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[Congressional Bills 115th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 5905 Introduced in House (IH)]

<DOC>

115th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                H. R. 5905

To authorize basic research programs in the Department of Energy Office 
               of Science for fiscal years 2018 and 2019.

_______________________________________________________________________

                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                              May 22, 2018

 Mr. Weber of Texas (for himself, Ms. Lofgren, Mr. Smith of Texas, Mr. 
 Lucas, Mr. Knight, Mr. Hultgren, Mr. Dunn, Mr. Norman, Mr. Babin, Mr. 
  Marshall, Mr. Higgins of Louisiana, and Mrs. Lesko) introduced the 
following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Science, Space, 
                             and Technology

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

 
To authorize basic research programs in the Department of Energy Office 
               of Science for fiscal years 2018 and 2019.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Department of 
Energy Science and Innovation Act of 2018''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Definitions.
Sec. 3. Mission.
Sec. 4. Basic energy sciences.
Sec. 5. Advanced scientific computing research.
Sec. 6. High energy physics.
Sec. 7. Biological and environmental research.
Sec. 8. Fusion energy.
Sec. 9. Nuclear physics.
Sec. 10. Science laboratories infrastructure program.
Sec. 11. Authorization of appropriations.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Department.--The term ``Department'' means the 
        Department of Energy.
            (2) Director.--The term ``Director'' means the Director of 
        the Office of Science of the Department.
            (3) National laboratory.--The term ``National Laboratory'' 
        has the meaning given that term in section 2 of the Energy 
        Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801).
            (4) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of Energy.

SEC. 3. MISSION.

    Section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 
7139) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Mission.--The mission of the Office of Science shall be the 
delivery of scientific discoveries, capabilities, and major scientific 
tools to transform the understanding of nature and to advance the 
energy, economic, and national security of the United States.''.

SEC. 4. BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES.

    (a) Program.--The Director shall carry out a program in basic 
energy sciences, including materials sciences and engineering, chemical 
sciences, physical biosciences, and geosciences, for the purpose of 
providing the scientific foundations for new energy technologies.
    (b) Mission.--The mission of the program described in subsection 
(a) shall be to support fundamental research to understand, predict, 
and ultimately control matter and energy at the electronic, atomic, and 
molecular levels in order to provide the foundations for new energy 
technologies and to support Department missions in energy, environment, 
and national security.
    (c) Basic Energy Sciences User Facilities.--
            (1) In general.--The Director shall carry out a program for 
        the development, construction, operation, and maintenance of 
        national user facilities.
            (2) Requirements.--To the maximum extent practicable, the 
        national user facilities developed, constructed, operated, or 
        maintained under paragraph (1) shall serve the needs of the 
        Department, industry, the academic community, and other 
        relevant entities to create and examine materials and chemical 
        processes for the purpose of improving the competitiveness of 
        the United States.
            (3) Included facilities.--The national user facilities 
        developed, constructed, operated, or maintained under paragraph 
        (1) shall include--
                    (A) x-ray light sources;
                    (B) neutron sources;
                    (C) nanoscale science research centers; and
                    (D) such other facilities as the Director considers 
                appropriate, consistent with section 209 of the 
                Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139).
    (d) Basic Energy Sciences Research Infrastructure.--
            (1) Advanced photon source upgrade.--
                    (A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for 
                the upgrade to the Advanced Photon Source described in 
                the publication approved by the Basic Energy Sciences 
                Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, titled ``Report on 
                Facility Upgrades'', including the development of a 
                multi-bend achromat lattice to produce a high flux of 
                coherent x-rays within the hard x-ray energy region and 
                a suite of beamlines optimized for this source.
                    (B) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
                            (i) Flux.--The term ``flux'' means the rate 
                        of flow of photons.
                            (ii) Hard x-ray.--The term ``hard x-ray'' 
                        means a photon with energy greater than 20 
                        kiloelectron volts.
                    (C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, to 
                the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start 
                of full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph 
                occurs before December 31, 2025.
                    (D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under section 11 for Basic Energy 
                Sciences, there shall be made available to the 
                Secretary to carry out the upgrade under this 
                paragraph--
                            (i) $93,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and
                            (ii) $130,000,000 for fiscal year 2019.
            (2) Spallation neutron source proton power upgrade.--
                    (A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for a 
                proton power upgrade to the Spallation Neutron Source.
                    (B) Definition of proton power upgrade.--For the 
                purposes of this paragraph, the term ``proton power 
                upgrade'' means the Spallation Neutron Source power 
                upgrade described in--
                            (i) the publication of the Office of 
                        Science of the Department of Energy titled 
                        ``Facilities for the Future of Science: A 
                        Twenty-Year Outlook'', published December 2003;
                            (ii) the publication of the Office of 
                        Science of the Department of Energy titled 
                        ``Four Years Later: An Interim Report on 
                        Facilities for the Future of Science: A Twenty-
                        Year Outlook'', published August 2007; and
                            (iii) the publication approved by the Basic 
                        Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9, 
                        2016, titled ``Report on Facility Upgrades''.
                    (C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, to 
                the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start 
                of full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph 
                occurs before December 31, 2025.
                    (D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under section 11 for Basic Energy 
                Sciences, there shall be made available to the 
                Secretary to carry out the upgrade under this 
                paragraph--
                            (i) $36,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and
                            (ii) $60,800,000 for fiscal year 2019.
            (3) Spallation neutron source second target station.--
                    (A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for a 
                second target station for the Spallation Neutron 
                Source.
                    (B) Definition of second target station.--For the 
                purposes of this paragraph, the term ``second target 
                station'' means the Spallation Neutron Source second 
                target station described in--
                            (i) the publication of the Office of 
                        Science of the Department of Energy titled 
                        ``Facilities for the Future of Science: A 
                        Twenty-Year Outlook'', published December 2003;
                            (ii) the publication of the Office of 
                        Science of the Department of Energy titled 
                        ``Four Years Later: An Interim Report on 
                        Facilities for the Future of Science: A Twenty-
                        Year Outlook'', published August 2007; and
                            (iii) the publication approved by the Basic 
                        Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9, 
                        2016, titled ``Report on Facility Upgrades''.
                    (C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, to 
                the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start 
                of full operations of the second target station under 
                this paragraph occurs before December 31, 2030, with 
                the option for early operation in 2028.
                    (D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under section 11 for Basic Energy 
                Sciences, there shall be made available to the 
                Secretary to carry out activities, including 
                construction, under this paragraph--
                            (i) $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and
                            (ii) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2019.
            (4) Advanced light source upgrade.--
                    (A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for 
                the upgrade to the Advanced Light Source described in 
                the publication approved by the Basic Energy Sciences 
                Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, titled ``Report on 
                Facility Upgrades'', including the development of a 
                multi-bend achromat lattice to produce a high flux of 
                coherent x-rays within the soft x-ray energy region.
                    (B) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
                            (i) Flux.--The term ``flux'' means the rate 
                        of flow of photons.
                            (ii) Soft x-ray.--The term ``soft x-ray'' 
                        means a photon with energy in the range from 50 
                        to 2,000 electron volts.
                    (C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, to 
                the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start 
                of full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph 
                occurs before December 31, 2026.
                    (D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under section 11 for Basic Energy 
                Sciences, there shall be made available to the 
                Secretary to carry out the upgrade under this 
                paragraph--
                            (i) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and
                            (ii) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2019.
            (5) Linac coherent light source ii high energy upgrade.--
                    (A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for 
                the upgrade to the Linac Coherent Light Source II 
                facility described in the publication approved by the 
                Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9, 
                2016, titled ``Report on Facility Upgrades'', including 
                the development of experimental capabilities for high 
                energy x-rays to reveal fundamental scientific 
                discoveries. The Secretary shall ensure the upgrade 
                under this paragraph enables the production and use of 
                high energy, ultra-short pulse x-rays delivered at a 
                high repetition rate.
                    (B) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
                            (i) High energy x-ray.--The term a ``high 
                        energy x-ray'' means a photon with an energy at 
                        or exceeding 12 kiloelectron volts.
                            (ii) High repetition rate.--The term ``high 
                        repetition rate'' means the delivery of x-ray 
                        pulses up to one million pulses per second.
                            (iii) Ultra-short pulse x-rays.--The term 
                        ``ultra-short pulse x-rays'' means x-ray bursts 
                        capable of durations of less than one hundred 
                        femtoseconds.
                    (C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, to 
                the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start 
                of full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph 
                occurs before December 31, 2025.
                    (D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under section 11 for Basic Energy 
                Sciences, there shall be made available to the 
                Secretary to carry out the upgrade under this 
                paragraph--
                            (i) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and
                            (ii) $55,000,000 for fiscal year 2019.
    (e) Accelerator Research and Development.--The Director shall carry 
out research and development on advanced accelerator and storage ring 
technologies relevant to the development of Basic Energy Sciences user 
facilities, in consultation with the Office of Science's High Energy 
Physics and Nuclear Physics programs.
    (f) Solar Fuels Research Initiative.--
            (1) In general.--Section 973 of the Energy Policy Act of 
        2005 (42 U.S.C. 16313) is amended to read as follows:

``SEC. 973. SOLAR FUELS RESEARCH INITIATIVE.

    ``(a) Initiative.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out a research 
        initiative, to be known as the `Solar Fuels Research 
        Initiative' (referred to in this section as the `Initiative') 
        to expand theoretical and fundamental knowledge of 
        photochemistry, electrochemistry, biochemistry, and materials 
        science useful for the practical development of experimental 
        systems to convert solar energy to chemical energy.
            ``(2) Leveraging.--In carrying out programs and activities 
        under the Initiative, the Secretary shall leverage expertise 
        and resources from--
                    ``(A) the Basic Energy Sciences Program and the 
                Biological and Environmental Research Program of the 
                Office of Science; and
                    ``(B) the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable 
                Energy.
            ``(3) Teams.--
                    ``(A) In general.--In carrying out the Initiative, 
                the Secretary shall organize activities among 
                multidisciplinary teams to leverage, to the maximum 
                extent practicable, expertise from the National 
                Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and the 
                private sector.
                    ``(B) Goals.--The multidisciplinary teams described 
                in subparagraph (A) shall pursue aggressive, milestone-
                driven, basic research goals.
                    ``(C) Resources.--The Secretary shall provide 
                sufficient resources to the multidisciplinary teams 
                described in subparagraph (A) to achieve the goals 
                described in subparagraph (B) over a period of time to 
                be determined by the Secretary.
            ``(4) Additional activities.--The Secretary may organize 
        additional activities under this subsection through Energy 
        Frontier Research Centers, Energy Innovation Hubs, or other 
        organizational structures.
    ``(b) Artificial Photosynthesis.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out under the 
        Initiative a program to support research needed to bridge 
        scientific barriers to, and discover knowledge relevant to, 
        artificial photosynthetic systems.
            ``(2) Activities.--As part of the program described in 
        paragraph (1)--
                    ``(A) the Director of the Office of Basic Energy 
                Sciences shall support basic research to pursue 
                distinct lines of scientific inquiry, including--
                            ``(i) photoinduced production of hydrogen 
                        and oxygen from water; and
                            ``(ii) the sustainable photoinduced 
                        reduction of carbon dioxide to fuel products 
                        including hydrocarbons, alcohols, carbon 
                        monoxide, and natural gas; and
                    ``(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency 
                and Renewable Energy shall support translational 
                research, development, and validation of physical 
                concepts developed under the program.
            ``(3) Standard of review.--The Secretary shall review 
        activities carried out under the program described in paragraph 
        (1) to determine the achievement of technical milestones.
            ``(4) Funding.--
                    ``(A) In general.--From within funds authorized to 
                be appropriated under section 11 of the Department of 
                Energy Science and Innovation Act of 2018, for Basic 
                Energy Sciences, the Secretary shall make available for 
                carrying out activities under this subsection 
                $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2018 through 2019.
                    ``(B) Prohibition.--No funds allocated to the 
                program described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or 
                expended for commercial application of energy 
                technology.
    ``(c) Biochemistry, Replication of Natural Photosynthesis, and 
Related Processes.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out under the 
        Initiative a program to support research needed to replicate 
        natural photosynthetic processes by use of artificial 
        photosynthetic components and materials.
            ``(2) Activities.--As part of the program described in 
        paragraph (1)--
                    ``(A) the Director of the Office of Basic Energy 
                Sciences shall support basic research to expand 
                fundamental knowledge to replicate natural synthesis 
                processes, including--
                            ``(i) the photoinduced reduction of 
                        dinitrogen to ammonia;
                            ``(ii) the absorption of carbon dioxide 
                        from ambient air;
                            ``(iii) molecular-based charge separation 
                        and storage;
                            ``(iv) photoinitiated electron transfer; 
                        and
                            ``(v) catalysis in biological or biomimetic 
                        systems;
                    ``(B) the Associate Director of Biological and 
                Environmental Research shall support systems biology 
                and genomics approaches to understand genetic and 
                physiological pathways connected to photosynthetic 
                mechanisms; and
                    ``(C) the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency 
                and Renewable Energy shall support translational 
                research, development, and validation of physical 
                concepts developed under the program.
            ``(3) Standard of review.--The Secretary shall review 
        activities carried out under the program described in paragraph 
        (1) to determine the achievement of technical milestones.
            ``(4) Funding.--
                    ``(A) In general.--From within funds authorized to 
                be appropriated under section 11 of the Department of 
                Energy Science and Innovation Act of 2018, for Basic 
                Energy Sciences and Biological and Environmental 
                Research, the Secretary shall make available for 
                carrying out activities under this subsection 
                $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2018 through 2019.
                    ``(B) Prohibition.--No funds allocated to the 
                program described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or 
                expended for commercial application of energy 
                technology.''.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--The table of contents for the 
        Energy Policy Act of 2005 is amended by striking the item 
        relating to section 973 and inserting the following:

``Sec. 973. Solar fuels research initiative.''.
    (g) Electricity Storage Research Initiative.--
            (1) In general.--Section 975 of the Energy Policy Act of 
        2005 (42 U.S.C. 16315) is amended to read as follows:

``SEC. 975. ELECTRICITY STORAGE RESEARCH INITIATIVE.

    ``(a) Initiative.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out a research 
        initiative, to be known as the `Electricity Storage Research 
        Initiative' (referred to in this section as the `Initiative')--
                    ``(A) to expand theoretical and fundamental 
                knowledge to control, store, and convert--
                            ``(i) electrical energy to chemical energy; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) chemical energy to electrical 
                        energy; and
                    ``(B) to support scientific inquiry into the 
                practical understanding of chemical and physical 
                processes that occur within systems involving 
                crystalline and amorphous solids, polymers, and organic 
                and aqueous liquids.
            ``(2) Leveraging.--In carrying out programs and activities 
        under the Initiative, the Secretary shall leverage expertise 
        and resources from--
                    ``(A) the Basic Energy Sciences Program, the 
                Advanced Scientific Computing Research Program, and the 
                Biological and Environmental Research Program of the 
                Office of Science; and
                    ``(B) the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable 
                Energy.
            ``(3) Teams.--
                    ``(A) In general.--In carrying out the Initiative, 
                the Secretary shall organize activities among 
                multidisciplinary teams to leverage, to the maximum 
                extent practicable, expertise from the National 
                Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and the 
                private sector.
                    ``(B) Goals.--The multidisciplinary teams described 
                in subparagraph (A) shall pursue aggressive, milestone-
                driven, basic research goals.
                    ``(C) Resources.--The Secretary shall provide 
                sufficient resources to the multidisciplinary teams 
                described in subparagraph (A) to achieve the goals 
                described in subparagraph (B) over a period of time to 
                be determined by the Secretary.
            ``(4) Additional activities.--The Secretary may organize 
        additional activities under this subsection through Energy 
        Frontier Research Centers, Energy Innovation Hubs, or other 
        organizational structures.
    ``(b) Multivalent Systems.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out under the 
        Initiative a program to support research needed to bridge 
        scientific barriers to, and discover knowledge relevant to, 
        multivalent ion materials in electric energy storage systems.
            ``(2) Activities.--As part of the program described in 
        paragraph (1)--
                    ``(A) the Director of the Office of Basic Energy 
                Sciences shall investigate electrochemical properties 
                and the dynamics of materials, including charge 
                transfer phenomena and mass transport in materials; and
                    ``(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency 
                and Renewable Energy shall support translational 
                research, development, and validation of physical 
                concepts developed under the program.
            ``(3) Standard of review.--The Secretary shall review 
        activities carried out under the program described in paragraph 
        (1) to determine the achievement of technical milestones.
            ``(4) Funding.--
                    ``(A) In general.--From within funds authorized to 
                be appropriated under section 11 of the Department of 
                Energy Science and Innovation Act of 2018, for Basic 
                Energy Sciences and Biological and Environmental 
                Research, the Secretary shall make available for 
                carrying out activities under this subsection 
                $50,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2018 through 
                2019.
                    ``(B) Prohibition.--No funds allocated to the 
                program described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or 
                expended for commercial application of energy 
                technology.
    ``(c) Electrochemistry Modeling and Simulation.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out under the 
        Initiative a program to support research to model and simulate 
        organic electrolytes, including the static and dynamic 
        electrochemical behavior and phenomena of organic electrolytes 
        at the molecular and atomic level in monovalent and multivalent 
        systems.
            ``(2) Activities.--As part of the program described in 
        paragraph (1)--
                    ``(A) the Director of the Office of Basic Energy 
                Sciences, in coordination with the Associate Director 
                of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, shall 
                support the development of high performance 
                computational tools through a joint development process 
                to maximize the effectiveness of current and projected 
                high performance computing systems; and
                    ``(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency 
                and Renewable Energy shall support translational 
                research, development, and validation of physical 
                concepts developed under the program.
            ``(3) Standard of review.--The Secretary shall review 
        activities carried out under the program described in paragraph 
        (1) to determine the achievement of technical milestones.
            ``(4) Funding.--
                    ``(A) In general.--From within funds authorized to 
                be appropriated under section 11 of the Department of 
                Energy Science and Innovation Act of 2018, for Basic 
                Energy Sciences and Advanced Scientific Computing 
                Research, the Secretary shall make available for 
                carrying out activities under this subsection 
                $30,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2018 through 
                2019.
                    ``(B) Prohibition.--No funds allocated to the 
                program described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or 
                expended for commercial application of energy 
                technology.
    ``(d) Mesoscale Electrochemistry.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out under the 
        Initiative a program to support research needed to reveal 
        electrochemistry in confined mesoscale spaces, including 
        scientific discoveries relevant to--
                    ``(A) bio-electrochemistry and electrochemical 
                energy conversion and storage in confined spaces; and
                    ``(B) the dynamics of the phenomena described in 
                subparagraph (A).
            ``(2) Activities.--As part of the program described in 
        paragraph (1)--
                    ``(A) the Director of the Office of Basic Energy 
                Sciences and the Associate Director of Biological and 
                Environmental Research shall investigate phenomena of 
                mesoscale electrochemical confinement for the purpose 
                of replicating and controlling new electrochemical 
                behavior; and
                    ``(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency 
                and Renewable Energy shall support translational 
                research, development, and validation of physical 
                concepts developed under the program.
            ``(3) Standard of review.--The Secretary shall review 
        activities carried out under the program described in paragraph 
        (1) to determine the achievement of technical milestones.
            ``(4) Funding.--
                    ``(A) In general.--From within funds authorized to 
                be appropriated under section 11 of the Department of 
                Energy Science and Innovation Act of 2018, for Basic 
                Energy Sciences and Biological and Environmental 
                Research, the Secretary shall make available for 
                carrying out activities under this subsection 
                $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2018 through 2019.
                    ``(B) Prohibition.--No funds allocated to the 
                program described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or 
                expended for commercial application of energy 
                technology.''.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--The table of contents for the 
        Energy Policy Act of 2005 is amended by striking the item 
        relating to section 975 and inserting the following:

``Sec. 975. Electricity storage research initiative.''.
    (h) Energy Frontier Research Centers.--
            (1) In general.--The Director shall carry out a program to 
        provide awards, on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis, to 
        multi-institutional collaborations or other appropriate 
        entities to conduct fundamental and use-inspired energy 
        research to accelerate scientific breakthroughs.
            (2) Collaborations.--A collaboration receiving an award 
        under this subsection may include multiple types of 
        institutions and private sector entities.
            (3) Selection and duration.--
                    (A) In general.--A collaboration under this 
                subsection shall be selected for a period of 4 years.
                    (B) Existing centers.--An Energy Frontier Research 
                Center in existence and supported by the Director on 
                the date of enactment of this Act may continue to 
                receive support for a period of 4 years beginning on 
                the date of establishment of that center.
                    (C) Reapplication.--After the end of the period 
                described in subparagraph (A) or (B), as applicable, a 
                recipient of an award may reapply for selection on a 
                competitive, merit-reviewed basis.
                    (D) Termination.--Consistent with the existing 
                authorities of the Department, the Director may 
                terminate an underperforming center for cause during 
                the performance period.
    (i) Materials Research Database.--
            (1) In general.--As part of the program in materials 
        sciences and engineering, the Director shall support the 
        development of a web-based platform to provide access to a 
        database of computed information on known and predicted 
        materials properties and computational tools to accelerate 
        breakthroughs in materials discovery and design.
            (2) In carrying out this section, the Director shall--
                    (A) conduct cooperative research with industry, 
                academia, and other research institutions to facilitate 
                the design of novel materials;
                    (B) leverage existing high performance computing 
                systems to conduct high-throughput calculations, and 
                develop computational and data mining algorithms for 
                the prediction of material properties;
                    (C) advance understanding, prediction, and 
                manipulation of materials;
                    (D) strengthen the foundation for new technologies 
                and advanced manufacturing; and
                    (E) drive the development of advanced materials for 
                applications that span the Department's missions in 
                energy, environment, and national security.
            (3) In carrying out this section, the Director shall 
        leverage programs and activities across the Department.

SEC. 5. ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING RESEARCH.

