Page 1 of 12

Dose Reconstruction Method for Chronic 

Lymphocytic Leukemia

ORAUT-OTIB-0082 Rev. 01

Effective Date: 04/29/2021

Supersedes: Revision 00 PC-1 

Subject Expert(s): Elizabeth M. Brackett, Jo Ann Jenkins, Matthew H. Smith 

Document Owner 

Approval: Signature on File

Elizabeth M. Brackett, Document Owner

Approval Date: 04/12/2021

Concurrence: Signature on File

John M. Byrne, Objective 1 Manager

Concurrence Date: 04/12/2021

Concurrence: Signature on File

Scott R. Siebert, Objective 3 Manager

Concurrence Date: 04/12/2021

Concurrence: Vickie S. Short Signature on File for

Kate Kimpan, Project Director

Concurrence Date: 04/12/2021

Approval: Signature on File

Timothy D. Taulbee, Associate Director for Science

Approval Date: 04/29/2021

FOR DOCUMENTS MARKED AS A TOTAL REWRITE, REVISION, OR PAGE CHANGE, REPLACE THE PRIOR 

REVISION AND DISCARD / DESTROY ALL COPIES OF THE PRIOR REVISION.

New Total Rewrite Revision Page Change
Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0082 Revision No. 01 Effective Date: 04/29/2021 Page 2 of 12

 

PUBLICATION RECORD

EFFECTIVE 

DATE

REVISION 

NUMBER DESCRIPTION

12/04/2012 00 New document initiated to describe the use of the chronic 

lymphocytic leukemia model and to provide guidance to dose 

reconstructors on its application. Incorporates formal internal and 

NIOSH review comments. Training required: As determined by the 

Objective Manager. Initiated by Elizabeth M. Brackett.

12/20/2012 00 PC-1 Page change revision initiated to Section 4.3 to add clarification 

regarding the use of OTIB-0017 and a description of the blended 

electron DCF to be used for assigning dose due to electrons. No 

review comments were received as a result of formal internal and 

NIOSH review. Training required: As determined by the Objective 

Manager. Initiated by Matthew H. Smith.

04/29/2021 01 Revision initiated to reflect changes made to ORAUT-OTIB-0049. 

Incorporates formal internal and NIOSH review comments. 

Constitutes a total rewrite of the document. Training required: As 

determined by the Objective Manager. Initiated by Elizabeth M. 

Brackett.
Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0082 Revision No. 01 Effective Date: 04/29/2021 Page 3 of 12

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION TITLE PAGE

Acronyms and Abbreviations.................................................................................................................. 4

1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 5

2.0 Purpose....................................................................................................................................... 5

3.0 General Model ............................................................................................................................ 5

3.1 Background..................................................................................................................... 5

3.2 Correspondence of Modeled Organs .............................................................................. 6

4.0 Guidance..................................................................................................................................... 6

4.1 Medical X-Ray Dose ....................................................................................................... 6

4.2 Internal Dose................................................................................................................... 8

4.2.1 Best Estimates ................................................................................................. 8

4.2.2 Integrated Modules for Bioassay Analysis........................................................ 8

4.2.3 Web CAD ......................................................................................................... 8

4.2.4 Type Super S Material...................................................................................... 8

4.2.5 Tritium .............................................................................................................. 8

4.2.6 Overestimates for Facilities with Air Sampling Programs................................. 9

4.2.7 Radionuclide Chooser...................................................................................... 9

4.2.8 Environmental Doses ....................................................................................... 9

4.2.9 Reactor Mixes .................................................................................................. 9

4.3 External Dose.................................................................................................................. 9

5.0 Attributions and Annotations .....................................................................................................10

References ...........................................................................................................................................11

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TITLE PAGE

4-1 Correspondence of CLL model to ICRP-modeled organs .......................................................... 7

4-2 Exposed skin fractions used to estimate skin dose .................................................................... 7

4-3 Material types to be assigned for ORAUT-OTIB-0054 CLL analyses......................................... 9
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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AWE atomic weapons employer

CLL chronic lymphocytic leukemia

DCF dose conversion factor

DHHS U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

DOE U.S. Department of Energy

EEOICPA Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000

ET2 extrathoracic region 2 (posterior nasal passage, larynx, pharynx, and mouth)

