# Patent

## Title
Using multiple and a single feedback for UE uplink beamforming in soft handoff

## Abstract

Embodiments of the present invention describe methods for increasing the amount of information available to a mobile transmit diversity transmitter during soft handoff. According to embodiments of the invention, a transmit diversity transmitter may determine substantially when it is in uplink communication with one base station and downlink communication with another base station. The mobile device may transmitting a diversity signal by controlling a value of a transmit diversity parameter based on feedback signals from the downlink base station, and controlling a power level in accordance with a standard protocol, e.g. combination of transmit power control feedbacks provided by the active base stations.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/232,646, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,699,968 which claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/382,889, entitled “USING MULTIPLE AND A SINGLE TPC FOR UE UPLINK BEAMFORMING, IN SHO SITUATIONS” and filed Sep. 14, 2010, the entirety of which is incorporated by reference herein.
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/232,646, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,699,968 which is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/043,256, entitled “METHOD, APPARATUS AND SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING TRANSMIT DIVERSITY FEEDBACK DURING SOFT HANDOFF” and filed Mar. 6, 2008, which claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/906,829, entitled “METHOD, APPARATUS AND SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING TRANSMIT DIVERSITY FEEDBACK DURING SOFT HANDOFF” and filed Mar. 14, 2007, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to the field of wireless communications and more specifically to controlling a transmit diversity parameter in a mobile communication device in the vicinity of more than one base station.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A mobile or modifying communication device may have multiple antenna elements that transmit signals to communicate information. A base station or feedback communication device may extract information from the transmitted signals. Multiple antenna elements may enhance spatial or spectral efficiency, allowing for more users to be simultaneously served over a given frequency band. The transmitted signals, however, propagate along different paths and may reach the receiving communication device with different phases that destructively interfere. It is generally desirable to reduce interference of transmitted signals.
US Patent Publication No. 2003/0002594, assigned to the assignee of the present application, the contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference, describes using a power control signal, for example, as provided by the power control bit of the CDMA protocol, as a quality indication signal.
SUMMARY OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the invention include a method and device for controlling a transmit diversity mobile communication device including determining that the mobile communication device is a vicinity of first and second base stations, wherein the mobile device is in uplink communication with the first base station and downlink communication with the second base station, and transmitting a diversity signal from first and second antennas differing by a transmit diversity parameter by controlling a value of the transmit diversity parameter based on feedback signals from the second base station, and controlling a power level in accordance with the protocol standard requirements.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The subject matter regarded as the invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the concluding portion of the specification. The invention, however, both as to organization and method of operation, together with objects, features, and advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following detailed description when read with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating one embodiment of a communication system, in which the transmitter may have at least two transmit paths each controlled by respective independent diversity parameters;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating TPC is used for beam forming when one single serving base station is communicated with UE
FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating multiple TPCs are used for beam forming when in SHO situation;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of SHO, where only the TPC originated from the data serving cell is used for beam forming, while the UE power level continue to follow all TPCs according to the protocol standard requirements; and
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of a device according to embodiments of the present invention, in which the transmitter may have at least two transmit paths each controlled by respective independent diversity parameters.



