FILED U.S. COURT OF AP P E A LS E LE V EN T HC IRC U IT APR 24, 2007 THOMAS K. KAH

N CLERK [ DO NO T P UB L I S H] I N THE UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS F O R T H E E L E V E N T H C IR C U IT

________________________ N o. 05- 16980 N on -A rgum entC al endar

________________________ D. C. Do c k e tNo . 9 9 - 0 0 6 2 0 - CR - DLG U N I T E D S T A T E S O F A M E R I C A , P la in tif f - A p p e lle e , v ersu s J A V I E R G A R Z A , D e f e n d a n t- A p p e lla n t.

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_________________________ ( A p r i l 24, 2007) B efo re A N D E R S O N , D U B IN A an d B A R K E T T , C i rcu i tJu d g es. P E R C U R I A M: A ppe l l a ntJ a vi e rG a r z a appe a l s hi s c onvi c t i on f orpos s e s s i on of

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a co n v i ct ed fel o n , i n v i o l at i o n o f 1 8 U . S . C . § 9 2 2 (g )(1 ). G arza w as i n d i ct ed b y a f e de r a l gr a nd j ury on A ugus t24, 1999. A f t e rhi s vol unt a ry s ur r e nde ron A pr i l 11, 2 0 0 5 , h e f

i l e d amo t i o n t o d i s mi s s th e i n d i c tme n tp u r s u a n tt o Fe d . R. Cr i m. P. 48 (b) a l l egi ng a vi ol at i on of hi s S i xth A m endm entri gh tt o a spee dy tri al . A ft eran e v id e n tia ry h e a r in g , a m a g is tr a te ju d g e r e c o m m e n d e d d e n y in g G a r z a ’s m o tio n to di sm i ss the i nd i ctm enton the grou nd s thatG ar zahad fai l ed t o sho w prej ud i ce st em m i ng fr om the del ay i n the prosecut i on of hi s c as e. T he di stri ctcourtadop t ed the m a gi s tr a t e j udge ’ s r e c om m e nda t i on a nd de ni e d G a r z a ’ s m ot i on t o di s m i s s the i ndi c tm e nt . A f

t e ra be nc h tr i a l w a s he l d on A ugus t10, 2005, G a r z a w a s f ound g u ilty o n th e s in g le c o u n t in d ic tm e n t. O n app ea l , G ar zaar gu es thatthe m ore than fi ve-a nd -one-hal f- ye ardel ay f r o m th e d a te o f

h is in d ic tm e n t to th e d a te o f h is tr ia l c o n s titu te d a v io la tio n o f h is s pe e dy tr i a l r i ght s . I n a na l y z i ng the f a c t or s s e tf

or th i n B arke rv . W

i ngo , 4 0 7 U . S. 5 1 4 , 5 3 0 , 9 2 S. Ct . 2 1 8 2 , 2 1 9 2 ( 1 9 7 2 ) , G a r z a f i r s ta s s e r t s th a tth e l e n g th o f t i me betw ee n the i nd i ctm entand h i s vol un t ary s urre nd eri s c l ea rl y s uffi ci entt o tri gg er further r evi ew of hi s c l ai m . S ec on d, G ar zam ai nt ai ns thatthe re as on for the del ay w a s a ttr ib u tab le to th e g o v e rn m e n t, a s it f a ile d to u tiliz e r e a s o n a b le e f f o r ts to lo c a te hi m i n a t i m el y f

as hi on . T o b ol st erthi s poi nt , G ar zaem ph as i ze s the fa ctthataf t er A T F agentH ow ar d G re ene’ s i ni t i al ph ys i ca l survei l l ance s of hi s f ather’ s r es i dence,3

the A T F agent s f

ai l ed t o m ake a ny further s urvei l l ance s or vi si t s t o thatre si dence for over fi ve ye ar s. T hi rd, G ar zam ai nt ai ns thathe w as no taw ar e thathe had b ee n i ndi c t e d unt i l A pr i l 2005, a nd he m a de a rr a nge m e nt s t o s ur r e nde rhi m s e l f t o the approp ri at e autho ri t i es w i thi n h ou rs af t erthe U . S . M ar shal vi si t ed hi s f ather in q u ir in g a b o u t h is w h e r e a b o u ts . L a s tly , G a r z a a r g u e s th a t h is c a s e is a n a lo g o u s to both D og

get t v. U ni t ed Stat es , 505 U . S . 647, 112 S . C t . 2686 ( 1992) , a nd U ni t ed Stat e s v . I

ngr am , 446 F . 3d 1332 ( 11th C i r . 2006) . S pe c i f i c a l l y , he a s s e r t s tha the s houl d notbe r e qui r e d t o s how pr e j udi c e be c a us e the f

i r s tthr e e f

a c t or s i n B arke r w e ig h h e a v ily a g a in s t th e g o v e rn m e n t. T he go vernm entconcedes thati n l i gh tof I ngr am , w h ic h w a s n o t a v a ilab le w hen t he di stri ctcourtrul ed, G ar za ’ s c as e s ho ul d b e r em anded t o the di stri ctcourt w i th i ns truc t i ons t o di s m i s s the i ndi c tm e nt . T he gove rnm e nta s s e r t s tha tthe ra t i on al e of I

ngr am c ontr ol s a nd r e qui r e s a l i ke r e s ul t . F ur the r , the gove rnm e nt ac k n o w led g es th at G ar za ’s ca se is stro n g erth an In g ra m ’s, as n o n e o f G ar za ’s c onduc tdur i ng the f

i ve - a nd- one - ha l f

- y e a rpos t - i ndi c tm e ntpe r i od i s i ndi c a t i ve of a n in te n t to e v a d e p r o s e c u tio n . T h e g o v e rn m e n t a ls o a c k n o w le d g e s th a t G a r z a is notr e qui r e d t o s how a c tua l pr e j udi c e be c a us e e a c h of

the f i r s tthr e e f

a c t or s of the B arke ra na l y s i s w e i ghs he a vi l y a ga i ns tthe gove rnm e nt . T he r e f or e , the g o v e rn m e n t c o n c e d e s th a t th e d is tr ic t c o u r t e rr e d b y d e n y in g G a r z a ’s m o tio n to4

d is m is s th e in d ic tm e n t b a s e d o n h is f a ilu r e to s h o w a c tu a l p r e ju d ic e . A cc ordi ng l y, because the fa ct s a nd ci rc um st ance s of I ngr am a r e c ontr ol l i ng i n thi s c a s e , a nd ba s e d on the gove rnm e nt ’ s c onf e s s i on of e rr or , w e va c a t e the j udgm e ntof

c onvi c t i on a nd r e m a nd thi s c a s e t o the di s tr i c tc our tw i th i ns truc t i ons to d is m is s th e in d ic tm e n t. V A C A T E D A N D R E M A N D E D .