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SEC Petition Evaluation Report 

Petition SEC-00149 

Report Rev #: 0 Report Submittal Date: August, 17 2009

Subject Expert(s): Joseph S. Guido 

Site Expert(s): N/A 

Petitioner Administrative Summary 

Petition Under Evaluation 

Petition # Petition 

Type 

Petition A 

Receipt Date DOE/AWE Facility Name 

SEC-00149 83.14 July 21, 2009 Metals and Controls Corp. 

NIOSH-Proposed Class Definition 

All Atomic Weapons Employees who worked at Metals and Controls Corp. in Attleboro, MA, from 

January 1, 1952 to December 31, 1967, for a number of work days aggregating at least 250 work days, 

occurring either solely under this employment, or in combination with work days within the 

parameters established for one or more other classes of employees included in the SEC. 

Related Petition Summary Information 

SEC Petition Tracking #(s) Petition Type DOE/AWE Facility Name Petition Status 

None

Related Evaluation Report Information 

Report Title DOE/AWE Facility Name 

None

ORAU Lead Technical Evaluator: 

Joseph Guido

ORAU Review Completed By: 

Michael Kubiak

Peer Review Completed By: [Signature on file] 8/17/2009 

Thomas P. Tomes Date 

SEC Petition Evaluation Reviewed By: [Signature on file] 8/18/2009 

J. W. Neton Date 

SEC Evaluation Approved By: [Signature on file] 8/19/2009 

Larry Elliott Date 
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Evaluation Report Summary: SEC-00149, Metals and Controls Corp. 

This evaluation report by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 

addresses a class of employees proposed for addition to the Special Exposure Cohort (SEC) per the 

Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 

§ 7384 et seq. (EEOICPA) and 42 C.F.R. pt. 83, Procedures for Designating Classes of Employees 

as Members of the Special Exposure Cohort Under the Energy Employees Occupational Illness 

Compensation Program Act of 2000. 

NIOSH-Proposed Class Definition

All Atomic Weapons Employees who worked at Metals and Controls Corp. in Attleboro, MA, from 

January 1, 1952 to December 31, 1967, for a number of work days aggregating at least 250 work days, 

occurring either solely under this employment, or in combination with work days within the 

parameters established for one or more other classes of employees included in the SEC. 

Feasibility of Dose Reconstruction Findings

NIOSH lacks sufficient information, which includes thorium internal monitoring and/or air sampling 

data, to allow it to estimate with sufficient accuracy the potential internal exposures to thorium to 

which the proposed class may have been subjected. 

NIOSH finds that it is likely feasible to reconstruct with sufficient accuracy the occupational internal 

and external dose from uranium and radium as well as the medical dose for Metals and Controls Corp. 

workers. 

 Principal sources of internal radiation for members of the proposed class included exposures to 

uranium, thorium, and radium (Ra-226). Exposure to uranium and thorium occurred during the 

fabrication of uranium- and thorium-bearing components (including reactor fuel, metallic alloys, 

and metallic foils). Exposure to radium was limited to a single process, involving the manufacture 

of electrical breakers containing radium-bearing luminescent markers. 

 NIOSH has obtained uranium urinalysis bioassay data for the period 1953 through 1967. NIOSH 

has not located any internal monitoring data specific to thorium exposures. The limited area air 

sampling results available to NIOSH are specific to uranium-processing operations and are 

inadequate to bound internal intakes from thorium operations. NIOSH has found no usable 

information with which to assess thorium air concentrations and has not identified sufficient 

documentation to define and quantify the total thorium source term during the period from 1952 

through 1967. 

 NIOSH has determined that reconstruction of internal dose from thorium is not feasible for the 

period from January 1, 1952 through December 31, 1967 due to the lack of thorium-specific 

monitoring or source term data. 

 NIOSH has determined that reconstruction of the internal dose from uranium for monitored 

workers as well as internal exposure to radium is likely feasible. 
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 Principal sources of external radiation for members of the proposed class included exposures to 

beta and gamma radiation during the activities noted above. Additionally, there was external 

exposure from industrial radiography and non-destructive testing (Bavley, 1958). 

 NIOSH has obtained external monitoring data for the period 1953 through 1967 and has 

determined that reconstruction of external dose for monitored workers is likely feasible. 

 Although NIOSH found that it is not possible to completely reconstruct radiation doses for the 

proposed class, NIOSH intends to use any internal and external monitoring data that may become 

available for an individual claim (and that can be interpreted using existing NIOSH dose 

reconstruction processes or procedures). Therefore, dose reconstructions for individuals employed 

at Metals and Controls Corp. during the period from January 1, 1952 through December 31, 1967, 

but who do not qualify for inclusion in the SEC, may be performed using these data as 

appropriate. 

Health Endangerment Determination

The NIOSH evaluation did not identify any evidence supplied by the petitioners or from other 

resources that would establish that the class was exposed to radiation during a discrete incident likely 

to have involved exceptionally high-level exposures, such as nuclear criticality incidents or other 

events involving similarly high levels of exposures. However, the evidence reviewed in this 

evaluation indicates that some workers in the class may have accumulated chronic radiation exposures 

through intakes of thorium. Therefore, 42 C.F.R. § 83.13(c)(3)(ii) requires NIOSH to specify that 

health may have been endangered for those workers covered by this evaluation who were employed 

for a number of work days aggregating at least 250 work days within the parameters established for 

this class or in combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more other 

classes of employees in the SEC. 
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Table of Contents 

Evaluation Report Summary: SEC-00149, Metals and Controls Corp. .................................................. 3

1.0 Purpose and Scope....................................................................................................................... 7

2.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 7

3.0 NIOSH-Proposed Class Definition and Petition Basis................................................................ 8

4.0 Radiological Operations Relevant to the Proposed Class ........................................................... 8

4.1 Operations Description....................................................................................................... 8

4.2 Radiation Exposure Potential from Operations................................................................ 11

4.3 Time Period Associated with Radiological Operations.................................................... 12

4.4 Site Locations Associated with Radiological Operations ................................................ 12

4.5 Job Descriptions Affected by Radiological Operations ................................................... 12

5.0 Summary of Available Monitoring Data for the Proposed Class.............................................. 12

5.1 Data Capture Efforts and Sources Reviewed ................................................................... 13

5.2 Worker Interviews............................................................................................................ 13

5.3 Internal Personnel Monitoring Data ................................................................................. 13

5.4 External Personnel Monitoring Data................................................................................ 14

5.5 Workplace Monitoring Data............................................................................................. 14

5.6 Radiological Source Term Data ....................................................................................... 15

6.0 Feasibility of Dose Reconstruction for the Proposed Class ...................................................... 17

6.1 Feasibility of Estimating Internal Exposures ................................................................... 18

6.2 Feasibility of Estimating External Exposures .................................................................. 19

6.3 Class Parameters Associated with Infeasibility................................................................ 19

7.0 Summary of Feasibility Findings for Petition SEC-00149........................................................ 20

8.0 Evaluation of Health Endangerment for Petition SEC-00149................................................... 20

9.0 NIOSH-Proposed Class for Petition SEC-00149 ...................................................................... 21

10.0 Evaluation of Second Similar Class .......................................................................................... 21

11.0 References ................................................................................................................................. 22

Attachment 1: Data Capture Synopsis................................................................................................... 26
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Tables 

4-1: Metals and Controls Corp. Areas Involving Radiological Activities or Storage........................... 11

5-1: Summary of the Metals and Controls Corp. Source Term............................................................. 15
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SEC Petition Evaluation Report for SEC-00149

ATTRIBUTION AND ANNOTATION: This is a single-author document. All conclusions drawn from 

the data presented in this evaluation were made by the ORAU Team Lead Technical Evaluator: Joe 

Guido; MJW Corporation. These conclusions were peer-reviewed by the individuals listed on the 

cover page. The rationales for all conclusions in this document are explained in the associated text. 

1.0 Purpose and Scope 

This report evaluates the feasibility of reconstructing doses for employees who worked at a specific 

facility during a specified time. It provides information and analysis germane to considering a petition 

for adding a class of employees to the Congressionally-created SEC. 

This report does not make any determinations concerning the feasibility of dose reconstruction that 

necessarily apply to any individual energy employee who might require a dose reconstruction from 

NIOSH, with the exception of the employee whose dose reconstruction could not be completed, and 

whose claim consequently led to this petition evaluation. The finding in this report is not the final 

determination as to whether or not the proposed class will be added to the SEC. This report will be 

considered by the Advisory Board on Radiation and Worker Health (the Board) and by the Secretary 

of Health and Human Services (HHS). The Secretary of HHS will make final decisions concerning 

whether or not to add one or more classes to the SEC in response to the petition addressed by this 

report. 

