SEC Petition Evaluation Report

Petition SEC-00150 

Report Rev #: 0 Report Submittal Date: April 12, 2010

Subject Expert(s): Roger Halsey, Joseph Guido, Paul Ruhter

Site Expert(s): N/A

Petition Administrative Summary

Petition Under Evaluation

Petition # Petition 

Type

Petition

Receipt Date Qualification Date DOE/AWE Facility Name

SEC-00150 83.13 July 22, 2009 September 22, 2009 St. Louis Airport Storage Site

Petitioner Class Definition 

All workers who worked in any area and in any job capacity at the St. Louis Airport Storage Site in St. Louis, 

Missouri, during the operational period from January 1, 1946 through December 31, 1966, and the residual period 

from January 1, 1967 through December 31, 1998. 

Class Evaluated by NIOSH

All employees of the Department of Energy, its predecessor agencies, and its contractors and subcontractors who 

worked in any area and in any job capacity at the St. Louis Airport Storage Site in St. Louis, Missouri, from 

January 3, 1947 through December 31, 1973, and again from January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998. 

NIOSH-Proposed Class to be Added to the SEC

All employees of the Department of Energy, its predecessor agencies, and its contractors and subcontractors who 

worked in any area and in any job capacity at the St. Louis Airport Storage Site in St. Louis, Missouri, from 

January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971, for a number of work days aggregating at least 250 work days, 

occurring either solely under this employment or in combination with work days within the parameters 

established for one or more other classes of employees in the Special Exposure Cohort. 

Related Petition Summary Information 

SEC Petition Tracking #(s) Petition Type DOE/AWE Facility Name Petition Status

N/A N/A N/A N/A

Related Evaluation Report Information 

Report Title DOE/AWE Facility 

Name

N/A N/A

ORAU Lead Technical Evaluator: Roger Halsey ORAU Peer Review Completed By: Daniel Stempfley

Peer Review Completed By: [Signature on file] 4/12/2010 

LaVon Rutherford Date

[Signature on file] 4/12/2010 SEC Petition Evaluation Reviewed By:

J. W. Neton Date

[Signature on file] 4/13/2010 SEC Evaluation Approved By:

Stuart L. Hinnefeld Date
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Evaluation Report Summary: SEC-00150, St. Louis Airport Storage Site (SLAPS) 

This evaluation report by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

addresses a class of employees proposed for addition to the Special Exposure Cohort (SEC) per the 

Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 

§ 7384 et seq. (EEOICPA) and 42 C.F.R. pt. 83, Procedures for Designating Classes of Employees as 

Members of the Special Exposure Cohort under the Energy Employees Occupational Illness 

Compensation Program Act of 2000. 

Petitioner-Requested Class Definition

Petition SEC-00150 was received on July 22, 2009, and qualified on September 22, 2009. The 

petitioner requested that NIOSH consider the following class: All workers who worked in any area 

and in any job capacity at the St. Louis Airport Storage Site in St. Louis, Missouri, during the 

operational period from January 1, 1946 through December 31, 1966, and the residual period from 

January 1, 1967 through December 31, 1998.

Class Evaluated by NIOSH

Based on a December 14th letter from the Department of Labor clarifying the covered period for the 

St. Louis Airport Storage site, NIOSH modified the petitioner-requested class. NIOSH evaluated the 

following class: All employees of the Department of Energy, its predecessor agencies, and its 

contractors and subcontractors who worked in any area and in any job capacity at the St. Louis Airport 

Storage Site in St. Louis, Missouri, from January 3, 1947 through December 31, 1973, and again from 

January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998. 

