SEC Petition Evaluation Report 

Petition SEC-00135 

Report Rev #: 0 Report Submittal Date: December 9, 2008 

Subject Expert(s): Larry Page 

Site Expert(s): N/A 

Petitioner Administrative Summary 

Petition Under Evaluation 

Petition # Petition 

Type 

Petition A 

Receipt Date DOE/AWE Facility Name 

SEC-00135 83.14 November 24, 2008 Metallurgical Laboratory 

NIOSH-Proposed Class Definition 

All AWE employees who worked at the Metallurgical Laboratory in Chicago, Illinois, from August 13, 1942 

through June 30, 1946, for a number of work days aggregating at least 250 work days, occurring either solely 

under this employment or in combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more 

other classes of employees in the SEC. 

Related Petition Summary Information 

SEC Petition Tracking #(s) Petition Type DOE/AWE Facility Name Petition Status 

None None None None 

Related Evaluation Report Information 

Report Title DOE/AWE Facility Name 

None None 

ORAU Lead Technical Evaluator: Larry Page ORAU Review Completed By: Michael Kubiak 

Peer Review Completed By: [Signature on file] 

LaVon B. Rutherford 

12/09/2008 

Date 

SEC Petition Evaluation Reviewed By: [Signature on file] 

J. W. Neton 

12/09/2008 

Date 

SEC Evaluation Approved By: [Signature on file] 

Larry Elliott 

12/09/2008 

Date 
SEC-00135 12-09-08 FINAL Metallurgical Laboratory 

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SEC-00135 12-09-08 FINAL Metallurgical Laboratory 

Evaluation Report Summary: SEC-00135, Metallurgical Laboratory 

This evaluation report by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 

addresses a class of employees proposed for addition to the Special Exposure Cohort (SEC) per the 

Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 

§ 7384 et seq. (EEOICPA) and 42 C.F.R. pt. 83, Procedures for Designating Classes of Employees 

as Members of the Special Exposure Cohort Under the Energy Employees Occupational Illness 

Compensation Program Act of 2000. 

NIOSH-Proposed Class Definition 

All AWE employees who worked at the Metallurgical Laboratory in Chicago, Illinois, from August 

13, 1942 through June 30, 1946, for a number of work days aggregating at least 250 work days, 

occurring either solely under this employment or in combination with work days within the 

parameters established for one or more other classes of employees in the SEC. 

Feasibility of Dose Reconstruction Findings 

NIOSH lacks sufficient information, which includes specific biological monitoring data, sufficient air 

monitoring information, or sufficient process and radiological source information, to allow it to 

estimate with sufficient accuracy the potential internal and external exposures to plutonium, radium, 

fission products, uranium, and uranium progeny to which the proposed class may have been subjected. 

NIOSH finds that it is likely feasible to reconstruct occupational medical dose for Metallurgical 

Laboratory workers with sufficient accuracy. 

•	 Principal sources of internal radiation for members of the proposed class included exposures to 

plutonium, fission products, uranium, and uranium progeny associated with experimental reactor 

and laboratory operations. A wide variety of material forms were encountered, including uranium 

powder, metal, and solutions. In many cases, experiments were performed on ores from other 

sites, or on leach liquors and other raffinates. 

•	 NIOSH has identified limited breath radon results, but lacks the information necessary to use the 

data to bound potential internal doses. No other personnel bioassay monitoring results have been 

located by NIOSH. 

•	 NIOSH has obtained limited air monitoring data for one laboratory location only. None of the air 

sample results obtained by NIOSH represent comprehensive sampling of the site activities, and are 

therefore insufficient to bound potential internal exposures. 

• Principal sources of external radiation for members of the proposed class included exposures to 

plutonium, fission products, uranium, and uranium progeny associated with experimental reactor 

and laboratory operations. NIOSH has external gamma dosimetry results for one energy 

employee. NIOSH has been unable to locate any additional external personnel monitoring data, 

and does not have access to sufficient individual monitoring data, process information, or source 

term information to enable it bound external exposures from all sources and radiation types. 

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•	 Pursuant to 42 C.F.R. § 83.13(c)(1), NIOSH determined that there is insufficient information to 

either: (1) estimate the maximum radiation dose, for every type of cancer for which radiation 

doses are reconstructed, that could have been incurred under plausible circumstances by any 

member of the class; or (2) estimate the radiation doses of members of the class more precisely 

than a maximum dose estimate. 

•	 Although NIOSH found that it is not possible to completely reconstruct radiation doses for 

Metallurgical Laboratory employees, NIOSH intends to use any available internal and external 

monitoring data that may be available for an individual claim (and that can be interpreted using 

existing NIOSH dose reconstruction processes or procedures). Furthermore, NIOSH has 

determined that occupational medical dose for all workers can be reconstructed. Therefore, dose 

reconstructions may be performed using these data, as appropriate, for individuals with 

non-presumptive cancers or fewer than 250 days employment during the class period. 

Health Endangerment Determination 

The NIOSH evaluation did not identify any evidence supplied by the petitioners or from other 

resources that would establish that the class was exposed to radiation during a discrete incident likely 

to have involved exceptionally high-level exposures, such as nuclear criticality incidents or other 

events involving similarly high levels of exposures. However, the evidence reviewed in this 

evaluation indicates that some workers in the class may have accumulated chronic radiation exposures 

through intakes of radionuclides and from direct exposure to radioactive materials. Therefore, 42 

C.F.R. § 83.13(c)(3)(ii) requires NIOSH to specify that health may have been endangered for those 

workers covered by this evaluation who were employed for a number of work days aggregating at 

least 250 work days within the parameters established for this class or in combination with work days 

within the parameters established for one or more other classes of employees in the SEC. 

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Table of Contents 

Evaluation Report Summary: SEC-00135, Metallurgical Laboratory .................................................... 3 

1.0 Purpose and Scope....................................................................................................................... 7 

2.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 7 

3.0 NIOSH-Proposed Class Definition and Petition Basis................................................................ 8 

4.0 Radiological Operations Relevant to the Proposed Class ........................................................... 8 

4.1 Operations Description ....................................................................................................... 8 

4.2 Radiation Exposure Potential from Operations ................................................................ 10 

4.3 Time Period Associated with Radiological Operations.................................................... 11 

4.4 Site Locations Associated with Radiological Operations ................................................ 11 

4.5 Job Descriptions Affected by Radiological Operations ................................................... 11 

5.0 Summary of Available Monitoring Data for the Proposed Class .............................................. 12 

5.1 Data Capture Efforts and Sources Reviewed ................................................................... 12 

5.2 Worker Interviews ............................................................................................................ 12 

5.3 Internal Personnel Monitoring Data ................................................................................. 13 

5.4 External Personnel Monitoring Data ................................................................................ 13 

5.5 Workplace Monitoring Data............................................................................................. 13 

5.6 Radiological Source Term Data ....................................................................................... 13 

6.0 Feasibility of Dose Reconstruction for the Proposed Class ...................................................... 14 

6.1 Feasibility of Estimating Internal Exposures ................................................................... 14 

6.2 Feasibility of Estimating External Exposures .................................................................. 15 

6.3 Class Parameters Associated with Infeasibility................................................................ 15 

7.0 Summary of Feasibility Findings for Petition SEC-00135........................................................ 16 

8.0 Evaluation of Health Endangerment for Petition SEC-00135................................................... 16 

9.0 NIOSH-Proposed Class for Petition SEC-00135 ...................................................................... 17 

10.0 Evaluation of Second Similar Class .......................................................................................... 17 

11.0 References ................................................................................................................................. 19 

Attachment 1: Data Capture Synopses .................................................................................................. 21 

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SEC-00135 12-09-08 FINAL Metallurgical Laboratory 

SEC Petition Evaluation Report for SEC-00135
 

ATTRIBUTION AND ANNOTATION: This is a single-author document. All conclusions drawn from 

the data presented in this evaluation were made by the ORAU Team Lead Technical Evaluator: Larry 

Page; MJW Corporation, Inc. These conclusions were peer-reviewed by the individuals listed on the 

cover page. The rationales for all conclusions in this document are explained in the associated text. 