FR Federal Register

HNM highest nonmetabolic organ

ICRP International Commission on Radiological Protection

IDOT Internal Dosimetry Tool

IMBA Integrated Modules for Bioassay Analysis

in. inch

IREP Interactive RadioEpidemiological Program

LLI lower large intestine

LN(ET) extrathoracic lymph nodes

LN(TH) thoracic lymph nodes (trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and sacs)

mrem millirem

NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

ORAU Oak Ridge Associated Universities

ORAUT ORAU Team

RBM red bone marrow

SI small intestine

SRDB Ref ID Site Research Database Reference Identification (number)

TIB technical information bulletin

U.S.C. United States Code

ULI upper large intestine
Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0082 Revision No. 01 Effective Date: 04/29/2021 Page 5 of 12

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Technical information bulletins (TIBs) are not official determinations made by the National Institute for 

Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) but are rather general working documents that provide 

historical background information and guidance to assist in the preparation of dose reconstructions at 

particular sites or categories of sites. They will be revised in the event additional relevant information 

is obtained about the affected site(s), such as changing scientific understanding of operations, 

processes, or procedures involving radioactive materials. TIBs may be used to assist NIOSH staff in 

the completion of individual dose reconstructions.

In this document the word “facility” is used to refer to an area, building, or group of buildings that 

served a specific purpose at a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) or Atomic Weapons Employer 

(AWE) facility. It does not mean, nor should it be equated to, an “AWE facility” or a “DOE facility.” The 

terms AWE and DOE facility are defined in 42 United States Code (U.S.C.) 7384l(5) and (12) of the 

Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000, respectively.

In a final rule published in the Federal Register (FR) on March 21, 2011 [77 FR, p. 5711; 

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) 2012], the department included chronic 

lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) as a radiogenic cancer under the Energy Employees Occupational Illness 

Compensation Program Act of 2000 (EEOICPA). 

CLL originates in the B lymphocytes rather than in a well-defined organ as with other cancers. These 

lymphocytes are distributed throughout the lymph system and, as noted in Review, Synthesis, and 

Application of Information on the Human Lymphatic System to Radiation Dosimetry for Chronic 

Lymphocytic Leukemia [Apostoaei and Trabalka 2012], they can travel throughout the body and their 

inventories in various compartments of the body can change significantly with age, gender, health 

status, and other factors. Estimation of dose to the cancer site for CLL cases requires the calculation 

of the radiation dose to this population of CLL precursor cells. This is more complex than dose 

assessment to other cancer sites because (1) CLL precursor cells can be present in different 

compartments of the lymphatic system throughout the body and (2) these compartments can receive 

substantially different doses. Because the B lymphocyte population in a given organ is not constant, 

probability distributions are used in the assessment.

2.0 PURPOSE

A model was developed to determine a meaningful radiation dose for the assessment of radiological 

risk of CLL; complete details of this dosimetry model can be found in Apostoaei and Trabalka [2012]. 

This TIB provides guidance on the application of this model.

Attributions and annotations, indicated by bracketed callouts and used to identify the source, 

justification, or clarification of the associated information, are presented in Section 5.0. 

3.0 GENERAL MODEL

3.1 BACKGROUND

Current information indicates that CLL is produced by transformation of mature, antigen-experienced 

B lymphocytes, possibly memory cells, potentially anywhere in the body (i.e., including but not 

restricted to the bone marrow). This situation complicates an assessment of the risk of developing 

CLL of radiogenic origin because defining an appropriate target organ or tissue is problematic. 

Radiation doses from internally deposited radionuclides and some types of external exposures can be 

very different at different locations within the body. B cells at different sites can therefore receive 

markedly different doses.
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In the development of the CLL dosimetric model, information was analyzed to derive compartmentspecific weights based on relative sizes of B lymphocyte (more properly a B cell precursor for CLL) 

pools to be used in estimating a weighted average radiation dose. Because of the variability and 

uncertainty in the distribution of these cells, probability distribution functions were assigned to the 

number of lymphocytes and to the fraction that represent B cells for each organ of interest. The final 

model consists of an average dose (and its uncertainty) obtained using weights based on the 

fractional distribution of B lymphocyte precursors across 30 compartments for CLL.

3.2 CORRESPONDENCE OF MODELED ORGANS

There is not a complete one-to-one correspondence between the regions that are included in the 

estimates of inventories of CLL precursors and the organs and tissues for which radiation doses are 

estimated from International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) models. Table 4-1 lists 

the corresponding organs to be assessed for each compartment of the CLL model. Where a direct 

correspondence was not available, a description of the CLL compartment and the assignments in 

ORAUT-OTIB-0005, Internal Dosimetry Organ, External Dosimetry Organ, and IREP Model Selection 

by ICD-10 Code [Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) Team (ORAUT) 2019a], were used to 

determine the appropriate organ.

