Page 1 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: AC Spark Plug

Flint, Michigan

TIME PERIOD: 1946-1947; Residual Radiation 1948-October 2008 

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

AC Spark Plug performed beryllium work for the AEC. Records indicate that approximately 

10 men worked with beryllium at this location in 1947. Information about AC Spark Plug is 

found in health hazard surveys, shipping reports and in a MED history. The company 

continued to receive hundreds of pounds of beryllium for use under government contract into 

the 1960's. It is possible that some or all of this beryllium was being used for other, non-AEC 

projects. There was also a small amount of thorium procurement related to AC Spark Plug in 

the 1946-1947 timeframe.

DISCUSSION:

A memo from March 11, 1947, states that AC Sparkplug received 30 pounds of ThO3 and 960 

grams of U3O8. Additionally, specific activities conducted with this material, final 

accountability or disposition and/or decontamination efforts are not contained within the 

reviewed documentation. Based on a lack of documentation it can only be assumed that 

residual contamination exists outside the listed period.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Memo from March 11, 1947, Shipments to AC Sparkplug

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1948 - present
Page 2 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Aeroprojects, Inc.

West Chester, Pennsylvania

ALSO KNOWN AS: Sonobond Ultrasonics

TIME PERIOD: 1951-1973; Residual Radiation 1974-1976 

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Beginning in 1951, Aeroprojects Inc. performed research and development for the AEC. The 

company's work included investigation of the use of ultrasonic energy in the areas of 

instrumentation, welding, filling of tubes with powders, extrusion, solidification and cleaning. 

Materials used by the company include alloys and compounds of aluminum, beryllium, 

mercury, thorium and uranium. 

DISCUSSION:

It was alleged that small amounts of radioactive material may have been buried on this site. 

However, radiological surveys of the property performed in 1988 do not indicate exposure 

levels/rates above natural background. There is documentation that during facility cleaning in 

1975 and 1976 (outside the period in which weapons-related production occurred), some 

uranium shavings and slugs were discovered and buried on the site as well. These items, as 

described, are deemed significant enough to expand the listed dates through 1976. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• ORNL Report (ORNL/RASA-90/5), Radiological Survey of the Former Aeroprojects 

Facility, West Chester, Pennsylvania, October 1990

• Memo regarding historical burial events, July, 1990

• FUSRAP Elimination Reports 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1974-1976
Page 3 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Ajax Magnethermic Corp.

Youngstown, Ohio

TIME PERIOD: 1958-1962

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The Ajax-Magnethermic Corp. was involved in induction heat treatment of various forms of 

uranium for National Lead Company of Ohio (Fernald) and also for General Electric 

(Hanford). The company fabricated an induction heating unit for NLO in 1961.

DISCUSSION:

Documents reviewed describe tests performed between 1958 and 1961. There is no 

documentation indicating that work with radioactive materials occurred past October 31, 

1961. Multiple documents and radiological surveys were available demonstrating 

implementation of radiological contamination controls and representative monitoring during 

operations, along with descriptions of post-operational decontamination and area monitoring. 

These actions and documentation demonstrate elimination of the potential for residual 

radiological contamination. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Trip Reports by National Lead of Ohio to the Facility from 1958 to 1961

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 4 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Alba Craft Shop 

Oxford, Ohio

TIME PERIOD: 1952-1957; Residual Radiation 1958-1993;

DOE 1994-1995 (remediation)

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

From 1952 to 1957, Alba Craft provided a variety of machine shop services on natural 

uranium metal for National Lead Company of Ohio (Fernald). Early work at Alba Craft 

included general and developmental machining of threaded reactor fuel slugs for use at the 

Savannah River Site. Subsequent production-scale operations consisted of hollow drilling and 

turning of slugs for the Savannah River and Hanford plutonium-production reactors. 

Remediation activities under the Formerly Utilized Site Remediation Action Program 

(FUSRAP) occurred in 1994-1995 under the Bechtel National Inc. (BNI) umbrella site 

remediation contract. Remediation was certified complete in 1997.

DISCUSSION:

Survey results from 1992 confirm the presence of residual contamination, thirty-five years 

after operations ceased. While the conditions discovered in 1992 are well defined, there is no 

method to determine the actual conditions left at the end of operations in 1957. ORNL 

performed a verification survey between December of 1994 and February of 1995 to confirm 

that remedial actions were successful. The findings of this survey, published in April of 1996 

were that the site met current unrestricted release criteria.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included

• Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Health, Safety and Security Website; 

• ORNL Report (ORNL/RASA-92/14), Results of the Radiological Survey at the 

Former Alba Craft Laboratory Site Properties, Oxford Ohio; issued March 1993.

• ORNL Report (ORNL/TM-12968), Results of the Independent Radiological Survey of 

the Remedial Action Performed at the Former Alba Craft Laboratory Site Oxford, OH; 

issued April 1996

• Certification Docket for the Remedial Action Performed at the Alba Craft Laboratory 

and Vicinity Properties Site in Oxford, Ohio, January, 1997

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1958 - 1993
Page 5 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Aliquippa Forge 

Aliquippa, Pennsylvania

ALSO KNOWN AS: Vulcan Crucible Steel Co.

Universal Cyclops, Inc.

TIME PERIOD: 1947-1950; Residual Radiation 1951-1987; 1989-1992; DOE 

1988; 1993-1994 (remediation)

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In the late 1940s, Aliquippa Forge (previously Vulcan Crucible) was a supplier of rolled 

uranium rods used in Hanford's reactors. The AEC operated a rolling mill, two furnaces and 

cutting and extrusion equipment at Vulcan. Work at the site ended in 1950. 

This site was designated as part of the Formerly Utilized Site Remediation Action Program 

(FUSRAP) in 1983 and remediation work took place was in 1988 and again in 1993-1994. 

This work was performed under the Bechtel National Inc. umbrella contract for DOE site 

environmental remediation.

DISCUSSION:

Operations ceased in 1950. However, a subsequent radiological survey of the facility 

performed in May 1978 identified uranium contamination throughout several areas of the 

facility. From 1986 through 1988, phase one of a FUSRAP cleanup was begun and the area 

was isolated from access until 1993 when phase two was begun in June of 1993 and 

completed in September of 1994.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Certification Docket for the Remedial Action Performed at the Aliquippa Forge Site, 

November 1996.

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1951-1987; 1989-1992
Page 6 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Allegheny-Ludlum Steel 

Watervliet, New York

TIME PERIOD: 1950-1952

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Allegheny-Ludlum Steel rolled uranium billets into rods for the AEC as part of the multi-site 

process overseen by the New York Operations Office for the production of uranium metal for 

fabrication into slugs for fueling the Hanford production reactors. 

DISCUSSION:

While full records were not immediately available to review, processes, material forms, 

objectives, oversight by AEC during operations, and contractual requirements to recover and 

return all uranium-bearing materials, are documented well enough to determine it is unlikely 

that significant residual radioactive contamination existed after operations. This 

determination is further supported by radiological survey results from 1976 and 1980, finding 

no radiation above background levels.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Certification Docket for Al-Tech Specialty Steel Corporation (The formerly 

Allegheny-Ludlum Steel Corporation) 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 7 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Allied Chemical and Dye Corp.

North Claymont, Delaware

ALSO KNOWN AS: General Chemical Div., Allied Chemical and Dye Corp.

Allied Chemical Corp.

Union Texas Petroleum Div.

TIME PERIOD: Early 1950s-late 1960s; Residual Radiation late 1960s-1977

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Allied Chemical and Dye Corp. was involved in research and development and small pilotscale operations on uranium recovery from a phosphoric acid plant. Former AEC employees 

estimated that, at most, only a few pounds of uranium concentrate were produced.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation does not specifically identify the periods of operation or quantify the media or 

uranium concentrations introduced to the processes. There is no known radiological survey 

data from the operational period, nor is there any known radiological survey data from prior 

to, or after, the facility having been demolished.

Documentation originating in 1977 does indicates that subsequent facility and operational 

reviews including interviews with involved parties determined that there was a low potential 

for residual contamination based on an understanding that only a few pounds of uranium 

concentrate were reportedly separated and recovered through filtration methods. It is also 

stated in available documentation that the exact location of the operational facility is unknown 

and that it was reportedly demolished 1970s.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included: 

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• DOE Memorandum; Keller to Mott; Subject: Report of Findings: Allied Chemical 

Corporation Sites at North Claymont, Delaware, Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania, and 

Baltimore, Maryland; December 12, 1977

• DOE Report; FUSRAP Elimination Report for Former Allied Chemical Corporation, 

Chemicals Company (Now General Chemical Corporation), North Claymont, 

Delaware; Circa 1987

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

Late 1960s - 1977
Page 8 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Allied Chemical Corp. Plant 

Metropolis, Illinois

ALSO KNOWN AS: General Chemical Division

TIME PERIOD: 1959-1976; Residual Radiation 1977-October 2009

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website: 

After World War II, many companies working for the United States Government produced 

UF6 feed for uranium enrichment and diffusion plants. The Allied Plant in Metropolis, 

Illinois was completed and initial deliveries began sometime in 1959. In 1962, several feed 

plants were shut down and the privately-owned Allied Chemical Corp. Plant in Metropolis, 

IL, took over the conversion of U3O8 to UF6. This plant produced approximately five thousand 

tons of uranium hexafluoride feed for the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant per year. It was 

shut down in 1964. Though it later reopened, it is not clear that any material after this date 

was used in the Atomic Weapons Production Process.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation reviewed indicates that AWE related residual contamination exists outside the 

listed period. Residual contamination from prior AWE related activities is indistinguishable 

from contamination produced during subsequent operations conducted under the present NRC 

license. This facility is still operational.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1977 - present
Page 9 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Allis-Chalmers Company 

West Allis, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

TIME PERIOD: 1943-1944

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Allis-Chalmers made vacuum pumps for the Y-12 plant effort. The company also wound

magnetic coils for the "calutrons" used in the Y-12 plant to produce highly enriched uranium. 

In late 1943 General Groves ordered some partially-used coils be sent back to Allis-Chalmers 

for cleaning. This cleaning effort is how some uranium would have found its way back to 

Wisconsin. 

Allis-Chalmers was also involved in the construction of the K-25 Plant. It provided 

compressors designed to handle uranium hexafluoride. 

DISCUSSION:

It should be noted that the documentation reviewed does not firmly establish that the coils 

returned to Allis-Chalmers were contaminated internally or externally with uranium. Failure 

of these components was discovered in late October 1943 during the first testing of the 

magnet coils during system shakedowns, and prior to startup of the process and/or plant. An 

NRC License close-out memo state that inspections were performed and concluded that no 

radioactive materials were used at the West Allis Facility.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• NRC License Close-out memo

• Elimination Report Allis Chalmers

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 10 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Aluminum Company of America (ALCOA) (New Jersey) 

Garwood, New Jersey

TIME PERIOD: 1944

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Under subcontract to the Metallurgical Laboratory (University of Chicago), the Garwood 

facility manufactured casting dies and used them to cast uranium slugs. This work was 

conducted intermittently between July and November of 1944. 

DISCUSSION:

The documents reviewed contain detailed discussions of the die casting activities which took 

place on approximately 17 days in 1944. The operations were apparently overseen directly by 

personnel from Metallurgical Laboratory. A memo in November of 1944 states that the 

efforts of ALCOA are no longer needed and that the metal will be removed from the site. The 

potential for residual contamination, post-operations, is low.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Die Casting Reports at the ALCOA Plant

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 11 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Aluminum Co. of America (ALCOA)

New Kensington, Pennsylvania

ALSO KNOWN AS: Aluminum Research Companies

New Kensington Workers of ALCOA on Pine and 9th Streets

TIME PERIOD: 1943-1945; Residual Radiation 1946-1991 

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The Aluminum Co. of America (ALCOA) site in New Kensington, Pennsylvania was one of 14 

facilities in the early 1940s that produced nuclear fuel for the X-10 pilot plant reactor in Oak 

Ridge, Tennessee and the production reactors at Hanford, Washington. ALCOA used a 

unique welding process to "can" and seal uranium slugs produced by these other facilities.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation specifying the exact location of the canning operations conducted within the 

ALCOA facilities is not available but does indicate that operations began in the spring of 

1943 at the Pine and Ninth Street location within Buildings #29 and #44. Radiological survey 

data from during, or immediately after operations is not available. Radiological surveys were 

performed in 1991 and did not identify residual contamination. There is a significant potential 

for residual contamination post operations, therefore the existence of residual contamination 

cannot be ruled out until the 1991 surveys.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• ORNL Survey Report (ORNL/RASA-92/4); Results of the Radiological Survey at the

Alcoa Research Laboratory, 600 Freeport Road, New Kensington Pennsylvania

(ANK001); October 1992.

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1946 -1991
Page 12 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: AMCOT 

Fort Worth, Texas 

TIME PERIOD: 1961-1962; Residual Radiation 1963

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The American Manufacturing Company of Texas (AMCOT) conducted specialized tube 

elongation and billet piercing tests on uranium metal for National Lead Company of Ohio 

(Fernald). The tube elongation tests were conducted from July to September 1961 and 

involved approximately 7 tons of uranium. The billet piercing tests were conducted from June 

to September 1962 and involved approximately 23 tons of uranium. Both NLO and AMCOT 

employees participated in the tests.

DISCUSSION:

There is detailed documentation describing the processes, material handled, radiological 

controls and monitoring, multiple equipment and area decontamination activities, as well as 

removal of materials and wastes generated during the processes which ended in 1962. A 1994 

survey confirmed these results. However, additional documentation verifies that a final 

facility decontamination was not conducted until 1963. The presence of residual 

contamination cannot be ruled out prior to completion of this final task. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Formal Elimination Report for the Former American Manufacturing Company of 

Texas (AMCOT)

• Final Report-Radiological Survey of the Former American Manufacturing Company 

of Texas (AMCOT)

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1963
Page 13 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: American Bearing Corp 

Indianapolis, Indiana

TIME PERIOD: 1954–1959; Residual Radiation 1960-1983

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In 1954, American Bearing Corp. was selected to participate in the machining of a sample lot 

of four hollow extrusion uranium billets from ingots for National Lead of Ohio (Fernald). 

Subsequently, National Lead used the Special Products Area of American Bearing to process 

uranium materials in the late 1950s. In May 1959, National Lead Industries (NLI), Nuclear 

Division was formed in Albany (Colonie), NY, and this work was moved to this NLI facility. 

DISCUSSION:

It is not evident in the available documentation how the facility was used after 1959. 

An Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) report dated Nov. 1983, titled “Radiological 

Survey of the American Bearings Corporation Indianapolis, Indiana”, confirms that a facility 

survey was performed by Radiation Management Corporation (RMC) in 1981/1982 

identifying residual contamination in excess of unrestricted release criteria. This survey 

prompted decontamination and partial dismantlement of the facility, approximately twentytwo years after cessation of AWE operational activities. Subsequent to that effort, ORAU was 

requested to and performed a survey as detailed in the referenced report. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Oak Ridge Associated University (ORAU) report dated Nov. 1983 titled, 

“Radiological Survey of the American Bearings Corporation Indianapolis, Indiana.” 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1960 - 1983
Page 14 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: American Chain and Cable Co.

Bridgeport, Connecticut

TIME PERIOD: 1944

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

American Chain and Cable worked under contract to the Du Pont Company to support the 

manufacture of uranium slugs during the Manhattan Project. In 1944, the company swaged 

(reduced the diameter) of uranium rods at its Bridgeport facility.

DISCUSSION:

It is not likely that significant levels of residual radioactive material were present after this 

operation. Documentation exists supporting that a limited quantity of material was processed 

(eight uranium rods 1.39 to 1.46 inches in diameter), and that the operation was of a short 

duration (which contractually included delivery and removal of all material). Additionally, 

the nature of the activity, swaging (cold-working), would most likely not lead to a high 

probability of dispersion of radioactive material.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Memo describing quantity and process, March 10, 1944

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 15 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: American Machine & Foundry

Brooklyn, New York

ALSO KNOWN AS: AMF

Lutheran Medical Center

Bus Terminal

TIME PERIOD: 1951-1954; Residual Radiation 1955-1992 

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

During the early 1950s, this location designed and produced industrial equipment for the 

AEC. American Machine & Foundry also performed a large volume of uranium, thorium and 

possibly zirconium metal machining work from 1951-1954. 

DISCUSSION:

This facility was acquired and renovated for occupancy by the Lutheran Medical Center 

subsequent to AWE related activities. Considering the absence of post operational data, the 

fact that 200 tons U and Th metal were machined at this facility, coupled with air monitoring 

data from the time of operations indicating significant dispersal of radioactive material 

concentrations, there is a high probability that residual contamination existed after the period 

in which weapons-related production occurred up until the time of the facility renovation. The 

exact date of the renovation could not be identified.

The present facility was surveyed for/by the DOE in January 1992. No elevated radiation 

readings were identified at that time.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• ORAU Letter report; Berger to Williams (DOE); Subject: Former AMF Site: 

Brooklyn, New York; January 29, 1992

• AEC (NYOO-Health and Safety Div.) Report; American Machine & Foundry 

Company, Occupational Exposure to Radioactive Dust; Issued: February 18, 1952

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1955 - 1992 
Page 16 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: American Machine and Metals, Inc.

E. Moline, Illinois

ALSO KNOWN AS: Vapofier Corp.

TIME PERIOD: 1960

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In 1960, American Machine and Metals demonstrated a process for National Lead of Ohio

(Fernald) that involved dehydration of green salt using a centrifuge process.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation demonstrates that a limited quantity of material was processed during a three 

day period, May 24-May 26, 1960. Radiation protection controls and monitoring were in 

place during the tests, and the materials and wastes were returned to NLO (Fernald). 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Trip Report describing activities and containing surveys, June 1960

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 17 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: American Peddinghaus Corp.

Moonachie, New Jersey

TIME PERIOD: April 3, 1978

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The facility conducted a one-day shear (cutting) test on uranium metal for National Lead of 

Ohio (Fernald) in 1978. 

DISCUSSION:

This one day test took place on April 3, 1978. An April 7, 1978 memo from R. W. Mode and 

G. C. Coon describes the activities that took place including that the equipment used was 

decontaminated and the materials used for decontamination were returned to the FMPC. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Trip Report describing activity

• Memo describing removal of debris

• Memo describing radiation hazard

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 18 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: American Potash & Chemical

West Hanover, Massachusetts

ALSO KNOWN AS: National Fireworks Ordnance Corp.

National Northern Div.

TIME PERIOD: 1959 - 1961

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

American Potash & Chemical conducted uranium metal shaping and uranium-magnesium

explosive forming studies for Union Carbide Nuclear Corporation, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. 

The tests done up to May, 1961 were performed with 430 stainless steel and uranium metal 

pieces. Work was also done with green and sintered uranium-based powders. The powders 

were formed in a die into discs approximately 41⁄2 inches in diameter and 1 inch thick. 

DISCUSSION:

Documentation reviewed does not specify the exact period activities began. 

It should be noted that the “430” above describes the type of stainless steel not the number of 

pieces handled.

Although there is no radiological survey data available for review, documentation that only 

test quantities of radioactive materials were handled, with safety oversight involved, 

establishes that the potential for residual contamination outside the listed period is remote.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• AEC Memorandum; Davis to Polson; Subject: Explosive Forming; May 1, 1961.

• Elimination Report for American Potash and Chemical

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 19 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Anaconda Co. 

Waterbury, Connecticut

ALSO KNOWN AS: American Brass Co.

Fabric Metal Goods and West Tube Mill

Anamet, Inc.

TIME PERIOD: 1942; 1956-1959

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In 1942, the American Brass Company produced the barriers used in the gaseous diffusion 

process. In the late 1950s, under contract to Nuclear Metals Inc., the company extruded 

copper-clad uranium billets into tubes at least two separate times for the Savannah River Site. 

While the original plans called for work on 500 billets, only around 50 were actually 

processed. The operations involved plating, heating, extruding, sawing, drilling, deburring, 

cleaning, testing, crating, and shipping. Work was conducted at the West Tube Mill. AEC 

Health and Safety Laboratory personnel visited the site in 1956 and 1959, and obtained air 

quality and surface radiation measurements during the later visit.

DISCUSSION:

Although the period in which weapons-related production occurred is determined to be 

appropriate, it is questionable as to whether radioactive materials were ever handled during 

the 1942 operations. Documented activities from the 1956-1959 period includes descriptions 

of the limited quantity of material handled, the physical form of the material as being copperclad uranium metals, and radiological surveys of general area ambient dose rates and airborne 

radioactive material concentrations during operations. Based on an evaluation of this 

documentation, it is concluded that there was little potential for significant residual 

contamination after completion of the activities. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Surveys of Anaconda Plant 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 20 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Armco-Rustless Iron and Steel 

Baltimore, Maryland

ALSO KNOWN AS: Armco Steel

TIME PERIOD: 1948

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Armco-Rustless Iron and Steel Co. rolled eight billets of uranium for the AEC. It was a onetime test of rolling.

DISCUSSION:

Documents reviewed describe that radiological monitoring was in place during the activity. 

Because of the limited amount of material processed, it is unlikely that residual radioactivity 

was present outside of the period of operation.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Surveys taken during rolling Operations

• Rolling of Billets at ARMCO Rustless Iron and Steel April 7, 1948

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 21 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Armour Fertilizer Works 

Bartow, Florida 

ALSO KNOWN AS: U.S. Agri-Chemicals Pilot Facility 

U.S. Steel Corp. 

TIME PERIOD: 1951-1955 

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Under contract with the AEC, Armour operated a pilot plant which produced uranium from 

phosphoric acid.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation reviewed described that this site was used for research and development of 

Uranium recovery by solvent extraction from phosphoric acid and that only gram quantities 

were produced. A 1977 radiological survey of the facility identified conditions consistent with 

background, or no greater than expected from normal industrial processing of similar 

materials. 

Given the limited production of material and the results of the 1977 survey, the potential for 

significant residual contamination is low.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Site operations description

• Preliminary Survey of U.S. Steel Corporation Agri-Chemical (former Armour 

Fertilizer Works) Bartow Florida, March 1980

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 22 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Armour Research Foundation

Chicago, Illinois

ALSO KNOWN AS: ARF

Illinois Institute of Technology

IIT

TIME PERIOD: 1957; Residual Radiation 1958-October 2009

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Records indicate that Armour Research Foundation may have tested radioactive materials for 

National Lead Company of Ohio (Fernald), specifically test quantities of materials other than 

metal (UF4 or ThO2). 

DISCUSSION:

Documentation reviewed indicates that work involving radioactive materials for Argonne 

National Laboratory took place prior to 1957. There is also documentation describing a 

contamination incident that occurred in 1958. In 1994 the Department of Energy determined 

that it did not have authority to perform remedial actions at the site due to the fact that the site 

was licensed to handle radioactive material. There was no documentation available indicating 

that the areas processing weapons-related material were decontaminated

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Feasibility of Fabricating Metal Fiber-Ceramic Bodies for Irradiation Studies, (ANLFF-501e) December 7, 1956

• DOE no authority letter, December 1994

• License Information and Contamination Incident Reports

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1958 - present
Page 23 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Arthur D. Little Co.

San Francisco, California

ALSO KNOWN AS: Merrill Co.

A.D. Little Co.

TIME PERIOD: 1948-1956; Residual Radiation 1957-1977 

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Under contract to the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) from 1948-1956, initially as the 

Merrill Company, Arthur D. Little Co. researched the separation and recovery of uranium 

from various ores. Specific work included the recovery of uranium and vanadium from 

alkaline carbonate leach solutions from domestic ores.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation confirms that this facility, owned by Arthur D. Little Co, performed the 

specified work from 1948 through 1956. There is no known radiological survey data available 

from during or immediately after the operational period. 

A radiological survey was performed for/by the DOE in 1977 with no residual contamination 

identified. Additionally, documentation describes the facility as having been demolished and 

removed as part of the San Francisco redevelopment program, at some time prior to 1977. The 

exact date of the facility demolition was not established.

Based on the nature of the work performed from 1948 through 1956, there is a potential for 

significant residual contamination after operations ceased.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• DOE letter; Mott to Hurley; Subject: Summary of MED/AEC Activities at A.D. Little 

Facility; May 2, 1979; Attachment: Summary of MED/AEC Activities at A.D. Little 

Facility; Circa 1979 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1957 - 1977
Page 24 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Ashland Oil

Tonawanda, New York 

ALSO KNOWN AS: Ashland #1, Ashland #2

Ashland Oil Company

Haist Property

TIME PERIOD: 1944-1960; 1974-1982; Residual Radiation 1961-1973 and

1983- 2006

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In August 1944, the MED purchased the Ashland #1 property, formerly known as the Haist 

Property, for use as a disposal site for approximately 7,250 metric tons (8,000 tons) of 

uranium ore tailings and concentrate refining residues generated at the nearby Linde site. 

When the uranium residues were transported to the Ashland #1 site, they were spread over 

two-thirds of the property to estimated depths of 0.3 to 1.5 meters (one to five feet). In 1960, 

the AEC determined that the levels of residual radioactivity at Ashland #1 site were below 

then-current criteria and released the land as surplus. The Ashland Oil Company eventually 

acquired the property. From 1957 to 1982, Ashland Oil used a portion of the Ashland #2 site 

as a landfill for disposal of general plant refuse and industrial and chemical wastes and 

materials. Between 1974 and 1982, Ashland Oil transported from the Ashland #1 site an 

unknown quantity of soil mixed with radioactive residues to the Ashland #2 landfill.

Although the Ashland Oil facility was designated for the Formerly Utilized Site Remediation 

Action Program (FUSRAP) in 1984, no actual remediation under this program occurred 

prior to its transfer to the Army Corp. 

DISCUSSION:

Based on the conditions described in the documentation reviewed, it appears that significant 

quantities of uranium-contaminated residues and wastes were deposited on the property 

referred to as the Ashland #1 site, which at the time was owned by the AEC. The property 

was subsequently sold to a private enterprise in 1960. Radiological surveys performed for the 

government in 1958, 1976 and later, all confirmed the presence of uranium contamination and 

corresponding ambient dose rates well in excess of natural background. Documentation 

reviewed indicates that the potential for significant residual contamination existed outside of 

the period in which weapons-related production occurred, specifically in the gaps from 1960-

1974 and after 1982. The responsibility for the site was transferred from the Department of 

Energy to the United States Army Corps of Engineers on October 10,1997. On September 12, 

2006, the USACE issued a news release stating that the clean-up had been completed.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• DOE letter transferring ownership to USACE
Page 25 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

• USACE News Release of Remediation Completion

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1961-1973; 1983 - 2006
Page 26 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Associated Aircraft Tool and Manufacturing Co.

Fairfield, Ohio 

ALSO KNOWN AS: Force Control Industries

Fairfield

Former Dixie Machinery Ownership

TIME PERIOD: 1956 

Residual Radiation 1957-1993

DOE 1994-1995 (remediation)

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

From February to September 1956, Associate Aircraft Tool and Manufacturing Company 

machined hollow uranium slugs for the Hanford and Savannah River plutonium-production 

reactors under a subcontract from National Lead Company of Ohio (Fernald). Associate 

Aircraft machined approximately 96,000 slugs during the eight-month contract period. 

Cleanup activities were performed in 1994-1995 by Thermo Nutech under the Bechtel 

National Inc. umbrella site remediation contract as part of the Formerly Utilized Site 

Remediation Action Program (FUSRAP). 

DISCUSSION:

Documentation reviewed indicates residual contamination outside of the period until 

completion of FUSRAP cleanup in 1995. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• ORNL Report (ORNL/RASA-93/2); Results of the Radiological Survey at the Former 

Associate Aircraft Tool and Manufacturing Company Site, Fairfield, Ohio (FOH001); 

Issued March 1993 OH.23-3, 2)

• ORNL Report (ORNL/RASA-95/15); Results of the Independent Radiological Survey 

at the Former Associate Aircraft Tool and Manufacturing Company Site, Fairfield, 

Ohio (FOH001); Issued January, 1996 OH.23-6

• DOE (OR-FSRD) Report; Certification Docket for the Remedial Action Performed at 

the Associate Aircraft Site, Fairfield, Ohio, 1994-1995; January 1996 OH.23-7 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1957-1993
Page 27 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: B & T Metals 

Columbus, Ohio 

TIME PERIOD: 1943

Residual Radiation 1944–1995

DOE 1996 (remediation)

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

During the early stages of nuclear weapons production, uranium reactor fuel was produced 

by a variety of metallurgical techniques including extrusion, casting, and machining. 

In February, 1943, DuPont, acting as an agent of the MED, contracted B&T Metals to 

extrude rods from uranium metal billets for the Hanford reactor in Washington State. B&T 

Metals extruded an estimated 50 tons of uranium between March, 1943 and August, 1943.

Environmental cleanup under the Formerly Utilized Site Remediation Program (FUSRAP) 

was conducted in 1996. This work was performed by employees of SunPro as subcontractors 

to Bechtel National Inc., the company that held the umbrella contract for DOE site 

environmental remediation. This site's remedial action was certified complete in 2001.

DISCUSSION:

Environmental cleanup under the Formerly Utilized Site Remediation Program (FUSRAP) 

was conducted in 1996. This work was performed by employees of SunPro as subcontractors 

to Bechtel National Inc., the company that held the umbrella contract for DOE site 

environmental remediation. Preliminary surveys performed in 1988 and 1999 found 

contamination in excess of requirements. Additional remediation was performed and 

verification surveys performed in 1996 confirmed that remedial actions brought the site below 

the guidelines for unrestricted use.

Documentation reviewed indicates residual contamination outside of the period until 

completion of FUSRAP cleanup in 1996.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• ORNL Report (ORNL/RASA-89/1), Results of the Preliminary Radiological Survey at 

B&T Metals, 425 West Town Street, Columbus, Ohio (CO001); October 1990 OH.26-

5

• ORNL Report (ORNL/RASA-96/8), Results of the Independent Radiological 

Verification Survey at B&T Metals, 425 West Town Street, Columbus, Ohio 

(CO001V); June 1997 OH.26-6

• DOE Report; Certification Docket for the Remedial Action Performed at the B&T 

Metals Site in Columbus, Ohio; June 2001 OH.26-8. 
Page 28 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1944-1995
Page 29 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Baker and Company

Newark, New Jersey

ALSO KNOWN AS: Englehard Industries

Platinum (or Baker) Div. of Englehard Industries

Baker and Williams Co., Inc.