1.0 Purpose and Scope 

This report evaluates the feasibility of reconstructing doses for employees who worked at the 

Metallurgical Laboratory (Met Lab) during a specified time. It provides information and analysis 

germane to considering a petition for adding a class of employees to the Congressionally-created SEC. 

This report does not make any determinations concerning the feasibility of dose reconstruction that 

necessarily apply to any individual energy employee who might require a dose reconstruction from 

NIOSH, with the exception of the employee whose dose reconstruction could not be completed, and 

whose claim consequently led to this petition evaluation. The finding in this report is not the final 

determination as to whether or not the proposed class will be added to the SEC. This report will be 

considered by the Advisory Board on Radiation and Worker Health (the Board) and by the Secretary 

of Health and Human Services (HHS). The Secretary of HHS will make final decisions concerning 

whether or not to add one or more classes to the SEC in response to the petition addressed by this 

report. 

This evaluation, in which NIOSH provides its findings both on the feasibility of estimating radiation 

doses of members of this class with sufficient accuracy and on health endangerment, was conducted in 

accordance with the requirements of EEOICPA and 42 C.F.R. § 83.14. 

2.0 Introduction 

Both EEOICPA and 42 C.F.R. pt. 83 require NIOSH to evaluate qualified petitions requesting that the 

Department of Health and Human Services add a class of employees to the SEC. The evaluation is 

intended to provide a fair, science-based determination of whether it is feasible to estimate, with 

sufficient accuracy, the radiation doses of the proposed class of employees through NIOSH dose 

reconstructions.1 

NIOSH is required to document its evaluation in a report, and to do so, relies upon both its own dose 

reconstruction expertise as well as technical support from its contractor, Oak Ridge Associated 

Universities (ORAU). Once completed, NIOSH provides the report to both the petitioners and the 

Advisory Board on Radiation and Worker Health. The Board will consider the NIOSH evaluation 

report, together with the petition, comments of the petitioner(s) and such other information as the 

Board considers appropriate, to make recommendations to the Secretary of HHS on whether or not to 

add one or more classes of employees to the SEC. Once NIOSH has received and considered the 

advice of the Board, the Director of NIOSH will propose a decision on behalf of HHS. The Secretary 

1

 NIOSH dose reconstructions under EEOICPA are performed using the methods promulgated under 42 C.F.R. pt. 82 and 

the detailed implementation guidelines available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas. 

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of HHS will make the final decision, taking into account the NIOSH evaluation, the advice of the 

Board, and the proposed decision issued by NIOSH. As part of this final decision process, the 

petitioner(s) may seek a review of certain types of final decisions issued by the Secretary of HHS.2 

3.0 NIOSH-Proposed Class Definition and Petition Basis 

The NIOSH-proposed class includes all AWE employees who worked at the Metallurgical Laboratory 

in Chicago, Illinois, from August 13, 1942 through June 30, 1946, for a number of work days 

aggregating at least 250 work days, occurring either solely under this employment or in combination 

with work days within the parameters established for one or more other classes of employees in the 

SEC. During this period, employees at this facility were involved with production and purification of 

plutonium, fission product research, and nuclear reactor experimentation. 

The evaluation responds to Petition SEC-00135 which was submitted by an EEOICPA claimant 

whose dose reconstruction could not be completed by NIOSH due to a lack of sufficient dosimetryrelated information. This claimant was employed as a medical technician from 1943 through 1953. 

NIOSH’s determination that it is unable to complete a dose reconstruction for an EEOICPA claimant 

is a qualified basis for submitting an SEC petition pursuant to 42 C.F.R. § 83.9(b). 

4.0 Radiological Operations Relevant to the Proposed Class 

The following subsections summarize the radiological operations at the Metallurgical Laboratory from 

August 13, 1942 through June 30, 1946 and the information available to NIOSH to characterize 

particular processes and radioactive source materials. Using available sources, NIOSH has attempted 

to gather process and source descriptions, information regarding the identity and quantities of 

radionuclides of concern, and information describing processes through which the radiation exposures 

of concern may have occurred and the physical environment in which they may have occurred. The 

information included within this evaluation report is meant only to be a summary of the available 

information. 

4.1 Operations Description 

The University of Chicago was one of the focal points for activities conducted in support of atomic 

bomb development during World War II. The first contract with the university was initiated by the 

Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) in January, 1942 (Summary, 1951). On 

August 13 of that year, the Manhattan Engineering District (MED) was established within the U.S. 

Army Corps of Engineers; the contract with the University of Chicago was transferred from OSRD to 

MED in May, 1943. This represented a consolidation of work which had been conducted by a variety 

of groups at several universities since 1939 (Summary, 1951). 

2 See 42 C.F.R. pt. 83 for a full description of the procedures summarized here. Additional internal procedures are 

available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas. 

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The primary goal of the University of Chicago work was the development of methods for the 

production and purification of plutonium. Since plutonium production occurs when uranium absorbs 

neutrons, a facility was needed to provide a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction. The first such 

“pile,” later called CP-1, was constructed of uranium and graphite beneath the west stands of Stagg 

Field, under the direction of Dr. Enrico Fermi. A self-sustaining chain reaction occurred in 

December, 1942 (Chronology, 1944). In early 1943, CP-1 was dismantled and materials from that 

pile were moved to the Argonne Forest (later Argonne National Laboratory [ANL]). CP-1 materials 

were used to construct CP-2, which was designed for continuing research into neutron capture 

probabilities and instrumentation systems (Final Reactor Design, 2008). 

Additional research and development programs were conducted for the MED throughout World War 

II in support of the atomic bomb project (Decontamination, 1983). In January 1947, the Atomic 

Energy Commission (AEC) succeeded the MED as the governmental organization in charge of 

nuclear programs. 

The Metallurgical Laboratory site occupied part of the University of Chicago, primarily using seven 

locations on the campus: 

•	 New Chemistry Laboratory and Annex and Ricketts Laboratory: These facilities were used for 

plutonium and uranium research. They were decontaminated and demolished after establishment 

of ANL. Soil samples were taken in these areas in 1977. Earlier survey and air sample results 

were available, but only for 1946, and they were incomplete regarding radionuclide information 

(Wynveen, 1977). 

•	 West Stands: The area where CP-1 was constructed and the first self-sustaining chain reaction was 

created. CP-1 operated into early 1943, when it was disassembled and reconstructed at ANL as 

CP-2. Soil samples were taken in this area in 1977. Records indicate that neptunium work was 

conducted in this location after removal of CP-1. Additional radiological work may have occurred 

(Wynveen, 1977). 

•	 Ryerson Physical Laboratory: According to information obtained by the ANL MED/AEC 

Resurvey Group, this facility performed research with radium-226. The lab was surveyed in 1977. 

No earlier survey results were available (Decontamination, 1983). 

