360networks inc.


                                       to


                                        ,

                                     Trustee


                                    INDENTURE

                                Dated as of , 200





                             Senior Debt Securities


<PAGE>



     Reconciliation and tie between Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and Indenture,
dated as of , 200

Trust Indenture
  Act Section                                          Indenture Section
---------------                                        -----------------
ss.310(a) ............................................   609
         (b)..........................................   608, 610
         (c)..........................................   Not Applicable
ss.311(a) ............................................   613
         (b)..........................................   613
         (c)..........................................   Not Applicable
ss.312(a) ............................................   701, 702(a)
         (b)..........................................   702(b)
         (c)..........................................   702(c)
ss.313(a) ............................................   703(a)
         (b)..........................................   703(b)
         (c)..........................................   703(b)
         (d)..........................................   703(c)
ss.314(a) ............................................   704
         (b)..........................................   Not Applicable
         (c)..........................................   102
         (d)..........................................   Not Applicable
         (e)..........................................   102
         (f)..........................................   Not Applicable
ss.315(a) ............................................   601
         (b)..........................................   602, 703(b)
         (c)..........................................   601(b)
         (d)..........................................   601(c)
         (e)..........................................   514
ss.316(a)(1)..........................................   512, 513
         (b)..........................................   508
         (c)..........................................   104(d)
ss.317(a)(1)..........................................   503
         (a)(2).......................................   504
         (b)..........................................   1003
ss.318(a) ............................................   107

NOTE: This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be a
      part of the Indenture.


<PAGE>


                                TABLE OF CONTENTS


                                                                            Page


                                   ARTICLE ONE


             DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION

SECTION 101. Definitions. ....................................................1
SECTION 102. Compliance Certificates and Opinions.............................8
SECTION 103. Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee...........................8
SECTION 104. Acts of Holders. ................................................9
SECTION 105. Notices, Etc., to Trustee and Company...........................10
SECTION 106. Notice to Holders; Waiver.......................................11
SECTION 107. Conflict with Trust Indenture Act...............................11
SECTION 108. Effect of Headings and Table of Contents........................11
SECTION 109. Successors and Assigns..........................................11
SECTION 110. Separability Clause.............................................12
SECTION 111. Benefits of Indenture...........................................12
SECTION 112. Governing Law. .................................................12
SECTION 113. Legal Holidays. ................................................12
SECTION 114. References to Currency..........................................12

                                   ARTICLE TWO


                                 SECURITY FORMS

SECTION 201. Forms Generally. ...............................................12
SECTION 202. Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication.................13
SECTION 203. Securities Issuable in the Form of a Global Security............13

                                  ARTICLE THREE


                                 THE SECURITIES

SECTION 301. Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series............................16
SECTION 302. Denominations. .................................................18
SECTION 303. Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating..................19
SECTION 304. Temporary Securities............................................20
SECTION 305. Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange.............21


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                                                                            Page

SECTION 306. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities................22
SECTION 307. Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved..................23
SECTION 308. Persons Deemed Owners...........................................24
SECTION 309. Cancellation. ..................................................24
SECTION 310. Computation of Interest.........................................25

                                  ARTICLE FOUR


                           SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE

SECTION 401. Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.........................25
SECTION 402. Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification.....................26
SECTION 403. Defeasance and Discharge of Indenture...........................27
SECTION 404. Defeasance of Certain Obligations...............................29

                                  ARTICLE FIVE


                                    REMEDIES

SECTION 501. Events of Default...............................................30
SECTION 502. Acceleration of Maturity: Rescission and Annulment..............32
SECTION 503. Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee.33
SECTION 504. Trustee May File Proofs of Claim................................34
SECTION 505. Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities.....35
SECTION 506. Application of Money Collected..................................35
SECTION 507. Limitation on Suits.............................................36
SECTION 508. Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal,
               Premium and Interest..........................................37
SECTION 509. Restoration of Rights and Remedies..............................37
SECTION 510. Rights and Remedies Cumulative..................................37
SECTION 511. Delay or Omission Not Waiver....................................37
SECTION 512. Control by Holders..............................................38
SECTION 513. Waiver of Past Defaults.........................................38
SECTION 514. Undertaking for Costs...........................................39
SECTION 515. Waiver of Stay or Extension Laws................................39



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                                                                            Page

                                   ARTICLE SIX


                                   THE TRUSTEE

SECTION 601. Certain Duties and Responsibilities.............................39
SECTION 602. Notice of Defaults..............................................41
SECTION 603. Certain Rights of Trustee.......................................41
SECTION 604. Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities..........42
SECTION 605. May Hold Securities.............................................43
SECTION 606. Money Held in Trust.............................................43
SECTION 607. Compensation and Reimbursement..................................43
SECTION 608. Disqualification; Conflicting Interests.........................44
SECTION 609. Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility.........................44
SECTION 610. Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor...............44
SECTION 611. Acceptance of Appointment by Successor..........................46
SECTION 612. Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business.....47
SECTION 613. Preferential Collection of Claims Against Corporation...........48

                                  ARTICLE SEVEN


                HOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY

SECTION 701. Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders.......48
SECTION 702. Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders..........48
SECTION 703. Reports by Trustee..............................................51
SECTION 704. Reports by Company..............................................51

                                  ARTICLE EIGHT


              CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE

SECTION 801. Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms............52
SECTION 802. Successor Corporation Substituted...............................53



                                      -iii-
<PAGE>
                                                                            Page

                                  ARTICLE NINE


                             SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

SECTION 901. Supplemental Indentures without Consent of Holders..............54
SECTION 902. Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders.................55
SECTION 903. Execution of Supplemental Indentures............................56
SECTION 904. Effect of Supplemental Indentures...............................56
SECTION 905. Conformity with Trust Indenture Act.............................57
SECTION 906. Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures..............57

                                   ARTICLE TEN


                                    COVENANTS

SECTION 1001. Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest.....................57
SECTION 1002. Maintenance of Office or Agency................................57
SECTION 1003. Money for Securities; Payments to Be Held in Trust.............59
SECTION 1004. Corporate Existence............................................60
SECTION 1005. Maintenance of Properties......................................61
SECTION 1006. Payment of Taxes...............................................61
SECTION 1007. Statement by Officers as to Default............................61
SECTION 1008. Waiver of Certain Covenants....................................61

                                 ARTICLE ELEVEN


                            REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES

SECTION 1101. Applicability of Article.......................................62
SECTION 1102. Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee..........................62
SECTION 1103. Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed..............62
SECTION 1104. Notice of Redemption...........................................63
SECTION 1105. Deposit of Redemption Price....................................64
SECTION 1106. Securities Payable on Redemption Date..........................64
SECTION 1107. Securities Redeemed in Part....................................65



                                      -iv-
<PAGE>
                                                                            Page


                                 ARTICLE TWELVE


                                  SINKING FUNDS

SECTION 1201. Applicability of Article.......................................65
SECTION 1202. Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities..........65
SECTION 1203. Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund......................66





                                       -v-
<PAGE>



     INDENTURE, dated as of , 200 , between 360networks inc., a corporation
continued under the laws of Nova Scotia (herein called the "Company" or the
"Issuer"), having its principal office at 1500-1066 West Hastings Street,
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6E 3XI and , a existing under the laws of ,
as trustee hereunder (herein called the "Trustee").

                             RECITALS OF THE COMPANY

     The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this
Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its unsecured
debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness (herein called the
"Securities"), to be issued in one or more series as in this Indenture provided.

     All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the
Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.

                  NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH:

     For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the Securities
by the Holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed, for the equal and
proportionate benefit of all Holders of the Securities or of series thereof, as
follows:


                                   ARTICLE ONE

                        DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS
                             OF GENERAL APPLICATION


SECTION 101. Definitions.

     For all purposes of this Indenture, except as otherwise expressly provided
or unless the context otherwise requires:

          (1) the terms defined in this article have the meanings assigned to
     them in this article and include the plural as well as the singular;

          (2) all other terms used herein which are defined in the Trust
     Indenture Act, either directly or by reference therein, have the meanings
     assigned to them therein;

          (3) all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have the
     meanings assigned to them in accordance with generally accepted accounting
     principles in the United States, and, except as otherwise herein expressly
     provided, the term


<PAGE>
                                      -2-


     "generally accepted accounting principles" with respect to any computation
     required or permitted hereunder shall mean such accounting principles as
     are generally accepted at the date of such computation;

          (4) the words "herein," "hereof" and "hereunder" and other words of
     similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular
     article, section or other subdivision; and

          (5) all references used herein to the male gender shall include the
     female gender.

     "Act," when used with respect to any Holder, has the meaning specified in
Section 104.

     "Affiliate" of any specified Person means any other Person directly or
indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common
control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition,
"control" when used with respect to any specified Person means the power to
direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly,
whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise;
and the terms "controlling" and "controlled" have meanings correlative to the
foregoing.

     "Board of Directors" means either the board of directors of the Company or
any duly authorized committee of that board duly authorized to act hereunder.

     "Board Resolution" means a copy of a resolution, certified by the secretary
or an assistant secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board
of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such
certification, delivered to the Trustee.

     "Business Day" means each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday
which is not a day on which banking institutions or trust companies are
authorized or obligated by law, regulation or executive order to close in The
City of New York, the Borough of Manhattan.

     "Commission" means the Securities and Exchange Commission, as from time to
time constituted, created under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or, if at
any time after the execution of this instrument such Commission is not existing
and performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture Act, then
the body performing such duties at such time.

     "Company" means the Person named as the "Company" in the first paragraph of
this instrument until a successor corpora-


<PAGE>
                                      -3-


tion shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this
Indenture, and thereafter "Company" shall mean such successor corporation.

     "Company Request" or "Company Order" means a written request or order
signed in the name of the Company by its chairman of the board, a vice chairman,
its president or a vice president, and by its treasurer, an assistant treasurer,
its secretary or an assistant secretary, and delivered to the Trustee.

     "Corporate Trust Office" means the principal office of the Trustee at which
at any particular time its corporate trust business shall be administered.

     "Corporation" includes corporations, associations, companies and business
trusts.

     "Defaulted Interest" has the meaning specified in Section 307.

     "Depositary" means, unless otherwise specified by the Company pursuant to
either Section 203 or 301, with respect to Securities of any series issuable or
issued as a Global Security, The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York,
or any successor thereto registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
as amended, or other applicable statute or regulation.

     "Event of Default" has the meaning specified in Section 501.

     "Global Security" means a Security issued to evidence all or a part of any
series of Securities which is executed by the Company and authenticated and
delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary or pursuant to the Depositary's
instruction, all in accordance with this Indenture and pursuant to a Company
Order, which shall be registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee.

     "Holder" means a Person in whose name a Security is registered in the
Security Register.

     "Holder Action" has the meaning specified in Section 702(d).

     "Indenture" means this instrument as originally executed or as it may from
time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental
hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof and shall
include the terms of particular series of Securities established as contemplated
by Section 301.


<PAGE>
                                      -4-


     "Interest," when used with respect to an Original Issue Discount Security
which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means interest payable
after Maturity.

     "Interest Payment Date," when used with respect to any Security, means the
Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Security.

     "Issuer" means the Person named as the "Issuer" in the first paragraph of
this instrument until a successor corporation shall have become such pursuant to
the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter "Issuer" shall mean
such successor corporation.

     "Maturity," when used with respect to any Security, means the date on which
the principal of such Security or an installment of principal becomes due and
payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by
declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or otherwise.

     "Officers' Certificate" means a certificate signed by the chairman of the
board, the president or a vice president, and by the treasurer, an assistant
treasurer, the secretary or an assistant secretary, of the Company, and
delivered to the Trustee.

     "Opinion of Counsel" means written opinion of counsel, who may be counsel
for the Company and who shall be acceptable to the Trustee.

     "Original Issue Discount Security" means any Security which provides for an
amount less than the principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon a
declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 502.

     "Outstanding," when used with respect to Securities, means, as of the date
of determination, all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered under
this Indenture, except:

          (i) Securities theretofore cancelled by the Trustee or delivered to
     the Trustee for cancellation;

          (ii) Securities for whose payment or redemption money or evidences of
     indebtedness in the necessary amount has been theretofore deposited with
     the Trustee or any Paying Agent (other than the Company) in trust or set
     aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as
     its own Paying Agent) for the Holders of such Securities; provided that, if
     such Securities are to be redeemed, notice of such redemption has been duly
     given pursuant to this Indenture or provision therefor satisfactory to the
     Trustee has been made; and


<PAGE>
                                      -5-


          (iii) Securities which have been paid pursuant to Section 306 or in
     exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been authenticated
     and delivered pursuant to this Indenture, other than any such Securities in
     respect of which there shall have been presented to the Trustee proof
     satisfactory to it that such Securities are held by a bona fide purchaser
     in whose hands such Securities are valid obligations of the Company;

provided, however, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities have given any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, Securities owned
by the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the
Company or of such other obligor shall be disregarded and deemed not to be
Outstanding, except that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be protected
in relying upon any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent or waiver, only Securities which the Trustee knows to be so owned shall
be so disregarded. Securities so owned which have been pledged in good faith may
be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the
Trustee the pledgee's right so to act with respect to such Securities and that
the pledgee is not the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any
Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor. In case of a dispute as to
such right, any decision by the Trustee shall be full protection to the Trustee.
Upon request of the Trustee, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee promptly
an Officers' Certificate listing and identifying all Securities, if any, known
by the Company to be owned or held by or for the account of any of the
above-described persons; and, subject to Section 601, the Trustee shall be
entitled to accept such Officers' Certificate as conclusive evidence of the
facts therein set forth and of the fact that all Securities not listed therein
are Outstanding for the purposes of any such determination.