TIME PERIOD: 1943-1962; Residual Radiation 1963-1990

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Baker and Company processed radioactive platinum as part of the process of making 

polonium, which was needed for initiators in nuclear weapons. Baker and Co. also processed 

unirradiated uranium scrap for the AEC to recover enriched uranium for use in the weapons 

complex.

DISCUSSION:

Available documentation does not fully describe the processes or amount and/or forms of 

radioactive materials handled. Considering this absence of detail, in conjunction with no 

available radiological survey data subsequent to the operations, the presence of residual 

contamination after completion of the activities cannot be ruled out.

This facility was used from as early as 1943 through the early 1950s for the recovery of 

platinum from contaminated spent catalyst (platinized granular carbon). Neither the exact 

nature nor the extent of the contamination is known, but there are indications that it may have 

involved polonium and/or plutonium.

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside the covered period. The facility involved with this work was a 20' x 20' 

lab located at 113 Astor Street. The Astor Street location was reportedly demolished prior to 

1990.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Memorandum/Checklist; Mackenzie to File; Elimination of Englehard, Ind. From the 

FUSRAP Program; June 28, 1990

• ORAU Letter; Berger to Wagoner (DOE); Subject: Visit to Potential Sites in Newark 

and Linden, New Jersey; February 12, 1990 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 30 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1963 - 1990
Page 31 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Baker and Williams Warehouses 

New York, New York

ALSO KNOWN AS: Pier 39

Ralph Ferrara Co. Warehouse

Ralph Ferrara Inc. 

TIME PERIOD: 1942-1949; Residual Radiation 1950-1990; 

DOE 1991-1993 (remediation)

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The Manhattan Engineer District and the Atomic Energy Commission used the Baker & 

Williams site warehouses for short-term storage of uranium concentrates. This material was 

generated in Port Hope, Canada by milling African ores. 

Environmental cleanup under the Formerly Utilized Site Remediation Action Program was 

conducted in 1991-1993 by Bechtel National Inc. This site's remedial action was certified 

complete in November 1995. 

DISCUSSION:

The presence of radiological contamination was confirmed during a preliminary survey 

performed in 1990-91, approximately 50 years after use by the MED for storage of material.

A verification survey was performed in 1993 and found that all applicable guidelines for 

unrestricted use had been met.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• ORAU Report (ORAU 91/L-36); Radiological Survey of the Baker and Willaims 

Warehouses buildings 513-519 New York, New York; December 1991

• ORAU Report (ORAU 89/L-33); Radiological Survey of the Baker and Williams 

Warehouses New York, New York; June 1990

• Verification Survey of the Baker and Williams Warehouses Buildings 513-519, June 

1994

• DOE (OR-FSRD) Report; Certification Docket for the Remedial Action at the Baker 

and Williams Site in New York, New York, 1991-1993; November 1995. 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1950 – 1990
Page 32 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Baker Brothers 

Toledo, Ohio

ALSO KNOWN AS: Rems, Inc. 

TIME PERIOD: 1943-1944 

Residual Radiation 1945-1994; 1996

DOE 1995 (Remediation)

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Between June 1943 and July 1944, DuPont and the University of Chicago subcontracted the 

Baker Brothers company to machine roll metal rods into uranium slugs that were used for 

fuel in the world's first production reactors located in Oak Ridge, TN and Hanford, WA. 

Environmental cleanup under the Formerly Utilized Site Remediation Action Program was 

conducted in 1995. This work was performed under the Bechtel National Inc. umbrella 

contract for DOE site environmental remediation. This site's remedial action was certified 

complete in 2001.

DISCUSSION:

There is no evidence of a radiological survey having been performed after completion of 

operations in 1944. However, radiological surveys performed for the DOE in 1989 and 1990

identified several indoor and outdoor areas with radiation in excess of DOE guidelines, which 

led to a subsequent FUSRAP cleanup. A verification survey was performed in 1996 and 

confirmed that all applicable unrestricted use guidelines had been met.

The documentation reviewed indicates that the potential for significant residual contamination 

existed outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred, specifically 

between 1944 and 1994, and1996.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Draft Report – Verification Survey of the Former Baker Brothers, Inc. Site, May 29, 

1996 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1945 - 1994; 1996
Page 33 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Baker-Perkins Co.

Saginaw, Michigan

ALSO KNOWN AS: APV Chemical Company 

TIME PERIOD: May 14 – 18, 1956

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In May 1956, Baker-Perkins performed a test of their mixing equipment for NLO (Fernald). 

The tests involved mixing uranium trioxide (orange oxide) with water and kneading the 

mixture with the Baker-Perkins “P” and “K” Ko-Kneader machines.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation demonstrates that a limited quantity of radioactive material was used in the 

process, controls were in place during the process and post-operational decontamination was 

implemented with radiological surveys having been performed. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Surveys performed during operations and during the process of decontaminating the 

equipment used

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 34 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Battelle Laboratories-King Avenue 

Columbus, Ohio

ALSO KNOWN AS: Battelle Columbus Laboratories (BCL)

Battelle Memorial Institute (BMI)

TIME PERIOD: 1943-1986; 

DOE 1986-2000; Residual Radiation 2001 – October 2009

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

From 1943 to 1986, Battelle Memorial Institute performed atomic energy research and 

development as well as beryllium work for the DOE and its predecessor agencies. The 

Battelle Laboratories have two separate locations in Columbus: King Avenue and West 

Jefferson. Battelle's research supported the government's fuel and target fabrication program, 

including fabrication of uranium and fuel elements, reactor development, submarine 

propulsion, fuel reprocessing, and the safe use of reactor vessels and piping. 

The following activities were performed at the King Avenue location: processing and 

machining enriched, natural, and depleted uranium and thorium; fabricating fuel elements; 

analyzing radiochemicals; and studying power metallurgy. Beryllium work was conducted 

from 1947 until at least, 1961.

DISCUSSION: Documentation reviewed indicates the King Avenue facility was still in a 

remediation phase into 2008 with an estimated closure date of March 2008. No documents 

indicating that closure was completed were identified.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• NRC Battelle Site Document 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

2001-present
Page 35 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Battelle Laboratories-West Jefferson 

Columbus, Ohio 

ALSO KNOWN AS: Battelle Memorial Institute (BMI)

Battelle Columbus Laboratories (BCL)

West Jefferson Plutonium Facilities

TIME PERIOD: 1956-1975

Residual Radiation 1976-1985

DOE 1986-present (remediation)

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

From 1943 to 1986, Battelle Memorial Institute performed atomic energy research and 

development for the DOE and its predecessor agencies. The Battelle Laboratories have two 

separate locations in Columbus, King Avenue and West Jefferson. Battelle participated in 

research on fabrication of uranium and fuel elements, reactor development, submarine 

propulsion, fuel reprocessing, and the safe use of reactor vessels and piping. 

At the West Jefferson location, Battelle operated a large hot cell facility and a research 

reactor. Reactor operations began in October,1956, and ended in December,1974. The 

reactor was defueled and partially dismantled in 1975 and Battelle's license was changed to

possession-only status.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation describes initiation of activities for the AEC on or around about 1956. 

However, the documentation also demonstrates that residual radioactive material was present 

up until decommissioning activities were started in 1986.

Documentation reviewed indicates that there was residual contamination outside of the period 

in which weapons-related production occurred. Battelle is undergoing remediation with an 

expected completion date in 2008.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• NRC Battelle Site Document 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1976 - 1985
Page 36 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Bell Telephone Laboratories

Murray Hill, New Jersey

ALSO KNOWN AS: Western Electric

TIME PERIOD: 1943-1944; Residual Radiation 1945- October 2009 

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

This facility handled a quantity of uranium during World War II, probably in support of its 

work to develop effective barrier material for the K-25 facility in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The 

barrier materials were not radioactive.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation identifies the facility as having and/or using X-metals (uranium) during work 

being performed in 1943, without identifying the quantities or forms of the uranium. 

There has been no specific information found related to the amounts or means by which 

uranium was handled, there is an accountability record requesting instruction on the transfer 

of custody back to the AEC of government materials. This document may not be related to the 

AWE work, but the listing of radioactive isotopes and forms demonstrates that personnel at 

the facility were knowledgeable about controls and accountability, indicating a limited 

potential for significant residual contamination post AWE related work. 

However, considering the absence of any radiological survey data or information regarding 

the type and amount of radioactive material used, the presence of weapons-related residual 

contamination cannot be ruled out.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Bell Telephone Laboratories Letter from M.M. Weiss (Radiation Protection) to 

USAEC NYOO, J.A. Raffuci - Chief, Property Management Branch 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1945 - present.
Page 37 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Bendix Aviation (Pioneer Division)

Davenport, Iowa

TIME PERIOD: 1960

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

On three separate occasions, National Lead of Ohio (Fernald) personnel conducted tests to 

see how well a Bendix sonic energy cleaning system could clean uranium-contaminated 55 

gallon drums. At least 18 contaminated drums were test-cleaned.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation of the processes employed during the surface-contaminated drum cleaning 

tests, contamination controls, reclamation of contaminated materials and wastes, as well as 

post-operational decontamination efforts and radiological release surveys, is sufficient to 

demonstrate no residual contamination existed after the operation.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Trip Reports detailing operation and decontamination of equipment 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 38 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Besley-Wells

South Beloit, Wisconsin

ALSO KNOWN AS: Besley Products Co.

TIME PERIOD: May 4-7, 1953 

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Besley was a cutting tool manufacturer. A National Lead Company of Ohio (Fernald) 

proposal indicates Besley was to machine a trial lot of 500 uranium slugs at its Beloit, WI, 

plant to evaluate whether the use of the Besley facing and radiusing machine could increase 

production. An NLO document lists Besley-Wells as the recipient of test quantities of 

radioactive materials.

DISCUSSION:

An NLO (Fernald) document lists Besley-Wells as the recipient of test quantities of 

radioactive materials. Available documentation also confirms work was performed during a 

four day period from May 4 through May 7 1953, involving the machining of 500 uranium 

slugs through use of a Besley Grinder. The amount of metal removed from each piece was 

approximately .015 inch.

The report states that “Health, Safety, and Security measures had been anticipated and 

complied with even beyond our demands.” Given the short duration of this activity, the 

minimal amount of material involved and the statement that Health, Safety, and Security 

measures were implemented, it has been determined that the potential for residual 

radioactivity is low.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• National Lead of Ohio document titled, Visit To Besley Welles Corp., Beloit 

Wisconsin, May 4 – May 7, 1953.

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 39 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Bethlehem Steel 

Lackawanna, New York

TIME PERIOD: 1949-1952

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In 1949, Bethlehem Steel of Lackawanna, New York developed improved rolling mill pass 

schedules for uranium billets into 1.5-inch rods to be used for reactor fuel rods to later be 

used at the Fernald plant. Bethlehem also performed uranium rolling experiments to help 

design the Fernald rolling mill.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation reviewed describes the activities as being limited in scope, principally being 

performed on weekends, which involved uranium metals being rolled into rods.

Personnel were present during operations and provided Health and Safety coverage including 

documented monitoring for airborne radioactivity, and contamination surveys after 

operations.

Radiological surveys were performed before and after cleaning of the equipment after the last 

rolling and showed no contamination in excess of current guidelines for unrestricted use. 

Surveys of the original facility and equipment, which still existed, were performed in 1976 

and 1980, both of which identified no residual contamination above natural background 

levels.

Based on the nature of the activity, accompanied with documented discussion of cropping and 

residue collection and removal for material accountability purposes; it is reasonable to 

assume that there was a low potential for widespread or significant contamination. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Preliminary Survey of Bethlehem Steel, March 1980

• Survey of Rolling Mill Used by Bethlehem Steel Corporation, September 1980

• Investigation Report: Uranium Metal Rolling, 10” Bar Mill, June 1976

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 40 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Birdsboro Steel and Foundry 

Birdsboro, Pennsylvania

TIME PERIOD: 1951-1952

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In 1951, eight assorted uranium billets weighing a total of 346 pounds, originating at 

Birdsboro, were received by the AEC's Lake Ontario Ordnance Works. 

In 1952, Birdsboro received 11.5 pounds of uranium wafers for processing. 

DISCUSSION:

Documentation is fairly descriptive with respect to material types handled. There is no 

expectation that significant residual contamination existed after cessation of any handling 

and/or activities. This is also supported by the limited quantities suspected and/or referenced 

as having been handled.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Monthly Progress Reports for 1951 and 1952

• Memo Smith to King February 1, 1952

• FUSRAP Elimination Recommendation

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 41 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Bliss and Laughlin Steel 

Buffalo, New York 

ALSO KNOWN AS: B & L Steel

Niagara Cold Drawn

TIME PERIOD: 1951-1952; Residual Radiation 1953-1999

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Under contract to the National Lead Company of Ohio (Fernald), Bliss and Laughlin Steel 

rolled uranium rods for the AEC and also provided uranium slug machining services. Bliss 

and Laughlin was part of a complex called the Buffalo Works that fashioned components for 

the early weapons program. The functions were transferred to the Albuquerque South Valley 

Site in 1952. 

Although this site was designated for the Formerly Utilized Site Remediation Action Program 

(FUSRAP) in 1992, no work occurred under this program prior to its transfer to the Army 

Corps of Engineers. 

DISCUSSION:

While activities with radioactive material ended in 1952, a radiological survey performed in 

1992 for FUSRAP purposes, identified residual radioactive materials affixed to overhead and 

floor surfaces. A US Army Corps of Engineers Site Status report states that remediation was 

completed in March of 1999. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Radiological Survey of the Former Bliss and Laughlin Steel Company Facility; June 

1992

• US Army Corps of Engineers Site Status Report

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1953 - 1999
Page 42 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Blockson Chemical Co. (Building 55 and related activities)

Joliet, Illinois 

ALSO KNOWN AS: Blockson Chemical Group

Olin Mathieson

Olin

TIME PERIOD: 1951- June 1960; Residual Radiation 1962-October 2009

 

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Blockson Chemical Company operated a plant which produced uranium from phosphoric 

acid. The AEC contracted with Blockson for the recovery of the uranium, which was 

ultimately used in weapons production. The AEC Uranium production work performed by 

Blockson was conducted in a one-story brick structure known as Building 55. 

This listing is also intended to cover the AEC-funded laboratory, pilot plant and oxidation 

process, which also occurred at Blockson, and was related to the work in Building 55. 

DISCUSSION:

Documentation available for review indicates that large quantities, up to 50,000 pounds per 

year, of uranium intended for AEC purposes were handled and/or processed at this facility 

between 1952 and 1962. However, there is no documentation of radiological surveys having 

been performed during or immediately after cessation of AEC activities. Documentation 

describes a subsequent radiological survey performed for the DOE in 1978, identifying 

uranium contamination in excess of natural background levels within the facility used for 

AEC purposes. Documentation reviewed indicates that significant residual contamination 

from AEC/DOE activities exists outside the covered period. A December 2000 memorandum 

received from the Olin Corporation states that “Operations at the site ceased in 1991 and the 

production buildings were demolished by 1997.”

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• DOE Report (DOE/EV-0005/35 & ANL-OHS/HP-83-103); Radiological Survey of 

Chemicals Group, Olin Corporation (Formerly Blockson Chemical Company) Joliet, 

Illinois, March 27-November 28, 1978; May 1983 Il.07-02

• DOE Letter; Baublitz to Snyder; Subject: Elimination of the Olin Corporation from

FUSRAP consideration; February 27, 1985 IL.07-1.

• Memo from Olin Corporation to Illinois Department of Nuclear Safety, December 21, 

2000

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 43 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

July 1960 - present
Page 44 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Bloomfield Tool Co.

Bloomfield, New Jersey

TIME PERIOD: 1947; 1951

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The facility had a small research contract with the AEC in 1947. In 1951, it did some 

experimental machining of uranium slugs for the AEC. The results were not satisfactory and 

the work was not expanded.

DISCUSSION:

There was no documentation available describing activities involving radioactive material in 

1947.

A memo describes in great detail a one day, June 12, 1951, machining trial. There were a 

number of problems associated with the quality of the machining attempted. The memo went 

on to say that some machining would take place the next day but that the operation should be 

stopped to ensure that the desired quality was met. Based on the process and material 

descriptions and documented oversight, there is a low probability of residual contamination 

after cessation of activities in 1951.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website. 

• AEC Memorandum; Reichard to Files; Visit to Bloomfield Tool Corporation, 

Bloomfield, NJ; June 5, 1951 

• Machining of Uranium Slugs from the Lackawanna Rolled Rods at the Bloomfield 

Tool Company June 21, 1951

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 45 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Bowen Engineering, Inc.

North Branch, New Jersey

TIME PERIOD: May 15-17, 1951

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Bowen Engineering conducted some experimental work at their laboratory in New Jersey on 

uranium compounds during a two-day period in 1951. The tests were to develop a process for 

calcining pitchblende raffinates (transforming liquid or sludge-like wastes into a more solid 

form).

DISCUSSION:

Documentation reviewed contains descriptions of the process and objectives, equipment 

decontamination and radiological release survey results, with no residual contamination 

existing post-operation. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Spray Calcining Tests at Bowen Engineering May 15 and 16, 1951 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 46 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Bridgeport Brass Co.

Adrian, Michigan

ALSO KNOWN AS: Uranium Metals Extrusion Plant 

General Motors, Chevrolet Mfg. Div.

National Distillers and Chemical Corp.

Martin

A.C. Spark Plug

TIME PERIOD: 1954-1961; Residual Radiation 1962-1994

DOE 1995 (remediation)

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

From 1954-1961, the Bridgeport Brass Company performed contract work for the AEC. 

Operations included production of uranium fuel elements for the Hanford and Savannah 

River Plant reactors and developmental extrusion work on thorium and depleted natural and 

slightly enriched uranium. 

After termination of AEC activities in 1961, most of this plant's functions were transferred to 

Reactive Metals, Inc. (RMI) in Ashtabula, Ohio. Bridgeport shipped one large extrusion press 

to RMI and all other equipment was dismantled and scrapped. 

Although this site was designated as part of the Formerly Utilized Site Remediation Action 

Program (FUSRAP) in 1985, the only year in which remediation work took place was in 

1995. This work was performed under the Bechtel National Inc. umbrella contract for DOE 

site environmental remediation.

DISCUSSION:

Available documentation demonstrates that AEC operations ceased in 1961-1962, including 

facility decontamination along with equipment dismantlement and removal from the site. 

However, a radiological survey of the facility, performed for the DOE in 1976 identified 

uranium-contaminated dust and dirt throughout the facility requiring an additional cleanup. A 

subsequent radiological survey of the facility in 1979 identified residual contamination in subfloor and sump areas, with limited potential for personnel exposure.

A verification survey performed in March of 1995 confirmed that all contaminated areas have 

been remediated to radionuclide concentrations and activity levels below the applicable DOE 

guideline limits

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security 

• Independent Radiological Verification Survey Results for Remedial Action Performed 

at the Former Bridgeport Brass Company ORNL/RASA-96/7, August 2002
Page 47 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1962 - 1994
Page 48 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Bridgeport Brass Co., Havens Laboratory

Bridgeport, Connecticut

ALSO KNOWN AS: Reactive Metals, Inc.

Piedmont Manufacturing

TIME PERIOD: 1950; 1952-1962

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Bridgeport Brass, at the Havens Laboratory in Connecticut and in Adrian, Michigan, worked 

to improve the process for extruding uranium. Eventually this work was taken over by 

Reactive Metals, which operated the AEC/DOE extrusion facility in Ashtabula, Ohio. 

Bridgeport cut and stored uranium, and may have been involved in the rolling of uranium. 

Some work of the Havens Laboratory was moved to Seymour, CT, in 1962, to a facility that is 

now owned by Seymour Specialty Wire. 

This listing is intended to cover that portion of the Havens Laboratory known as the 

Housatonic Pilot Plant, which has also been called the Housatonic Avenue Plant.

DISCUSSION:

The FUSRAP elimination report states that the site had been decontaminated to current 

standards after operations ceased in 1962. In 1980 a verification survey was performed and 

found no contamination in excess of unrestricted release guidance which was attributable to 

weapons-related work. These two documents support the decision that the potential for 

significant residual contamination is low after weapons-related work ceased. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Preliminary Radiological Survey of the Former Havens Plant of the Bridgeport Brass 

Company

• FUSRAP Elimination Report Former Bridgeport Brass Company Havens Laboratory

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 49 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Brush Beryllium Co. (Cleveland)

Cleveland, Ohio 

ALSO KNOWN AS: Brush Wellman Co.

Motor Wheel Corp.

Magnesium Reduction

TIME PERIOD: 1942-1943; 1949-1953; Residual Radiation 1944-1948 & 1954-

1977

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The Brush Beryllium Co., Cleveland facility, conducted research on a process for producing 

uranium metal (1942-1943) through magnesium reduction of molten green salt (uranium tetra 

fluoride). The facility later conducted research and development with uranium (1949-1953) 

and extruded thorium billets into slugs which were placed in Hanford production reactors 

(1952-1953). 

DISCUSSION:

This facility involved two buildings, one at Chester Street and the other at Perkins Avenue. 

Based on the nature of the work, there is a reasonable possibility that significant residual 

contamination existed after operations ceased. However, both buildings no longer exist. The 

Chester Street building was demolished in 1946, and since that time has been either a vacant 

field or a parking lot. It is not clear when the Perkins Avenue building was demolished and 

replaced. There is no indication that either facility was decontaminated between 1943 and 

1949. The Perkins Avenue Facility was also demolished but the date is unknown. The 

FUSRAP Elimination Report for the Former Brush Beryllium Company, states that a new 

building was present on the Perkin’s Avenue facility in May of 1977.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security

• DOE Report; FUSRAP Elimination Report for the Former Brush Beryllium Company, 

Cleveland, Ohio; November 14, 1985

• Resurvey Program Brush Beryllium Company, July 1, 1977

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1944 – 1948; 1954-1977
Page 50 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Brush Beryllium Co. (Detroit)

Detroit, Michigan

TIME PERIOD: 1942-1950s

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The Brush Beryllium Company in Detroit, MI, was one of several companies that rolled or 

extruded uranium rods for Hanford reactor fuel in the late 1940s and early 1950s. In 1950, 

Hanford began making rolled uranium rods onsite, but the Atomic Energy Commission 

shifted the rolling work to the Fernald, OH, Feed Materials Production Center and its 

supporting contractors in 1952. A number of private companies, including Brush Beryllium 

Company, contracted with Fernald to provide Hanford with these rolled rods.

DISCUSSION:

Although there were other Brush Beryllium facilities that had documented use of radioactive 

materials, no documentation was available to confirm that the Detroit site ever possessed or 

worked with AWE related radioactive material. This facility may have been a corporate 

office location with no handling of radioactive materials.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 51 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: BWX Technologies (Virginia)

Lynchburg, Virginia

TIME PERIOD: 1959; 1968-1972; 1985-2001; Residual Radiation 1960-

1967;1973-1984; & 2002 – October 2009

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Babcock and Wilcox Company's Nuclear Facilities Plant in Lynchburg, VA, performed work 

for a variety of AEC and DOE projects. Babcock and Wilcox Company's Nuclear Facilities 

Plant in Lynchburg, VA, participated in the AEC's Oxide Pellet Fabrication Program, which 

was managed by the New York Operations Office. Records indicate that shipments of 

enriched uranium were made to and from the Fernald facility during the years 1968-1972. 

The company also recovered highly enriched uranium from weapons scrap received from the 

DOE's Oak Ridge facility between 1985 and 1996. In 1997 the Babcock & Wilcox Company 

facility in Lynchburg, VA became the BWX Technologies facility. From 1998 to 2000, the 

company fulfilled a contract for the recovery of enriched uranium from scrap materials 

containing beryllium. The Lynchburg plant also participated in a DOE-sponsored program 

called Project Sapphire, under which the plant had responsibility from 1995 to 2001 for 

downblending enriched uranium obtained from the government of Kazakhstan.

DISCUSSION:

The documentation available for this evaluation is insufficient to rule out the period between 

1960-1967, or the period after 1972. There was no available documentation describing the 

materials, processes and/or objectives of the enriched uranium shipments between Babcock & 

Wilcox and NLO (Fernald) during the 1968 through 1972 period.

There is no documentation that anything other than routine cleaning was ever performed at 

this facility, as it appears to have remained and is currently operational. Contamination spread 

from AWE related activities is currently not distinguishable from non-related contamination. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1960-1967, 1973-1984, 2002 to present
Page 52 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: C. G. Sargent & Sons

Graniteville, Massachusetts 

TIME PERIOD: 1968

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

C.G. Sargents and Sons Company performed extruder and drying oven tests with thorium for 

National Lead of Ohio (Fernald). It also conducted a uranium sump cake drying test for NLO. 

These were apparently one-time tests.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation reviewed described two separate tests that were performed, both involving 

drying of thorium compounds. One test was performed from February 12 through February 

14, 1968. The other was performed November 18 through November 20, 1968. This 

documentation states that limited quantities of materials were processed and radiological 

monitoring was implemented during the activities. Trip reports for both tests document that 

all contaminated materials were packaged and removed and that all potentially contaminated 

surfaces were decontaminated to background levels immediately following each test. These 

six days of operation are the only periods in which radiation exposure is likely.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Radiological Surveys C.G. Sargent and Sons

• Trip Report CG Sargent's Sons Corporation February 12-14, 1968

• Trip Report CG Sargent's Sons Corporation November 19-20, 1968

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 53 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: C.H. Schnorr 

Springdale, Pennsylvania 

ALSO KNOWN AS: Conviber

Premier Manufacturing

TIME PERIOD: 1943-1951 Residual Radiation 1952-1993; DOE 1994 

(remediation) 

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In 1943, C.H. Schnorr & Company began providing metal fabrication services in support of 

MED operations. C.H. Schnorr machine extruded uranium for the Hanford Pile Project. 

Operations may have continued until 1951 when the building was sold. 

Although this site was designated for the Formerly Utilized Site Remediation Action Program 

(FUSRAP) in 1992, the only year in which remediation work was performed was 1994. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Results of Independent Radiological Verification Survey at the CH Schnoor SiteORNL/RASA/95/1

• DOE Report (OR-FSRD); Certification Docket for the Remedial Action Performed at 

the C.H. Schnorr Site, Springdale, Pennsylvania, in 1994. November 1996. 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1952 - 1993
Page 54 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: C. I. Hayes, Inc.

Cranston, Rhode Island 

TIME PERIOD: January 7-9, 1964

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In 1964, C.I. Hayes Inc., handled uranium metal under subcontract to the National Lead 

Company. The work involved heat-treating uranium in a vacuum furnace in order to test the 

decontamination and health and safety aspects of this work.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation was available describing the three-day process, which occurred from January 

7 to January 9, 1954. It describes the process, material handled, radiological controls and 

monitoring, equipment and area decontamination, as well as removal of materials and wastes 

generated during the process, and demonstrates that no residual contamination was likely to 

have existed post-operation.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Trip Report to C.I. Hayes January 7-9, 1964

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 55 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: California Research Corp.

Richmond, California 

TIME PERIOD: 1948-1949

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Using small amounts of plutonium and uranium, the California Research Corp. performed 

experiments to investigate the use of continuous chelation as a means of separating plutonium 

and zirconium from uranium. The California Research Corp. performed the work as a 

subcontractor to the Kellex Corporation which was under contract to the AEC to investigate 

waste recovery methods.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation demonstrates that limited quantities of material were handled under laboratory 

conditions and controls, implementing personnel and area monitoring, material accountability 

and equipment decontamination.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• US AEC memo Regarding Quantities of Radioactive Material

• Memo: Visit to California Research Corp, November 17, 1948

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 56 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Callite Tungsten Co.

Union City, New Jersey

TIME PERIOD: 1944; Residual Radiation 1945- October 2009

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

According to a 1944 document, the Callite Tungsten Co., used its machines to cold roll 

uranium metal rods for the Manhattan Engineer District. 

DISCUSSION:

Available documentation continues to be limited. A single document originating in 1944 

describes activities at the Callite Tungsten Co. in New Jersey involving the “cold rolling of 

uranium”. 

Without documentation describing the activities, amount of materials involved, and/or post 

operations radiological conditions in more detail, it is determined that there exists a potential 

for significant residual contamination beyond the specified period.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1945 - present
Page 57 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Carboloy Co.

Detroit, Michigan 

ALSO KNOWN AS: General Electric Metallurgical Products 

TIME PERIOD: 1956

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In 1956, the Carboloy Co. conducted operations to turn down the outer diameter of uranium 

slugs.

DISCUSSION:

Activities conducted related to weapons development, specifically the downsizing of uranium 

slugs, were performed on June 26-29, 1956. Documents state that the facility was 

decontaminated on the last of the four days. Later in the same year, General Electric applied 

for a Special Nuclear Material License from the AEC, to receive and process uranium dioxide 

for conversion into solid fuel pellets associated with commercial boiling water reactor 

development. General Electric subsequently notified the AEC that commercial applications 

associated with the license had ceased and requested termination of the license in 1958. 

Detailed documentation was available for review demonstrating existence of a comprehensive 

site radiological control program which would have ensured that the weapons development 

work did not lead to residual contamination dispersed amongst commercial-purpose 

contamination. This is further evidenced by a radiological survey performed in 1982 by the 

NRC, verifying the decontamination and removal of equipment, whereupon all radiological 

conditions were at background levels and no residual contamination was identified. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security

• Trip Report to Carboloy Company, June 29, 1956

• US NRC Inspection of Carboloy, June 8, 1982 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation available indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 58 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Carborundum Company

Niagara Falls, New York

ALSO KNOWN AS: N/A

TIME PERIOD: 1943-1944; 1959-1967; Residual Radiation 1945-1958; 1968-

1992

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The Carborundum Company engaged in various phases of a Manhattan Engineer District 

program in 1944 designed to determine suitable methods for shaping and engineering 

uranium rods. This work involved the forming, coating, and canning of uranium rods for the 

pile process. Between 1960 and 1962, the company fabricated plutonium carbide pellets for 

the AEC from materials supplied by Hanford. Carborundum also performed work during the 

1950s that is not covered under EEOICPA, including: fabricating nuclear fuel elements for 

commercial purposes and producing zirconium, hafnium, and titanium for the AEC's special 

reactor materials program.