    (a) Program.--The Director shall carry out a research, development, 
and demonstration program to advance computational and networking 
capabilities to analyze, model, simulate, and predict complex phenomena 
relevant to the development of new energy technologies and the 
competitiveness of the United States.
    (b) American Super Computing Leadership.--
            (1) Renaming of act.--
                    (A) In general.--Section 1 of the Department of 
                Energy High-End Computing Revitalization Act of 2004 
                (15 U.S.C. 5501 note; Public Law 108-423) is amended by 
                striking ``Department of Energy High-End Computing 
                Revitalization Act of 2004'' and inserting ``American 
                Super Computing Leadership Act''.
                    (B) Conforming amendment.--Section 976(a)(1) of the 
                Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16316(1)) is 
                amended by striking ``Department of Energy High-End 
                Computing Revitalization Act of 2004'' and inserting 
                ``American Super Computing Leadership Act''.
            (2) Definitions.--Section 2 of the American Super Computing 
        Leadership Act (15 U.S.C. 5541), as renamed by paragraph (1), 
        is amended--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (5) as 
                paragraphs (3) through (6), respectively;
                    (B) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(1) Department.--The term `Department' means the 
        Department of Energy.
            ``(2) Exascale computing.--The term `exascale computing' 
        means computing through the use of a computing machine that 
        performs near or above 10 to the 18th power operations per 
        second.''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (6) (as redesignated by 
                subparagraph (A)), by striking ``, acting through the 
                Director of the Office of Science of the Department of 
                Energy''.
            (3) Department of energy high-end computing research and 
        development program.--Section 3 of the American Super Computing 
        Leadership Act (15 U.S.C. 5542), as renamed by paragraph (1), 
        is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)(1), by striking ``program'' 
                and inserting ``coordinated program across the 
                Department'';
                    (B) in subsection (b)(2), by striking ``, which 
                may'' and all that follows through ``multithreading 
                architectures''; and
                    (C) by striking subsection (d) and inserting the 
                following:
    ``(d) Exascale Computing Program.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall conduct a research 
        program (referred to in this subsection as the `Program') for 
        exascale computing, including the development of two or more 
        exascale computing machine architectures, to promote the 
        missions of the Department.
            ``(2) Execution.--
                    ``(A) In general.--In carrying out the Program, the 
                Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) establish a National Laboratory 
                        partnership for industry partners and 
                        institutions of higher education for codesign 
                        of exascale hardware, technology, software, and 
                        applications across all applicable 
                        organizations of the Department;
                            ``(ii) acquire multiple exascale computing 
                        systems at the existing Departmental facilities 
                        that represent at least two distinct technology 
                        options developed under clause (i);
                            ``(iii) develop such advancements in 
                        hardware and software technology as are 
                        required to fully realize the potential of an 
                        exascale production system in addressing 
                        Department target applications and solving 
                        scientific problems involving predictive 
                        modeling and simulation, large scale data 
                        analytics and management, and artificial 
                        intelligence;
                            ``(iv) explore the use of exascale 
                        computing technologies to advance a broad range 
                        of science and engineering; and
                            ``(v) provide, as appropriate, on a 
                        competitive, merit-reviewed basis, access for 
                        researchers in industries in the United States, 
                        institutions of higher education, National 
                        Laboratories, and other Federal agencies to the 
                        exascale computing systems developed pursuant 
                        to clause (i).
                    ``(B) Selection of partners.--The Secretary shall 
                select the partnerships with the computing facilities 
                of the Department under subparagraph (A) through a 
                competitive, peer-review process.
            ``(3) Codesign and application development.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) carry out the Program through an 
                        integration of applications, computer science, 
                        applied mathematics, and computer hardware 
                        architecture using the partnerships established 
                        pursuant to paragraph (2) to ensure that, to 
                        the maximum extent practicable, two or more 
                        exascale computing machine architectures are 
                        capable of solving Department target 
                        applications and broader scientific problems, 
                        including predictive modeling and simulation, 
                        large scale data analytics and management, and 
                        artificial intelligence; and
                            ``(ii) conduct outreach programs to 
                        increase the readiness for the use of such 
                        platforms by domestic industries, including 
                        manufacturers.
                    ``(B) Report.--(i) The Secretary shall submit to 
                Congress a report describing how the integration under 
                subparagraph (A) is furthering application science data 
                and computational workloads across application 
                interests, including national security, material 
                science, physical science, cybersecurity, biological 
                science, the Materials Genome and BRAIN Initiatives of 
                the President, advanced manufacturing, and the national 
                electric grid.
                    ``(ii) The roles and responsibilities of National 
                Laboratories and industry, including the definition of 
                the roles and responsibilities within the Department to 
                ensure an integrated program across the Department.
            ``(4) Project review.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The exascale architectures 
                developed pursuant to partnerships established pursuant 
                to paragraph (2) shall be reviewed through a project 
                review process.
                    ``(B) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the 
                date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary 
                shall submit to Congress a report on--
                            ``(i) the results of the review conducted 
                        under subparagraph (A); and
                            ``(ii) the coordination and management of 
                        the Program to ensure an integrated research 
                        program across the Department.
            ``(5) Annual reports.--At the time of the budget submission 
        of the Department for each fiscal year, the Secretary, in 
        consultation with the members of the partnerships established 
        pursuant to paragraph (2), shall submit to Congress a report 
        that describes funding for the Program as a whole by functional 
        element of the Department and critical milestones.''.
    (c) High-Performance Computing and Networking Research.--The 
Director shall support research in high-performance computing and 
networking relevant to energy applications, including modeling, 
simulation, machine learning, and advanced data analytics for basic and 
applied energy research programs carried out by the Secretary.
    (d) Applied Mathematics and Software Development for High-End 
Computing Systems, Computational, and Computer Sciences Research.--
            (1) In general.--The Director shall carry out activities to 
        develop, test, and support--
                    (A) mathematics, models, statistics, and algorithms 
                for complex systems and programming environments; and
                    (B) tools, languages, and operations for high-end 
                computing systems (as defined in section 2 of the 
                American Super Computing Leadership Act (15 U.S.C. 
                5541), as renamed by this section).
            (2) Portfolio balance.--The Director shall maintain a 
        balanced portfolio within the advanced scientific computing 
        research and development program established under section 976 
        of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16316) that 
        supports robust investment in applied mathematical, 
        computational, and computer sciences research while 
        accommodating necessary investments in high-performance 
        computing hardware and facilities.
    (e) Workforce Development.--The Director of the Office of Advanced 
Scientific Computing Research shall support the development of a 
computational science workforce through a program that--
            (1) facilitates collaboration between university students 
        and researchers at the National Laboratories; and
            (2) endeavors to advance science in areas relevant to the 
        mission of the Department through the application of 
        computational science.

SEC. 6. HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS.

