# Patent

## Title
Supporting a driver of a motor vehicle in utilizing an automatic start-stop system

## Abstract

A method and a device for supporting a driver of a motor vehicle in utilizing an automatic engine start-stop system of the motor vehicle is provided. The method includes registering and storing, for at least one operating time of the motor vehicle and for each engine stop of a total number initiated by the automatic engine start-stop system in the operating time, at least the respective time durations where k=0, 1, 2, . . . P, where Pε[0, 1, 2, . . . ]. A first ratio value that is dependent on the operating time and the added time durations determined:




  
    
      
        
          W
          1
        
        =
        
          
            
              
                ∑
                
                  k
                  =
                  0
                
                
                  P
                  B
                
              
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              
                t
                
                  MS
                  ,
                  k
                
              
            
            
              t
              B
            
          
          .
        
      
    
    
      
        (
        1
        )
      
    
  




The first ratio value is output and/or an output which is dependent on the first ratio value is generated and output.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This disclosure claims priority to German Patent Application No. DE 10 2012 015 743.6, filed Aug. 9, 2012, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The technical field relates to a method and to a device for supporting a driver of a motor vehicle in utilizing an automatic start-stop system. The technical field furthermore relates to a motor vehicle with such a device.
BACKGROUND
The automatic engine start-stop system is an automatically operating system for reducing the fuel consumption of a motor vehicle in standing phases (for example at a traffic light stop). The automatic engine start-stop system carries out automatic engine stop when neutral is engaged and the clutch of the motor vehicle disengaged. When the clutch pedal is actuated again, the automatic engine start-stop system carries out an automatic engine start. The automatic engine start-stop system typically carries out the engine stop only under certain predetermined conditions: only when some temperature preconditions (engine, outside temperatures in a certain range for example between 3° C. and 30° C.) are maintained. Typically, the automatic system also does not work when for example the battery is severely discharged, when the inside temperature has not yet reached the value preselected by the air conditioner, adequate vacuum is no longer present in the brake booster or when the vehicle is in heating mode. The opening of the belt buckle or the engine hood or driver's door can also result in the automatic engine stop failing to materialize. When the engine is shut down, an automatic engine start is typically also carried out when the battery voltage is very low, no vacuum is available in the brake booster any longer or when one wishes to let the motor vehicle roll downhill. Further information regarding the automatic engine start-stop system can be taken from the prior art.
At least one object herein is to provide a method and device to make an optimized utilization of the automatic engine start-stop system possible for the driver. In addition, other objects, desirable features and characteristics will become apparent from the subsequent summary and detailed description, and the appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and this background.
SUMMARY
In an exemplary embodiment, a method for supporting a driver of a vehicle in utilizing an automatic engine start-stop system of the motor vehicle is provided. According to the method, wherein for at least one operating time tB of a motor vehicle, and for each engine stop of a total number P, where Pε[0, 1, 2, . . . ], initiated by the automatic engine start-stop system in the operating time tB, at least its time duration tMS,k where k=0, 1, 2, . . . P are registered and stored, a first ratio value W1, which is dependent on the operating time tB and the added time durations tMS,k, is determined:




  
    
      
        
          W
          1
        
        =
        
          
            
              ∑
              
                k
                =
                0
              
              P
            
            ⁢
            
              
            
            ⁢
            
              t
              
                MS
                ,
                k
              
            
          
          
            t
            B
          
        
      
    
    
      
        (
        1
        )
      
    
  




