J-A28007-16

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

IN THE MATTER OF: GENEVIEVE BUSH 

AN INCAPACITATED PERSON 

IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

PENNSYLVANIA

APPEAL OF: MICHAEL AND JOSEPH BUSH

No. 3207 EDA 2015

Appeal from the Order Entered August 7, 2015

In the Court of Common Pleas of Chester County

Orphans' Court at No(s): 1509-1720

BEFORE: PANELLA, J., SHOGAN, J., and PLATT, J.

MEMORANDUM BY PANELLA, J. FILED FEBRUARY 21, 2017

Appellants, Michael Bush (“Michael”) and Joseph Bush (“Joseph”), 

appeal1from the order entered in the Chester County Court of Common 

Pleas that removed Michael as co-guardian of the person of Genevieve Bush 

(“Mrs. Bush”) and appointed Guardian Services of Pennsylvania as sole 

guardian. After careful review, we affirm.2

____________________________________________

 Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.

1 On January 10, 2017, Appellee Mary Bush filed an “Emergency Petition for 

Writ of Prohibition Mandamus and Habeas Corpus.” We summarily deny that 

motion. 

2 Appellants purport to appeal from the order denying its exceptions entered 

on September 17, 2015. See Notice of Appeal, filed 10/15/16. This is simply 

incorrect. Appeals generally must be taken from final orders. See Pa.R.A.P. 

341(b). Orphans’ court rule 7.1, in effect at the time of this case, permitted 

(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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The orphans’ court has previously set forth a complete factual history 

of this case, which a panel of this Court adopted in whole at In re Bush, 

Nos. 2726 and 2746 EDA 2011 (Pa. Super., filed June 11, 2012) 

(unpublished memorandum) (quoting Trial Court Opinion, 6/24/11, at 1-4). 

Further, another panel of this Court at In re Bush, 2014 WL 10917673 (Pa. 

Super., filed June 24, 2014) (unpublished memorandum), set forth the 

following brief summary. 

[S]ince the death of her husband, Fabian Bush, on June 25, 

2005, the care of Genevieve Bush and her estate have been a 

matter of contention between her daughter, [Mary Bush 

(“Mary”)] and her three surviving sons, [Appellants] and Justin 

Bush. [Mary] systematically isolated Mrs. Bush from her sons 

and their families, prevented [Appellants] from entering the 

estate and visiting Mrs. Bush, failed to inform them of Mrs. 

Bush’s medical problems, posted signs disparaging them on Mrs. 

Bush’s property, and otherwise kept Mrs. Bush away from 

[Appellants]. She further persuaded Mrs. Bush to transfer the 

family home to her for $10.00, and thereafter pay for thousands 

of dollars of renovations out of the estate. 

On June 24, 2011, the court found Mrs. Bush to be an 

incapacitated person and appointed [Mary] and [Michael] as coguardians and [Joseph] as guardian of the estate. [Mary] 

appealed the decision and we affirmed. (See In re Bush, Nos. 

2726 and 2746 EDA 2011, unpublished memorandum at *3 (Pa. 

Super. 2012)).

See id., at *1. 

(Footnote Continued) _______________________

the filing of exceptions to any order that would become a final order under 

Pa.R.A.P. 341(b) or Pa.R.A.P. 342. See Pa.O.C.R. 7.1(a). Thus, following the 

disposition of the exceptions on September 17, 2015, it is the August 7, 

2015 order that the exceptions originated from that became the final 

appealable order. We have corrected the caption accordingly. 
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Following an increased period of familial discord, on May 23, 2013, the 

orphans’ court forbid Michael and Mary from being present at Mrs. Bush’s 

residence at the same time, unless a constable agreed to be present as well. 

Additionally, Mary was removed as co-guardian of Mrs. Bush on May 14, 

2013 and replaced by co-guardian Elizabeth Srinivasan, Esquire (“Attorney 

Srinivasan). Mary appealed this decision, and we affirmed. 

On February 9, 2015, Appellee filed a petition asking the orphans’ 

court to find that Michael and Joseph had committed perjury and were in 

contempt of court orders, and to remove them as guardians for Mrs. Bush. 

Shortly thereafter, Attorney Srinivasan filed a petition to withdraw as coguardian of the person for Mrs. Bush. On April 16, 2015, Michael and Joseph 

responded with a request to depose Attorney Srinivasan and Mrs. Bush’s 

primary care physician, Dr. Eliza Thornton. The orphans’ court denied this 

request. 

The orphans’ court consolidated Mary’s and Attorney Srinivasan’s 

petitions into one hearing. And after four days of testimony, the court 

entered the above-described order, granting Attorney Srinivasan’s petition to 

withdraw as co-guardian and Mary’s request to have Michael removed as coguardian of the person, while denying Mary’s requests to have Joseph 

removed as guardian of the estate, contempt sanctions levied against 

Appellants, and perjury charges filed against Appellants. Further, the 
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orphans’ court appointed Guardian Services of Pennsylvania as the sole 

guardian of the person of Mrs. Bush. 