DISCUSSION:

Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) documentation states that a July 28, 1992 survey of 

the facility indicated that current decommissioning criteria had been met.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• NRC Terminated License Tracking System -license # SNM00214.

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1945 - 1958, 1968 - 1992
Page 59 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Carnegie Institute of Technology

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

ALSO KNOWN AS: Carnegie-Mellon Cyclotron Facility

TIME PERIOD: 1942-1946

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

During the Manhattan Project, Carnegie Institute of Technology was key participant in 

research on the phases of special metals and their alloys. It also worked on the development 

of methods for testing materials of construction and the construction of “necessary 

equipment.” 

DISCUSSION:

This facility may have performed limited research activities during the time frame of 1941 

through 1944, under laboratory controlled conditions. There is no documentation indicating 

that radioactive materials handled for the MED/AEC would have led to residual 

contamination. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Abstracts of Miscellaneous Reports

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 60 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Carpenter Steel Co.

Reading, Pennsylvania 

TIME PERIOD: 1943-1944

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Beginning in 1943, Carpenter Steel Co. was one of the 14 private contractors and vendors 

that produced fuel for the Oak Ridge X-10 pilot plant reactor and the full-scale Hanford 

production reactors. As an alternative to extrusion, the Carpenter Steel Co. of Reading, 

Pennsylvania experimented with rolled uranium rods in July 1944, but these proved to be 

inferior to the extruded product. The metal tended to form laps and seams on the surfaces of 

the rolled bars. Carpenter Steel has since changed its name to Carpenter Technology 

Corporation. 

DISCUSSION:

All available documentation of Carpenter Steel’s indicate that work involved experimental

rolling in 1944. It was noted that the quality of the rods rolled was not as good as that from 

other facilities. In 1981, a radiological survey conducted by Argonne National Lab identified 

several discrete areas of elevated contamination which upon review of additional 

documentation were in inaccessible areas. This initial survey prompted a comprehensive 

radiological survey in 1988 performed by ORNL. A review of this survey demonstrates that 

no residual contamination above background was identified. 

The site was eliminated from the FUSRAP system in 1991, based on the survey results.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Project Memo October 2 1944

• Report (ORNL/RASA-89/3); Results of the Radiological Survey of the Carpenter 

Steel Facility, Reading Pennsylvania; Date of issue - July 1990. 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 61 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: C-B Tool Products Co.

Chicago, Illinois 

TIME PERIOD: 1944

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

For a six month period in 1944, C-B Tool Products Co. had a subcontract with the University 

of Chicago to provide personnel, facilities, and equipment to produce special machining of 

parts for special equipment, tools, jigs, and fixtures to the Met Lab from materials provided 

by the University of Chicago. It is unclear whether the company handled radioactive 

materials.

DISCUSSION:

There is no available documentation to support or substantiate that radioactive materials were 

handled or involved at any time. Additionally, the building that may have served as the 

location for machining or tool development was demolished in the 1940s. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Owner Searches for Potential Sites in Chicago

• FUSRAP Elimination report dated January 31, 1990.

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 62 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Chambersburg Engineering Co.

Chambersburg, Pennsylvania 

TIME PERIOD: March 20-21, 1957

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In March 1957, a series of hot uranium forging tests were conducted at the Chambersburg 

Engineering Co. by the Metallurgical Department of National Lead of Ohio (Fernald). 

Approximately 150 hot uranium slugs were forged into washers on two Chambersburg air 

compressor impactors. 

DISCUSSION:

This activity took place for only two days, March 20 and 21, 1957, including clean-up. 

Documentation reviewed describes the processes, materials handled, equipment and area 

decontamination, recovery of materials as well as safety and health air sampling, all of which 

indicate that the presence of residual radioactive contamination after the operation is unlikely.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Trip Report to Chambersburg Engineering Company March 20 and 21 1957

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation available indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 63 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Chapman Valve 

Indian Orchard, Massachusetts 

ALSO KNOWN AS: Chapman Valve Manufacturing Co.

Crane Co.

TIME PERIOD: 1948-1949; 

Residual Radiation 1950-1994;

DOE -1995 (remediation)

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Chapman Valve supplied valves to the MED and the AEC. In 1948, Chapman Valve 

machined uranium rods into slugs for the Brookhaven National Laboratory. Uranium slugs 

were used as reactor fuel. Chapman may also have conducted rolling operations on uranium 

metal in 1949. 

Bechtel National, Inc., with Interstate Nuclear Services and Thermo Nutech as 

subcontractors, performed remediation in 1995 as part of the Formerly Utilized Site 

Remediation Action Program (FUSRAP) 

DISCUSSION:

Documentation indicates that a radiological survey was performed at this site in 1991 with 

uranium contamination identified on floors, walls and overhead beams. Remediation actions 

were undertaken and a verification survey was completed in 1995 and confirmed that the 

remedial actions were successful in decontaminating the plant to applicable guidelines for 

unrestricted use.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Results of the Independent Radiological Survey at the Former Chapman Valve 

Company; Issued July 1992

• Results of the Independent Radiological Survey at the Former Chapman Valve 

Manufacturing Company; Issued May 1997

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1950 - 1994
Page 64 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Chemical Construction Co.

Linden, New Jersey

ALSO KNOWN AS: Chemico

TIME PERIOD: 1953-1955; Residual Radiation 1956 – October 2009

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The Chemical Construction Co. conducted research and development activities to recover

uranium and other metals from low-grade waste materials. The wastes were generated by

uranium processing operations at the Mallinckrodt facility in St. Louis, Missouri.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation briefly describes the process being researched and developed and it would 

appear that considerable quantities of residues were evaluated for processing but there is no 

documented evidence that these processes were ever employed. In a DOE

Memorandum/Checklist; Young to File dated 12/4/87; the following quote is extracted 

“Absence of any record of radiological characterization of the property and the volume of 

material processed suggest that their may be potential for residual contamination. However 

insufficient info has been found to justify further consideration under FUSRAP.” 

Subsequently, in 1995, it appears that this site was removed from FUSRAP as DOE found 

they had no authority to perform remediation.

Based on the uncertainties associated with this site, coupled with determinations documented 

by DOE through internal reviews it is determined that this site has a potential for significant 

residual contamination outside the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• DOE Letter; Wagoner to Gregorio; No Authority to Perform Remedial Action at the 

Former Linden Pilot Plant of the Chemical Construction Company; February 17, 

1995.

Based on the uncertainties associated with this site, coupled with determinations documented 

by DOE through internal reviews it is determined that this site has a potential for significant 

residual contamination outside the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1956 - present
Page 65 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Cincinnati Milling Machine Co.

Cincinnati, Ohio

ALSO KNOWN AS: Cincinnati Milacron, Inc.

TIME PERIOD: September 17, 1963

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The Cincinnati Milling Machine Co. built electro-chemical machining units. In September 

1963, the company tested the feasibility of electro-chemical machining of uranium. Eight 

normal uranium solid cylinders 1-inch in diameter and 1-inch long (approximately 14 

pounds) were used in the test. 

DISCUSSION:

This was a one day activity that took place on September 17, 1963. Documentation reviewed 

describes the processes, material handled, radiological controls, monitoring, equipment 

decontamination and removal of materials and waste. This activity was limited in scope and a 

post-operation survey identified no residual radioactivity above background levels.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Trip Report to Cincinnati Milling Machine Company, Cincinnati, OH on September 

17, 1963

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation available indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 66 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Colonie Site (National Lead)

Colonie (Albany), New York 

ALSO KNOWN AS: Colonie Interim Storage Site

National Lead Co., Albany, NY

National Lead Co.-Nuclear Division

NL Industries-Nuclear Division

TIME PERIOD: 1958-1968; Residual Radiation 1969-1983, 1999 – October 

2009; DOE 1984-1998

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

From 1958-1968, National Lead Industries owned and operated the Colonie site and during 

this time it produced uranium products under contract to the AEC. This contract was 

terminated in 1968. Thereafter, National Lead fabricated various products from depleted 

uranium. The largest customer for these products was the U.S. Department of Defense with its 

contract for armor penetrator cores. While the AEC was still a customer during these years, 

the uranium work was for reactors and not weapons based. Therefore, because this work did 

not constitute “producing or processing material used in a nuclear weapon”, it is not eligible 

for coverage under the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act. 

In 1984 ownership of the property transferred to the Department of Energy and from 1984 to 

late 1997 Bechtel National Inc. served as DOE’s contractor at the site. In 1998 the Corps of 

Engineers took the program over as part of the transfer from DOE to the Corps of the 

Formerly Utilized Site Remediation Action Program (FUSRAP). 

DISCUSSION:

Activities involving radioactive materials began in 1958 and were conducted through 1984, at 

which time the property was transferred to the federal government and cleanup under 

FUSRAP was initiated.

A United States Army Corps of Engineer FUSRAP fact sheet for the Colonie site anticipated 

that remedial action would be complete in FY 2008. There was no documentation available 

indicating that remediation had been completed.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• US ACE Fact Sheet FUSRAP Colonie Interim Storage Site November 2007

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1969 – 1983; 1999 - present
Page 67 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Combustion Engineering

Windsor, Connecticut 

ALSO KNOWN AS: Asea Brown Boveri

TIME PERIOD: 1965-1972; Residual Radiation 1973-October 2009

FACILITY DESCRIPTION

Combustion Engineering (CE) sent shipments of uranium to Fernald between 1965 and 1972 

for use in the nuclear weapons production process. It is because of these shipments that this 

site qualifies as an Atomic Weapons Employer for these years. Combustion Engineering 

performed substantial work for the Atomic Energy Commission in other years as well, but this 

work is not covered under EEOICPA because it was either non-nuclear or was not related to 

weapons production. Starting in the 1940s, this initial work at the site involved non-nuclear 

components. In 1955, CE began to use highly enriched uranium for its work in supporting the 

Naval Reactors Program. In the 1960s, CE obtained a license to fabricate fuel elements for 

power reactors. 

Although this site was designated as part of the Formerly Utilized Site Remediation Action 

Program (FUSRAP) in 1994, no work under this program was ever performed on site.

DISCUSSION:

Radiological surveys conducted for DOE confirmed the presence of residual contamination 

and led to subsequent FUSRAP cleanup activities in 1986. A survey completed in 1993 

identified elevated contamination levels. An Army Corps of Engineers Update report 

indicated that the site was still undergoing remediation as of June 30, 2008.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• DOE Report (ORAU 89/E-93); Follow-up Confirmatory Radiological Survey of the 

Drum Storage Area Combustion Engineering Property Windsor Connecticut; May 

1989.

• DOE Report (ORISE 94/D63); Designation Survey Combustion Engineering Site 

Windsor, Connecticut; April 1994.

• US ACE Update Report for Connecticut June 30, 2008

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1973 - present
Page 68 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Copperweld Steel 

Warren, Ohio 

TIME PERIOD: 1943-1946

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The Copperweld Steel Company of Warren, Ohio, straightened and outgassed a large number 

of uranium rods for the Hanford and Oak Ridge reactors between May and August of 1943.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation reviewed includes process and material descriptions which, when coupled 

with the radiological characterization survey results gathered by ORNL in 1990, indicates that 

the presence of residual radioactive contamination post-operations is unlikely. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• DOE Letter; A. Williams to F. Iannizzara; Subject: Summary of Radiological Survey 

Results and Site Elimination Information; April 5, 1991.

• DOE/Oak Ridge National Laboratory Survey; R Foley and L. Floyd; Subject: 

Preliminary Site Survey at the Copperweld Steel Co. 4000 Mahoning Avenue, NW, 

Warren, Oh (CWO 001); ID# ORNL/RASA-90/2; December 1990.

• Trip Report Visit to Copperweld Steel September 17, 1943

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 69 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Crane Co.

Chicago, Illinois 

TIME PERIOD: 1947-1949

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Crane Co. supplied the AEC with uranium and thorium in the 1940s (and perhaps in the 

1950s) and likely used materials containing uranium in manufacturing valves for the AEC. At 

the completion of one project in 1949, 1,000 pounds of contaminated wastes, including 346 

grams of uranium, were shipped from Crane to Oak Ridge. In 1949, Crane also shipped 265 

kg of normal uranium to Hanford. In 1954, records indicate government interest in 

purchasing more uranium and thorium from Crane, but this work has not been verified. 

DISCUSSION:

Documentation reviewed indicates that the facility was decontaminated at the end of 

operations to acceptable levels.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Final Health Physics Survey of the Corrosion Test Area of the Crane Company, dated 

Sept. 26, 1949, from A.L. Baietti to Dr. J.R. Martin.

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 70 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Crucible Steel Co.

Syracuse, New York

TIME PERIOD: 1951; Residual Radiation 1952-October 2009 

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In 1951, New York Operations office personnel performed a test forging and rolling of 10 

thorium billets at Crucible Steel Co. 

DISCUSSION:

Documentation reviewed during this evaluation is limited, but what has been available for 

review indicates that anticipated production of thorium slugs from billet stock may have 

extended past the 1951 date. 

No new information or documentation has been found and what is available is void of any 

radiological characterization data.

With the absence of adequate information, the resulting determination is that this site does 

pose a potential for residual contamination outside the period in which weapons-related 

production occurred.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1952 - present
Page 71 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Dorr Corp.

Stamford, Connecticut 

ALSO KNOWN AS: Dorr-Oliver Corp.

TIME PERIOD: 1954; 1963; Residual Radiation 1955-1962; 1964-1969

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The Dorr Corp. conducted waste-handling tests on low-level radioactive material (ammonium 

diuranate). This work was done as a subcontractor to National Lead of Ohio (Fernald). 

National Lead personnel monitored the tests and took air quality samples.

DISCUSSION:

The radiological status of the facility after operations conducted in 1954 and 1963 are not 

known, however available documentation indicates additional work was conducted in 1969. 

At the end of these 1969 activities a radiological survey identified uranium dust throughout 

the facility. It cannot be discerned whether this contamination was a result of the 1969 

activities or existed from prior activities. A subsequent cleanup was performed in 1969. 

Follow-up surveys identified no further contamination.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• US NRC Letter; R. Bellamy to J. Russo; Subject: NRC Safety Inspection and License 

File Review; May 15, 1996, and attached Inspection Report No. 040-07964/96-001 

approved May 8, 1996. 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1955 -1962, 1964 - 1969
Page 72 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: DOW Chemical Company (Madison Site)

Madison, Illinois

ALSO KNOWN AS: Madison Site (Spectrulite) 

Spectrulite Consortium, Inc. 

Consolidated Aluminum

TIME PERIOD: 1957-1960, Residual Radiation 1961- 2007

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The Dow facility in Madison, Illinois, supplied the AEC with materials (chemicals, induction 

heating equipment, and metal magnesium metal products) and services. Dow received a 

purchase order from Mallinckrodt in March 1960, for research and development on the 

extrusion of uranium metal and rod. 

Dow sold this facility in 1969 to Consolidated Aluminum, which continued to operate the 

facility from 1969 through 1986. However, during the period of 1969-1986, the operations 

were of a purely commercial nature and did not involve AEC or Department of Energy 

contracts. Spectrulite subsequently purchased the plant from Consolidated Aluminum. 

Although this site was designated as part of the Formerly Utilized Site Remediation Action 

Program (FUSRAP) in 1992, no remediation work ever took place under the DOE FUSRAP 

program prior to that program being transferred to the Army Corps of Engineers in 1997.

DISCUSSION:

A radiological survey was performed in 1989 by ORNL for the DOE which identified residual 

contamination approximately thirty years after the period in which weapons-related 

production occurred, which subsequently led to FUSRAP activities.

The Department of Energy recently declared that the thorium alloy made at the facility was 

weapons-related. The thorium remediation was completed in November of 2007 as 

documented in the Pangea Group’ s Project Closure Report for the Spectrulite Consortium 

Inc. Madison, IL Facility issued in February of 2008.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• ORNL Report (ORNL/TM-11552); Preliminary Results of the Radiological Survey at 

the Former Dow Chemical Company Site, Madison, IL; Issued December 1990.

• Project Closure Report for the Spectrulite Consortium Inc. Madison, IL Facility issued 

in February of 2008 
Page 73 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1961 - 2007
Page 74 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Dow Chemical Co.

Walnut Creek, California 

ALSO KNOWN AS: Pittsburg, California

TIME PERIOD: 1947-1957

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The Dow operation involved process studies and experimental investigations on different 

uranium ores and thorium-bearing ores, including pilot-scale solvent extraction of uranium 

from phosphoric acid.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation identifies the activities as research and investigative studies conducted under 

laboratory conditions and controls. A radiological survey in 1976 identified no fixed or 

removable contamination above background. A radiological survey performed in 1977

identified overall contamination levels no higher than natural background levels, with the 

exception of relatively low levels of fixed activity discovered in a fume hood, which was 

subsequently decontaminated and removed. The presence of this contamination posed little, 

if any, potential for personnel exposure and is not deemed to be significant.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Survey of Dow Chemical Company December 1977

• Survey of Dow Chemical Company October 1976

• FUSRAP Elimination Report for Dow Chemical Co

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 75 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: DuPont Deepwater Works

Deepwater, New Jersey 

ALSO KNOWN AS: Chambers Chemical and Dye Works

E.I. Du Pont de Nemours and Co.

Dyeworks-Carneys Point

Deepwater Dyeworks

TIME PERIOD: 1942-1949; Residual Radiation 1950-1995; 1997-October 2009; 

DOE 1996 (remediation)

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In the 1940s, E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Company (DuPont) produced uranium products and 

conducted research on uranium hexafluoride. These activities were conducted first for the 

U.S. Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD), and later under contract to the 

Manhattan Engineer District (MED) and the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC). DuPont also 

developed processes to convert uranium dioxide to uranium hexafluoride, and produced 

uranium oxide and uranium metal which was used to fuel the CP-1 reactor at the University 

of Chicago. After completion of these activities, the AEC conducted limited decontamination 

and released the site to DuPont for reuse. DuPont currently operates a chemical plant at this 

site. 

Although DuPont Deepwater Works was designated as part of the Department of Energy's 

Formerly Utilized Site Remediation Action Program (FUSRAP) in 1980, the only year in 

which actual remediation was performed under contract to the DOE was 1996. There was 

decontamination performed in 1997, but this did not involve the Department of Energy.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation reviewed clearly establishes the period of MED/AEC operations as beginning 

in 1942 and ending in or around 1949, at which time decontamination activities were 

performed and the buildings were released back to DuPont. Radiological surveys of the 

properties, performed for the DOE in 1977 and 1983 identified elevated concentrations of 

uranium in surface and subsurface soils, building rubble areas and structures. These findings 

of residual contamination led to the subsequent FUSRAP clean-up actions. The potential for 

residual radioactive contamination exists between cessation of operations in 1949 and 

initiation of FUSRAP actions, as well as, during operations. Information found on the US 

Army Corps of Engineers’ FUSRAP website indicates that remediation was presently ongoing as late as May of 2008. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• FUSRAP Dupont Deepwater Works Fact Sheet May 2008
Page 76 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1950 – 1995; 1997 to present
Page 77 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Dupont-Grasselli Research Laboratory

Cleveland, Ohio 

ALSO KNOWN AS: Standard Oil of Ohio

TIME PERIOD: 1943-1945

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The Grasselli Laboratory participated in the development of the slug canning and coating 

processes for the Hanford site. 

DISCUSSION:

Documentation reviewed contains detailed descriptions of materials handled and processes 

being tested, both of which indicate a low potential for dispersion of contamination. No 

documentation of a radiological survey from the end of operations is known to exist. 

However, a radiological survey was performed in 1976 for the DOE which identified no 

radioactivity above background levels. This survey data and available process descriptions 

are adequate to determine that no significant residual contamination existed at the end of 

operations. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• FUSRAP Elimination Report for the Former DuPont Grasselli Research Lab, Nov 14, 

1985

• Visit to Grasselli Chemical Company, October 12, 1943 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 78 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Edgerton Germeshausen & Grier, Inc.

Boston, Massachusetts 

TIME PERIOD: 1950-1953

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

EG&G was under contract to the AEC during the period from 1950-1953 for "research and 

development and manufacturing incident to the installation of scientific test instrumentation 

at AEC test sites; design, manufacture, test, maintenance of operations systems, weapons 

systems; and participation in weapons test evaluation." It is unclear from the documentation 

whether any radioactive materials were handled at the Boston location.

DISCUSSION:

It is evident that radioactive materials were handled at this site. The documentation reviewed 

does not confirm or substantiate that weapons-related radioactive materials were handled or 

involved at any time during 1950-1953. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Memorandum on Precautions to be Observed in the Handling of M-26 GAPS, October 

22, 1948

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 79 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Electro Circuits, Inc.

Pasadena, California 

TIME PERIOD: 1952-1953

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Electro Circuits used uranium metal (approximately 300 lbs.) to conduct tests aimed at 

determining the usefulness of ultrasonics in the detection of pipe in ingots.

DISCUSSION:

The documentation reviewed indicates that this work was completed on December 8, 9 and 10

of 1952. The FUSRAP elimination report states that this material was not returned until 1956. 

Based on the material form (metal) and the process of non-destructive inspection, there is 

little potential for residual radioactivity after the operations were completed and the material 

was returned to the custody of the AEC. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Ultra Sonic Ingot Tests, November 26, 1952

• FUSRAP Elimination Report

• Ingot Samples for Electro Circuits Corp December 2, 1952

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation available indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 80 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: ERA Tool and Engineering Co. 

Chicago, Illinois 

ALSO KNOWN AS: Audio-Tex, Inc.

TIME PERIOD: 1944

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

From February 1944 through June 1944, ERA Tool and Engineering Company contracted 

with the University of Chicago to supply services and supplies to the Met Lab, specifically to 

provide necessary personnel, facilities, and equipment required to produce special machining 

of parts for special equipment, tools, jigs, fixtures, etc. from materials furnished by the 

University. It is unclear from the records whether ERA handled radioactive materials as part 

of its work.

DISCUSSION:

It is reasonable to assume that, if in fact radioactive materials were handled, they would have 

been of a limited quantity presenting little potential for residual contamination. This 

assumption is further supported through a radiological survey performed in 1989, which 

identified no radioactivity above background levels. A contract between ERA tool and the 

University of Chicago was executed on February 20, 1944 and terminated on June 30, 1944.

There is no definitive information of radioactive material being used or handled during this 

period.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Notice of Termination of Subcontract

• Radiological Survey at 4555 West Addison Street

• FUSRAP Elimination Report Former ERA Tool and Engineering Company 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation available indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 81 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Extruded Metals Co.

Grand Rapids, Michigan

TIME PERIOD: 1944

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

A November 7, 1944 document indicates that Extruded Metals participated in work related to 

metal fabrication for the Manhattan Project.

DISCUSSION:

The document which includes the Extruded Metals Company describes the need for the 

availability of fabrication and physical studies for a variety of metal alloys including 

radioactive and non-radioactive metals. This site does not appear in the Formerly Utilized 

Sites Remedial Action Program’s list of considered sites indicating that the likelihood of 

handling radioactive material at the facility is low. There was no other documentation 

identified indicating that the Extruded Metals Company processed or handled radioactive 

material.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Memo-Methods and Materials Section November 7, 1944

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation available indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 82 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Fenn Machinery Co.

Hartford, Connecticut

TIME PERIOD: 1950

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Fenn conducted swaging tests on uranium rods to determine if the process could be used to 

produce properly shaped rods for Hanford’s production reactors. Two tests, each lasting less 

than one day, were conducted in June 1950. 

DISCUSSION:

Documents reviewed indicate that these tests were of limited duration and involved limited 

material. In addition, documentation was reviewed showing that air monitoring was 

performed during the test. These together indicate that there is little likelihood of

contamination after the tests.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Swaging of Uranium Rods April 12, 1950

• Initial Swaging Test at Fenn Machinery on June 1, 1950

• Second Swaging Test at Fenn Machinery on June 5, 1950

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 83 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Fenwal, Inc.

Ashland, Massachusetts

ALSO KNOWN AS: Kidde-Fenwal

TIME PERIOD: 1967-1968

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In 1967 and 1968, National Lead of Ohio (Fernald) asked Fenwal to conduct tests aimed at 

determining the capabilities of Fenwal's fire extinguishing equipment for suppressing fires 

originating in uranium contaminated magnesium. The tests were conducted at Fenwal 

facilities and involved small amounts of uranium. Some Fenwal employees later traveled to 

Fernald to service fire suppression equipment.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation exists indicating that airborne radioactivity and surface contamination surveys 

were performed during the operation and resulted in very low radiological hazards. In 

addition, decontamination was performed and all material was returned to the NLO (Fernald) 

site.

This was a small-scale operation performed with a well-defined small amount of radioactive 

material.

The operation was well-defined and posed minimal radiological risks during the operation. 

Documentation exists indicating that monitoring and decontamination was performed.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in performing this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Radiation Protection Services February 15, 1968

• Trip Report to Fenwal Inc February 9, 1968

• Trip Report to Fenwal Inc November 15 and 16, 1967

• NLO Memo July 3, 1967

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 84 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Foote Mineral Co.

East Whiteland Twp., Pennsylvania

ALSO KNOWN AS: Exton Cyrus Foote Mineral Co.

Formil

Shieldalloy Metallurgical

Cyprus Foote Mineral Company

TIME PERIOD: 1942-1948; Residual Radiation 1949-October 2009 

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Foote Mineral had a pilot plant at its East Whiteland Township location which processed 

monazite sands. Monazite sands are known to have a very high thorium content. Because the 

AEC needed fairly large quantities of thorium, they were very interested in different methods 

of extracting it from monazite sands. 

Other work performed by Foote Mineral on behalf of the Atomic Energy Commission, 

including their work with zirconium, is not covered under EEOICPA. 

Foote Mineral Company was also a major importer of beryl ore from Brazil. Under contract 

to the Atomic Energy Commission, Foote Mineral Company procured 500 tons of beryl ore in 

1947.

DISCUSSION:

In 2003 the USEPA initial cleanup approach was retracted due to the discovery of low level 

radioactive contamination in some onsite soils, which was investigated and confirmed as a 

result of the prior residual contamination determination. As of June 2008 remediation had not 

been completed.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in performing this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• USEPA Current Site Information Sheet on the Foote Mineral Company updated June 

2008.

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1949 - present
Page 85 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Gardinier, Inc.

Tampa, Florida

ALSO KNOWN AS: U.S. Phosphoric Plant Uranium Recovery Unit 

Cargill Fertilizer, Inc.

TIME PERIOD: 1951-1954; 1956-1961; Residual Radiation 1955; 1962-October 

2009

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Under contract to the AEC, Gardinier (under the name U.S. Phosphoric Products) operated a 

pilot plant from 1951 to 1954 which recovered uranium from phosphoric acid. From 1956 to 

1961, it produced uranium by recovery of U3O8 from phosphoric acid. Maximum production 

was 60 tons of uranium concentrate per year. The uranium was ultimately used in weapons 

production.

DISCUSSION:

Following a site visit in April 1977, ORNL personnel performed a complete radiological 

survey of the site from December 14-19, 1977. The final report stated that the contamination 

at this site has been identified as uranium and radium in concentrations exceeding NRC 

guidelines for the release of property for unrestricted use at some points inside the process 

building and in the outdoor area near the process building and pilot operations building. 

Radioactive material other than that used for weapons production was processed during or 

after the time of DOE contracts and exposure to workers in that facility cannot be clearly 

attributed to either DOE or non-DOE sources. 

Documentation reviewed confirms the presence of residual contamination outside of the 

period in which weapons-related production occurred, which is indistinguishable from nonrelated residual contamination. The facility, affected areas and conditions appear to still 

remain. USDOE documentation indicates that the state of Florida was notified of the 

conditions, actions taken are unknown.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in performing this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• ORNL Survey (DOE/EV-0005/21); Radiological Survey of the Former Uranium 

Recovery Pilot and Process Sites; Gardinier, Incorporated; Tampa, Florida; March 

1981 FL.05-2

• DOE Letter; Wagoner to Freedman; No Authority Determination; November 8, 1994 

FL.05-8. 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 86 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1955, 1962-present
Page 87 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: General Atomics

La Jolla, California

ALSO KNOWN AS: GA

Division of General Dynamics

John Jay Hopkins Laboratory for Pure and Applied Science

TIME PERIOD: 1960-1969;

Residual Radiation 1970 – 1995, 2000;

DOE 1996-1999 (remediation)

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

General Atomics was one of a number of private contractors that processed unirradiated 

scrap for the AEC in the 1960s. In addition, the Hot Cell Facility was used for numerous 

post-irradiation examinations of Department fuels, structural materials, reactor dosimetry 

materials, and instrumentation. The Department-sponsored activities at the General Atomics 

Hot Cell Facility primarily supported the High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor and the 

Reduced-Enrichment Research Test Reactor programs. In December 1994, General Atomics 

notified the NRC and the State of California Department of Health Services of its intent to 

cease operations in the Hot Cell Facility.

General Atomics was also the operating contractor for the AEC's Experimental Beryllium 

Oxide Reactor (EBOR) at Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. General Atomics 

manufactured EBOR fuel elements (UO2-BeO) on site and examined them in the site's hot cell. 

DISCUSSION:

A final closeout survey of the facility was conducted by ORNL in March of 2000, and the site 

was released for unrestricted use.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation include:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website.

• Verification Survey of the Hot Cell Facility Site General Atomics, June 2000

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1970 – 1995; 2000
Page 88 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: General Electric Plant (Indiana)

Shelbyville, Indiana

TIME PERIOD: 1956

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In 1956, this facility handled thorium metal under subcontract to National Lead of Ohio

(Fernald). The work, which involved 500 pounds of thorium, was a test of compacting and 

shaping techniques using General Electric’s equipment.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation exists which shows that the facility was effectively decontaminated 

immediately after the DOE work was completed.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in performing this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Trip Report to General Electric Plant at Shelbyville IN on June 25 and 26, 1956

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 89 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: General Electric Vallecitos

Pleasanton, California

TIME PERIOD: 1958-1978; 1981-1982; Res. Rad. 1979-1980; 1983-1997; DOE 

1998-present (remediation) 

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In 1958, General Electric Vallecitos constructed four hot cells for post irradiation 

examination of uranium fuel and irradiated reactor components. The U.S. Government's 

involvement (through the AEC and later, the DOE) was limited to a single hot cell, Hot Cell 

No. 4. Between 1965 and 1967, Hot Cell No. 4 was decontaminated, equipped with a stainless 

steel liner to contain plutonium, and dedicated to the study of mixed oxide fuel rods in support 

of the AEC’s fast breeder reactor development programs. In 1978, Hot Cell No. 4 was placed 

on standby; it was used by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for six months in 1981

and 1982.