    (a) Program.--The Director shall carry out a research program on 
the fundamental constituents of matter and energy and the nature of 
space and time.
    (b) Mission.--The mission of the program described in subsection 
(a) shall be to support theoretical and experimental research in both 
elementary particle physics and fundamental accelerator science and 
technology to understand fundamental properties of the universe.
    (c) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of the Congress that--
            (1) the Director should incorporate the findings and 
        recommendations of the Particle Physics Project Prioritization 
        Panel's report entitled ``Building for Discovery: Strategic 
        Plan for U.S. Particle Physics in the Global Context'', into 
        the Department's planning process as part of the program 
        described in subsection (a);
            (2) the Director should prioritize domestically hosted 
        research projects that will maintain the United States position 
        as a global leader in particle physics and attract the world's 
        most talented physicists and foreign investment for 
        international collaboration; and
            (3) the nations that lead in particle physics by hosting 
        international teams dedicated to a common scientific goal 
        attract the world's best talent and inspire future generations 
        of physicists and technologists.
    (d) Neutrino Research.--As part of the program described in 
subsection (a), the Director shall carry out research activities on 
rare decay processes and the nature of the neutrino, which may include 
collaborations with the National Science Foundation or international 
collaborations.
    (e) Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility for Deep Underground Neutrino 
Experiment.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for a Long-
        Baseline Neutrino Facility to facilitate the international Deep 
        Underground Neutrino Experiment to enable a program in neutrino 
        physics to measure the fundamental properties of neutrinos, 
        explore physics beyond the Standard Model, and better clarify 
        the nature of matter and antimatter.
            (2) Facility capabilities.--The Secretary shall ensure that 
        the facility described in paragraph (1) will provide, at a 
        minimum, the following capabilities:
                    (A) A broad-band neutrino beam capable of 1.2 
                megawatts (MW) of beam power and upgradable to 2.4 MW 
                of beam power.
                    (B) Four caverns excavated for a forty kiloton 
                fiducial detector mass and supporting surface buildings 
                and utilities.
                    (C) Neutrino detector facilities at both the Far 
                Site in South Dakota and the Near Site in Illinois to 
                categorize and study neutrinos on their 800-mile 
                journey between the two sites.
                    (D) Cryogenic systems to support neutrino 
                detectors.
            (3) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, to the 
        maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start of full 
        operations of the facility under this subsection occurs before 
        December 31, 2026.
            (4) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated 
        under section 11 for High Energy Physics, there shall be made 
        available to the Secretary to carry out activities, including 
        construction of the facility, under this subsection--
                    (A) $95,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and
                    (B) $175,000,000 for fiscal year 2019.
            (5) Dark energy and dark matter research.--As part of the 
        program described in paragraph (1), the Director shall carry 
        out research activities on the nature of dark energy and dark 
        matter, which may include collaborations with the National 
        Aeronautics and Space Administration or the National Science 
        Foundation, or international collaborations.
            (6) International collaboration.--The Director, as 
        practicable and in coordination with other appropriate Federal 
        agencies as necessary, shall ensure the access of United States 
        researchers to the most advanced accelerator facilities and 
        research capabilities in the world, including the Large Hadron 
        Collider.

SEC. 7. BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH.

    (a) Program.--The Director shall carry out a program of basic 
research in the areas of biological systems science and environmental 
science relevant to the development of new energy technologies and to 
support Department missions in energy, environment, and national 
security.
    (b) Biological Systems.--The Director shall carry out research and 
development activities in fundamental, structural, computational, and 
systems biology to increase systems-level understanding of the complex 
biological systems, which may include activities--
            (1) to accelerate breakthroughs and new knowledge that 
        would enable the cost-effective, sustainable production of--
                    (A) biomass-based liquid transportation fuels;
                    (B) bioenergy; and
                    (C) biobased materials;
            (2) to improve understanding of the global carbon cycle, 
        including processes for removing carbon dioxide from the 
        atmosphere, through photosynthesis and other biological 
        processes, for sequestration and storage; and
            (3) to understand the biological mechanisms used to 
        transform, immobilize, or remove contaminants from subsurface 
        environments.
    (c) Bioenergy Research Centers.--
            (1) In general.--In carrying out activities under 
        subsection (a), the Director shall select and establish up to 4 
        bioenergy research centers to conduct basic and fundamental 
        research in plant and microbial systems biology, bio imaging 
        and analysis, and genomics to inform the production of fuels, 
        chemicals from sustainable biomass resources, and to facilitate 
        the translation of basic research results to industry.
            (2) Selection.--The Director shall select centers under 
        paragraph (1) on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis. The 
        Director shall consider applications from National 
        Laboratories, multi-institutional collaborations, and other 
        appropriate entities.
            (3) Duration.--A center established under this subsection 
        shall receive support for a period of not more than 5 years, 
        subject to the availability of appropriations.
            (4) Existing centers.--The Director may select a center for 
        participation under this subsection that is in existence, or 
        undergoing a renewal process, on the date of enactment of this 
        Act. Such center shall be eligible to receive support for the 
        duration the 5-year period beginning on the date of 
        establishment of such center.
            (5) Renewal.--Upon the expiration of any period of support 
        of a center under this subsection, the Director may renew 
        support for the center, on a merit-reviewed basis, for a period 
        of not more than 5 years.
            (6) Termination.--Consistent with the existing authorities 
        of the Department, the Director may terminate an 
        underperforming center for cause during the performance period.
    (d) Low-Dose Radiation Research Program.--
            (1) In general.--Subtitle G of title IX of the Energy 
        Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16311 et seq.) is amended by 
        inserting after section 977 the following new section:

``SEC. 977A. LOW-DOSE RADIATION RESEARCH PROGRAM.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall carry out a basic research 
program on low-dose radiation to--
            ``(1) enhance the scientific understanding of, and reduce 
        uncertainties associated with, the effects of exposure to low-
        dose radiation; and
            ``(2) inform improved risk-assessment and risk-management 
        methods with respect to such radiation.
    ``(b) Program Components.--In carrying out the program required 
under subsection (a), the Secretary shall--
            ``(1) formulate scientific goals for low-dose radiation 
        basic research in the United States;
            ``(2) identify ongoing scientific challenges for 
        understanding the long-term effects of ionizing radiation on 
        biological systems;
            ``(3) develop a long-term strategic and prioritized basic 
        research agenda to address such scientific challenges in 
        coordination with other research efforts;
            ``(4) leverage the collective body of knowledge from 
        existing low-dose radiation research; and
            ``(5) engage with other Federal agencies, research 
        communities, and potential users of information produced under 
        this section, including institutions concerning radiation 
        research, medical physics, radiology, health physics, and 
        emergency response.
    ``(c) Coordination.--In carrying out the program, the Secretary, in 
coordination with the Physical Science Subcommittee of the National 
Science and Technology Council, shall--
            ``(1) support the directives under section 106 of the 
        American Innovation and Competitiveness Act (42 U.S.C. 6601 
        note);
            ``(2) ensure that the Office of Science of the Department 
        of Energy consults with the National Aeronautics and Space 
        Administration, the National Institutes of Health, the 
        Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Defense, the 
        Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and the Department of Homeland 
        Security;
            ``(3) advise and assist the National Science and Technology 
        Council on policies and initiatives in radiation biology, 
        including enhancing scientific knowledge of the effects of low-
        dose radiation on biological systems to improve radiation risk-
        assessment and risk-management methods; and
            ``(4) identify opportunities to stimulate international 
        cooperation relating to low-dose radiation and leverage 
        research and knowledge from sources outside of the United 
        States.
    ``(d) Research Plan.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall transmit to the Committee on 
Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a 4-year 
research plan that identifies and prioritizes basic research needs 
relating to low-dose radiation. In developing such plan, the Secretary 
shall incorporate the components described in subsection (b).
    ``(e) Definition of Low-Dose Radiation.--In this section, the term 
`low-dose radiation' means a radiation dose of less than 100 
millisieverts.
    ``(f) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be 
construed to subject any research carried out by the Secretary for the 
program under this section to any limitations described in 977(e) of 
the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16317(e)).
    ``(g) Funding.--From within funds authorized to be appropriated 
under section 11 of the Department of Energy Science and Innovation Act 
of 2018, for Biological and Environmental Research, the Secretary make 
available to carry out this section--
            ``(1) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and
            ``(2) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2019.''.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--The table of contents for 
        subtitle G of title IX of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 is 
        amended by inserting after the item relating to section 977 the 
        following:

``977A. Low-dose radiation research program.''.
    (e) Limitation for Research Funds.--The Director shall not approve 
new climate science-related initiatives without making a determination 
that such work is well-coordinated with any relevant work carried out 
by other Federal agencies.

SEC. 8. FUSION ENERGY.

    (a) Program.--The Director shall carry out a fusion energy sciences 
research program to expand the understanding of plasmas and matter at 
very high temperatures and densities and build the science and 
engineering foundation needed to develop a fusion energy source.
    (b) Inertial Fusion Energy Research and Development Program.--The 
Secretary shall carry out a program of research and technology 
development in inertial fusion for energy applications, including ion 
beam, laser, and pulsed power fusion systems.
    (c) Tokamak Research and Development.--
            (1) In general.--The Director shall support research and 
        development activities and facility operations to optimize the 
        tokamak approach to fusion energy.
            (2) International thermonuclear experimental reactor 
        construction.--Section 972 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
        U.S.C. 16312) is amended by adding section the following new 
        paragraph:
            ``(6) ITER construction.--
                    ``(A) In general.--There is authorized United 
                States participation in the construction and operations 
                of the ITER project, as agreed to under the April 25, 
                2007 `Agreement on the Establishment of the ITER 
                International Fusion Energy Organization for the Joint 
                Implementation of the ITER Project.'.
                    ``(B) Facility requirements.--The Secretary shall 
                ensure that the mission-oriented user facility will 
                enable the study of a burning plasma, and shall be 
                built to have the following characteristics in its full 
                configuration:
                            ``(i) A tokamak device with a plasma radius 
                        of 6.2 meters and a magnetic field of 5.3 T.
                            ``(ii) Capable of creating and sustaining a 
                        15-million-Ampere plasma current for greater 
                        than 300 seconds.
    ``(c) Authorization of Appropriations.--From within funds 
authorized to be appropriated under section 11 of the Department of 
Energy Science and Innovation Act of 2018, for Fusion Energy Sciences, 
there is authorized for in-kind contributions under this section--
            ``(1) $122,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and
            ``(2) $163,000,000 for fiscal year 2019.
    ``(d) Authorization of Appropriations.--From within funds 
authorized to be appropriated under section 11 of the Department of 
Energy Science and Innovation Act of 2018, for Fusion Energy Sciences, 
there is authorized for cash contributions under this section--
            ``(1) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and
            ``(2) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2019.''.
    (d) Inertial Fusion Energy Research and Development.--The Director 
shall support research and development activities for inertial fusion 
for energy applications.
    (e) Alternative and Enabling Concepts.--
            (1) In general.--As part of the program described in 
        subsection (a), the Director shall support research and 
        development activities and facility operations at United States 
        universities, national laboratories, and private facilities for 
        a portfolio of alternative and enabling fusion energy concepts 
        that may provide solutions to significant challenges to the 
        establishment of a commercial magnetic fusion power plant, 
        prioritized based on the ability of the United States to play a 
        leadership role in the international fusion research community. 
        Fusion energy concepts and activities explored under this 
        paragraph may include--
                    (A) high magnetic field approaches facilitated by 
                high temperature superconductors;
                    (B) advanced stellarator concepts;
                    (C) non-tokamak confinement configurations 
                operating at low magnetic fields;
                    (D) magnetized target fusion energy concepts;
                    (E) liquid metals to address issues associated with 
                fusion plasma interactions with the inner wall of the 
                encasing device;
                    (F) immersion blankets for heat management and fuel 
                breeding;
                    (G) advanced scientific computing activities; and
                    (H) other promising fusion energy concepts 
                identified by the Director.
            (2) Coordination with arpa-e.--The Under Secretary and the 
        Director shall coordinate with the Director of the Advanced 
        Research Projects Agency-Energy (in this paragraph referred to 
        as ``ARPA-E'') to--
                    (A) assess the potential for any fusion energy 
                project supported by ARPA-E to represent a promising 
                approach to a commercially viable fusion power plant;
                    (B) determine whether the results of any fusion 
                energy project supported by ARPA-E merit the support of 
                follow-on research activities carried out by the Office 
                of Science; and
                    (C) avoid unintentional duplication of activities.
    (f) Coordination With ARPA-E.--The Director shall coordinate with 
the Director of the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (referred 
to in this subsection as ``ARPA-E'') to--
            (1) assess the potential for any fusion energy project 
        supported by ARPA-E to represent a promising approach to a 
        commercially viable fusion power plant;
            (2) determine whether the results of any fusion energy 
        project supported by ARPA-E merit the support of follow-on 
        research activities carried out by the Office of Science; and
            (3) avoid the unintentional duplication of activities.
    (g) Fairness in Competition for Solicitations for International 
Project Activities.--Section 33 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 
U.S.C. 2053) is amended by inserting before the first sentence the 
following: ``In this section, with respect to international research 
projects, the term `private facilities or laboratories' means 
facilities or laboratories located in the United States.''.
    (h) Identification of Priorities.--
            (1) Report.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the 
                date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall 
                submit to Congress a report on the fusion energy 
                research and development activities that the Department 
                proposes to carry out over the 10-year period following 
                the date of the report under not fewer than 3 realistic 
                budget scenarios, including a scenario based on 3-
                percent annual growth in the non-ITER portion of the 
                budget for fusion energy research and development 
                activities.
                    (B) Inclusions.--The report required under 
                subparagraph (A) shall--
                            (i) identify specific areas of fusion 
                        energy research and enabling technology 
                        development, including activities to advance 
                        inertial and alternative fusion energy 
                        concepts, in which the United States can and 
                        should establish or solidify a lead in the 
                        global fusion energy development effort;
                            (ii) identify priorities for initiation of 
                        facility construction and facility 
                        decommissioning under each of the three budget 
                        scenarios described in subparagraph (A); and
                            (iii) assess the ability of the fusion 
                        workforce of the United States to carry out the 
                        activities identified under clauses (i) and 
                        (ii), including the adequacy of programs at 
                        institutions of higher education in the United 
                        States to train the leaders and workers of the 
                        next generation of fusion energy researchers.
            (2) Process.--In order to develop the report required under 
        paragraph (1)(A), the Secretary shall leverage best practices 
        and lessons learned from the process used to develop the most 
        recent report of the Particle Physics Project Prioritization 
        Panel of the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel.
            (3) Requirement.--No member of the Fusion Energy Sciences 
        Advisory Committee shall be excluded from participating in 
        developing or voting on final approval of the report required 
        under paragraph (1)(A).