It will be appreciated that for simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements shown in the figures have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements may be exaggerated relative to other elements for clarity. Further, where considered appropriate, reference numerals may be repeated among the figures to indicate corresponding or analogous elements.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating one embodiment of a communication system 100 that includes a mobile transmitter 110, also referred to as a modifying communication device, that that adjusts a nominal value of a transmit diversity parameter, for example, a phase difference and/or a power ratio between a signal transmitted on a first antenna 111 and a second antenna 112. Although the embodiments described in the present application are described as using two antennas, it will be recognized that the present invention is equally applicable to transmit diversity systems and devices having more than two antennas.
According to the embodiment, transmitter may, for example, perturb a signal at a perturbation rate and transmit the signal to receiving communication device 120, also referred to as a feedback communication device. Feedback communication device 120 may receive the transmit diversity signal at antenna 121 and transmit/receive module 122, process the received signal using processor 123, and transmit feedback information that describes the signal quality as received by feedback communication device 120. It will be recognized that there may be a variety of ways for the feedback device to provide this signal quality indication. In one embodiment described herein, the power control bit (PCB) may be used as a signal quality indicator. In other embodiments one ore more feedback parameters, including antenna selection and/or dedicated transmit diversity feedback parameters, may be used additionally or alternatively. Modifying communication device 110 may adjust a nominal value of at least one transmit diversity parameter at a nominal value adjustment rate based on the feedback information.
According to the illustrated embodiment, network 100 operates to provide services such as communication sessions. A communication session may refer to an active communication between endpoints, measured from endpoint to endpoint. Information is communicated during a communication session. Information may refer to voice, data, text, audio, video, multimedia, control, signaling, other information, or any combination of the preceding.
The information may be communicated in packets. A packet may comprise a bundle of data organized in a specific way for transmission, and a frame may comprise the payload of one or more packets organized in a specific way for transmission. A packet-based communication protocol such as Internet Protocol (IP) may be used to communicate the packets.
Network 100 may utilize communication protocols and technologies to provide the communication sessions. Examples of communication protocols and technologies include those set by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 802.xx standards, International Telecommunications Union (ITU-T) standards, European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) standards, Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standards, or other standards.
Devices of network 100 may use any suitable multiple access technology, for example, a code division multiple access (CDMA) technology. According to one embodiment, network 10 may operate according to a CDMA 2000 telecommunications technology that uses a single CDMA channel As an example, a CDMA 2000 high rate data packet technology, such as the Evolution Data Only (EvDO) technology may be used.
Network 100 may comprise any suitable communication network. A communication network may comprise all or a portion of a public switched telephone network (PSTN), a public or private data network, a local area network (LAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a wide area network (WAN), a global computer network such as the Internet, a wireless network, a local, regional, or global communication network, an enterprise intranet, other suitable communication link, or any combination of the preceding.
A component of network 100 may include logic, an interface, memory, other component, or any suitable combination of the preceding. “Logic” may refer to hardware, software, other logic, or any suitable combination of the preceding. Certain logic may manage the operation of a device, and may comprise, for example, a processor. “Interface” may refer to logic of a device operable to receive input for the device, send output from the device, perform suitable processing of the input or output or both, or any combination of the preceding, and may comprise one or more ports, conversion software, or both. “Memory” may refer to logic operable to store and facilitate retrieval of information, and may comprise a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Read Only Memory (ROM), a magnetic drive, a disk drive, a Compact Disk (CD) drive, a Digital Video Disk (DVD) drive, a removable media storage, any other suitable data storage medium, or a combination of any of the preceding.
Communication network 100 may include one or more modifying communication devices 110 and one or more feedback communication devices 120 that communicate via a wireless link 130. Either or both of communication devices 110 and 120 may be any device operable to communicate information via signals with one or more other communication devices. For example, either of communication devices 110 or 120 may comprise a mobile subscriber unit or a base station. A subscriber unit may comprise any device operable to communicate with a base station, for example, a personal digital assistant, a cellular telephone, a mobile handset, a computer, or any other device suitable for communicating signals to and from a base station. A subscriber unit may support, for example, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), Internet Protocol (IP), or any other suitable communication protocol.
A base station may provide a subscriber unit access to a communication network that allows the subscriber unit to communicate with other networks or devices. A base station typically includes a base transceiver station and a base station controller. The base transceiver station communicates signals to and from one or more subscriber units. The base station controller manages the operation of the base transceiver station.
In some embodiments of the invention, the feedback communication device 120 may be a base station, and the modifying communication device 110 may be a subscriber unit.
Either or both of communication devices 110 or 120 may include one or more antenna elements, where each antenna element is operable to receive, transmit, or both receive and transmit a signal. Multiple antenna elements may provide for a separation process known as spatial filtering, which may enhance spectral efficiency, allowing for more users to be served simultaneously over a given frequency band.
A communication link between communication devices 110 and 120 such as wireless link 130 may be a radio frequency link that is cellular in network organization. Wireless link 130 may be used to communicate a signal between communication devices 120 and 110.
As described more fully below, according to embodiments of the present invention, modifying communication device 110 may include a processor 114 and a transmit/receive module 113 that calculate and produce one or more signals for transmission over at least first and second antennas 111 and 112.
Feedback communication device 120 may include a processor 123 and transmit/receive module 122 that generate and transmit a feedback signal that indicates the quality of the modified signal as received at the feedback communication device 120. Modifying communication device 110 may then modify the transmit signal in accordance with feedback information corresponding to the feedback signal.