4.0 GUIDANCE

4.1 MEDICAL X-RAY DOSE

Dose from medical X-ray exposure to each of the compartments that make up the CLL model in 

Table 4-1 is determined in the usual way as the product of the incident air kerma and the dose 

conversion factors (DCFs). As described in ORAUT-OTIB-0006, Dose Reconstruction from 

Occupational Medical X-Ray Procedures [ORAUT 2019b], substitute DCFs are used for organs in the 

model without unique DCFs as shown in parentheses in Table 4-1. If two organs are listed in 

parentheses, the substitute DCF depends on the X-ray examination (typically chest or lumbar spine). 

Each organ dose is then weighted by the fraction of CLL precursor cells in each organ according to 

the CLL model.

The organ dose assignment for CLL is the sum of the weighted organ doses after appropriately 

combining the uncertainty distributions using Monte Carlo methods and accounting for the statistical 

correlation of the incident air kerma with the various organs. 

The skin dose from X-ray exposure for the purpose of CLL is a fraction of the entrance and exit dose 

based on an estimate of the fraction of total exposed skin for poorly and properly collimated beams. 

The area of exposed skin is 3,074 cm2 (14 by 17 in. on each of the entrance and exit sides) for 

properly collimated beams and twice that (6,148 cm2) for poorly collimated beams [ORAUT 2019b]. 

The total skin area for females (16,000 cm2) from ORAUT-OTIB-0017, Interpretation of Dosimetry 

Data for Assignment of Shallow Dose [ORAUT 2005a], should be used to calculate the skin dose 

fraction because it yields a slightly higher fractional result. It is assumed that all of the area of the 

beam (both poorly and properly collimated) is the same as the area of exposed skin. Table 4-2 

provides the exposed skin fractions for estimating the skin dose. 
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Table 4-1. Correspondence of CLL model to ICRP-modeled organs.

a

Compartment of CLL dosimetry model X-ray dose organb 

Internal 

dose organ

External 

dose organ

Lymph nodes–extrathoracic Thyroid LN(ET) Thyroid

Lymph nodes–thoracic Lung LN(TH) Lung

Lymph nodes–remainder Ovaries HNMc Stomachd

Spleen Spleen (lung or ovaries) Spleen Stomachd

Peyer's patches Colon (ovaries) SI Stomachd

Thymus Thymus (lung) Thymus Thymus

Red bone marrow Bone marrow RBM RBM

Tonsils Esophagus (lung) LN(ET) Esophagus

Blood Remainder HNMc Stomachd

Intestinal mucosa–small intestinal wall Ovary SI Stomachd

Intestinal mucosa–upper intestinal mucosa–

intestinal wall

Colon (ovaries) ULI Colond

Lower large intestinal wall Colon (ovaries) LLI Colond

Respiratory mucosa–extrathoracic airways Esophagus (lung) ET2 Esophagus

Respiratory mucosa–lung Lung Lung Lung

Skin Skin Skin Skin

Liver Liver (lung or ovary) Liver Liverd

Vermiform appendix Colon (ovaries) ULI Colond

Residual soft tissue–muscle Remainder Muscle Remainder

Residual soft tissue–breast Breast Breast Breast

Residual soft tissue–kidneys Remainder Kidney Liverd

Residual soft tissue–stomach wall Stomach (lung or ovaries) Stomach Stomachd

Residual soft tissue–pancreas Pancreas (lung or 

ovaries)

Pancreas Stomachd

Residual soft tissue–uterus Uterus Uterus Uterusd

Residual soft tissue–urinary bladder wall Urinary bladder (ovaries) Bladder Bladderd

Residual soft tissue–esophagus Esophagus (lung) Esophagus Esophagus

Residual soft tissue–testes Testes Testes Testesd

Residual soft tissue–thyroid Thyroid Thyroid Thyroid

Residual soft tissue–prostate Prostate (ovaries) HNMc Bladderd

Residual soft tissue–adrenals Remainder Adrenals Remainder

Residual soft tissue–ovaries Ovaries Ovaries Ovariesd

a. ET2 = extrathoracic region 2 (posterior nasal passage, larynx, pharynx, and mouth); LLI = lower large intestine; LN(ET)