•	 Eckhardt Hall: According to information obtained by the ANL MED/AEC Resurvey Group, this 

facility performed research with radium-226. It was surveyed in 1977. NIOSH has been unable 

locate any earlier survey results (Decontamination, 1983). 

•	 Kent Chemical Laboratory: According to information obtained by the ANL MED/AEC Resurvey 

Group, this facility performed research with plutonium, radium, and uranium. It was surveyed in 

1977. No earlier survey results were available (Resurvey, 1977). 

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•	 Jones Chemical Laboratory: According to information obtained by the ANL MED/AEC Resurvey 

Group, this facility performed research with radium-226. It was surveyed in 1977. No earlier 

survey results were available (Resurvey, 1977). 

Other University of Chicago locations appear to have been used for medical radiological 

experimentation and radiological storage facilities (Buildings, 1980). 

4.2 Radiation Exposure Potential from Operations 

The potential for radiation exposure existed at all locations where radioactive materials were handled 

or stored. ORAUT has identified some documentation describing a variety of projects involving 

raffinates from different sites (Samples, 1943), but with no specific information regarding their 

physical storage, use location, or the length of time that the material from each site remained at the 

Met Lab. 

NIOSH has minimal information detailing the quantities of radioactive materials maintained or 

generated on site. Most available information is in the form of monthly progress reports. Available 

records indicate that a wide variety of material forms were used during research, including uranium 

powder, metal, and solutions (Samples, 1943). In many cases, experiments were performed on ores 

from other sites, or on leach liquors and other raffinates (Samples, 1943). Available records indicate 

that research was ongoing, but they do not indicate when research was started or discontinued, or 

when materials were removed from the site (if at all) during the covered period. 

Experimental activities were conducted in which uranium and decay chain radionuclides were 

chemically separated from each other and reconcentrated so that they were frequently not in 

equilibrium; the degree of disequilibrium usually unknown. Due to the separation of uranium and 

uranium progeny radionuclides, uranium urinalysis methods would not be sufficient to quantify 

intakes of non-uranium radionuclides. The only bioassay records found by NIOSH were a small set of 

breath radon analyses performed in February and May, 1945 (Mears, 1945). 

The primary mission at the Met Lab was determining methods for producing and purifying plutonium 

(Summary, 1951). NIOSH has been unable to locate information describing the actual amount of 

plutonium produced per unit time. There are no bioassay results for plutonium available in the 

records. 

Biological research and research into potential military applications was performed using fission 

products; this included injection of animals and long-term dust exposure tests (Plutonium, 1945; 

Reports, 1943). NIOSH has found no external dose data, air sampling data, or bioassay data related to 

the use of these radionuclides. 

The piles (later called reactors) were used to prove that self-sustaining chain reactions were possible 

and that neutron radiation and plutonium could be produced. The piles were also used as a method to 

generate fission products for further experimentation (Plutonium, 1945). Limited information could 

be located regarding potential external radiation exposure at the pile reactors; no information 

regarding potential internal exposure could be located. 

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While it is clear that the Met Lab worked with a wide variety of radioactive materials and processes, 

without additional documentation NIOSH can make no assumption about particular radionuclides, and 

quantities or forms of the source materials used. The NIOSH review does verify that work at the Met 

Lab during the period from August 13, 1942 through June 30, 1946 involved potential internal and 

external exposures associated with reactor operation and the handling of plutonium, fission products, 

uranium, and uranium progeny in unknown states of disequilibrium with uranium. 

4.3 Time Period Associated with Radiological Operations 

Per the DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security, the time period associated with Atomic Weapons 

Employer (AWE) operations at the Metallurgical Laboratory is from 1942 through 1952 (DOE, 2008). 

NIOSH has determined, and DOL has concurred (DOL, 2008), that Argonne National Laboratory, 

which began operation on July 1, 1946, took control of all Met Lab facilities and that the Met Lab 

effectively ceased to exist on June 30, 1946. This evaluation assumes that Met Lab operations ended 

on June 30, 1946. Covered AWE radiological operations at the Met Lab are therefore assumed to 

have started with the creation of the MED on August 13, 1942, and to have continued through June 

30, 1946. 

4.4 Site Locations Associated with Radiological Operations 

The potential for radiation dose existed in all locations at the Met Lab where radioactive materials 

were handled, used, transported, disposed, or stored. While some buildings and areas are specifically 

noted for the use of radiological materials, as outlined in Sections 4.1 and 4.2, documentation 

available to NIOSH does not sufficiently indicate any definite boundaries between radiological and 

non-radiological areas. NIOSH has no documentation to confirm that all radioactive materials were 

restricted to identified areas or that contamination was adequately controlled. As a result, NIOSH 

must assume that the potential for exposure to radioactive materials existed in all Met Lab buildings 

and areas. 

4.5 Job Descriptions Affected by Radiological Operations 

Given the general lack of process knowledge, and the potential for workplace radioactive 

contamination in the affected locations, it is not possible to determine that any specific work group 

was not potentially exposed to radioactive material releases or possible subsequent contamination. 

NIOSH has found no documentation associating job titles and/or job assignments with specific 

radiological operations or conditions. Without such information, NIOSH is unable to define the 

proposed SEC class based on worker job descriptions. 

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5.0 Summary of Available Monitoring Data for the Proposed Class 

The primary data used for determining internal exposures are derived from personal monitoring data, 

such as urinalyses, fecal samples, and whole-body counting results. If these are unavailable, the air 

monitoring data from breathing zone and general area monitoring are used to estimate the potential 

internal exposure. If personal monitoring and breathing zone area monitoring are unavailable, internal 

exposures can sometimes be estimated using more general area monitoring, process information, and 

information characterizing and quantifying the source term. 

This same hierarchy is used for determining the external exposures to the cancer site. Personal 

monitoring data from film badges or thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) are the primary data used 

to determine such external exposures. If there are no personal monitoring data, exposure rate surveys, 

process knowledge, and source term modeling can sometimes be used to reconstruct the potential 

exposure. 

A more detailed discussion of the information required for dose reconstruction can be found in 

OCAS-IG-001, External Dose Reconstruction Implementation Guideline, and OCAS-IG-002, Internal 

Dose Reconstruction Implementation Guideline. These documents are available at: 

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas/ocasdose.html. 

5.1 Data Capture Efforts and Sources Reviewed 

In addition to examining its Site Research Database (SRDB) to locate documents supporting the 

evaluation of the proposed class, NIOSH identified and reviewed numerous data sources to locate 

information relevant to determining the feasibility of dose reconstruction for the class of employees 

proposed for this petition. This included determining the availability of information on personnel 

monitoring, workplace monitoring, and radiological source term data. 

NIOSH data capture efforts for the Met Lab focused on the DOE (Legacy Management; OpenNet 

repository; Office of Scientific and Technical Information [OSTI], and the Argonne National 

Laboratory), the State of Illinois, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (ADAMS electronic records 

repository), and the National Archives record centers. NIOSH found documents detailing Met Lab 

history, operations, and some very limited personnel monitoring data. Attachment 1 contains a 

summary of Mat Lab documents. The summary specifically identifies specific data capture details for 

each document retrieved. In addition, NIOSH verified that requests for dosimetry-related information 

were made directly to DOE for all claimants. 

5.2 Worker Interviews 

NIOSH has reviewed the computer-assisted telephone interviews conducted for claims filed with 

NIOSH for energy employees who worked at the Met Lab during the period from 1942 through 1946. 