This evaluation, in which NIOSH provides its findings both on the feasibility of estimating radiation 

doses of members of this class with sufficient accuracy and on health endangerment, was conducted in 

accordance with the requirements of EEOICPA and 42 C.F.R. § 83.14. 

2.0 Introduction 

Both EEOICPA and 42 C.F.R. pt. 83 require NIOSH to evaluate qualified petitions requesting that the 

Department of Health and Human Services add a class of employees to the SEC. The evaluation is 

intended to provide a fair, science-based determination of whether it is feasible to estimate, with 

sufficient accuracy, the radiation doses of the proposed class of employees through NIOSH dose 

reconstructions.1

NIOSH is required to document its evaluation in a report, and to do so, relies upon both its own dose 

reconstruction expertise as well as technical support from its contractor, Oak Ridge Associated 

Universities (ORAU). Once completed, NIOSH provides the report to both the petitioners and the 

Advisory Board on Radiation and Worker Health. The Board will consider the NIOSH evaluation 

report, together with the petition, comments of the petitioner(s) and such other information as the 

Board considers appropriate, to make recommendations to the Secretary of HHS on whether or not to 

add one or more classes of employees to the SEC. Once NIOSH has received and considered the 

advice of the Board, the Director of NIOSH will propose a decision on behalf of HHS. The Secretary 

 

1

 NIOSH dose reconstructions under EEOICPA are performed using the methods promulgated under 42 C.F.R. pt. 82 and 

the detailed implementation guidelines available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas. 
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of HHS will make the final decision, taking into account the NIOSH evaluation, the advice of the 

Board, and the proposed decision issued by NIOSH. As part of this final decision process, the 

petitioner(s) may seek a review of certain types of final decisions issued by the Secretary of HHS.2

3.0 NIOSH-Proposed Class Definition and Petition Basis 

The NIOSH-proposed class includes all Atomic Weapons Employees who worked at Metals and 

Controls Corp. in Attleboro, MA, from January 1, 1952 to December 31, 1967, for a number of work 

days aggregating at least 250 work days, occurring either solely under this employment, or in 

combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more other classes of 

employees included in the SEC. During this period, employees at this facility were involved with 

fabricating thorium foils, enriched uranium foils, and enriched uranium fuel elements. 

The evaluation responds to Petition SEC-00149 which was submitted by an EEOICPA claimant 

whose dose reconstruction could not be completed by NIOSH due to a lack of sufficient dosimetryrelated information. This claimant was employed as a [identifying information redacted] from 1957 

through 1988. NIOSH’s determination that it is unable to complete a dose reconstruction for an 

EEOICPA claimant is a qualified basis for submitting an SEC petition pursuant to 42 C.F.R. § 

83.9(b). 

4.0 Radiological Operations Relevant to the Proposed Class 

The following subsections summarize the radiological operations at Metals and Controls Corp. from 

January 1, 1952 to December 31, 1967 and the information available to NIOSH to characterize 

particular processes and radioactive source materials. Using available sources, NIOSH has attempted 

to gather process and source descriptions, information regarding the identity and quantities of 

radionuclides of concern, and information describing processes through which the radiation exposures 

of concern may have occurred and the physical environment in which they may have occurred. The 

information included within this evaluation report is meant only to be a summary of the available 

information. 

4.1 Operations Description 

Operations with radioactive materials began at the site in 1952 when Metals and Controls, Inc., began 

fabricating enriched uranium foils. Metals and Controls became a division of Texas Instruments in 

1959 (NRC, 1997). For the purposes of this discussion, both “TI” and “Metals and Controls” are used 

interchangeably to describe the same facility, albeit at different points in time. From 1952 through 

1965, under a variety of government contracts, Metals and Controls fabricated enriched uranium fuel 

elements for the U.S. Naval Reactors Program, the U.S. Air Force, other U.S. Government-funded 

research, and a few commercial customers. From 1965 through 1981, TI fabricated fuel for the High 

Flux Isotope Reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and other Government-owned research 

2

 See 42 C.F.R. pt. 83 for a full description of the procedures summarized here. Additional internal procedures are 

available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas. 
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reactors. Depleted uranium and processed natural uranium were also used at the facility for research 

and development. 
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Operations with radioactive materials were initially conducted in portions of what is now Building 4, 

with very limited operations conducted in Building 3. In 1956, Metals and Controls constructed 

Building 10 to house all manufacturing work involving radioactive materials; by 1957, all such work 

was moved to that location. Processing included the fabrication of uranium foils for reactor 

experiments and fuel components, fabrication of complete reactor cores for the Naval Reactors 

program, and fabrication of uranium fuel elements for experimental and research reactors (NRC, 

1997). 

Information on the handling and processing of thorium is limited. The use of thorium at Metals and 

Controls Corp. is indicated in undated product literature (M&C, unknown date-b, p. 45; Drummey, 

1956, p. 60; TI, 1959) and from a 1960 brochure (TI, 1960). Based on these references, Metals and 

Controls supplied thorium foil strips for criticality experiments, source tests, and reactivity tests. 

Thorium was vacuum-melted and cast into flat ingots. These ingots were subsequently rolled to the 

desired thickness. A 1964 health and safety manual references thorium use (M&C, 1964), while the 

1968 version of this document (M&C, 1968) makes no mention of thorium. No versions are available 

in the intervening years or prior to the 1964 version. 

A comprehensive listing of thorium shipments from the Fernald Site during the period 1952 through 

1985 (Thorium Shipments, 1952-1985, p. 109) documents shipments of small quantities of thorium 

metal (less than 15 kg each) to Metals and Controls Corp. in June 1955, February 1957, and October 

1957. Documentation of another thorium shipment (this time involving Brookhaven National 

Laboratory and Argonne National Laboratory) is available for a June 1957 shipment (Huke, 1954). A 

1957 uranium exposure assessment, conducted by the Environmental Measurement Laboratory, lists 

the production of thorium foils as one of the processes at Metals and Controls Corp. (AEC, 1957). 

The only definitive information on the amount of thorium at Metals and Controls Corp. is from a 1962 

nuclear safety analysis that lists the total quantity of thorium as 244 kg (ASTRA, 1962). 

Waste handling, processing of scrap metal and residues, and treatment of waste acids and water were 

conducted inside Building 5 and outside Building 5 in areas known as the Metals Recovery Area and 

the Stockade. A waste evaporator and an incinerator were operated in Building 5 and the adjacent 

Metals Recovery Area. Scrap and waste generated in the manufacturing processes were returned to 

the U.S. Government; however, some materials contaminated with low levels of radioactivity were 

buried onsite adjacent to Building 11. 

Following cessation of fuel fabrication operations in 1981, TI initiated remediation of uranium 

contamination in the buildings and surrounding exterior locations. Remediation and final surveys of 

contaminated portions of Buildings 4 and 10 were completed in 1985, and the NRC staff approved 

release of these buildings for unrestricted use. Residual radioactive contamination remained in the 

burial area east of Building 11 and west of the relatively recently-constructed Building 12. Initial 

remediation of the burial area was completed in December 1992. A confirmatory survey conducted 

by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) in December 1992 identified some 

remaining contamination on the walls of the excavation. In July 1993, the licensee completed 

additional remediation activities. An ORISE confirmatory survey in December 1993 did not identify 

any remaining residual contamination in the burial area in excess of the NRC criteria for release for 

unrestricted use (NRC, 1997). 
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Records indicate that Metals and Controls Corp. fabricated fuel elements for production reactors, but 

it is unclear whether its work was related to the nuclear weapons complex. For example, Metals and 

Controls Corp. fabricated uranium foils for reactor experiments and fuel components, fabricated 

complete reactor cores for the Naval Reactors program, and fabricated uranium fuel elements for 

experimental and research reactors. Records indicate shipments of depleted uranium between Rocky 

Flats and Metals and Controls Corp. during the period from 1955 to 1958 (Uranium Shipments, 1955-

1958). Table 4-1 shows process information for Metals and Controls Corp. 

Table 4-1: Metals and Controls Corp. Areas Involving Radiological Activities or Storage 

Location Room or area Use or Equipment Contained Comments 

Nuclear fuel production Also called the Nuclear Building. Eightfoot fence with one access-monitored 

personnel entrance enclosed the area. 