= extrathoracic lymph nodes; LN(TH) = thoracic lymph nodes (trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and sacs);

RBM = red bone marrow; SI = small intestine; ULI = upper large intestine.

b. An organ in parentheses after the listed organ indicates the substitute organ DCF to be used to assess the dose to the

listed organ. If there are two organs in parentheses, the substitute DCF depends on the X-ray examination (typically

chest or lumbar spine).

c. See ORAUT-OTIB-0060, Internal Dose Reconstruction [ORAUT 2018], for guidance on selection.

d. Organs that could require application of a glovebox geometry correction factor from DCAS-TIB-0010, Best Estimate

External Dose Reconstruction for Glovebox Workers [NIOSH 2011], or of the geometry correction factor from DCASTIB-0013, Selected Geometric Exposure Scenario Considerations for External Dose Reconstruction at Uranium

Facilities [NIOSH 2010].

Table 4-2. Exposed skin fractions used to estimate skin dose.

a,b

Exposure type Estimated skin dose

Properly collimated beam (entrance + exit skin dose) (0.19)

Poorly collimated beam (entrance + exit skin dose) (0.38)

a. Exposure area is 3,074 cm2 (14 by 17 in. on each of the entrance and exit

sides) for properly collimated beams and twice that (6,148 cm2) for poorly

collimated beams [ORAUT 2019b].

b. The total skin area for females (16,000 cm2) used to calculate the skin dose

fraction [ORAUT 2005a].
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4.2 INTERNAL DOSE

For internal dose calculation, the B lymphocyte compartments correspond to 25 organs, so doses to 

all of them must be calculated to determine the CLL dose to be entered into the Interactive 

RadioEpidemiological Program (IREP). However, one of the 25 corresponds to the highest 

nonmetabolic organ (HNM), which can be one of several organs depending on the particular 

circumstances of the exposure. Bone surface, brain, gall bladder, and heart wall are possible HNM 

organs but are not included in the internal organ correspondence list. Therefore, a total of 28 organs 

must be assessed for the internal dose determination.

As a general rule, assessment of the CLL internal dose is equivalent to assessing a claim with 

cancers of 28 different organs. This is a complicated process and at a minimum is very lengthy, so 

specific issues associated with this calculation are addressed here. 

4.2.1 Best Estimates

When a best estimate is needed, parameters must be consistent across all organs. For example, the 

material type for a given intake of a radionuclide must be the same for all organs. Note that this does 

not preclude the assignment of multiple material types for a given nuclide. This can happen when one 

type is maximizing for a fitted dose while a different type is more favorable to the claimant for the 

missed dose. However, a consistent material type must be used across all organs for the fitted doses 

and, similarly, a consistent material type must be used for the missed dose calculation for all organs. 

When comparing missed versus fitted dose, annual doses should be compared after running the CLL 

tool rather than comparing the missed and fitted annual doses to the individual organs before the 

values are input to the CLL tool.

4.2.2 Integrated Modules for Bioassay Analysis

The Integrated Modules for Bioassay Analysis (IMBA) calculates all organ doses simultaneously. To 

generate a report that includes doses for all organs, click the Select all option on the Equivalent 

Doses page. The CLL tool will import all organs necessary for performing the dose calculation.

4.2.3 Web CAD

The chronic annual dose tool Web CAD has been modified to create files for all relevant organs. A 

single file is created with separate worksheets for each organ.

4.2.4 Type Super S Material

Intakes of highly insoluble forms of plutonium are calculated using the Internal Dosimetry Tool (IDOT). 

Refer to ORAUT-OTIB-0049, Estimating Doses for Plutonium Strongly Related in the Lung [ORAUT 

2020b] for type super S applicability and the IDOT User Guide for information on the use of the tool 

[ORAUT 2020a]. Doses can be calculated with Web CAD or IDOT. The output reports include all 

organs needed for the CLL calculation, which can be imported into the CLL tool. 

4.2.5 Tritium

Dose from tritiated water is most often calculated using the tritium tool (Tritium Doses from Urine Data 

Workbook) as documented in ORAUT-OTIB-0011, Technical Information Bulletin: Tritium Calculated 

and Missed Dose Estimates [ORAUT 2004], because IMBA will not directly calculate the dose from 

measured tritiated water in urine samples. The tritium tool generates only a single list of doses, which 

are applicable to all organs. These doses must be entered into the CLL tool for all relevant organs.
Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0082 Revision No. 01 Effective Date: 04/29/2021 Page 9 of 12

IMBA is used to assess doses from stable metal tritides (see ORAUT-OTIB-0066, Calculation of Dose 

from Intakes of Special Tritium Compounds [ORAUT 2020c]), so the Section 4.2.1 guidance can be 

followed.

