n g th a t se v e n d a y s’ p ri o r no ti c e o f i n ten t t o
e n h a n c e p u n i s h m e n t w a s a d e q u a te u n d e r fa c ts o f th e c a s e .) A c c o rd i n g l y , w e
o v e rr u l e ap p e l l a n t’ s s e c o n d p o i n t.20 V . Concl us i on H a v i n g o v e rru l e d a p p e l l a n t’s tw o p o i n t s , w e a ffir m th e tri a l c o u rt’s j u d g m e n t.

T E R R I E L I VI NGS T ON J U S T I C E PA N EL F: LI V I N G STO N , D A U PH I N O T, an d HO LM A N , JJ. DO NO T P UBLI SH T EX . R. A PP . P. 47. 2( b) DEL I VERE D: J un e 19, 2008