Appellants filed exceptions to the order on August 27, 2015. On 

September 17, 2015, the court denied and dismissed Appellants’ exceptions. 

Appellants timely appealed.

Appellants raise the following issues for our review. 

A. WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN 

REMOVING MICHAEL BUSH AS CO-GUARDIAN OF THE 

PERSON. 

B. WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN 

DENYING THE APPELLANTS’ MOTION TO CONDUCT 

DISCOVERY BY WAY OF DEPOSITION OF ELIZABETH 

SRINIVASAN AND DR. ELIZA THORNTON. 

Appellants’ Brief, at 10. 

First, Appellants claim that the orphans’ court abused its discretion in 

removing Michael as co-guardian of the person for Mrs. Bush. See

Appellant’s Brief, at 16. Specifically, Appellants contend that Michael met the 

standards as set forth in law for a guardian of the person. See id., at 17. 

Further, Appellants argue that the orphans’ court impermissibly removed 

Michael due to his acrimonious relationship with Mary and Attorney 

Srinivasan’s ineffectiveness. See id., at 16-38. No relief is due. 

“Our standard of review is well-settled in cases involving [] an 

orphans’ court decision.” In re Estate of Cherwinski, 856 A.2d 165, 167 

(Pa. Super. 2004). As we have explained: 

The findings of a judge of the [O]rphan’s [C]ourt division, sitting 

without a jury, must be accorded the same weight and effect as 
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the verdict of a jury, and will not be reversed by an appellate 

court in the absence of an abuse of discretion or a lack of 

evidentiary support. This rule is particularly applicable to findings 

of fact which are predicated upon the credibility of the witnesses, 

whom the judge had the opportunity to hear and observe, and 

upon the weight given to their testimony. In reviewing the 

Orphans’ Court’s findings, our task is to ensure that the record is 

free from legal error and to determine if the Orphans’ Court’s 

findings are supported by competent and adequate evidence and 

are not predicated upon capricious disbelief of competent and 

adequate evidence. However, we are not limited when we review 

the legal conclusions that the Orphans’ Court has derived from 

those facts. 

Id. (quoting In re Estate of Schultheis, 747 A.2d 918, 922 (Pa. Super. 

2000)).

The appointment of a guardian lies within the sound discretion of the 

orphans’ court. See Estate of Haertsch, 649 A.2d 719, 720 (Pa. Super. 

1994). In the same vein, “[t]he power of the orphans’ court to remove a 

guardian is an inherent right, which will not be disturbed unless there is a 

gross abuse of discretion.” In re Estate of Border, 68 A.3d 946, 959 (Pa. 

Super. 2013) (citation omitted).

Under Pennsylvania law, a guardian of the person is responsible for all 

of an incapacitated person’s care and custody. See id., at 956. The Probate, 

Estates and Fiduciary Code specifically provides that

[i]t shall be the duty of the guardian of the person to assert the 

rights and best interests of the incapacitated person. Expressed 

wishes and preferences of the incapacitated person shall be 

respected to the greatest possible extent. Where appropriate, 

the guardian shall assure and participate in the development of a 

plan of supportive services to meet the person’s needs which 

explains how services will be obtained. The guardian shall also 

encourage the incapacitated person to participate to the 

maximum extent of his abilities in all decisions which affect him, 
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to act on his own behalf whenever he is able to do so and to 

develop or regain, to the maximum extent possible, his capacity 

to manage his personal affairs. 

20 Pa.C.S.A. § 5521. 

Further, the code indicates that “[t]he court shall have exclusive power 

to remove a personal representative when ... for any other reason, the 

interests of the estate are likely to be jeopardized by his continuance in 

office.” 20 Pa.C.S.A. § 3182(5). Our Supreme Court has indicated that the 

interests of the estate, including the person, are jeopardized when the 

incapacitated person’s best interests are not being protected. See In re 

Estate of Border, 68 A.3d at 959-960 (interpreting Scientific Living, Inc. 

v. Hohensee, 270 A.2d 216, 224 (Pa. 1970) (applying the standard under 

20 Pa.C.S.A. § 3182(5) to a request for removal of a guardian of the 

person). 

Our review of the record indicated prior to removing Michael as 

guardian, the orphans’ court considered four days of testimony from Michael, 

Mary, Joseph, Attorney Srinivasan, Dottie Miller, Dr. Thornton, Helen 

Hertzler, Erica Charvis, and Carol Gallo. From this testimony, the orphans’ 

court found as follows. 

Michael’s actual day to day care of his mother seems to be 

at least adequate. He is certainly fully committed to being her 

caregiver. But there is more to addressing Mrs. Bush’s welfare 

than the functions of shelter, food and basic medical care. 