DISCUSSION:

According to the Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management website, the 

General Electric Vallecitos Nuclear Center is scheduled to be completed in 2008. There were 

no documents available stating that the remediation was complete. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• DOE EM General Electric Vallecitos Nuclear Center

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1979 –1980, 1983-1997
Page 90 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: General Electric X-Ray Division

Milwaukee, Wisconsin 

TIME PERIOD: 1956-1966; Residual Radiation 1967-October 2009 

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

General Electric’s X-Ray Division performed research and development work which 

supported its activities as contractor for the Pinellas Site in Florida. This work included the 

operation of a small pilot plant in Milwaukee. Sandia National Laboratory managed the GE 

X-ray division contract as part of the nuclear weapons program. The work in Milwaukee 

continued until 1966 when these activities were transferred to Pinellas and the staff relocated 

accordingly.

DISCUSSION:

Because there is no information available describing the activities at this facility, or whether 

or not it was decontaminated, the assumption is made that contamination still exists at the site.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1967 - present
Page 91 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: General Steel Industries

Granite City, Illinois

ALSO KNOWN AS: Old Betatron Building

General Steel Castings

TIME PERIOD: 1953-1966; 

Residual Radiation 1967-1992;

DOE 1993 (remediation)

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

From 1953 through 1966, General Steel Castings/Industries performed quality control work 

for the AEC. Specifically, it x-rayed uranium ingots and betatron slices to detect metallurgical 

flaws for Mallinckrodt Chemical Company. This work was performed in a facility located at 

1417 State Street, which was part of what was later known as the "South Plant" of Granite 

City Steel. This listing is intended to cover only the South Plant, identified by the State Street 

address, and not any other facility that may have been owned by Granite City Steel prior to or 

after its purchase of the General Steel Industries facility in the early 1970s. For example, this 

listing does not cover Granite City Steel facilities on Madison or 20th Street.

DISCUSSION:

No documentation reviewed indicated that the facility was adequately decontaminated after 

DOE work was discontinued in 1966. Survey results showed small amounts of residual 

radioactivity in excess of federal guidelines remained in several areas of the x-ray building. 

The residual radioactive material at the site was likely the result of operations, such as the 

rubbing off of oxidized uranium during handling. DOE cleanup of the site was completed in 

June 1993.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in performing this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Certification Docket for the Remedial Action Performed at the Granite City Site, June 

1993

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1967 - 1992
Page 92 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Great Lakes Carbon Corp.

Chicago, Illinois

TIME PERIOD: 1952-1958

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In 1952, the Great Lakes Carbon Corp. studied graphite for the Atomic Energy Commission 

and in 1958 it did some Transient Reactor Test Facility (TREAT) fuel work for Argonne 

National Laboratory (ANL). As part of the contract, ANL agreed to decontaminate the facility 

used. It handled radioactive uranium and radioactive thorium under AEC contract.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation exists which shows that the facility was effectively decontaminated 

immediately after the DOE work was completed (September 12, 1958).

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in performing this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Report on Decontamination of Great Lakes Carbon Corporation following Completion 

of Treat Fuel Fabrication

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 93 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Gruen Watch

Norwood, Ohio

ALSO KNOWN AS: Gruen Watch Co., Time Hall

TIME PERIOD: 1956

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The Gruen Watch Co. conducted cold shaving and stamping and hot stamping washer tests 

for National Lead Company of Ohio (Fernald) in May and June 1956. The tests involved 

shaving and stamping uranium washers on a 60-ton mechanical press and stamping washers 

from strips of uranium heated in a salt bath. Only small quantities of radioactive materials 

were handled.

DISCUSSION:

A radiological survey was performed during this activity which was reported as lasting 26 

minutes on June 14, 1956. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in performing this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Radiological Survey During Washer Stamping

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 94 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME GSA 39th Street Warehouse 

Chicago, Illinois

ALSO KNOWN AS: Resco Air Conditioning and Heating Co.

TIME PERIOD: 1942-1949

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The 39th Street Warehouse was occupied by the Metallurgical Laboratory and Argonne 

National Laboratory until approximately 1949. Activities in the building included the storage 

of radioactive materials.

DISCUSSION:

A radiological survey of this property, including soil surface, sheds, and loading platforms in 

the rear yard, was completed on July 7, 1949. After decontamination, the building and 

grounds were determined to be below acceptable levels. ANL re-surveyed the site from July 

11-14, 1977, and found no radioactivity above natural background.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in performing this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• FUSRAP Radiological Survey of the Former GSA 39th Street Warehouse January 

1979

• Final Survey of the 39th Street Warehouse July 19, 1949

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 95 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Harshaw Chemical Co.

Cleveland, Ohio

ALSO KNOWN AS: Harshaw Filtrol Partners

Uranium Refinery

TIME PERIOD: 1942-1955

Residual Radiation 1956-October 2009

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Harshaw Chemical Co. of Cleveland, Ohio refined black oxide and sodium diuranate to 

orange oxide and then to brown oxide for the Manhattan Project during World War II. The 

final result was a "green salt," which the Manhattan Project used to produce uranium 

hexafluoride for enrichment into weapons-grade fuel for nuclear weapons at the gaseous 

diffusion plants. Harshaw also produced uranium hexafluoride during the war. This 

production activity was expanded in 1947. Harshaw production was reduced in 1951, and by 

May of 1953 the green salt plant was dismantled and the hexafluoride plant was placed on 

standby. The contract for removal of AEC equipment continued until September 30, 1955.This 

designation is limited to the Harshaw facility located at 1000 Harvard Avenue, Cleveland and 

generally referred to as the Harvard-Denison plant.. 

DISCUSSION:

Available documentation indicates that Harshaw Chemical Co. provided significant quantities 

of uranium, in various chemical forms, to the MED/AEC during the period of 1942 through 

1955. There is also documentation that radiological decontamination of the area and 

equipment was undertaken, potentially as late as 1960. However, subsequent radiological 

surveys performed in 1976 through 1979 for the DOE, and then again in 1984, identified 

widespread uranium contamination that could be attributed to MED/AEC activities. 

Widespread contamination was identified by Argonne in 1976-79, particularly in "Plant C," 

the building that was used for AEC/MED activities. 

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is AWE related residual contamination outside 

of the period. This facility is currently undergoing a FUSRAP cleanup. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• DOE Report (DOE/EV-0005/48 and ANL-OHS/HP-84-104); Formerly Utilized 

MED/AEC Sites Remedial Action Program, Radiological Survey of the Harshaw 

Chemical Company, Cleveland, Ohio; April 1984 OH.04-2

• USACE Harshaw Site, Missions status sheet.
Page 96 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1956 - present
Page 97 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Heald Machine Co.

Worcester, Massachusetts

TIME PERIOD: May 16–20, 1960

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

National Lead of Ohio (Fernald) conducted tests on a drilling machine at the Heald facility. 

The tests involved drilling a few uranium slugs on the machine which Fernald intended to 

purchase.

DISCUSSION:

This activity took place from May 16 to May 20, 1960. Existing documentation shows that 

contamination surveys and decontamination were conducted immediately after the DOE work 

was completed.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in performing this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Trip Report to Heald Machine Company

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 98 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Heppenstall Co.

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

ALSO KNOWN AS: Tippins Inc.

TIME PERIOD: 1955; Residual Radiation 1956-1989 

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Under contract to the Mallinckrodt Chemical Co., the site was used to heat, press and water 

quench uranium "dingots". Approximately 100,000 pounds of normal uranium metal was 

shaped at Heppenstall over about a 6-month period. Records indicate that the forging was 

done on a 1000 ton press on a schedule of two days per month by a Heppenstall crew of eight 

men.

DISCUSSION:

Although the work dates are well-documented in the existing documentation, there is no

documentation indicating that the facility was adequately decontaminated after DOE work 

was discontinued. There are indications that HASL may have performed radiological surveys 

during the operations. Documentation related to the radiological conditions at the end of 

operations has not been located. 

A subsequent radiological survey was performed and documented in 1989, for the DOE, 

identifying no residual contamination. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in performing this evaluation included:

• DOE Worker Advocacy Website

• Oak Ridge National Laboratory Report (ORNL/RASA-89/19); "Results of the 

Radiological Survey at the Former Heppenstall Company site, 4620 Hatfield Street, 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"; Issued January 1991.

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1956 -1989
Page 99 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Herring-Hall-Marvin Safe Co.

Hamilton, Ohio

ALSO KNOWN AS: Diebold Safe Co.

TIME PERIOD: 1943-1951

Residual Radiation 1952-1993; 

DOE (remediation) 1994-1995

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Intermittently from 1943 to 1951, the Herring-Hall-Marvin Safe Co. machined natural 

uranium metal slugs from rolled stock under subcontract to DuPont and the University of 

Chicago.

DISCUSSION:

There is no documentation which indicates that the facility was adequately decontaminated 

after work was discontinued. However, there is documentation showing radiological surveys 

were conducted in 1988 and 1989. Both surveys indicated that there was a small amount of 

uranium contamination found. This small amount was decontaminated when found. In 1993, 

public attention was drawn to this facility by former workers who stated that the earlier 

surveys did not include the portion of the third floor where actual machining work was 

conducted. Surveys were conducted and radioactive residues were found to be in excess of 

DOE guidelines on over 25 percent of the third floor. Restricted access to the third floor was 

recommended to the current owner at this time. Decontamination of the surface 

contamination on the third floor was completed February 1995. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in performing this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Results of the Radiological Verification Survey at the Former Herring Hall Marvin 

Safe Company, November 1995

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1952 - 1993
Page 100 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Hooker Electrochemical

Niagara Falls, New York

ALSO KNOWN AS: Hooker Chemical Co.

Occidental Chemical Corp.

Occidental Chemical Corp., Specialty Chemical

TIME PERIOD: 1943-1948; Residual Radiation 1949-1976 

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In January 1943, Hooker began work for the Manhattan Engineer District to manufacture 

fluoridated and chlorinated organic chemicals. The by-product of this work was hydrochloric 

acid that was subsequently used in the chemical processing of a uranium-bearing slag as a 

precursor of uranium recovery. This work was continued until shortly after World War II. 

Activities related to this contract ended June 1948. Hooker Electrochemical's relationship 

with the AEC resumes between 1953 and 1958 as the Management and Operating Contractor 

for the Lake Ontario Ordnance Works, listed separately in this database.

DISCUSSION:

There is no documentation identifying the radiological conditions at the cessation of 

operations or information that can be used to determine if the facility was adequately 

decontaminated after DOE work was discontinued. 

There is documentation of radiological surveys during the period of October 11- 15, 1976. 

This survey concludes that residual radioactivity levels were within current Federal and State 

guidelines for unrestricted use.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information reviewed included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Report, Formerly Utilized MED/AEC Sites Remedial Action Program Radiological 

Survey of the Hooker Chemical Company Niagara Falls, New York, January 1977

• Report, FUSRAP Elimination Report for Occidental Chemical Corporation (Former 

Hooker Electrochemical Company) Niagara Falls, New York September 30, 1985 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1949 -1976
Page 101 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Horizons, Inc.

Cleveland, Ohio

ALSO KNOWN AS: Celcon Metals Co

Lamotite, Inc.

TIME PERIOD: 1952-1956

Residual Radiation 1957- October 2009

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Starting in 1952, Horizons, Inc. was under contract with the AEC for the production of 

granular thorium metal and conducted some thorium research work for Savannah River. 

Earlier work performed by Horizons, Inc. for the AEC did not involve radioactive substances.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation reviewed indicates residual contamination from AWE work still exists at this 

facility. DOE identified contamination in a 1977 survey but determined that they had no 

authority to remediate this facility under FUSRAP.

Documentation also demonstrates that USDOE informed USEPA of the conditions. Facility 

status and/or remediation activities conducted at this point are unknown.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information reviewed included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Final Report (DOE/EV-0005/10); Formerly Utilized MED/AEC Sites Remedial 

Action Program Radiological Survey of the Former Horizons, Inc., Metal Handling 

Facility, Cleveland, Ohio; February, 1979 OH.05-3

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION:

1957 - present
Page 102 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Hunter Douglas Aluminum Corp.

Riverside, California

ALSO KNOWN AS: Bridgeport Brass Co.

TIME PERIOD: 1959-1963

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In 1959, Hunter Douglas Aluminum extruded approximately 1600 pounds of solid uranium 

stock for National Lead Company of Ohio (Fernald). In a subsequent subcontract, the 

company fabricated uranium-zirconium billets for the GE Evendale Plant.

DISCUSSION:

The facility did not have the potential for significant exposure during operations due to the 

small amount of uranium (1,600 lbs) used. Also, it is noted in the NLO (Fernald) contract 

that Hunter Douglas was responsible for the decontamination and cleanup of facilities and 

equipment.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in performing this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• National Lead of Ohio Contract with Hunter Douglas

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 103 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: International Minerals and Chemical Corp.

Mulberry, Florida 

ALSO KNOWN AS: Pilot Facility

Uranium Recovery Unit at the Bonnie Plant 

Phosphate Chemicals Division, Bonnie Uranium Plant 

C.F. Industries, Inc.

TIME PERIOD: 1951-1961; Residual Radiation 1962- October 2009

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

International Minerals and Chemical Corp. produced uranium as a byproduct of the recovery 

of phosphate chemicals and fertilizers. In 1951, AEC contracted with International Minerals 

and Chemical Corp. for the recovery of uranium, which was ultimately used for the 

production of weapons. The original production plant was shut down in 1959. During the 

years of operation, 100 tons of U3O8 were produced, with a peak production of 2-3 tons per 

month. Starting in 1954, the uranium recovery unit was located at the Bonnie Plant. In 1955, 

it switched to the phosphoric acid process. International Minerals and Chemical Corp. 

became Central Farmers (now C.F.) Industries. In 1969, C.F. Industries became C.F. 

Chemicals, Bartow Phosphate Works. The phosphoric process was shut down in 1961. 

DISCUSSION:

A 1977 survey by ORNL identified radium in the soil up to 28 pCi/gram. This was not

considered unusual at a phosphate plant, as these levels are apparently within expected ranges 

at commercial phosphate recovery facilities. While the origination of the existing soil 

contamination cannot be determined, it does not appear to be significant. At the time of this 

survey the facility where operations were conducted had already been demolished and the 

radiological conditions prior to demolition could not be assessed. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Preliminary Survey of International Minerals and Chemical Corporation Mulberry, 

Florida; March 1980 FL.02-1. 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1962 - present
Page 104 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: International Nickel Co., Bayonne Laboratories

Bayonne, New Jersey

TIME PERIOD: 1951-1952

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

International Nickel plated uranium slugs with nickel for use in the nuclear weapons 

production system during the early 1950s. 

DISCUSSION:

It appears this was test work that was conducted, and not production levels. There was no 

specific information regarding exactly how many uranium slugs were processed. However, 

available documentation suggests that this facility was not one of the four facilities chosen to 

plate larger numbers of cylinders for the Hanford site. The DOE determined that further 

review of the site was not warranted due to the limited scope of activities performed. Because 

of the limited amount of material processed, there is little likelihood of residual contamination 

outside the stated dates.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Nickel Plating of Uranium Cylinders

• Nickel Plating of Uranium Slugs

• DOE Memo No Further Evaluation

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred
Page 105 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: International Rare Metals Refinery, Inc.

Mount Kisco, New York

ALSO KNOWN AS: Canadian Radium and Uranium Corp.

Pregals Mt. Kisco Refinery 

Pregal

TIME PERIOD: 1942-1949; Residual Radiation 1950-1966

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The International Rare Metals Company processed pitchblende ores for the African Metals 

Corporation to extract radium. The same ores were processed for the Manhattan Engineer 

District to recover uranium. Other than the coordination of the shipments of ores and sludge, 

there was no MED involvement at this site. The company did apparently ship a 1 milligram 

and a 5 milligram source of radium to Chicago.

DISCUSSION:

Radiological surveys were reportedly conducted by the AEC at this facility during 1952 and 

1956, identifying significant radiation levels, removable contamination and airborne 

radioactive material concentrations. These surveys were conducted in an effort to assist the 

state of New York evaluate the site conditions. The building was demolished in 1966, and 

contaminated debris and dirt were transported to another facility. Elevated radiation levels 

were identified in 1979 by a local reporter. These areas were localized and contained within a 

locked chain-link fence. The site was reportedly remediated sometime prior to 1996 with state 

of New York involvement. There was no survey data available regarding close-out or the 

present status of the facility. 

Documentation available for review does not clearly substantiate that this facility was 

involved with AWE related activities other than being a private enterprise from which the 

MED purchased radium sources. A 1987 Department of Energy Memo states that the MED 

purchased a significant number of radium sources from the company in the early 1940s. 

However it does not appear they had any connection with the operation of the facility.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information reviewed included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Westchester County Letter; Curran to EPA Radiation Branch (Feldman); forwarding 

copy of radiation survey, report of survey attached; April 30, 1979

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 106 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1950 - 1966
Page 107 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: International Register 

Chicago, Illinois

ALSO KNOWN AS: Intermatic, Inc.

TIME PERIOD: 1943

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

International Register was involved in the development of uranium machining techniques for 

the Metallurgical Lab and the Manhattan Project. Records indicate that a test of centerless 

grinding equipment took place at International Register in February 1943. Uranium rods (1" 

in diameter and 6" long) were ground with the accuracy of about .001" for the Met Lab.

DISCUSSION:

There were no radiological surveys performed during or after the test that were available in 

the provided documentation. However, given limited nature of this work, the likelihood of 

significant facility contamination is remote.

There was a FUSRAP elimination recommendation made in 1987, indicating little likelihood 

of contamination, and no further action being necessary.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation include:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Met Lab Memo: Centerless Grinding at International Register, July 28, 1943

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 108 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Ithaca Gun Company 

Ithaca, New York

TIME PERIOD: 1961-1962

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

During 1961-1962, Ithaca Gun conducted tests involving the forging of hollow uranium 

billets into tubes for the metallurgical group at National Lead Company of Ohio (Fernald). 

DISCUSSION:

Documentation exists which shows that the facility was effectively decontaminated 

(immediately) after the DOE work was completed. The document titled, “Authority Review 

for Ithaca Gun Co.” reveals that the testing site was vacuumed down to background levels 

after the completion of the test. According to the purchase order with National Lead of Ohio, 

all equipment was decontaminated using rags and solvents. All material was returned to NLO 

(Fernald). A confirmatory survey was performed in 1995 and found no contamination or 

radiation in excess of current guidelines.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in performing this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Purchase Order Rotary Forging at Ithaca Gun Company

• Trip Report Ithaca Gun Company July 4-7, 1961

• Trip Report Ithaca Gun Company May 21- June 8, 1962

• Radiological Survey of the Gun Forging Machine Building Ithaca Gun Company, 

October 1995

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 109 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: J.T. Baker Chemical Co.

Phillipsburg, New Jersey

ALSO KNOWN AS: Subsidiary of Vick Chemical Company

TIME PERIOD: 1948; 1957 - 1958

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

J. T. Baker Chemical Co. was licensed by AEC to process and distribute refined source 

material (uranium). The company had previously sought to purchase uranium compounds 

during World War II, but these were diverted for wartime use.

DISCUSSION:

A November 5, 1957 memo illustrates that the J.T. Baker Chemical Co was interested in 

purchasing 1 kg of uranium metal, there is no indication that the material was ever purchased. 

Based on the available documentation there is no known or described activity that would have 

resulted in residual contamination. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information reviewed included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Memo: Source Material License November 5, 1957

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 110 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Jessop Steel Co.

Washington, Pennsylvania

TIME PERIOD: 1950-1954

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In the early and mid 1950s, the Jessop Steel Company was under contract to the AEC for 

metal fabrication with some work through DuPont. In the early 1950s, records indicate that 

uranium metal in nickel scrap was sent to Jessop to make stainless steel piping for Fernald. 

In 1954, tentative plans were made for Jessop to roll uranium for Fernald billet production.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation reviewed indicates that Jessop Steel was involved in the processing of nickel 

scrap that was contaminated with uranium, for the purpose of making piping for the Fernald 

facility. It appears that Jessop processed between 2 and 3 tons of uranium-contaminated 

nickel scrap during the month of December 1952. In addition, Jessop Steel sheared an 

unknown number of uranium plates for DuPont on March 2, 1954.Jessop was interested in 

rolling uranium metal for Fernald, but this memo ended with the statement that the rolling 

would be suspended and would proceed instead at the Fernald facility. There is no indication 

of any additional work at this facility. 

Follow-up surveys performed in 1989 found no contamination in excess of guidelines for 

unrestricted use.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in performing this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Oak Ridge National Laboratory Report (ORNL/RASA-89/20); "Results of the 

Radiological Survey at the Jessop Steel Company site, 500 Green Street, Washington, 

Pennsylvania (JSP001)", April 1991.

• Memo: Distribution of Uranium Plates Sheared at Jessop Steel Company March 

2,1954

• Memo: Transfer of Nickel Scrap, December 2, 1952

• Trip Report-NLO-DuPont to Jessop Steel December 6, 1954

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 111 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Joslyn Manufacturing and Supply Co.

Ft. Wayne, Indiana

ALSO KNOWN AS: Joslyn Stainless Steel Co.

TIME PERIOD: 1944-1952

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Joslyn rolled uranium rods from billets for use by the MED and the AEC in weapons 

production.

DISCUSSION:

The billets were received by rail. Work was conducted under MED/AEC constant 

supervision, and scraps and ash generated were retained by MED/AEC personnel for uranium 

accountability. Small furnaces were used to heat the material. Three mills and straightening, 

cutting, threading, and grinding equipment were used in the operation. An outdoor area was 

used to burn waste.

Documentation reviewed indicates that there was a comprehensive radiological survey 

performed at the end of AEC activities (1949), for the purpose of identifying contamination 

levels for a facility cleanup. While no post decontamination surveys are available for review, 

description of the removal of equipment and handling of accountable materials at the end of 

the operations, in conjunction with the conditions identified in subsequent DOE preliminary 

FUSRAP surveys (1976) indicates that residual contamination did not exist beyond the listed 

period. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information reviewed included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Residual Contamination Survey at Joslyn Steel, August 22, 1949

• DOE Report (ORNL); Preliminary Survey of Joslyn Stainless Steel Company, Fort 

Wayne, Indiana; March 1980

• ERDA Memorandum; Thornton to Kennedy; Subject: ERDA Resurvey Program: 

Joslyn Stainless Steel Company, Fort Wayne, Indiana; March 10, 1977.

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 112 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Kaiser Aluminum Corp.

Dalton, Illinois

TIME PERIOD: 1959

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In March 1959, Kaiser performed the extrusion of three CP-5 type fuel elements containing 

normal uranium oxide for Argonne National Laboratory. Documentation indicates that 

Kaiser was under consideration to participate in a program to develop alternate sources of 

uranium, but it is unclear whether that work ever took place.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation exists which shows that the facility was effectively decontaminated 

(immediately) after the DOE work was completed.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES

The sources of information used in performing this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Extrusion of Billets, Kaiser Aluminum Corporation March 20, 1959

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 113 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Kellex/Pierpont

Jersey City, New Jersey

ALSO KNOWN AS: Vitro Corp. of America

Kellex Corp.

TIME PERIOD: 1943-1953; Residual Radiation 1954-1978, 1981-1983; DOE 

1979- 1980 (remediation)

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In 1943, the M.W. Kellogg Company established the Kellex Corporation to design and 

construct the first gaseous diffusion uranium enrichment facility, the K-25 Plant, in Oak 

Ridge TN. This work was conducted under contract to the Manhattan Engineer District and 

later to the Atomic Energy Commission. In the 1940s and early 1950s, Kellex conducted 

research and development on fuel reprocessing and component testing using uranium 

hexafluoride, and uranium processing and recovery techniques. In 1951, the Vitro

Corporation of America assumed all the rights and obligations of the Kellex Corporation. In 

1953, Kellex discontinued all AEC contract work at the Kellex/Pierpont site.

Remediation activities under the Formerly Utilized Site Remediation Action Program 

(FUSRAP) occurred in 1979 and 1980 by Tobar Construction and Envirosphere Co. The 

cleanup was certified in 1983.

DISCUSSION:

Remediation activities under the Formerly Utilized Site Remediation Action Program 

(FUSRAP) occurred in 1979 and 1980 by Tobar Construction and Envirosphere Co. A survey 

completed in 1982 found that there were several areas in excess of unrestricted release 

criteria. Additional remedial actions were taken and the cleanup was certified complete in 

1983. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information reviewed included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• DOE Report (DOE/EV-0005/29 and ORNL-5734); Radiological Survey of the Former 

Kellex Research Facility, Jersey City, New Jersey; February 1982

• Certification Docket for the Former Kellex Corporation September 1983
Page 114 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1954 -1978; 1981-1983
Page 115 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Kerr-McGee

Guthrie, Oklahoma

TIME PERIOD: 1963-1973; Residual Radiation 1974- October 2009 

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Kerr-McGee processed uranium for the AEC as part of the nuclear weapons production 

process. The Recycled Uranium reports show material being shipped from Kerr-McGee to 

both Fernald and Savannah River.

DISCUSSION:

Available documentation describes this facility as having handled recycled uranium as part of 

the nuclear weapons production process. Current NRC decommissioning documentation 

indicates the facility has completed the majority of decontamination activities necessary for 

unrestricted release and license termination with the exception of groundwater remediation 

which indicates uranium and technetium-99 contamination. 

Estimated completion for these activities is identified as January 2017. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information reviewed included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• US NRC Site Status Summary

NRC Sites Undergoing Decommissioning - Complex Materials - License No. SNM-928, 

Docket No. 70-0925.

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1974 - present
Page 116 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME Koppers Co., Inc.

Verona, Pennsylvania

TIME PERIOD: 1956-1957; Residual Radiation 1958-1996

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In conjunction with the Kennecott Copper Co., Koppers conducted pilot plant tests for the 

production of uranium hexafluoride. In 1956, Koppers was licensed receive 2000 pounds of 

refined source material for use in studies toward the preparation of uranium dioxide for 

reactor fuel elements and 6,150 pounds of refined source material for use in research and 

pilot plant investigations on feed material processing. In October 1957, they were authorized 

to receive 110 pounds of normal uranium hexafluoride. Most of the research work appears to 

have taken place at the Koppers Research Department in Verona, PA.

DISCUSSION:

Documents reviewed suggest that the work which the Koppers Co., Inc. was licensed and 

could have been strictly a commercial venture. This work may not have been AWE related. 

There are indications this may have been an attempt to develop a commercial UF6 production 

process. On that basis, they were not considered under FUSRAP. 

Based on the described activities, amounts of material involved, and the absence of 

radiological survey data from the period when operations were ceased, there is a potential for 

significant residual contamination outside the covered period.

In 1996, the NRC performed a facility safety inspection and found that general area dose rates 

were within natural background levels and that uranium concentrations from excavations 

within the building were within environmental concentrations.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information reviewed included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Proposal to Provide Feed Materials Plant October 30, 1956

• NRC Summary

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1958 - 1996
Page 117 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: La Pointe Machine and Tool Co.

Hudson, Massachusetts

TIME PERIOD: 1956

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

National Lead of Ohio (Fernald) conducted a single test involving the use of uranium metal 

on a broaching machine and an arbor press at the La Pointe Machine Tool Company facility.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation exists which shows that the facility was effectively decontaminated after DOE 

work was completed.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in performing this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security

• Trip Report to LaPoint Machine and Tool on July 9, 1956

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 118 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Landis Machine Tool Co.

Waynesboro, Pennsylvania

ALSO KNOWN AS: Teledyne Landis Machine

TIME PERIOD: 1952

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In 1952, National Lead of Ohio (Fernald) personnel performed tests involving the machining 

of uranium slugs at Landis Machine Tool Company. The tests were performed over a two day 

period.

DISCUSSION:

Documents available for review illustrate that air sampling was performed over the two day 

operation of September 18 and 19, 1952. Due to the limited operations and the evidence that 

radiological conditions were being monitored during operations, the potential for residual 

contamination outside the period of weapons-related production is remote.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in performing this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Radioactive Air Dust Survey at Landis September 18 and 19, 1952

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 119 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Latty Avenue Properties 

Hazelwood, Missouri

ALSO KNOWN AS: Contemporary Metals Corporation

Continental Mining and Milling

Commercial Discount Corporation

Futura Coatings, Inc.

Jarboe Realty and Investment Company

Hazelwood Interim Storage Site

HISS

Futura Coatings Site

TIME PERIOD: 1967-1974; Residual Radiation 1975-1983; 1987- October 

2009; DOE 1984-1986 (remediation) 

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The Mallinckrodt Chemical Company conducted uranium milling and refining operations 

under contracts with the Manhattan Engineer District and the Atomic Energy Commission at 

the St. Louis Downtown Site in Missouri. Mallinckrodt transported process residues to the St. 

Louis Airport Site (also in Missouri) for storage until the Commercial Discount Corporation 

of Chicago purchased them in 1967; Commercial Discount transported the residues to the 

Latty Avenue Properties for storage and processing. This material was sold to the Cotter 

Corporation in 1969 and was dried and shipped to their facilities in Canon City, Colorado. 

By 1974, most of the material had been sold and removed from the Latty Avenue Properties, 

leaving only residual contamination. 

The 1984-1986 work was performed under the Bechtel National Inc. (BNI) environmental 

remediation umbrella contract for the DOE.

DISCUSSION:

The 1984 Energy and Water Appropriations Act directed DOE to conduct a decontamination 

research and development project at four sites throughout the nation, including 9200 Latty 

Avenue and properties in the vicinity. Although contamination in Hazelwood did not result 

directly from atomic energy programs, Hazelwood properties were added to the DOE’s 

FUSRAP by Congress to expedite decontamination. A review of the FUSRAP web page

suggested that Latty Avenue Properties remedial action is ongoing at the present time.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in performing this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• FUSRAP Website page for Hazelwood Interim Storage and Latty Avenue Properties 
Page 120 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1975 – 1983; 1987 - present
Page 121 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Linde Air Products

Buffalo, New York 

ALSO KNOWN AS: Linde Air Products Div. Of Union Carbide

Linde

Linde Center

Chandler Plant

Chandler Street Plant

Linde Chandler Plant

TIME PERIOD: 1945-1947

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The Linde Air Products facility, also known as the Chandler Plant, was involved in the 

development and production of barrier for the Oak Ridge Diffusion Plant. During World War 

II, Linde was part of the Carbide and Carbon Chemical Corporation, later known as Union 

Carbide. 