According to one embodiment, modifying a signal may refer to modifying a signal feature. A transmission signal feature, or in some embodiments of the invention, a transmit diversity parameter, may refer without limitation to any feature of the transmission, for example, relative phase, relative amplitude, relative power, absolute power, frequency, timing, other suitable signal feature that may be modulated, or any combination of the preceding. Relative phase may refer to the phase difference between the phase of a first signal of a first transmit antenna element and the phase of a second signal of a second transmit antenna element. Relative power may refer to the ratio between the power of a first signal of a first transmit antenna element and the power of a second signal of a second transmit antenna element, which ratio may be defined on a linear or logarithmic scale. Relative amplitude may refer to the ratio between the amplitude of a first signal of a first transmit antenna element and the amplitude of a second signal of a second transmit antenna element. Absolute power may refer to the total power transmitted by all antennas of modifying communication device 110. According to one embodiment, modifying a signal may be described as adjusting a nominal value of a transmit diversity parameter. As described more fully herein, according to an embodiment of the invention, modulation of a transmit diversity parameter during a perturbation cycle may comprise transmitting using a transmit diversity parameter deviating from the nominal value in a first direction during a first portion of the perturbation cycle and then transmitting using a transmit diversity parameter deviating from the nominal value in a second direction during a second portion of the perturbation cycle.
According to one embodiment of operation of the invention, modifying communication device 110 may modify a signal by perturbing the signal. Perturbing a signal may refer to modulating a signal feature of the signal in relation to a nominal value of the signal, for example, modifying the signal feature in a first direction for a first feedback interval, and in a second direction for another feedback interval. A perturbation cycle may refer to a first modulation in a first direction and a second modulation in a second direction. In some embodiments of the invention, a perturbation cycle may comprise a different, e.g., longer or more complex, sequence of modulations. As an example with respect to phase, a perturbation may include modulating the phase difference in a first direction, and modulating the phase difference in a second direction. If the feedback information provided by the feedback communication device 120 indicates an improvement in the signal received using one perturbation modulation direction compared to the signal received using the other perturbation modulation direction, the next nominal value adjustment may be made in the improved direction in an amount less than or equal to the modulation.
According to embodiments of the invention, the nominal value of a transmit diversity parameter may be perturbed at a first rate, designated the perturbation rate, and the nominal value of the transmit diversity parameter may be adjusted at a second rate, designated the nominal value adjustment rate. The perturbation rate and the nominal value adjustment rates may be the substantially the same or they may be different, and each one may be substantially the same or different than the feedback rate.
In an embodiment of the present invention, feedback communication device 120 may transmit to modifying communication device 110 a power control signal, for example, one or more power control bits, or any type or group of power control signals may be used. A power control signal may indicate to the modifying communication device 110 that it should raise or lower its power. For example, based on the parameter being modulated, a “quality up” outcome value may instruct modifying communication device 110 to increase the total power of its transmitted signal, and a “quality down” outcome value may instruct modifying communication device 110 to decrease the total power. An outcome value may comprise, for example, a power control bit of a CDMA power control signal, for which “0” represents a command to increase power and a “1” represents a command to decrease power. Thus, for example, a bit value of “1” requesting a decrease in power may indicate “quality up,” and a bit value of “0” requesting an increase in power may indicate “quality down.” Some CDMA or WCDMA protocols may allow for additional outcomes, for example, no change in power.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating one embodiment of a communication system with single serving base station;
A transmitter may simultaneously receive power control signals from multiple receivers, for example, when the transmitter is a mobile device within range of a plurality of base stations. This is typically referred to as a soft handoff situation. These power control signals may provide the transmitter with conflicting instructions, e.g., one base station may indicate “quality up” and another may indicate “quality down.” However, the transmitter may only respond to one of the conflicting instructions. The transmitter decision is therefore based on the aggregate power control signal, which may indicate “quality up” if at least one received power control signal is a “quality up” and otherwise “quality down”. For example, the aggregate power control signal may be implemented as the logical OR value of all received power control signals. That is, if all received power control signals indicate “0”, then all have received a degraded signal and are requesting increase in power, and accordingly, the aggregate power control signal will be “0” and the transmitter will increase power. In another case, if at least one power control signal indicates “1”, then at least one base station has received an improved signal and is requesting decrease in power, and accordingly, the aggregate power control signal will be “1” and the transmitter will decrease increase power.
According to embodiments of the present invention, transmit diversity transmitters may obtain feedback information from multiple power control signals, whether alone or in addition to other feedback signals and parameters. In some embodiments of the invention, the feedback from the base station may expressly relate to a transmit diversity parameter in particular, providing the mobile device with specific instructions relating to a transmit diversity parameter, such as a phase difference.
In one embodiment of the invention, the transmitter may first ascertain that it is substantially within the range of more than one receiver providing a meaningful power control signal. In some embodiments of the invention, the determination that the transmitter is in soft handoff may be made statistically over a number of power control signals received over a test period, for example, 100 ms. For example, the transmitter may enter soft handoff mode when at least two power control signal streams during the test period each include a number of “quality down” signals greater than a threshold value. The threshold value may be defined in relative or absolute terms. For example, the threshold condition for soft handoff mode may require that more than 25% of power control signals received from each of at least two feedback sources be “quality down”.
In another embodiment, the threshold may be at least 30%, 40% or 50%. In an embodiment of the invention, the threshold may be defined in comparative terms, for example, when the number of “quality down” signals from two feedback sources are approximately equal, for example, when their number of “quality down” signals for a test period are within no more than approximately 10%, 20%, or 30% of each other. It will be recognized that other determinations may be made for establishing a soft handoff situation, depending, for example, on whether the beamforming is to be focused more strongly at the weaker base station or at the more dominant base station.