NIOSH-Proposed Class to be Added to the SEC

Based on its full research of the class under evaluation, NIOSH has defined a single class of 

employees for which NIOSH cannot estimate radiation doses with sufficient accuracy. The NIOSHproposed class includes all employees of the Department of Energy, its predecessor agencies, and its 

contractors and subcontractors who worked in any area and in any job capacity at the St. Louis Airport 

Storage Site in St. Louis, Missouri, from January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971, for a number of 

work days aggregating at least 250 work days, occurring either solely under this employment or in 

combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more other classes of 

employees in the SEC. NIOSH recommended this because of the uncharacterized material in residue

piles during this time period. The period from November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973, is after 

residues were removed and the site was cleaned up; NIOSH finds that it can bound doses for the 

evaluated class during this period. NIOSH also finds that it can bound the doses for the evaluated 

class during the January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998 period using the Baseline Risk 

Assessment for Exposure to Contaminants at the St. Louis Site, St. Louis, Missouri. 

Feasibility of Dose Reconstruction

NIOSH finds it is not feasible to estimate internal exposures with sufficient accuracy for all workers at 

the site from January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971. During this time, there were many tons of 

raffinate residues in storage piles without cover or controls to protect personnel from internal 

exposures. These residues contained uranium and uranium progeny in disequilibrium that were not 

sufficiently radiologically characterized. Workers were not adequately monitored for internal

exposure to these materials. Consequently, NIOSH lacks sufficient information, which includes 
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biological monitoring data, sufficient air monitoring information, or sufficient process and 

radiological source information, to allow it to estimate with sufficient accuracy the potential internal 

exposures to various radionuclides to which the proposed class may have been subjected.

With the exception of the period from January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971, of the evaluated 

class, per EEOICPA and 42 C.F.R. § 83.13(c)(1), NIOSH has established that it has access to 

sufficient information to: (1) estimate the maximum radiation dose, for every type of cancer for which 

radiation doses are reconstructed, that could have been incurred in plausible circumstances; or (2) 

estimate radiation doses more precisely than an estimate of maximum dose. Information available 

from the site profile and additional resources is sufficient to document or estimate the maximum 

internal and external potential exposure to members of the evaluated class under plausible 

circumstances during the specified period from November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973 and 

from January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998. After November 3, 1971, the site was in a stable 

condition with all residue piles removed, all above-ground buildings removed, and with one to three 

feet of clean fill added. During this time period, Department of Energy (DOE) contractor and 

subcontractor workers were monitored for internal and external exposures. Additionally, there were 

detailed characterization efforts that defined site conditions after November 3, 1971. 

NIOSH finds that it is likely feasible to reconstruct occupational medical dose for the St. Louis 

Airport Storage site workers with sufficient accuracy.

• Through the course of on-going dose reconstruction, continued data capture efforts, and 

investigations associated with the St. Louis Airport Storage site, NIOSH has determined the 

inability to estimate, with sufficient accuracy, the total internal dose for St. Louis Airport Storage 

site employees from January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971. Therefore, NIOSH has 

determined that it is necessary to propose a St. Louis Airport Storage site Special Exposure Cohort 

class for the time period at the site from January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971. 

• NIOSH has determined that reconstruction of internal dose is not feasible for the time period from 

January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971, due to the lack of adequate personnel monitoring 

data, insufficient area monitoring information, and insufficient process and radiological source 

term data.

Although NIOSH found that it is not possible to completely reconstruct radiation doses for the 

proposed class, NIOSH intends to use any internal and external monitoring data that may become 

available for an individual claim (and that can be interpreted using existing NIOSH dose 

reconstruction processes or procedures). Therefore, dose reconstructions for individuals employed at 

the St. Louis Airport Storage Site during the period from January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971, 

but who do not qualify for inclusion in the Special Exposure Cohort, may be performed using these 

data as appropriate.
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Health Endangerment Determination

Per EEOICPA and 42 C.F.R. § 83.13(c)(3), a health endangerment determination is required because 

NIOSH has determined that it does not have sufficient information to estimate dose for the members 

of the proposed class from January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971. 

NIOSH did not identify any evidence supplied by the petitioners or from other resources that would 

establish that the proposed class was exposed to radiation during a discrete incident likely to have 

involved exceptionally high-level exposures. However, evidence indicates that some workers in the 

proposed class may have accumulated substantial chronic exposures through episodic intakes of 

radionuclides, combined with external exposures to gamma, beta, and neutron radiation. 