     "Paying Agent" means any Person authorized by the Company to pay the
principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any Securities on behalf of
the Company.

     "Person" means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture,
association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or
government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.

     "Place of Payment," when used with respect to the Securities of any series,
means the place or places where the principal of (and premium, if any) and
interest on the Securities of that series are payable as specified as
contemplated by Section 301.


<PAGE>
                                      -6-


     "Predecessor Security" of any particular Security means every previous
Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such
particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security
authenticated and delivered under Section 306 in exchange for or in lieu of a
mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the
same debt as the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security.

     "Redemption Date," when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed,
means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this Indenture.

     "Redemption Price," when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed,
means the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to this Indenture.

     "Regular Record Date" for the interest payable on any Interest Payment Date
on the Securities of any series means the date specified for that purpose as
contemplated by Section 301.

     "Responsible Officer," when used with respect to the Trustee, means the
chairman of the board, the president, any vice president or any officer of the
Trustee assigned by the Trustee to administer its corporate trust matters.

     "Securities" has the meaning stated in the first recital of this Indenture
and more particularly means any Securities authenticated and delivered under
this Indenture.

     "Security Register" and "Security Registrar" have the respective meanings
specified in Section 305.

     "Special Record Date" for the payment of any Defaulted Interest means a
date fixed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 307.

     "Stated Maturity," when used with respect to any Security or any
installment of principal thereof or interest thereon, means the date specified
in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or
such installment of principal or interest is due and payable.

     "Subsidiary" means, with respect to any Person:

     (1)  any corporation a majority of whose capital stock with voting power,
          under ordinary circumstances, to elect directors is, at the date of
          determination, directly or indirectly, owned by such Person (a
          "subsidiary"), by one or more subsidiaries of


<PAGE>
                                      -7-


          such Person or by such Person and one or more subsidiaries of such
          Person;

     (2)  a partnership in which such Person or a subsidiary of such Person is,
          at the date of determination, a general partner of such partnership;
          or

     (3)  any partnership, limited liability company or other Person in which
          such Person, a subsidiary of such Person or such Person and one or
          more subsidiaries of such Person, directly or indirectly, at the date
          of determination, has (x) at least a majority ownership interest or
          (y) the power to elect or appoint or direct the election or
          appointment of the managing partner or member of such Person or, if
          applicable, a majority of the directors or other governing body of
          such Person.

     "Trustee" means the Person named as the "Trustee" in the first paragraph of
this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such pursuant to the
applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter "Trustee" shall mean or
include each Person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and if at any time there is
more than one such Person, "Trustee" as used with respect to the Securities of
any series shall mean the Trustee with respect to Securities of that series.

     "Trust Indenture Act" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as amended and
in force at the date as of which this instrument was executed, except as
provided in Section 905.

     "U.S. Government Obligations" means securities which are (i) direct
obligations of the United States of America for the payment of which its full
faith and credit is pledged or (ii) obligations of a Person controlled or
supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of
America the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as to the timely
payment of principal and interest as a full faith and credit obligation by the
United States of America, which, in either case, are not callable or redeemable
at the option of the issuer thereof, and shall also include a depository receipt
issued by a bank or trust company which is a member of the Federal Reserve
System and having a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000 as
custodian with respect to any such obligation evidenced by such depository
receipt or a specific payment of interest on or principal of any such obligation
held by such custodian for the account of the holder of a depository receipt;
provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to
make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depository
receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the obligation
set forth in (i) or (ii) above or


<PAGE>
                                      -8-


the specific payment of interest on or principal of such obligation evidenced by
such depository receipt.

SECTION 102. Compliance Certificates and Opinions.

     Upon any application or request by the Company to the Trustee to take any
action under any provision of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the
Trustee an Officers' Certificate stating that all conditions precedent, if any,
provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been
complied with and an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the opinion of such
counsel all such conditions precedent, if any, have been complied with, except
that in the case of any such application or request as to which the furnishing
of such documents is specifically required by any provision of this Indenture
relating to such particular application or request, no additional certificate or
opinion need be furnished.

     Every certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or
covenant provided for in this Indenture shall include:

          (1) a statement that the Person signing such certificate or opinion
     has read such covenant or condition and the definitions herein relating
     thereto;

          (2) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or
     investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such
     certificate or opinion are based;

          (3) a statement that, in the opinion of each such Person, such Person
     has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to
     express an informed opinion as to whether or not such condition or covenant
     has been complied with; and

          (4) a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each such Person,
     such condition or covenant has been complied with.

SECTION 103. Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee.

     In any case where several matters are required to be certified by, or
covered by an opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all
such matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such
Person, or that they be so certified or covered by only one document, but one
such Person may certify or give an opinion with respect to some matters and one
or more other such Persons as to other matters, and any such


<PAGE>
                                      -9-


Person may certify or give an opinion as to such matters in one or several
documents.

     Any certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company may be based,
insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or
representations by, counsel, unless such officer knows, or in the exercise of
reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations
with respect to such matters is erroneous. Any certificate of counsel or Opinion
of Counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon a
certificate or opinion of, or representations by, an officer or officers of the
Company stating that the information with respect to such factual matters is in
the possession of the Company, unless such counsel knows, or in the exercise of
reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations
with respect to such matters are erroneous.

     Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or more
applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or other
instruments under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be consolidated and
form one instrument.

SECTION 104. Acts of Holders.

     (a) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or other action provided by this Indenture to be given or taken by Holders may
be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar
tenor signed by such Holders in person or by an agent duly appointed in writing;
and, except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such action shall become
effective when such instrument or instruments are delivered to the Trustee and,
where it is hereby expressly required, to the Company. Such instrument or
instruments (and the action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein
sometimes referred to as the "Act" of the Holders signing such instrument or
instruments. Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a writing
appointing any such agent shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture
and (subject to Section 601) conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company,
if made in the manner provided in this section.

     (b) The fact and date of the execution of any such instrument or writing,
or the authority of the Person executing the same, may be proved in accordance
with such reasonable rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the Trustee
or in any reasonable manner which the Trustee deems sufficient.

     (c) The ownership of Securities shall be proved by the Security Register.


<PAGE>
                                      -10-


     (d) If the Company shall solicit from the Holders any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, the Company may,
at its option, by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, fix in advance a record
date for the determination of Holders entitled to give such request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, but the Company
shall have no obligation to do so. Notwithstanding Trust Indenture Act Section
316(c), such record date shall be the record date specified in or pursuant to
such Board Resolution, which shall be a date not earlier than the date 30 days
prior to the first solicitation of Holders generally in connection therewith and
not later than the date such solicitation is completed. If such a record date is
fixed, such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or other Act maybe given before or after such record date, but only the Holders
of record at the close of business on such record date shall be deemed to be
Holders for the purposes of determining whether Holders of the requisite
proportion of Outstanding Securities shall be computed as of such record date;
provided, however, that no such authorization, agreement or consent by such
Holders on such record date shall be deemed effective unless it shall become
effective pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture not later than eleven
months after the record date.

     (e) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or other Act of the Holder of any Security shall bind every future Holder of the
same Security and the Holder of every Security issued upon the registration of
transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof in respect of
anything done, omitted or suffered to be done by the Trustee or the Company in
reliance thereon, whether or not notation of such action is made upon such
Security.

SECTION 105. Notices, Etc., to Trustee and Company.

     Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or
Act of Holders or other document provided or permitted by this Indenture to be
made upon, given or furnished to, or filed with,

          (1) the Trustee by any Holder or by the Company shall be sufficient
     for every purpose hereunder if made, given, furnished or filed in writing
     to or with the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office, Attention: Corporate
     Trust Department, or

          (2) the Company by the Trustee or by any Holder shall be sufficient
     for every purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if
     in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to the Company
     addressed to it at the address of its principal office specified in the
     first para-


<PAGE>
                                      -11-


     graph of this instrument or at any other address previously furnished in
     writing to the Trustee by the Company, to the attention of the general
     counsel of the Company.

SECTION 106. Notice to Holders; Waiver.

     Where this Indenture provides for notice to Holders of any event, such
notice shall be sufficiently given (unless otherwise herein expressly provided)
if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each Holder affected
by such event, at his address as it appears in the Security Register, not later
than the latest date, and not earlier than the earliest date, prescribed for the
giving of such notice. In any case where notice to Holders is given by mail,
neither the failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any notice so mailed,
to any particular Holder shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with
respect to other Holders. Where this Indenture provides for notice in any
manner, such notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive
such notice, either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the
equivalent of such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the
Trustee, but such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of
any action taken in reliance upon such waiver.

     In case by reason of the suspension of regular mail service or by reason of
any other case it shall be impracticable to give such notice by mail, then such
notification as shall be made with the approval of the Trustee shall constitute
a sufficient notification for every purpose hereunder.

SECTION 107. Conflict with Trust Indenture Act.

     If any provision hereof limits, qualifies or conflicts with another
provision which is required or deemed to be included in this Indenture by any of
the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act, such required or deemed provision
shall control.

SECTION 108. Effect of Headings and Table of Contents.

     The article and section headings herein and the table of contents are for
convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.

SECTION 109. Successors and Assigns.

     All covenants and agreements in this Indenture by the Company shall bind
its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.


<PAGE>
                                      -12-


SECTION 110. Separability Clause.

     In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be
invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of
the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

SECTION 111. Benefits of Indenture.

     Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, express or implied, shall
give to any Person, other than the parties hereto and their successors hereunder
and the Holders, any benefit or any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim
under this Indenture.

SECTION 112. Governing Law.

     This Indenture and the Securities shall be governed by and construed in
accordance with the laws of the State of New York.

SECTION 113. Legal Holidays.

     In any case where any Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date or Stated
Maturity of any Security shall not be a Business Day at any Place of Payment,
then (notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or of the
Securities) payment of interest or principal (and premium, if any) need not be
made at such Place of Payment on such date, but may be made on the next
succeeding Business Day at such Place of Payment with the same force and effect
as if made on the Interest Payment Date or Redemption Date, or at the Stated
Maturity, provided that no interest shall accrue for the period from and after
such Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date or Stated Maturity, as the case may
be.

SECTION 114. References to Currency.

     All references in this Indenture to "dollars" or "$" are to the currency of
the United States of America.


                                   ARTICLE TWO

                                 SECURITY FORMS


SECTION 201. Forms Generally.

     The Securities of each series shall be in substantially the forms
established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto or approved from time
to time by or pursuant to a Board


<PAGE>
                                      -13-


Resolution in accordance with Section 301, in each case with such appropriate
insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or
permitted by this Indenture and any indenture supplemental hereto, and may have
such letters, numbers or other marks of identification and such legends or
endorsements placed thereon as may be required to comply with the rules of any
securities exchange or securities regulatory authority or as may, consistently
herewith, be determined by the officers executing such Securities, as evidenced
by their execution of the Securities. If the form of Securities of any series is
established by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of an
appropriate record of such action shall be certified by the secretary or an
assistant secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to
the delivery of the Company Order contemplated by Section 303 for the
authentication and delivery of such Securities.

     The definitive Securities shall be printed, lithographed or engraved on
steel engraved borders or may be produced in any other manner, all as determined
by the officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by their execution of
such Securities.

SECTION 202. Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication.

     The Trustee's certificate of authentication required by this article shall
be in substantially the form set forth below.

     "This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred to
in the within-mentioned Indenture.

                                        ,
                          as Trustee



                          By   ______________________________________________"
                                          Authorized Officer

SECTION 203. Securities Issuable in the Form of a Global Security.

     (a) If the Issuer shall establish pursuant to Sections 201 and 301 that the
Securities of a particular series are to be issued in whole or in part in the
form of one or more Global Securities, then the Issuer shall execute and the
Trustee shall, in accordance with Section 303 and the Company Order delivered to
the Trustee thereunder, authenticate and deliver, such Global Security or
Securities, which (i) shall represent, and shall be denominated in an amount
equal to the aggregate principal amount of, the Outstanding Securities of such
series to be represented


<PAGE>
                                      -14-


by such Global Security or Securities, (ii) shall be registered in the name of
the Depositary for such Global Security or Securities or its nominee, (iii)
shall be delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary or pursuant to the
Depositary's instruction and (iv) shall bear a legend substantially to the
following effect: "UNLESS AND UNTIL IT IS EXCHANGED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FOR THE
INDIVIDUAL SECURITIES REPRESENTED HEREBY, THIS GLOBAL SECURITY MAY NOT BE
TRANSFERRED EXCEPT AS A WHOLE (I) BY THE DEPOSITARY TO A NOMINEE OF THE
DEPOSITARY OR (II) BY A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY OR THE DEPOSITARY TO A
SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE OF SUCH SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY. UNLESS THIS
CERTIFICATE IS PRESENTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITORY TRUST
COMPANY (55 WATER STREET, NEW YORK, NEW YORK) TO THE ISSUER OR ITS AGENT FOR
REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER, EXCHANGE OR PAYMENT AND ANY CERTIFICATE ISSUED IS
REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF CEDE & CO. OR SUCH OTHER NAME AS REQUESTED BY AN
AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY AND ANY PAYMENT IS
MADE TO CEDE & CO., ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR
OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL SINCE THE REGISTERED OWNER HEREOF,
CEDE & CO., HAS AN INTEREST HEREIN."