and the first ratio value W1 is output and/or an output which is dependent on the first ratio value W1 is generated and output.
It is assumed that, in the operating time tB under consideration, a total number P of engine stops has taken place. If in the operating time under consideration for example no engine stops have taken place, P=0, if 10 engine stops have taken place, P=10. Each completed k-th engine stop furthermore has an individual time duration tMS,k, which is calculated from the time difference between the point of time at which the k-th automatic engine start-stop system took place: t0,k and the point of time at which the k-th engine stop was terminated by an automatic engine start tMS,k. The corresponding data are each determined and stored in the motor vehicle, so that they can be made available for subsequent calculations depending on the choice of the operating time tB.
The actual benefit of the automatic engine start-stop system for energy saving in the operating time tB used as a base is thereby illustrated to the driver. If for example in an operating time of tB=1,000 seconds P=0 engine stops prompted by the automatic engine start-stop system each with a duration tMS,k=10 seconds took place for all k=0, 1, . . . , 9, W1:=0, 1 is obtained. Term “operating time” in this case is used synonymously for the terms “operating period of time” or “operating interval” and means the time/s or the accumulated times in which the motor vehicle was actually operated.
The operating time tB used as a base for determining the first ratio value W1 is preferably: the operating time of the motor vehicle for a current/past or a plurality of past trip/trips of the motor vehicle, wherein a current not yet completed trip starts with the start-up of the motor vehicle at the beginning of the trip and reaches as far as to the respective current point of time t. Alternatively, the operating time tB is the operating time of the motor vehicle in a predetermined past period of time (last week, past year, since the beginning of the initial registration of the motor vehicle). For each start-up of the motor vehicle in the past period of time, the operating time is assigned to the respective start up at the start and end of the vehicle operation, which is obtained for example from the electrical activation of the vehicle or the first manual activation of the ignition to the electrical deactivation of the vehicle or to the manual deactivation of the ignition. The operating time tB in the past period of time is then obtained from the accumulated operating times for vehicle operations in the past period of time. Further alternatively the operating time tB is the operating time of the motor vehicle for a predetermined distance already covered with the motor vehicle. Analogously, the operating times which were required for the given distance covered are added in this alternative. Obviously, further reference quantities for determining the operating time tB are possible and also included in the inventive idea.
In a further embodiment, the first ratio value W1 prior to its output is weighted with a factor or a function that depends on a driving profile or a mean driving profile during the operating time tB used as a base. This makes possible taking into account the driving profile dependency of the first ratio value W1. It is thus thereby considered that automatic engine stops above all take place in city traffic because of the many traffic lights and the high traffic density, while on trips with a high component of highway sections, substantially fewer automatic engine stops take place. With the weighting it can be achieved that the first ratio value or quantities derived from the ratio value produce comparable values that are largely independent of the driving profile. Here, the driving profile indicates for example on which type of road (city road, country road, highway etc.) the motor vehicle was proportionally travelling during the operating period of time tB, in particular a first ratio value standardized with respect to city roads or highways can thus be determined. The associated driving profile, for example, is determined and stored during the operating time of the motor vehicle.
In another embodiment, a second ratio value W2 is determined based on the first limit values tG1,k and periods of time tMS,k assigned to the P engine stops in an operating time tB:




  
    
      
        
          
            W
            2
          
          =
          
            
              A
              1
            
            P
          
        
        ,
      
    
    
      
        (
        2
        )
      
    
  