Consequently, NIOSH has determined that health was endangered for those workers covered by this 

evaluation who were employed for at least 250 aggregated work days either solely under their 

employment or in combination with work days within the parameters established for other SEC 

classes (excluding aggregate work day requirements). 

For the period November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973 and January 1, 1984 through December 

31, 1998, a health endangerment determination is not required because NIOSH has determined that it 

has sufficient information to estimate dose for the members of the evaluated class.
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Table of Contents 

1.0 Purpose and Scope .......................................................................................................................... 9

2.0 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 9

3.0 SEC-00150, St. Louis Airport Storage Site Class Definitions ..................................................... 10

3.1 Petitioner-Requested Class Definition and Basis ................................................................ 10

3.2 Class Evaluated by NIOSH ................................................................................................. 11

3.3 NIOSH-Proposed Class to be Added to the SEC ................................................................ 11

4.0 Data Sources Reviewed by NIOSH to Evaluate the Class ........................................................... 11

4.1 Site Profile Technical Basis Documents (TBDs) ................................................................ 12

4.2 ORAU Technical Information Bulletins (OTIB) ................................................................ 12

4.3 Facility Employees and Experts .......................................................................................... 12

4.4 Previous Dose Reconstructions ........................................................................................... 13

4.5 NIOSH Site Research Database .......................................................................................... 13

4.6 Documentation and/or Affidavits Provided by Petitioners ................................................. 14

5.0 Radiological Operations Relevant to the Class Evaluated by NIOSH ......................................... 14

5.1 SLAPS Description ............................................................................................................. 14

5.1.1 Stored Residues/Materials ....................................................................................... 15

5.1.2 Sale and Removal of Residues and Scrap ............................................................... 17

5.1.3 FUSRAP Period ....................................................................................................... 19

5.1.4 SLAPS Employees .................................................................................................. 19

5.2 Radiological Exposure Sources from SLAPS Operations ................................................... 20

5.2.1 Internal Radiological Exposure Sources from SLAPS Operations ......................... 20

5.2.1.1 Uranium .................................................................................................... 20

5.2.1.2 Radium-226 .............................................................................................. 22

5.2.1.3 Thorium-230 ............................................................................................. 23

5.2.2 External Radiological Exposure Sources from SLAPS Operations ........................ 23

5.2.2.1 Photon ....................................................................................................... 23

5.2.2.2 Beta ........................................................................................................... 24

5.2.2.3 Neutron ..................................................................................................... 25

5.2.3 Incidents .................................................................................................................. 25

6.0 Summary of Available Monitoring Data for the Class Evaluated by NIOSH ............................. 26

6.1 Available SLAPS Internal Monitoring Data ....................................................................... 26

6.2 Available SLAPS External Monitoring Data ...................................................................... 27

7.0 Feasibility of Dose Reconstruction for the Class Evaluated by NIOSH ...................................... 28

7.1 Pedigree of SLAPS Data ..................................................................................................... 29

7.1.1 Internal Monitoring Data Pedigree Review ............................................................. 29

7.1.2 External Monitoring Data Pedigree Review ............................................................ 29

7.2 Evaluation of Bounding Internal Radiation Doses at SLAPS ............................................. 30

7.2.1 Evaluation of Bounding Process-Related Internal Doses ........................................ 30

7.2.1.1 Urinalysis Information and Available Data .............................................. 30

7.2.1.2 Airborne Levels ........................................................................................ 30
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7.2.1.3 Alternative Data Sources for Bounding Internal Dose ............................. 31