     (b) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section or of Section 305,
unless the terms of a Global Security expressly permit such Global Security to
be exchanged in whole or in part for individual Securities, a Global Security
may be transferred, in whole but not in part and in the manner provided in
Section 305, only to another nominee of the Depositary for such Global Security,
or to a successor Depositary for such Global Security selected or approved by
the Issuer or to a nominee of such successor Depositary.

     (c) (i) If at any time the Depositary for a Global Security notifies the
Issuer that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such Global
Security or if at any time the Depositary for the Securities for such series
shall no longer be eligible or in good standing under the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended, or other applicable statute or regulation, the Issuer
shall appoint a successor Depositary with respect to such Global Security. If a
successor Depositary for such Global Security is not appointed by the Issuer
within 90 days after the Issuer receives such notice or becomes aware of such
ineligibility, the Issuer will execute a Company Order for the authentication
and delivery of individual Securities of such series in exchange for such Global
Security, and the Trustee, upon receipt of such Company Order, will authenticate
and deliver individual Securities of such series of like tenor and terms in
definitive form in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount
of the Global Security in exchange for such Global Security.


<PAGE>
                                      -15-


     (ii) If an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing or an
event shall have occurred which with the giving of notice or lapse of time or
both, would constitute an Event of Default with respect to the Securities
represented by such Global Security, the Trustee, upon receipt of a Company
Order for the authentication and delivery of individual Securities of such
series in exchange for such Global Security, will authenticate and deliver
individual Securities of such series of like tenor and terms in definitive form
in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global
Security in exchange for such Global Security.

     (iii) The Issuer may at any time and in its sole discretion determine that
the Securities of any series issued or issuable in the form of one or more
Global Securities shall no longer be represented by such Global Security or
Securities. In such event the Issuer will execute, and the Trustee, upon receipt
of a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of individual Securities
of such series in exchange in whole or in part for such Global Security, will
authenticate and deliver individual Securities of such series of like tenor and
terms in definitive form in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal
amount of such Global Security or Securities representing such series to be so
exchanged for such Global Security or Securities.

     (iv) If specified by the Issuer pursuant to Section 301 with respect to
Securities issued or issuable in the form of a Global Security, the Depositary
for such Global Security may surrender such Global Security in exchange in whole
or in part for individual Securities of such series of like tenor and terms in
definitive form on such terms as are acceptable to the Issuer and such
Depositary. Thereupon the Issuer shall execute, and the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver, without service charge, (1) to each Person specified
by such Depositary a new Security or Securities of the same series of like tenor
and terms and of any authorized denomination of $1,000 and any integral multiple
thereof as requested by such Person in aggregate principal amount equal to and
in exchange for such Person's beneficial interest in the Global Security; and
(2) to such Depositary a new Global Security of like tenor and terms and in a
denomination equal to the difference, if any, between the principal amount of
the surrendered Global Security and the aggregate principal amount of Securities
delivered to Holders thereof.

     (v) In any exchange provided for in any of the preceding four paragraphs,
the Issuer will execute and the Trustee will authenticate and deliver individual
Securities in definitive registered form in authorized denominations of $1,000
and any integral multiple thereof. Upon the exchange of a Global Security for
individual Securities, such Global Security shall be cancelled by the Trustee.
Securities issued in exchange for a


<PAGE>
                                      -16-


Global Security pursuant to this section shall be registered in such names and
in such authorized denominations as the Depositary for such Global Security,
pursuant to instructions from its direct or indirect participants or otherwise,
shall instruct the Trustee. The Trustee shall deliver such Securities to the
persons in whose names such Securities are so registered.


                                  ARTICLE THREE

                                 THE SECURITIES


SECTION 301. Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series.

     The aggregate principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated and
delivered under this Indenture is unlimited.

     The Securities may be issued in one or more series. There shall be
established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution and set forth in an Officers'
Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, prior
to the issuance of Securities of any series,

          (1) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of
     the series which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture
     (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of
     transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the
     series pursuant to Sections 203, 304, 305, 306, 906 or 1107);

          (2) the issue price, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate
     principal amount;

          (3) the date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the
     series is payable;

          (4) the rate or rates at which the Securities of the series shall bear
     interest, if any, the date or dates from which such interest shall accrue,
     the Interest Payment Dates on which such interest shall be payable and the
     Regular Record Date for the interest payable on the Interest Payment Date;

          (5) the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase
     Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous
     provisions or at the option of a Holder thereof and the period or periods
     within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions
     upon which Se-


<PAGE>
                                      -17-


     curities of the series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part,
     pursuant to such obligation;

          (6) the period of periods within which, the price or prices or ratios
     at which and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series
     may be redeemed, converted or exchanged, in whole or in part;

          (7) if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple
     thereof, the denominations in which Securities of the series shall be
     issuable;

          (8) if other than the full principal amount, the portion of the
     principal amount of Debt Securities of the series which will be payable
     upon declaration of acceleration or provable in bankruptcy;

          (9) any events of default not set forth in this Indenture;

          (10) the currency or currencies, including composite currencies, in
     which payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if
     any, on such Securities shall be payable (if other than the currency of the
     United States of America), which unless otherwise specified shall be the
     currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment is legal
     tender for payment of public or private debts;

          (11) if the principal of (and premium, if any), or interest, if any,
     on such Securities are to be payable, at the election of the Company or any
     Holder thereof, in a coin or currency other than that in which such
     Securities are stated to be payable, then the period or periods within
     which, and the terms and conditions upon which, such election may be made;

          (12) whether interest will be payable in cash or additional Securities
     at the Company's or the Holders' option and the terms and conditions upon
     which the election may be made;

          (13) if such Securities are to be denominated in a currency or
     currencies, including composite currencies, other than the currency of the
     United States of America, the equivalent price in the currency of the
     United States of America for purposes of determining the voting rights of
     Holders of such Securities as Outstanding Securities under this Indenture;


<PAGE>
                                      -18-


          (14) if the amount of payments of principal of (and premium, if any),
     or portions thereof, or interest, if any, on such Securities may be
     determined with reference to an index, formula or other method based on a
     coin or currency other than that in which such Securities are stated to be
     payable, the manner in which such amounts shall be determined;

          (15) any restrictive covenants or other material terms relating to the
     offered debt securities, which covenants and terms shall not be
     inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture;

          (16) whether the Securities of the series shall be issued in whole or
     in part in the form of a Global Security or Securities; the terms and
     conditions, if any, upon which such Global Security or Securities may be
     exchanged in whole or in part for other individual Securities; and the
     Depositary for such Global Security or Securities;

          (17) any listing of such Securities on any securities exchange;

          (18) additional or alternative provisions, if any, related to
     defeasance and discharge of the offered debt securities;

          (19) the applicability of any guarantees; and

          (20) any other terms of the series, which terms shall not be
     inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture.

     All Securities of any one series shall be substantially identical except as
to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to such
Board Resolution and set forth in such Officers' Certificate or in any such
indenture supplemental hereto.

     If any of the terms of the Securities of any series are established by
action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of
such action shall be certified by the secretary or an assistant secretary of the
Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the
Officers' Certificate setting forth the terms of the Securities of any series.

SECTION 302. Denominations.

     The Securities of each series shall be issuable in registered form without
coupons in such denominations as shall be specified as contemplated by Section
301. In the absence of any


<PAGE>
                                      -19-


such provisions with respect to the Securities of any series, the Securities of
such series shall be issuable in denominations of $1,000 and any integral
multiple thereof.

SECTION 303. Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating.

     The Securities shall be executed on behalf of the Company by its chairman
of the board, a vice chairman, its president or one of its vice presidents,
under its corporate seal reproduced thereon attested by its secretary or one of
its Assistant Secretaries. The signature of any of these officers on the
Securities may be manual or facsimile.

     Securities bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of individuals who
were at any time the proper officers of the Company shall bind the Company,
notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to hold such
offices prior to the authentication and delivery of such Securities or did not
hold such offices at the date of such Securities.

     At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this
Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series executed by the
Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a Company Order for the
authentication and delivery of such Securities, and the Trustee in accordance
with the Company Order shall authenticate and deliver such Securities. If the
form or terms of the Securities of the series have been established in or
pursuant to one or more Board Resolutions as permitted by Sections 201 and 301,
or by one or more indentures supplemental hereto as provided by Section 901, in
authenticating such Securities, and accepting the additional responsibilities
under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be
entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 601) shall be fully protected in
relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating,

          (a) that such form has been established in conformity with the
     provisions of this Indenture;

          (b) that such terms have been established in conformity with the
     provisions of this Indenture;

          (c) that such Securities, when authenticated and delivered by the
     Trustee and issued by the Company in the manner and subject to any
     conditions specified in such Opinion of Counsel, will constitute valid and
     legally binding obligations of the Company, enforceable in accordance with
     their terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance,
     reorganization and other laws of general applicability relating to or
     affecting the enforcement of creditors' rights and to general equity
     principles;


<PAGE>
                                      -20-


          (d) that all laws and requirements in respect of the execution and
     delivery by the Company of the Securities have been complied with; and

          (e) such other matters as the Trustee may reasonably request.

If such form or terms have been so established, the Trustee shall not be
required to authenticate such Securities if the issue of such Securities
pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee's own rights, duties or
immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner
which is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.

     Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication unless
otherwise provided by the terms established and contemplated by Section 301.

     No Security shall be entitled to any benefit under this Indenture or be
valid or obligatory for any purpose unless there appears on such Security a
certificate of authentication substantially in the form provided for herein
executed by the Trustee by manual signature, and such certificate upon any
Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such Security
has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder and is entitled to the
benefits of this Indenture.

SECTION 304. Temporary Securities.

     Pending the preparation of definitive Securities of any series, the Company
may execute, and upon Company Order the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver,
temporary Securities which are printed, lithographed, typewritten, mimeographed
or otherwise produced, in any authorized denomination, substantially of the
tenor of the definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued and with
such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as
the officers executing such Securities may determine, as evidenced by their
execution of such Securities.

     If temporary Securities of any series are issued, the Company will cause
definitive Securities of that series to be prepared without unreasonable delay.
After the preparation of definitive Securities of such series, the temporary
Securities of such series shall be exchangeable for definitive Securities of
such series upon surrender of the temporary Securities of such series at the
office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment for that series, without
charge to the Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more
temporary Securities of any series the Company shall execute and the Trustee
shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a like principal


<PAGE>
                                      -21-


amount of definitive Securities of the same series of authorized denominations.
Until so exchanged the temporary Securities of any series shall in all respects
be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities
of such series.

SECTION 305. Registration, Registration of Transfer and Exchange.

     The Company shall cause to be kept at one of its offices or agencies
maintained pursuant to Section 1002 or at the Corporate Trust Office of the
Trustee a register (the register maintained in such office and in any other
office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment being herein sometimes
collectively referred to as the "Security Register") in which, subject to
Section 203 and to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company
shall provide for the registration of Securities and of transfers of Securities.
The Trustee initially is hereby appointed "Security Registrar" for the purpose
of registering Securities and transfers of Securities as herein provided.

     Subject to Section 203, upon surrender for registration of transfer of any
Security of any series at the office or agency in a Place of Payment for that
series, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver, in the name of the designated transferee or transferees, one or more
new Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of a like
aggregate principal amount.

     Subject to Section 203, at the option of the Holder, Securities of any
series may be exchanged for other Securities of the same series, of any
authorized denominations and of a like aggregate principal amount, upon
surrender of the Securities to be exchanged at such office or agency. Whenever
any Securities are so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and
the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities which the Holder
making the exchange is entitled to receive.

     Subject to Section 203, all Securities issued upon any registration or
transfer or exchange of Securities shall be valid obligations of the Company,
evidencing the same debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this
Indenture, as the Securities surrendered upon such registration of transfer or
exchange.

     Every Security presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or for
exchange shall (if so required by the Company or the Trustee) be duly endorsed,
or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to
the Company and the Security Registrar duly executed, by the Holder thereof or
his attorney duly authorized in writing.


<PAGE>
                                      -22-


     No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or
exchange of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient
to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection
with any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, other than
exchanges pursuant to Section 203, 304, 906 or 1107 not involving any transfer.

     The Company shall not be required (i) to issue, register the transfer of or
exchange Securities of any series during a period beginning at the opening of
business 15 days before the day of the mailing of a notice of redemption of
Securities of that series selected for redemption (under Section 1103) and
ending at the close of business on the day of such mailing, or (ii) to register
the transfer of or exchange any Security so selected for redemption in whole or
in part, except the unredeemed portion of any Security being redeemed in part.

SECTION 306. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities.

