# Patent

## Title
Shielded coaxial connector

## Abstract

A coaxial connector has a selectively engageable radio frequency interference shield.

## Background
PRIORITY CLAIM
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/723,800 filed Dec. 21, 2012 which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/612,922 filed Mar. 19, 2012 and entitled SHIELDED COAXIAL CONNECTOR. All of the above listed patents and patent applications are incorporated herein in their entireties and for all purposes.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to the field of manufactured radio frequency devices. More particularly, the present invention relates to a radio frequency shield for use in association with a coaxial cable connector.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
In cable television and satellite television systems (“CATV”) reduction of interfering radio frequency (“RF”) signals improves signal to noise ratio and helps to avoid saturated reverse amplifiers and related optic transmission that is a source of distortion.
Past efforts have limited the ingress of interfering RF signals into CATV systems. These efforts have included increased use of traditional connector shielding, multi-braid coaxial cables, connection tightening guidelines, increased use of traditional splitter case shielding, and high pass filters to limit low frequency spectrum interfering signal ingress in active home CATV systems.
While it appears the industry accepts the status quo as satisfactory, there remain, in the inventor's view, good reasons to develop improvements further limiting the ingress of interfering RF signals into CATV systems.
One significant location of unwanted RF signal and noise ingress is in the home. This occurs where the subscriber leaves a CATV connection such as a wall-mounted connector or coaxial cable drop connector disconnected/open. An open connector end exposes a normally metallically enclosed and shielded signal conductor and can be a major source of unwanted RF ingress.
The F connector is the standard connection used for cable television and satellite signals in the home. For example, in the home one will typically find a wall mounted female F connector or a coaxial cable “drop” including a male F connector for supplying a signal to the TV set, cable set-top box, or internet modem. Notably, wall mounted female F connectors are connected via a coaxial cable terminated with male connectors at opposite ends.
Whether a CATV signal is supplied to a room via a drop cable or via a wall mounted connector, each one is a potential source of unwanted RF signal ingress. Wall mounted connectors can be left open or a coaxial cable attached to the wall mounted connector can be left open at one end. Similarly, drop cables terminated with a male F connector can be left open.
Multiple CATV connections in a home increase the likelihood that some connections will be left unused and open, making them a source of unwanted RF ingress. And, when subscribers move out of a home, CATV connections are typically left open, another situation that invites RF ingress in a CATV distribution system.
A method of eliminating unwanted RF ingress in a CATV system is to place a metal cap over each unused F connector in the home or, to place a single metallic cap over the feeder F port at the home network box. But, the usual case is that all home CATV connections are left active and open, a practice the industry accepts to avoid expensive service calls associated with new tenants and/or providing the CATV signal in additional rooms.
The inventor's experience shows current solutions for reducing unwanted RF ingress resulting from open connectors are not successful and/or not widely used. Therefore, to the extent the CATV industry recognizes a need to further limit interfering RF ingress into CATV systems, it is desirable to have connectors that reduce RF ingress when they are left open.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An inventive coaxial connector includes means for one or more of shielding against RF ingress and guarding against electrical hazards. In various embodiments, the inventive connector includes moving part internals and in various embodiments the internals provide a disconnect switch.
Various male connector embodiments and various female connector embodiments provide RF signal ingress protection when a connector is left open. Enhanced shielding is activated when the connector end is left open and de-activated when a mating connector is engaged.
In some female embodiments, a spring loaded nose such as an insulator passes through a connector body end for operating a disconnect switch within the body. In an open position, two center conductor contacts of the shielded connector are separated. This open circuit restricts RF signals from passing through the shielded connector. When a mating connector is engaged, the spring loaded insulator is pushed into the shielded connector body causing center conductor contacts to engage for passing RF signals. In the open position, where the center conductor is disconnected, RF signals received at the entry (open) end are restricted from passing through to connected systems such as CATV systems due to the open center conductor.
In some male embodiments with a pin type contact, the pin is fixed in a moving contact assembly that is biased away from a coaxial cable center conductor by a spring. Protruding from a body end and typically encircled by a fastener engaging the same body end, the pin is movable for engaging a moving contact of the moving contact assembly with the coaxial cable center conductor. When a mating connector is engaged, the spring loaded pin is pushed further into the body where it, and/or the moving contact, engages the center conductor of the coaxial cable to complete the center conductor circuit.
And, in some embodiments, a similar mechanical activation method is used to operate a shield curtain surrounding a center contact of the disconnected connector end. In a shield curtain embodiment, positioning and opening shield curtain slots is optimized to reduce passing signals for the most damaging spectrum bands such as the CATV data upstream spectrum of 5-42 MHz.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a prior art CATV wall plate with an F female connector or a splitter connector with a mated F female connector.
FIG. 2 shows a prior art CATV wall plate that is a source of ingress of interfering RF signals.
