UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS 

FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT 

 

GLACIER CONSTRUCTION 

COMPANY, a Colorado corporation, 

 Plaintiff-Appellant/ 

 Cross-Appellee, 

v. 

TRAVELERS PROPERTY CASUALTY 

COMPANY OF AMERICA, a 

Connecticut corporation, 

 Defendant-Appellee/ 

 Cross-Appellant. 

Nos. 12-1503 & 12-1514 

(D.C. No. 1:10-CV-01911-RPM) 

(D. Colo.)

 

ORDER AND JUDGMENT*

 

Before PHILLIPS, McKAY, and ANDERSON, Circuit Judge. 

 

 

* After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined 

unanimously to grant the parties’ request for a decision on the briefs without oral 

argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(f); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore 

ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is not binding 

precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral 

estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent with 

Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1. 

FILED 

United States Court of Appeals 

Tenth Circuit 

June 20, 2014

Elisabeth A. Shumaker 

Clerk of Court
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 Glacier Construction Co. (Glacier) appeals the district court’s order on 

summary judgment limiting its recovery under a builder’s risk insurance policy 

(Policy) issued by Travelers Property Casualty Co. (Travelers). Glacier also appeals 

the grant of summary judgment in favor of Travelers on its claim for bad-faith denial 

of insurance coverage, as well as the court’s jury instruction on the nature and scope 

of damages recoverable under the Policy. Travelers has filed a cross appeal asserting 

that none of Glacier’s claimed damages were covered by the Policy.1

 We exercise 

jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and affirm. 

 I. BACKGROUND

 In early 2009, Glacier contracted with the City of Aurora, Colorado, to 

construct a new wastewater pumping facility. Before construction could begin, 

excess water had to be removed from the site by a process called “dewatering.” 

To accomplish the necessary dewatering, Glacier installed four submersible wells and 

pumps (referred to herein as the original wells/pumps), which performed as designed 

and expected until May and June 2009, when above-average rainfall caused them to 

fail. Soil got into the original wells/pumps due to the type of soil and the amount of 

 

1

 Glacier originally filed suit in Colorado state court. Travelers removed the 

case to federal court, invoking diversity jurisdiction. See 28 U.S.C. §§ 1332, 

1441(b), 1446. 
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erosion and sediment. As a result, Glacier developed a second dewatering plan that 

included replacement wells/pumps, and added shoring, engineering tie-backs, and a 

well-point system. Glacier made a claim on the Policy for the additional costs it 

incurred to dewater the site, which Travelers denied. 

 The relevant Policy terms provided coverage for “direct physical loss of or 

damage to Covered Property from any of the Covered Causes of Loss.” Aplt. App. 

Vol. 1 at 50. “Covered Causes of Loss” were defined as “RISKS OF DIRECT 

PHYSICAL LOSS OR DAMAGE.” Id. “Covered Property” was defined as 

“Builders’ Risk,” id., which was, in turn, defined as: 

a. Buildings or structures including temporary structures while being 

constructed, erected, or fabricated at the “job site,” 

b. Property that will become part of a permanent part of the buildings 

or structures at the “job site:” 

(1) While in transit to the “job site” or at a temporary storage 

location; 

(2) While at the “job site” or at a temporary storage location; 

“Builders’ Risk” does not include: 

a. Contraband, or property in the course of illegal transit or trade; 

b. Buildings or structures that existed at the “job site” prior to the 

inception of this policy; 

c. Land (including land on which the property is located) or water. 
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Id. at 61-62. 

 
- 5 - 

 The Policy also provided coverage for “‘Builders’ Risk’ Site Preparation” as 

follows: 

If: 

(1) The cost of excavation, site preparation, land grading and similar work is 

included in the “Basic Limit of Insurance” for the “job site” shown in the 

Declarations; and 

(2) You incur expenses to reexcavate the site, reprepare the site, regrade the 

land, or reperform similar work because of loss of or damage to Covered 

Property by a Covered Cause of Loss, 

you may extend the applicable Limit of Insurance for that “job site” to 

pay for such expense. 

Id. at 51. 

 Glacier filed suit to recover from Travelers all of the costs for the second 

dewatering plan. The parties eventually filed cross-motions for summary judgment. 

