UNPUBLISHED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

No. 17-1407

VALADOR, INC.,

Plaintiff – Appellant,

v.

HTC CORPORATION; VALVE CORPORATION; HTC AMERICA, INC.,

Defendants – Appellees,

and

HTC VIVE TECH (US) CORP.,

Defendant.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, at

Alexandria. T. S. Ellis, III, Senior District Judge. (1:16-cv-01162-TSE-JFA)

Argued: December 6, 2017 Decided: December 22, 2017

Before KING, SHEDD, and THACKER, Circuit Judges.

Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.

ARGUED: Douglas E. Kahle, WOLCOTT RIVERS & CATES, Virginia Beach, 

Virginia, for Appellant. Douglas Fred Stewart, BRACEWELL LLP, Seattle, Washington, 

for Appellees. ON BRIEF: Barry Dorans, WOLCOTT RIVERS & GATES, Virginia 

Beach, Virginia, for Appellant. David John Ball, BRACEWELL LLP, New York, New 
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York, for Appellees.

Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
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PER CURIAM:

Plaintiff Valador, Inc., appeals from the final judgment in this lawsuit that it 

pursued in the Eastern District of Virginia. In its complaint, Valador alleges that HTC 

Corporation, HTC America, Inc., and Valve Corporation (collectively, the “defendants”)

contravened the Lanham Act by infringing upon Valador’s federally registered trademark 

and service mark “VIVE,” see 15 U.S.C. § 1114(1)(a), and engaged in unfair competition 

through the marketing, advertising, and selling of a virtual reality headset called the 

“HTC Vive,” see id. § 1125(a). Additionally, Valador alleges that HTC Corporation’s

use of domain names containing the word VIVE constitutes unlawful cybersquatting in 

violation of the Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act. See id. § 1125(d). 

On March 3, 2017, the district court overruled Valador’s objection to the 

magistrate judge’s exclusion of evidence as a sanction for discovery violations under 

Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 37(b)(2)(A)(ii) and (c)(1). See Valador, Inc. v. HTC 

Corp., No. 1:16-cv-01162 (E.D. Va. Mar. 3, 2017), ECF No. 283 (the “Sanctions

Order”). Thereafter, on March 15, 2017, the court granted the defendants’ motion to 

exclude testimony of an expert for Valador under Rule 702 of the Federal Rules of 

Evidence and Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 509 U.S. 579 (1993). See

Valador, Inc. v. HTC Corp., No. 1:16-cv-01162 (E.D. Va. Mar. 15, 2017), ECF No. 290, 

published at 242 F. Supp. 3d 448 (the “Expert Order”). That same day, the court issued

its decision denying Valador’s motion for summary judgment and granting the 

defendants’ cross-motion for summary judgment on Valador’s claims of trademark 

infringement, unfair competition, and cybersquatting. See Valador, Inc. v. HTC Corp., 
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No. 1:16-cv-01162 (E.D. Va. Mar. 15, 2017), ECF No. 291, published at 241 F. Supp. 3d 

650 (the “Summary Judgment Decision”). The court also entered an order implementing 

the Summary Judgment Decision, which constitutes the final judgment. See Valador, 

Inc. v. HTC Corp., No. 1:16-cv-01162 (E.D. Va. Mar. 15, 2017), ECF No. 293 (the 

“Final Judgment”).

Valador timely noted this appeal from the Final Judgment. On appeal, Valador

challenges the Sanctions Order, the Expert Order, and the Summary Judgment Decision. 

We possess jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291.*

We review for abuse of discretion a district court’s exclusion of evidence as a 

sanction under Rule 37. See Anderson v. Found. for Advancement, 155 F.3d 500, 504 

(4th Cir. 1998). Similarly, we review a court’s decision to exclude expert testimony 

under Rule 702 for abuse of discretion. See Distaff, Inc. v. Springfield Contracting 

Corp., 984 F.2d 108, 111 (4th Cir. 1993). Finally, we review de novo a court’s award of 

summary judgment on trademark infringement, unfair competition, and cybersquatting 

claims. See Synergistic Int’l, LLC v. Korman, 470 F.3d 162, 170 (4th Cir. 2006) 

(trademark infringement and unfair competition); Virtual Works, Inc. v. Volkswagen of 

Am., Inc., 238 F.3d 264, 269 (4th Cir. 2001) (cybersquatting). 

 * The defendants contend that, because the notice of appeal identified only the 

Final Judgment implementing the Summary Judgment Decision, we lack jurisdiction to 

review the Sanctions Order and the Expert Order. It is elementary, however, that by 

appealing from the Final Judgment, Valador may raise appellate contentions concerning 

prior rulings and orders. 
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We have carefully assessed each of Valador’s appellate contentions. After 

considering the various submissions of the parties and with the benefit of oral argument, 

we are satisfied that the district court did not err in its Sanctions and Expert Orders. We 

also readily adopt the court’s carefully crafted and well-reasoned Summary Judgment 

Decision in favor of the defendants. We therefore reject each contention of error and 

affirm. 

AFFIRMED