FIGS. 3A and 3B show a prior art standard F female splice (commonly called F-81) with F contacts on both ends.
FIG. 4 shows a prior art standard F female bulkhead coaxial connector (commonly called an F-61).
FIG. 5 shows a prior art CATV installation having a cable terminated with a male F connector.
FIG. 6 shows a prior art male F connector with a compression type cable attachment.
FIG. 7 shows a prior art male F connector with a crimp type cable attachment.
FIGS. 8A and 8B show a coaxial connector according to the current invention.
FIGS. 9A and 9B show a coaxial splice connector according to the current invention.
FIGS. 10A and 10B show a coaxial bulkhead connector according to the current invention.
FIGS. 11A, 11B, and 11C show a coaxial male connector according to the current invention.
FIG. 12 shows a coaxial adapter connector according to the current invention.
FIGS. 13A and 13B show a second coaxial splice connector according to the current invention.
FIGS. 13C-F show coaxial cable connectors for IEC use according to the current invention.
FIGS. 14A and 14B show a third coaxial splice connector according to the current invention.
FIG. 15 indicates comparative performance of selected connectors.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The disclosure provided in the following pages describes examples of some embodiments of the invention. The designs, figures and description are non-limiting examples of the embodiments they disclose. For example, other embodiments of the disclosed device and/or method may or may not include the features described herein. Moreover, disclosed advantages and benefits may apply to only certain embodiments of the invention and should not be used to limit the disclosed invention.
As used herein, the term “coupled” includes direct and indirect connections. Moreover, where first and second devices are coupled, intervening devices including active devices may be located therebetween.
FIGS. 1-7 show prior art devices. Typical prior art CATV signal outlets are shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 5 and typical coaxial cable connectors are shown in FIGS. 3, 4, 6, and 7.
FIG. 1 shows a front view of a wall mounted coaxial connector 100. The connector 102 is mounted on a wall plate 104 fixed to a room wall 106. As shown, the connector is a female F connector. A hole 108 in an insulator 110 of the connector 102 provides access to a CATV signal conductor 394 (see FIG. 3) within the connector.
FIG. 2 shows a side view of FIG. 1's wall mounted coaxial connector 200. Here, the female F connector 102 is shown as a female-female connector for splicing coaxial cable. Threads at opposed ends of the connector 203, 205 provide a means for attaching male F connectors to opposed splice ends 207, 209. A coaxial cable for carrying a CATV signal 204 is terminated with a male F connector 202 that threadingly engages an end 209 of the splice.
Typical coaxial cable features will be known to persons of ordinary skill in the art. For example, an embodiment includes a center conductor 220 surrounded by a dielectric material 222, the dielectric material being surrounded in turn by one or two shields 224 such as a metallic foil wrapped in a metallic braid. An outer insulative jacket 226 such as a polyvinylchloride jacket encloses the conductors.
As seen, the open end of the splice 207 provides an opportunity for unwanted RF ingress 208. In particular, unwanted RF ingress 206 is shown entering an exposed end of the splice 207 where it is conducted by a CATV signal conductor 304 through the connector and to a signal conductor 220 of the attached CATV coaxial cable.
FIG. 3A shows a cross-section of a splice 300A and FIG. 3B shows a side view of the splice of same splice 300B. Referring to both of the figures, the splice includes a cylindrical outer body 302 with a circumferential, hexagonal grip 304 between opposed first and second ends 322, 324 of the splice. Outer surfaces of the body are threaded, in particular, an outer surface between the first end and the grip ring is threaded 309 and an outer surface between the second end and the grip ring is threaded 311.
Within and at opposed ends of the cylindrical body 304 are insulators 306, 308, each having a central socket 310, 312 for receiving opposed ends 316, 318 of a tubular seizing pin 304. Resilient tines located in each end of the seizing pin 370, 372 provide a means for making a secure electrical contact with a conductor (not shown) inserted in either end of the seizing pin. Splice internals are typically fixed in place by rolling an end of the body 324. In some embodiments, rolling a body end 324 or an interference fit fixes an annular plug 323 adjacent to the second end insulator 312.
FIG. 4 shows a single ended female coaxial cable connector 400. An outer body 402 has front end 434 opposite a rear end 436 and threads on an external surface 414. The body also houses a front insulator 408 with a socket 412 for receiving a front end 418 of a tubular seizing pin 404. Resilient tines located in the front end of the seizing pin 422 provide a means for making a secure electrical contact with a conductor (not shown). A rear insulator 406 supports a rear portion of the seizing pin 431 while a rearmost portion of the seizing pin 432 passes through a connector base 430 to which the first end of the connector body is fixed. In various embodiments, this type of connector is affixed to larger surfaces such as equipment rear panels.
FIG. 5 shows a coaxial cable “drop” within a room 500. As shown, a hole 502 penetrates a room baseboard 503 and a length of coaxial cable 506 enters the room through the hole. Such “drops” are typically terminated with male F connectors. In particular, a male F connector 508 has an outer shell 510 adjacent to a fastener 512 and a prepared end of the coaxial cable is inserted in the connector such that the central conductor 514 of the coaxial cable protrudes beyond a fastener free end 513.
FIG. 6 shows a compression type male F connector 600. A connector body 630 arranged concentrically about a post 632 provides an annular cavity 650 for receiving metal braid 617 and jacket 619 of a coaxial cable 606. The body and a fastener 612 are rotatably engaged. Passing through a hollow interior of the post 631 is coaxial cable dielectric 633 and coaxial cable center conductor 614. Cable fixation occurs when a connector outer shell 610 forces a collapsible ring 652 to press against the coaxial cable jacket as the shell is slid toward a fastener 612 of the connector. As persons of ordinary skill in the art will recognize, this figure illustrates but one of many F type compression connectors.