Travelers argued that the Policy did not cover any of the expenses Glacier incurred 

due to the failure of the original wells/pumps. The district court rejected that 

argument, however, and ruled that the Policy covered the “cost of repairing and 

reworking [the original] four wells and pumps. [Glacier’s] claim is limited to those 

costs.” Id. Vol. 2 at 279. Based on that ruling, Travelers asserted that the covered 

costs totaled $9,142.25, while Glacier claimed that its covered costs were 

$473,884.31. 
- 6 - 

 In a separate order, the district court granted summary judgment to Travelers 

on Glacier’s claim that Travelers denied coverage in bad faith. The case proceeded 

to a jury trial to determine the amount of the covered costs. The jury returned a 

verdict in Glacier’s favor in the amount of $9,142.25 plus post-judgment interest and 

costs. 

 On appeal, Glacier challenges (1) the district court’s ruling limiting its 

damages to the cost of repairing and reworking the original wells/pumps, (2) a jury 

instruction it claims improperly limited the amount of damages, and (3) the summary 

judgment in Travelers’ favor on its claim for bad-faith denial of insurance coverage. 

Travelers cross appeals, arguing that the district court erred in ruling that any of 

Glacier’s costs were covered by the Policy or, in the alternative, that Glacier’s 

recovery is limited to the jury award of $9,142.25. 

 II. LEGAL STANDARDS 

 “We review the district court’s grant of summary judgment de novo, applying 

the same legal standard used by the district court. We also review the district court’s 

interpretation of the insurance policies de novo.” Old Republic Ins. Co. v. Durango 

Air Serv., Inc., 283 F.3d 1222, 1225 (10th Cir. 2002) (citation omitted). Colorado 

law applies to this dispute because “Colorado has the most significant relationship to 
- 7 - 

the insuring transaction and to the parties.” Id. at 1226 n.6. Further, both parties 

agree that Colorado law applies. See id. 

 “Builder’s risk policies typically indemnify a contractor against the loss of, or 

damage to, a building the contractor is constructing.” Copper Mountain, Inc. v. 

Indus. Sys., Inc., 208 P.3d 692, 694 n.7 (Colo. 2009) (en banc). “Under Colorado 

law, in the absence of an ambiguity, an insurance contract must be given effect 

according to the ordinary and accepted sense of the terms contained therein.” Old 

Republic Ins. Co., 283 F.3d at 1226 (citing In re Estate of Daigle, 634 P.2d 71, 79 

(Colo. 1981) (en banc)).2

 If the insured shows that the loss is covered by the policy, 

“the insurance carrier has the burden of proving that the proximate cause of the loss 

was excluded by the policy language.” Leprino Foods Co. v. Factory Mut. Ins. Co., 

453 F.3d 1281, 1287 (10th Cir. 2006) (internal quotation marks omitted) (construing 

an all-risk policy; applying Colorado law). The insurance carrier has the burden “to 

establish the applicability of an exclusion from coverage. Any exclusion must be 

clear and specific to be enforceable.” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted). 

 III. POLICY COVERAGE 

 

2

 In this case neither party claims the Policy is ambiguous. 
- 8 - 

 We first address the cross appeal, wherein Travelers argues that none of the 

costs incurred by Glacier following the failure of the original wells/pumps was 

covered by the Policy. Travelers relies on the policy language quoted above 

providing coverage for “direct physical loss of or damage to Covered Property from 

any of the Covered Causes of Loss.” Aplt. App. Vol. 1 at 50. Travelers contends 

that the district court erred in concluding that the original wells/pumps were Covered 

Property, that they sustained physical damage, and that the damage was from a 

Covered Cause of Loss. 

“Covered Property” refers to “[b]uildings or structures including temporary 

structures while being constructed, erected, or fabricated at the ‘job site,’ [and] 

“[p]roperty that will become a permanent part of the buildings or structures at the 

‘job site.’” Id. at 61. Travelers maintains that the original wells/pumps were not 

“structures” and did not become a permanent part of the wastewater facility; rather, 

they were removed after dewatering was complete. But the Policy covered 

“temporary structures.” Id. Moreover, the original wells/pumps did not fall within 

the Policy exclusions. Consequently, we agree with the district court that the original 

wells/pumps “were temporary structures constituting covered property.” Id. Vol. 2 

at 279. 
- 9 - 

 Travelers next asserts that the original wells/pumps did not sustain physical 

damage from a covered cause of loss. According to Travelers, to be covered the loss 

had to be caused by a “casualty, catastrophe, or disaster,” Aplee. Principal Br. at 44, 

although Travelers does not point to a Policy clause requiring this. Travelers 

contends that the rainfall did not qualify because for the period May through August 

the rains were only 10% above average. But Glacier presented evidence that the 

damage was caused by above-average rain that fell in surges, so averaging the 

rainfall over a several-month period was not relevant. We conclude that heavy rains 

were within the Policy coverage. An “occurrence sufficient to trigger coverage . . . 

need not be sudden, but must be a specific accident or happening . . . . A long term 

exposure to a harmful condition that results in damage or injury may be an 

occurrence.” Hoang v. Assurance Co. of Am., 149 P.3d 798, 802 (Colo. 2007) 

(en banc) (citation omitted) (construing an “occurrence” policy). 