Upper breakdown area Ovens, rolling mills 

Building 10 

(aka Building N, 

A-10) 

Lower breakdown area Cutting machines (shears, etc.) for 

de-jacketing the rolled uranium 

and alloy 

Building 4 Initial metallurgical work 

(cladding uranium, rolling foils 

and plates) 

Only part of building was used and only 

until Building 10 was available. 

Building 3 Very limited initial metallurgical 

work 

Only part of building was used and only 

until Building 10 was available. 

Evaporator; incinerator; waste 

handling, processing of scrap 

metal and residues, treatment of 

waste acids and water 

The "Waste Treatment Building" or 

"Waste Treatment Area" serving the 

entire site (including non-AEC areas). 

Removed in the mid-1960s. 

Under lean-to adjacent to 

Building 5 

Incinerator for contaminated 

clothing, waste paper, etc. 

Removed in the mid-1960s. 

Building 5 

(aka Building E) 

Open pit about 300 ft. 

from Building 5 

Burning of zirconium waste chips 

and wooden skids 

Probably what was called the "Metals 

Recovery Area." 

Stockade Fenced yard area near 

Building 5 

Storage of radioactive waste prior 

to disposal 

Removed in the mid-1960s. 

Building 1 Affixing luminescent beads 

(containing radium) to toggle 

switches. 

Based on an interview with a former 

employee, the radium work in Building 1 

occurred between 1965 and 1967 

(Documented Communication, 2008). 

4.2 Radiation Exposure Potential from Operations 

Fabricating, machining, and alloying operations involving uranium and thorium have a potential to 

generate airborne radioactivity, and thus, internal exposure to these materials. This potential would be 

greatest in locations where material was handled and where operations occurred, and would likely vary 

depending on the exact nature of the operation and the configuration of local ventilation systems. There is 

a potential for external radiation exposure in areas where uranium and thorium were handled and stored 

with an increased likelihood of exposure in storage areas. During high-temperature operations involving 

depleted uranium and thorium, there would also be an increased exposure potential from beta radiation 

due to the separation of volatile, beta-emitting progeny of U-238 and thorium. 
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4.3 Time Period Associated with Radiological Operations 

Per the DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security, the time period associated with Atomic Weapons 

Employer (AWE) operations at Metals and Controls Corp. is from 1952 through 1967 (DOE, 2009). 

NIOSH has discovered no additional data to support more specific dates for the beginning and end of 

AWE operations. Therefore, AWE operations at Metals and Controls Corp. are assumed to have 

started on January 1, 1952, and ended on December 31, 1967. 

4.4 Site Locations Associated with Radiological Operations 

In the company’s license termination request, only Buildings 3, 4, and 10 are noted as having been 

used in radioactive material processing (TI, 1982). Subsequent correspondence indicates that the 

potentially-impacted area was expanded to include Buildings 1, 5, 11, and the outside areas around 

Buildings 11 and 12 (Survey, 1997; Remediation, 1996). Based on this information, these are the 

only areas associated with radiological operations. Except as noted in Table 4-1 for Building 10, 

NIOSH has very limited information describing any access control practices at the Metals and 

Controls Corp. site; thus, NIOSH is unable to determine which workers may or may not have entered 

the identified radiological areas. 

4.5 Job Descriptions Affected by Radiological Operations 

Given the general lack of process knowledge or detailed source term information, and the potential for 

workplace radioactive contamination in the affected locations, it is not possible to determine that any 

specific work group was not potentially exposed to radioactive material releases or possible 

subsequent contamination. NIOSH has found no documentation associating job titles and/or job 

assignments with specific radiological operations or conditions. Without such information, NIOSH is 

unable to determine which workers may or may not have entered identified radiological areas; thus, 

NIOSH is unable to define potential radiation exposure conditions based on worker job descriptions. 

5.0 Summary of Available Monitoring Data for the Proposed Class 

NIOSH obtained film badge data covering the entire operational period (Dosimetry Records, 1953-

1960; Dosimetry Records, 1960-1966; Dosimetry Records, 1965-1967) and uranium urinalysis results 

covering all operational period years with the exception of 1952 (Urinalysis Results, various years). 

There are no monitoring data available specific to radium and thorium exposures. Limited dust 

sampling results exist for 1957, with total alpha monitoring conducted in February, 1957 (AEC, 

1957). No other air monitoring data are available. 
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5.1 Data Capture Efforts and Sources Reviewed 

In addition to examining its Site Research Database (SRDB) to locate documents supporting the 

evaluation of the proposed class, NIOSH identified and reviewed numerous data sources to locate 

information relevant to determining the feasibility of dose reconstruction for the class of employees 

proposed for this petition. This included determining the availability of information on personnel 

monitoring, workplace monitoring, and radiological source term data. 

NIOSH data capture efforts for Metals and Controls Corp. focused on historical source term, process, 

and dosimetry data available at the current location of the former Metals and Controls Corp. facility. 

Attachment 1 contains a summary of Metals and Controls Corp. documents. The summary provides 

specific data capture details for each document retrieved. 

5.2 Worker Interviews 

NIOSH has reviewed the computer-assisted telephone interviews conducted for claims filed with 

NIOSH for energy employees who worked at Metals and Controls Corp. during the period from 1952 

through 1967. These interviews provided no information to change NIOSH's feasibility determination 

and did not indicate any potential sources for additional monitoring or process data. 

Based on the sparse data available for thorium operations at Metals and Controls Corp., NIOSH 

determined that additional worker interviews would neither change the feasibility determination nor 

allow NIOSH to limit the class to specific locations. Therefore, no additional interviews were 

pursued. 

5.3 Internal Personnel Monitoring Data 

Bioassay data consist of uranium urinalyses and include measurements by fluorimetry and gross alpha 

counting. Bioassay data are first available in 1953. At least some data were located for all years of 

the class period 1952 through 1967, except for 1952. As of 1957, workers were providing samples 

quarterly; each month about one-third of the workers exposed to radioactive material provided 500- to 

1000-ml urine samples (Bavley, 1957). 

Uranium urinalysis was performed using a combination of either chemical or radiometric techniques. 

There are some indications that, at times, the type of analysis might have been related to the uranium 

enrichment being handled (Loysen, 1957). For example, in reply to a Massachusetts Department of 

Labor and Industries question (Elkins, 1957), Metals and Controls Corp. noted that the urinalyses 

being analyzed by chemical methods would be adjusted for the increased activity due to the 

enrichment of the uranium (Loysen, 1957). 

No urinalysis data are available pertinent to thorium exposures. This is consistent with the monitoring 

practice outlined in the 1964 Health Physics Operations Manual, which states, “No techniques are 

presently available for thorium body burden determinations, except for weighted exposure averages. 

As soon as an accurate technique is developed, it will be employed” (M&C, 1964). Accordingly, it 

would seem likely that air sampling data would have been used to assess thorium exposures; however, 

such data are not available to NIOSH. 
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5.4 External Personnel Monitoring Data 

External monitoring data are available for the period 1953 through 1967. However, the completeness 

of this data set cannot be determined. Texas Instruments staff conducted a search for dosimetry 

records for a particular individual for the period 1952-1967 (Elliot, 2005). TI stated that they could 

not speculate on the completeness of the archived data, and for that particular individual, they could 

find external data only for 1955. Other employees’ dosimetry data seems more complete; it is 

possible that this particular individual was not required to be monitored for the entire period. 

5.5 Workplace Monitoring Data 

Bavley said that until mid-1957, air sampling was performed by “the corporation insurance carrier,” 

but then instruments were purchased and plant personnel began to do them (Bavley, 1957). Bavley 

and Metals and Controls Corp. documentation subsequently noted that the Metals and Controls HP 

staff was performing the air sampling (in-plant and effluent) as well as performing the sample 

analyses (Bavley, 1957; M&C, 1964). 

Air sampling consisted of general area air samples, breathing zone air samples, and operational air 

samples. Metals and Controls (M&C, 1964) stated: 

Each operation employing radioactive material, in which aerosols can be produced, shall be 

sampled on a routine basis. 

This schedule shall maintain an average frequency of at least 50 samples per week under 

normal operating conditions. 

Whenever possible at least 50% of the total number of air samples shall be breathing zone 

type. 

Also, new or modified operations were to be “intensively” sampled at start up and stack 

monitoring was required bimonthly. 

For the week of February 11, 1957, the AEC reported airborne concentrations measured during Metals 

and Controls Corp. operations involving primarily 5% enriched uranium (AEC, 1957). No other air 

monitoring data have been located. 
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5.6 Radiological Source Term Data 

Available information on the source term at Metals and Controls Corp. is summarized in Table 5-1. 