where

tG1,k: the respective first limit value tG1, A1 assigned to the k-th engine stop: number of engine stops in the operating time tB, for which an energy saving through the stopping of the engine compared with continued running of the engine was obtained, i.e. to which applies: tMS,k≧tG1,k, and P: total number of engine stops in the operating time tB, and the second ratio value W2 is output and/or an output which is dependent on the second ratio value W2 is generated and output. This output is to encourage the driver in particular to utilize the automatic engine start-stop system such that the second ratio value W2 is preferably “1” or near “1”. The second ratio value is “1” when for each automatic engine stop in the operating time tB under consideration the following applies: tMS,k≧tG1,k, which means that at every engine stop a fuel saving compared with a continued operation of the engine, occurred.
In yet another embodiment, based on the quantities: A1, P, tMS,k, tB and taking into account energy consumption data of the motor vehicle, an added energy consumption/energy saving based on the operating time tB, which is initiated by using the automatic engine start-stop system, is determined and output. In this method variant, the added energy consumption or the energy saving which occurred through the automatic engine stop is thus determined and output. An added energy consumption (compared with a continued operation of the engine, i.e. non-execution of the automatic engine stop) is always obtained when tMS,k<tG1,k is true. Typically, in order to express this energy into a unit which is familiar to the driver, the added energy consumption/the energy saving, for example, is converted into a fuel quantity and output.
Alternatively or additionally, a corresponding indication regarding the equivalent quantity (for example in liters or m3) of greenhouse gases (CO, CO2, NO, NO2, NOX, NOY, etc.) or an explicit climate effect (for example a radiation driving value) can be determined and output based on the determined fuel quantity.
Another embodiment relates to a current engine stop triggered by the automatic engine start-stop system. This method variant comprises the following steps: firstly, predetermining or determining a first limit value tG1, which indicates a time, which, after the engine of the motor vehicle was stopped by the automatic engine start-stop system, has to elapse until an energy saving through the stopping of the engine compared with a continued operation of the engine is obtained, secondly, determining the time Δt(t)=|t0−t| which has elapsed since an engine stop carried out by the automatic engine start-stop system, where t0: the point of time at which the engine stop is stopped by the automatic engine start-stop system, t: time, and thirdly, generating and outputting visually and/or haptically and/or acoustically perceptible information which is dependent on the first limit value tG1 and the time Δt(t), from which the driver can at least gather the time Δt(t) with effect from which the engine stop leads to the energy saving.
This method variant is based on the idea of additionally indicating to the driver the time with effect from which, dependent on the duration of a current engine stop caused by the automatic engine start-stop system, the engine stop is worthwhile, i.e. the time with effect from which (overall) energy saving for the motor vehicle actually materializes through the automatic engine stop. The indication of the information is to prompt the driver, if possible from the traffic point of view, to terminate the automatically executed engine stop only when at least the time tG1 has elapsed, for example by pressing the clutch. Obviously, the energy saving which is obtained through the engine stop is the greater the longer the engine remains in the auto stop mode beyond the time tG1, before it is restarted. This supports the driver in utilizing the automatic engine start-stop system such that the possible energy saving, i.e. the fuel saving is improved, which finally in addition to the operating costs of the vehicle, reduces the greenhouse gases emitted by the motor vehicle and thus reduces the environmental contamination or the climate effect.
The first limit value tG1 can be predetermined as a fixed value applicable to all engine stop operations. For example, such a constant value for tG1 can be determined in vehicle-specific test series. Preferably, the first limit value tG1 in this case is determined as a mean value, which takes into account different scenarios of the idle consumption at different ambient conditions and different current energy consumption scenarios (driving light on/off, stereo system on/off, ventilation on/off etc.) of the motor vehicle. Preferably, the first limit value tG1 in this case is predetermined as a motor vehicle or motor vehicle type-specific limit value. In an embodiment, the limit value tG1 has a value between 1 s and 10 s or 2 s and 8 s, or between 2 s and 5 s. Here, the expression “motor vehicle type-specific” describes a model of a motor vehicle, for example an OPEL Insignia 2.0 CDTI. The term “vehicle-specific” goes beyond that and characterizes the individual motor vehicle with its specific equipment, i.e. with its individual energy consumers.
In another embodiment, the first limit value tG1 in the motor vehicle is currently determined taking into account at least one consumption of fuel and electric energy applicable to a standing phase of the motor vehicle with running engine (at idle). In this variant, a first limit value tG1 which is dependent on the current energy consumption situation of the motor vehicle and the current fuel consumption at idle is determined. This currently determined first limit value is obviously more accurate than a constant first limit value tG1 which applies to all scenarios, but its determination requires the provision of the input quantities required for its determination, which, if applicable, are not available in small favorable vehicles. This variable first limit value tG1 is thus dependent on a current state vector whose state quantities are correspondingly predetermined.
Registering the time Δt(t)=|t0−t| that has elapsed since an engine stop was carried out by the automatic engine start-stop system, for example, is effected through a timer, which is triggered in each case when the automatic engine start-stop system has stopped the engine at the time t0, and registers and makes available the time that has elapsed since t0. Corresponding methods and devices are easily accessible to the person skilled in the art from the prior art.
For generating and outputting the visually and/or haptically and/or acoustically perceptible information dependent on the first limit value tG1 and the time Δt(t), with effect from which the driver can at least gather the time Δt(t) with effect from which the engine stop results in the energy saving, there are a multiplicity of possibilities. In one embodiment, a unit for outputting the information is present in the motor vehicle in which the (output) state changes at least when the time Δt(t) is greater or equal to the first limit value tG1: i.e. Δt(t)≧tG1 applies. In the simplest case, this unit is a visual display whose display state changes at Δt(t)≧tG1, for example the display is activated at t0 and initially illuminated red. At Δt(t)=tG1, the display switches from red to green. The driver in this case receives the information as the time with effect from which energy saving occurs through the automatic engine stop. The energy saving generated with the engine stop is obviously the greater the longer the engine stop persists beyond reaching the time tG1. In another embodiment, information dependent on the ratio: Δt(t)/tG1 is therefore generated and output for example for as long as the engine is in the stop mode. Thus, a bar moves, for example on a continuous color scale changing in color from red via orange, to yellow and green, which bar moves dependent on the ratio: Δt(t)/tG1 from the red scale region in the direction of the green scale region, wherein the green scale region is reached when Δt(t)=tG1 applies. Further display possibilities are easily accessible to the person skilled in the art.
In an embodiment, the output of the information ends as soon as the time Δt(t) exceeds a predetermined second limit value tG2 and/or as soon as the engine is restarted beforehand through the automatic engine start-stop system. In the latter case, the driver receives a corresponding display during the entire time in which the engine is in the stop mode.
The method according to an embodiment makes possible to the driver an improved/optimized utilization of the automatic engine start-stop system. Furthermore, it can encourage the driver to improve his behavior when operating the vehicle in connection with the utilization of the automatic engine start-stop system. Finally, the meaningfulness of this system is indicated to the driver upon appropriate utilization of the automatic engine start-stop system, in that for example the energy saved by doing so is directly output.
In accordance with another exemplary embodiment, a device for supporting a driver of a motor vehicle in the utilization of an automatic engine start-stop system of the motor vehicle is provided. The device includes at least one first means, with which at least one operating time tB of the motor vehicle, and for each engine stop of a total number P initiated by the automatic engine start-stop system in the operating time tB, at least its respective time durations tMS,k where k=0, 1, 2, . . . P are registered and stored, where Pε[0, 1, 2, . . . ], a second means with which a first ratio value W1 which is dependent on the operating time tB and the added time durations tMS,k is determined.