 Travelers next argues that the discovery of site conditions different from those 

planned for (more groundwater and different soils) was not covered because it was 

not a catastrophic event that caused physical loss or damage. Travelers claims that 

the original dewatering plan should have taken these conditions into account and that 

the discovery of the different conditions was not a covered cause of loss. But the 

evidence showed that it was the surging rain that caused the soil to erode and get into 
- 10 - 

the original wells/pumps, causing them to fail. As stated above, the heavy rains were 

within the Policy coverage. 

 Travelers further argues that the original wells/pumps did not require repair

due to a covered event, but rather, they required only maintenance due to normal 

wear and tear, an expense not covered by the Policy. But the witnesses, including 

Travelers’ expert witness, discussed the necessary repairs to the original 

wells/pumps caused by the surging rains and eroding soil. See, e.g., Aplt. App. 

Vol. 4 at 696-97. Thus, we reject this argument. 

 Lastly, Travelers asserts that the damage to the original wells/pumps was 

caused by the faulty or negligent soils report. Glacier stated that part of the need for 

repairs to the original wells/pumps was caused by the discovery of soils different 

from those identified in the soils report. Therefore, Travelers argues that the soils 

report, not the rains or other events, was responsible for the damage. Travelers 

invokes a Policy exclusion for loss or damage caused by “[o]mission in, or faulty, 

inadequate or defective . . . [p]lanning, zoning, development, surveying, siting, 

design or specifications.” Aplt. App. Vol. 1 at 56-57. But Travelers’ mere 

assumption that the soils report was faulty or negligent, without evidence to support 

this assumption, is insufficient to carry its burden to establish the applicability of the 

exclusion from coverage. See Leprino Foods Co., 453 F.3d at 1287. 
- 11 - 

 IV. SCOPE OF COVERAGE

 Having determined that the Policy covered the damage to the original 

wells/pumps, we address Glacier’s claim that the district court improperly limited the 

scope of its recovery. Glacier relies on the Site Preparation clause, which it contends 

covered its costs to design a new dewatering plan and to install a shoring system, 

engineering tie-backs, and a well-point system. 

 The relevant Policy clause covered costs necessary to re-excavate the site, 

re-prepare the site, re-grade the land, or re-perform similar work. The ordinary and 

accepted sense of the Policy terms limited coverage to correction of work previously 

done. It did not cover the expense of a new dewatering design and the costs to 

implement that design. Construing the Policy as Glacier advocates would encourage 

a builder to economize on an initial dewatering plan and later require the insurer to 

pay for a more elaborate plan. This would misallocate the construction expense 

between the construction company and the insurer. Cf. MarkWest Hydrocarbon, Inc. 

v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co., 558 F.3d 1184, 1192 (10th Cir. 2009) (holding insurance 

all-risk policy did not cover routine maintenance of covered property because doing 

so would shift ordinary cost of doing business from insured to insurer). Therefore, 

we hold as a matter of law that the Policy coverage was limited to the repair and 

reworking of the original wells/pumps, as determined by the district court. 
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 V. JURY INSTRUCTIONS

 Glacier’s next issue on appeal is closely related to the first. Glacier challenges 

a jury instruction it claims improperly limited the amount of damages. 

We review de novo whether a district court’s jury instructions 

correctly stated the governing law. We review the district court’s 

decision about whether to give a particular instruction for abuse of 

discretion. Under federal law, a party is entitled to an instruction on his 

theory of the case if it is supported by competent evidence. In making 

this determination, we review the evidence in the light most favorable to 

the verdict. 

Pratt v. Petelin, 733 F.3d 1006, 1009 (10th Cir. 2013) (citations and internal 

quotation marks omitted). 

 
- 13 - 

 The jury instruction at issue is as follows: 

The four dewatering wells and submersible pumps installed by 

Glacier in May 2009 were temporary structures that constitute property 

covered by the Travelers insurance policy. Damage to these structures 

from the intrusion of water and soil or sand is a covered loss. 