4.2.6 Overestimates for Facilities with Air Sampling Programs

This overestimating method is applicable to CLL cases in accordance with ORAUT-OTIB-0018, 

Internal Dose Overestimates for Facilities with Air Sampling Programs [ORAUT 2005b]. Each organ in 

the CLL model must be assessed.

4.2.7 Radionuclide Chooser

The Radionuclide Chooser tool is used to determine the radionuclide and material type combination 

that is most favorable to the claimant from a whole-body count in which many nuclides are reported. 

In the case of CLL, this information is necessary for the 28 organs of interest; Radionuclide Chooser 

can be used to determine the maximizing radionuclide and type combination for each of these organs. 

Once this list is generated, IMBA is run for each of these nuclides for input to the CLL tool.

4.2.8 Environmental Doses

Environmental doses are typically relatively small, so maximizing material types can be used for each 

organ for a best estimate.

4.2.9 Reactor Mixes

ORAUT-OTIB-0054, Fission and Activation Product Assignment for Internal Dose-Related Gross Beta 

and Gross Gamma Analyses [ORAUT 2015], is used to assign radionuclide-specific intakes of mixed 

fission and activation products when air sampling or urinalysis data associated with reactors or reactor 

fuels are available only as gross or total beta activity or gross or total gamma activity. Based on an 

analysis of the CLL organ distribution and the material types yielding the largest dose for each, it was 

determined that the material type for each nuclide in the ORAUT-OTIB-0054 mixture can be fixed for 

CLL analysis. These types are given in Table 4-3. The ORAUT-OTIB-0054 tool assigns the 

appropriate material type.

Table 4-3. Material types to be assigned for ORAUT-OTIB-0054 

CLL analyses. 

Radionuclide Type

Ce-141 S 

Ce-144 S 

Co-60 S 

Cs-134 F 

Cs-137 F 

Eu-154 M

I-131 F 

Nb-95 S 

Pm-147 M 

Radionuclide Type

Pr-143 S

Ru-103 S 

Ru-106 S 

Sr-89 F 

Sr-90 F 

Y-90 S 

Y-91 M 

Zr-95 M 

4.3 EXTERNAL DOSE

For external dose calculation, the B lymphocyte compartments correspond to 15 organs as listed in 

Table 4-1. These organs were selected based on the availability of data for DCFs from OCAS-IG-001, 

External Dose Reconstruction Implementation Guideline [NIOSH 2007] and surrogate organ guidance 

in ORAUT-OTIB-0005 [ORAUT 2019a].
Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0082 Revision No. 01 Effective Date: 04/29/2021 Page 10 of 12

To properly account for the correlation of external dose between dosimeter measurements and the 

individual organs in Table 4-1, a special DCF has been derived and is used to determine the dose to 

the appropriate CLL compartments. As described in DCAS-RPT-004, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

(CLL) Dose Conversion Factors [NIOSH 2012], this blended CLL DCF consists of the weighted

fractions of the DCF values in association with the 15 organs in Table 4-1. Dose should be calculated

using Monte Carlo techniques to combine distributions for measured (or missed) dose, the blended

CLL DCF distribution, and distributions for factors such as neutron-to-photon ratios. Descriptions of

the applications of Monte Carlo methods for external dose are outlined in OCAS-IG-001 [NIOSH

2007].

Table 4-1 lists the organs that could require application of a geometry correction factor due either to 

glovebox work as described in DCAS-TIB-0010, Best Estimate External Dose Reconstruction for 

Glovebox Workers [NIOSH 2011], or to work at uranium facilities as described in DCAS-TIB-0013, 

Selected Geometric Exposure Scenario Considerations for External Dose Reconstruction at Uranium 

Facilities [NIOSH 2010]. In situations where a geometry correction factor is needed, a blended CLL 

DCF incorporating the factor (either as a distribution or as a constant) should be used [NIOSH 2012]. 