DISCUSSION:

An AEC Realty & Lease holding report shows that the Linde Air facility in Buffalo, New 

York was acquired in September 1944 and terminated in November, 1947. The contracting 

period does not precisely correlate with the dates specified as the period in which weaponsrelated production occurred however documentation indicates that this facility did not handle 

radioactive materials and should not be mistaken for the Linde Ceramics Plant in Tonawanda, 

New York. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Elimination Recommendation

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 122 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Linde Ceramics Plant

Tonawanda, New York 

ALSO KNOWN AS: Tonawanda Laboratory

Linde Air

Paxair

TIME PERIOD: 1942-1953; 

Residual Radiation 1954-1987, 1993-1995; 1997-October 

2009; DOE 1988 – 1992; 1996 (remediation)

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The Linde Air Company performed uranium and nickel processing for the Manhattan 

Engineer District (MED) and the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) at the Ceramics Plant in 

Tonawanda. African and Canadian ores were milled to black oxides at the plant. Documents 

indicate that the facility was placed on standby as of March 1, 1950. Linde's contractual 

agreements with the AEC continued through 1953 for various activities relating to closing out 

work at the Tonawanda location. Linde was a part of Carbide and Carbon Chemical 

Corporation (C&CCC), which then became Union Carbide. 

In 1980, Linde Ceramics was designated as part of the Formerly Utilized Site Remediation 

Action Program (FUSRAP) and work under this program was performed during 1988-1992 

and then again in 1996. The 1996 work was performed under the Bechtel National Inc. 

umbrella contract for DOE environmental site remediation.

Buildings 30,31,37 and 38 of the Linde Ceramics Plant meet the definition of a DOE facility 

for the years 1942 through 1953. This means that employees who worked in these buildings 

during these years are eligible under both Part B and E or the EEOICPA. 

The Tonawanda Laboratory, which is also known as Building 14, meets the definition of an 

AWE for the years 1942-1953. Under the EEOICPA, employees of AWE facilities are not 

eligible under Part E of the EEOICPA. 

DISCUSSION:

Radiological surveys performed in the 1980s, identified conditions which subsequently led to 

FUSRAP actions. It is not clear from the available documentation how significant the 

potential radiological hazards were to workers occupying these areas after 1950. However, 

the presence of this residual contamination and the need for FUSRAP activities indicates the 

need for further investigation to determine the potential for residual contamination after 1950. 

Documentation indicates that FUSRAP activities were initiated in 1990. The FUSRAP 

webpage for the Linde Site estimates project completion in 2009.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website
Page 123 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

• FUSRAP Webpage Linde Site

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1954 – 1987; 1993-1995; 1997-present
Page 124 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Lindsay Light and Chemical Co.

W. Chicago, Illinois 

ALSO KNOWN AS: Kerr-McGee

Reed-Keppler Park

TIME PERIOD: 1942-1953; Residual Radiation 1954 – October 2009

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Lindsay Light and Chemical Co. was a commercial processor of monazite sands, which yield 

several commercially valuable products, including the radioactive metal thorium. The MED 

and then the AEC purchased thorium from Lindsay. AEC contractors purchased a variety of 

products from this firm as well. Documents indicate that the firm supplied thorium to the 

MED and AEC through at least 1953. The facility received a source material license from the 

AEC in 1956, and it continued to process radioactive materials for commercial purposes until 

1973. 

DISCUSSION:

Documentation reviewed confirms the presence of significant residual contamination outside 

of the period in which AWE operations occurred, this residual contamination is 

indistinguishable from non-AWE related wastes. Multiple areas/locations are undergoing 

remedial actions conducted under the USEPA Superfund cleanup process.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• US EPA Superfund Webpage Kerr-McGee ILD980823991

• US EPA Superfund Webpage Kerr-McGee ILD980824015

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1954 - present
Page 125 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Magnus Brass Co.

Cincinnati, Ohio

ALSO KNOWN AS: Magnus Metals

Moanes Brass

TIME PERIOD: 1954-1957; Residual Radiation 1958

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The site machined various forms of uranium metal under subcontract to the NLO (Fernald). 

The work was performed at two locations: Reading Road (from December 1954 through 

November 1955) and West 7th Street (from December 1955 through December 1957). Total 

production machining was approximately two or three hundred billets. 

DISCUSSION:

Documentation demonstrates that the machining work first performed at the 533 Reading 

Road facility resulted in equipment and surrounding area which were “heavily contaminated”. 

Operations were then moved to the West 7th Street location. Prior to this move a 

decontamination effort was reportedly performed but no radiological survey data is available 

documenting post-decontamination radioactivity levels. The Reading Road facility was 

reportedly occupied by a new owner and has since been demolished (date unknown).

Documentation reviewed describes multiple trips that were taken from the Fernald Site to 

Magnus Brass for the purpose of monitoring and decontaminating the equipment used. 

Decontamination was declared complete in a March 19, 1958 memo to J.A. Quigley from J. 

F. Wing. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Decontamination of Equipment and Facilities at Magnus Metals Division Cincinnati 

Ohio December 10, 1957

• DOE Memorandum; Wing to Quigley; Subject: Decontamination of Equipment and 

Facilities at Magnus Metals Division Cincinnati Ohio in connection with Subcontract 

S-129, March 19, 1958.

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1958
Page 126 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

Cambridge, Massachusetts 

TIME PERIOD: 1942-1946

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) began experimental work on producing 

uranium metal in the spring of 1942 using a process involving melting and casting. It is this 

uranium metallurgical work which took place on the MIT campus by MIT employees that 

supports its designation as an Atomic Weapons Employer (AWE). 

MIT is also designated as a beryllium vendor. MIT's work with beryllium was known as the 

"Metallurgical Project" and started when it entered into a research and development contract 

with the Manhattan Engineer District (MED). The Metallurgical Project involved studying 

the characteristics of beryllium metal and attempting to make a satisfactory berylliumuranium alloy. In addition, beryllium oxide crucibles were made for use by the MED. 

After a number of its employees contracted beryllium disease, MIT consolidated the activities 

described above in an off-campus site known as the Hood Building, which is a separate 

covered facility under the EEOICPA. The transition to the Hood Building was complete by the 

fall of 1946.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation indicates uranium extraction research was performed by MIT in Cambridge, 

Massachusetts from 1942 through 1946. In 1946, MIT reportedly transferred the operations 

to the Watertown Arsenal (Bldg 421). Documentation is not clear as to what activities were 

conducted at the MIT Cambridge site from 1946 through 1954 when operations were moved 

to the Hood Building. 

The Hood building was recently reclassified as a Department of Energy facility and is not 

considered in this report.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 127 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Mathieson Chemical Co.

Pasadena, Texas

ALSO KNOWN AS: Pasadena Chemical Corp.

Olin Mathieson Chemical Co.

Mobil Mining and Minerals Co.

TIME PERIOD: 1951-1953; Residual Radiation 1954 – October 2009

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Mathieson Chemical extracted uranium oxides out of phosphoric acid compounds in a pilot 

study for the Atomic Energy Commission.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation describes the activities as bench-top type experiments for extracting uranium 

oxides from phosphoric acid compounds, which would most likely have been conducted 

under laboratory controls. This site was used for a pilot plant operation for extracting 

uranium from phosphoric acid. It is estimated that no more than 50 pounds of yellow cake 

was produced during this test. An Olin Mathieson memo from April of 1979 states that all 

materials associated with the uranium extraction were removed after the project was 

completed.

The Texas Department of Health performed a survey in September of 1978 and found no 

contamination that could be attributed to the uranium extraction operation and that the 

radiation levels were not atypical of phosphate plants.

A radiological survey was performed for the DOE in 1977, with the only finding of residual 

contamination on inside surfaces of one sink and possibly the drain line. The survey report 

recommends that this sink be disposed of as radioactive material prior to the site being 

released for unrestricted use. There was no documentation that this was ever done.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Preliminary Survey of Olin Mathieson Chemical Corp, March 1980

• Olin Mathieson Memo April 12, 1979

• Texas Department of Health March 30, 1979

• Elimination Report for Mobil Mining and Minerals Company

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 128 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1954 - present
Page 129 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Maywood Chemical Works

Maywood, New Jersey

ALSO KNOWN AS: Maywood Site

Maywood Interim Storage Site

MISS

Stepan Co.

MCW

TIME PERIOD: 1947-1950; Residual Radiation 1951- October 2009

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

From 1916 to 1959, Maywood Chemical Works extracted radioactive thorium and rare earth 

elements from monazite sands for use in commercial products. From 1947 to 1950 the AEC 

purchased thorium compounds from the Maywood Chemical Company. 

Although this site was designated as part of the Formerly Utilized Site Remediation Action 

Program (FUSRAP) in 1983, no work was ever performed under this program prior to its 

transfer to the Army Corp. 

DISCUSSION:

Documentation exists demonstrating the MED/AEC acquired thorium products from 

Maywood, starting in 1947, due to the “fertile” nature of the material. Documentation is 

unclear as to the exact quantity of material acquired. Documentation demonstrates that the 

radioactive material residues associated from these MED/AEC acquisitions constitutes only a 

portion of the overall residual contamination and potential radiological hazards. However, the 

inability to disregard these residues and/or distinguish them from non-MED/AEC residues 

necessitates the determination that a portion of the residual contamination requiring FUSRAP 

activities beginning in 1984, are attributable to former AWE activities.

Documentation reviewed indicates that significant residual contamination from AEC/DOE 

activities, exists outside the covered period. The facility and/or affected areas are presently 

undergoing remediation under agreements established between the USACOE and USEPA.

The estimated date for closure as provided in US NRC Docket 40-8610 is 9/01/2010.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• US ACE FUSRAP Maywood Project Site September 2007

• US ACE FUSRAP Maywood Project Site August 2008

• US NRC Docket 40-8610, Stepan Chemical Company 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 130 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1951 - present
Page 131 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: McKinney Tool and Manufacturing Co.

Cleveland, Ohio 

ALSO KNOWN AS: Parker Rust Proof

Meister-matic Inc.

KC&F

TIME PERIOD: 1944; Residual Radiation 1945-1981

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Between May and August of 1944, McKinney Tool and Manufacturing Co. of Cleveland, 

Ohio, turned and ground unbonded slugs to provide fuel for the first nuclear reactors, 

including the three Chicago piles; the Oak Ridge X-10 reactor; and the Hanford B, D, and F 

production reactors and 305 test pile. 

DISCUSSION:

Radiological survey data gathered for the DOE in 1981 and 1991 demonstrates that no 

residual contamination existed at that time however, there is no documentation identifying the 

radiological conditions at the end of the operations in 1944. 

Based on the nature of the work, the absence of additional documentation, coupled with no 

radiological survey data until 1981, the presence of residual contamination cannot be ruled 

out up until the time of the survey.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Results of the Rad. Survey at the Former McKinney Tool and Mfg Co, November 

1991

• Elimination Report for Former McKinney Tool Mfg. Co.; January 1994.

 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1945 -1981
Page 132 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Medart Co.

St. Louis, Missouri

TIME PERIOD: 1951-1952; Residual Radiation 1953 - October 2009

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The Medart Company manufactured steel mill machining equipment which was useful in 

uranium processing. In 1952, Medart conducted broaching machine and arbor tests turning 

uranium for the National Lead Company of Ohio (Fernald). According to a former Medart 

employee, the bar turning machine was eventually shipped to Fernald for use at the Feed 

Materials Production Center.

DISCUSSION:

Records indicate that operations were limited to three tests performed May and August of 

1951 and November of 1952. Airborne radioactivity monitoring performed during the 

operations in November of 1952 indicates that significant airborne radioactive material 

concentrations were generated during operations. This data indicates a potential for the 

dispersion of contamination throughout the immediate area of the facility where operations 

were performed. No documentation has been found to demonstrate that decontamination 

efforts were initiated, or to describe post-operational radiological conditions.

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. No 

additional information has been located, and there does not appear to have been any 

radiological survey of the facility located at 3535 Dekalb Street where the operations were 

reportedly conducted.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Record of Contact Medart Company December 4 1990 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1953 - present
Page 133 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

Facility Name: Metallurgical Laboratory 

Chicago, IL

Also Known As: Eckhardt Hall (+ West Stands, New Chem. Lab and Annex, 

Ryerson Physical Lab, Kent Chem. Lab) , Met Lab 

TIME PERIOD: 1942-1946; Res. Rad. 1947 - 1987; DOE 1982 – 1984, 1987

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The University of Chicago Metallurgical Laboratory was involved in early uranium 

metallurgical work in 1942-1943. The first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction was 

achieved at the university in a "pile" called the Chicago Pile 1, built by Enrico Fermi and his 

Met Lab colleagues. The Met Lab is the direct predecessor of Argonne National Laboratory 

The University of Chicago continued to perform research and metallurgical work for Atomic 

Energy Commission until the early 1950s. The University of Chicago site includes seven 

buildings that were associated with Manhattan Engineer District/Atomic Energy Commission 

nuclear research and development between 1942 and 1952. These include the new Chemistry 

Laboratory and Annex, West Stands, Ryerson Physical Laboratory, Eckhart Hall, Kent 

Chemical Laboratory, Jones Chemical Laboratory, and Ricketts Laboratory. Under the 

direction of DOE, decontamination activities at the University of Chicago were conducted by 

Argonne National Laboratory in 1982 and 1983 and by Bechtel National, Inc. (BNI) in 1987. 

Cleanup of the sites where this work was performed was certified complete in 1989.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation reviewed shows that the remedial actions taken from December 1982 to 

October 1987 were successful in achieving unrestricted release criteria.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation include:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Certification Docket for the Remedial Action Performed at the University of Chicago , 

Chicago, Illinois, From December 1982 to October 1987. 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1947-1981
Page 134 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Metals and Controls Corp.

Attleboro, Massachusetts 

ALSO KNOWN AS: M&C Nuclear

Metals and Controls Nuclear Corp.

M & C

Texas Instruments

TIME PERIOD: 1952-1967; Residual Radiation 1968 - 1997

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Records indicate that the Metals and Controls Corp. fabricated fuel elements for production 

reactors, but it is unclear whether its work was related to the nuclear weapons complex. For 

example, Metals and Controls Corp. fabricated uranium foils for reactor experiments and fuel 

components, fabricated complete reactor cores for the Naval Reactors program, and 

fabricated uranium fuel elements for experimental and research reactors. Records indicate 

shipments of depleted uranium between Rocky Flats and M&C during the period from 1955-

1958. 

DISCUSSION:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 

A US NRC Document issued in on March 13, 1997 states that “Based on the actions taken by 

the licensee, our review of the surveys performed, and the results of the NRC confirmatory 

survey, the staff concludes that decommissioning has been satisfactorily completed at the TI 

Attleboro, Massachusetts site and the site now meets the NRC criteria described in the Action 

Plan for release for unrestricted use”. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security

• US NRC SECY-97-061, Removal of Texas Instruments, Inc. from Site

Decommissioning Management Plan

• Memo: Metals and Controls to US DOE September 28, 1992

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1968 - 1997
Page 135 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Middlesex Municipal Landfill 

Middlesex, New Jersey

ALSO KNOWN AS: MML

TIME PERIOD: 1948-1960; 

Residual Radiation 1961-1983; 1985

DOE 1984; 1986

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

From 1948 to 1960, the Middlesex Sampling Plant conducted thorium and uranium activities 

and disposed of the wastes at the Middlesex Municipal Landfill.

Although this site was designated as part of the Formerly Utilized Site Remediation Action 

Program (FUSRAP) in 1980, the only years in which remediation work took place were 1984 

and 1986. This work was performed under the Bechtel National Inc. umbrella site 

remediation contract and by local subcontractors. 

DISCUSSION:

Documentation is available and adequate to determine that the site was used for disposal of 

contaminated soils in 1948. In 1960, discovery of the contamination was made through 

observance of abnormal background radiation readings during a civil defense drill. 

Documentation establishes that subsequent to interactions between local and federal 

authorities, 650 cubic yards of surface material was removed on May 18, 1961. Residual 

subsurface contamination still existed after this action, but awareness of this condition and the 

documented radiation levels is considered to pose no significant exposure scenario. The 

Certification Docket for Remedial Action Performed at the Middlesex Municipal Landfill in 

Middlesex, New Jersey in 1984 and 1986 confirmed that the actions taken in 1986 were 

successful.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Certification Docket for Remedial Action Performed at the Middlesex Municipal 

Landfill in Middlesex, New Jersey in 1984 and 1986.

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1961 – 1983; 1985
Page 136 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Midwest Manufacturing Co.

Galesburg, Illinois

ALSO KNOWN AS: Maytag Co.

TIME PERIOD: 1944

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

A November 7, 1944, document indicates that Midwest Manufacturing Co. worked on the 

"self lubricating draw die" which was related to metal fabrication for the Manhattan Project.

DISCUSSION:

It is not clear if radioactive material was involved. Nor is it clear what activities were 

involved in the process development operations.

Review of the available documentation related to this facility, indicates that there is little 

potential for residual contamination outside of the covered period.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security .

• Memorandum/Checklist; Wallo to the File; Subject; Midwest Manufacturing Co.; 

November 3, 1987.

• MED Memorandum; Methods and Materials Section to Stearns; Subject; Metallurgical 

Fabrication and Physical Studies; November 7, 1944.

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 137 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Mitchell Steel Co.

Cincinnati, Ohio

TIME PERIOD: 1954

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In 1954, Mitchell Steel Company may have participated in the machining of a sample lot of 

four hollow extrusion uranium billets from ingots for National Lead of Ohio (Fernald). It is 

unclear whether Mitchell conducted the test or performed any addition work for NLO or the 

AEC.

DISCUSSION:

This facility reportedly performed a machining test on 4 uranium billets, and there is no 

documentation to demonstrate further work was performed. The 1954 National Lead 

Company of Ohio document "Request for a Subcontract to Produce Hollow Extrusion Billets 

on a Lump Sum Basis" which identifies Mitchell Steel Company and four other companies 

suggests that the Magnus Brass Manufacturing Company of Cincinnati was the contractor 

selected to continue this work. 

Due to the limited amount of work performed at this facility, machining of four billets, the 

potential for significant residual radioactivity outside of the period of weapons related work is 

considered low.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Request for Subcontract to Produce Hollow Extrusion Billets Nov 22, 1954

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 138 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Mitts & Merrel Co.

Saginaw, Michigan

ALSO KNOWN AS: Genesse Packing Co.

TIME PERIOD: 1956

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In a test for National Lead of Ohio (Fernald), Mitts and Merrel reduced a thorium metal 

chunk to small particle size pieces in its Hog Grinder.

DISCUSSION:

The available documentation describes a one day activity, 6/28/1956, in which thorium metal 

(+10 pounds) was ground into fine particles producing heavy visible dusting outside of the 

equipment. It is stated that the actual activity took 1 minute and 15 seconds. The document 

describes a successful decontamination completed that same day. The potential for significant 

residual contamination outside of this one day period of operation is remote.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Airborne Radioactivity Survey July 2, 1956

• Trip to Mitts and Merrel, June 28, 1956

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 139 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Monsanto Chemical Co.

Dayton, Ohio 

ALSO KNOWN AS: Runnymeade Playhouse

Scioto Laboratory

Dayton Project

Old Schoolhouse

Units I, III and IV

TIME PERIOD: 1943-1949; Residual Radiation 1950

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In 1943, the Manhattan Engineer District began the Dayton Project to investigate the 

chemistry and metallurgy of polonium. Monsanto was chosen for the project because of its 

earlier work at its Scioto Research Laboratory (also in Dayton). Work for the MED was 

initially performed at Monsanto’s facility on Nicholas Road in 1943 (Unit I). As the project 

expanded, it moved into a location on West First Street (Unit III) with all operations being 

transferred to Unit III by October 1944. By 1944 it was clear that even this space was 

inadequate, and so the former Runnymeade Playhouse was converted to a laboratory and 

referred to as Unit IV, to be operated in conjunction with Unit III. When space became too 

tight in the combined areas of Units III and IV, preparations were made to move the 

operations to the present day Mound facility in Miamisburg. Processing began at Mound in 

February 1949 and shortly thereafter Units III and IV were dismantled and decontaminated. 

DISCUSSION:

The FUSRAP Combined Preliminary Assessment Site Inspection Report Unit 1, states that 

The Dayton Unit I site was used for project organization and personnel development. 

Polonium-210 research and development, or other materials processing was not conducted at 

Dayton Unit I.

The FUSRAP Combined Preliminary Assessment Site Inspection Report Warehouse states 

that the Warehouse operations were transferred to the Mound Laboratory in Miamisburg, 

Ohio in1948/1949. The Warehouse facility was then decontaminated and returned to the 

building's manager for rental to other clients.

The FUSRAP Preliminary Assessment Site Inspection Report Unit III stated that following 

decontamination efforts supported by the Atomic Energy Commission in 1948 through 1950, 

the site was released for unrestricted use.

The FUSRAP Preliminary Assessment Site Inspection Report Unit IV stated that in 1948, all 

federal activity at Runnymede Playhouse ceased and was subsequently decontaminated by 

AEC in 1950.

The FUSRAP Combined Preliminary Assessment Site Inspection Report Warehouse states 

that the Warehouse operations were transferred to the Mound Laboratory in Miamisburg, 

Ohio in1948/1949. The Warehouse facility was then decontaminated and returned to the 

building's manager for rental to other clients.

Based on these documents it appears that all residual contamination was removed by 1950.
Page 140 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Combined Preliminary Assessment Site Inspection Report Unit I; September 2004

• Preliminary Assessment Site Inspection Report Unit III; September 2000

• Preliminary Assessment Site Inspection Report Unit IV; September 2000

• Combined Preliminary Assessment Site Inspection Report Warehouse; September 

2005

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1950
Page 141 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Museum of Science and Industry

Chicago, Illinois

TIME PERIOD: 1946-1953

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Portions of the East Pavilion of the Museum of Science and Industry were used by employees 

of the Metallurgical Laboratory and the ANL. Although the facility was primarily used as 

office space, it is believed that radioactive materials were handled at this facility and that a 

spill of radioactive material may have taken place near the service elevator on the ground 

floor. 

DISCUSSION:

While a description of specific activities performed and/or material handled is not available, it 

is clear that work was performed for the AEC by ANL at this facility from 1946 through 

1953. Documentation demonstrates that decontamination activities and radiological surveys 

were performed by ANL in the East Pavilion of the facility in 1949. It should be noted that 

while no such documentation was available for review relative to the West Court, which ANL 

occupied through 1953, a radiological survey was performed for the DOE in 1977 resulting in 

no identifiable residual contamination above normal background readings. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Completed survey for contamination of the East Pavilion of the Museum of Science 

and Industry Building July 19, 1949

• Final survey of the East Pavilion of the Museum of Science and Industry Building July 

19, 1949

• FUSRAP Radiological Survey of the Museum of Science and Industry, February 

1979

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 142 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: National Guard Armory 

Chicago, Illinois

ALSO KNOWN AS: Washington Park Armory

TIME PERIOD: 1942-1951; 

Residual Radiation 1952-1986;

DOE 1987 (Remediation)

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In the 1940s, the Manhattan Project leased the National Guard Armory from the State of 

Illinois for uranium processing and radioactive material storage. In 1951, the site was 

returned to the State of Illinois.

Although this site was designated as part of the Formerly Utilized Site Remediation Action 

Program (FUSRAP) in 1985, the only year in which remediation work took place was 1987.

DISCUSSION:

A radiological survey was performed for the DOE from September 1977 through October 

1978, identifying widespread contamination in several areas of the facility and localized 

concentrations in others. The Certification Docket for Remedial Action Performed at the 

National Guard Armory confirmed that remedial actions completed in1987 were successful. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• FUSRAP Radiological Survey of National Guard Armory September 19, 1977 –

October 11, 1978

• Certification Docket for Remedial Action Performed at the National Guard Armory

April 1987 – June 1987

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1952 - 1986
Page 143 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: National Research Corp.

Cambridge, Massachusetts

ALSO KNOWN AS: NRC

TIME PERIOD: 1944-1952; Residual Radiation 1953-1987

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

National Research Corp. had Manhattan Engineer District experience in working with 

vacuum centrifugal castings, in developing jets and baffles for diffusion pumps, and in 

developing cold trap systems. National Research's work with vacuum centrifugal castings 

(contract W-7405-eng-293) involved casting tube alloy (uranium metal) using the "lost wax" 

technique. In 1948, National Research did work for Mallinckrodt involving the vacuum 

melting of approximately 500 pounds of uranium. 

A December 1946 letter indicates that National Research Corp. requested a "leak detector for 

use in connection with some special development work on beryllium." It is not clear whether 

this work was ever actually done. 

DISCUSSION:

Documentation reviewed indicates a potential for significant residual contamination outside 

of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. The location and/or facility and 

associated equipment used for these activities is described as a “shack” adjacent to the 70 

Memorial Drive laboratory. Records indicate that the shack was demolished and replaced with 

an apartment building sometime prior to 1987.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• The Aerospace Corporation memo, title: Elimination Recommendation Former 

National Research Corporation Site 70 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Mass.; from 

Charles D. Young to Andrew Wallo III, dated 5 October 1987

• Telephone Contact 1987

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1953 – 1987
Page 144 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: New England Lime Co.

Canaan, Connecticut

ALSO KNOWN AS: NELCO

TIME PERIOD: 1963

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In 1963, the New England Lime Co. (NELCO) conducted tests on “prill,” a magnesiumuranium waste product, to determine the feasibility of recovering these materials for re-use in 

the nuclear weapons production system. The prill came from the AEC’s NLO (Fernald) 

facility. Six drums of prill were sent from NLO (Fernald) to NELCO for the test. 

The New England Lime Co. also provided magnesium and calcium to the MED and AEC from 

1944-1956. This work did not involve radioactive materials.

DISCUSSION:

The New England Lime Company was asked to determine the feasibility of extracting 

magnesium and uranium from contaminated prill. Documentation available for review 

describes the material handled as sludge containing 1.75% uranium. Documentation also 

indicates that the workforce involved received fundamental training with respect to 

radioactive material handling, controls and monitoring, which provides support for the 

determination that there is little potential for residual contamination after operations. A 

December 1963 memo states that this process would be cost-prohibitive. There is no 

indication that anything other than the initial test took place.

Due to the low levels of uranium in the sludge and the fact that this was done only on a test 

basis, the potential for significant residual radioactivity is very low.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Memo describing work performed; November 11, 1963

• Trip Report to New England Lime Company on June 11 and 12, 1963

• Memo; Recovery of Magnesium-Uranium Residues at NELCO December 11, 1963

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 145 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: New York University

New York, New York

TIME PERIOD: 1946-1952

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

New York University (NYU) worked on the development of counting equipment for the

MED/AEC. NYU handled a small quantity of uranium for research purposes.

DISCUSSION:

Available documentation does not clearly establish that research and development work 

performed for the AEC involved the handling of radioactive materials. There is 

documentation describing a request for a small quantity of UO3 made in 1952, but there is no 

evidence of receipt or disposition of this material. 

Based on the information contained in available documentation, recognizing that laboratory 

controls would have likely been implemented to prevent cross-contamination of the detector 

instruments being developed and tested, and the limited amount of radioactive materials

handled, there is little potential for residual contamination outside the covered period.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Request for Uranium Oxide for New York University, May 19, 1952

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 146 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Norton Co.

Worcester, Massachusetts

TIME PERIOD: 1945-1957; Residual Radiation 1958 - October 2009

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Norton manufactured refractory products from boron, beryllium, uranium, thorium, and 

magnesium oxide for the MED and the AEC. 

As early as 1943, Norton was providing boron to the SAM laboratory. Documents show that 

Norton began working with beryllium for the MED in approximately September 1944 and that 

work with beryllium continued through 1956. Work with thorium and uranium continued 

through 1957 at Norton's Worcester location. 

Norton continued to manufacture refractory products until at least 1965 for the AEC weapons 

complex, including Rocky Flats, Hanford and Y-12. However, after 1957 these contracts 

specified that the refractory products were to be made out of magnesium oxide. Since 

magnesium oxide is not radioactive, Norton's work with it does not qualify it as an Atomic 

Weapons Employer for these years. 

DISCUSSION:

Norton also provided thorium and uranium products to the MED/AEC. The company 

produced uranium crucibles for Argonne and fused thoria slugs that were irradiated in 

Hanford reactors. Contracts indicate Norton continued to produce refractory materials for the 

AEC until 1961. 

Documentation reviewed indicates work with radioactive materials, performed for the AEC 

may have ended sometime in the late 1950s. Norton received an AEC license in the mid 

1950s.

A US NRC Document, SECY 97-067, states that remediation of the interior of the building 

had been completed, and the NRC surveys confirmed that the interior satisfies NRC criteria 

for release for unrestricted use. However, NRC evaluation of the company's remediation 

activities for the buried sewer pipe is ongoing.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• US NRC SECY 97-067, March 26, 1997

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 147 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1958 - present
Page 148 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Nuclear Materials and Equipment Corp. (NUMEC) 

Apollo, Pennsylvania

ALSO KNOWN AS: Babcock & Wilcox

Atlantic Richfield Corp. (ARCO)

TIME PERIOD: 1957-1983; Residual Radiation 1984-1995

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The Nuclear Materials and Equipment Corp. (NUMEC) began operations at the Apollo and 

Parks Township facilities in the late 1950s. The Atlantic Richfield Corp.(ARCO) purchased 

the stock of NUMEC in 1967. In 1971, Babcock & Wilcox (B&W) purchased NUMEC and is 

the current owner of the Apollo and Parks Township facilities. 

NUMEC processed unirradiated uranium scrap for the AEC in the 1960s. This facility also 

provided enriched uranium to the naval reactors program and included a plutonium plant, 

plutonium plant storage area, high-enriched uranium fuel facility, metals and hafnium 

complex and a uranium hexafluoride storage area. The facility also fabricated plutoniumberyllium neutron sources. 