FIG. 7 shows a crimp type male F connector utilizing a fixed pin 700. A connector body 730 arranged concentrically about a post 732 provides an annular cavity 750 for receiving metal braid and jacket of a coaxial cable (not shown). An insulator 738 inserted in the body supports a center contact pin 740 and a fastener 712 rotatably engages the body. Cable fixation occurs when a crimp zone of the connector body 762 is forced against an outer jacket of a coaxial cable (not shown).
FIGS. 8-14 show shielded coaxial connectors in accordance with the present invention. In particular, these connectors incorporate internal moving parts for shielding and/or enhancing connector safety.
FIGS. 8A and 8B show schematic views of a shielded coaxial connector 800A, 800B. The connector includes a tubular body 802 having opposing ends 808, 810, at least one of which is for receiving a mating male or female coaxial cable connector. Some embodiments include a fastener 809 for engaging a female coaxial connector such as a port.
A stationery contact assembly 804 is near a first end of the body 808 and a movable contact assembly 806 is near a second end of the body 810. The stationery contact assembly is at least partially within the body 802 and the movable contact assembly is only partially within the body such that a biasing force Fb acting on the movable contact assembly tends to separate a stationery contact 805 of the stationery contact assembly and a movable contact 807 of the movable contact assembly. In various embodiments, a front support 812 fixedly couples the stationery contact assembly to the body while a rear support enables motion of the moving contact relative to the body. For example, a sliding contact rear support 814 enables the movable contact to slide relative to the body. And, in various embodiments one or both of the front and rear supports provide an electrical insulating barrier between the body 802 and at least one of the contacts 805, 807.
A feature of this connector is seen in FIG. 8B when the biasing force Fb is overcome by a moving force Fm, pushing the movable contact assembly 806 in the direction of the body's first end such that the contacts 805, 807 press together. In various embodiments the moving force is supplied by a coaxial connector that engages the second end of the body 810. Exemplary biasing force means include springs, spring-like materials, gas struts or springs, resilient materials, resilient structures, elastic materials, elastic structures, and the like.
FIGS. 9A and 9B show cross sectional views of a coaxial splice connector 900A, 900B. A connector body 802 having first and second ends 808, 810 houses a stationery contact assembly 804 with a stationery contact 805, and a movable contact assembly 806 with a movable contact 807. A first end bore of the body 919 receives the stationery contact assembly and a second end bore of the body 921 receives the movable contact assembly. In various embodiments the bores 919, 921 have similar or the same diameters and in some embodiments the bore is a through bore.
The stationery contact assembly 804 has a generally tubular shape and is fitted into the first body bore 919. The contact assembly includes a stationery conductor assembly 940 and a stationery conductor assembly carrier 980.
A first end of the carrier 981 is positioned near the first end of the body 808 and a second end of the carrier 961 extends into the body. A socket of the carrier 966 holds the conductor assembly 940. The conductor assembly 940 extends between and includes the stationery contact 805 at one end and an accessible contact 916 with inwardly directed tines 956 at an opposed end. A stationery entrance of the carrier 933 provides access to the accessible contact.
The movable contact assembly 806 has a generally tubular shape and is fitted into the second body bore 921. The movable contact assembly includes a movable conductor assembly 942 and a movable conductor assembly carrier 982.
A first end of the carrier 983 protrudes from the body 802 and a second end of the carrier 962 extends into the body. A socket of the carrier 968 holds the conductor assembly 942. The conductor assembly 942 extends between and includes a) the movable contact 807 at one end with inwardly directed tines 957 and an accessible contact 918 with inwardly directed tines 958 at an opposed end. A movable entrance of the carrier 935 provides access to the accessible contact.
In various embodiments, the movable contact assembly 806 is separated from the stationery contact assembly 804 by a resilient device or material such as a spring. In an embodiment, a coil spring 902 is captured between an end of the movable carrier 988 and fixed surface such as a radial shoulder of the stationery carrier 986. As skilled artisans will recognize, the function of springing the stationery and movable contact assemblies apart can be accomplished in other ways with similar effect. For example, the contact assemblies may interoperate via telescoping arrangement as shown or they may have no such engagement.
A feature of this connector is seen from FIGS. 9A and 9B. In particular, engaging a mating connector 999 with the second end of the splice 810 pushes a protruding nose 960 of the first contact assembly toward the first end of the splice body 802. Moving with the contact assembly is the movable contact 807 which is seen in FIG. 9B to engage the stationery contact 805 by traversing a gap 941. This completes the circuit between the accessible contacts 916 and 918 of the splice. As shown, a center conductor 997 of an associated coaxial cable 995 is also engaged with the splice second end accessible contact 918.
FIGS. 10A and 10B show cross sectional views of a single ended female coaxial connector 1000A, 1000B. A connector body 802 having first and second ends 808, 810 houses a stationery contact assembly 804 with a stationery contact 805, and a movable contact assembly 806 with a movable contact 807. Supporting the connector body is a connector base 1022 that is fixed to the body's first end 808.
A first bore of the body 1019 receives the stationery contact assembly 804 and a second bore of the body 1021 receives the movable contact assembly 806. In various embodiments the bores 1019, 1021 have similar or the same diameters and in some embodiments the bore is a single bore.