Table 5-1: Summary of the Metals and Controls Corp. Source Term 

(This table spans three pages)

Material Process or Operation Content and Form Notes Amount and Period References 

Production Materials 

Uranium metal, 

natural 

Melting; shearing fuel foils; 

pickling, polishing, cropping, 

and assembling fuel plates 

into fuel elements, cladding 

with zircalloy, Al, or 

stainless steel; alloying 

Early operations used metal, as 

did at least some work in 1957-

1963; later operations usually 

did not. 1 Jan 1962 inventory: 

for AEC, 61 kg; for other 

licensees, 192 kg 

FUSRAP, 

undated; 

ASTRA, 1962 

Uranium metal, 

depleted 

Melting; shearing fuel foils; 

pickling, polishing, cropping, 

and assembling fuel plates 

into fuel elements, cladding 

with zircalloy, Al, or 

stainless steel; alloying 

At least some work in 1957-

1963. M & C to supply to 

Argonne 39,000 metal pieces 

fabricated from 68,000 kg of 

depleted U metal derbies @ 

~0.0040 wt % U-235; Jan 1962 

inventory: 158 kg for AEC, 

346 kg for other licensees 

ANL, 1960; 

M&C, unknown 

date-b; M&C, 

1959; FUSRAP, 

undated; 

ASTRA, 1962 

Uranium metal, 

enriched 

Melting; shearing fuel foils; 

pickling, polishing, cropping, 

and assembling fuel plates 

into fuel elements, cladding 

with zircalloy, Al, or 

stainless steel; alloying 

1957-1963: enriched to < 20% (e.g., 

20%, 3.2%, 2.2%, 1.8%). 

Westinghouse Atomic Power 

Division (WAPD) elements: <5%. 

Later reactor fuel (High Flux Isotope 

Reactor (HFIR), Battelle reactor, 

etc.) usually 90% or more. 

Intermediate enrichment sometimes 

made by combining 93% enriched U 

with natural or depleted U. 

Jan 1962 inventory: for AEC, 

1,264 kg U @93%; for other 

licensees, 18 kg @93%, 71 kg 

@20%, 1449 kg @3.2%, 3932 

kg @2.2%, 363 kg @1.8%. 

FUSRAP, 

undated; AEC, 

1957; ASTRA, 

1962 

Uranium metal, 

recycled 

Probably same as above "On several occasions" FUSRAP, 

undated 

U3O8 Alloying, pressing, 

annealing, cladding; 

pickling, polishing, cropping, 

and assembling fuel plates 

into fuel elements 

U3O8 powder for HFIR fuel plates: 

enrichment, 93 wt %; density 8.2 

g/cc; U @84.5 wt %; U-235 density 

6.45 g/cc. 15.18-18.44 g U-235 per 

plate; max of 24 plates at a time, or 

360 kg U-235 

Mostly later operations FUSRAP, 

undated 

UO2 Mixing in powdered form 

with stainless steel powder, 

rolling to make plates 

UO2 in GE Vallecitos Reactor plates 

varied from 20 to 30 wt % 

Few cores required UO2. 

Vallecitos reactor: over 1000 

plates made, containing about 

30 kg of U-235 total 

FUSRAP, 

undated; AEC, 

1957; M&C, 

unknown date-a 

Thorium Making foils 1 Jan 1962 inventory: for AEC, 

198 kg for others, 46 kg 

ASTRA, 1962; 

AEC, 1957; 

M&C, 1964 
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Table 5-1: Summary of the Metals and Controls Corp. Source Term 

(This table spans three pages)

Material Process or Operation Content and Form Notes Amount and Period References 

Production Materials 

Sealed Sources 

Ra-226 luminous 

indicators 

Manufacture of toggle 

switches containing 

luminescent glass beads 

(containing radium 226) 

Luminous glass bead with radium 

coating. Activity estimated at 0.12 

μCi each bead 

1965 through 1967, 5000 

buttons total. 

TI, 1997; 

Documented 

Communication, 

2008; 

ORAU, 2008 

Calibration and 

check sources 

AECL Co-60 sealed source, 

12.2 mCi; 3 NBS U3O8 alpha 

standard sources; Ra source, 40 

μCi; C-14 and Ra check 

sources for use with meters 

M&C, 1964 

Wastes and Remainders 

Salvageable 

noncombustibles 

Collected in 55-gallon drums 

and stored prior to 

disposition 

Equipment and non-U metal 

contaminated with U or (probably 

less often) Th; surveyed for surface 

contamination prior to disposition 

Scrap metal @ >25,000 dpm 

per 100 cm2

 had to be 

decontaminated before 

disposition; could be freereleased if <500 dpm per 100 

cm2

 average, <5000 dpm per 

100 cm2

 max. Equipment: limit 

of <50 dpm per 100 cm2

removable and <500 dpm per 

100 cm2

 fixed, except that 

actual work surfaces could be 

2000 fixed, for free release 

M&C, 1964 

Non-salvageable 

noncombustibles 

Collected in 55-gallon drums 

and stored prior to 

disposition 

Junk/rubbish contaminated with U, 

sometimes Th; disposed of through 

AEC, other licensees, or onsite 

burial 

M&C, 1964 

Incinerator ash Dry-vacuumed or wet down 

and shoveled into drums; 

sampled from each drum and 

analyzed for U-235 

From burning contaminated paper, 

protective clothing; drums 

accumulated until enough for 

disposal at AEC or licensed burial 

ground 

Maximum of 350 g U-235 per 

burn batch 

M&C, 1964 

Acid solutions Collected in 55-gallon drums 

with polyethylene liners, 

stored prior to disposition; 

process wastes were 

analyzed for U-235, while 

laboratory wastes were 

tracked via a running tally of 

additions 

Process acid solutions (e.g., pickling 

solutions) that were exhausted or in 

which U content was approaching 

the allowable limit; laboratory acid 

wastes 

The maximum safe 

concentration limit was taken 

to be 2 g U-235 per liter 

AEC, 1957 
SEC-00149 08-17-09 FINAL Metals and Controls Corp.

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Table 5-1: Summary of the Metals and Controls Corp. Source Term 

(This table spans three pages)

Material Process or Operation Content and Form Notes Amount and Period References 

Production Materials 

Miscellaneous 

liquids requiring 

concentration 

before recovery 

Collected in 55-gal drums, 

allowed to settle; after 

analysis of supernatant, 

supernatant processed 

through a 600-gal 

evaporator; drum-settled 

sludge was consolidated in 

55-gal drums, while 

evaporator sludge was 

pumped into other 55-gal 

drums; in both, vermiculite 

was added to the sludge in 

the drums, which were stored 

until disposed of. Except: if 

there was little or no settling 

and analysis showed 

radioactive content was 

below 10 C.F.R. pt. 20 limits 

for release, liquid was not 

processed but was released to 

the sewers 

Solutions or easily dispersible 

solutions: incinerator washings, floor 

drainage, evaporator flushings, etc. 

Collected in drums to >1000 gal 

total. Sludge left after settling was 

sampled and consolidated into drums 

for disposal; supernatant was 

processed through evaporator. Drumsettled and evaporator sludge both 

shipped to AEC-licensed facility for 

burial 

Contained enriched, natural, 

and/or depleted U and Th in 

concentrations higher than 

those permitted to be released 

but not concentrated enough 

for direct reclamation; analysis 

showed that after settling, 95% 

of the U-235 was contained in 

the drum sludge and there was 

usually about 90% supernatant 

and 10% sludge in the drums 

prior to processing. The 

maximum allowable quantity 

of U-235 in the evaporator was 

350 g; the maximum in drumsettled sludge was 430 g (taken 

to be equivalent to 2 g/L) 

M&C, 1964; 

ASTRA, 1962 

6.0 Feasibility of Dose Reconstruction for the Proposed Class 

42 C.F.R. § 83.14(b) states that HHS will consider a NIOSH determination that there was insufficient 

information to complete a dose reconstruction, as indicated in this present case, to be sufficient,

without further consideration, to conclude that it is not feasible to estimate the levels of radiation 

doses of individual members of the class with sufficient accuracy. 

In the case of a petition submitted to NIOSH under 42 C.F.R. § 83.9(b), NIOSH has already 

determined that a dose reconstruction cannot be completed for an employee at the DOE or AWE 

facility. This determination by NIOSH provides the basis for the petition by the affected claimant. 

Per § 83.14(a), the NIOSH-proposed class defines those employees who, based on completed 

research, are similarly affected and for whom, as a class, dose reconstruction is similarly not feasible. 