The B&W Apollo facility ceased manufacturing nuclear fuel in 1983. 

DISCUSSION:

Documentation reviewed indicates residual contamination existed outside of the period in 

which weapons-related production occurred. Facility remediation was completed in 1995, 

under NRC license termination with partial funding through the DOE. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• US NRC Document SECY-97-015, Removal of the Babcock & Wilcox Apollo Site 

from the Site Decommissioning Management Plan.

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1984 -1995
Page 149 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Nuclear Materials and Equipment Corp. (NUMEC) 

Parks Township, Pennsylvania

ALSO KNOWN AS: Babcock & Wilcox

Atlantic Richfield Corp. (ARCO)

TIME PERIOD: 1957-1980; Residual Radiation 1981-2004

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The Nuclear Materials and Equipment Corp. (NUMEC) began operations at the Apollo and 

Parks Township facilities in 1957. The Atlantic Richfield Corp.(ARCO) purchased the stock of 

NUMEC in 1967. In 1971, Babcock & Wilcox (B&W) purchased NUMEC and is the current 

owner of the Apollo and Parks Township facilities. 

The primary function of the NUMEC Parks Township facility was the fabrication of 

plutonium fuel, the preparation of high-enriched uranium fuel, and the production of 

zirconium/hafnium bars. The Parks Township facility ceased fuel fabrication activities in 

1980. 

DISCUSSION:

Documentation reviewed indicates that significant residual contamination existed outside of 

the covered period in which weapons-related production occurred, which is indistinguishable 

from non-related contamination. An August 2004 U.S. NRC document indicates that SNM414 was terminated and the Parks Township facility was released for unrestricted use on 

August 24, 2004.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• U.S. NRC document, SECY-04-0163, Weekly Information Report - Week Ending 

August 27, 2004.

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1981 - 2004
Page 150 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Nuclear Metals, Inc.

West Concord, Massachusetts

ALSO KNOWN AS: NMI

Starmet, Inc.

MIT Met Lab

Whittaker Corp., Nuclear Metals Division

TIME PERIOD: 1958 -1990; Residual Radiation 1991 - October 2009

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Nuclear Metals, Inc. was incorporated in 1954. It's work evolved out of the MIT Metallurgical 

Laboratory. In 1958, the company moved from Cambridge (where the MIT lab had been) to 

Concord. The company's current name is Starmet. 

In 1958, Nuclear Metals began operating as a facility that produced depleted uranium

products, primarily as penetrators for armor-piercing ammunition. It also supplied copperplated uranium billets that were used to fuel Savannah River's production reactors. Other 

work at this facility included the manufacture of metal powders for medical applications, 

photocopiers and other applications. Thorium and thorium oxide were also handled at the site 

under license to the NRC. 

During the period from 1962-1986, Nuclear Metals was the sole source supplier for beryllium 

alloy end closure fuel element rings used in the “N” Reactor in Richland.

DISCUSSION:

During the period from 1962-1986, Nuclear Metals was the sole source supplier for beryllium 

alloy end closure fuel element rings used in the “N” Reactor in Richland. Records also 

indicate beryllium work for the AEC at various times during the 1940s and 1950s. 

Documentation reviewed indicates that significant residual contamination exists outside of the 

period in which work was performed with weapons-related material. This facility is on the 

USEPA National Priority Listing (NPL) and is undergoing cleanup.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• US EPA Superfund Site Progress File Nuclear Metals Inc 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1991 - present
Page 151 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Oliver Corp.

Battle Creek, Michigan 

TIME PERIOD: 1956-1957; 1961-1962

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The Oliver Corporation participated in green salt briquetting testing for the National Lead 

Company of Ohio (Fernald). Records indicate that testing took place in November 1956, July 

1957, May 1961 and May 1962. It is unclear from the documentation whether the company 

ever performed this work at a production level. The Oliver Corporation AEC license history 

indicates that it was licensed to receive 350 pounds of normal uranium (40-6977 - 03/08/63) 

and 20,000 pounds of uranium enriched U-235 (70-646 – 03/26/62) (but comments that 

records indicate that it is not related to its work for NLO).

DISCUSSION:

Trip reports from this period report that post-work surveys found no detectably contamination 

above background. These reports detail steps taken to minimize contamination before 

operations; monitoring that was performed during the activity; and decontamination efforts 

performed after the activities. Because of these activities the potential for residual 

contamination is very low.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation include:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Memo, D.E. Carr to J.A. Quigley, M.D., "Trip Report to Oliver Corporation, Battle 

Creek, Michigan, from October 31 to November 5, 1956," dated Dec 17, 1956.

• Memo, E.M. Chenault to J.A. Quigley, M.D., "Trip Report to Oliver Corporation,

Battle Creek Michigan, on July 22-26, 1957," dated Aug 7, 1957.

• Memo, R. L. Bipes to J.A. Quigley, M.D., "Trip Report to the Oliver Corporation, 

Battle Creek, Michigan, on April 23-27 and May 3-5, 1962," dated May 21, 1962.

• Memo, R.H. Starkey and E.M. Chenault to H. A. Kraus, "Additional precautionary 

health and safety steps necessary at Oliver Corp.," dated Aug 14, 1961.

• Memo, R.H. Starkey and E.M. Chenault to J.A. Quigley, M.D., "Trip Report to the 

Oliver Corporation, Battle Creek, Michigan, on April 10-14, 1961," dated May 1, 

1961.

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 152 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Painesville Site (Diamond Magnesium Co.)

Painesville, Ohio

ALSO KNOWN AS: Uniroyal

Lonza Chemical

TIME PERIOD: No longer listed as a covered facility

DISCUSSION:

This facility was removed as a covered facility per Federal Register notice (Vol. 75 No. 148,

45608, Tuesday August 3, 2010).
Page 153 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Penn Salt Co.

Philadelphia/Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 

TIME PERIOD: 1953-1956

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Penn Salt Co. experimented with samples of fluoride-containing by-products from AEC 

operations to determine if they could be used for hydrogen fluoride production or to extract 

uranium from the material. Penn Salt Co. was licensed to receive scrap from AEC 

operations. 

DISCUSSION:

Penn Salt Co. was licensed at one time to receive 2,000 pounds of magnesium fluoride scrap 

containing 1 to 5 percent uranium. This material was to be used in the production of hydrogen 

fluoride. Although Penn Salt expressed interest in extracting uranium, documentation shows 

that this would have to be further considered. There is no indication that uranium extraction 

ever took place. The site was removed from FUSRAP in 1987 because of low probability for 

contamination. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation include:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Memo: Sample Received from the Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Co June 8, 1953

• Source Material License C-3448 January 20, 1956

• Memo Fluoride-containing by-products from AEC operations, May 11, 1953

• FUSRAP Elimination Recommendation

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 154 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Podbeliniac Corp.

Chicago, Illinois

ALSO KNOWN AS: Capitol Associates

TIME PERIOD: 1957

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In 1957, National Lead Company of Ohio (Fernald) used equipment at the Podbeliniac Corp. 

to conduct an extraction experiment using uranium in solution. NLO later traveled to the site 

to oversee the decontamination of equipment used in the experiment. 

DISCUSSION:

Available documentation includes a National Lead of Ohio, trip summary describing the 

decontamination efforts and residual contamination levels after completion of a limited scale 

operation. Based on the available documentation, there is little potential for significant 

residual contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Trip Report to Podbeliniac Corp on February 14, 1957

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 155 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Precision Extrusion Co.

Bensenville, Illinois

TIME PERIOD: 1949-1950; 1956-1959 

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Precision Extrusion Co. was involved in several projects for the AEC and ANL. From 1949 to 

1950, it extruded experimental fuel channel tubes from aluminum and aluminum-lithium 

alloys. During 1956 through 1959, Precision Extrusion performed several uranium extrusion 

projects on a small-scale basis. 

DISCUSSION:

It was not clear in the documentation whether the site handled any radioactive material in

the1949-1950 timeframe. All the work at that time appeared to be with aluminum and various 

alloys.

The work in 1956-1959 seemed to be experimental in basis and was not performed on a 

production scale. All testing operations were accompanied by ANL personnel, and 

decontamination and surveying of the machinery was conducted after each test.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Memo, H. Wm. Gaut to John R. Novak, "Extrusion of Uranium Oxide Aluminum 

Billets in Bensenville, Illinois," dated April 17, 1956.

• Memo, G. T. Lonergan and C. S. McKee to John R. Novak, "Extrusion of Billets, 

Precision Extrusion Company, May 24, 1958," dated Aug 12, 1958.

• Memo, C. S. McKee to J. R. Novak, "Survey at Precision Extrusion Company 

Following Extrusion of Billets," dated March 30, 1959.

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 156 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Purdue University

Lafayette, Indiana

ALSO KNOWN AS: Chemistry Building, Locomotive Lab

TIME PERIOD: 1942-1946

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Purdue University was involved in Nuclear Physics research during the Manhattan Project. 

DISCUSSION:

Documentation indicates Purdue University performed work related to “Hydrochlorination of 

T salts followed by a vapor phase chlorinization of the resulting residue to give satisfactory 

TCl4 product with no appreciable loss of T material.” 

Other work included unspecified testing of what appears to be one pound of uranium metal 

sawdust, and process development in the manufacture of fluorocarbons. 

Materials used appear to be small research quantities. A FUSRAP determination made in 

1987 indicates little likelihood for radioactive contamination.

Documentation reviewed suggests that limited research quantities of material were used. 

There is also documentation of contamination and airborne radioactivity surveys that were 

performed during operations. Because of the small amount of material handles and the fact 

that radiological monitoring was being performed, little potential exists for radioactive 

contamination resulting from AEC/DOE research beyond the period in which weaponsrelated production occurred. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Memo Study of Precipitation of Hydrochlorination of T Salts March 15, 1945

• Memo Shipment of X Metal Sawdust, May 24, 1944

• Memo Shipment of XF5 to Purdue, May 20, 1944

• Memo Measurement of Dust Samples July 17, 1945

• Documentation of contamination of physics building, June 1944

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 157 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Quality Hardware and Machine Co.

Chicago, Illinois 

ALSO KNOWN AS: Ravenswood Venture, Marden Manufacturing

TIME PERIOD: 1944-1945

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Quality Hardware and Machine Co. had a contract to support the University of Chicago. The 

company canned experimental unbonded uranium slugs for Hanford, and may have canned 

all of the slugs used in the Hanford production reactors during World War II. 

DISCUSSION:

The documentation reviewed shows that the Quality Hardware and Machine Company 

completed work for the University of Chicago for the periods of February 1, 1944 through 

December 30, 1944 and February 28 1945 through June 30, 1945. There is a potential for 

removable contamination from the oxidization of the uranium slug prior to nitric acid 

cleaning. Once the slug was coated in aluminum, the potential for contamination is 

essentially eliminated.

Although the nature of the work performed would not likely result in significant residual 

contamination, there was no documentation to confirm this. The site was recommended for a 

designation survey by ORNL in 1987, and FUSRAP records indicate that a survey was 

completed in 1989. The results of the 1989 survey indicate that no contamination in excess of 

current levels was identified. It is believed that little potential exists for radioactive 

contamination resulting from AEC/DOE research beyond the period in which weaponsrelated production occurred.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Radiological Survey at 5823-5845 North Ravenswood Avenue, October 1989

• FUSRAP Elimination Report for Former Quality Hardware and Machine Co July 

1990

• Memos Visits to Quality Hardware June and August 1944

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 158 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: R. Krasburg and Sons Manufacturing Co.

Chicago, Illinois

TIME PERIOD: 1944

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In 1944, R. Krasberg entered into a subcontract with the University of Chicago for services 

and supplies for the Metallurgical Laboratory. The subcontract required Krasberg to provide 

necessary personnel, facilities and equipment to produce special machining of parts for 

special equipment, tools, jigs, fixtures, etc., from materials furnished by the University. It is 

unclear from the documentation whether Krasberg handled any radioactive materials as part 

of its work.

DISCUSSION:

The contract reviewed specified Krasberg to provide necessary personnel, facilities and 

equipment to produce special machining of parts for special equipment, tools, jigs, fixtures, 

etc. There is no indication that radioactive material was handled at this site.

A radiological survey of the facility conducted by Oak Ridge Associated Universities 

(ORAU) did not identify any radioactive contamination at the facility above the levels 

specified in 10 CFR 835. Exposure rates in the facility were well within the range typically 

considered background levels. The facility was removed from FUSRAP status in late 1989.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Radiological Survey at 2501 West Homer Street, October 1989

• FUSRAP Elimination Report for Former Krasburg and Sons Co, July 1990 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 159 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: R. W. Leblond Machine Tool Co.

Cincinnati Ohio

TIME PERIOD: 1961

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

National Lead Company of Ohio (Fernald) contracted with Leblond Machine for the 

purchase of a rapid boring machine. In 1961, acceptances tests, using 17 tons of natural 

uranium, were conducted at Leblond Machine.

DISCUSSION:

It is not clear on the exact quantity of uranium that was used during the first test; however, 

there are references to fourteen 7-inch x 21-inch billets being successfully drilled. For the 

second test, documentation exists to support 60,000 pounds of uranium metal being shipped 

to the R.W. Leblond Machine Tool Co. for the test.

At the conclusion of each test, there is documentation describing decontamination of 

equipment, and a return of all metal, machining chips, fines, turnings and decontamination 

equipment to the FMPC. The cutting oil used in the process was released to Leblond after 

analysis showed that the uranium contamination was 2.4 mg/liter.

There is little likelihood of significant residual contamination remaining at the facility at the 

conclusion of the September testing period.

Documentation indicates that there were only two tests conducted at the facility. Given the 

nature of the described decontamination effort, and controls that were put in place during the 

testing, there is little potential for significant contamination at the facility after the second test 

was complete. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Trip Report to Leblond Machine Tool Company on January 16-20, 1961 

• Trip Report to Leblond Machine Tool Company on August 21,23 and 25 and 

September 1, 8, and 11, 1961

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 160 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Radium Chemical Company, Inc 

New York, New York

ALSO KNOWN AS: J. Kelly 

TIME PERIOD: 1943-1950; Residual Radiation 1951-1994

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Beginning in 1943, the Radium Chemical Co. supplied most of the radium required for the 

Manhattan Engineer District. Combinations of material supplied and/or mixed by the Radium 

Chemical Company included radium bromide and radium bromide mixed with powdered 

beryllium. Brass was also used.

DISCUSSION:

The facility was in operation as late as the 1980s. In 1987, the New York State Attorney 

General issued a Stipulation and Order intended to result in the ultimate decontamination of 

the facility. Decontamination was initiated in 1988, by the State of New York. 

Documentation reviewed indicates there is a potential for residual contamination outside of 

the covered period, which in part resulted from contracted work with the MED/AEC, and 

would be indistinguishable from non-AWE work residues. This facility was eliminated from 

FUSRAP, but added to the National Priority Listing under the USEPA. 

In the late 1980s approximately 100 curies of radium needles were removed which were most 

likely not AWE related. The EPA then selected the final site remedy. This consisted of partial 

decontamination of the building, followed by its complete dismantling and disposal in 

appropriate facilities. Cleanup actions began in November 1990 and all work was completed 

in July 1994.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• US EPA Radium Chemical Company 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1951 - 1994
Page 161 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Rare Earths/W.R. Grace 

Wayne, New Jersey

TIME PERIOD: 1950-1960; Residual Radiation 1961-1984; 1988-2001; DOE 

1985 -1987 

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Rare Earths extracted thorium from monazite sands from 1950-1960 under various contracts 

with the AEC. The AEC needed the thorium for its weapons program. Although the processing 

of monazite sands continued at Rare Earths through 1971, it was no longer performed under 

contract for the AEC, but rather was for commercial purposes. 

Remediation activities were conducted from 1985-1987 by Thermo Analytical/Eberline and 

Bechtel National Inc. (BNI) under the BNI umbrella contract as part of the Formerly Utilized 

Site Remediation Action Program (FUSRAP). 

DISCUSSION:

Radiological surveys were conducted at the property in 1981 and 1982, and the site entered 

the FUSRAP process. The site was added to the National Priorities List in 1985.

Based on the inability to distinguish AEC related contamination from that of commercial 

operations, results in a determination that AEC related residual contamination existed outside 

the period in which weapons-related production occurred. A January 2006 Fact Sheet on the

US Army Corps of Engineers website indicates that removal of all contaminated materials 

was completed in December of 2001.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• US Army Corps of Engineers document FUSRAP Wayne Interim Storage Site, 

January 2006.

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1961–1984; 1988-2001
Page 162 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Reed Rolled Thread Co.

Worcester, Massachusetts

ALSO KNOWN AS: Reed Rolled Thread and Die

TIME PERIOD: 1955; Residual Radiation 1956- October 2009

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In 1955, Reed Rolled Thread and Die was scheduled to thread roll a test lot of 1500 

Savannah River plant slugs for National Lead Company of Ohio (Fernald).

DISCUSSION:

A memo from National Lead of Ohio to C.L. Karl states that 1500 slugs will be thread rolled 

on September 14 and 15, 1955. Another NLO memo states that 1711 slugs were successfully 

thread rolled on September 27 and 28 of 1955.

With the absence of any known radiological survey data from this or any other period, based 

on the assumption that the work did occur, there is a potential for the existence of significant 

residual contamination after completion of the operations. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Memo: Resume Activities July 1955

• Memo: Resume Activities September 1955

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1956 - present
Page 163 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Revere Copper and Brass 

Detroit, Michigan

TIME PERIOD: 1943-1954

Residual Radiation 1960-1984

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Between 1943 and 1946, Revere Copper and Brass extruded uranium rods in its Detroit plant. 

During the late 1940s and early 1950s Revere rolled or extruded uranium rods.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation also suggests that thorium metal (presumably Th-232) was formed, rolled 

extruded, and /or machined by Revere Copper and Brass sometime during the period above. 

There is no indication of the quantity of material that was processed.

Argonne National Laboratory personnel performed a preliminary survey of the facility in 

1981, finding no significant residual contamination in readily accessible areas or equipment. 

It was recommended in that report that a more detailed and thorough survey be performed to 

assess overhead and other surface areas for accumulated airborne uranium aerosols/dust based 

on the nature of the prior work performed and the absence of ventilation systems for control. 

Information indicates that some of the equipment that was used during the AEC contract was 

still in use at the facility as late as 1981, but subsequently stolen when the facility was closed 

and demolished in 1984, prior to a detailed survey having been performed. DOE eliminated 

the facility from FUSRAP actions in 1990, based on the preliminary survey results (1981) and 

the absence of the facility due to demolition (1984). 

Based on the nature of uranium extrusion work and associated activities with thorium, 

coupled with the lack of a detailed radiological survey, it is determined that this facility poses 

a potential for significant residual contamination outside the period in which weapons-related 

production occurred up to the time that the facility was demolished.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• ANL Preliminary Survey Report; Subject: Notes and Comments Revere Copper and 

Brass, Detroit, MI, circa 4/22/81

• DOE Report, FUSRAP Elimination Report for the Former Revere Copper and Brass 

Corporation, 5851 West Jefferson Street, Detroit Michigan, March 30, 1990. 
Page 164 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1955 – 1984
Page 165 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Roger Iron Co.

Joplin, Missouri

ALSO KNOWN AS: Roger Iron Works Company

TIME PERIOD: 1956

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The Roger Iron Company conducted a test operation involving crushing of a dolomite c-liner 

for the AEC. The liner had trace amounts of uranium and magnesium fluoride. The test 

involved four individuals, including two employees of National Lead of Ohio (Fernald). NLO 

also monitored the air during the time of the test.

DISCUSSION:

This was a single point test conducted at the vendor’s facility. Air monitoring was performed 

during the crushing operation, both Breathing Zone and General Area samples were collected. 

There is little information regarding the disposition of the material following the test. Given 

the results of the air monitoring, and the fact that this test was conducted over a short period 

of time, with material containing only trace quantities of radioactive material, it is doubtful 

that there was a significant spread of radioactive contamination.

A FUSRAP determination made in 1990, excluded the site from further consideration.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Radiological Survey of Air Dust August 7, 1956 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 166 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Sciaky Brothers, Inc.

Chicago, Illinois

TIME PERIOD: 1953

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In 1953, Argonne National Laboratory suggested that Sciaky Brothers be used to perform a 

stitch welding operation for a uranium cord, zirconium clad specimen EBR irradiation. The 

documentation does not indicate whether this work actually took place. The company may 

also have done electron beam melting or welding of uranium metal on an experimental basis.

DISCUSSION:

This appears to be a single operation involving only one specimen containing 12 to 13 grams 

of enriched uranium. Given that the uranium was clad when provided to Sciaky Brothers, and 

the operation apparently only occurred once, there is little potential for radioactive 

contamination at this facility.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Memo Stitch Welding of Uranium Cored Zirconium Clad Specimen for EBR 

Irradiation; May 14, 1953 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 167 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Seaway Industrial Park

Tonawanda, New York

ALSO KNOWN AS: Charles St. Plant

TIME PERIOD: 1974; Residual Radiation 1975 - October 2009

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In 1974, the Ashland Oil Company constructed bermed areas on the Ashland #1 property to 

hold two petroleum tanks. Some of the soil removed during construction was disposed of in 

three areas of the Seaway Industrial Park landfill. Subsequent investigations determined that 

the soil from the Ashland site contained radioactive contaminants exceeding Department of 

Energy (DOE) guidelines. This soil came from an area used for disposal of radioactive 

residues from the nearby Linde Air Products site. This company processed uranium for the 

Atomic Energy Commission and the Manhattan Engineer District, predecessor agencies of 

the Department of the Energy (DOE). 

Although the Seaway Industrial Park was designated as part of the Formerly Utilized Site 

Remediation Action Program (FUSRAP) in 1984, no work under this program was performed 

prior to its transfer to the Army Corps of Engineers. 

DISCUSSION:

A radiological survey of the property was conducted in 1978 as part of the FUSRAP process. 

The survey indicated that the site was contaminated in an approximately 13-acre area of the 

landfill. External exposures ranged from 8-80 microrem per hour, and averaged 36 microrem 

per hour. DOE cleanup activities were apparently begun, under the FUSRAP program in 

1984. There is no documentation identifying when or if that activity was completed. 

Documentation reviewed indicates the presence of residual contamination outside of the 

period in which weapons-related production occurred. Remediation is ongoing under 

FUSRAP according to a fact sheet issued in August of 2008.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• DOE Report (DOE/EV-0005/6); FUSRAP Radiological Survey of the Seaway 

Industrial Park Tonawanda New York; May 1978 (Final Report)

• US ACE FUSRAP Seaway Site Fact Sheet August 2008.

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 168 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1975 - present
Page 169 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Seymour Specialty Wire 

Seymour, Connecticut

ALSO KNOWN AS: Reactive Metals, Inc.

National Distillers and Chemical Co.

Bridgeport Brass Co.

TIME PERIOD: 1962-1964; Residual Radiation 1965-1991; DOE 1992-1993 

(remediation)

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

From 1962 to 1964, the Bridgeport Brass Company performed contract work at the Seymour 

site for the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC). This work involved developing an extrusion 

process for natural uranium metal. After 1964, the work was consolidated at the Reactive 

Metals site in Ohio. Operation of the Seymour site was later taken over by employees and the 

facility eventually became the Seymour Specialty Wire Company. 

Although this site was designated as part of the Formerly Utilized Site Remediation Action 

Program (FUSRAP) in 1985, remediation only took place during 1992 and 1993. This work 

was performed under the Bechtel National Inc. umbrella contract or DOE site environmental 

remediation.

DISCUSSION:

A radiological survey was conducted at the facility in 1964. According to the records, 

removable contamination ranged from 20-90 dpm/100 cm2 and fixed contamination ranged 

from <800 dpm-3200 dpm/60 cm2. The facility was substantially renovated sometime prior to 

1977, to house corporate printing operations and a warehouse. While residual contamination 

in 1964 met existing standards and a survey in 1977 didn't find a need for decontamination, 

subsequent surveys in 1985 and 1993 found areas that exceeded then-applicable standards. A 

December 1985 memo determining that this site should be remediated, also states that the 

remaining contamination is inaccessible, and therefore if not disturbed poses no threat to 

anyone.

In 1985, the site was designated under FUSRAP for remedial action because of contamination 

detected in floor drains, soil contamination and minor surface contamination. Cleanup of the 

site was completed in 1993 with the removal of approximately 38 cubic yards of waste. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Results of the Independent Radiological Survey at the Former Bridgeport Brass 

Company; March 1995

• Certification Docket for the Remedial Action Performed at the Seymour Specialty 

Wire Site in 1992-1993; December 1995
Page 170 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1965 - 1991
Page 171 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Shattuck Chemical

Denver, Colorado

ALSO KNOWN AS: Dawn Mining Corp

Denn Mining Corp

TIME PERIOD: 1950s; 1963; Residual Radiation 1960-1962; 1964-2006

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Shattuck Chemical prepared uranium compounds and uranium oxide in the late 1950s. (This 

was probably done under a Source Materials License issued by the Atomic Energy 

Commission.) Shattuck also processed refined uranium and produced natural uranium oxides 

on a commercial basis for the private market, and in 1963, supplied a small quantity of 

uranium to the Rocky Flats plant.

DISCUSSION:

In 1987, a FUSRAP elimination recommendation was made with the basis being “no records 

found which indicate there were any contracts between MED/AEC and Shattuck.”

Available documentation indicates that residual contamination from AWE related work is 

indistinguishable from non-AWE related contamination. This facility was undergoing soil 

removal and site remediation under USEPA Superfund projects program. The last step of the 

remediation process was the removal of all radioactive materials from the site of the former 

Shattuck Chemical Company Site, OU8, which was completed in July 2006.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• US EPA Superfund Program Denver Radium Site

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1960 - 1962, 1964 - 2006
Page 172 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Shpack Landfill

Norton, Massachusetts

ALSO KNOWN AS: Metal and Controls Nuclear Corp.

Texas Instruments

M&C Nuclear

TIME PERIOD: 1960-1965; Residual Radiation 1966 - October 2009

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The Shpack Landfill began operating as a private landfill in the early 1960s and received 

both industrial and domestic wastes. The landfill was closed in 1965 under court order. In 

1978, a concerned citizen who had detected elevated radiation levels at the site contacted the 

Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The Commission investigated the site and confirmed the 

presence of radioactivity in excess of natural background levels for the area. Exactly when 

these contaminants were deposited at the site is not known. However, the Nuclear Regulatory 

Commission determined that the Texas Instruments plant (see Metals and Controls Corp.) of 

Attleboro had used the landfill to dispose of trash and other materials. The Nuclear 

Regulatory Commission concluded that the contaminants probably resulted from this waste 

stream.

DISCUSSION:

Residues and waste containing uranium (enriched to > 90%), thorium, and radium have been 

detected in the soil and groundwater of the site. Radiological surveys taken in the late 1970s 

revealed extensive contamination at the landfill.

The site was turned over to the Army Corps of Engineers in 1997. The US EPA Waste Site 

Cleanup website projects the cleanup to be completed in 2009.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• USEPA Waste Site Cleanup and Reuse in New England; Shpack Landfill

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1966-present
Page 173 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Simonds Saw and Steel Company 

Lockport, New York

ALSO KNOWN AS: Allegheny-Ludlum Steel Corp.

Simonds Saw and Steel Division

Guteri Special Steel Corp.

TIME PERIOD: 1948-1957; Residual Radiation 1957- October 2009

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Simonds Saw and Steel rolled uranium billets into rods for the AEC as part of the multi-site 

process overseen by the New York Operations Office for the production of uranium metal for 

fabrication into slugs for fueling Hanford production reactors. Simonds also rolled thorium 

metal whose most likely use was irradiation in Hanford reactors for the weapons program. 

Simonds rolled between 25 million and 35 million pounds of uranium and between 30,000 to 

40,000 pounds of thorium.

DISCUSSION:

Records indicate that between 25 million and 35 million pounds of uranium, and 30,000 to 

40,000 pounds of thorium may have been processed at this facility. Contract activities with 

AEC ended sometime in the 1957-58 period. As part of contract termination, a large-scale 

facility decontamination was required to have been performed, but it is unclear whether it was 

ever performed. A 1976 ORNL survey of the facility identified alpha contamination was 

within “acceptable “limits, but beta-gamma radiation “...in some areas exceeded the 

maximum allowable for unrestricted use specified in NRC guidelines.” 

Documentation reviewed indicates significant residual contamination outside of the period in 

which weapons-related production occurred. A US EPA FUSRAP website includes a fact 

sheet published in March of 2008 which states that the clean-up is still underway.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• US ACE FUSRAP Guterl Steel Fact Sheet; March 2008

• FUSRAP Radiological Survey of the Former Simonds Saw and Steel Co; November 

1979
Page 174 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1958 - present
Page 175 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Southern Research Institute

Birmingham, Alabama

TIME PERIOD: 1955-1958; 1962; 1976; Res. Rad. 1959-1961; 1963-1975; 

1977 - October 2009 

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The Southern Research Institute was involved in several AEC projects. During the period 

from November 10, 1955 through June 1, 1958, it was licensed (License #C-3417) to receive 

source material from National Lead Company of Ohio (Fernald) for research on the 

properties of uranium-liquid metal fuel elements. The Institute performed hot tensile tests on 

uranium metal and was authorized to receive 300 pounds of normal uranium from NLO. 

Records also indicate that it handled test quantities of radioactive metals for NLO in 1976. 

The file also contains a proposal to NLO to test uranium workability at elevated temperature, 

but does not indicate if the work was done.

DISCUSSION:

There is no mention of the work performed in 1976, other than a FUSRAP document 

identifying test quantities of uranium. However, there is no mention of this work actually 

being performed.

From available documentation it appears that the work conducted by SRI was limited in scope 

and involved small amounts of radioactive material (uranium). No radiological survey data 

available from during or after the performance of this work is known to exist. It does appear 

that SRI was aware of, and implemented, appropriate laboratory controls during the work, 

which would limit the potential for residual contamination. However, in the absence of any 

radiological survey data, residual contamination cannot be ruled out.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Memo: Hot Tensile Tests of Uranium-Southern Research Institute, June 1, 1962

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1959 - 1961, 1963 - 1975, 1977 - present
Page 176 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Spencer Chemical Co., Jayhawks Works 

Pittsburg, Kansas

TIME PERIOD: 1956-1961; Residual Radiation 1962 - 1964

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The Spencer Chemical Company, Jayhawks Works, processed unirradiated uranium

scrap for the AEC, recovering enriched uranium from it for use in the weapons complex. By 

May 12, 1961, Spencer Chemical had ceased operations and disposed of its nuclear 

materials.