The stationery contact assembly 804 has a generally tubular shape and is fitted into the first body bore 1019. The contact assembly includes a stationery conductor 1026 and a stationery conductor carrier 1008.
A first end of the carrier 1081 is positioned near the first end of the body 808 and a second end of the carrier 1061 extends into the body. A socket of the carrier 1066 holds the conductor 1026. The conductor 1026 extends through the carrier end 1081 and through a connector base passageway 1033. The conductor's body enclosed end is the stationery contact 805.
The movable contact assembly 806 has a generally tubular shape and is fitted into the second body bore 1021. The movable contact assembly includes a movable conductor assembly 942 and a movable conductor assembly carrier 982.
A first end of the carrier 983 protrudes from the body 802 and a second end of the carrier 962 extends into the body. A socket of the carrier 968 holds the conductor assembly 942. The conductor assembly 942 extends between and includes the movable contact 807 at one end and an accessible contact 918 with inwardly directed tines 958 at an opposed end. A movable entrance of the carrier 935 provides access to the accessible contact.
In various embodiments, the movable contact assembly 806 is separated from the stationery contact assembly 804 by a resilient device or material such as a spring. In an embodiment, a coil spring 902 is captured between an end of the movable carrier 988 and fixed surface such as a radial shoulder of the stationery carrier 1086. As skilled artisans will recognize, the function of springing the stationery and movable contact assemblies apart can be accomplished in other ways with similar effect. For example, the contact assemblies may interoperate via telescoping arrangement as shown or they may have no such engagement.
A feature of this connector is seen in FIGS. 10A and 10B. In particular, engaging a mating connector 999 with the second end of the single ended female connector 810 pushes a protruding nose 960 of the first contact assembly toward the first end of the body 808. Moving with the contact assembly is the movable contact 807 which is seen in FIG. 10B to engage the stationery contact 805 by traversing a gap 1041. This completes the circuit between the accessible contacts 918 and the stationery conductor 1026. As shown, a center conductor 997 of an associated coaxial cable 995 is also engaged with the connector second end accessible contact 918.
As skilled artisans will recognize, contact arrangements shown in FIGS. 9-10 are changed in different embodiments. For example, other contact arrangements include single piece male and female contacts such as pancake contacts, female binary contacts such as knife switch like female contacts, and other switch contact arrangements that will be appreciated by skilled artisans as suitable for this application(s).
FIGS. 11A-C show cross sectional views of a crimp type male coaxial cable connector utilizing a fixed pin 1100A-C. As persons of ordinary skill in the art will understand, the described moving and stationery contact assemblies may be implemented in other connectors including other male F type connectors having different structures for cable fixation.
FIG. 11A shows the connector before a coaxial cable is inserted 1100A. A connector body 802 extends between first and second connector ends 808, 810 and a fastener 809 engages the second connector end. Near the first end of the connector is a crimp portion of the connector 1162. The connector body houses a stationery contact assembly 804 with a stationery contact 805 (see FIG. 11B) and a movable contact assembly 806 with a movable contact 807.
A first bore of the body 1119 receives the stationery contact assembly 804 and a second bore of the body 1121 receives the movable contact assembly 806. In various embodiments, the bores 1119, 1121 have similar or the same diameters and in some embodiments the bore is a single bore.
FIG. 11B shows the connector after a coaxial cable is inserted 1100B. The stationery contact assembly 804 has a generally tubular shape and is fitted into the first body bore 1019. The coaxial cable 995 is stabbed onto a hollow post 1132 such that the post passes between a cable shielding braid 1175 and a cable dielectric 1176. An annular collar 1170 is inserted in a mouth of the post 1129 near the body's second end 810. The collar aperture 1174 is a passageway through which the coaxial center conductor 1171 passes. This free end of the coaxial cable center conductor is the stationery contact 805.
The moving contact assembly 806 has a generally tubular shape and is fitted into the second body bore 1121. This contact assembly includes a moving contact carrier 1178, the moving contact 807, and an elongated pin 1180. The pin is electrically coupled to the moving contact and fixed to the carrier such that it projects beyond a fastener mouth 1181.
A first end of the movable carrier 1183 protrudes from the body 802 and the second end of the carrier 1184 extends into the body. A socket of the carrier 1168 holds the moving contact 807 and the elongated pin 1180.
In various embodiments, the movable contact assembly 806 is separated from the stationery contact assembly 804 by a resilient device or material such as a spring. In an embodiment, a coil spring 1102 is captured between an end of the movable carrier 1184 and a fixed surface such as a part of the stationery contact assembly 804. As skilled artisans will recognize, the function of springing the stationery and movable contact assemblies apart can be accomplished in other ways with similar effect. For example, the contact assemblies may interoperate via telescoping arrangement as shown or they may have no such engagement.
A feature of this connector is seen in FIGS. 11A-C. In particular, engaging a mating connector such as a female connector or splice end 1100C with the second end of the fixed pin connector 810 pushes a protruding nose 1160 of the first contact assembly toward the first end of the body 808 while compressing the coil spring 1103. Moving with the contact assembly is the movable contact 807 which is seen in FIG. 11C to engage the stationery contact 805 by traversing a gap 1141. This completes the circuit between the center conductor of the coaxial cable 1171 and the elongated pin 1180. Note, the coaxial cable 995 is not shown in FIG. 11C for clarity.