These interviews provided no information to change NIOSH’s feasibility determination. 

Based on the sparse data available for the Metallurgical Laboratory facility, NIOSH determined that 

additional worker interviews would neither change the feasibility determination nor allow NIOSH to 

limit the class to specific locations. Therefore, no additional interviews were pursued. 

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5.3 Internal Personnel Monitoring Data 

NIOSH has obtained very limited bioassay monitoring results for Met Lab workers. The available 

data consist of 18 radon (breath) results corresponding to 15 persons in February and three in May 

1945 (Mears, 1945). DOE supplied no internal monitoring data for any claims associated with Met 

Lab employment. NIOSH has been unable to locate any additional internal personnel monitoring data 

for workers at the Mat Lab for the period from August 13, 1942 through June 30, 1946. 

5.4 External Personnel Monitoring Data 

DOE has provided external gamma dosimetry results for one energy employee, a physicist involved 

with the operation of CP-1 and CP-2. There were no neutron monitoring data for this individual. 

DOE supplied no other external monitoring data nor any occupational medical X-ray data for any 

claims submitted to NIOSH for dose reconstruction. NIOSH has been unable to locate any additional 

external personnel monitoring data for workers at the Met Lab for the period from August 13, 1942 

through June 30, 1946. 

5.5 Workplace Monitoring Data 

NIOSH has obtained air sampling data for the New Chemistry Laboratory for 1946 (Air, 1946). None 

of the air samples represent comprehensive sampling of the site activities. Isolated radiation and 

contamination surveys have been discovered for brief periods within the New Chemistry Laboratory 

(Chemistry, 1946), and one (gamma only) survey has been found for CP-2 (Samples, 1943). NIOSH 

has been unable to locate any additional workplace monitoring data for the Met Lab for the period 

from August 13, 1942 through June 30, 1946. 

5.6 Radiological Source Term Data 

NIOSH has obtained minimal information detailing the quantities of radioactive materials maintained 

or generated on site. Most available information is in the form of monthly progress reports (Monthly, 

1943). Available records indicate that a wide variety of material forms were used for research, 

including uranium powder, metal, and solutions. In many cases, experiments were performed on ores 

from other sites, or on leach liquors and other raffinates (Samples, 1943). Based on the information 

outlined in Sections 4.1 and 4.2, the work at the Met Lab during the period from August 13, 1942 

through June 30, 1946 involved potential internal and external exposures associated with reactor 

operation, and the handling of plutonium, fission products, uranium, and uranium progeny in 

unknown states of disequilibrium with uranium 

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6.0 Feasibility of Dose Reconstruction for the Proposed Class 

42 C.F.R. § 83.14(b) states that HHS will consider a NIOSH determination that there was insufficient 

information to complete a dose reconstruction, as indicated in this present case, to be sufficient, 

without further consideration, to conclude that it is not feasible to estimate the levels of radiation 

doses of individual members of the class with sufficient accuracy. 

In the case of a petition submitted to NIOSH under 42 C.F.R. § 83.9(b), NIOSH has already 

determined that a dose reconstruction cannot be completed for an employee at the DOE or AWE 

facility. This determination by NIOSH provides the basis for the petition by the affected claimant. 

Per § 83.14(a), the NIOSH-proposed class defines those employees who, based on completed 

research, are similarly affected and for whom, as a class, dose reconstruction is similarly not feasible. 

In accordance with § 83.14(a), NIOSH may establish a second class of co-workers at the facility for 

whom NIOSH believes that dose reconstruction is similarly infeasible, but for whom additional 

research and analysis is required. If so identified, NIOSH would address this second class in a 

separate SEC evaluation rather than delay consideration of the claim currently under evaluation (see 

Section 10). This would allow NIOSH, the Board, and HHS to complete, without delay, their 

consideration of the class that includes a claimant for whom NIOSH has already determined a dose 

reconstruction cannot be completed, and whose only possible remedy under EEOICPA is the addition 

of a class of employees to the SEC. 

This section of the report summarizes research findings by which NIOSH determined that it lacked 

sufficient information to complete the relevant dose reconstruction and on which basis it has defined 

the class of employees for which dose reconstruction is not feasible. NIOSH’s determination relies on 

the same statutory and regulatory criteria that govern consideration of all SEC petitions. 

6.1 Feasibility of Estimating Internal Exposures 

NIOSH has identified 18 breath radon results during the AWE operating period, but has not found 

documentation that describes the sampling or analysis protocols used with that dataset. Beyond those 

results, no other personnel bioassay monitoring results have been located. NIOSH has obtained limited 

air monitoring data for one laboratory location only. None of the air sample results represent 

comprehensive sampling of the site activities, and are therefore insufficient for bounding potential internal 

exposures. In the absence of personnel monitoring data, NIOSH has insufficient workplace and source 

term data with which to bound potential internal doses at the Met Lab for the period from August 13, 

1942 through June 30, 1946. 

NIOSH does not have access to sufficient personnel monitoring, workplace monitoring, or source 

term data to estimate potential internal exposures at the Met Lab during the period of AWE operations 

from August 13, 1942 through June 30, 1946. Consequently, NIOSH finds that it is not feasible to 

estimate, with sufficient accuracy, total internal exposures and resulting doses for the class of 

employees covered by this evaluation. 

Although NIOSH found that it is not possible to completely reconstruct internal radiation doses for the 

proposed class, NIOSH intends to use any available internal monitoring data that may become 

available for an individual claim (and that can be interpreted using existing NIOSH dose 

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reconstruction processes or procedures). Dose reconstructions for individuals employed at the 

Metallurgical Laboratory, but not qualifying for inclusion in the SEC, may be performed using these 

data as appropriate. 

6.2 Feasibility of Estimating External Exposures 

This evaluation responds to a petition based on NIOSH determining that internal radiation exposures 

could not be reconstructed for a dose reconstruction referred to NIOSH by the Department of Labor 

(DOL). As noted above, HHS will consider this determination to be sufficient without further 

consideration to determine that it is not feasible to estimate the levels of radiation doses of individual 

members of the class with sufficient accuracy. 

NIOSH has external gamma dosimetry results for one energy employee; no neutron monitoring data 

are available for this individual. NIOSH has been unable to locate any additional external personnel 

monitoring data for workers at the Mat Lab for the period from August 13, 1942 through June 30, 

1946. 

Based on the evaluation conducted for this report, NIOSH does not consider it feasible to estimate 

potential external exposures during the period from August 13, 1942 through June 30, 1946. NIOSH 

does not have access to sufficient individual monitoring data, nor is there sufficient information on 

site radiological monitoring practices and source terms to be able to bound external exposures from all 

sources and radiation types. However, adequate reconstruction of medical dose for Met Lab workers 

is likely to be feasible by using claimant-favorable assumptions, as well as the applicable protocols in 

the complex-wide TBD Dose Reconstruction from Occupationally Related Diagnostic X-Ray 

Procedures (ORAUT-OTIB-0006) 

Although NIOSH found that it is not possible to completely reconstruct radiation doses for the 

proposed class, NIOSH intends to use any available external monitoring data that may become 

available for an individual claim (and that can be interpreted using existing NIOSH dose 

reconstruction processes or procedures). Therefore, dose reconstructions for individuals employed at 

the Metallurgical Laboratory, but not qualifying for inclusion in the SEC, may be performed using 

these data as appropriate. 