In accordance with § 83.14(a), NIOSH may establish a second class of co-workers at the facility for 

whom NIOSH believes that dose reconstruction is similarly infeasible, but for whom additional 

research and analysis is required. If so identified, NIOSH would address this second class in a 

separate SEC evaluation rather than delay consideration of the claim currently under evaluation (see 

Section 10). This would allow NIOSH, the Board, and HHS to complete, without delay, their 

consideration of the class that includes a claimant for whom NIOSH has already determined a dose 

reconstruction cannot be completed, and whose only possible remedy under EEOICPA is the addition 

of a class of employees to the SEC. 
SEC-00149 08-17-09 FINAL Metals and Controls Corp.

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This section of the report summarizes research findings by which NIOSH determined that it lacked 

sufficient information to complete the relevant dose reconstruction and on which basis it has defined 

the class of employees for which dose reconstruction is not feasible. NIOSH’s determination relies on 

the same statutory and regulatory criteria that govern consideration of all SEC petitions. 

6.1 Feasibility of Estimating Internal Exposures 

NIOSH has evaluated the available personnel and workplace monitoring data and source term 

information and has determined that there are insufficient data for estimating internal exposures, as 

described below. 

NIOSH has not located any internal monitoring data specific to thorium exposures. 

While NIOSH has obtained area air sampling results for one operation in 1957, these results are 

specific to uranium-processing operations and are inadequate to bound internal intakes from thorium 

operations. Additionally, NIOSH has found no usable information with which to assess thorium air 

concentrations. 

NIOSH has not identified sufficient documentation to define and quantify the total thorium source 

term during the AWE operations period. Definitive information is available indicating that thorium 

processing occurred during the period 1954 through 1964; however, this same documentation does not 

provide a clear understanding of the potential use of thorium either before or after this period. 

Without additional documentation, NIOSH can make no assumptions about the relative amounts of 

thorium processing that would have been encountered at the site during the period from January 1, 

1952 through December 31, 1967. There is therefore insufficient source term information available to 

NIOSH to bound internal exposures to thorium for the period from January 1, 1952 through December 

31, 1967. 

NIOSH has obtained uranium urinalysis results for the period 1953-1967. These data can be used to 

reconstruct uranium exposure to monitored personnel. NIOSH has obtained sufficient workplace and 

source term information to bound internal exposures to Ra-226 during toggle-switch manufacturing 

for the period January 1, 1965 through December 31, 1967. 

NIOSH does not have access to sufficient personnel monitoring, workplace monitoring, or source 

term data to estimate potential internal exposures to thorium during the period of AWE operations 

from January 1, 1952, through December 31, 1967. Consequently, NIOSH finds that it is not feasible 

to estimate, with sufficient accuracy, total internal exposures and resulting doses for the class of 

employees covered by this evaluation. 

Although NIOSH found that it is not possible to completely reconstruct internal radiation doses for the 

period from January 1, 1952 through December 31, 1967, NIOSH intends to use any internal 

monitoring data that may become available for an individual claim (and that can be interpreted using 

existing NIOSH dose reconstruction processes or procedures). Dose reconstructions for individuals 

employed at Metals and Controls Corp. during the period from January 1, 1952 through December 31, 

1967, but who do not qualify for inclusion in the SEC, may be performed using these data as 

appropriate. 
SEC-00149 08-17-09 FINAL Metals and Controls Corp.

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6.2 Feasibility of Estimating External Exposures 

This evaluation responds to a petition based on NIOSH determining that internal radiation exposures 

to thorium could not be reconstructed for a dose reconstruction referred to NIOSH by the Department 

of Labor (DOL). As noted above, HHS will consider this determination to be sufficient without 

further consideration to determine that it is not feasible to estimate the levels of radiation doses of 

individual members of the class with sufficient accuracy. Consequently, it is not necessary for 

NIOSH to fully evaluate the feasibility of reconstructing external radiation exposures for the class of 

workers covered by this report. 

NIOSH has obtained external dosimeter results for monitored individuals for 1953 through 1967. 

NIOSH has determined that reconstruction of the external dose for monitored workers is feasible. 

NIOSH has obtained sufficient workplace and source term information to bound external exposures to 

Ra-226 during toggle-switch manufacturing for the period January 1, 1965 through December 31, 

1967. 

Adequate reconstruction of medical dose is likely to be feasible by using claimant-favorable 

assumptions in the complex-wide Technical Information Bulletin, Dose Reconstruction from 

Occupationally Related Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures (ORAUT-OTIB-0006). 

Although NIOSH found that it is not possible to completely reconstruct radiation doses for all workers 

for the period from January 1, 1952 through December 31, 1967, NIOSH intends to use any external 

monitoring data that may become available for an individual claim (and that can be interpreted using 

existing NIOSH dose reconstruction processes or procedures). Dose reconstructions for individuals 

employed at Metals and Controls Corp. during the period from January 1, 1952 through December 31, 

1967, but who do not qualify for inclusion in the SEC, may be performed using these data as 

appropriate. 

6.3 Class Parameters Associated with Infeasibility 

This report evaluates the feasibility for completing dose reconstructions for the AWE operations 

period at Metals and Controls from 1952 through 1967. NIOSH has discovered no data to support 

more specific dates for the beginning and end of thorium operations. NIOSH therefore recommends 

that the proposed class include the entire AWE-covered period of January 1, 1952 through December 

31, 1967. 

As discussed in Section 4.4, NIOSH has sufficient information to identify the specific areas in which 

radiological operations were likely conducted. However, NIOSH does not have information on the 

controls in place to restrict access to the identified radiological areas, with the exception of Building 

10 after 1956. 

NIOSH has found insufficient documentation associating job titles and/or job assignments with 

specific radiological operations or conditions. Although NIOSH has identified the site locations 

where radiological operations were likely to have been conducted, NIOSH does not have information 

defining the access controls that were in place across the site (with the exception of Building 10 after 

1956). Without such information, NIOSH is unable to determine which workers or work groups may 

or may not have entered the identified radiological areas; NIOSH is thus unable to define the proposed 
SEC-00149 08-17-09 FINAL Metals and Controls Corp.

20 of 33

SEC class based on worker job descriptions. Therefore, NIOSH recommends that the proposed class 

definition include all Atomic Weapons Employees who worked at Metals and Controls Corp. during 

the specified time period. 

7.0 Summary of Feasibility Findings for Petition SEC-00149 

This report evaluates the feasibility for completing dose reconstructions for employees at Metals and 

Controls Corp. from January 1, 1952 through December 31, 1967. NIOSH determined that members 

of this class may have received radiation exposures from operations involving uranium, thorium, and 

radium. NIOSH lacks sufficient information, which includes biological monitoring data, sufficient air 

monitoring information, or sufficient process and radiological source information that would allow it 

to estimate the potential internal thorium exposure to which the proposed class may have been 

exposed. 

NIOSH has documented herein that it cannot complete the dose reconstruction related to this petition. 

The basis of this finding demonstrates that NIOSH does not have access to sufficient information to 

estimate either the maximum radiation dose incurred by any member of the class or to estimate such 

radiation doses more precisely than a maximum dose estimate. 

Although NIOSH found that it is not possible to completely reconstruct radiation doses for the 

proposed class, NIOSH intends to use any internal and external monitoring data that may become 

available for an individual claim (and that can be interpreted using existing NIOSH dose 

reconstruction processes or procedures). Therefore, dose reconstructions for individuals employed at 

Metals and Controls Corp. during the period from January 1, 1952 through December 31, 1967, but 

who do not qualify for inclusion in the SEC, may be performed using these data as appropriate. 

8.0 Evaluation of Health Endangerment for Petition SEC-00149 

The health endangerment determination for the class of employees covered by this evaluation report is 

governed by EEOICPA and 42 C.F.R. § 83.14(b) and § 83.13(c)(3). Pursuant to these requirements, if 

it is not feasible to estimate with sufficient accuracy radiation doses for members of the class, NIOSH 

must determine that there is a reasonable likelihood that such radiation doses may have endangered 

the health of members of the class. The regulations require NIOSH to assume that any duration of 

unprotected exposure may have endangered the health of members of a class when it has been 

established that the class may have been exposed to radiation during a discrete incident likely to have 

involved levels of exposure similarly high to those occurring during nuclear criticality incidents. If 

the occurrence of such an exceptionally high-level exposure has not been established, then NIOSH is 

required to specify that health was endangered for those workers who were employed for a number of 

work days aggregating at least 250 work days within the parameters established for the class or in 

combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more other classes of 

employees in the SEC. 
SEC-00149 08-17-09 FINAL Metals and Controls Corp.