  
    
      
        
          W
          1
        
        =
        
          
            
              ∑
              
                k
                =
                0
              
              
                P
                B
              
            
            ⁢
            
              
            
            ⁢
            
              t
              
                MS
                ,
                k
              
            
          
          
            t
            B
          
        
      
    
    
      
        (
        1
        )
      
    
  




and

a third means, with which the first ratio value W1 is output and/or an output which is dependent on the first ratio value W1 is generated and output.
Advantages and further configurations of the device are obtained through analogue transfer of the explanations made in connection with the method described above. Furthermore, In an embodiment a motor vehicle with a device described above is provided.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The various embodiments will hereinafter be described in conjunction with the following drawing, wherein like numerals denote like elements, and wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a method according to an exemplary embodiment, and
FIG. 2 a schematic representation of a device according to an exemplary embodiment.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The following detailed description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the various embodiments or the application and uses thereof. Furthermore, there is no intention to be bound by any theory presented in the preceding background or the following detailed description.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method according to an exemplary embodiment for supporting a driver of a motor vehicle in utilizing an automatic engine start-stop system of the motor vehicle. The method comprises the following steps. In a first step 101, at least one operating time tB of the motor vehicle and for each engine stop of a total number P initiated by the automatic engine start-stop system in the operating time tB, at least its respective time durations tMS,k, where k=0, 1, 2, . . . P are registered and stored, where Pε[0, 1, 2, . . . ]. In a second step 102, a first ratio value W1 which is dependent on the operating time tB and the added time duration tMS,k is determined:




  
    
      
        
          W
          1
        
        =
        
          
            
              ∑
              
                k
                =
                0
              
              
                P
                B
              
            
            ⁢
            
              
            
            ⁢
            
              t
              
                MS
                ,
                k
              
            
          
          
            t
            B
          
        
      
    
    
      
        (
        1
        )
      
    
  