6.3 Class Parameters Associated with Infeasibility 

As outlined in Section 4.3, NIOSH has determined, and DOL has concurred, that Argonne National 

Laboratory, which began operation on July 1, 1946, took control of all Metallurgical Laboratory 

facilities and that the Met Lab effectively ceased to exist on June 30, 1946. This evaluation assumes 

that Met Lab operations ended on June 30, 1946. Covered AWE radiological operations at the Met 

Lab are therefore assumed to have started with the creation of the Manhattan Engineer District on 

August 13, 1942, and to have continued through June 30, 1946. NIOSH therefore recommends that 

the proposed class include the period from August 13, 1942 through June 30, 1946. 

As outlined in Section 4.4, documentation available to NIOSH does not sufficiently indicate any 

definite boundaries between radiological and non-radiological areas. NIOSH has no documentation to 

confirm that all radioactive materials were restricted to identified areas or that contamination was 

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SEC-00135 12-09-08 FINAL Metallurgical Laboratory 

adequately controlled. NIOSH recommends that the proposed class definition include all buildings 

and areas of the Metallurgical Laboratory during the specified time period. 

As outlined in Section 4.5, NIOSH has found no documentation associating job titles and/or job 

assignments with specific radiological operations or conditions. Without such information, NIOSH is 

unable to define the proposed SEC class based on worker job descriptions. NIOSH therefore 

recommends that the class include all workers at the Metallurgical Laboratory during the specified 

period. 

7.0 Summary of Feasibility Findings for Petition SEC-00135 

This report evaluates the feasibility for completing dose reconstructions for employees at the 

Metallurgical Laboratory from August 13, 1942 through June 30, 1946. NIOSH determined that 

members of this class may have received radiation exposures from reactor operations, and the 

handling of plutonium, fission products, uranium, radium, and uranium progeny in unknown states of 

disequilibrium with uranium. NIOSH lacks sufficient information, which includes specific biological 

monitoring data, sufficient air monitoring information, or sufficient process and radiological source 

information, that would allow it to estimate the potential internal and external exposures to which the 

proposed class may have been exposed. However, adequate reconstruction of medical dose for 

Metallurgical Laboratory workers is likely to be feasible. 

NIOSH has documented herein that it cannot complete the dose reconstruction related to this petition. 

The basis of this finding demonstrates that NIOSH does not have access to sufficient information to 

estimate either the maximum radiation dose incurred by any member of the class or to estimate such 

radiation doses more precisely than a maximum dose estimate. 

Although NIOSH found that it is not possible to completely reconstruct radiation doses for the 

proposed class, NIOSH intends to use any available internal and external monitoring data that may 

become available for an individual claim (and that can be interpreted using existing NIOSH dose 

reconstruction processes or procedures). Therefore, dose reconstructions for individuals employed at 

the Metallurgical Laboratory, but not qualifying for inclusion in the SEC, may be performed using 

these data as appropriate. 

8.0 Evaluation of Health Endangerment for Petition SEC-00135 

The health endangerment determination for the class of employees covered by this evaluation report is 

governed by EEOICPA and 42 C.F.R. § 83.14(b) and § 83.13(c)(3). Pursuant to these requirements, if 

it is not feasible to estimate with sufficient accuracy radiation doses for members of the class, NIOSH 

must determine that there is a reasonable likelihood that such radiation doses may have endangered 

the health of members of the class. The regulations require NIOSH to assume that any duration of 

unprotected exposure may have endangered the health of members of a class when it has been 

established that the class may have been exposed to radiation during a discrete incident likely to have 

involved levels of exposure similarly high to those occurring during nuclear criticality incidents. If 

the occurrence of such an exceptionally high-level exposure has not been established, then NIOSH is 

required to specify that health was endangered for those workers who were employed for a number of 

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SEC-00135 12-09-08 FINAL Metallurgical Laboratory 

work days aggregating at least 250 work days within the parameters established for the class or in 

combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more other classes of 

employees in the SEC. 

NIOSH has determined that members of the class were not exposed to radiation during a discrete 

incident likely to have involved levels of exposure similarly high to those occurring during nuclear 

criticality incidents. However, the evidence reviewed in this evaluation indicates that some workers in 

the class may have accumulated chronic radiation exposures through intakes of radionuclides and 

from direct exposure to radioactive materials. Consequently, NIOSH is specifying that health was 

endangered for those workers covered by this evaluation who were employed for a number of work 

days aggregating at least 250 work days within the parameters established for this class or in 

combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more other classes of 

employees in the SEC. 

9.0 NIOSH-Proposed Class for Petition SEC-00135 

The evaluation defines a single class of employees for which NIOSH cannot estimate radiation doses 

with sufficient accuracy. This class includes all AWE employees who worked at the Metallurgical 

Laboratory in Chicago, Illinois, from August 13, 1942 through June 30, 1946, for a number of work 

days aggregating at least 250 work days, occurring either solely under this employment or in 

combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more other classes of 

employees in the SEC. 

10.0 Evaluation of Second Similar Class 

In accordance with § 83.14(a), NIOSH may establish a second class of co-workers at the facility, 

similar to the class defined in Section 9.0, for whom NIOSH believes that dose reconstruction may not 

be feasible, and for whom additional research and analyses is required. If a second class is identified, 

it would require additional research and analyses. Such a class would be addressed in a separate SEC 

evaluation rather than delay consideration of the current claim. At this time, NIOSH has not identified 

a second similar class of employees at the Metallurgical Laboratory for whom dose reconstruction 

may not be feasible. 

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18 of 38
 
SEC-00135 12-09-08 FINAL Metallurgical Laboratory 

11 .0 Re fe re nces 

42 C.F.R. pt. 81, Guidelines for Determining the Probability of Causation Under the Energy 

Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000; Final Rule, Federal 

Register/Vol. 67, No. 85/Thursday, p 22,296; May 2, 2002; SRDB Ref ID: 19391 

42 C.F.R. pt. 82, Methods for Radiation Dose Reconstruction Under the Energy Employees 

Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000; Final Rule; May 2, 2002; SRDB Ref ID: 

19392 

42 C.F.R. pt. 83, Procedures for Designating Classes of Employees as Members of the Special 

Exposure Cohort Under the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 

2000; Final Rule; May 28, 2004; SRDB Ref ID: 22001 

42 U.S.C. §§ 7384-7385 [EEOICPA], Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation 

Program Act of 2000; as amended; OCAS website 

ORAUT-OTIB-0006, Dose Reconstruction from Occupationally Related Diagnostic X-Ray 

Procedures, Rev. 3 PC-1, R. L. Kathern, V. E. Shockley; December 21, 2005; SRDB Ref ID: 20220 

Air, 1946, Air Sample Records (New Chemistry Laboratory), various dates, 1946; SRDB Ref ID: 

16801 

Buildings, 1980, University of Chicago Buildings Used by the Manhattan Engineer District, The 

Aerospace Corporation; September 16, 1980; SRDB Ref ID: 9989 

Chemistry, 1946, New Chemistry Weekly Report, July 27 though August 3, 1946; from G. F. Steel to J. 

E. Rose; SRDB Ref ID: 16772 

Chronology, 1944, Chronology of the Metallurgical Project, Metallurgical Laboratory; September 14, 

1944; SRDB Ref ID: 13388 

Decontamination, 1983, Proposed Decontamination of Three Buildings at the University of Chicago 

Contaminated as a Result of Previous MED/AEC Activities; Action Description Memorandum; U.S. 