DISCUSSION:

Other information in the provided documentation indicates there was some work with 

uranium hexafluoride, uranium oxide, and thorium. Uranium enrichments apparently ranged 

from depleted to 93%.

There were two Special Nuclear Material licenses issued to Spencer Chemical at this facility, 

#154 and #329. SNM-329 allowed the facility to possess up to 1,000 kilograms of 5% 

enriched uranium at any one time. SNM-154 was not available for this review, but in the 

absence of any identified license amendments to SNM-329, higher enriched work and thorium 

work may have been conducted under SNM-154. Spencer Chemical also had a Source 

Material License (C-4352) issued, however the specifications of that were unavailable. 

Spencer Chemical was cited for non-compliance with license conditions as a result of a May 

2-5, 1961 inspection by the AEC.

The total quantities of material handled under these licenses were not identified in the 

documents reviewed, and in 1962, SNM-154 and SNM-329 were cancelled. As a condition of 

the license cancellations, Spencer Chemical was required to provide documentation to the 

AEC that all material had been removed from the facility, and that remaining contamination 

levels should not exceed specified contamination levels which are consistent with current 

standards. 

An NRC document states that a site inspection was performed on April 30, 1964 and found 

that the site met conditions for license termination.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Termination of Special Nuclear Material License No. SNM-154

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 177 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1962- 1964
Page 178 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Sperry Products, Inc.

Danbury, Connecticut

ALSO KNOWN AS: PCC Technical Industries 

TIME PERIOD: 1952-1953

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In 1952 and 1953, Sperry developed processes for testing and examining uranium plates for 

the Sylvania Corp., a major AEC contractor.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation exists supporting that there was only a small quantity of material processed. 

There is no evidence of work with radioactive material prior to July 15, 1953. The existing 

documentation confirms receipt of a total of 10,890 grams (less than 24 pounds) of uranium. 

While there is no documentation containing the results of radiological surveys, little potential 

exists for radioactive contamination resulting from AEC/DOE testing beyond the period in 

which weapons-related production occurred. 

Based on documentation provided, the testing involved ultrasound of uranium plates. Given 

the nature of the work and the limited quantity of material used at the facility, there is little 

likelihood for residual radioactive contamination and subsequent employee exposure.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website along with documentation 

provided by the DOE ES&H Group, consisting of internal DOE facility evaluation 

documentation.

• Memo Flat Plate Elements for Ultrasonic Inspection, December 2, 1953

• Memo Flat Plate Samples for Testing at Sperry Products, August 17, 1953

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 179 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: St. Louis Airport Storage Site (SLAPS)

St. Louis, Missouri

ALSO KNOWN AS: Robertson Airport

Robertson Storage Area

TIME PERIOD: No longer listed as an Atomic Weapons Employer Facility

DISCUSSION:

This facility was reclassified as a DOE facility per Federal Register notice (Vol. 75 No. 148, 

45608, Tuesday August 3, 2010).
Page 180 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Standard Oil Development Co. of NJ

Linden, New Jersey

ALSO KNOW AS: Bayway Exxon

TIME PERIOD: 1942-1945; Residual Radiation 1946 - 1991

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Standard Oil performed a variety of tasks during World War II. It was under contract to 

coordinate materials for work to be done by the Metallurgical Laboratories of the Manhattan 

Engineer District. It also conducted studies to develop uranium metal through chemical 

reduction process, and to develop and construct centrifuges for uranium separation. 

The company continued to provide consulting and analytical services for the Atomic Energy 

Commission, but it is not clear if any radioactive materials were handled there after World 

War II. 

DISCUSSION:

Records dated July, 1945 indicate that the plant was dismantled, decontaminated and stored at 

a part of the site leased to the Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD). A 

January 18, 1949 memo describes radioactive materials and residues that remained on the site 

which included 475 pounds of UO3 packaged and never opened. Residues included 1100 

pounds (350-400 gallons) of uranium in process solution and three steel drums of dilute 

uranium solution. A revised site summary for this site issued March 22, 1991 describes a 

January 25, 1949 response to this memo that instructed the materials be shipped to Middlesex 

for subsequent shipment of the trioxide to Harshaw and of the remainder to Vitro. Two 1953 

memoranda discuss potential small-scale research work with uranium. There has been no 

documentation identified showing that this work was ever done at this facility. It should be 

noted that the DOE has not verified that weapons-related work occurred at this facility after 

1945. The revised site summary issued March 22, 1991 states that an NRC inspector had 

reported that the site had been decontaminated. Because no documentation of when the cleanup occurred could be found, the site is assumed to be contaminated until 1991.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• MED letter from C. Bunker to Trent, A brief Description of Dismantlement and 

Decontamination Process; July 27, 1945.

• AEC memorandum from W.A. Erickson to F.M. Belmore, Disposition Instruction; 

January 18, 1949

• AEC Memorandum from Meservey to Kirk, Calcination of UNH to UO3; July 15, 

1953

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Weston OTS Note; Stout to Williams (DOE); Revised Site Summary for the Exxon 

Company in Linden, New Jersey; March 22, 1991.
Page 181 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1946 - 1991
Page 182 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Star Cutter Corp.

Farmington, Michigan

TIME PERIOD: 1956

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The Star Cutter Corporation manufactured machine tools. Records indicate that National 

Lead of Ohio (Fernald) conducted a one-time test of a Star Cutter drill to hollow uranium 

slugs.

DISCUSSION:

The one day test involved approximately 100 pounds of uranium. There is no evidence of any 

subsequent operations involving uranium. National Lead of Ohio personnel were present 

during this test and monitored the air for radioactivity.

Little potential exists for radioactive contamination resulting from processing this material 

beyond the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Airborne Radioactivity Survey Results June 29, 1956

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 183 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Staten Island Warehouse 

New York, New York

ALSO KNOWN AS: Archer Daniels Midland Company

TIME PERIOD: 1942

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

This warehouse was used for uranium ore storage from the Belgian Congo. From this 

warehouse, the ore was transported to various Manhattan Engineer District (MED) sites for 

long-term storage and/or processing. The ore was the property of the African Metals 

Corporation and the MED contractor purchased only the U3O8 content of the ore while 

African Metals retained ownership of the radium and precious metals in the ore.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation identifies that ores stored at this location from 1939 through 1942 were a 

result of an independent speculative business enterprise. The MED learned of this material in 

1942 and subsequently purchased and removed the ores at that time. The building where these 

ores were stored appears to have been demolished after MED acquisition of the materials 

sometime between 1942 and 1946. A radiological survey of the area of the demolished 

storage facility in 1980 identified a localized area of potential contamination.

This material was not government controlled or owned, unlike the materials stored at the 

Baker and Williams Warehouses, until 1942 whereupon it was removed.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• DOE Letter; DeLaney to Scaramella; Subject: Information regarding Elimination of 

the Staten Island Warehouse from FUSRAP Consideration; June 16, 1986

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 184 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Stauffer Metals, Inc.

Richmond, California

ALSO KNOWN AS: Stauffer-Tenescal Co.

Tenescal Co.

TIME PERIOD: 1961

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Stauffer performed electron beam melting tests on uranium metal for National Lead of Ohio 

(Fernald). The company had performed similar tests for Hanford.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation reviewed shows that plans were made to control exposure to uranium and to 

decontaminate the equipment after the tests. Surveys of airborne radioactivity taken during 

operations show low concentrations. The potential for significant residual radioactivity after 

operations is low.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Trip Report to Stauffer-Tenescal Company, Richmond, California, October 19, 1960

• Trip Report to Stauffer Metals Company, Richmond California on April 4 to April 12, 

1961

• Airborne Radioactivity Surveys taken during operation

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 185 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Superior Steel Co.

Carnegie, Pennsylvania

ALSO KNOWN AS: Copper Weld, Inc.

Lot and Block 102J210

TIME PERIOD: 1952-1957; Residual Radiation 1958 – October 2009

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Superior Steel produced uranium strip and rolled uranium slabs for use by the Savannah 

River Laboratory. In 1955, for example, they hot rolled twenty-five tons of uranium into strip.

DISCUSSION:

There is little information in the FUSRAP files regarding Superior Steel Co. The company 

apparently rolled production quantities of uranium metal for NLO (Fernald) in the time frame 

identified above.

A 1981 ORNL survey indicated that the site was contaminated in the area where the uranium 

operations took place, on and under floors, in sumps and on some of the machinery that was 

used during production. 

Documentation reviewed indicates residual contamination from AWE work still exists at this 

facility. DOE identified the contamination in a 1981 survey but eliminated the facility from 

FUSRAP.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• ORNL/DOE Preliminary Survey; T.E. Myrick and C. Clark; Preliminary Site Survey 

Report for the Former Superior Steel Mill at Carnegie, Pennsylvania; April 1981 

• Authority Review - The Former Superior Steel Corporation Site - AEC Contract No. 

AT(30-1)- 1412; September 30, 1985 PA.03-1

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1958 - present
Page 186 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Sutton, Steele and Steele Co.

Dallas, Texas

TIME PERIOD: 1951; 1959

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In 1951, AEC and AEC contractor personnel conducted tests at Sutton, Steele, and Steele, Inc. 

which were aimed at devising means of recovering uranium from low grade wastes and 

residues. The tests were to determine the feasibility of separating fused dolomite from 

magnesium floride slag and uranium. In 1959, National Lead of Ohio (Fernald) personnel 

evaluated Sutton, Steele, and Steele's dry tabling equipment for the separation of normal 

uranium shot. 

DISCUSSION:

During the first test, 2 tons of C-liner and C-special were processed to determine whether the 

uranium could be separated from the dolomite and magnesium fluoride. As this was liner 

material, the uranium concentrations were relatively low, and only about 50 pounds of 

uranium were processed through the equipment. At the conclusion of the test, the equipment 

was decontaminated and residues were returned to the AEC.

In 1959, NLO (Fernald) personnel evaluated Sutton, Steele and Steele’s dry tabling 

equipment for the separation of uranium shot. Fifty pounds of normal uranium were 

processed in a single test to evaluate particle size separation. As in the first test, the 

equipment was decontaminated and monitored after the operation. 

Sutton, Steele and Steele was eliminated from FUSRAP action in 1993 based on the low 

potential for residual contamination at the facility.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Air Tabling Tests at Sutton, Steele & Steele, Inc., Dallas, Texas, April 9-11, 1951

• Trip Report to Sutton, Steele, and Steele Company, Dallas, Texas, On November 5 & 

6, 1959

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 187 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Swenson Evaporator Company 

Harvey, Illinois

TIME PERIOD: 1951

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Swenson Evaporator was scheduled to perform a raffinate spray drying test for National Lead 

Company of Ohio (NLO) on March 20, 1951. This test would have involved some radioactive 

residue. The drums containing the raffinate were shipped to Swenson by Mallinckrodt, but it 

is believed that they were not opened and the test not performed. 

DISCUSSION:

Documentation indicates that because of public relations issues, and health department 

intervention, the test was never performed. There were approximately 40 drums of raffinate 

liquor that were delivered to Swenson for the test. Evidence indicates that the drums were 

never opened and subsequently returned to NLO (Fernald). The exact dates of the shipments 

are not clear. There is little to no potential for residual contamination remaining at the site as a 

result of AEC/DOE activities.

A FUSRAP determination made in 1987 recommended the removal of this facility from the 

FUSRAP process because of low potential for residual contamination.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• FUSRAP Elimination Recommendation

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 188 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Sylvania Corning Nuclear Corp.-Bayside Laboratories 

Bayside, New York

ALSO KNOWN AS: Sylvania Electric Products, Inc.

Metallurgical Laboratory

Sylvania Electric Corporation, Atomic Energy Division

Sylvania Bayside Laboratories

Sylcor

TIME PERIOD: 1947-1962

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The Metallurgical Laboratory of the Sylvania Electric Company investigated uranium and 

thorium powder metallurgy. It also produced powdered metal slugs, developed bonding 

techniques, and plated uranium slugs with nickel. The work with slugs included the 

conversion of uranium metal to uranium hydride using hydrogen. A February 1948 AEC 

Monthly Summary of Activities indicates that the Lab's "initial program will involve 

determining the physical properties and the health hazards of beryllium and uranium powders 

and the applications of powder metallurgy to these metals and their alloys." In 1948, the work 

required 315 pounds of raw beryllium metal. Beryllium was handled first in the regular 

metallurgical building and then, after the objections of the AEC medical division, in a special 

AEC metallurgical development laboratory.

DISCUSSION:

Other work at the facility included UO2 wafer production, flat plate production, pipe cutting 

using abrasive wheel cutters, canning slugs, and thorium slug canning.

An ORNL summary of the licenses associated with the AEC work states that “a radioactive 

materials disposition document from the license dated September 9, 1959 states that

all radioactive material procured under this license has been disposed of by decay” and that

“A document from the licensee dated November 22, 1957 states that 34-55 gallon drums of 

radioactive waste containing less than 1 mCi of uranium and thorium was shipped to the U.S.

Naval Ammunition Depot in Earle, New Jersey for disposal at sea.”

Surveys completed in 1972 showed that removable alpha contamination levels were within 

current guidelines for thorium and uranium. 

The facility was demolished sometime before 1977. An ORNL survey of the property in 1977 

identified no contamination at the site distinguishable from background. The site was 

removed from FUSRAP in 1993. Based on a description of the survey performed prior to 

turn-over to GTE Labs in 1962, coupled with results from follow-up surveys in 1973 and 

1977, there is no indication that residual contamination existed beyond the period in which 

weapons-related production occurred.
Page 189 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Preliminary Survey of Sylvania-Corning Metallurgical Laboratory, Bayside, New 

York, March 1980

• ORNL Site Summary for License 31-02374-01

• Contamination Surveys 1972 and 1973; Fuhrman to Stepina

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 190 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Sylvania Corning Nuclear Corp.- Hicksville Plant

Hicksville, New York

ALSO KNOWN AS: General Telephone and Telegraph Laboratories 

Sylcor

TIME PERIOD: 1952-1966

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Under Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) contracts, the facility was used for research and 

development with radioactive materials, principally uranium and thorium. It was also 

licensed by the AEC to fabricate reactor fuel elements for the AEC, for Sylvania use, for sale, 

and for research purposes.

DISCUSSION:

There is little information in the file regarding the operations performed or quantities of 

material that were used at the Hicksville facility. 

Documentation reviewed indicates that the Hicksville site was decontaminated and 

decommissioned for unrestricted use in 1965.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Decontamination of Sylcor 1293 Area, 1965

• AEC (SROO) Letter; Stetson to Pittman; Subject: Decontamination and 

Decommissioning of AEC Facilities (Your TWX, 10/29/73); November 13, 1973.

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 191 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Tech-Art, Inc.

Milford, Ohio

TIME PERIOD: 1952

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In 1952, National Lead Company of Ohio (Fernald) used Tech-Art to grind inserts as part of 

a study of Firth Sterling HF carbide profile inserts in conjunction with the machining 

development program. Additional documentation shows that Tech-Art possessed a 

subcontract with NLO for "[m]achine shop operations on Government owned materials at 

prescribed hourly rates of pay."

DISCUSSION:

Based on the available documentation, there is little likelihood that this facility handled any 

radioactive material. There is a reference to “machine shop operations on government-owned 

materials at prescribed hourly rates of pay,” but exactly what was performed is not clear. It 

appears that the inserts were ground by Tech Art for use in machining operations. The inserts 

were not radioactive. There is reference to a 1990 memorandum to the file, indicating that this 

site was to be evaluated by FUSRAP, but there is no documentation indicating that this was 

ever completed. The site remains classified as FUSRAP-TBD.

With the absence of any information confirming that radioactive material was used at this 

facility, the presence of residual radioactivity is unlikely.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 192 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Tennessee Valley Authority 

Muscle Shoals, Alabama 

TIME PERIOD: 1951-1955 

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

At its National Fertilizer Development Center, the TVA performed research and development 

on uranium recovery under formal agreement with the AEC. The work involved the extraction 

of uranium during the production of fertilizer from leached zone phosphate ore. A laboratory 

and pilot plant were operated at the fertilizer plant, but little uranium (about 2.5 kilograms of 

uranium concentrate) was produced.

DISCUSSION:

Very little uranium was produced at this facility. A preliminary survey of the facility, 

conducted in 1980 by ORNL showed that the radiation and contamination levels at the facility 

did not vary significantly from background.

A FUSRAP determination made in the 1980s recommended elimination from the process 

based on the limited material processed and low potential for radioactive contamination 

remaining at the facility after the operation was ceased.

There was limited radioactive material produced at the facility. Little potential exists for 

radioactive contamination beyond the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Elimination Report October 13, 1987

• Preliminary Survey of the Tennessee Valley Authority Site March 1980

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 193 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Texas City Chemicals, Inc.

Texas City, Texas

ALSO KNOWN AS: American Oil Company

Morden, Incorporated

Smith Douglass 

Amoco Chemical Company

TIME PERIOD: October 5, 1953 – September 1955; Residual Radiation 1957 -

1977

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Texas City Chemicals, Inc. produced uranium by recovery of U3O8 from a phosphate fertilizer 

production plant. The AEC contracted with Texas City Chemicals for the recovery of 

uranium which was ultimately used in weapons production. 

DISCUSSION:

Contract specifications identify that as much as 12 tons of U3O8 per year may have been 

produced at the plant during the contract years of 1952-1956. 

Texas City Chemicals subsequently declared bankruptcy in 1956, and the facility in which the 

uranium was produced was demolished at an unknown time after that. 

A preliminary survey conducted by ORNL in 1977 (issued in 1980), did not identify 

radiation/contamination levels above what would normally be expected at a phosphate 

fertilizer plant in that region of the country. The facilities associated with AWE work had 

been demolished at some time prior to this survey. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Preliminary Survey of Texas City Chemicals, Inc. (Borden Chemical Division of 

Borden, Inc.) Texas City Texas; March 1980.

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1957 - 1977
Page 194 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Titanium Alloys Manufacturing 

Niagara Falls, New York

ALSO KNOWN AS: Humphreys Gold Co.

Titanium Alloys Manufacturing Co, Division of NLO 

Titanium Alloys Metals

Titanium Pigment Co.

TIME PERIOD: 1950-1956

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In the early 1950s, Titanium Alloys Manufacturing was under contract to the AEC to provide 

zirconium tetrachloride. In 1955, TAM was issued an AEC source material license to do work 

related to the conversion of thorium scrap to anhydrous tetrachloride. Correspondence from 

Oak Ridge indicates that it was not interested the company’s thorium work. In 1956, this 

division reduced ores and other uranium compounds by arc melting in an induction furnace.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation reviewed includes radiological air and area monitoring data from furnace 

operations conducted in 1956. These surveys indicate that both airborne radioactivity 

concentrations and area contamination levels were very low during furnace operations. 

Therefore the potential for residual contamination after operation ceased are low.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Air Sample Results and Contamination Surveys April, 11 1956

• Air Sample Results July, 10 1956

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 195 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Titus Metals 

Waterloo, Iowa

ALSO KNOWN AS: Titus, Incorporated 

TIME PERIOD: 1956

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Titus Metals performed extrusion of uranium oxide billets into fuel plates for the Argonaut 

reactor at Argonne National Laboratory on June 29, 1956.

DISCUSSION:

The entire operation may have been completed in one day. A report issued on July 17, 1956

states that, at the completion of the operation, the facility and equipment were decontaminated 

to non-detectable levels.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security

• Argonne National Laboratory Memorandum; Lonergan to Novak; Subject: Extrusion 

of Billets, Titus Metals, Inc., Waterloo, Iowa; July 27, 1956 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 196 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Tocco Induction Heating Div.

Cleveland, Ohio

ALSO KNOWN AS: Ohio Crankshaft Company 

Tocco Heat Testing

Park Ohio Industries

TIME PERIOD: 1967-1968

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Tocco had a contract with National Lead of Ohio (Fernald) to develop induction heating coil 

equipment for heating uranium fuel cores. Tocco performed operational tests of these units at 

its Ohio facility, which took place during 1967-1968. The company received 2000 pounds of 

natural uranium machined fuel cores and 5600 pounds of depleted uranium machined fuel 

cores from NLO for testing.

DISCUSSION:

The license was amended in 1967 to authorize up to 16,000 pounds of uranium. A 1968 

inspection of the facility by AEC identified several areas of low-level contamination on the 

working area floor (300-1500 dpm/100cm2

) and on the machinery (3,000-4,500 dpm/100 

cm

2

).

In 1968, the facility sent a letter to AEC stating that all materials had been returned to NLO 

(Fernald), and questioning whether the license should be cancelled or allowed to expire. In 

January 1969, the AEC terminated the license. There was apparently no follow-up inspection 

of the facility.

In 1993, the NRC conducted a survey of the facility and found that the facility met the NRC’s 

standards for unrestricted use.

Documentation reviewed indicates that the facility was licensed to perform work under 

contract with NLO (Fernald) from 1966 to1969. There is however, no reason to expect that 

significant radioactive contamination existed at the facility after the 1968 date when it was 

reported that all materials had been returned to NLO.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Air Sample Results, June 6, 1968

• Urine and Air Dust Samples, 1968

• NRC Inspection June 8, 1993
Page 197 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 198 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Torrington Co.

Torrington, Connecticut

TIME PERIOD: 1951-1953

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The Torrington Company performed small-scale swaging experiments on uranium rods in the 

early 1950s. Torrington conducted this work for two companies: the Bridgeport Brass 

Company and American Machine and Foundry.

DISCUSSION:

The documentation reviewed indicates that swaging tests on13 rods was completed between 

1951 and 1953.

A FUSRAP determination made in 1987 recommended elimination from the process, based 

on the limited quantity of material and low potential for radioactive contamination.

There was limited radioactive material use, and the resultant tests only lasted a few days. 

Airborne radioactivity surveys were performed during one of the tests and no detectable 

airborne contamination was found. Because of the limited amount of material used and the 

fact that airborne radioactivity surveys conducted during the tests showed no airborne 

radioactivity, little potential exists for radioactive contamination beyond the period in which 

weapons-related production occurred.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Swaging Test of duPont Bars at the Torrington Company, March 2, 1951

• Airborne Radioactivity Report August 1952

• Swaging Test at the Torrington Company, February 6, 1953

• Elimination Recommendation May 14, 1987

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 199 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Tube Reducing Co.

Wallington, New Jersey

TIME PERIOD: 1952; 1955; 1957

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Tube Reducing Co. conducted tests for National Lead of Ohio (Fernald) on shaping and 

sizing uranium rods. In January 1952, two uranium rods were processed. More tubes were 

extruded in a reduction experiment in January 1955. Another test was conducted in 1957. 

The firm is also mentioned in World War II-era reports as a possible location for uranium 

machining, but there are no indications that any such work was done at the facility during 

that time period. 

DISCUSSION:

Airborne radioactivity surveys were performed during the tests and a trip report from 

December of 1957 states that all surfaces were decontaminated and material removed. It is not 

likely that significant contamination existed after these tests.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• AEC Memorandum; Stroke to Files; Sizing and Reducing Uranium by the "Rockrite " 

Process; January 11, 1952

• Air Sample results December 17-19, 1957

• Report of Trip to Tube Reducing Corporation, Wallington, New Jersey, December 16-

20, 1957

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 200 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Tyson Valley Powder Farm

St Louis, Missouri

TIME PERIOD: 1942-1949

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The Tyson Valley Powder Farm was a storage site for radioactive materials in the late 1940s. 

Records show, for example, that at the end of 1946, 206,110 pounds of uranium metal were 

stored at this location for the Manhattan Engineer District.

DISCUSSION:

There is no indication that there was any type of material processing taking place at this site. 

It seems to be a storage site only. 

The materials were removed from the site in 1948, and records suggest that the site was sold 

to a local municipality, and subsequently developed into a park.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

Sources of information reviewed during this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• AEC Memorandum; Koenig to Belmore; Subject: Storage of "C-Special" Material; 

January 14, 1948 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 201 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: U.S. Steel Co., National Tube Division 

McKeesport, Pennsylvania

TIME PERIOD: 1959-1960

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Tests at the Christy Park Works, National Tube Division of the U. S. Steel Corporation, 

conducted in 1959 and 1960, demonstrated that rotary piercing of uranium was possible. The 

tests were conducted for National Lead of Ohio (Fernald).

DISCUSSION:

There is a 1967 report indicating that the testing phase occurred during the 1959-1960 timeframe. Rotary piercing of uranium was never adopted by NLO (Fernald). 

The documentation reviewed includes descriptions the radiological controls that were in place 

during the operation and the decontamination efforts effort after operations. Post operational 

surveys indicate that decontamination efforts were successful.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website and internal AEC/DOE 

correspondence provided by the DOE ES&H Group.

• Halcomb, R. N., to Quigley, “Trip Report to National Tube Division, Christy Parks 

Works, McKeesport, Pennsylvania on February 15 to March 2, 1960”

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 202 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: United Lead Co.

Middlesex, New Jersey

ALSO KNOWN AS: Perry Warehouse; Middlesex Sampling Plant

TIME PERIOD: 1950-1967; Residual Radiation 1968 - October 2009

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

From 1950 to 1955, United Lead Co., a subsidiary of National Lead Company, was the AEC's 

operating contractor for the Middlesex Sampling Plant. The Middlesex Sampling Plant 

sampled, assayed, stored, and shipped uranium, thorium, and beryllium ores. The plant 

discontinued uranium and beryllium assaying and sampling activities in 1955. Until 1967, the 

site was used as a thorium storage and sampling site. 

DISCUSSION:

Documentation indicates that operations began at this facility in 1943 and ended in 1955, at

which time the facility was used for storage of radioactive materials through 1967. Work 

included receiving, storing, crushing, grinding, and sampling of ores received from African 

Metals and other sources. 

In 1969, the property was transferred to the Department of the Navy and used as a Marine 

Corps training facility. In 1978, the property was transferred back to the DOE for remedial 

activities. 

Documentation states that prior to the GSA transfer, the site was decontaminated. A 

subsequent survey performed by ORNL in 1976 identified significant residual contamination 

that led to decontamination and restoration activities at the facility and surrounding properties. 

A survey performed in 1985 indicated that radioactive contamination exceeded unrestricted 

release criteria. In 1997 the responsibility for site remediation was turned over to the U.S. 

Army Corps of Engineers under FUSRAP. A FUSRAP fact sheet of December 2007 does not 

indicate that the clean-up is complete.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• DOE/OR/20722-20, Radiological Survey Report for the Former Middlesex Sampling 

Plant, Middlesex New Jersey, March 1985.

• FUSRAP Fact Sheet Middlesex Sampling Plant December 2007

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 203 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1968 - present
Page 204 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: United Nuclear Corp.

Hematite, Missouri

ALSO KNOWN AS: Mallinckrodt Chemical Works, Chemical Div.

TIME PERIOD: 1958-1973; Residual Radiation 1974 - October 2009

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The United Nuclear Corporation in Hematite, Missouri, processed unirradiated uranium 

scrap for the AEC, recovering enriched uranium from it for use in the nuclear weapons 

complex. Mallinckrodt Chemical Works owned the Hematite plant until 1961.

DISCUSSION:

There is no documentation supporting the radiological status of the site at the end of the 

contract. However, United Nuclear Corp. was contracted to supply uranium fuel for the 

commercial nuclear industry as well as the AEC. 

Documentation reviewed indicates that residual contamination related to AWE work exists 

outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred, which is 

indistinguishable from non-weapons’ related contamination. 

This facility is currently owned by Westinghouse/BNFL which is investigating conditions and 

options with respect to clean-up. Remediation is being conducted under Nuclear Regulatory 

Commission (NRC) oversight. The Estimated closure date is 3/01/2012

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• U.S. NRC, Westinghouse Electric Company (Hematite Facility)

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1974 - present
Page 205 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: University of Denver Research Institute

Denver, Colorado

TIME PERIOD: 1963-1965

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The University of Denver Research Institute is listed as a processor of radioactive materials 

for National Lead of Ohio (Fernald). It appears that the University of Denver handled test 

quantities of radioactive metal in February 1965. In 1963, a University of Denver Research 

Institute researcher (F. Perkins) held an AEC contract for work on intermediate-temperature 

oxidation of beryllides.

DISCUSSION:

From available documentation, the work conducted by the University of Denver was limited 

in scope and involved test quantities of radioactive material. The University was/is licensed, 

was aware of, and implemented, appropriate laboratory controls during the work which would 

limit the potential for residual contamination. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• DOE Memorandum E. DeLaney to R. Lynch with NLO Memo enclosure; Subject -

Commercial Facilities Used By NLO in Support of Feed Materials Production Center 

Operations, July 28,1986 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 206 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: University of Florida

Gainesville, Florida

ALSO KNOWN AS: J. Hillis Miller Health Center 

College of Medicine, Department of Radiology

TIME PERIOD: 1963-1969

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Documents indicate that the University of Florida handled test quantities of radioactive 

material under a National Lead of Ohio (Fernald) sub-contract between 1963-1969. Upon 

completion of the project, the material was sent to the Savannah River Site. 

The University also obtained licenses to handle radioactive material from the Nuclear 

Regulatory Commission. Work done under these NRC licenses was not related to nuclear 

weapons production and is not covered under EEOICPA. 

DISCUSSION:

Available documentation indicates that work conducted by the University of Florida was 

limited in scope and involved test quantities of radioactive material. The University of Florida 

was/is licensed, was aware of, and implemented, appropriate laboratory controls during the 

work which would limit the potential for residual contamination.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• DOE Letter; Fiore to Sjoblom; Subject: NRC Licensed Sites; June 20, 1990. 

Attachment: Enclosure 1 - Formerly Utilized Sites Eliminated from FUSRAP; Circa 

1990.

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 207 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: University of Michigan 

Ann Arbor, Michigan

 

TIME PERIOD: 1944 

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The University of Michigan developed radar fuses and conducted ordnance research to assist 

Los Alamos in atomic bomb research and production. 

Records indicate that small quantities of uranium metal were handled at the University of 

Michigan under AEC contract. The contract expired April 10, 1944. It is unknown whether or 

not similar work was performed before or after this date. 