Michael has proven himself incapable of consistently dealing in a 

productive fashion with his sister or with the co-guardian. He 

seems to have no ability to work collaboratively for his mother 

unless he is in full control. He has inundated the co-guardian 
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with angry e-mails, even more than [Mary] has. He knows his 

sister steals or moves supplies from the house to make his job 

harder (which I find credible), but his solution is to put chains 

and locks on the furniture and accessories. How can he possibly 

think this benefits Mrs. Bush? Rather than give Mrs. Bush a 

lovely day out at the hairdresser, which she can well afford, he 

cut her hair himself. Rather than treat her to a pedicure or take 

her to the podiatrist, he cut her toe nails [sic] himself. He put 

Relative Care workers on the spot by making them sign off on 

emails and his care plan. While he has met her most basic 

needs, he has been passive about her medical care, physical 

therapy and encouraging her social life. 

*****

Michael, Joseph and Mary agree on one thing: they want 

their mother to live in her own home as long as she possibly can. 

Dr. Thornton testified that, wherever possible, it is desirable to 

let an older person age in place. She opined that she did not 

object to Mrs. Bush being out of the home in light of the stressful 

situation caused by the siblings. [Michael, Joseph,] and Mary are 

oblivious to the fact that their own actions have rendered aging 

in place an unrealistic and unhealthy option for Mrs. Bush. Based 

on their past behavior, the likelihood that they could ever agree 

as to how that goal could peacefully be accomplished in the 

future is null. 

Were Mrs. Bush able to be safety transferred back to living 

in her home, that home itself would remain a flashpoint for her 

children. Were Mrs. Bush to return home, the wars over her day 

to day care would immediately resume so long as Michael and 

Mary had any responsibility for it. ... If there is no counterbalance 

to Michael’s efforts to limit Mary’s access, we will see the reverse 

of the isolation and estrangement that existed prior to the 

guardianship, at Mary’s hands. 

Thus, I can see no scenario in which Michael alone, Michael 

and a co-guardian, Mary alone, or Mary and a co-guardian could 

provide for Mrs. Bush’s best interests. Regardless of where Mrs. 

Bush ultimately resides, she deserves to have the decisions 

made for her to be thoughtful, empathetic, educated and absent 

any agenda. In this case, with these siblings, this can only be 

accomplished by the appointment of an independent, non-family 

guardian. 
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Trial Court Opinion, 8/7/15, at 9-10. 

The record supports the trial court’s findings and conclusion that 

Michael’s appointment, as either sole or co-guardian of the person, would 

not fulfill Mrs. Bush’s best interests. See 20 Pa.C.S.A. § 5521 (duty of 

guardian of the person to pursue incapacitated person’s best interest). 

Michael’s actions have ignored Mrs. Bush’s best interests and, as we found 

with Mary’s actions in a previous appeal, isolated Mrs. Bush. Thus, we find 

no abuse of discretion in the orphans’ court removal of Michael as coguardian of the person, and consequently, Appellants’ first issue on appeal 

fails. See In re Estate of Border, 68 A.3d at 959-960 (removal of guardian 

of the person for failure to promote best interests is appropriate). 

Next, Appellants contend that the trial court erred by denying their 

request to take the depositions of Attorney Srinivasan and Dr. Thornton. 

See Appellant’s Brief, at 38. Appellants contend that the orphans’ court’s 

denial of Appellants’ discovery request impaired their case, as they were not 

able to fully explore the factual basis behind Attorney Srinivasan and Dr. 

Thornton’s testimony at the hearing. See id., at 38-39. 

Pennsylvania Orphans’ Court Rule 3.6 pertains to discovery in orphans’ 

court matters: 

The local Orphans’ Court, by general rule or special order, may 

prescribe the practice relating to depositions, discovery, 

production of documents and perpetuation of testimony. To the 

extent not provided for by such general rule or special order, the 
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practice relating to such matters shall conform to the practice in 

the Trial or Civil Division of the local Court of Common Pleas. 

Pa.O.C.R. 3.6. Chester County Orphans’ Court Rule 3.6 prescribes the 

practice by requiring orphans’ court participants get court approval prior to 

taking depositions or compelling the production of documents. 

Here, the record reflects that during the course of the four-day trial, 

Appellants examined both Dr. Thornton and Attorney Srinivasan on the 

witness stand. There is no indication that the trial court limited the amount 

of questions, or the type of questions they were permitted to ask these 

witnesses. Further, in their brief, Appellants fail to indicate in their brief 

exactly what information pertaining to the factual basis of Dr. Thornton’s and 

Attorney Srinivasan’s testimony they were not able to elicit through 

testimony, that they would have been able to elicit through a deposition. 

Thus, we do not have any basis for concluding, as Appellants’ request, 

that the orphans’ court’s denial of their motion for discovery harmed their 

case. We agree with the orphans’ court’s reasoning that depositions were 

unnecessary and that taking depositions would have only prolonged this 

protracted matter. Because we find that the court was acting within its 

discretion to “prescribe the practice relating to depositions, discovery, 

production of documents and perpetuation of testimony,” we do not find an 

abuse of discretion. In re Hyman, 811 A.2d 605, 608 (Pa. Super. 2002) 

(citation omitted). Thus, Appellants’ final issue on appeal merits no relief. 

Order affirmed. Motion denied. 
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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 2/21/2017