Department of Energy; Oak Ridge Operations; December, 1983; SRDB Ref ID: 15335 

DOE, 2008, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Health, Safety, and Security, Energy Employees 

Occupational Illness Compensation Program; Find facilities List: 

http://www.hss.energy.gov/healthsafety/fwsp/advocacy/faclist/findfacility.cfm 

DOL, 2008, memo on Time Periods of Operation of Metallurgical Laboratory and Argonne National 

Laboratory - East, R. P. Leiton, U.S. Department of Labor; Division of Energy Employees 

Occupational Illness Compensation; November 13, 2008; SRDB Ref ID 54446 

Final Reactor Design, 2008, Final Reactor Design and X-10; Met Lab and Oak Ridge (Clinton) 

(1942-1943), USDOE Office of History and Heritage Resources, 

http://www.cfo.doe.gov/me70/manhatten/final_reactor_x-10.htm; SRDB Ref ID: 43014 

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SEC-00135 12-09-08 FINAL Metallurgical Laboratory 

Mears, 1945, Results of Breath Analyses, memos from H. J. Mears, R. Tybout, and R. A. Warren to 

Chicago Area Engineer; various dates, 1945; SRDB Ref ID: 4715 

Monthly, 1943, Health, Radiation, and Protection Report for the Month Ending June 7, 1943, Dr. R. 

S. Stone; 1943; SRDB Ref ID: 40754 

Plutonium, 1945, Health Protection Activities at the Plutonium Project, Dr. R. S. Stone, Metallurgical 

Project; November 2, 1945; SRDB Ref ID: 7693 

Reports, 1943, Assorted Correspondence and Reports for 1943; various authors and dates; SRDB Ref 

ID: 44735 

Resurvey, 1977, Formerly Utilized MED/AEC Sites Remedial Action Program Radiological Survey of 

Kent Chemical Laboratory University of Chicago, Chicago Illinois, ANL MED/AEC Resurvey 

Group, September 7-13, 1977; SRDB Ref ID: 16487 

Samples, 1943, Number of Samples and Significance and Spectrochemical Analysis Report, 

University of Chicago; January 14, 1943, SRDB Ref ID: 30763 

Summary, 1951, Summary Report of the Accomplishments of the Plutonium Project Under the 

Sponsorship of the University of Chicago During the Decade 1942-1951, attachment to a letter from 

N. Hilberry (Deputy Director of Argonne National Laboratory) to W. B. Harrell (University of 

Chicago); September 17, 1951; SRDB Ref ID: 9987 

Wynveen, 1977, Radiological Survey of the New Chemistry Lab and Annex, The West Stands, and 

Ricketts Lab, University of Chicago, Chicago Illinois, R. A. Wynveen, W. H. Smith, C. B. Mayes; 

Argonne National Laboratory; MED/AEC Resurvey Group; August 2, 1977; SRDB Ref ID: 17477 

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SEC-00135 12-09-08 FINAL 

Attachment 1: Data Capture Synopses 

Table A1-1: Data Capture Synopsis for the Metallurgical Laboratory 

Data Capture Information Data Captured Description Com

Primary Site/Company Name: Metallurgical Laboratory, Chicago, IL BE 1942-1946; AWE:1942-1952; Res. Rad. 1953-1981; 1984-1986; DOE:1982-1983;1987 (remediation) Other Site Names: Eckhardt Hall (+ West Stands, New Chem. Lab and Annex, Ryerson Physical Lab, Kent Chem. Lab) 

None, the Metallurgical Laboratory no longer exists as an operating entity. 

N

State Contacted: Illinois Emergency Management Agency 

Greenpeace report on residual contamination in the Palos Park Preserve and an Illinois Department of Nuclear Safety 

radiological verification of conditions in the park. 

06/06

DOE Legacy Management - MoundView (Fernald Holdings, includes Fernald Legal Database) 

Laboratory reports. 08/26

Comprehensive Epidemiologic Data Resource (CEDR) 

No relevant data identified. 04/04

Cincinnati Public Library Optical instrumentation used in plutonium research and the 

personal history of a Met Lab researcher. 

02/26

CDC Interlibrary Loan Glenn T. Seaborg's plutonium research journals. 05/15

DOE Argonne National Laboratory Lab notebooks with methods and results, lists of personnel, 

public relations material, security and accountability reports, infrastructure proposals, beryllium transfers and reports, laboratory progress reports, instrument development, various conference reports, graphite pile physics, pile cooling experimental results and proposals, meeting minutes, correspondence, incident investigations and reports, health and safety manuals, animal experiments, and exposure reduction proposals. 

04/04

DOE Germantown General and FUSRAP regarding the site and unclassified 

portions of the Manhattan District history. 

03/1

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SEC-00135 12-09-08 FINAL 

Table A1-1: Data Capture Synopsis for the Metallurgical Laboratory 

Data Capture Information Data Captured Description Com

DOE Hanford Declassified Document Retrieval System (DDRS) 

Trip reports, laboratory progress reports, and a discussion of 

radiation tolerance levels. 

04/04

DOE Legacy Management Considered Sites Long-term surveillance and maintenance plans and a site 

description. 

01/3

DOE Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Laboratory progress report, neutron tolerance values, the test 

plan for evaluating various films for dosimetry, and a discussion of plutonium separation techniques. 

08/3

DOE OpenNet Human radiation experimentation reports, a description of the 

health protection program, health, radiation, and protection division reports, and a summary of health division activities. 

01/3

DOE OSTI Human radiation studies. 06/08

DOE OSTI Energy Citations The Seaborg diaries of plutonium work, blood changes in 

employees following the first year of employment, and radiological issues at the chemical plant. 

07/09

DOE OSTI Information Bridge A site history, FUSRAP surveys, a report on the toxicity of 

uranium, laboratory test and progress reports. 

03/1

Google Histories of human radiation studies, public health 

assessments of the Palos Park Preserve, histories and descriptions of the Chicago Pile, detector development, and personnel biographies and histories. 

03/1

NARA Atlanta Health hazards of polonium and plutonium, radon breath 

analyses, descriptions of the site, chronology of research projects, metal production operations, records of material transfers, uranium billet testing, and analytical reports. 

06/19

NARA Kansas City FUSRAP surveys of Met Lab facilities, decontamination plans, 

and project management plans. 

06/24

National Academies Press (NAP) No relevant data identified. 04/04

National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) - Nevada Site Office 

No relevant data identified. 01/3

NRC Agencywide Document Access and Management (ADAMS) 

No relevant data identified. 01/3

U.S. NRC No relevant data identified. 01/3

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SEC-00135 12-09-08 FINAL 

Table A1-1: Data Capture Synopsis for the Metallurgical Laboratory 

Data Capture Information Data Captured Description Com

Washington State University (U.S. Transuranium and Uranium Registries) 

List of USTUR registrants. 04/04

Washington University Libraries - St. Louis The chemistry of uranium halides, the basic chemistry and 

metallurgy of plutonium, and the observed thermal deformation of the graphite pile. 

04/27

Unknown FUSRAP surveys of Met Lab facilities, decontamination 

reports, the FUSRAP Remedial Action Plan, and an AEC advisory committee meeting agenda. 