Dose assignment to the skin – both penetrating and nonpenetrating – is done in accordance with the 

guidance in ORAUT-OTIB-0017 [ORAUT 2005a]. Shallow dose (typically open window - shielded) 

should be assigned to the skin organ without any transmission correction factors due to the small 

fraction (0.064%) of dose that is assigned to the skin compartment in the CLL model. As described 

earlier in this section, dose assigned as electrons should use a blended CLL DCF consisting of the 

skin, testes, breast, and bone marrow organs. Missed shallow dose is assigned in the same manner 

as all other deep organs (i.e., open window and shielded values are not assessed to determine limit of 

detection and radiation type). In addition, due to the small area of skin that is associated with 

extremity dose (<5% of skin area with the hands), the overall dose to the skin from extremity dose is 

likely to be ≤1 mrem (i.e., over 31 rem of extremity dose would be needed to equal 1 mrem of dose to 

the skin of the extremities). Therefore, extremity dose is not included in the model implementation. 

Similarly, dose from skin contamination incidents – unless it is a case of whole-body or large-area 

contamination – should not be added to the skin dose. Situations that involve large-area 

contamination can be addressed using the guidance in ORAUT-OTIB-0017 [ORAUT 2005a].

5.0 ATTRIBUTIONS AND ANNOTATIONS

All information requiring identification was addressed via references integrated into the reference 

section of this document.
Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0082 Revision No. 01 Effective Date: 04/29/2021 Page 11 of 12

REFERENCES 

Apostoaei AI, Trabalka JR [2012]. Review, synthesis, and application of information on the human 

lymphatic system to radiation dosimetry for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oak Ridge, TN: SENES 

Oak Ridge. March. [SRDB Ref ID: 119510]

DHHS [2012]. Guidelines for determining probability of causation under the Energy Employees 

Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000; revision of guidelines on non-radiogenic 

cancers. Final rule. Fed Regist 77(24):5711. [SRDB Ref ID: 121338] 

NIOSH [2007]. External dose reconstruction implementation guideline. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. 

Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National 

Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. OCAS-IG-001 Rev. 3, November 21. [SRDB Ref ID: 

38864] 

NIOSH [2010]. Selected geometric exposure scenario considerations for external dose reconstruction 

at uranium facilities. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for 

Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. DCAS-TIB0013 Rev. 1, November 23. [SRDB Ref ID: 90694]

NIOSH [2011]. Best estimate external dose reconstruction for glovebox workers. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. 

Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National 

Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. DCAS-TIB-0010 Rev. 04, November 28. [SRDB Ref ID: 

104815]

NIOSH [2012]. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) dose conversion factors. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. 

Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National 

Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. DCAS-RPT-004, December. [SRDB Ref ID: 126401]

ORAUT [2004]. Tritium calculated and missed dose estimates. Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge Associated 

Universities Team. ORAUT-OTIB-0011 Rev. 00, June 29. [SRDB Ref ID: 19430]

ORAUT [2005a]. Interpretation of dosimetry data for assignment of shallow dose. Oak Ridge, TN: Oak 

Ridge Associated Universities Team. ORAUT-OTIB-0017 Rev. 01, October 11. [SRDB Ref ID: 19434]

ORAUT [2005b]. Internal dose overestimates for facilities with air sampling programs. Oak Ridge, TN: 

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19436]

ORAUT [2015]. Fission and activation product assignment for internal dose-related gross beta and 

gross gamma analyses. Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge Associated Universities Team. ORAUT-OTIB0054 Rev. 04, August 27. [SRDB Ref ID: 146884]

ORAUT [2018]. Internal dose reconstruction. Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge Associated Universities 

Team. ORAUT-OTIB-0060 Rev. 02, April 20. [SRDB Ref ID: 171554]

ORAUT [2019a]. Internal dosimetry organ, external dosimetry organ, and IREP model selection by 

ICD-10 code. Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge Associated Universities Team. ORAUT-OTIB-0005 Rev. 06, 

September 27. [SRDB Ref ID: 178311]

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ORAUT [2020a]. IDOT user guide. Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge Associated Universities Team. 

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ORAUT [2020b]. Estimating doses for plutonium strongly retained in the lung. Oak Ridge, TN: Oak 

Ridge Associated Universities Team. ORAUT-OTIB-0049 Rev. 02, September 1. [SRDB Ref ID: 

178329]

ORAUT [2020c]. Calculation of dose from intakes of special tritium compounds. Oak Ridge, TN: Oak 

Ridge Associated Universities Team. ORAUT-OTIB-0066 Rev. 01, October 15. [SRDB Ref ID: 

183483]