Embodiments of the invention are configured as adapters for use with existing coaxial connector connectors. For example, panel mounted coaxial connector ports can be protected against RF ingress using embodiments of the invention such as the adapter discussed below.
FIG. 12 shows a cross sectional view of an adapter 1200. A connector body 802 having first and second ends 808, 810 houses a stationery contact assembly 804 with a stationery contact 805, and a movable contact assembly 806 with a movable contact 807. At the first end of the connector is a fastener such as an internally threaded fastener 1209.
A first bore of the body 1219 receives the stationery contact assembly 804 and a second bore of the body 1221 receives the movable contact assembly 806. In various embodiments, the bores 1219, 1221 have similar or the same diameters and in some embodiments the bore is a single bore.
The stationery contact assembly 804 has a generally tubular shape and is fitted into the first body bore 1219. The contact assembly includes a stationery conductor 1226 and a stationery conductor carrier 1208.
A first end of the carrier 1281 is positioned near the first end of the body 808 and a second end of the carrier 1261 extends into the body. A socket of the carrier 1266 holds the conductor 1226. The conductor 1226 extends through the carrier end 1281 and in some embodiments through a connector body annular end wall 1293. The stationery conductor's enclosed end is the stationery contact 805.
The movable contact assembly 806 has a generally tubular shape and is fitted into the second body bore 1221. The movable contact assembly includes a movable conductor assembly 1242 and a movable conductor assembly carrier 1282.
A first end of the carrier 1283 protrudes from the body 802 and a second end of the carrier 1262 extends into the body. A socket of the carrier 1268 holds the conductor assembly 1242. The conductor assembly 1242 extends between and includes a) the movable contact 807 with inwardly directed tines 1257 at one end and b) an accessible contact 1218 with inwardly directed tines 1258 at an opposed end. A movable entrance of the carrier 1235 provides access to the accessible contact.
In various embodiments, the movable contact assembly 806 is separated from the stationery contact assembly 804 by a resilient device or material such as a spring. In an embodiment, a coil spring 1202 is captured between an end of the movable carrier 1288 and fixed surface such as a radial shoulder of the stationery carrier 1286. As skilled artisans will recognize, the function of springing the stationery and movable contact assemblies apart can be accomplished in other ways with similar effect. For example, the contact assemblies may interoperate via telescoping arrangement as shown or they may have no such engagement.
Comparing this connector with the connector of FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrates a feature of this connector. In particular, engaging a mating connector 999 with the second end of the adapter 810 pushes a protruding nose 1260 of the first contact assembly toward the first end of the body 802. Moving with the contact assembly is the movable contact 807 which engages the stationery contact 805 by traversing a gap 1241. This completes the circuit between the accessible contacts 1218 and the stationery conductor 1026.
FIGS. 13A and 13B show a second coaxial splice connector 1300A, 1300B. This connector is similar to the connector of FIGS. 9A and 9B and implements a disconnect switch including stationery and moving contact assemblies 940, 942. In addition, this connector implements a second shield using a retractable coaxial shield assembly 1399.
The moving contact assembly 806 has a generally tubular shape and is fitted into a second bore of the body 921. The moving contact assembly includes the moving conductor assembly 942 and a moving conductor assembly carrier 1382. Adjacent to a first end of the carrier 1383 is a generally tubular nose 1310 protruding from the body 802. A second end of the carrier 1362 has a generally tubular shape and is separated from the nose by a reduced diameter waist 1313. The waist is, in various embodiments, made from one more materials including an insulating material(s).
Portions of the retractable coaxial shield assembly 1399 are formed by a coaxial shield spring 1316 and the moving conductor assembly carrier 806. In various embodiments, the spring shield encircles one or both of the moving conductor assembly carrier 1382 and the conductor of the moving contact assembly 942. Details of this spring are shown in detail views 1350 and 1354. In particular, detail view 1350 shows the shield spring has a collar 1351 adjoining inwardly pointed fingers 1353 with finger tips 1355. Detail view 1354 shows a view of the shield spring looking into the open collar end of the spring.
In various embodiments, the shield spring 1316 is mounted such that its fingers 1353 are moved and/or lifted up by movement of the conductor carrier nose 1310 toward the first end of the connector 808. With the nose in an extended position, the spring finger tips 1355 are initially at rest against an outer surface of the waist 1322. As the nose is pushed into the body, a shoulder of the moving contact assembly near the waist 1312 lifts the spring fingers out of a space above the waist 1318 and toward an inner surface of the body 1317. In similar fashion, as the moving contact assembly returns to its earlier extended position, the spring fingers descend toward the waist until the finger tips rest on the waist outer surface.
In some embodiments, the shield spring collar 1351 encircles and touches the nose outer surface 1330. And, in some embodiments the shield spring collar encircles the nose outer surface but does not touch the outer nose surface. In connector embodiments utilizing an annular end plug 1387, the shield spring collar, encircles the plug in some embodiments while in others it lies at least partially within the plug.
Because the shield spring 1316 is an energy shunt, it is electrically conductive and there is electrical continuity between the shield spring and the body 802. In addition, the distance between the moving conductor assembly 942 and the deployed finger tips of the shield spring 1355 as determined by a waist thickness is, in various embodiments, in the range of about 0.2 to 1.0 millimeters and in an embodiment about 0.5 millimeters. This separation distance or waste thickness is chosen to promote antenna like action of the spring shield with respect to the moving conductor assembly.