06/23

TOTAL 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches for the Metallurgical Laboratory 

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases H

Legacy Management Considered Sites http://csd.lm.doe.gov/ COMPLETED 01/31/2008 

Site A/Plot M Illinois-Chicago North Chicago North Site 

DOE OpenNet http://www.osti.gov/opennet/advancedsearch.jsp COMPLETED 01/31/2008 

Title contains National Guard Armory Title contains Chicago North Site Title contains Certification Docket Document Number contains ANL and date between 1942-1945 Document Number contains AEC and date between 1942-1945 Document Number contains AEC Document Number contains MUC and date between 1942-1945 Document Number contains MUC Full text contains "Atomic" and date between 1/1/1942-12/31/1942 Full text contains "Atomic" and date between 1/1/1943-12/31/1943 Full text contains "Atomic" and date between 1/1/1944-12/31/1944 Full text contains "Atomic" and date between 1/1/1945-12/31/1945 Title contains "Photographic Film" and date between 1942-1950 Title contains "Film Dosimeter" and date between 1942-1950 Full text Contains (Radiation Survey Data Metallurgical Laboratory) Title Contains (Metallurgical) Authors Contains (Stone) Title Contains ("Metallurgical" and "Health") 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches for the Metallurgical Laboratory 

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases H

NNSA - Nevada Site Office www.nv.doe.gov/main/search.htm COMPLETED 01/31/2008 

Title contains National Guard Armory Title contains Chicago North Site Title contains Certification Docket "Metallurgical Laboratory" 

NRC ADAMS Reading Room http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams/web-based.html COMPLETED 01/31/2008 

Title contains National Guard Armory 

Title contains Chicago North Site Title contains Certification Docket Title contains Metallurgical Laboratory Title Contains "Met Lab" Title Contains "University of Chicago" Title Contains "Manhattan District" 

DOE OSTI Information Bridge http://www.osti.gov/bridge/advancedsearch.jsp COMPLETED 03/11/2008 

Title contains National Guard Armory 

Title contains Chicago North Site Title contains Certification Docket "Metallurgical Laboratory" and "Dosimetry" in title "Metallurgical Laboratory" and "Radiation" in title "Metallurgical Laboratory" and "Chicago" in title "Metallurgical Laboratory" in title Met Lab in title Manhattan Project in title Chicago Pile in title Manhattan Project in Subject Manhattan Engineering District in Subject Manhattan Engineering District in Title CP-1 in Title University of Chicago in any field and dates between 1940-1950 Environmental Review Site A in title Title contains "Site A" and "Plot M" 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches for the Metallurgical Laboratory 

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases H

Title contains Ricketts Laboratory Chemistry Laboratory and Annex Title contains Ryerson Physical Laboratory Title contains Eckhart Hall Title contains Kent Chemical Laboratory Title contains Jones Chemical Laboratory Identified Numbers contain "CH" Identified Numbers contain "MUC" Title contains "Metallurgical Project" All fields contains "Metallurgical Project" 

Google http://www.google.com COMPLETED 03/11/2008 

Americium "Metallurgical laboratory" Chicago Monitoring 47Oralloy Health monitoring "Early dosimetry" "Atomic Energy Commission" "Worker Health" Chicago "Airborne Measurements of Radioactivity" "Measurements of Radioactivity" Metallurgical "Measurement of Radioactivity" Metallurgical "Monitoring of Radioactivity" Metallurgical "Sampling of Radioactivity" Metallurgical Air Sampling "Atomic Energy Commission" Metallurgical "film badge dosimeter" Metallurgical "Bioassay Sampling" Metallurgical "Gas Proportional Counting" Metallurgical "Liquid Scintillation Counting" Metallurgical Chicago "In Vivo Counting of Radioactive" "In Vivo Counting of Radiation" "In Vivo Counting of Nuclides" "In Vivo Counting of Radionuclides" "In Vivo Counting " Metallurgical "In Vitro Counting of Radioactive" "In Vitro Counting of Radiation" 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches for the Metallurgical Laboratory 

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases H

"In Vitro Counting of Nuclides" "In Vitro Counting of Radionuclides" "In Vivo Counting " Metallurgical "Beryllium Vendor" Metallurgical "Beryllium Exposure" Metallurgical "Atomic Energy" "Atomic Energy" "University of Chicago" " Worker Health" (reviewed 1st 100) Uranium "Met Lab" (reviewed 1st 100) U-235 "Met Lab" (reviewed 1st 100) "Metallurgical Laboratory" postum "Metallurgical Laboratory" tuballoy "Metallurgical Laboratory" uranyl nitrate hexahydrate OR UNH "Metallurgical Laboratory" columnation "Metallurgical Laboratory" denitration OR denitration pot "Metallurgical Laboratory" Ether-Water Project "Metallurgical Laboratory" "F machine" "Metallurgical Laboratory" femptocurie "Metallurgical Laboratory" fluoroscopy "Metallurgical Laboratory" "Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program" OR FUSRAP "Metallurgical Laboratory" "gas proportional" "Metallurgical Laboratory" hydrofluorination "Metallurgical Laboratory" "isotopic enrichment" "Metallurgical Laboratory" "JS Project" "Metallurgical Laboratory" log "log sheet" OR "log book" "Metallurgical Laboratory" "low enriched uranium" OR "Metallurgical Laboratory" LEU "Metallurgical Laboratory" millicurie "Metallurgical Laboratory" "mixed fission product" OR MFP "Metallurgical Laboratory" "nasal wipe" 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches for the Metallurgical Laboratory 

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases H

"Metallurgical Laboratory" "nose wipe" "Metallurgical Laboratory" "nuclear track emulsion" OR "type A NTA" "Metallurgical Laboratory" "occupational radiation exposure" "Metallurgical Laboratory" "ore concentrate" "Metallurgical Laboratory" "PC Project" "Metallurgical Laboratory" nanocurie "Metallurgical Laboratory" "liquid scintillation" "Metallurgical Laboratory" "uranium tetrafluoride" "Metallurgical Laboratory" "uranium trioxide" "Metallurgical Laboratory" "phosphate research" "Metallurgical Laboratory" picocurie "Metallurgical Laboratory" radeco "Metallurgical Laboratory" "Radiological Survey Data Sheet" OR RSDS "Metallurgical Laboratory" raffinate "Metallurgical Laboratory" "retention schedules" "Metallurgical Laboratory" "Tiger Team" "Metallurgical Laboratory" "tolerance dose" "Metallurgical Laboratory" urinalysis "Metallurgical Laboratory" "whole body count" OR WBC "Metallurgical Laboratory" "feed material" "Metallurgical Laboratory" oralloy "Metallurgical Laboratory" "uranium dioxide" "Metallurgical Laboratory" "uranium hexafluoride" "Metallurgical Laboratory" accident "Metallurgical Laboratory" "air filter" "Metallurgical Laboratory" alpha "Metallurgical Laboratory" bioassay OR bio-assay "Metallurgical Laboratory" breath OR breathing zone OR BZ "Metallurgical Laboratory" calibration 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches for the Metallurgical Laboratory 

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases H

"Metallurgical Laboratory" contamination "Metallurgical Laboratory" curie "Metallurgical Laboratory" derby OR regulus "Metallurgical Laboratory" dose "Metallurgical Laboratory" dosimeter -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" dosimetric -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" dosimetry -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" electron -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" environment Chicago -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" exposure OR "exposure investigation" OR "radiation exposure" -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" external -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" fecal -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" film -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" fission -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" "gamma-ray" -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" "gaseous diffusion" -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" health "health instrument" OR "health physics" OR H.I. OR HI OR HP -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" "highly enriched uranium" OR HEU -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" "in vitro" -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" "in vivo" -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" incident -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" ingestion -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" inhalation -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" internal -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" investigation -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" isotope -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" isotopic -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" Landauer -NIOSH 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches for the Metallurgical Laboratory 