     If there shall be delivered to the Company and the Trustee (i)(A) any
mutilated Security or (B) evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction,
loss or theft of any Security and (ii) such security or indemnity as may be
required by them to hold each of them and any agent of either of them harmless,
then, in the absence of notice to the Company or the Trustee that such Security
has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Company shall execute and upon
its request the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in lieu of any such
destroyed, lost or stolen Security or in exchange for such mutilated Security, a
new Security of the same series and of like tenor and principal amount and
bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

     In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has become
or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may,
instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.

     Upon the issuance of any new Security under this section, the Company may
require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental
charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including
the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.

     Every new Security of any series issued pursuant to this section in lieu of
any destroyed, lost or stolen Security or in exchange for such mutilated
Security, shall constitute an original additional contractual obligation of the
Company, whether or not the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall
be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits
of this Indenture equally and proportionately


<PAGE>
                                      -23-


with any and all other Securities of that series duly issued hereunder.

     The provisions of this section are exclusive and shall preclude (to the
extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or
payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.

SECTION 307. Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved.

     Interest on any Security which is payable, and is punctually paid or duly
provided for, on any Interest Payment Date shall be paid to the Person in whose
name that Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the
close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest.

     Any interest on any Security of any series which is payable, but is not
punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date (herein
called "Defaulted Interest") shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder
on the relevant Regular Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder, and
such Defaulted Interest may be paid by the Company, at its election in each
case, as provided in clause (1) or (2) below:

          (1) The Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted Interest to
     the Persons in whose names the Securities of such series (or their
     respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business
     on a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which
     shall be fixed in the following manner. The Company shall notify the
     Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid
     on each Security of such series and the date of the proposed payment, and
     at the same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of
     money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such
     Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee
     for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when
     deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to
     such Defaulted Interest as in this clause provided. Thereupon the Trustee
     shall fix a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest
     which shall be not more than 15 days and not less than 10 days prior to the
     date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the receipt by
     the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall
     promptly notify the Company of such Special Record Date and, in the name
     and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed
     payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor to
     be mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each Holder of Securities of
     such series at his address as


<PAGE>
                                      -24-


     it appears in the Security Register, not less than 10 days prior to such
     Special Record Date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted
     Interest and the Special Record Date therefor having been so mailed, such
     Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names the
     Securities of such series (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are
     registered at the close of business on such Special Record Date and shall
     no longer be payable pursuant to the following clause (2).

          (2) The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on the
     Securities of any series in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with
     the requirements of any securities exchange on which such Securities may be
     listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after
     notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant
     to this clause, such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by the
     Trustee.

     Subject to the foregoing provisions of this section, each Security lawfully
delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or in exchange
for or in lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to interest accrued
and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other Security.

SECTION 308. Persons Deemed Owners.

     Subject to Section 203, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the
Company or the Trustee may treat the Person in whose name such Security is
registered as the owner of such Security for the purpose of receiving payment of
principal of (and premium, if any) and (subject to Section 307) interest on such
Security and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Security be
overdue, and none of the Company, the Trustee or any agent of the Company or the
Trustee shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

SECTION 309. Cancellation.

     All Securities surrendered for payment, redemption, registration of
transfer or exchange or for credit against any sinking fund payment shall, if
surrendered to any Person other than the Trustee, be delivered to the Trustee
and shall be promptly cancelled by it. The Company may at any time deliver to
the Trustee for cancellation any Securities previously authenticated and
delivered hereunder which the Company may have acquired in any manner
whatsoever, and all Securities so delivered shall be promptly cancelled by the
Trustee. No Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in exchange for any
Securities cancelled as provided in this section, except as expressly permitted
by this Indenture. The Trustee shall destroy cancelled Securi-


<PAGE>
                                      -25-


ties and deliver a certificate of such destruction to the Company.

SECTION 310. Computation of Interest.

     Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for the
Securities of any series, interest on the Securities of each series shall be
computed on the basis of a year of 12 30-day months.


                                  ARTICLE FOUR

                           SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE


SECTION 401. Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.

     This Indenture shall upon Company Request cease to be of further effect
with respect to any series of Securities (except as to (i) any surviving rights
of registration of transfer or exchange of Securities herein expressly provided
for, (ii) rights hereunder of Holders to receive payments of principal of, and
premium, if any, and interest on, Securities, and other rights, duties and
obligations of the Holders as beneficiaries hereof with respect to the amounts,
if any, so deposited with the Trustee, (iii) remaining obligations of the
Company to make mandatory sinking fund payments and (iv) the rights, obligations
and immunities of the Trustee hereunder), and the Trustee, at the expense of the
Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and
discharge of this Indenture with respect to any series of Securities, when

     (1) either

               (A) all Securities of such series theretofore authenticated and
          delivered (other than (i) Securities of such series which have been
          mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen and which have been replaced or
          paid as provided in Section 306 and (ii) Securities of such series for
          whose payment money has theretofore been deposited in trust or
          segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereafter repaid to
          the Company or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section
          1003) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or

               (B) all such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee
          for cancellation

                    (i) have become due and payable, or


<PAGE>
                                      -26-


                    (ii) will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity
               within one year, or (iii) are to be called for redemption within
               one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the
               giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at
               the expense, of the Company,

          and the Company, in the case of (i), (ii) or (iii) above, has
          deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in
          trust for the purpose an amount in cash sufficient to pay and
          discharge the entire indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore
          delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, for principal (and premium,
          if any) and interest to the date of such deposit (in the case of
          Securities which have become due and payable) or to the Stated
          Maturity or Redemption Date, as the case may be;

     (2) if all series of Securities are being discharged, the Company has paid
or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company; and

     (3) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and
an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein
provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture have
been complied with.

     Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the
obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 607, and, if money shall
have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Subclause (B) of clause (1) of
this section, the obligations of the Trustee under Section 402 and the last
paragraph of Section 1003, shall survive.

SECTION 402. Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification.

     (a) Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 1003, all
money deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 401, all money and U.S.
Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 403 or 404
and all money received by the Trustee in respect of U.S. Government Obligations
deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 403 or 404 shall be held in trust
and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and this
Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent
(including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may
determine, to the Persons entitled thereto, of the principal (and premium, if

<PAGE>
                                      -27-


any) and interest for whose payment such money has been deposited with or
received by the Trustee or to make mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous
payments as contemplated by Section 403 or 404, but such money need not be
segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.

     (b) The Company shall pay and shall indemnify the Trustee against any tax,
fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against U.S. Government Obligations
deposited pursuant to Section 403 or 404, or the interest and principal received
in respect of such obligations other than any payable by or on behalf of
Holders.

     (c) The Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon
Company Request any U.S. Government Obligations or money held by it as provided
in Section 403 or 404 which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of
independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof
delivered to the Trustee, are then in excess of the amount thereof which then
would have been required to be deposited for the purpose for which such
obligations or money were deposited or received.

SECTION 403. Defeasance and Discharge of Indenture.

     The Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire
indebtedness on all the Outstanding Securities on the 91st day after the date of
the deposit referred to in subparagraph (d) of this section, and the provisions
of this Indenture, as it relates to such Outstanding Securities, shall no longer
be in effect (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall at Company
Request, execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), except as to:

          (a) the rights of Holders of Securities to receive, from the trust
     funds described in subparagraph (d) hereof, (i) payment of the principal of
     (and premium, if any) and each installment of principal of (and premium, if
     any) or interest on the Outstanding Securities on the Stated Maturity of
     such principal or installment of principal or interest and (ii) the benefit
     of any mandatory sinking fund payments applicable to the Securities on the
     day on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms
     of this Indenture and the Securities;

          (b) the Company's obligations with respect to such Securities under
     Sections 305, 306, 1002 and 1003; and

          (c) the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 607,


<PAGE>
                                      -28-


provided that, the following conditions shall have been satisfied:

          (d) the Company has or caused to be irrevocably deposited (except as
     provided in Section 402) with the Trustee as trust funds in trust,
     specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit
     of the Holders of the Securities, (i) money in an amount, or (ii) U.S.
     Government Obligations which through the payment of interest and principal
     in respect thereof in accordance with their terms will provide not later
     than one day before the due date of any payment referred to in clause (A)
     or (B) of this subparagraph money in an amount, or (iii) a combination
     thereof, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of
     independent certified public accountants expressed in a written
     certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge (A)
     the principal of (and premium, if any) and each installment of principal of
     (and premium, if any) and interest on the Outstanding Securities on the
     Stated Maturity of such principal or installment of principal or interest
     or on the applicable Redemption Date and (B) any mandatory sinking fund
     payments applicable to the Securities on the day on which such payments are
     due and payable in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and of the
     Securities;

          (e) such deposit shall not cause the Trustee with respect to the
     Securities to have a conflicting interest for purposes of the Trust
     Indenture Act with respect to the Securities;

          (f) such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or
     constitute a default under, any applicable laws, this Indenture or any
     other agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which
     it is bound;

          (g) no Event of Default or event which with notice or lapse of time
     would become an Event of Default with respect to the Securities shall have
     occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit or during the period
     ending on the 91st day after such date;

          (h) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate
     and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that the Company has received from,
     or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling to
     the effect that Holders of the Securities will not recognize income, gain
     or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit,
     defeasance and discharge and will be subject to Federal income tax on the
     same amount and in the same manner and at the same times, as would have
     been the


<PAGE>
                                      -29-


     case if such deposit, defeasance and discharge had not occurred.

SECTION 404. Defeasance of Certain Obligations.

     If this section is specified to be applicable to Securities of any series,
the Company may omit to comply with any term, provision or condition set forth
in the sections of this Indenture or such Security with respect to the
Securities of that series if

          (1) with reference to this section, the Company has deposited or
     caused to be irrevocably deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in
     trust, specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to, the
     benefit of the Holders of the Securities of that series, (i) money in an
     amount, or (ii) U.S. Government Obligations which through the payment of
     interest and principal in respect thereof in accordance with their terms
     will provide not later than one day before the due date of any payment
     referred to in clause (A) or (B) of this subparagraph money in an amount,
     or (iii) a combination thereof, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally
     recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written
     certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge (A)
     the principal of (and premium, if any) and each installment of principal
     (and premium, if any) and interest on the Outstanding Securities of that
     series on the Stated Maturity of such principal or installment of principal
     or interest and (B) any mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous
     payments applicable to Securities of such series on the day on which such
     payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of the Indenture
     and of such Securities;

          (2) such deposit shall not cause the Trustee with respect to the
     Securities of that series to have a conflicting interest for purposes of
     the Trust Indenture Act with respect to the Securities of any series;

          (3) such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or
     constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or
     instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound;

          (4) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate
     and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that the Company has received from,
     or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling to
     the effect that Holders of the Securities of such series will not recognize
     income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such
     deposit and defeasance of certain


<PAGE>
                                      -30-


     obligations and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amount
     and in the same manner and at the same times, as would have been the case
     if such deposit and defeasance had not occurred; and

          (5) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate
     and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent
     herein provided for relating to the defeasance contemplated by this section
     have been complied with.


                                  ARTICLE FIVE

                                    REMEDIES


SECTION 501. Events of Default.

     "Event of Default" (except as otherwise specified or contemplated by
Section 301 for Securities of any series) wherever used herein with respect to
Securities of any series, means any one of the following events:

          (1) default in the payment of any interest upon any Security of that
     series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default for
     a period of 30 days; or

          (2) default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any,
     on) any Security of that series at its Maturity; or

          (3) default in the deposit of any sinking fund payment, when and as
     due by the terms of a Security of that series; or

          (4) default in the performance, or breach, of any material covenant or
     warranty of the Company in this Indenture (other than a covenant or
     warranty a default in whose performance or whose breach is elsewhere in
     this section specifically dealt with or which has expressly been included
     in this Indenture solely for the benefit of series of Securities other than
     that series) for a period of 60 days after there has been given, and
     continuance of such by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the
     Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in
     principal amount of the Outstanding Securities a written notice specifying
     such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that
     such notice is a "Notice of Default" hereunder; or


<PAGE>
                                      -31-


          (5) a default under any bond, debenture, note or other evidence of
     indebtedness of the Company for money borrowed (including a default with
     respect to Securities of any series other than that series) or under any
     mortgage, indenture or instrument under which there may be issued or by
     which there may be secured or evidenced any indebtedness of the Company for
     money borrowed (including this Indenture), whether such indebtedness now
     exists or shall hereafter be created, which default shall constitute a
     failure to pay an aggregate principal amount exceeding $10,000,000 of such
     indebtedness when due and payable after the expiration of any applicable
     grace period with respect thereto and shall have resulted in such
     indebtedness in an aggregate principal amount exceeding $10,000,000
     becoming or being declared due and payable prior to the date on which it
     would otherwise have become due and payable, without such indebtedness
     having been discharged, or such acceleration having been rescinded or
     annulled, within a period of 30 days after there shall have been given, by
     registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the
     Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount
     of the Outstanding Securities a written notice specifying such default and
     requiring the Company to cause such indebtedness to be discharged or cause
     such acceleration to be rescinded or annulled and stating that such notice
     is a "Notice of Default" hereunder; provided, however, that if such Event
     of Default under such bond, debenture, note, mortgage, indenture or other
     instrument or evidence of indebtedness shall be remedied or cured by the
     Company or waived pursuant to such agreement or instrument, then, unless
     the maturity of the Securities shall have been accelerated as provided
     herein, the Event of Default hereunder by reason thereof shall be deemed
     likewise to have been thereupon remedied, cured or waived without further
     action upon the part of either the Trustee or the Holders. Subject to the
     provisions of Sections 601 and 602, the Trustee shall not be deemed to have
     knowledge of such default unless either (A) a Responsible Officer of the
     Trustee assigned to its Corporate Trust Department shall have actual
     knowledge of such default or (B) such Responsible Officer shall have
     received written notice thereof from the Company, from any Holder, from the
     holder of any such indebtedness or from the trustee under any such
     mortgage, indenture or other instrument; or