21 of 33

NIOSH has determined that members of the class were not exposed to radiation during a discrete 

incident likely to have involved levels of exposure similarly high to those occurring during nuclear 

criticality incidents. However, the evidence reviewed in this evaluation indicates that some workers in 

the class may have accumulated chronic radiation exposures through intakes of radionuclides and 

from direct exposure to radioactive materials. Consequently, NIOSH is specifying that health was 

endangered for those workers covered by this evaluation who were employed for a number of work 

days aggregating at least 250 work days within the parameters established for this class or in 

combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more other classes of 

employees in the SEC. 

9.0 NIOSH-Proposed Class for Petition SEC-00149 

The evaluation defines a single class of employees for which NIOSH cannot estimate radiation doses 

with sufficient accuracy. This class includes all Atomic Weapons Employees who worked at Metals 

and Controls Corp. in Attleboro, MA, from January 1, 1952 to December 31, 1967, for a number of 

work days aggregating at least 250 work days, occurring either solely under this employment, or in 

combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more other classes of 

employees included in the SEC. 

10.0 Evaluation of Second Similar Class 

In accordance with § 83.14(a), NIOSH may establish a second class of co-workers at the facility, 

similar to the class defined in Section 9.0, for whom NIOSH believes that dose reconstruction may not 

be feasible, and for whom additional research and analyses is required. If a second class is identified, 

it would require additional research and analyses. Such a class would be addressed in a separate SEC 

evaluation rather than delay consideration of the current claim. At this time, NIOSH has not identified 

a second similar class of employees at Metals and Controls Corp. for whom dose reconstruction may 

not be feasible. 
SEC-00149 08-17-09 FINAL Metals and Controls Corp.

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11.0 References 

42 C.F.R. pt. 81, Guidelines for Determining the Probability of Causation Under the Energy 

Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000; Final Rule, Federal 

Register/Vol. 67, No. 85/Thursday, p 22,296; May 2, 2002; SRDB Ref ID: 19391 

42 C.F.R. pt. 82, Methods for Radiation Dose Reconstruction Under the Energy Employees 

Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000; Final Rule; May 2, 2002; SRDB Ref ID: 

19392 

42 C.F.R. pt. 83, Procedures for Designating Classes of Employees as Members of the Special 

Exposure Cohort Under the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 

2000; Final Rule; May 28, 2004; SRDB Ref ID: 22001 

42 U.S.C. §§ 7384-7385 [EEOICPA], Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation 

Program Act of 2000; as amended; OCAS website 

AEC, 1957, Metals and Controls, Inc., Attleboro, Massachusetts, Occupational Exposure to Airborne 

Contaminants, HASL-M&C-1; U. S. Atomic Energy Commission Health and Safety Laboratory, New 

York Operations Office; April 26, 1957; SRDB Ref ID: 7060 

ANL, 1960, Materials Processing Contract No. 31-109-38-1162, to G. L. Williams (M&C Nuclear, 

Inc.) from J. H. McKinley (Argonne National Laboratory); January 15, 1960; SRDB Ref ID: 7063, 

pdf pp. 74-78 

ASTRA, 1962, Analysis of Possible Nuclear Material Losses and Possible Liabilities Associated with 

Present Fuel Manufacturing at Metals & Controls, Inc., ATSTRA 410-6.2; ASTRA; March 12, 1962; 

SRDB Ref ID: 13612 

Bavley, 1957, Metals and Controls Corp., Nuclear Products Division, Attleboro, correspondence to 

Dr. Elkins; Mr. Bavley; July 10, 1957; SRDB Ref ID: 13669, pdf p. 7 

Bavley, 1958, Metals and Controls Nuclear, Inc., Attleboro regarding January 10, 1958 Visit, 

correspondence to Dr. Elkins; Mr. Bavley; January 13, 1958; SRDB Ref ID: 13669, pdf pp. 4-5 

Documented Communication, 2008, Radium Usage in Military Circuit Breakers Manufactured at the 

Metals and Controls Facility, ORAU telephone interview with former Metals and Controls employee; 

January 28, 2008; SRDB Ref ID: 42115 

DOE, 2009, Metals and Controls Corp., facility profile, U.S. Department of Energy, Facility List 

Database for the Energy Employee Occupational Illness Compensation Program; last updated 06-04-

08; accessed 07-13-09; http://hss.energy.gov/healthsafety/fwsp/advocacy/faclist/findfacility.cfm 

DOE-STD-1121-98, DOE Standard Internal Dosimetry; Department of Energy (DOE); December 

1999; SRDB Ref ID: 12291 
SEC-00149 08-17-09 FINAL Metals and Controls Corp.

23 of 33

Dosimetry Records, 1953-1960, Metals and Controls Dosimetry Records from March 1953 through 

June 1960; 1953-1960; SRDB Ref ID: 15410 

Dosimetry Records, 1960-1966, Metals and Controls Dosimetry Records from June 1960 through 

1966; 1960-1966; SRDB Ref ID: 15411 

Dosimetry Records, 1965-1967, Metals and Controls Dosimetry Records from October 1965 through 

September 1967; Vendor: Landauer; 1965-1967; SRDB Ref ID: 13654 

Drummey, 1956, Nation’s First Private Nuclear Fuel Plant; Jack Drummey; September 1956; SRDB 

Ref ID: 13634, pdf pp. 54-61 

Elkins, H. B., 1957, letter to A. M. Carr from H. B. Elkins; no subject title; report on a site visit by 

Harold Bavley; November 5, 1957; SRDB Ref ID: 13669 

Elkins, 1958, Cover Letter for January 10th Plant Visit Report, correspondence to T. J. Snyder; 

Hervey B. Elkins; January 15, 1958; SRDB Ref ID: 13669, pdf p. 3 

Elliot, 2005, Response to NIOSH Request for Personnel Exposure Under the EEIOCPA, letter to Oak 

Ridge Associated Universities, [Name Redacted], NIOSH ID [Redacted], Batch 651, M. J. Elliot; 

Texas Instruments Incorporated, Attleboro, Massachusetts, February 14, 2005; SRDB Ref ID: 70579 

FUSRAP, undated, Database Report: MA.21 – Metals and Controls Corp., FSM Dept., FUSRAP 

(Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program) Stewardship Report, accessed on January 17, 

2001 (http://www.projectperformance.com/fusrap/report_action.asp); SRDB Ref ID: 7092, pdf pp. 2-9 

Huke, 1954, Order for Thorium Foil, correspondence and attachments; F. B. Huke; June 21, 1954; 

SRDB Ref ID: 62489—UCNI 

Loysen, 1957, Information regarding Possible Overexposure of X-Ray Department Personnel, 

correspondence to Dr. Hervey B. Elkins; Peter Loysen; November 18, 1957; SRDB Ref ID: 13669, 

pdf pp. 14-15 

M&C, unknown date-a, The Aims that Guide Us, booklet for employment at Metals and Controls; 

Metals and Controls, Inc.; unknown date; SRDB Ref ID: 13634, pdf pp. 2-20 

M&C, unknown date-b, Metals and Controls Corporation Fuel Element Fabrication; Metals and 

Controls, Inc.; unknown date; SRDB Ref ID: 13634, pdf pp. 42-53 

M&C, 1959, Quotation for providing nuclear materials to Argonne National Laboratory, to J. H. 

McKinley (ANL) from G. L. Williams (M&C Nuclear Metals, Inc).; November 30, 1959; SRDB Ref 

ID: 7063, pdf pp. 71-73 

M&C, 1964, Excerpts of Metals and Controls Standard Procedures Manual; Metals and Controls, 

Inc.; 1964; SRDB Ref ID: 13642 
SEC-00149 08-17-09 FINAL Metals and Controls Corp.