It will be understood in the context of the present application, that the determination made by the mobile transmitter that it is in a soft handoff situation is merely shorthand for a situation in which the device is within range of receiving meaningful feedback from more than one base station. It is possible within the scope of the present invention that a transmitter may determine that it is in a soft handoff situation and proceed accordingly even when service is not actually being handed off from one base station to another, for example, when the mobile transmitter is stationary and equidistant (power-wise) from two base stations, in which case service may not be handed off, but the device may operate in soft handoff mode. For example, a soft handoff algorithm may include a hysteresis component in order to avoid excessive handoffs. In such a system, even though the soft handoff is not actually performed, the presence of at least two meaningful base station signals may be used in connection with the present invention.
When a determination is made that the transmitter is in soft handoff, it may regard each of the power control signals as an individual feedback stream, and direct its beamforming to both receivers.
Some embodiments of the invention relate to a control feature for a mobile transmit diversity parameter, based on direct feedback (express or dedicated diversity parameter feedback) or indirect feedback (e.g., a transmit power control (TPC) power control bit (PCB)) for beamforming and steering, particularly in SHO situations.
As discussed above, for purposes of power control, when the mobile device is in the vicinity of a plurality of base stations, it may receive several TPC streams, and may use more than one (or all) of them for the purpose of adjusting the power level, per the WCDMA/CDMA protocol. Generally, the mobile device will always obey any TPC that request downward transmit power adjustment.
According to embodiments of the invention, additionally or alternatively to being used for adjusting transmit power level, the TPC or other transmit diversity feedback signals may be used for uplink transmit beamforming using multiple (i.e., two or more) antennas simultaneously. The mobile device may therefore use a combination of the TPCs or other MTD feedback signals originating from all the active base stations within communication range, e.g., all base stations participating in SHO at a given moment.
FIG. 3 shows multiple TPCs are used for the beamforming in SHO situation, According to embodiments of the invention, a beamforming algorithm, e.g., as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,321,636, may be operated using the combination of feedback signals, e.g., TPCs or dedicated MTD feedback signals. Thus, for example, an MTD algorithm for determining a diversity parameter, e.g., phase difference, may record a “down” if any one of the base stations within range sends a TPC signal indicating “power down”, and may record an “up” if all active participants send a “power up” feedback signal.
FIG. 4 illustrate one embodiment of the present invention, the beamforming algorithm may adhere to a single stream of TPCs or dedicated MTD feedback signals, originating from a single base station or cell, for instance, a cell that serves the UE with downlink data, as described below.
In some embodiments of the invention, a mobile device may be in communication with at least two different base stations for purposes of uplink and downlink, respectively. For example, the mobile device may be located in an area where its uplink is mostly governed by one base station, while another base station is assigned to deliver data to it. For example, the mobile device may be located close to that base station, but is not served by it for its downlink data requirements. Such cases may occur, for example, when capacity is not spread homogenously in the network, and in fact, the nearby base station's capacity is already maximized, so the core may assign a secondary base station that is less loaded for downlink data delivery to the mobile device.
In such cases, if TPCs or feedback data from all base stations are used as described above, the algorithm performed by the mobile device may focus its transmit beam on the nearby base station, rather than the actually serving base station, and may thereby increase the path-loss to the serving base station, depriving the downlink data stream from acknowledgement at cell edge. Note that unlike voice channel, an acknowledgement received in a participant base station that is not the serving cell, will be lost.
Therefore, according to some embodiments of the invention, the mobile device may identify when the uplink is governed by a base station that it not assigned to the mobile device for purposes of downlink, and in such situations, may use only the TPC or other feedback data originating from the serving cell for MTD algorithm purposes, while still complying with the standard requirements as far as transmit power level regulation, e.g., continue controlling the transmit power according to the rule of obeying any active base station requesting “power down.”
While certain features of the invention have been illustrated and described herein, many modifications, substitutions, changes, and equivalents will now occur to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is, therefore, to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit of the invention.
Reference is made to FIG. 5, which is a schematic flow diagram of a method 500 according to an embodiment of the present invention. A determination may be made whether the mobile device is in a soft-handoff situation, e.g., whether it is in the vicinity of two usable feedback signals (510). This determination may be made according to any of the calculations discussed above, or any suitable technique for determining whether feedback signals from two feedback communication devices may be used. If the device is in a soft-handoff situation, then the device may determine whether the serving cell is from the weaker base station (520). If the serving cell is the weaker BS, then UE control transmit diversity parameter value of each transmit path based on the feedback signal from the serving cell only (530). Otherwise, UE controls transmit diversity parameter value of each transmit path based on combination of feedback signals from all active cells (540). UE output power level follows TPCs from all active cells according to standard protocol requirements (550). The first and second transmit path signals may be transmitted (560). It will be recognized that additional steps may be added, for example, adding a transmit delay, or, for example, recombining transmit paths as described above.
Certain embodiments of the invention may include none, some, or all of the above technical advantages. One or more other technical advantages may be readily apparent to one skilled in the art from the figures, descriptions, and claims included herein.
The previous description of the embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the invention. While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, any mobile communication protocol may be used, for example, CDMA or other types of protocols. For example, the communication devices similar to those described above can be used with time-division multiple access (TDMA) or frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) protocols. Such a TDMA protocol can include, for example, the Global Systems for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol.
Note that although the tuning of a communication device is described through the use complex weighting, in other embodiments other types of control signals can tune the communication device. In other words, the tuning of a communication device through the use such control signals need not be limited to information about varying the magnitude and phase of the signal. For example, the control signals can carry information to vary the magnitude, phase, frequency and/or timing of the signal associated with each antenna element.
Embodiments of this invention may apply to any transmit diversity control method. It will be understood that the methods discussed herein may be integrated with any transmit diversity control algorithm. It will further be understood that the present invention may be implemented as a stand-alone processing module, or may be integrated into a transmit diversity control processor, algorithm, or signal path circuitry.