          (6) the entry by a court having jurisdiction in the premises of (A) a
     decree or order for relief in respect of the Company in an involuntary case
     or proceeding under any applicable United States or Canadian Federal, State
     or Provincial bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law
     or (B) a decree or order adjudging the Company a bankrupt or insolvent, or
     approving as properly filed a pe-


<PAGE>
                                      -32-


     tition seeking reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition of or
     in respect of the Company under any applicable United States or Canadian
     Federal, State or Provincial law, or appointing a custodian, receiver,
     liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator or other similar official of
     the Company or of any substantial part of its property, or ordering the
     winding up or liquidation of its affairs, and the continuance of any such
     decree or order for relief or any such other decree or order unstayed and
     in effect for a period of 60 consecutive days; or

          (7) the commencement by the Company of a voluntary case or proceeding
     under any applicable United States or Canadian Federal, State or Provincial
     bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or of any other
     case or proceeding to be adjudicated a bankrupt or insolvent, or the
     consent by it to the entry of a decree or order for relief in respect of
     the Company in an involuntary case or proceeding under any applicable
     United States or Canadian Federal, State or Provincial bankruptcy,
     insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or to the commencement of
     any bankruptcy or insolvency case or proceeding against it, or the filing
     by it of a petition or answer or consent seeking reorganization or relief
     under any applicable United States or Canadian Federal, State or Provincial
     law, or the consent by it to the filing of such petition or to the
     appointment of or taking possession by a custodian, receiver, liquidator,
     assignee, trustee, sequestrator or similar official of the Company or of
     any substantial part of its property, or the making by it of an assignment
     for the benefit of creditors, or the admission by it in writing of its
     inability to pay its debts generally as they become due and its willingness
     to have a case commenced against it or to seek an order for relief under
     any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law or the taking of
     corporate action by the Company in furtherance of any such action; or

          (8) any other Event of Default provided with respect to Securities of
     that series.

SECTION 502. Acceleration of Maturity: Rescission and Annulment.

     If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series at the time
Outstanding occurs and is continuing, then in every such case the Trustee or the
Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities
of that series may declare the principal amount (or, if the Securities of that
series are Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion of the principal
amount as may be specified in the terms of that series) of all of the Securities
of that series to be due and


<PAGE>
                                      -33-


payable immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee
if given by Holders), and upon any such declaration such principal amount (or
specified amount) shall become immediately due and payable.

     At any time after such a declaration of acceleration with respect to
Securities of any series has been made and before a judgment or decree for
payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this
article provided, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of that series, by written notice to the Company and the
Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if

          (1) the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum
     sufficient to pay

               (A) all overdue interest on all Securities of that series,

               (B) the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any Securities of
          that series which have become due otherwise than by such declaration
          of acceleration and interest thereon at the rate or rates prescribed
          therefor in such Securities,

               (C) to the extent that payment of such interest is lawful,
          interest upon overdue interest at the rate or rates prescribed
          therefor in such Securities, and

               (D) all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee and any predecessor
          Trustee hereunder and all sums due the Trustee and any predecessor
          Trustee under Section 607;

     and

          (2) all Events of Default with respect to Securities of that series,
     other than the non-payment of the principal of Securities of that series
     which have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been
     cured or waived as provided in Section 513.

No such rescission shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right
consequent thereon.

SECTION 503. Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee.

     The Company covenants that if


<PAGE>
                                      -34-


          (1) default is made in the payment of any interest on any Security
     when such interest becomes due and payable and such default continues for a
     period of 30 days, or

          (2) default is made in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if
     any, on) any Security at the Maturity thereof,

the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of the
Holders of such Securities, the whole amount then due and payable on such
Securities for principal (and premium, if any) and interest and, to the extent
that payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, interest on any
overdue principal (and premium, if any) and on any overdue interest, at the rate
or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities, and, in addition thereto, such
further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of
collection, including all amounts due the Trustee and any predecessor Trustee
under Section 607.

     If the Company fails to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the
Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may institute a
judicial proceeding for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, may
prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree and may enforce the same
against the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities and collect the
moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable in the manner provided by law out of
the property of the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities, wherever
situated.

     If any Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series occurs and
is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce
its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series by such
appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to
protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any
covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power
granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.

SECTION 504. Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.

     In case of the pendency of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation,
bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other
judicial proceeding relative to the Company or any other obligor upon the
Securities or the property of the Company or of such other obligor or their
creditors, the Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal of the Securities
shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or
otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand on
the Company for the payment of


<PAGE>
                                      -35-


overdue principal or interest) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention
in such proceeding or otherwise,

          (i) to file and prove a claim for the whole amount of principal (and
     premium, if any) and interest owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities
     and to file such other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable
     in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the
     reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the
     Trustee, its agents and counsel) and of the Holders allowed in such
     judicial proceeding, and

          (ii) to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or
     deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same;

and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or
other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by
each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the
Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to
pay to the Trustee any amount due it for the reasonable compensation, expenses,
disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other
amounts due the Trustee under Section 607.

     Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to
authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of
reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities
or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in
respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding.

SECTION 505. Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities.

     All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Securities may
be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the
Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any
such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as
trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision
for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and
advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of
the Holders of the Securities in respect of which such judgment has been
recovered.

SECTION 506. Application of Money Collected.

     Any money collected by the Trustee pursuant to this article shall be
applied in the following order, at the date or


<PAGE>
                                      -36-


dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such money on
account of principal (or premium, if any) or interest, upon presentation of the
Securities and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and
upon surrender thereof if fully paid:

          FIRST: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee and each
     predecessor Trustee under Section 607;

          SECOND: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid for
     principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities in
     respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected
     ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the
     amounts due and payable on such Securities for principal (and premium, if
     any) and interest, respectively; and

          THIRD: To the Company.

SECTION 507. Limitation on Suits.

     No Holder of any Security of any series shall have any right to institute
any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for
the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder,
unless

          (1) such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of
     a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of that
     series;

          (2) the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the
     Outstanding Securities of that series shall have made written request to
     the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in
     its own name as Trustee hereunder;

          (3) such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee reasonable
     indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in
     compliance with such request;

          (4) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request
     and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and

          (5) no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given
     to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority in
     principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series;

it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall have
any right in any manner whatever by virtue of,


<PAGE>
                                      -37-


or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or
prejudice the rights of any other of such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to
obtain priority or preference over any other of such Holders or to enforce any
right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the
equal and ratable benefit of all such Holders.

SECTION 508. Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium and
             Interest.

     Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any
Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive
payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and (subject to Section 307)
interest on such Security on the Stated Maturity or Maturities expressed in such
Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the Redemption Date) and to
institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and such rights shall
not be impaired without the consent of such Holder.

SECTION 509. Restoration of Rights and Remedies.

     If the Trustee or any Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce any
right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued
or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or
to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in
such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored
severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder and thereafter
all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though
no such proceeding had been instituted.

SECTION 510. Rights and Remedies Cumulative.

     Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment of
mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in the last paragraph of Section
306, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to
the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every
right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in
addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter
existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any
right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent
assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.

SECTION 511. Delay or Omission Not Waiver.

     No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Securities to
exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any


<PAGE>
                                      -38-


Event of Default shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of
any such Event of Default or any acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy
given by this article or by law to the Trustee or to the Holders may be
exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the
Trustee or by the Holders, as the case may be.

SECTION 512. Control by Holders.

     The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities
of any series shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of
conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising
any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect to the Securities of
such series, provided that

          (1) such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or
     with this Indenture, expose the Trustee to personal liability or be unduly
     prejudicial to holders not joining therein, and

          (2) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee
     which is not inconsistent with such direction.

     Nothing in this Indenture shall impair the right of the Trustee to take any
other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such
direction.

SECTION 513. Waiver of Past Defaults.

     The Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of any series may on behalf of the Holders of all the
Securities of such series waive any past default hereunder with respect to such
series and its consequences, except a default

          (1) in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or
     interest on any Security of such series, or

          (2) in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which under Article
     Nine cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the Holder of
     each Outstanding Security of such series affected.

     Upon any such waiver, such default shall cease to exist, and any Event of
Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose
of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other
default or impair any right consequent thereon.


<PAGE>
                                      -39-


SECTION 514. Undertaking for Costs.

     All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security by his
acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its
discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under
this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken,
suffered or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such
suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in
its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys' fees,
against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and
good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the
provisions of this section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the
Company, to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any
Holder, or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 10% in principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series, or to any suit instituted by
any Holder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or premium,
if any) or interest on any Securities on or after the Stated Maturity or
Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on or
after the Redemption Date).

SECTION 515. Waiver of Stay or Extension Laws.

     The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it
will not at any time insist upon, or plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or
take the benefit or advantage of, any stay or extension law wherever enacted,
now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the
performance of this Indenture; and the Company (to the extent that it may
lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law
and covenants that it will not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any
power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of
every such power as though no such law had been enacted.


                                   ARTICLE SIX

                                   THE TRUSTEE


SECTION 601. Certain Duties and Responsibilities.

          (a) Except during the continuance of an Event of Default with respect
     to the Securities of any series,

               (1) the Trustee undertakes to perform such duties and only such
          duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture with respect to
          such series, and no implied cove-


<PAGE>
                                      -40-


          nants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the
          Trustee; and

               (2) in the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may
          conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the
          correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon certificates or
          opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements
          of this Indenture; but in the case of any such certificates or
          opinions which by any provision hereof are specifically required to be
          furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to examine
          the same to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements
          of this Indenture.

          (b) In case an Event of Default has occurred with respect to
     Securities of any series and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise such
     of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture with respect to
     such series of Securities, and use the same degree of care and skill in
     their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under the
     circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs.

          (c) No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the
     Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent
     failure to act, or its own wilful misconduct, except that

               (1) this subsection shall not be construed to limit the effect of
          Subsection (a) of this section;

               (2) the Trustee shall not be liable for any error or judgment
          made in good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it shall be proved
          that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts;

               (3) the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action
          taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with
          the direction of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the
          Outstanding Securities of any series, determined as provided in
          Section 512, relating to the time, method and place of conducting any
          proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any
          trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture with
          respect to the Securities of such series; and

               (4) no provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to
          expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial
          liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder, or in the
          exercise of any of its rights or powers, if it shall have reasonable
          grounds for believing


<PAGE>
                                      -41-


          that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such risk
          or liability is not reasonably assured to it.

          (d) Whether or not therein expressly so provided, every provision of
     this Indenture relating to the conduct or affecting the liability of or
     affording protection to the Trustee shall be subject to the provisions of
     this section.

SECTION 602. Notice of Defaults.

     Within 90 days after the occurrence of any default hereunder with respect
to the Securities of any series, the Trustee shall transmit by mail to all
Holders of Securities of such series, as their names and addresses appear in the
Security Register, notice of such default hereunder known to the Trustee, unless
such default shall have been cured or waived; provided, however, that, except in
the case of a default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or
interest on any Security of such series or in the payment of any sinking fund
installment with respect to Securities of such series, the Trustee shall be
protected in withholding such notice if and so long as the board of directors,
the executive committee or a trust committee of directors or Responsible
Officers of the Trustee in good faith determines that the withholding of such
notice is in the interest of the Holders of Securities of such series; and
provided, further, that in the case of any default of the character specified in
Section 501(4) with respect to Securities of such series, no such notice to
Holders shall be given until at least 30 days after the occurrence thereof. For
the purpose of this section, the term "default" means any event which is, or
after notice or lapse of time or both would become, an Event of Default with
respect to Securities of such series.

SECTION 603. Certain Rights of Trustee.

     Subject to the provisions of Section 601:

          (a) the Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting or
     refraining from acting upon any Board Resolution, resolution, Officers'
     Certificate, certificate, statement, instrument, Opinion of Counsel,
     opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond,
     debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document
     believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the
     proper party or parties;

          (b) any request or direction of the Company mentioned herein shall be
     sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or Company Order and any
     resolution of the Board of Directors may be sufficiently evidenced by a
     Board Resolution;


<PAGE>
                                      -42-


          (c) whenever in the administration of this Indenture the Trustee shall
     deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking,
     suffering or omitting any action hereunder, the Trustee (unless other
     evidence be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of bad
     faith on its part, rely upon an Officers' Certificate;

          (d) the Trustee may consult with counsel and the advice of such
     counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization
     and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it
     hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon;

          (e) the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the
     rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction
     of any of the Holders pursuant to this Indenture, unless such Holders shall
     have offered to the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity against the
     costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance
     with such request or direction;

          (f) the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the
     facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement,
     instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order,
     bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or
     document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry
     or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit, and, if the
     Trustee shall determine to make such further inquiry or investigation, it
     shall be entitled to examine the books, records and premises of the
     Company, personally or by agent or attorney; and

          (g) the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or
     perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or
     attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or
     negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with due care by
     it hereunder.