In a third step 103, the first ratio value W1 is output and/or an output which is dependent on the first ratio value W1 is generated and output.
FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the device according to an embodiment for supporting a driver of a motor vehicle in utilizing an automatic engine start-stop system of the motor vehicle. The device comprises at least one first means 201, with which at least one operating time tB of the motor vehicle, and for each engine stop of a total number P initiated by the automatic engine start-stop system in the operating time tB, at least its respective time durations tMS,k where k=0, 1, 2, . . . P are registered and stored, where Pε[0, 1, 2, . . . ], a second means 202, with which a first ratio value W1 which is dependent on the operating time tB and the added time durations tMS,k is determined:




  
    
      
        
          
            W
            1
          
          =
          
            
              
                ∑
                
                  k
                  =
                  0
                
                
                  P
                  B
                
              
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              
                t
                
                  MS
                  ,
                  k
                
              
            
            
              t
              B
            
          
        
        ,
      
    
    
      
        (
        2
        )
      
    
  




and

a third means 203, with which the first ratio value W1 is output and/or an output which is dependent on the first ratio value W1 is generated and output.
While at least one exemplary embodiment has been presented in the foregoing detailed description, it should be appreciated that a vast number of variations exist. It should also be appreciated that the exemplary embodiment or exemplary embodiments are only examples, and are not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the invention in any way. Rather, the foregoing detailed description will provide those skilled in the art with a convenient road map for implementing an exemplary embodiment, it being understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements described in an exemplary embodiment without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims and their legal equivalents.

## Claims

1. A method for supporting a driver of a motor vehicle in utilizing an automatic engine start-stop system of the motor vehicle, the method comprises the steps of:
registering and storing, for at least one operating time tB of the motor vehicle and for each engine stop of a total number P initiated by the automatic engine start-stop system in the operating time tB, at least the respective time durations tMS,k where k=0, 1, 2, . . . P, where Pε[0, 1, 2, . . . ],
determining a first ratio value W1 that is dependent on the operating time tB and the added time durations tMS,k:





  
    
      
        
          
            W
            1
          
          =
          
            
              
                ∑
                
                  k
                  =
                  0
                
                
                  P
                  B
                
              
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              
                t
                
                  MS
                  ,
                  k
                
              
            
            
              t
              B
            
          
        
        ;
      
    
    
      
        (
        1
        )
      
    
  




and
outputting the first ratio value W1 and/or generating and outputting an output which is dependent on the first ratio value W1.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the operating time tB used as a base for determining the first ratio value W1:
is an operating time of the motor vehicle for a current/past or a plurality of past trip/s of the vehicle, or
is an operating time of the vehicle in a predetermined past period of time, or
is an operating time of the vehicle for a predetermined distance already covered with the motor vehicle.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first ratio value W1 prior to its output is weighted with a factor or a function, which is assigned to a driving profile during the operating time tB.

4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
predetermining or determining, for each k-th engine stop, a first limit value tG1,k, which indicates a time which, after the engine of the vehicle has been stopped through the automatic engine start-stop system, has to elapse until an energy saving through the stopping of the engine compared with a continued operation of the engine is obtained,
determining, based on the first limit values tG1,k assigned to the P engine stops and time durations tMS,k, a second ratio value W2:





  
    
      
        
          
            W
            2
          
          =
          
            
              A
              1
            
            P
          
        
        ,
      
    
    
      
        (
        2
        )
      
    
  




wherein
tG1,k: a first limit value in each case assigned to the k-th engine stop;
A1: number of the engine stops in the operating time tB for which an energy saving through the stopping of the engine was obtained compared with a continued operation of the engine, i.e. for which: tMS,k≧tG1,k applies,
P: total number of engine stops in the operating time tB; and
outputting the second ratio value W2 and/or generating and outputting an output dependent on the second ratio value W2.

5. The method according to claim 4, further comprising, based on the quantities: A1, P, tMS,k, tG1,k, tB and energy consumption data of the motor vehicle, determining and outputting an added energy consumption/energy saving based on the operating time tB, which is/are caused through the utilization of the automatic engine start-stop system.