## Claims

1. A method of controlling a mobile communication device comprising:
determining by a mobile communication device that it is in a vicinity of first and second base stations,
wherein the mobile device is in uplink communication with the first base station and downlink communication with the second base station;
determining by the mobile device that the second base station is providing stronger power control signals than the first base station, and controlling a value of a transmit diversity parameter based on feedback signals from the second base station,
otherwise determining by the mobile device that the first base station is providing stronger power control signals than the second base station and controlling a value of a transmit diversity parameter based on feedback signals from both the first base station and the second base station.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the mobile device determines that one of the first and second base stations is providing a stronger power control signal is by receiving from said one of the first and second base stations more frequent signals requesting that the mobile communication device reduce transmission power.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the one of the first and second base stations providing power control signal is determined during a predetermined period of time.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein a delay is added to the signals received from one of the base stations.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmit diversity parameter is a phase difference.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein controlling a value of the transmit diversity parameter comprises
splitting a transmit path into first and second transmit branches, and
producing said phase difference value in a first transmit branch relative to a second transmit branch.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein transmitting signals from said first and second transmit branches comprises
transmitting on a first antenna a first combined signal based on the first transmit branch of first and second transmit paths; and
transmitting on a second antenna a second combined signal based on a second transmit branch of the first and second transmit paths.

8. A mobile communication device comprising a processor to:
determine that the device is in a vicinity of first and second base stations, and that mobile device is in a soft handoff situation with the first base station and the second base station;
determine that the second base station is providing stronger power control signals than the first base station, and control a value of a transmit diversity parameter based on feedback signals from the second base station,
otherwise determine that the first base station is providing stronger power control signals than the second base station and control a value of a transmit diversity parameter based on feedback signals from both the first base station and the second base station.

9. The device of claim 8, wherein determining the one of the first and second base stations providing a stronger power control signal is by receiving from said one of the first and second base stations more frequent signals requesting that the mobile communication device reduce transmission power.

10. The device of claim 9, wherein the mobile device determines the one of the first and second base stations with more frequent signals requesting that the mobile communication device reduce transmission power during a predetermined period of time.

11. The device of claim 8 wherein a delay is added to the signals received from one of the first and second base stations.

12. The device of claim 8, wherein the transmit diversity parameter is a phase difference.

13. The device of claim 8, wherein controlling a value of the transmit diversity parameter comprises
splitting a transmit path into first and second transmit branches, and
producing said phase difference value in a first transmit branch relative to a second transmit branch.

14. The device of claim 13, wherein transmitting signals from said first and second transmit paths comprises
transmitting on a first antenna a first combined signal based on the first transmit branches of the first and second transmit paths; and
transmitting on a second antenna a second combined signal based on the second transmit branches of the first and second transmit paths.