SECTION 604. Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities.

     The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except the Trustee's
certificates of authentication, shall be taken as the statements of the Company,
and the Trustee assumes no responsibility for their correctness. The Trustee
makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or
of the Securities. The Trustee shall not be accountable for the use or
application by the Company of Securities or the proceeds thereof.


<PAGE>
                                      -43-


SECTION 605. May Hold Securities.

     The Trustee, any Paying Agent, any Security Registrar or any other agent of
the Company, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or
pledgee of Securities and, subject to Sections 608 and 612, may otherwise deal
with, and collect obligations owed to it by, the Company with the same rights it
would have if it were not Trustee, Paying Agent, Security Registrar or such
other agent.

SECTION 606. Money Held in Trust.

     Money held by the Trustee in trust hereunder need not be segregated from
other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be under no
liability for interest on any money received by it hereunder except as otherwise
agreed with the Company.

SECTION 607. Compensation and Reimbursement.

     The Company agrees

          (1) to pay to the Trustee from time to time reasonable compensation
     for all services rendered by it hereunder (which compensation shall not be
     limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee
     of an express trust);

          (2) except as otherwise expressly provided herein, to reimburse each
     of the Trustee and any predecessor Trustee upon its request for all
     reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by it in
     accordance with any provision of this Indenture (including the reasonable
     compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its agents and counsel),
     except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may be attributable to
     its own negligence or bad faith; and

          (3) to indemnify each of the Trustee and any predecessor Trustee for,
     and to hold it harmless against, any loss, liability or expense, arising
     out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of the trust
     or trusts hereunder and the performance of its duties hereunder, including
     the costs and expenses of defending itself against any claim or liability
     in connection with the exercise or performance of any of its powers or
     duties hereunder, except to the extent any such loss, liability or expense
     is due to its own negligence or bad faith.

     To ensure the performance of the obligations of the Company under this
section, the Trustee shall have a senior claim


<PAGE>
                                      -44-


to which the Securities are hereby made subordinate upon all property and funds
held or collected by the Trustee as such, except property and funds held in
trust for the payment of principal of, premium, if any, or interest on
particular Securities.

SECTION 608. Disqualification; Conflicting Interests.

     The Trustee shall comply with the terms of Section 310(b) of the Trust
Indenture Act.

SECTION 609. Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility.

     There shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder which shall be a
corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of
America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia, authorized under such
laws to exercise corporate trust powers having a combined capital and surplus of
at least $50,000,000 subject to supervision or examination by Federal or State
authority. If such corporation publishes reports of condition at least annually,
pursuant to law or the requirements of said supervising or examining authority,
then for the purposes of this section, the combined capital and surplus of such
corporation shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth
in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time the Trustee
shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this section, it
shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect hereinafter specified
in this article.

SECTION 610. Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor.

     (a) No resignation or removal of the Trustee and no appointment of a
successor Trustee pursuant to this article shall become effective until the
acceptance of appointment by the successor Trustee in accordance with the
applicable requirements of Section 611.

     (b) The Trustee may resign at any time with respect to the Securities of
one or more series by giving written notice thereof to the Company. If the
instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee required by Section 611 shall
not have been delivered to the Trustee within 30 days after the giving of such
notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent
jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the
Securities of such series. If the acceptance of appointment is substantially
contemporaneous with the resignation, then the notice called for by the first
sentence of this subsection may be combined with the instrument called for by
Section 611.


<PAGE>
                                      -45-


     (c) The Trustee may be removed at any time with respect to the Securities
of any series by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of such series delivered to the Trustee and to the
Company.

     (d) If at any time:

          (1) the Trustee shall fail to comply with Section 608 after written
     request therefor by the Company or by any Holder who has been a bona fide
     Holder of a Security for at least six months, or

          (2) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section 609 and shall
     fail to resign after written request therefor by the Company or by any such
     Holder, or

          (3) the Trustee shall become incapable of acting or shall be adjudged
     a bankrupt or insolvent or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property
     shall be appointed or any public officer shall take charge or control of
     the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of
     rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation,

then, in any such case, (i) the Company by a Board Resolution may remove the
Trustee with respect to all Securities, or (ii) subject to Section 514, any
Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months
may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court
of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee with respect to all
Securities and the appointment of a successor Trustee or Trustees.

     (e) If the Trustee shall resign, be removed or become incapable of acting,
or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of Trustee for any cause, with respect
to the Securities of one or more series, the Company, by a Board Resolution,
shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee or Trustees with respect to the
Securities of that or those series (it being understood that any such successor
Trustee may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more or all of
such series and that at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to
the Securities of any particular series) and shall comply with the applicable
requirements of Section 611. If, within one year after such resignation, removal
or incapability, or the occurrence of such vacancy, a successor Trustee with
respect to the Securities of any series shall be appointed by Act of the Holders
of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series
delivered to the Company and the retiring Trustee, the successor Trustee so
appointed shall, forthwith upon its acceptance of such appointment in accordance
with the applicable requirements of Section 611, become the successor Trustee
with respect to the Securities


<PAGE>
                                      -46-


of such series and to that extent supersede the successor appointed by the
Company. If no successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series
shall have been so appointed by the Company or the Holders and accepted
appointment in the manner required by Section 611, any Holder who has been a
bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at least six months may, on
behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of
competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect
to the Securities of such series.

     (f) The Company shall give notice of each resignation and each removal of
the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series and each appointment of
a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series by mailing
written notice of such event by first-class mail, postage prepaid, to all
Holders of Securities of such series as their names and addresses appear in the
Security Register. Each notice shall include the name of the successor Trustee
with respect to the Securities of such series and the address of its Corporate
Trust Office.

SECTION 611. Acceptance of Appointment by Successor.

     (a) In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with
respect to all Securities, every such successor Trustee so appointed shall
execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an
instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal
of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor Trustee,
without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the
rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request
of the Company or the successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon
payment of its charges, execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such
successor Trustee all the rights, powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee and
shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property
and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder.

     (b) In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with
respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the
retiring Trustee and each successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of
one or more series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto
wherein each successor Trustee shall accept such appointment and which (1) shall
contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and
confirm to, and to vest in, each successor Trustee all the rights, powers,
trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that
or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, (2)
if the retiring Trustee is not retiring with respect to all Securities, shall
contain such provisions as shall be


<PAGE>
                                      -47-


deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and
duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those
series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be
vested in the retiring Trustee, and (3) shall add to or change any of the
provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate
the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being
understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall
constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust and that each such
Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from
any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee; and upon
the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture the resignation or
removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided
therein and each such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or
conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties
of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series
to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates; but, on request of
the Company or any successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall duly assign,
transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by
such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of that or those
series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates.

     (c) Upon request of any such successor Trustee, the Company shall execute
any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming
to such successor Trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred to in
paragraph (a) or (b) of this section, as the case may be.

     (d) No successor Trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time of
such acceptance such successor Trustee shall be qualified and eligible under
this article.

SECTION 612. Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business.

     Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with
which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger,
conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any
corporation succeeding to all or substantially all the corporate trust business
of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided such
corporation shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under this article,
without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of
any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated,
but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger,
conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may


<PAGE>
                                      -48-


adopt such authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the
same effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such
Securities.

SECTION 613. Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company.

     If and when the Trustee shall be or become a creditor of the Company (or
any other obligor upon the Securities), the Trustee shall be subject to the
provisions of the Trust Indenture Act regarding the collection of claims against
the Company (or any such other obligor). A trustee who has resigned or been
removed shall be subject to the Trust Indenture Act Section 311(a) to the extent
provided therein.


                                  ARTICLE SEVEN

                HOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY


SECTION 701. Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders.

     The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee with
respect to the Securities of each series

          (a) semi-annually, not more than fifteen days after each Regular
     Record Date, or, in the case of any series of Securities on which
     semi-annual interest is not payable, not more than fifteen days after such
     semi-annual dates as may be specified by the Trustee, a list, in such form
     as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the
     Holders as of such Regular Record Date or such semi-annual date, as the
     case may be, and

          (b) at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, within
     30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of
     similar form and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the
     time such list is furnished;

provided, however, that so long as the Trustee is the Security Registrar, no
such list need be furnished.

SECTION 702. Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders.

     (a) The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably
practicable, the names and addresses of Holders contained in the most recent
list furnished to the Trustee as provided in Section 701 and the names and
addresses of Holders


<PAGE>
                                      -49-


received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security Registrar. The Trustee may
destroy any list furnished to it as provided in Section 701 upon receipt of a
new list so furnished.

     (b) If three or more Holders (herein referred to as "applicants") apply in
writing to the Trustee, and furnish to the Trustee reasonable proof that each
such applicant has owned a Security for a period of at least six months
preceding the date of such application, and such application states that the
applicants' desire to communicate with other Holders with respect to their
rights under this Indenture or under the Securities and is accompanied by a copy
of the form of proxy or other communication which such applicants propose to
transmit, then the Trustee shall, within five Business Days after the receipt of
such application, at its election, either

          (i) afford such applicants access to the information preserved at the
     time by the Trustee in accordance with Section 702(a), or

          (ii) inform such applicants as to the approximate number of Holders
     whose names and addresses appear in the information preserved at the time
     by the Trustee in accordance with Section 702(a), and as to the approximate
     cost of mailing to such Holders the form of proxy or other communication,
     if any, specified in such application.

     If the Trustee shall elect not to afford such applicants access to such
information, the Trustee shall, upon the written request of such applicants,
mail to each Holder whose name and address appear in the information preserved
at the time by the Trustee in accordance with Section 702(a) a copy of the form
of proxy or other communication which is specified in such request, with
reasonable promptness after a tender to the Trustee of the material to be mailed
and of payment, or provision for the payment, of the reasonable expenses of
mailing, unless within five days after such tender the Trustee shall mail to
such applicants and file with the Commission, together with a copy of the
material to be mailed, a written statement to the effect that, in the opinion of
the Trustee, such mailing would be contrary to the best interest of the Holders
or would be in violation of applicable law. Such written statement shall specify
the basis of such opinion. If the Commission, after opportunity for a hearing
upon the objections specified in the written statement so filed, shall enter an
order refusing to sustain any of such objections or if, after the entry of an
order sustaining one or more of such objections, the Commission shall find,
after notice and opportunity for hearing, that all the objections so sustained
have been met and shall enter an order so declaring, the Trustee shall mail
copies of such material to all such Holders with reasonable promptness after the
entry of such order and the renewal of such


<PAGE>
                                      -50-


tender; otherwise the Trustee shall be relieved of any obligation or duty to
such applicants respecting their application.

     (c) Every Holder of Securities, by receiving and holding the same, agrees
with the Company and the Trustee that neither the Company nor the Trustee nor
any agent of either of them shall be held accountable by reason of the
disclosure of any such information as to the names and addresses of the Holders
in accordance with Section 702(b), regardless of the source from which such
information was derived, and that the Trustee shall not be held accountable by
reason of mailing any material pursuant to a request made under Section 702(b).

     (d) Subject to Sections 702(a), 702(b), 702(c) and 601, if the Company or
any other person (other than the Trustee) shall desire to communicate with
Holders of Securities to solicit or obtain from them any proxy, consent,
authorization, waiver, approval of a plan of reorganization, arrangement or
readjustment or other action ("Holder Action"), the Trustee shall have no duty
to participate in such communication or solicitation or the processing of
responses in any manner except (i) to furnish the rules and regulations and to
perform the functions referred to in Section 104 and (ii) to receive (A) the
instruments evidencing the Holder Action together with (B) the Officers'
Certificate and Opinion of Counsel referred to below. The Company hereby
covenants that any and all communications and solicitations distributed by it in
connection with any Holder Action will comply in all material respects with
applicable law, including without limitation applicable law concerning adequacy
of disclosure. The Trustee shall have no responsibility for the accuracy or
completeness of any materials circulated to solicit any Holder Action nor for
any related communications nor for the compliance thereof with applicable law.
No Holder Action shall become effective until the Trustee shall have received
from the Company or other person who solicited the Holder Action (1) the
instruments evidencing such Holder Action (2) (x) (in the case of Holder Action
solicited by the Company or the representative of the Company's estate if the
Company is the debtor in any bankruptcy or other insolvency proceeding) an
Officers' Certificate and (y) (in all cases) an Opinion of Counsel, each
specifying the Holder Action taken and stating that such Holder Action has been
duly and validly taken in compliance with this Indenture in all material
respects. Such Officers' Certificate, if any, shall also certify that (after
giving effect to such Holder Action) no Event of Default or event or condition
which, with notice or lapse of time or both, would become an Event of Default
has occurred and is continuing or has not been waived.