Accordingly, Travelers must pay for the cost of repairing and reworking 

those four wells and pumps. What is in dispute in this case is whether 

the plaintiff is seeking to recover costs that go beyond what was 

necessary for such repair and reworking of those structures. Travelers 

did not insure for the cost of achieving an effective dewatering system. 

Aplt. App. Vol. 5 at 823-24 (emphasis added). Glacier objected to the emphasized 

language on the ground that it directed the jury to adopt Travelers’ theory of the case, 

which was that most of the costs Glacier sought were not incurred to repair and 

rework the original wells/pumps, but instead were above and beyond the necessary 

repairs and thus were not recoverable. 

 Glacier argues that the challenged instruction improperly limited the scope of 

covered costs and “effectively precluded the jury from considering costs covered 

under the ‘Builder’s Risk’ Site Preparation portion of the Policy,” Aplt. Reply Br. 

at 46.3

 Glacier proposed language instructing the jury to determine what was 

 

3

 Travelers asserts that Glacier did not base its objection to the proposed 

instruction on the Policy language of the Site Preparation clause, and thereby waived 

the argument. But Glacier challenged the proposed instruction on the ground that it 

did not instruct the jury to consider all of the necessary repair costs. We conclude 

that this objection sufficiently preserved the issue. 
- 14 - 

necessary to repair and rework the original wells/pumps. In addition, Glacier 

requested an instruction that the jury should award the costs it incurred to repair 

nondefective work that was necessary for the repair and reworking of the original 

wells/pumps. For this argument, Glacier relies on Colorado Pool Systems, Inc. v. 

Scottsdale Insurance Co., 317 P.3d 1262 (Colo. App. 2012), cert. granted, 

No. 12SC1000, 2013 WL 4714283 (Colo. Sept. 3, 2013). There, the dispute was 

whether the commercial general liability policy covered repairs to nondefective 

property that was damaged during the correction of “the builder’s own faulty 

workmanship.” Id. at 1266, 1271. The Colorado Court of Appeals held that the cost 

of repairing and replacing the insured’s defective work was not covered, but the cost 

of repairing damage to nondefective work that occurred in the course of repairing the 

defective work was covered. Id. at 1271. 

The district court rejected Glacier’s proffered instructions for two reasons: 

first, the instructions did not comport with the interpretation of the Policy previously 

determined by the court; and second, Glacier produced no evidence of damage to 

other work. Aplt. App. Vol. 2 at 373. Glacier argues that its evidence of damage to 

other work was testimony that obtaining the second dewatering plan, re-casing and 

excavating around the original wells/pumps, installing additional pumps, and 

installing the well-point system were necessary to reach and repair the original 
- 15 - 

wells/pumps. See Aplt. Reply Br. at 45-46. Consequently, Glacier contends that 

under Colorado Pool Systems it was entitled to have the jury instructed that the costs 

of obtaining the second dewatering plan, the additional excavating, and the 

installation of additional equipment were covered expenses. 

Glacier’s reliance on Colorado Pool Systems is misplaced primarily because 

the relevant policy language at issue in that case, which involved a commercial 

general liability policy, is not similar to the builder’s risk policy language at issue 

here. See Colo. Pool Systems, 317 P.3d at 1268. Moreover, in contrast to Colorado 

Pool Systems, Glacier does not assert that any property was damaged by “the 

builder’s own faulty workmanship,” see id. at 1266, or that the original wells/pumps 

were damaged during the repair of faulty work, see id. at 1271. Therefore, we find 

no abuse of discretion in the district court’s decision not to give Glacier’s requested 

Colorado Pool Systems instruction. Furthermore, given our holding above that the 

scope of the Policy coverage was limited to repairing and reworking the original 

wells/pumps, we conclude that the district court did not abuse its discretion in 

instructing the jury as it did. 

 VI. BAD-FAITH DENIAL OF COVERAGE

 Finally, we address Glacier’s claim that Travelers denied its claim for Policy 

coverage in bad faith. Glacier avers that Travelers is liable under both Colorado 
- 16 - 

common law and Colorado statutes. It argues that Travelers’ bad faith extended to 

(1) its delay in making the initial claims decision, (2) its failure to request 

information or clarification from Glacier during its investigation, (3) its decision not 

to entertain Glacier’s request to reconsider the claim denial, and (4) its refusal to pay 

the claim even after the district court ruled that the original wells/pumps were 

covered property. 