A feature of this connector is seen in FIGS. 13A and 13B. In particular, engaging a mating connector 999 with the second end of the splice 810 pushes a protruding nose 1310 of the movable contact assembly 806 toward the first end of the splice body 808. Moving with the movable contact assembly is the movable contact 807 which is seen to engage the stationery contact 805 by traversing a gap 1341. This completes the circuit between the accessible contacts 916 and 918 of the splice. A center conductor 997 of an associated coaxial cable 995 is also engaged with the splice second end accessible contact 918. Further, as explained above, the retractable coaxial shield 1316 is deployed while the protruding nose is extended and lifted away from the movable conductor assembly 942 when the protruding nose is pushed toward the connector's first end 808.
FIGS. 13C-F show connector embodiments of the present invention mateable with International Electrotechnical Commission (“IEC”) type connectors 1300C, 1300D, 1300E, and 1300F.
FIGS. 13C and 13D show cross sectional views of a female coaxial cable connector 1300C, 1300D.
The connector has first and second ends 1315, 1317 and includes a hollow connector body 1360 having first and second ends 1361, 1362 and a central longitudinal axis x-x. The connector body houses a stationery contact assembly 1363 with a stationery contact 1364 and a moveable contact and/or moveable contact assembly 1365 with a moveable contact 1366. Generally opposed ends of the moveable contact form a movable contact pin 1388 and a movable contact center pin receiver 1387. Slidingly supporting the moving contact is a base 1367 supported by and fixed with respect to a connector body inner wall 1369. As shown, the moving contact passes through a central aperture of the base 1368.
The connector body 1360 contains a spring such as a coil spring 1378 that extends in a body middle section 1371 between stationery and moving spring plates 1376, 1379. The stationery spring plate includes a central aperture 1377 through which the moving contact pin 1388 moves to engage a bore 1381 of the stationery contact 1364. A stationery conductor 1372 is mated with and/or integral with the stationery contact 1364.
Opposite the spring side of the stationery spring plate 1382, a socket 1373 projects from the spring plate. The socket receives and supports the stationery contact 1364 such that the stationery contact bore 1381 is aligned with the moving contact pin 1388. A stationery contact housing 1374 surrounds the stationery contact and is at least partially inserted in a body end bore 1370 near the second end 1362 of the connector body 1360. A portion of the housing protruding from the connector body 1384 includes and/or is integral with a stationary contact distal end support 1375. An end support central aperture 1385 supports one or both of the stationery contact and the stationery conductor 1372.
Opposite the spring side of the moving spring plate 1386, a spring plate rest 1367 is fixed relative to and supported by the connector body inside wall 1369. Central apertures 1380, 1368 through the moving spring plate 1379 and through the rest 1367 provide support for the moving contact 1366 which passes through the apertures. In various embodiments, the rest aperture provides a sliding engagement with the moving contact.
A distal end of the moving contact includes a bore 1778 having a longitudinal centerline about coincident with the x-x axis. Insertion of a mating male connector (see for example the connector and center pin of the IEC male connector of FIG. 13E) into the first end 1361 of the female connector body causes the female connector moving contact 1366 to be pushed toward the stationery contact 1364. Insertion of the male connector (not shown) into the female connector 1300C causes the moving contact pin 1388 to be inserted into the stationery contact bore 1381 such that electrical continuity is established between the stationery contact 1372 and the moving contact 1366.
FIG. 13D shows the connector of FIG. 13C when continuity through the connector center conductors is established 1300D. As seen, spring 1378 is compressed due to movement of the moving contact 1366 and the moving spring plate 1379 toward the stationery contact 1364. Here, moving contact pin 1377 passes through the stationery spring plate 1376 via aperture 1377. Electrical continuity between the moving contact and the stationery contact is established when the moving contact pin enters the stationery contact bore 1381 and contacts the stationery contact.
FIGS. 13E and 13F show cross sectional views of a male coaxial cable connector 1300E, 1300F.
The connector has first and second ends 1315, 1317 and includes a hollow connector body 1393 having first and second ends 1361, 1362 and a central longitudinal axis x-x. The connector body houses a stationery contact assembly 1363 with a stationery contact 1364 and a moveable contact and/or moveable contact assembly 1394 with a moveable contact 1390. Generally opposed ends of the moveable contact form a movable contact pin 1392 and a movable contact center pin 1391. Slidingly supporting the moving contact is a base 1367 supported by and fixed with respect to a connector body inner wall 1369. As shown, the moving contact passes through a central aperture of the base 1368.
The connector body 1393 contains a spring such as a coil spring 1378 that extends in a body middle section 1371 between stationery and moving spring plates 1376, 1379. The stationery spring plate includes a central aperture 1377 through which the moving contact pin 1392 moves to engage a bore 1381 of the stationery contact 1364. A stationery conductor 1372 is mated with and/or integral with the stationery contact 1364.
Opposite the spring side of the stationery spring plate 1382, a socket 1373 projects from the spring plate. The socket receives and supports the stationery contact 1364 such that the stationery contact bore 1381 is aligned with the moving contact pin 1392. A stationery contact housing 1374 surrounds the stationery contact and is at least partially inserted in a body end bore 1370 near the second end 1362 of the connector body 1393. A portion of the housing protruding from the connector body 1384 includes and/or is integral with a stationary contact distal end support 1375. An end support central aperture 1385 supports one or both of the stationery contact and the stationery conductor 1372.
