#### John Mahoney, Appellant, *v.*Cayuga Lake Cement Company, Respondent.

*Master and servant*— negligence.

Appeal from a judgment entered in the Tompkins county clerk’s office on the 28th day of September, 1909.

Judgment affirmed, with costs, upon the authority of *Mahoney*v. *Cayuga Lake Cement Co.*(126 App. Div. 164).

All concurred, except Betts, J., dissenting in opinion.

Betts, J.

(dissenting): I dissent. The plaintiff in his complaint alleges that while he was employed by the defendant as a common laborer and “while he was setting off and exploding for, and at the request of, said defendant, dynamite, - * * * he sustained the in j rules herein described, from the explosion of said dynamite, by and through the negligence and default of said defendant.” This is a very general allegation of negligence and no apparent attempt was made by the defendant to compel him to limit the allegation or make it more specific and certain. The defendant admits that “ plaintiff was in the employ of defendant as a laborer.” The plaintiff testifies that while thus employed and with no experience whatever in exploding dynamite, the defendant’s foreman, in charge of the *897work, gave him a knife and some matches, after sending him for a dynamite stick, and directed him to fire a drilled hole in the rock. The plaintiff testifies the foreman, Maloney, told him to light the fuse attached to the dynamite, drop it in the hole and shove it down with a stick. The plaintiff also testifies that he remonstrated against doing such work, that he did not even know enough about dynamite to get the proper cartridge or piece when sent for it to the toolhouse where other dynamite was kept. No instructions whatever were given the plaintiff as to the use of this dynamite except in the most general way, and no warning whatever as to danger in its use, so far as the plaintiff testified to or any one else. While doing as he claims he was directed to do an explosion occurred and plaintiff received the injuries he complains of. There was testimony in the ease by which the jury could have found that the plaintiff was taken from a safe employment which he' was employed to do and directed by the defendant’s foreman to do this coneededly unsafe work without any warning whatever as to the perils attendant upon it. It is held in *Lofrano*v. *New York & Mount Vernon Water Company*(55 Hun, 452), where the plaintiff, a day laborer, was instructed by the defendant’s foreman to warm a quantity of dynamite which exploded and injured him, that as the plaintiff was not employed to perform that kind of services he did not therefore, assume the risks incident thereto, and as no warning was given to the plaintiff of the danger accompanying such services that the defendant violated the duty which it owed to the plaintiff by setting him in a dangerous place at a perilous service, without warning or admonition of any kind, and that none of the duties as to warning or admonition could be delegated by the company to the foreman so as to exonerate the defendant and that the defendant was liable for the act of the foreman. (See. also, *Pantzar*v. *Tilly Foster Iron Mining Co.,*99 N. Y. 368.) In *Simone*v. *Kirk*(173 N. Y. 7, 13) it is held: “ Certain work is inherently dangerous and yet the master has the right to hire servants to do-it. In such eases, however, unless the danger is obvious to an ordinary observer, it is his duty to give them due warning, so that they may refuse to. work if they do not wish to run the risk,' and proper instructions so that if they enter upon the work they may be able to take care of themselves.” It further holds that the employer cannot delegate this duty “without liability for the negligence of the one to whom he intrusts it.” In *Pelow*v. *Oil Well Supply Company*(194 N. Y. 64) it is held that the duty of giving proper warning and instruction to one engaged in work which is or is likely to become dangerous rests upon the master and cannot be delegated. There was also evidence in the case that the proper way to fire a hole with the kind of dynamite cartridge that was used here was with a fuse long enough to reach entirely out of the hole. The hole was about ten feet deep. The evidence here is that this fuse used was somewhere between eight and and twenty inches long. I think there was evidence in this case from which a jury might have found that the defendant was negligent in taking the plaintiff, a common laborer, and putting him at dangerous work *898with, which, he was unfamiliar without warning and instructions as to its dangers, and that the plaintiff was not guilty of contributory negligence, and that it was a proper ease to he considered by the jury. It follows that' the judgment should be reversed and a new trial granted, with costs to the plaintiff to abide the event.