As set forth above, we review de novo the district court’s entry of summary 

judgment in Travelers’ favor. Under Colorado common law, all insurance contracts 

“contain[] an implied duty of good faith and fair dealing.” Goodson v. Am. Standard 

Ins. Co. of Wis., 89 P.3d 409, 414 (Colo. 2004) (en banc). “[A] separate action in tort 

[arises] when the insurer breaches its duty of good faith and fair dealing.” Am. 

Family Mut. Ins. Co. v. Allen, 102 P.3d 333, 342 (Colo. 2004) (en banc). In a 

first-party insurance contract such as this one, to establish a bad-faith claim, the 

insured “must prov[e] that the insurer acted unreasonably under the circumstances 

[and] that the insurer either knowingly or recklessly disregarded the validity of the 

insured’s claim.” Goodson, 89 P.3d at 415. The insurer’s conduct is evaluated 

objectively to determine whether a “reasonable person would find that the insurer’s 

justification for denying or delaying payment of a claim was ‘fairly debatable’ (i.e., if 

reasonable minds could disagree as to the coverage-determining facts or law).” 
- 17 - 

Sanderson v. Am. Family Mut. Ins. Co., 251 P.3d 1213, 1217 (Colo. App. 2010). 

Moreover, “resort to a judicial forum does not necessarily evince bad faith or unfair 

dealing, regardless of the outcome of the proceeding.” Id. Even a mistaken belief 

about whether a claim is compensable can “be within the scope of permissible 

challenge.” Id. 

Glacier’s statutory claim is based on Colo. Rev. Stat. §§ 10-3-1115 & 

10-3-1116, which provide for a cause of action against an insurer that has 

unreasonably delayed or denied a claim. Such a civil action “is in addition to, and 

does not limit or affect, other actions available by statute or common law.” Vaccaro 

v. Am Family Ins. Grp., 275 P.3d 750, 756 (Colo. App. 2012) (internal quotation 

marks omitted). A “statutory claim requires only that a first-party claim be denied 

without a reasonable basis. Thus, the standard contained in § 1115 arguably is less 

onerous on the insured, and the remedies contained in § 1116 are more financially 

threatening to the insurer than a traditional common law bad faith claim.” Id.

(brackets and internal quotation marks omitted). In a statutory claim, “the only 

element at issue . . . is whether an insurer denied benefits without a reasonable 
- 18 - 

basis.” Id. at 760. And as with a common law claim, “it is reasonable for an insurer 

to challenge claims that are ‘fairly debatable.’” Id. at 759.4

Glacier correctly points out that a “fairly debatable” showing, standing alone, 

is insufficient to support summary judgment for the insurer under both the statutes 

and the common law. See id. at 759-60 (statutory claim); Sanderson, 251 P.3d at 

1217-18 (common law claim). This does not, however, preclude summary judgment 

where “there are no genuine issues of material fact [and] reasonableness may be 

decided as a matter of law.” Schuessler v. Wolter, 310 P.3d 151, 162 (Colo. App. 

2012) (internal quotation marks omitted). 

 The chronology of relevant events is as follows: 

 July 30, 2009 Glacier tendered its claim to Travelers 

 Aug. 26, 2009 Travelers apprised Glacier that photos of the job site 

 would be taken and requested additional information 

 from Glacier 

 

4

 Glacier also invokes Colorado Division of Insurance Regulation 5-1-14, which 

states that the insurer’s decision should be made within sixty days after receipt of the 

claim, “unless there is a reasonable dispute between the parties concerning such 

claim.” Colo. Div. of Ins. Reg. § 5-1-14(4)(A)(1)(a); see also id.

§ 5-1-14(4)(A)(2)(b) (identifying relevant reasonable disputes as “[c]overage under 

the policy for the loss claimed has not been determined; . . . [i]ndicators are present 

in the application or submission of the claim and additional investigation is 

necessary; [or] [l]itigation is commenced on the claim”). The regulation directs the 

insurer to act reasonably; therefore, our discussion and conclusions on Glacier’s 