24 of 33

M&C, 1968, Metals and Controls Inc. Health and Safety Manual; Metals and Controls, Inc.; August 

15, 1968; SRDB Ref ID: 16985 

NRC, 1997, Removal of Texas Instruments, Inc. from Site Decommissioning Management Plan, to 

The Commissioners from L. J. Callan, Executive Director of Operations, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory 

Commission; March 13, 1997; SRDB Ref ID: 21197 

OCAS-TIB-009, Estimation of Ingestion Intakes, Rev. 0; Office of Compensation Analysis and 

Support (OCAS); Cincinnati, Ohio; April 13, 2004; SRDB Ref ID: 22397 

ORAU, 2008, Analytical Evaluation of the Amount of Radioactivity in a Radium Toggle Switch; Oak 

Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU); May 1, 2008; SRDB Ref ID: 43010 

ORAUT-OTIB-0006, Dose Reconstruction from Occupationally Related Diagnostic X-Ray 

Procedures, Rev. 03 PC-1; Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU); Oak Ridge, Tennessee; 

December 21, 2005; SRDB Ref ID: 20220 

ORAUT-OTIB-0070, Dose Reconstruction During Residual Radioactivity Periods at Atomic 

Weapons Employer Facilities, Rev. 00; Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU); Oak Ridge, 

Tennessee; March 10, 2008; SRDB Ref ID: 41603 

Remediation, 1996, Texas Instruments, Attleboro, Massachusetts: Remediation of Exterior Areas 

Adjacent to Buildings 11 and 12, Weston (consulting company); NRC License/Docket No.: SNM23/70-33; Final Report Version 1.0; May 1996; SRDB Ref ID: 24625 

Survey, 1997, Texas Instruments, Attleboro, Massachusetts: Supplemental Surveys of Building 

Interiors, Overhead Structures, and Upper Walls, prepared by CPS Environmental, Inc.; NRC 

License/Docket No.: SNM-23/70-33; February 1997; SRDB Ref ID: 24624 

Thorium Shipments, 1952-1985, FMPC Thorium Shipments to Customers 1952-1985 (Kilograms 

Thorium); SRDB Ref ID: 41375, pdf pp. 108-121 

TI, 1959, Nuclear Products: Uranium and Thorium Foil, NU-3; Texas Instruments Incorporated, 

M&C Nuclear, Inc.; 1959; SRDB Ref ID: 13634, pdf p. 65 

TI, 1960, Fuels of the Future, NU-1C; Texas Instruments Incorporated, M&C Nuclear, Inc.; 1960; 

SRDB Ref ID: 13634, pdf pp. 21-37 

TI, 1982, Request for Termination of Nuclear Regulatory Commission License SNM-23, Amendment 

One; Texas Instruments Incorporated; November 1, 1982; SRDB Ref ID: 24623 

TI, 1997, Risk-Based Criteria for Addressing Radium within Flooring in Building 1; Texas 

Instruments, Inc.; April 21, 1997; SRDB Ref ID: 26726 
SEC-00149 08-17-09 FINAL Metals and Controls Corp.

25 of 33

Uranium Shipments, 1955-1958, Metals & Controls, email from C. Shindledecker to K. Anders 

(DOE) regarding uranium shipments to Metals and Controls; August 3, 2001; SRDB Ref ID: 7092, 

pdf p. 25 

Urinalysis Results, various years, Urinalysis Data Reports for M & C Nuclear, Inc.; Controls for 

Radiation, Inc.; various dates in the 1950s and 1960s; SRDB Ref ID: 13667 
SEC-00149 08-17-09 FINAL 

Attachment 1: Data Capture Synopsis 

Table A1-1: Data Capture Synopsis For Metals And Controls Corp. 

Data Capture Information Documents Captured Description D

Primary Site/Company Name: Metals and Controls Corp. 

AWE 1952-1967;Residual Radiation 1968-July 2006 Other Company Names: 

M & C M & C Nuclear Metals and Controls Nuclear Corp. Texas Instruments (Successor Company): Jon Weisberg, Attorney, 03/04/2009 Sensata Technologies (Successor Company): Steve Reynolds, General Counsel, 04/02/2007 

Report of urinalysis, personnel monitoring surveys, contamination/radiation survey records of acid room #1, personnel external exposure report, personnel monitoring roster, film badge procedures, reactor fuel information, AEC and NRC licenses, applications, and amendments, health & safety manual for the HFIR Project, environmental surveys, and reports. Successor companies have no records beyond those already captured. 

06

State Contacted: Robert Walker, Director, MA Radiation Control Program 

No relevant documents identified. 01

Comprehensive Epidemiologic Data Resource (CEDR) No relevant documents identified. 03Dade Moeller & Associates Film badge results. 02Department of Labor/Paragon Request for thorium foil. 12DOE Hanford Declassified Document Retrieval System (DDRS) 

No relevant documents identified. 03

DOE Legacy Management - Grand Junction Clean-up of residual radioactive contamination information, survey of 

the Texas Instruments Inc. former burial site, contract between AEC and Metals and Controls, early history information, license SNM-23 documents and inspection reports, request for AEC to allocate 3 kilograms of U-235, and uranium production figures for Texas Instruments. 

06

DOE Legacy Management - MoundView (Fernald Holdings, includes Fernald Legal Database) 

Fernald thorium metal production orders for Metals & Controls and thorium campaign data. 

01

DOE OpenNet No relevant documents identified. 03DOE OSTI Energy Citations No relevant documents identified. 03DOE OSTI Information Bridge Site decommissioning management plan. 03Google Removal of Metals and Controls from site decontamination 

management plan, radium buttons on toggle switches, Bureau of Mines metals yearbook, and an NRC list of contaminated sites. 

04

Page 26 of 33 
SEC-00149 08-17-09 FINAL 

Table A1-1: Data Capture Synopsis For Metals And Controls Corp. 

Data Capture Information Documents Captured Description D

MJW Corporation Symposium on occupational health experience and practices in the 

uranium industry. 

09

NARA - Atlanta Excess uranium inventory at Metals and Controls. 03National Academies Press (NAP) No relevant documents identified. 03National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) - Nevada Site Office 

No relevant documents identified. 03

NRC Agencywide Document Access and Management (ADAMS) 

Flat fuel element documentation and site decontamination management requirements. 

03

ORAU Team Project spreadsheet, data completion verification, and documented 

communications with successor company and process knowledge 

expert. 

01

Unknown Airborne radioactivity survey, site history, surveys, material transfers 

with Fernald, thorium reports, and AEC reports to Congress. 

07

Washington State University (U.S. Transuranium and Uranium Registries) 

No relevant documents identified. 03

TOTAL 

Table A1-2: Database Searches For Metals And Controls Corp. 

Database/Source Keywords 

CEDR http://cedr.lbl.gov/ COMPLETED 03/26/2008 

"Metals and Controls" "M&C Nuclear" thorium "Texas Instruments" thorium 

DOE OpenNet http://www.osti.gov/opennet/advancedsearch.jsp COMPLETED 03/26/2008 

Metals and Controls Corporation in title Metals and Controls Corp. in title Texas Instruments in title "Metals and Controls Nuclear Corporation" in title "Metals and Controls Nuclear Corp" in title "Metals and Controls Corporation" in full text "Metals and Controls Corp." in full text "Texas Instruments" in full text 

27 of 33
SEC-00149 08-17-09 FINAL 

Table A1-2: Database Searches For Metals And Controls Corp. 

Database/Source Keywords 

"Metals and Controls Nuclear Corporation" in full text "Metals and Controls Nuclear Corp" in full text "Metals & Controls Corporation" in full text "Metals & Controls Corp." in full text "Texas Instruments" in full text "Metals & Controls Nuclear Corporation" in full text "Metals & Controls Nuclear Corp" in full text "Metals and Controls" + 01/01/1947 - 03/19/2008 "M&C Nuclear" thorium "Texas Instruments" thorium 

DOE OSTI Information Bridge http://www.osti.gov/bridge/advancedsearch.jsp COMPLETED 03/27/2008 

Metals and Controls Corporation in title Metals and Controls Corp. in title Texas Instruments in title Metals and Controls Nuclear Corporation in title Metals and Controls Nuclear Corp in title "Metals and Controls Corporation" in any field "Metals and Controls Corp." in any field "Texas Instruments" in any field "Texas Instruments" and radium in any field Metals and Controls Nuclear Corporation in any field "Metals and Controls Nuclear Corp" in any field "Metals & Controls Corporation" in any field "Metals & Controls Corp." in any field "Metals & Controls Nuclear Corporation" in any field "Metals & Controls Nuclear Corp" in any field "Metals and Controls" + 01/01/1947 - 03/19/2008 "M&C Nuclear" thorium "Texas Instruments" thorium, Attleboro 

Energy Citations http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/ COMPLETED 03/28/2008 

Research Org Contains (M & C Nuclear) Research Org Contains (Metals and Controls) "Metals and Controls" thorium "M&C Nuclear" thorium "Texas Instruments" thorium 

28 of 33
SEC-00149 08-17-09 FINAL 

Table A1-2: Database Searches For Metals And Controls Corp. 