Opposite the spring side of the moving spring plate 1386, a spring plate rest 1367 is fixed relative to and supported by the connector body inside wall 1369. Central apertures 1380, 1368 through the moving spring plate 1379 and through the rest 1367 provide support for the moving contact 1390 which passes through the apertures. In various embodiments, the rest aperture provides a sliding engagement with the moving contact.
A distal end of the moving contact includes a center pin such as a bull nose center pin 1391 having a longitudinal centerline about coincident with the x-x axis. Connection with a mating female connector (see for example the IEC female connector of FIG. 13C) causes the male connector moving contact 1390 to be pushed toward the stationery contact 1364. Mating of the connectors (not shown) causes the moving contact pin 1392 to be inserted into the stationery contact bore 1381 such that electrical continuity is established between the stationery contact 1372 and the moving contact 1390.
FIG. 13F shows the connector of FIG. 13E when continuity through the connector center conductors is established 1300F. As seen, spring 1378 is compressed due to movement of the moving contact 1390 and the moving spring plate 1379 toward the stationery contact 1364. Here, moving contact pin 1392 passes through the stationery spring plate 1376 via aperture 1377. Electrical continuity between the moving contact and the stationery contact is established when the moving contact pin enters the stationery contact bore 1381 and contacts the stationery contact.
As skilled artisans will recognize, contact parts including the stationery conductor 1372, stationery contact 1364, and moving contact 1366, 1390 will be made from one or more electrically conductive materials. And, as skilled artisans will recognize, electrically insulating materials will typically support these connector center conductors, polymer(s) for example might be used to fabricate the stationery contact end support 1375, the stationery spring support plate 1376, the moving spring support plate 1379, and the rest 1367. In various embodiments, the connector body 1360, 1393 and stationery contact housing 1374 will be made from materials including electrically conductive materials to allow continuity of a ground signal through the connector. In an embodiment, metal(s) including copper form the stationery conductor 1372, the stationery contact 1364, and the moving contact 1366, 1390.
Embodiments utilizing a retractable coaxial shield spring need not incorporate a disconnect switch. For example, FIGS. 14A and 14B show a third coaxial splice connector 1400A, 1400B. Like the connector of FIG. 13A above, this third splice connector incorporates a retractable coaxial shield spring. However, it does not include a disconnect switch.
The connector body 1402 extends between first and second ends 1408, 1410 and includes a seizing pin 1404 supported at the first end by a stationery carrier 1460 located in a first bore of the body 1419 and supported at the second end by a moving carrier 1462 located in a second bore of the body 1421.
First and second contacts of the seizing pin 1416, 1418 are inserted in opposed ends 1464, 1466 of through holes in the stationery and moving carriers 1463, 1465. The seizing pin contact in the moving carrier 1418 is slidable in the through hole 1465 and is acted on by a spring 1420. One end of the spring presses on an annular face of the moving contact face 1426. Another end of the spring presses on an inwardly turned shoulder at a mouth of the moving carrier through hole mouth 1424. Action of the spring tends to hold a moving carrier rim 1439 against an inwardly turned shoulder at a mouth of the body 1437.
RF shielding is provided by a retractable coaxial shield spring 1416. Details of this spring are shown in detail views 1450 and 1454. In particular, detail view 1450 shows the shield spring has a collar 1451 adjoining outwardly pointed fingers 1453 with finger tips 1455. Detail view 145r shows a view of the shield spring looking into the open collar end of the spring.
In various embodiments, the shield spring 1416 is mounted such that its fingers 1453 are extended radially outward when a carrier nose 1411 is extended. When the nose is pressed into the body 1402, it slides along the seizing pin and captures the shield spring fingers between the seizing pin and the bore of the moving carrier 1465. In various embodiments, the shield spring collar is fixed with respect to the seizing pin such as by soldering, by collar mechanical features that interengage with seizing pin mechanical features, and the like.
As with the first coaxial shielding spring of FIG. 13A, this second coaxial shielding spring is also electrically conductive. FIG. 14A shows the shielding spring deployed and establishing electrical continuity between the conductive connector body 1402 and the seizing pin 1404. FIG. 14B shows the shielding spring in a stored position alongside the seizing pin.
As skilled artisans will recognize, contact arrangements shown above are changed in different embodiments. FIGS. 9A, 10A, 12, and 13A are examples where at least some contacts can be reversed. In particular, the stationery contact 805 shown in FIG. 10A is a male contact while the moving contact 807 of the same figure is a female contact; these contacts may be reversed such that the stationery contact is a female contact and the moving contact is a male contact.
FIG. 15 compares RF passing through open coaxial splices 1500. In particular, in a frequency range of 0.3 MHz to 1000 MHz, a prior art splice similar to the splice of FIG. 3A allows the RF ingress shown by trace 1506, an estimated −70 dB signal on average 1503. In the same frequency range, a splice similar to the inventive embodiment of FIG. 9A allows RF ingress shown by trace 1502, a signal generally below −110 dB 1504. As can be seen, a −40 dB improvement results from use of such a splice.
While various embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it should be understood that they are presented by way of example only, and not limitation. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the form and details can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. As such, the breadth and scope of the present invention should not be limited by the above-described exemplary embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and equivalents thereof.