     (e) The Depositary may grant proxies and otherwise authorize its
participants which own the Global Securities to give or take any Act which a
Holder is entitled to take under the


<PAGE>
                                      -51-


Indenture; provided, however, that the Depositary has delivered a list of such
participants to the Trustee.

SECTION 703. Reports by Trustee.

     (a) Within 60 days after May 15 of each year commencing with the first May
15 following the date of this Indenture, the Trustee shall transmit by mail to
all Holders, as their names and addresses appear in the Security Register, a
brief report dated as of such May 15, to the extent required by Section 313(a)
of the Trust Indenture Act.

     (b) The trustee shall comply with Sections 313(b) and 313(c) of the Trust
Indenture Act.

     (c) A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission to
Holders, be filed by the Trustee with the Commission and with the Company. The
Company will notify the Trustee when any Securities are listed on any stock
exchange.

SECTION 704. Reports by Company.

     The Company shall:

          (1) file with the Trustee, within 15 days after the Company is
     required to file the same with the Commission, copies of the annual reports
     and of the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such
     portions of any of the foregoing as the Commission may from time to time by
     rules and regulations prescribe) which the Company may be required to file
     with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the
     Securities Exchange Act of 1934; or, if the Company is not required to file
     information, documents or reports pursuant to either of said sections, then
     it shall file with the Trustee and the Commission, in accordance with rules
     and regulations prescribed from time to time by the Commission, such of the
     supplementary and periodic information, documents and reports which may be
     required pursuant to Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in
     respect of a security listed and registered on a national securities
     exchange as may be prescribed from time to time in such rules and
     regulations;

          (2) file with the Trustee and the Commission, in accordance with the
     rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the Commission, such
     additional information, documents and reports with respect to compliance by
     the Company with the conditions and covenants of this Indenture as may be
     required from time to time by such rules and regulations; and


<PAGE>
                                      -52-


          (3) transmit by mail to all Holders, as their names and addresses
     appear in the Security Register, within 30 days after the filing thereof
     with the Trustee, such summaries of any information, documents and reports
     required to be filed by the Company pursuant to paragraphs (1) and (2) of
     this section as may be required by rules and regulations prescribed from
     time to time by the Commission.


                                  ARTICLE EIGHT

              CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE


SECTION 801. Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms.

     The Company shall not consolidate with or merge into any other corporation
or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as an
entirety to any Person, and the Company shall not permit any Person to
consolidate with or merge into the Company or convey, transfer or lease its
properties and assets substantially as an entirety to the Company, unless:

          (1) in case the Company shall consolidate with or merge into another
     corporation or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets
     substantially as an entirety to any Person, the corporation formed by such
     consolidation or into which the Company is merged or the Person which
     acquires by conveyance or transfer, or which leases, the properties and
     assets of the Company substantially as an entirety shall be a corporation
     organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America or
     Canada, any State or Province thereof, as applicable, or the District of
     Columbia and shall expressly assume, by an indenture supplemental hereto,
     executed and delivered to the Trustee, in form satisfactory to the Trustee,
     the due and punctual payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and
     interest on all the Securities and the performance of every covenant of
     this Indenture on the part of the Company to be performed or observed;

          (2) immediately after giving effect to such transaction and treating
     any indebtedness which becomes an obligation of the Company or a Subsidiary
     as a result of such transaction as having been incurred by the Company or
     such Subsidiary at the time of such transaction, no Event of Default, and
     no event which, after notice or lapse of time or both, would become an
     Event of Default, shall have happened and be continuing; and


<PAGE>
                                      -53-


          (3) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate
     and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger,
     conveyance, transfer or lease and, if a supplemental indenture is required
     in connection with such transaction, such supplemental indenture comply
     with this article and that all conditions precedent herein provided for
     relating to such transaction have been complied with.

SECTION 802. Successor Corporation Substituted.

     Upon any consolidation by the Company with or merger by the Company into
any other corporation or any conveyance, transfer or lease of the properties and
assets of the Company substantially as an entirety in accordance with Section
801, the successor corporation formed by such consolidation or into which the
Company is merged or to which such conveyance, transfer or lease is made shall
succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of,
the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor
corporation has been named as the Company herein, and thereafter, except in the
case of a lease, the predecessor corporation shall be relieved of all
obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.

     Such successor corporation may cause to be signed, and may issue either in
its own name or in the name of the Company prior to such succession, any or all
of the Securities issuable hereunder which theretofore shall not have been
signed by the Company and delivered to the Trustee; and, upon the order of such
successor corporation instead of the Company and subject to all the terms,
conditions and limitations in this Indenture prescribed, the Trustee shall
authenticate and shall deliver any Securities which previously shall have been
signed and delivered by the officers of the Company to the Trustee for
authentication pursuant to such provisions and any Securities which such
successor corporation thereafter shall cause to be signed and delivered to the
Trustee on its behalf for that purpose pursuant to such provisions. All
Securities so issued in all respects have the same legal rank and benefit under
this Indenture as Securities theretofore or thereafter issued in accordance with
the terms of this Indenture as though all such Securities had been issued prior
to the date of such succession. In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale
or conveyance, such changes in phraseology and form may be made in the
Securities thereafter to be issued as may be appropriate.



<PAGE>
                                      -54-


                                  ARTICLE NINE

                             SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES


SECTION 901. Supplemental Indentures without Consent of Holders.

     Without the consent of any Holders, the Company, when authorized by a Board
Resolution, and the Trustee, at any time and from time to time, may enter into
one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in form satisfactory to the Trustee,
for any of the following purposes:

          (1) to evidence the succession of another corporation to the Company
     and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of the Company
     herein and in the Securities; or

          (2) to add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of the
     Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such covenants are to be
     for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such
     covenants are expressly being included solely for the benefit of such
     series) or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the
     Company; or

          (3) to add any additional Events of Default; or

          (4) to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture to
     such extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the issuance of
     Securities in bearer form, registrable or not registrable as to principal,
     and with or without interest coupons; or

          (5) to change or eliminate any of the provisions of this Indenture,
     provided that any such change or elimination shall become effective only
     when there is no Security Outstanding of any series created prior to the
     execution of such supplemental indenture which is entitled to the benefit
     of such provision; or

          (6) to secure the Securities; or

          (7) to establish the form or terms of Securities of any series as
     permitted by Sections 201 and 301; or

          (8) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment
     hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or
     more series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture
     as shall be neces-


<PAGE>
                                      -55-


     sary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts
     hereunder by more than one Trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Section
     611(b); or

          (9) to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any provision
     herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision
     herein, or to make any other provisions with respect to matters or
     questions arising under this Indenture, provided such other provisions
     shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of
     any series in any material respect; or

          (10) to provide for uncertificated Securities in addition to and in
     place of certificated Securities; provided that the Company has, by
     adopting a Board Resolution, elected to provide for uncertificated
     Securities.

SECTION 902. Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders.

     With the consent of the Holders of not less than a majority in principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of all series affected by such supplemental
indenture (taken together as one class), by Act of said Holders delivered to the
Company and the Trustee, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and
the Trustee may enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for
the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating
any of the provisions of this Indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights
of the Holders of Securities of such series under this Indenture; provided,
however, that no such supplemental indenture shall, without the consent of the
Holder of each Outstanding Security affected thereby,

          (1) change the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or any installment
     of principal of or interest on, any Security, or reduce the principal
     amount thereof or the rate of interest thereon or any premium payable upon
     the redemption thereof, or reduce the amount of the principal of an
     Original Issue Discount Security that would be due and payable upon a
     declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section
     502, or the method in which amounts of payments of principal or interest
     thereon are determined, or change any Place of Payment where, or the coin
     or currency in which, any Security or any premium or the interest thereon
     is payable, or impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of
     any such payment on or after the Stated Maturity thereof (or, in the case
     of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date), or

          (2) reduce the percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding
     Securities of any series, the consent of whose


<PAGE>
                                      -56-


     Holders is required for any such supplemental indenture, or the consent of
     whose Holders is required for any waiver (or compliance with certain
     provisions of this Indenture or certain defaults hereunder and their
     consequences) provided for in this Indenture, or

          (3) modify any of the provisions of this section, Section 513 or
     Section 1008, except to increase any such percentage or to provide that
     certain other provisions of this Indenture cannot be modified or waived
     without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected
     thereby, provided, however, that this clause shall not be deemed to require
     the consent of any Holder with respect to changes in the references to "the
     Trustee" and concomitant changes in this section and Section 1008, or the
     deletion of this proviso, in accordance with the requirements of Sections
     611(b) and 901(8).

A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any covenant or other
provision of this Indenture which has expressly been included solely for the
benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or which modifies the
rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to such covenant
or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this
Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series.

     It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders under this section to
approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall
be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance thereof.

SECTION 903. Execution of Supplemental Indentures.

     In executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any
supplemental indenture permitted by this article or the modifications thereby of
the trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive,
and (subject to Section 601) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an
Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of
such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture. The
Trustee may, but shall not be obligated to, enter into any such supplemental
indenture which affects the Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under
this Indenture or is unduly prejudicial to the holders not joining therein or
otherwise.

SECTION 904. Effect of Supplemental Indentures.

     Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture under this article, this
Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such supplemental
indenture shall form a part of


<PAGE>
                                      -57-


this Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder of Securities theretofore or
thereafter authenticated and delivered hereunder shall be bound thereby.

SECTION 905. Conformity with Trust Indenture Act.

     Every supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this article shall
conform to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect.

SECTION 906. Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures.

     Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the execution of
any supplemental indenture pursuant to this article may, and shall if required
by the Trustee, bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee as to any matter
provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so determine,
new Securities of any series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the
Trustee and the Company, to any such supplemental indenture may be prepared and
executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in
exchange for Outstanding Securities of such series.


                                   ARTICLE TEN

                                    COVENANTS


SECTION 1001. Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest.

     The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of each series of
Securities that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of (and premium,
if any) and interest on the Securities of that series in accordance with the
terms of the Securities and this Indenture. At the option of the Company,
payment of principal (and premium, if any) and interest may be made by wire
transfer or (subject to collection) by check mailed to the address of the Person
entitled thereto at such address as shall appear in the Security Register.

SECTION 1002. Maintenance of Office or Agency.

     The Company will maintain in each Place of Payment for any series of
Securities an office or agency where Securities of that series may be presented
or surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange and where notices and
demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and
this Indenture may be served. The Company hereby initially appoints the Trustee
its office or agency for each of said purposes. The Com-


<PAGE>
                                      -58-


pany will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any
change in the location, of such office or agency. If at any time the Company
shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to
furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders,
notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the
Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all
such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands.

     The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other offices
or agencies where the Securities of one or more series may be presented or
surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind such
designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in
any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an office or agency
in each Place of Payment for Securities of any series for such purposes. The
Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation
or rescission and of any change in the location of any such other office or
agency.

     The Company shall file with the Trustee and transmit by mail to all
Holders, as their names and addresses appear in the Security Register, within 15
days after it files them with the Commission, copies of its annual report and
the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any
of the foregoing as the Commission may by rule and regulation prescribe) which
the Company is required to file with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or
15(d) of the Exchange Act. Notwithstanding that the Company may not be required
to remain subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Exchange Act or otherwise report on an annual and quarterly basis on the forms
provided for such annual and quarterly reporting pursuant to rules and
regulations promulgated by the Commission, the Company shall continue to file
with the Commission and provide to the Trustee and Holders (a) within 140 days
after the end of each fiscal year, annual reports on Form 20-F or 40-F as
applicable (or any successor form), containing the information required to be
contained therein (or required in such successor form); and (b) within 60 days
after the end of each of the first three fiscal quarters of each fiscal year,
reports on Form 6-K (or any successor form), containing the information which,
regardless of applicable requirements shall, at a minimum, contain such
information required to be provided in quarterly reports under the laws of
Canada or any province thereof to security holders of a corporation with
securities listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange, whether of not the Company has
any of its securities so listed. Each of such reports will be prepared in
accordance with Canadian disclosure requirements and generally accepted
accounting principles in the United states, provided, however, that the


<PAGE>
                                      -59-


Company shall not be so obligated to file such reports with the Commission if
the Commission does not permit such filings.

SECTION 1003. Money for Securities; Payments to Be Held in Trust.

     If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent with respect
to any series of Securities, it will, on or before each due date of the
principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any of the Securities of that
series, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled
thereto a sum sufficient to pay the principal (and premium, if any) or interest
so becoming due until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise
disposed of as herein provided and will promptly notify the Trustee of its
action or failure so to act.

     Whenever the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents for any series of
Securities, it will, on or prior to each due date of the principal of (and
premium, if any) or interest on any Securities of that series, deposit with a
Paying Agent a sum sufficient to pay the principal (and premium, if any) or
interest so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the
Persons entitled to such principal, premium or interest, and (unless such Paying
Agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of its action
or failure so to act.

     The Company will cause each Paying Agent for any series of Securities other
than the Trustee to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which
such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of
this section, that such Paying Agent will:

          (1) hold all sums held by it for the payment on the principal of (and
     premium, if any) or interest on Securities of that series in trust for the
     benefit of the Persons entitled thereto until such sums shall be paid to
     such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided;

          (2) give the Trustee notice of any default by the Company (or any
     other obligor upon the Securities of that series) in the making of any
     payment of principal (and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities of
     that series; and

          (3) at any time during the continuance of any such default, upon the
     written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so
     held in trust by such Paying Agent.