Database/Source Keywords 

Google http://www.google.com COMPLETED 04/04/2008 

radium "toggle switch" Navy radium "toggle switch" Navy "Metals and Controls" radioluminescent toggle switches "Metals and Controls Corporation" "Metals and Controls Nuclear Corporation" "Metals and Controls Nuclear Corp" "M & C Nuclear Corp" "Texas Instruments" Toggle Switch "USS Iowa" "Toggle Switch" "Navy Line Circuit Breakers" Radium Phosphorescence radium phosphorescence "toggle switch" "radium phosphorescence" "toggle switch" "Navy uses of radium in circuit boards" "Navy uses of radium in toggle switches" "Navy toggle switches" Navy "toggle switches" Navy radium "toggle switches" "USS Iowa" "Circuit Breakers" "USS Iowa" "Circuit Breaker" "Mil Spec" "Circuit Breakers" radium "Mil Spec" "Toggle Switch" radium Radium Lampenwerke toggle Radium Lampenwerke circuit "radium paint" "toggle switch" OR "Circuit Board" americium, OR Am241, OR Am-241, OR "AM 241", OR 241Am, OR 241-Am, OR "241 Am" +"Metals and Controls" -EEOICPA, -ORAU, -NIOSH ionium, OR Th230, OR Th-230, OR "Th 230", OR 230Th, OR 230-Th, OR "230 Th" +"Metals and Controls" -EEOICPA, -ORAU, -NIOSH thorium, OR Th232, OR Th-232, OR "Th 232", OR 232Th, OR 232-Th, OR "232 Th", OR "Z metal", OR myrnalloy, OR "chemical 10-66", OR "chemical 10-12" +"Metals and Controls" -EEOICPA, -ORAU, -NIOSH 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches For Metals And Controls Corp. 

Database/Source Keywords 

ionium, OR UX1, OR UX2, OR Th-230, OR Th230, OR "Th 230", OR 230-Th, OR "230 Th", OR 230Th, OR Th-234, OR Th234, OR "Th 234", OR 234-Th, OR 234Th, OR "234 Th" +"Metals and Controls" -EEOICPA, -ORAU, -NIOSH radium, OR Ra-226, OR Ra226, OR "Ra 226", OR 226-Ra, OR 226Ra, OR 226-Ra, OR Ra-228, OR Ra228, OR "Ra 228", OR 228Ra, OR 228-Ra, OR "228 Ra" +"Metals and Controls" -EEOICPA, -ORAU, -NIOSH radon, OR Rn-222, OR Rn222, OR "Rn 222", OR 222Rn, OR 222-Rn, OR "222 Rn" +"Metals and Controls" -EEOICPA, -ORAU, -NIOSH thoron, OR Rn-220, OR Rn220, OR "Rn 220", OR 220Rn, OR 220-Rn, OR "220 Rn" +"Metals and Controls" -EEOICPA, -ORAU, -NIOSH americium, OR Am241, OR Am-241, OR "AM 241", OR 241Am, OR 241-Am, OR "241 Am" +"M&C Nuclear" -EEOICPA, -ORAU, -NIOSH ionium, OR Th230, OR Th-230, OR "Th 230", OR 230Th, OR 230-Th, OR "230 Th" +"M&C Nuclear" -EEOICPA, -ORAU, -NIOSH thorium, OR Th232, OR Th-232, OR "Th 232", OR 232Th, OR 232-Th, OR "232 Th", OR "Z metal", OR myrnalloy, OR "chemical 10-66", OR "chemical 10-12" +"M&C Nuclear" -EEOICPA, -ORAU, -NIOSH ionium, OR UX1, OR UX2, OR Th-230, OR Th230, OR "Th 230", OR 230-Th, OR "230 Th", OR 230Th, OR Th-234, OR Th234, OR "Th 234", OR 234-Th, OR 234Th, OR "234 Th" +"M&C Nuclear" -EEOICPA, -ORAU, -NIOSH radium, OR Ra-226, OR Ra226, OR "Ra 226", OR 226-Ra, OR 226Ra, OR 226-Ra, OR Ra-228, OR Ra228, OR "Ra 228", OR 228Ra, OR 228-Ra, OR "228 Ra" +"M&C Nuclear" -EEOICPA, -ORAU, -NIOSH 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches For Metals And Controls Corp. 

Database/Source Keywords 

radon, OR Rn-222, OR Rn222, OR "Rn 222", OR 222Rn, OR 222-Rn, OR "222 Rn" +"M&C Nuclear" -EEOICPA, -ORAU, -NIOSH thoron, OR Rn-220, OR Rn220, OR "Rn 220", OR 220Rn, OR 220-Rn, OR "220 Rn" +"M&C Nuclear" -EEOICPA, -ORAU, -NIOSH americium, OR Am241, OR Am-241, OR "AM 241", OR 241Am, OR 241-Am, OR "241 Am" +"Texas Instruments" +"Attleboro" -EEOICPA, -ORAU, -NIOSH ionium, OR Th230, OR Th-230, OR "Th 230", OR 230Th, OR 230-Th, OR "230 Th" +"Texas Instruments" +"Attleboro" -EEOICPA, -ORAU, -NIOSH thorium, OR Th232, OR Th-232, OR "Th 232", OR 232Th, OR 232-Th, OR "232 Th", OR "Z metal", OR myrnalloy, OR "chemical 10-66", OR "chemical 10-12" +"Texas Instruments" +"Attleboro" -EEOICPA, -ORAU, -NIOSH ionium, OR UX1, OR UX2, OR Th-230, OR Th230, OR "Th 230", OR 230-Th, OR "230 Th", OR 230Th, OR Th-234, OR Th234, OR "Th 234", OR 234-Th, OR 234Th, OR "234 Th" +"Texas Instruments" +"Attleboro" -EEOICPA, -ORAU, -NIOSH radium, OR Ra-226, OR Ra226, OR "Ra 226", OR 226-Ra, OR 226Ra, OR 226-Ra, OR Ra-228, OR Ra228, OR "Ra 228", OR 228Ra, OR 228-Ra, OR "228 Ra" +"Texas Instruments" +"Attleboro" -EEOICPA, -ORAU, -NIOSH radon, OR Rn-222, OR Rn222, OR "Rn 222", OR 222Rn, OR 222-Rn, OR "222 Rn" +"Texas Instruments" +"Attleboro" -EEOICPA, -ORAU, -NIOSH thoron, OR Rn-220, OR Rn220, OR "Rn 220", OR 220Rn, OR 220-Rn, OR "220 Rn" +"Texas Instruments" +"Attleboro" -EEOICPA, -ORAU, -NIOSH 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches For Metals And Controls Corp. 

Database/Source Keywords 

"Metals and Controls" + FUSRAP "M&C Nuclear" "Texas Instruments" thorium collimation OR photofluorography OR X-ray OR "X ray" OR Xray OR "x-ray screening" AND "Texas Instruments" AND Attleboro -NIOSH -EEOICPA -ORAU collimation OR photofluorography OR X-ray OR "X ray" OR Xray OR "x-ray screening" AND "Metals and Controls" AND Attleboro -NIOSH 

-EEOICPA –ORAU collimation OR photofluorography OR X-ray OR "X ray" OR Xray OR "x-ray screening" AND "M&C Nuclear" AND Attleboro -NIOSH -EEOICPA -ORAU 

Hanford DDRS http://www2.hanford.gov/declass/ COMPLETED 03/26/2008 

"Metals and Controls" + thorium Document dates between 01/01/1947 - 03/22/2008 "M&C Nuclear" thorium "Texas Instruments" thorium 

National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu/ COMPLETED 03/26/2008 

"Metals and Controls" "M&C Nuclear" thorium "Texas Instruments" thorium 

NNSA - Nevada Site Office www.nv.doe.gov/main/search.htm COMPLETED 03/26/2008 

"Metals and Controls" + thorium "M&C Nuclear" thorium "Texas Instruments" thorium 

NRC ADAMS Reading Room http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams/web-based.html COMPLETED 03/27/2008 

Metals and Controls in title "Metals and Controls" in Title "Metal & Controls, Inc. in Addressee Affiliation "Texas Instruments, Inc" in Author Affiliation "Texas Instruments, Inc" in Addressee Affiliation "Toggle Switch" in title Radium in title "Metals and Controls" + thorium Document dates between 01/01/1947 - 03/22/2008 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches For Metals And Controls Corp. 

Database/Source Keywords 

"M&C Nuclear" thorium "Texas Instruments" thorium 

U.S. Transuranium & Uranium Registries http://www.ustur.wsu.edu/ COMPLETED 03/27/2008 

"Texas Instruments" OR "M&C Nuclear" OR "Metals and Controls" thorium 

Table A1-3: OSTI Documents Ordered for Metals and Controls Corp. 

Document Number Document Title 

No documents requested.