## Claims

1. An adapter in the form of a shielded coaxial connector, the adapter comprising:
a body that extends between an adapter male end and an adapter female end, the male end for mating with a female coaxial connector and the female end for mating with a male coaxial connector;
a center conductor located along a longitudinal body centerline;
the center conductor includes a fixed contact separable from a movable contact; and,
the movable contact is carried by a nose and a spring urges the nose to protrude from the body;
wherein a coaxial connector that engages the nose brings the fixed and movable contacts together when the connector is mated with the adapter.

2. The adapter of claim 1 wherein:
the body, nose, and spring are coaxially arranged; and,
the body is electrically conductive and is electrically isolated from the center conductor.

3. The adapter of claim 1 wherein the spring encircles the center conductor.

4. The adapter of claim 3 wherein the adapter male end includes an internally threaded fastener for engaging an F-Type female coaxial connector.

5. The adapter of claim 4 wherein the adapter female end includes and externally threaded portion for engaging an F-Type male coaxial connector.

6. The adapter of claim 5 wherein the fastener is not rotatable with respect to the body.

7. The adapter of claim 3 wherein the nose is pushed into the body and the spring is compressed when a male coaxial connector is mated with adapter female end.

8. The adapter of claim 7 wherein the body is electrically conductive and is electrically isolated from the center conductor.

9. A method of selectively shielding a coaxial port, the method comprising the steps of:
providing an adapter in the form of a shielded coaxial connector, the adapter including a fixed center conductor portion, a moveable center conductor portion, a body, a nose, and a spring;
wherein the fixed and moveable center conductor portions are brought together when the nose which is urged by the spring to protrude from the body is pressed into the body;
providing an adapter male end and an adapter female end;
mating the adapter male end with a coaxial port to be shielded;
shielding the coaxial port via an open circuit when the adapter female end is not mated with a mating connector and the spring causes the movable center conductor portion to separate from the fixed center conductor portion; and,
using the coaxial port via a closed circuit when the adapter female end is mated with a mating connector and compression of the spring causes the movable center conductor portion to engage the fixed center conductor portion.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein:
the body, nose, and spring are coaxially arranged; and,
the coaxial port to be shielded is a wall mounted coaxial connector interconnected with a coaxial cable carrying a CATV signal.

11. The method of claim 9 wherein the spring encircles the center conductor.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the adapter male end includes an internally threaded fastener for engaging an F-Type female coaxial connector.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein the adapter female end includes and externally threaded portion for engaging an F-Type male coaxial connector.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein the fastener is not rotatable with respect to the body.

15. The method of claim 11 wherein the nose is pushed into the body and the spring is compressed when a male coaxial connector is mated with adapter female end.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein the body is electrically conductive and adapter insulators electrically isolated the body from the center conductor.

17. A shielded coaxial connector assembly comprising:
a body that extends between a connector male end and a connector end for coupling to a coaxial cable, the male end for mating with a female coaxial connector;
a center conductor located along a longitudinal body centerline;
the center conductor includes a fixed contact separable from a movable contact; and,
the movable contact is carried by a nose and a spring urges the nose to protrude from the body into a cavity of a fastener at the connector male end;
wherein a female coaxial connector that mates with the male end of the shielded coaxial connector engages the nose and brings the fixed and movable contacts together.

18. The adapter of claim 17 wherein:
the body, nose, and spring are coaxially arranged;
the connector male end is for engaging an F-Type connector; and,
the body is electrically conductive and is electrically isolated from the center conductor.

19. The adapter of claim 17 wherein the spring encircles the center conductor.

20. The adapter of claim 19 wherein the nose is pushed into the body and the spring is compressed when the female coaxial connector mates with the male end of the shielded coaxial connector.