6. The method according to claim 5, further comprising converting the added energy consumption/the energy saving into a fuel quantity and output the fuel quantity.

7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
predetermining or determining a first limit value tG1 that indicates a time, which, after the engine of the motor vehicle has been stopped through the automatic engine start-stop system, has to elapse until an energy saving through the stopping of the engine compared with a continued operation of the engine is obtained,
registering the time Δt(t)=|t0−t| currently read out through the automatic engine start-stop system, wherein
t0: a point of time at which the engine is stopped through the automatic engine start-stop system,
t: a time,
generating and outputting a visually and/or haptically and/or acoustically perceptible information dependent on the first limit value tG1 and the time Δt(t), from which the driver can gather the time Δt(t) with effect from which the engine stop leads to the energy saving.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the first limit value tG1 in the motor vehicle is currently determined taking into account at least one consumption of fuel and electric energy applicable to a standing phase of the motor vehicle with the engine running.

9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the first limit value tG1 is predetermined as a vehicle-specific limit value, and has a value between 1s and 10s, or 2s and 8s, or between 2s and 5s.

10. The method according to claim 6, wherein a state of a unit for outputting the information that is present in the motor vehicle changes at least in the time that Δt(t) is greater or equal to the first limit value tG1: i.e., Δt(t)≧tG1 applies.

11. The method according to claim 6, wherein the output of the information ends as soon as the time Δt(t) exceeds a predetermined second limit value tG2 or as soon as the engine is started by the automatic engine start-stop system.

12. A device for supporting a driver of a vehicle in utilizing an automatic engine start-stop system of the vehicle, the device comprising:
a first means for registering and storing at least one operating time tB of the vehicle and for each k-th of a total number P of engine stops initiated by the automatic engine start-stop system in the operating time tB at least their time duration tMS,k where k=0, 1, 2, . . . P, where Pε[0, 1, 2, . . . ],
a second means for determining a first ratio value W1, which is dependent on the operating time tB and the added time durations tMS,k:





  
    
      
        
          
            W
            1
          
          =
          
            
              
                ∑
                
                  k
                  =
                  0
                
                
                  P
                  B
                
              
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              
                t
                
                  MS
                  ,
                  k
                
              
            
            
              t
              B
            
          
        
        ,
      
    
    
      
        (
        3
        )
      
    
  




and
a third means for outputting the first ratio value W1 and/or generating and outputting an output which is dependent on the first ratio value W1.

13. The device according to claim 12, further comprising:
a fourth means for making available or determining beforehand a first limit value tG1 that indicates a time which, after the engine of the vehicle has been stopped through the automatic engine start-stop system, must elapse until an energy saving through the stopping of the engine compared with a continued operation of the engine is obtained;
a fifth means for registering elapsed time Δt(t)=|t0−t| of the engine stop carried out by the automatic engine start-stop system, wherein:
t0: a point of time at which the engine is stopped through the automatic engine start-stop system,
t: a time,

and
a sixth means for generating and outputting visually and/or haptically and/or acoustically perceptible information that is dependent on the first limit value tG1 and the time Δt(t), from which the driver can gather the time Δt(t) with effect from which the engine stop leads to the energy saving.

14. A motor vehicle with a device
for supporting a driver of a vehicle in utilizing an automatic engine start-stop system of the vehicle, the device comprising:
a first means for registering and storing at least one operating time tB of the vehicle and for each k-th of a total number P of engine stops initiated by the automatic engine start-stop system in the operating time tB at least their time duration tMS,k where k=0, 1, 2, . . . P, where Pε[0, 1, 2, . . . ],
a second means for determining a first ratio value W1, which is dependent on the operating time tB and the added time durations tMS,k:






  
    
      
        
          
            W
            1
          
          =
          
            
              
                ∑
                
                  k
                  =
                  0
                
                
                  P
                  B
                
              
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              
                t
                
                  MS
                  ,
                  k
                
              
            
            
              t
              B
            
          
        
        ,
      
    
    
      
        (
        3
        )
      
    
  




and
a third means for outputting the first ratio value W1 and/or generating and outputting an output which is dependent on the first ratio value W1.