DISCUSSION:

The contract involved developing a method for testing the adequacy of coating that had been 

applied to uranium metal pieces to prevent them from corrosion. The University of Michigan 

received coated pieces of uranium to test for flaws in or under the coating surface.

The contract which was to expire on April 10, 1944 was extended with a statement that it was 

estimated that the remaining work could be completed in three months.

Because of the small amount of material handled and the type of work that was performed,

there is little potential for significant residual radioactivity at the University of Michigan 

resulting from MED/AEC activities.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• AEC Letter; Chipman to White; Work to be Conducted Under Proposed Contract 

Between University of Michigan and University of Chicago; January 6, 1944

• AEC Memorandum; Howe to Cook; Extension of Contract with the Department of 

Engineering Research, University of Michigan; March 31, 1944

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 208 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: University of Virginia 

Charlottesville, Virginia

 

TIME PERIOD: 1942–1949; 1960s; Residual Radiation 1970-1985 

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The University of Virginia played an integral role in developing the process to use uranium in 

the development in nuclear weapons. The Naval Research Laboratory asked Dr. Jesse Beams, 

of UVA, about the possibility to using isotope separation by centrifuge for the enrichment 

process of uranium. He was able to successfully enrich uranium by the use of his high-speed 

centrifuge. 

Later, the University of Virginia's Nuclear Reactor Facility, operated by the Department of 

Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, housed the UVAR, a light-water-cooled 

and moderated research pool-type reactor which began operation in 1960 and ceased 

operations in 1998. 

DISCUSSION:

There were indications that work under AEC contract may not have ceased until 1985 when 

research into the centrifuge process was terminated by DOE.

Available documentation indicates that small quantities of uranium were enriched through 

development and testing of an operational centrifuge. The operation was reportedly shut down 

in June of 1985 and the uranium and equipment, including the centrifuge, were shipped to 

DOE Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Times Dispatch Article - Virginia Focus: Secret Nuclear Studies, February 25, 2001

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1970 – 1985
Page 209 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Utica Street Warehouse 

Buffalo, New York

ALSO KNOWN AS: Linde Air Products

TIME PERIOD: 1945

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Residues from Linde Air operations were stored and rebarreled at this location.

DISCUSSION:

As of 1945, as much as 355,000 pounds of residues were stored at the facility in steel and 

wooden barrels. There is no information regarding how long the material was in storage, but 

it is indicated that several of the drums required repackaging because of deterioration. 

A March 1945 memo states that the Chandler Street materials will be removed from the site in 

30 days.

A 1981 memo states that the site was occupied by a driveway to a parking garage and was 

previously occupied by a paved parking lot in the late 1960s.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Army Service Forces - Comments on Residues and By-Products, November 29, 1945

• Memo concerning storage of Chandler Project material at Utica Street Warehouse, 

March 14, 1945

• Union Carbide Corporation Letter; Hayes to Mott (DOE); Subject: MED Warehousing 

Locations

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 210 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Ventron Corporation 

Beverly, Massachusetts

 

ALSO KNOW AS: Metal Hydrides Corp., Ventron Division

Morton Thiokol, Inc.

TIME PERIOD: 1942-1948; Residual Radiation 1949-1985; 1987-1995;

DOE 1986; 1996-1997 (remediation)

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

From 1942 to 1948, Metal Hydrides Corp. was under contract to the Manhattan Engineer 

District and the Atomic Energy Commission to convert uranium oxide to uranium metal 

powder. This work, as well as later operations to recover uranium from scrap and turnings 

from a fuel fabrication plant at Hanford, was conducted at a foundry at the site. During this 

period, Metal Hydrides was the AEC's primary uranium scrap recovery contractor. 

Cleanup activities at this location included the removal of an underground storage tank in 

1986. Further remediation was performed between May 1996 and August 1997 by Bechtel 

National Inc. and a number of local subcontractors as part of the Formerly Utilized Site 

Remediation Action Program (FUSRAP). 

The plant is currently owned by the Ventron Division of Morton International.

DISCUSSION:

The Ventron Site consisted of several buildings that were once used to support AEC contracts. 

The buildings that were used as the foundry for scrap recovery operations were demolished 

shortly after the contract with AEC expired in 1948. 

The site was surveyed as part of the FUSRAP process in 1982 and found to be significantly 

contaminated. Remedial cleanup was conducted from 1995 to 1997. On August 8, 1997 DOE 

determined that the site was clean, and released it for unrestricted use. 

Documentation reviewed indicates that the potential for significant residual contamination 

existed outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Certification Docket for Remedial Actions Performed at the Ventron Site, March 2003

• Verification Survey of the Ventron Site, February 2003

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 211 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1949-1985; 1987-1995
Page 212 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Virginia-Carolina Chemical Corp.

Nichols, Florida

ALSO KNOWN AS: Conser Department of Phillips Brothers Div.

Englehard Minerals and Chemical Corp.

Socony Mobile Oil Co.

Virginia-Carolina Chemical Corp.

TIME PERIOD: 1952-1957; Residual Radiation 1958-1977 

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The Virginia-Carolina Chemical Corp. produced uranium as a byproduct of the recovery of 

phosphate chemicals and fertilizers. The AEC contracted with the Virginia-Chemical Corp. 

for the recovery of the uranium, which was ultimately used in weapons production.

DISCUSSION:

The Virginia-Carolina Chemical Corp. was under contract to produce 12 tons of U3O8 per 

year during the years 1952-1959. The facility that was used to extract the uranium was 

disassembled in 1960. 

The plant underwent a complete shutdown and abandonment between the years 1969-1973, 

and as of 1979, was completely remodeled and modified from its original configuration. 

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. The 

facility used for these operations was removed in 1960, a subsequent survey in 1977 identified 

some residual soil contamination around the remaining pad which was removed and does not 

appear to be significant.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• FUSRAP Radiological Survey of the Former Virginia-Carolina Chemical Corp; 

January 1980.

• DOE Memo Potential Remedial Actions; February 27, 1985

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1958 - 1977
Page 213 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Vitro Corp of America (New Jersey)

West Orange, New Jersey

 

ALSO KNOWN AS: Heavy Metals Co.

Vitro Chemical Co.

TIME PERIOD: 1951-early 1960s; Residual Radiation 1960s-1977 

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In December 1951, Vitro was asked to submit a proposal for research on thorium fluoride 

production, scrap recovery and waste recovery to involve 14 chemists and analysts. Though it 

is not certain whether this work was undertaken, by the late 1950s and early 1960s, Vitro 

conducted work under AEC contract converting low-enrichment uranium dioxide to uranium 

carbide spheres. The uranium dioxide was shipped from Rockwell International (then known 

as the Atomics International Division of North American Aviation, Inc.) to Vitro for 

conversion into uranium carbide and was then shipped back to Rockwell. Around 1958, Vitro 

also conducted work under contract to the AEC Oak Ridge Operations Office for the 

separation of fission products.

DISCUSSION:

Available documentation indicates that scrap uranium recovery work was conducted and also 

indicates that production of ThF4 from thorium nitrate work was being planned. There is an 

indication that Rockwell International received shipments of enriched uranium from Vitro 

(assumed to be New Jersey) as late as 1965. The processing facility used for these operations 

was demolished sometime prior to 1977 when radiological surveys were conducted 

identifying no radioactivity above what would be considered background. At the time of the 

survey the property was owned and occupied by the West Orange Tennis club. With the 

absence of any radiological survey data from the operational period or the facility after 

operations were completed, it is concluded that there is a reasonable potential that residual 

contamination existed at the facility up until the time the building was demolished. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Survey Report; Preliminary Survey of Vitro Corporation (Vitro Laboratories) West 

Orange, New Jersey; March 1980

• FUSRAP Elimination Report for the former Vitro Laboratories Vitro Corporation; 

West Orange, New Jersey; September 30, 1985.

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 214 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

Early 1960s - 1977
Page 215 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Vitro Corp. of America (Tennessee)

Chattanooga, Tennessee

ALSO KNOWN AS: Chattanooga Site owned by W.R.Grace 

Vitro Chemical, a subsidiary of Vitro Corporation

Heavy Minerals Company.

TIME PERIOD: 1957-1968; Residual Radiation 1969 - October 2009

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Records indicate that "Vitro Corporation" of Chattanooga, TN performed some beryllium 

work for Y-12 during the period 1959-1965. A 1962 document also mentions that the AEC met 

with members of the beryllium industry, including representatives from "Vitro Chemical" (no 

address), but does not mention whether any contracts were involved in these discussions. 

The original owner of this site was Heavy Metals Inc. and possessed an AEC license to 

process uranium and thorium products beginning as early as 1957. Documentation indicates 

that the company provided price quotes to the AEC for thorium products as early as 1954, but 

there is no indication that it received a contract for that work. Vitro Chemical of 

Chattanooga, TN, a subsidiary of Vitro Corporation, took over the site at the end of 1959 and 

was under contract to the AEC to produce thorium metal, thorium fluoride and thorium oxide. 

The current owner, W.R. Grace, purchased the site in 1965 and continued operations until 

1983, but records do not reveal any weapons-based link after 1968. The State of Tennessee 

took over licensing of this site in 1968. 

DISCUSSION:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which AWE related activities occurred which is 

indistinguishable from non-related contamination. There is no radiological data available from 

the time these activities ceased, and the facility has been under an AEC/NRC or State license 

since the early 1960s.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1969 - present
Page 216 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Vitro Manufacturing (Canonsburg)

Canonsburg, Pennsylvania

 

ALSO KNOWN AS: Vitro Rare Metals Company

TIME PERIOD: 1942-1959; Residual Radiation 1958-1985 

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Starting in 1948, Vitro was under contract to recover uranium from scrap. In the period from 

1954-1956, Vitro had a contract to process production quantities of radioactive material 

(UF4) for National Lead of Ohio (Fernald). Vitro also received uranium scrap from the 

Tyson Valley Powder Farm sometime in 1949. After 1957 the site was used only for storage. 

Canonsburg was a major uranium milling facility and although the EEOICPA definition of an 

Atomic Weapons Employer excludes mining and milling, this site is covered because of its 

scrap processing activities performed under contract to the Atomic Energy Commission. 

A 1948 document indicates that General Electric shipped scrap containing beryllium to the 

Canonsburg site. The Canonsburg site is one of 24 former uranium mill sites designated for 

Department of Energy remediation by the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act 

(UMTRA).

DISCUSSION:

In 1976, an ERDA survey identified “excessive radium contamination” at the facility. The 

Canonsburg site was designated for DOE remediation by the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation 

Control Act

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is significant residual contamination outside of 

the period in which AWE production occurred. Documentation from the Energy Information 

Administration reports that surface contamination remediation was completed in December of 

1985. Material was disposed of on-site and groundwater monitoring will continue in 

“perpetuity”.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security

• Energy Information Administration Canonsburg Mill Site, October 9, 2005

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1960 -1985
Page 217 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Vulcan Tool Co.

Dayton, Ohio

 

TIME PERIOD: 1959 

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

At the request of National Lead Company of Ohio (Fernald), Vulcan Tool Company 

conducted experiments involving the cutting of normal uranium slugs and tubes on a Brehm 

cutter in October 1959.

DISCUSSION:

There was a single test performed at the facility. Radiological monitoring was performed 

during the test and resulted in very low levels of airborne radioactivity therefore the 

likelihood of significant contamination is remote at this facility. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security

• Air Sample Results from Vulcan Tool 10-20-1959

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 218 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: W.E. Pratt Manufacturing Co.

Joliet, Illinois

 

ALSO KNOWN AS: William E. Pratt Manufacturing Co.

Klassing Handbrake

Altrachem, Inc. 

TIME PERIOD: 1943-1946; Residual Radiation 1947-1989 

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The W.E. Pratt Manufacturing Company performed metal fabrication tasks (machining and 

grinding) for the University of Chicago Metallurgical Laboratory beginning in the spring of 

1943. The purpose of the machining done by Pratt was to speed up delivery of pieces for the 

experimental pile and to learn all that could be learned about handing uranium metal in 

turret lathes and automatic screw machines. In 1944, Pratt was subcontracted by the 

University of Chicago to finish “short metal rods” by centerless grinding. This work 

continued until June 30, 1946. The Manhattan Engineer District History indicates that 

DuPont placed an order with Pratt to turn and grind unbonded Hanford slugs. 

DISCUSSION:

The contract with the University of Chicago was terminated in 1946 when operations were 

consolidated at the Hanford site. 

Documentation available for review does not provide enough information to definitively rule 

out residual contamination at the end of operations in 1946. Radiological survey data from 

1989 confirms the radiological status of the facility as being below guideline values. 

Based on the nature of the work and absence of radiological survey data until 1989, it is 

determined that there is a potential for significant residual contamination after the operational 

period. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Survey Report, Radiological Survey at 18 Henderson Street, Joliet, Illinois, M.R. 

Landis, October 1989 IL.12-3

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1947 – 1989
Page 219 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: W.R. Grace (Tennessee)

Erwin, Tennessee

ALSO KNOWN AS: Nuclear Fuel Services

Davison Chemical

TIME PERIOD: 1958-1970; Residual Radiation 1971- October 2009

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The Davison Chemical Division of W.R. Grace Co. (later Nuclear Fuel Services) processed 

unirradiated uranium scrap for the AEC, recovering enriched uranium from it for use in the 

nuclear weapons complex. Correspondence from 1963 also indicates that the company also 

worked with thorium.

DISCUSSION:

The company received an AEC license to engage in the conversion of UF6 to forms needed 

for the fabrication of fuel elements for research and development. It is unclear what the 

elements were used for, as they may have been part of fuel manufacture for the Department of 

the Navy.

While it is unclear whether weapons development work was concluded in 1969, there is a 

potential for significant residual contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related 

production occurred that is indistinguishable from non AEC/DOE activities which are ongoing. Documentation indicates this facility is still in the DOE determination phase with 

respect to FUSRAP eligibility.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1971 - present
Page 220 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: W.R. Grace and Company (Maryland)

Curtis Bay, Maryland

 

ALSO KNOWN AS: Davison Chemical Corp.

Agri-Chemicals Division 

TIME PERIOD: 1955-1958; Residual Radiation 1959 - October 2009

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Processing of radioactive materials at W.R. Grace began in July 1955 when Rare Earths, Inc. 

(W.R. Grace's predecessor) entered into a contract with the Atomic Energy Commission to 

extract thorium and rare earths from naturally-occurring monazite sands. In 1956, the Atomic 

Energy Commission contract and Rare Earths' license to possess, transfer, and use 

radioactive thorium were transferred to W.R. Grace & Company. The facility where thorium 

processing took place (Building 23) operated until late spring of 1957, when W.R. Grace and 

the Atomic Energy Commission agreed to terminate the contract, effective January 31, 1958.

DISCUSSION:

The wastes were buried in a landfill-type area covering about 4 acres. The site currently 

supports commercial activity. In 1978, the landfill area was fenced off, and patrolled by the 

facility security guards to preclude access. Also in 1978, a radiological survey was conducted 

indicating that the landfill area was contaminated at depths up to 15 feet. The building where 

processing took place (Building 23) was also identified as contaminated, indicating 

“excessive alpha contamination on all five floors” and “radiation levels as high as 3 mr/hr 

around the vats and hoppers.” 

Confirmation of residual contamination, 30 years after termination of AEC activities led to 

subsequent FUSRAP action authorization. This facility is currently undergoing FUSRAP 

activities.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• ORNL Report (ORNL/TM-10439); Results of the Indoor Radiological Survey at the 

W.R. Grace Co. Curtis Bay Site Baltimore Maryland; Issued – July 1989.

• US DOE Environmental Management Website, W.R. Grace Maryland Site

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1959 - present
Page 221 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: W.R. Grace Co., Agricultural Chemical Div. (Florida) 

Ridgewood, Florida

TIME PERIOD: 1954; Residual Radiation 1955 – October 2009

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

For one month in 1954, W.R. Grace performed the pilot plant work on solvent extraction for 

Armour Fertilizer, which used the solvent process to extract uranium from phosphates.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation available for review indicates that a short term (1 month) operational pilot 

plant was operated and the test facility was subsequently demolished. A radiological survey 

reported in 1980 found elevated radiation levels in and around the site. There is no 

documentation indicating that any remediation was performed.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation include:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• DOE Report (ORNL); Preliminary Survey of W.R. Grace Company, Ridgewood, 

Florida; March 1980.

• DOE - FUSRAP Elimination Report; W.R. Grace and Company Agricultural 

Chemicals Division

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1955 – present
Page 222 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Wah Chang

Albany, Oregon

ALSO KNOWN AS: Teledyne Wah Chang

TIME PERIOD: 1971-1972; Residual Radiation 1973 – October 2009

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Wah Chang operations began in 1956 when, under contract with the U.S. Atomic Energy 

Commission, Wah Chang Corporation reopened the U.S. Bureau of Mines Zirconium Metal 

Sponge Plant. Construction of new facilities, at the location of the existing plant, began in 

1957. These facilities were established primarily for the production of zirconium and hafnium 

sponge; however, tantalum and niobium pilot facilities were also included. Melting and 

fabrication operations were added in 1959. Wah Chang may also have been involved in 

thorium work. In 1971-1972 a subcontract existed with Union Carbide Corporation (Y-12 

plant) for melting uranium-bearing material.

DISCUSSION:

Available documentation indicates that process wastes, including naturally occurring 

radioactive isotopes, generated during AWE related activities still exist at this facility, and are 

indistinguishable from non-AWE related wastes. This facility is currently undergoing cleanup 

action through the USEPA Superfund project. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation include:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• US EPA, Third Five-year Review Report for the Teledyne Wah Chang Superfund Site

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1973 - present
Page 223 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: West Valley Demonstration Project

West Valley, New York

ALSO KNOWN AS: Nuclear Fuel Services, West Valley

Western New York Fuel Services Center

TIME PERIOD: 1966-1973

Residual Radiation 1974 - 1979

DOE 1980-present

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

From 1966 to 1972, Nuclear Fuel Services, Inc., under contract to the State of New York, 

operated a commercial nuclear fuel reprocessing plant at the Western New York Nuclear 

Services Center. The plant reprocessed uranium and plutonium from spent nuclear fuel; sixty 

percent of this fuel was generated at defense facilities. Spent nuclear fuel reprocessing 

generated approximately 600,000 gallons of liquid high-level radioactive waste; this waste 

was stored onsite in underground tanks. 

In 1980, the United States Congress passed the West Valley Demonstration Project Act 

(Public Law 96-368), which authorized the Department of Energy (DOE) to conduct a 

technology demonstration project to solidify the liquid high-level waste at the Western New 

York Nuclear Services Center. Under this act, DOE is also responsible for developing 

containers suitable for the permanent disposal of the solidified high-level waste at an 

appropriate Federal repository; transporting the containers to this repository; disposing of 

low level waste and transuranic waste generated by high level waste solidification; and 

decontaminating and decommissioning facilities used for the solidification. DOE is also 

responsible for dispositioning the spent nuclear fuel stored at the site. 

In 1982, DOE selected vitrification as the treatment process for high level waste. This process 

solidifies and stabilizes nuclear waste by mixing it with molten glass. Pretreatment of the 

high-level waste began in 1988 and was successfully completed in 1995. DOE expects to 

complete the West Valley Demonstration Project by 2005.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation supports the presence of significant residual contamination outside of the 

period in which weapons-related production occurred. This facility is presently undergoing 

remedial action under the DOE.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security

• West Valley Demonstration Project Progress Report May 2008

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 224 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1974 – 1979
Page 225 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Westinghouse Atomic Power Development Plant

East Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

ALSO KNOWN AS: East Pittsburgh Plant 

TIME PERIOD: 1942-1944

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Westinghouse prepared uranium metal for Enrico Fermi's Stagg Field experiment and 

conducted development and pilot-scale production of uranium oxide fuel elements.

DISCUSSION:

Records indicate that at the conclusion of MED activities, all equipment and all of the 

facilities were decontaminated or shipped to other sites. 

A 1976 survey by ORNL did not identify any radioactive contamination above which could 

normally be considered background at the East Pittsburgh facility. The site was eliminated 

from FUSRAP consideration in 1985.

Documentation reviewed indicates that this facility was decontaminated at the end of AWE 

contracted work and that all contamination and/or contaminated items were removed.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• DOE Report; Certification Docket: Westinghouse Atomic Power Development Plant, 

East Pittsburgh Plant, Forest Hills Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Circa 1985.

• FUSRAP Elimination Report for Westinghouse Atomic Power Development Plant, 

East Pittsburgh Plant, Forest Hills, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Circa 1985

• Preliminary Survey of Westinghouse Electric Corporation, East Pittsburgh, 

Pennsylvania; March 1980

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 226 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey)

Bloomfield, New Jersey

ALSO KNOWN AS: North American Phillips Lighting 

TIME PERIOD: 1942 -1949; Residual Radiation 1944 - October 2009

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Westinghouse Electric Corp., located in Bloomfield, NJ, was one of the large commercial 

contributors to Manhattan Project research with specific tasks related to uranium metal 

production and enrichment. Because developing the technology to produce pure uranium 

metal became a priority for the Manhattan Project, universities and private companies with 

experience in related chemical processes participated in the task. From 1942-1943, 

Westinghouse used a photochemical process for metallic uranium and supplied metallic 

uranium for the first self-sustaining chain reaction in Chicago. In addition to contributing to 

uranium metal production, Westinghouse Electric participated in activities related to uranium 

enrichment. 

Westinghouse also worked with thorium, but it is unclear if that work took place in 

Bloomfield, or at another Westinghouse location. 

DISCUSSION:

Records indicate thorium work may have occurred as late as 1949 at a Westinghouse facility. 

Three MED contracts were identified covering the dates August 1942-August 1944. There 

were two additional MED contracts that were issued in which the dates could not be verified.

A confirmatory survey was requested and performed by ORISE, of Building 7 in 1993 which 

identified areas of localized residual uranium surface contamination throughout several 

elevations of the facility, and widespread distribution of residual uranium surface 

contamination within the basement elevation. These survey results confirm that in 1993, the 

removable contamination levels were below the regulatory criteria and two areas exhibited 

direct radiation levels in excess of the regulatory criteria for unrestricted use. There was no 

documentation available confirming the radiological status of this facility after 1993.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• ORISE 93/H-110 Confirmatory Survey of Buildings 7, 8, 9, and 10A Bloomfield 

Lamp Plant Westinghouse Electric Corporation Bloomfield, New Jersey dated August 

1993.

• Elimination of the Former Westinghouse Electric Corporation

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 227 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1950 – present
Page 228 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Westinghouse Nuclear Fuels Division

Plutonium Fuel Laboratories and the Advanced Fuel Lab

Cheswick, Pennsylvania

ALSO KNOWN AS: Westinghouse Commercial Manufacturing

TIME PERIOD: 1971-1972; Residual Radiation 1973-1979

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

The Westinghouse Nuclear Fuels Division received shipments of nuclear materials from the 

AEC nuclear weapons complex in 1971 and 1972. The Cheswick site received a shipment of 

enriched uranium from the AEC’s Fernald plant in 1971. It also received a shipment of 

plutonium in 1972 from the West Valley facility. This plutonium originated out of Hanford. 

Because this material came from the nuclear weapons complex, the site qualifies as an Atomic 

Weapons Employer for these years. 

Although the Westinghouse facility in Cheswick, PA, conducted substantial work with 

radioactive materials in other years, this work is not covered under EEOICPA because it was 

not related to nuclear weapons production. This includes the fabrication of nuclear fuels and 

reactor subsystems for naval, space, and civilian applications. Among the projects to which 

the Cheswick facility contributed were the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program, the Nuclear 

Engine for Rocket Vehicle Application (NERVA) program, and the Liquid Metal Fast Breeder 

Reactor (LMFBR) program. 

DISCUSSION:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred that could 

not be differentiated from contamination originating from non-weapons related work. 

Buildings 7 and 8, which were associated with these operations, were decontaminated and 

decommissioned in 1979, under NRC. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Oak Ridge Associated Universities Report; "Confirmatory Radiological Surveys of 

Building 10 and Outside Areas Associated with Buildings 7 and 8 Westinghouse 

Nuclear Fuel Division"; November 1984

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1973 - 1979
Page 229 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

ACTIVITY NAME: Woburn Landfill 

Woburn, Massachusetts

ALSO KNOWN AS: Winchester Engineering Vicinity Property

 

TIME PERIOD: 1955-1960

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Fifty 55-gallon drums of low grade uranium ore were buried at the Woburn site. The material 

came from the AEC Raw Materials Development Laboratory (see the Winchester Engineering 

and Analytical Center) operated by the National Lead Company under contract from 1955-

1960.

DISCUSSION:

Documentation indicates that the material in question had an activity level similar to granite, 

and was dumped from the drums into a truck for disposition, and subsequently co-mingled 

with other refuse and waste. The original landfill was excavated in 1974 and was replaced 

with clean backfill to support construction of a light industrial complex.

Radiological surveys of the old landfill site and the new landfill (where the excavated material

was taken to) do not indicate radioactivity greater than expected background levels at either 

facility. 

It appears that the dumping of the contents from fifty drums occurred in 1960, whereupon the 

drums were reused. Based on the described low-level radiological characteristics of the 

material and subsequent radiological surveys from the affected areas there is no indication or 

reason to suspect residual contamination of any consequence existed beyond the date of 1960.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Massachusetts Dept. of Public Health Letter; G.Parker to W.Mott; Subject: Uranium 

in the Woburn Dump; October 15, 1979

• Oak Ridge National Lab Report; F.Haywood to A.Whitman; Subject: Soil Sample 

Analysis results; June 20, 1980 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred. 
Page 230 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Wolff-Alport Chemical Corp.

Brooklyn, New York

TIME PERIOD: 1949-1950; Residual Radiation 1951 - October 2009

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Wolff-Alport Chemical Corp. was under contract with the AEC (#AT-30-1-Gen-287) for the 

procurement of thorium containing sludge for stockpiling by the AEC. A March, 1949 

document mentions the "current contract expires June 30, 1949 and will probably be 

extended for another year. Cost is approximately $50,000 annually." This same document 

shows that almost 30,000 pounds of thorium oxalate sludge was provided to the AEC that 

year. 

DISCUSSION:

Records further indicate that activities were conducted as early as 1948 and continued on 

through 1954 when 238 drums of thorium oxalate sludge were sold to the AEC. 

Inventory records indicate that each year from 1948 to 1951 a minimum of 3,400 kilograms of 

thorium oxalate sludge were transferred to AEC.

Documentation reviewed indicates that residual contamination at this facility, if it exists, is 

not attributable to AWE related work, rather it was a result of commercial operations. Records 

do however indicate that purchase of sludges began in 1948 and continued through 1954, 

whereupon the material handling was AWE related.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• DOE Letter; Fiore to Solon; Subject; Notification of no DOE authority for Remedial 

Action at Wolff-Alport Chemical Corp.; 9/29/87. Attachment: FUSRAP Summary 

Report and Designation/Elimination Analysis for Wolff-Alport Chemical Corp. 

Brooklyn, N.Y. 1987.

• City of New York Information on Radiation Survey at the Former Wolff-Alport 

Chemical Corp, September 5, 2007

• Comparative Radiation Dose Table Wolff-Alport

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1951-present
Page 231 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Wolverine Tube Division

Detroit, Michigan

ALSO KNOWN AS: Hermes Automotive

Mamif Corporation

Division of Calumet Consolidated Copper Company

TIME PERIOD: 1943-1946; Residual Radiation 1947-1989 

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In 1943, the University of Chicago subcontracted to Wolverine Tube of Detroit, Michigan, for 

help in extrusion of metals that were needed as part of the Manhattan Project. Wolverine 

Tube performed research on the fabrication of aluminum slugs and the process of aluminum 

canning and also experimented with thorium and beryllium. This contract ended in 1946. 

Wolverine Tube received other AEC contracts because of its extrusion expertise.

DISCUSSION:

Available documentation does not include information on specific quantities of radioactive 

materials handled or radiological surveys from the time of, or immediately after, AWE related 

activities. There are indications that AWE related work may have been performed outside the 

listed period. Documentation states that "Work probably continued through 1955 under subcontract with Dupont (Savannah River Operations)."

ORAU performed a radiological survey in October of 1989, verifying the absence of 

significant residual contamination. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• DOE Report; FUSRAP Elimination Report for Former Wolverine Tube Division 1411 

Central Avenue, Detroit, Michigan; June,1990

• DOE (ORAU 90/A-16) Report; Radiological Survey at 1411 Central Avenue, Detroit, 

Michigan; February 1990

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is a potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.

PERIOD OF POTENTIAL RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

1947 - 1989
Page 232 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Wyckoff Drawn Steel Co.

Chicago, Illinois

ALSO KNOWN AS: Wyckoff Steel Co.

Ferranti Steel and Aluminum Company

 

TIME PERIOD: 1943

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

In 1943, the Metallurgical Laboratory conducted experiments of center-less grinding 

equipment on uranium. Wyckoff Drawn Steel Co. surfaced two tubes and one rod; however, 

its process was deemed to be too expensive and too slow to be used in production.

DISCUSSION:

Given that only one test was conducted using three pieces of metal, the facility is not likely to 

be contaminated beyond the date indicated on the DOE website.

In 1987, DOE FUSRAP completed an elimination report, removing this facility from 

FUSRAP activities.

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• Metallurgical Laboratory Memorandum; Creutz to Cooper; Subject: Centerless 

Grinding Equipment; July 28, 1943 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.
Page 233 of 233

Appendix A-2 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities

FACILITY NAME: Wykoff Steel Co.

Newark, New Jersey

TIME PERIOD: 1950

FACILITY DESCRIPTION:

DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website:

Wykoff Steel conducted tests of methods to straighten and finish uranium rods on September 

6, 1950.

DISCUSSION:

There were no radiological surveys performed during or after the test that were available in 

the available documentation. However, given this was a one-time test, the likelihood of 

significant facility contamination is remote. 

INFORMATIONAL SOURCES:

The sources of information used in this evaluation included:

• DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security Website

• AEC Memorandum; Breslin to Harris; Subject: Uranium Rod Drawing Test at 

Wyckoff Steel Co.; September 12, 1950 

EVALUATION FINDINGS:

Documentation reviewed indicates that there is little potential for significant residual 

contamination outside of the period in which weapons-related production occurred.