SEC. 9. NUCLEAR PHYSICS.

    (a) Program.--The Director shall carry out a program of 
experimental and theoretical research, and support associated 
facilities, to discover, explore, and understand all forms of nuclear 
matter.
    (b) Isotope Development and Production for Research Applications.--
The Director--
            (1) may carry out a program for the production of isotopes, 
        including the development of techniques to produce isotopes, 
        that the Secretary determines are needed for research, medical, 
        industrial, or related purposes; and
            (2) shall ensure that isotope production activities carried 
        out under the program under this paragraph do not compete with 
        private industry unless the Director determines that critical 
        national interests require the involvement of the Federal 
        Government.
    (c) Renaming of the Rare Isotope Accelerator.--Section 981 of the 
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16321) is amended--
            (1) in the section heading, by striking ``rare isotope 
        accelerator'' and inserting ``facility for rare isotope 
        beams''; and
            (2) by striking ``Rare Isotope Accelerator'' each place it 
        appears and inserting ``Facility for Rare Isotope Beams''.
    (d) Facility for Rare Isotope Beams.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for a Facility 
        for Rare Isotope Beams to advance the understanding of rare 
        nuclear isotopes and the evolution of the cosmos.
            (2) Facility capability.--In carrying out paragraph (1), 
        the Secretary shall provide for, at a minimum, a rare isotope 
        beam facility capable of 400 kW of beam power.
            (3) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, to the 
        maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start of full 
        operations of the facility under this subsection occurs before 
        June 30, 2022, with early operation in 2018.
            (4) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated 
        under section 11 for Nuclear Physics, there shall be made 
        available to the Secretary to carry out activities, including 
        construction of the facility, under this subsection--
                    (A) $101,200,000 for fiscal year 2018; and
                    (B) $86,000,000 for fiscal year 2019.

SEC. 10. SCIENCE LABORATORIES INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--The Director shall carry out a program to improve 
the safety, efficiency, and mission readiness of infrastructure at 
Office of Science laboratories. The program shall include projects to--
            (1) renovate or replace space that does not meet research 
        needs;
            (2) replace facilities that are no longer cost effective to 
        renovate or operate;
            (3) modernize utility systems to prevent failures and 
        ensure efficiency;
            (4) remove excess facilities to allow safe and efficient 
        operations; and
            (5) construct modern facilities to conduct advanced 
        research in controlled environmental conditions.
    (b) Approach.--In carrying out this section, the Director shall 
utilize all available approaches and mechanisms, including capital line 
items, minor construction projects, energy savings performance 
contracts, utility energy service contracts, alternative financing, and 
expense funding, as appropriate.

SEC. 11. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    (a) Fiscal Year 2018.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
the Secretary for the Office of Science for fiscal year 2018 
$6,259,903,000, of which--
            (1) $2,090,000,000 shall be for Basic Energy Science;
            (2) $908,000,000 shall be for High Energy Physics;
            (3) $673,000,000 shall be for Biological and Environmental 
        Research;
            (4) $684,000,000 shall be for Nuclear Physics;
            (5) $810,000,000 shall be for Advanced Scientific Computing 
        Research;
            (6) $532,111,000 shall be for Fusion Energy Sciences;
            (7) $257,292,000 shall be for Science Laboratories 
        Infrastructure;
            (8) $183,000,000 shall be for Science Program Direction;
            (9) $103,000,000 shall be for Safeguards and Security; and
            (10) $19,500,000 shall be for Workforce Development for 
        Teachers and Scientists.
    (b) Fiscal Year 2019.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
the Secretary for the Office of Science for fiscal year 2019 
$6,600,000,000, of which--
            (1) $2,129,233,000 shall be for Basic Energy Science;
            (2) $1,004,510,000 shall be for High Energy Physics;
            (3) $673,000,000 shall be for Biological and Environmental 
        Research;
            (4) $690,000,000 shall be for Nuclear Physics;
            (5) $899,010,000 shall be for Advanced Scientific Computing 
        Research;
            (6) $640,000,000 shall be for Fusion Energy Sciences;
            (7) $257,292,000 shall be for Science Laboratories 
        Infrastructure;
            (8) $181,345,000 shall be for Science Program Direction;
            (9) $106,110,000 shall be for Safeguards and Security; and
            (10) $19,500,000 shall be for Workforce Development for 
        Teachers and Scientists.
                                 <all>
```