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases H

"Metallurgical Laboratory" "maximum permissible concentration" OR "MPC" -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" metallurgy -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" microcurie -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" monitor OR "air monitoring" -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" neutron -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" nuclear OR "Chicago-Nuclear" OR "nuclear fuels" -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" occurrence -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" permit OR "radiation work permit" OR "safe work permit" OR "special work permit" OR RWP OR SWP -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" photon -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" pitchblende -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" "pocket ion chamber" OR PIC -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" problem -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" procedure -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" radiation -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" radioactive -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" radioactivity -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" radiograph -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" radiological -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" radionuclide -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" reactor -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" respiratory -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" roentgen -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" sample OR "air sample" OR "dust sample" OR "general area air sample" -NIOSH 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches for the Metallurgical Laboratory 

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases H

"Metallurgical Laboratory" "sampling OR "air sampling" OR "dust sampling" OR "general area air sampling" -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" "solvent extraction" -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" source OR "sealed source" -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" spectra -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" spectrograph -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" spectroscopy -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" spectrum -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" standard OR "operating standard" OR "processing standard" -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" survey OR "building survey" OR "routine survey" OR "special survey" -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" "technical basis" -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" "thermal diffusion" -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" "thermoluminescent dosimeter" OR TLD -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" urine -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" "working level" OR WL -NIOSH "Metallurgical Laboratory" "X-ray" OR "X ray" OR Xray -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" postum "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" tuballoy "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" uranyl nitrate hexahydrate OR UNH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" K-65 "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "sump cake" "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "air count" "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "air dust" "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "belgian congo ore" 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches for the Metallurgical Laboratory 

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases H

"Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "airborne test" "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" columnation "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" denitration OR denitration pot "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" Ether-Water Project "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "F machine" "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" femptocurie "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" fluoroscopy "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program" OR FUSRAP "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "gas proportional" "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" hydrofluorination "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "isotopic enrichment" "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "JS Project" "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" log "log sheet" OR "log book" "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "low enriched uranium" OR "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" LEU "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" millicurie "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "mixed fission product" OR MFP "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "nasal wipe" "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "nose wipe" "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "nuclear track emulsion" OR "type A NTA" "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "occupational radiation exposure" "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "ore concentrate" "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "PC Project" "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" nanocurie "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "liquid scintillation" "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "uranium tetrafluoride" 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches for the Metallurgical Laboratory 

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases H

"Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "uranium trioxide" "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "phosphate research" "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" picocurie "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" radeco "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "Radiological Survey Data Sheet" OR RSDS "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" raffinate "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "retention schedules" "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "Tiger Team" "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "tolerance dose" "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" urinalysis "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "whole body count" OR WBC "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "feed material" "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" oralloy "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "uranium dioxide" "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "uranium hexafluoride" "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" accident -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "air filter" "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" alpha -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" bioassay OR bio-assay "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" breath OR breathing zone OR BZ "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" calibration "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" contamination "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" curie "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" derby OR regulus "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" dose "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" dosimeter -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" dosimetric -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" dosimetry -NIOSH 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches for the Metallurgical Laboratory 

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases H

"Met Lab" "University of Chicago" electron -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" environment -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" exposure OR "exposure investigation" OR "radiation exposure" -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" external -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" fecal -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" film -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" fission -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "gamma-ray" -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "gaseous diffusion" -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" health "health instrument" OR "health physics" OR H.I. OR HI OR HP -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "highly enriched uranium" OR HEU -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "in vitro" -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "in vivo" -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" incident -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" ingestion -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" inhalation -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" internal -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" investigation -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" isotope -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" isotopic -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" Landauer -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "maximum permissible concentration" OR "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "MPC" -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" metallurgy -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" microcurie -NIOSH 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches for the Metallurgical Laboratory 

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases H

"Met Lab" "University of Chicago" monitor OR "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "air monitoring" -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" neutron -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" nuclear OR "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "Chicago-Nuclear" OR "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "nuclear fuels" -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" occurrence -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" permit OR "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "radiation work permit" OR "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "safe work permit" OR "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "special work permit" OR "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" RWP OR "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" SWP -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" photon -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" pitchblende -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "pocket ion chamber" OR "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" PIC -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" problem -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" procedure -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" radiation -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" radioactive -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" radioactivity -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" radiograph -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" radiological -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" radionuclide -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" reactor -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" respiratory -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" roentgen -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" sample OR "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "air sample" OR "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "dust sample" OR "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "general area air sample" -NIOSH 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches for the Metallurgical Laboratory 

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases H

"Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "sampling OR "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "air sampling" OR "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "dust sampling" OR "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "general area air sampling" -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "solvent extraction" -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" source OR "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "sealed source" -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" spectra -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" spectrograph -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" spectroscopy -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" spectrum -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" standard OR "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "operating standard" OR "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "processing standard" -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" survey OR "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "building survey" OR "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "routine survey" OR "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "special survey" -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "technical basis" -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "thermal diffusion" -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "thermoluminescent dosimeter" OR "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" TLD -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" urine -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "working level" OR "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" WL -NIOSH "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "X-ray" OR "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" "X ray" OR "Met Lab" "University of Chicago" Xray –NIOSH 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches for the Metallurgical Laboratory 

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases H

DOE CEDR http://cedr.lbl.gov/ COMPLETED 04/04/2008 

"Metallurgical Laboratory" in Title "Met Lab" in Title Metallurgical in Analytical Data File sets Metallurgical in Working Data File Sets Metallurgical in File Structured Documentation Metallurgical in Variable Structured Documentation 

Hanford DDRS http://www2.hanford.gov/declass/ COMPLETED 04/04/2008 

Title contains National Guard Armory 

Title contains Chicago North Site Title contains Certification Docket Metallurgical Laboratory in Title Met Lab in Title Met Lab in Title and Radiation in Keyword Met Lab in Title and Dupont in Company Met Lab in Title and keyword contains Environment Metallurgical Lab Progress Report in Title Chicago in Title MUC in Document Number Author Contains Compton Author Contains Stone Title contains "Met Lab" and Document No contains "DUH" Title contains "Met Lab" and Keyword contains "Medical" Title contains "Met Lab" and Keyword contains "Surveillance" Document Number contains "CH" Document Number starts with "CH" Title contains "Metallurgical Project" Title contains "Radiation Monitoring" and date between 1942-1950 Company = "MET" and date between 1942-1950 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches for the Metallurgical Laboratory 

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases H

National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu/ COMPLETED 04/04/2008 

Metallurigcal Laboratory Met Lab 

U.S. Transuranium & Uranium Registries http://www.ustur.wsu.edu/ COMPLETED 04/04/2008 

"Metallurigcal Laboratory" Metallurgical "Met Lab" 

Energy Citations Database http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/ COMPLETED 07/09/2008 

"Metallurgical Laboratory" in any field "University of Chicago Metallurgical Laboratory" in Research Organization Field 

Table A1-3: OSTI Documents Ordered for the Metallurgical Laboratory 

Document Number Document Title Req

CH-1347-A-1897 OSTI ID: 6347630 

Tolerance Concentration of Radioactive Gases in Air dated 1/1/1944 10/

DOE/NBM-5003498 OSTI ID: 6304965 

Biochemical Survey Section Report for the Month of June 1946 dated 1/1/1946 

10/

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