statutory and common law claims also apply to the regulation. 
- 19 - 

 Sept. 16, 2009 Glacier sent Travelers a summary of damages 

 Oct. 14, 2009 Travelers informed Glacier that it was investigating 

 the claim and had assigned a claim adjuster 

 Oct. 22, 2009 The claim adjuster met with Glacier personnel 

 at the job site and requested further documents, 

 which were provided forthwith 

 Nov. 3, 2009 Glacier sent additional information to Travelers 

 Dec. 2, 2009 Travelers denied the claim 

 Feb. 16, 2010 Glacier’s attorneys requested reconsideration 

 Mar. 24, 2010 Travelers reiterated its denial of the claim 

 July 15, 2010 Glacier filed suit against Travelers 

 Sept. 22, 2011 District court ruled that the Policy covered the 

 costs of repairing and reworking the original 

 wells/pumps 

 Oct. 2011 Travelers hired an expert to evaluate Glacier’s 

 expenses that fell within the district court’s order 

 Mar. 14, 2012 Travelers’ expert prepared an interim report 

 Apr. 30, 2012 Travelers informed Glacier that it was continuing 

 to investigate the claim and requested cost backup 

 documents 

 May 3, 2012 Glacier provided the cost backup documents 

 July 26, 2012 Travelers’ expert issued his final cost analysis 
- 20 - 

 Aug. 15, 2012 Travelers’ proffered to Glacier its coverage 

 determination of $9,142.25 

 Glacier argues that Travelers’ bad faith was demonstrated by the four-month 

interval between Glacier’s claim submission and Travelers’ decision to deny the 

claim. Glacier asserts that Travelers’ claim-processing conduct was unreasonable 

because Travelers did not request additional information or request to inspect the job 

site between the claim filing on July 30, 2009, and the claim denial on December 2, 

2009. Aplt. Opening Br. at 29. This assertion is belied by the record, which includes 

an email from Travelers to Glacier dated August 26, 2009, seeking to arrange an 

inspection of the job site and requesting additional information. Aplt. App. Vol. 1 

at 46 (attachment to the parties’ “Stipulated Facts”). In addition, the record reflects 

that on October 22, 2009, the claim adjuster met with Glacier personnel at the job site 

and requested further documents. Id. Vol. 2 at 304-05, 329-30.5

 Following its 

receipt of additional documents in early November 2009, Travelers made the claim 

decision on December 2, 2009. Based on the undisputed facts, summary judgment 

was appropriate because no reasonable jury could have found that Travelers 

 

5

 We recognize Glacier’s argument that Glacier, not Travelers, initiated some of 

the claim-processing communications, which Glacier contends demonstrates 

Travelers’ failure to process the claim in a timely fashion. But Glacier cites no 

authority for its position that the insurance company must request information before 

the insured provides it or risk a finding of bad faith. We decline to adopt such a rule. 
- 21 - 

unreasonably delayed or denied processing Glacier’s claim, a determination that is 

fatal to both the statutory and common law claims. 

 Glacier also contends that Travelers’ bad faith was demonstrated by Travelers’ 

decision not to reconsider its initial denial of the claim and its delay in tendering 

payment even after the district court ruled that the original wells/pumps were covered 

by the Policy. “Th[e] duty of good faith and fair dealing continues unabated during 

the life of an insurer-insured relationship, including through a lawsuit or arbitration 

between the insured and the insurer, although the adversarial nature of such 

proceedings may suspend the insurer’s obligation to negotiate as a reflection of good 

faith.” Sanderson, 251 P.3d at 1217. 

 Glacier avers that Travelers acted unreasonably by denying reconsideration 

without further investigation or discussion and that Travelers’ refusal to ascertain and 

tender “the undisputed amount owed” until just before trial was in bad faith, Aplt. 

Opening Br. at 33.6

 But Travelers did not merely refuse Glacier’s reconsideration 

 

6

 Glacier relies on its expert’s opinion “that Travelers had continued to 

unreasonably delay[] payment of the claim after receipt of the Court’s order [holding 

that the Policy covered the repair and reworking of the original wells/pumps].” Aplt. 

Opening Br. at 29. But this conclusory opinion does not establish a genuine issue of 

material fact. See Zolman v. Pinnacol Assurance, 261 P.3d 490, 500 (Colo. App. 

2011) (noting that expert’s “affidavit and report simply state his conclusory opinions 

that [the insurer] acted in bad faith without establishing any genuine issue of material 

fact”). 
- 22 - 

request; rather, Travelers engaged an expert, informed Glacier of the expert’s interim 

report, and requested additional documentation. Moreover, the amount owed was 

disputed throughout the trial. Accordingly, applying the appropriate standards, we 

conclude that no reasonable jury could have found on the evidence presented that 

Travelers’ post-claim-denial conduct unreasonably delayed or denied Glacier’s claim. 

Again, this determination is fatal to both the statutory and common law claims. 

Summary judgment in Travelers’ favor was therefore appropriate on Glacier’s 

bad-faith claims. 

 VII. CONCLUSION

The judgment of the district court is affirmed. 

 Entered for the Court 

 Monroe G. McKay 

 Circuit Judge