     The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction
and discharge of this Indenture or for any


<PAGE>
                                      -60-


other purpose, pay, or by Company Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the
Trustee all sums held in trust by the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to
be held by the Trustee upon the same trusts as those upon which such sums were
held by the Company or such Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying
Agent to the Trustee, such Paying Agent shall be released from all further
liability with respect to such money.

     Any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by
the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any)
or interest on any Security of any series and remaining unclaimed for two years
after such principal (and premium, if any) or interest has become due and
payable shall be paid to the Company on Company Request, or (if then held by the
Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Security
shall thereafter, as an unsecured general creditor, look, only to the Company
for payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with
respect to such trust money, and all liability of the Company as trustee
thereof, shall thereupon cease; provided, however, that the Trustee or such
Paying Agent, before being required to make any such repayment, may at the
expense of the Company cause to be mailed or published once, in a newspaper
published in the English language, customarily published on each Business Day
and of general circulation in the City, County and State of New York, or both,
notice that such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date specified
therein, which shall not be less than 30 days from the date of such mailing or
publication, any unclaimed balance of such money then remaining will be repaid
to the Company.

     The Company shall have no obligation to make payment of principal of (or
premium, if any) or interest on any Security in immediately available funds,
except that if the Company shall have received original payment for Securities
in immediately available funds it shall make available immediately available
funds for payment of the principal of such Securities.

SECTION 1004. Corporate Existence.

     Subject to Article Eight, the Company will do or cause to be done all
things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its corporate
existence, rights (charter and statutory) and franchises; provided, however,
that the Company shall not be required to preserve any such right or franchise
if the Board of Directors shall determine that the preservation thereof is no
longer desirable in the conduct of the business of the Company and that the loss
thereof is not disadvantageous in any material respect to the Holders.


<PAGE>
                                      -61-


SECTION 1005. Maintenance of Properties.

     The Company will use its reasonable efforts to cause all material
properties used or useful in the conduct of its business to be maintained and
kept in good condition, repair and working order (subject to wear and tear) and
supplied with all necessary material equipment and will use its reasonable
efforts to cause to be made all necessary material repairs, renewals,
replacements, betterments and improvements thereof, all as in the judgment of
the Company may be necessary so that the business carried on in connection
therewith may be properly and advantageously conducted at all times; provided,
however, that nothing in this section shall prevent the Company from
discontinuing the operation or maintenance of any of such properties if such
discontinuance is, in the judgment of the Company, desirable in the conduct of
its business and not disadvantageous in any material respect to the Holders.

SECTION 1006. Payment of Taxes.

     The Company will pay or discharge or cause to be paid or discharged, before
the same shall become delinquent, all material taxes, assessments and
governmental charges lawfully levied or imposed upon the Company or upon the
income, profits or property of the Company; provided, however, that the Company
shall not be required to pay or discharge or cause to be paid or discharged any
such tax, assessment or charge whose legality, amount, applicability or validity
is being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings.

SECTION 1007. Statement by Officers as to Default.

     The Company will deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of
each fiscal year of the Company ending after the date hereof, a certificate of
the principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal
accounting officer of the Company stating whether or not to the best knowledge
of the signers thereof the Company is in default in the performance and
observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions of this Indenture, and
if the Company shall be in default, specifying all such defaults and the nature
and status thereof of which they may have knowledge.

SECTION 1008. Waiver of Certain Covenants.

     The Company may omit in any particular instance to comply with any term,
provision or condition set forth in Section 1007 if before or after the time for
such compliance the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities (taken together as one class) shall, by Act of such
Holders, either waive such compliance in such instance or gener-


<PAGE>
                                      -62-


ally waive compliance with such term, provision or condition except to the
extent so expressly waived, and, until such waiver shall become effective, the
obligations of the Company and the duties of the Trustee in respect of any such
term, provision or condition shall remain in full force and effect.


                                 ARTICLE ELEVEN

                            REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES


SECTION 1101. Applicability of Article.

     Securities of any series which are redeemable before their Stated Maturity
shall be redeemable in accordance with their terms and (except as otherwise
specified as contemplated by Section 301 for Securities of any series) in
accordance with this article.

SECTION 1102. Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee.

     The election of the Company to redeem any Securities shall be evidenced by
a Board Resolution. In case of any redemption at the election of the Company of
less than all the Securities of any series, the Company shall, at least 30 days
prior to the Redemption Date fixed by the Company (unless a shorter notice shall
be satisfactory to the Trustee), notify the Trustee of such Redemption Date and
of the principal amount of Securities of such series to be redeemed, such notice
to be accompanied by a written statement signed by an authorized officer of the
Company stating that no defaults in the payment of interest or Events of Default
with respect to the Securities of that series have occurred (which have not been
waived or cured). In the case of any redemption of Securities prior to the
expiration of any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such
Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture, the Company shall furnish the Trustee
an Officers' Certificate evidencing compliance with such restriction.

SECTION 1103. Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed.

     If less than all the Securities of any series are to be redeemed, the
particular Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not more than 60 days
prior to the Redemption Date by the Trustee, from the Outstanding Securities of
such series not previously called for redemption, by such method as the Trustee
in its sole discretion shall deem fair and appropriate and which may provide for
the selection or redemption of portions (equal to the minimum authorized
denomination for Securities of that series or any integral multiple thereof) of
the principal amount of Securi-


<PAGE>
                                      -63-


ties of such series of a denomination larger than the minimum authorized
denomination for Securities of that series.

     The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company in writing of the Securities
selected for redemption and, in the case of any Securities selected for partial
redemption, the principal amount thereof to be redeemed.

     For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires,
all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities shall relate, in the
case of any Securities redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion
of the principal amount of such Securities which has been or is to be redeemed.

SECTION 1104. Notice of Redemption.

     Notice of redemption shall be given by first-class mail, postage prepaid,
mailed not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date, to
each Holder of Securities to be redeemed, at his address appearing in the
Security Register. Any notice which is mailed in the manner herein provided
shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given, whether or not such
Holder receives the notice. Failure to give notice by mail, or any defect in the
notice to any such Holder in respect of any Security, shall not affect the
validity of the proceedings for the redemption of any other Security.

     All notices of redemption shall state:

          (1) the Redemption Date,

          (2) the Redemption Price and any accrued interest,

          (3) if less than all the Outstanding Securities of any series are to
     be redeemed, the identification (and, in the case of partial redemption,
     the principal amounts) of the particular Securities to be redeemed,

          (4) that on the Redemption Date the Redemption Price and any accrued
     interest will become due and payable upon each such Security to be redeemed
     together with accrued interest thereon and, if applicable, that interest
     thereon will cease to accrue on and after said date,

          (5) the place or places where such Securities are to be surrendered
     for payment of the Redemption Price and any accrued interest, and

          (6) that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case.


<PAGE>
                                      -64-


     Notice of redemption of Securities to be redeemed at the election of the
Company shall be given by the Company or, at the Company's request, by the
Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company.

SECTION 1105. Deposit of Redemption Price.

     On or prior to any Redemption Date, the Company shall deposit with the
Trustee or with a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying
Agent, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 1003) an amount of
money, in funds immediately available on the due date, sufficient to pay the
Redemption Price of, and (except if the Redemption Date shall be an Interest
Payment Date) accrued interest on, all the Securities which are to be redeemed
on that date.

SECTION 1106. Securities Payable on Redemption Date.

     Notice of redemption having been given as aforesaid, the Securities so to
be redeemed shall, on the Redemption Date, become due and payable at the
Redemption Price therein specified together with accrued interest thereon, and
from and after such date (unless the Company shall default in the payment of the
Redemption Price and accrued interest) such Securities shall cease to bear
interest. Upon surrender of any such Security for redemption in accordance with
said notice, such Security shall be paid by the Company at the Redemption Price,
together with accrued interest to the Redemption Date; provided, however, that
installments of interest whose Stated Maturity is on the Redemption Date shall
be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more Predecessor
Securities, registered as such at the close of business on the relevant Record
Dates according to their terms and the provisions of Section 307.

     If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon surrender
thereof for redemption, the principal (and premium, if any) shall, until paid,
bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate prescribed therefor in the
Security.

     The Trustee shall not redeem any Securities of any series pursuant to this
article (unless all Outstanding Securities of such series are to be redeemed) or
mail or give any notice of redemption of Securities during the continuance of an
Event of Default hereunder known to the Trustee with respect to such series,
except that, where the mailing of notice of redemption of any Securities shall
theretofore have been made, the Trustee shall redeem or cause to be redeemed
such Securities, provided that it shall have received from the Company a sum
sufficient for such redemption. Except as aforesaid, any moneys theretofore or
thereafter received by the Trustee shall, during the continuance of such Event
of Default, be deemed to have been collected under


<PAGE>
                                      -65-


Article Five and held for the payment of all such Securities of such series. In
case such Event of Default shall have been waived as provided in Section 513 or
the default cured on or before the sixtieth day preceding the Redemption Date,
such moneys shall thereafter be applied in accordance with the provisions of
this article.

SECTION 1107. Securities Redeemed in Part.

     Any Security which is to be redeemed only in part shall be surrendered at a
Place of Payment therefor (with, if the Company or the Trustee so requires, due
endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the
Company and the Trustee duly executed by, the Holder thereof or his attorney
duly authorized in writing), and the Company shall execute, and the Trustee
shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such Security without service
charge, a new Security or Securities of the same series, of any authorized
denomination as requested by such Holder, in aggregate principal amount equal to
and in exchange for the unredeemed portion of the principal of the Security so
surrendered.


                                 ARTICLE TWELVE

                                  SINKING FUNDS


SECTION 1201. Applicability of Article.

     The provisions of this article shall be applicable to any sinking fund for
the retirement of Securities of a series except as otherwise specified as
contemplated by Section 301 for Securities of such series.

     The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of
Securities of any series is herein referred to as a "mandatory sinking fund
payment," and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the
terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as an "optional sinking
fund payment." If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series, the
cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided
in Section 1202. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of
Securities of any series as provided for by the terms of Securities of such
series.

SECTION 1202. Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.

     The Company (1) may deliver Outstanding Securities of a series (other than
any previously called for redemption) and (2)


<PAGE>
                                      -66-


may apply as credit Securities of a series which have been redeemed either at
the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through
the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the
terms of such Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any
sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of such series required to
be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities as provided for by the terms of
such series; provided that such Securities have not been previously so credited.
Such Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee
at the Redemption Price specified in such Securities for redemption through
operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall
be reduced accordingly.

SECTION 1203. Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.

     Not less than 60 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for any
series of Securities, the Company (1) will deliver to the Trustee an Officers'
Certificate (A) stating that no defaults in the payment of interest or Events of
Default with respect to Securities of that series have occurred (which have not
been waived or cured), (B) specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking
fund payment for that series pursuant to the terms of Securities of that series,
(C) stating whether or not the Company intends to exercise its right, if any, to
make an optional sinking fund payment with respect to such series on the next
ensuing sinking fund payment date and, if so, specifying the amount of such
optional sinking fund payment and (D) specifying the portion of such sinking
fund payment, if any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the
portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting
Securities of that series pursuant to Section 1202 and (2) will also deliver to
the Trustee any Securities to be so delivered. Not less than 30 days before each
such sinking fund payment date the Trustee shall select the Securities of such
series to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner
specified in Section 1103 and cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given
in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in
Section 1104. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such
Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Sections
1105, 1106 and 1107. Failure of the Company, on or before any such 60th day, to
deliver such Officers' Certificate and Securities specified in this section, if
any, shall not constitute a default but shall constitute, on and as of such
date, the irrevocable election of the Company (a) that the mandatory sinking
fund payment for such series due on the next succeeding sinking fund payment
date shall be paid entirely in cash without the option to deliver or credit
Securities of such series in respect thereof and (b) that the Company will make
no optional sinking fund payment with respect to Securities of such series as
provided in this article.


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                                      -67-


     The Trustee shall not redeem or cause to be redeemed any Security of a
series with sinking fund moneys or mail any notice of redemption of Securities
of such series by operation of the sinking fund during the continuance of a
default in payment of interest on such Securities or of any Event of Default
with respect to such series except that, where the mailing of notice of
redemption of any Securities shall therefore have been made, the Trustee shall
redeem or cause to be redeemed such Securities, provided that it shall have
received from the Company a sum sufficient for such redemption. Except as
aforesaid, any moneys in the sinking fund for such series at the time when any
such default or Event of Default shall occur, and any moneys thereafter paid
into the sinking fund, shall, during the continuance of such default or Event of
Default, be deemed to have been collected under Article Five and held for the
payment of all such Securities of such series. In case such Event of Default
shall have been waived as provided in Section 513 or the default cured on or
before the 60th day preceding the sinking fund payment date, such moneys shall
thereafter be applied on the next succeeding sinking fund payment date in
accordance with this section to the redemption of such Securities.

     This instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of
which so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts
shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.



<PAGE>


     IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be
duly executed all as of the day and year first above written.



                                360networks inc.


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