7.2.2 Evaluation of Bounding Ambient Environmental Internal Doses ........................... 32

7.2.3 Methods for Bounding Internal Dose at SLAPS ..................................................... 32

7.2.4 Internal Dose Reconstruction Feasibility Conclusion ............................................. 33

7.3 Evaluation of Bounding External Radiation Doses at SLAPS ............................................ 34

7.3.1 Evaluation of Bounding Process-Related External Doses ....................................... 34

7.3.1.1 Personnel Dosimetry Data ........................................................................ 34

7.3.1.2 Area Monitoring Data ............................................................................... 34

7.3.2 Evaluation of Bounding Ambient Environmental External Dose ........................... 35

7.3.3 SLAPS Occupational X-Ray Examinations ............................................................ 35

7.3.4 Methods for Bounding External Dose at SLAPS .................................................... 35

7.3.4.1 Methods for Bounding Operational Period External Dose ....................... 36

7.3.5 External Dose Reconstruction Feasibility Conclusion ............................................ 37

7.4 Evaluation of Petition Basis for SEC-00150 ....................................................................... 38

7.5 Summary of Feasibility Findings for Petition SEC-00150 .................................................. 38

8.0 Evaluation of Health Endangerment for Petition SEC-00150 ...................................................... 39

9.0 Class Conclusion for Petition SEC-00150 ................................................................................... 40

10.0 References .................................................................................................................................... 41

Attachment One: Data Capture Synopsis .............................................................................................. 47

Tables 

Table 4-1: No. of SLAPS Claims Submitted Under the Dose Reconstruction Rule ............................. 13

Table 5-1: Summary of Residues Stored at SLAPS .............................................................................. 15

Table 7-1: Estimated Exposures to Workers from Baseline Risk Assessment ..................................... 31

Table 7-2: Summary of Feasibility Findings for SEC-00150 ............................................................... 39

Figures 

Figure 5-1: SLAPS Residue Storage Site Map ...................................................................................... 17
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SEC Petition Evaluation Report for SEC-00150

ATTRIBUTION AND ANNOTATION: This is a single-author document. All conclusions drawn from 

the data presented in this evaluation were made by the ORAU Team Lead Technical Evaluator: Roger 

Halsey, Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU). The rationales for all conclusions in this 

document are explained in the associated text.

1.0 Purpose and Scope

This report evaluates the feasibility of reconstructing doses for all employees of the Department of 

Energy, its predecessor agencies, and its contractors and subcontractors who worked in any area and 

in any job capacity at the St. Louis Airport Storage Site in St. Louis, Missouri, from January 3, 1947 

through December 31, 1973, and again from January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998. It provides 

information and analyses germane to considering a petition for adding a class of employees to the 

congressionally-created SEC. 

This report does not make any determinations concerning the feasibility of dose reconstruction that 

necessarily apply to any individual energy employee who might require a dose reconstruction from 

NIOSH. This report also does not contain the final determination as to whether the proposed class 

will be added to the SEC (see Section 2.0). 

This evaluation was conducted in accordance with the requirements of EEOICPA, 42 C.F.R. pt. 83, 

and the guidance contained in the Division of Compensation Analysis and Support’s (DCAS) Internal 

Procedures for the Evaluation of Special Exposure Cohort Petitions, OCAS-PR-004. 

2.0 Introduction 

Both EEOICPA and 42 C.F.R. pt. 83 require NIOSH to evaluate qualified petitions requesting that the 

Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) add a class of employees to the SEC. The 

evaluation is intended to provide a fair, science-based determination of whether it is feasible to 

estimate with sufficient accuracy the radiation doses of the class of employees through NIOSH dose 

reconstructions.1

 

42 C.F.R. § 83.13(c)(1) states: Radiation doses can be estimated with sufficient accuracy if NIOSH 

has established that it has access to sufficient information to estimate the maximum radiation dose, 

for every type of cancer for which radiation doses are reconstructed, that could have been incurred in 

plausible circumstances by any member of the class, or if NIOSH has established that it has access to 

sufficient information to estimate the radiation doses of members of the class more precisely than an 

estimate of the maximum radiation dose.

 

Under 42 C.F.R. § 83.13(c)(3), if it is not feasible to estimate with sufficient accuracy radiation doses 

for members of the class, then NIOSH must determine that there is a reasonable likelihood that such 

radiation doses may have endangered the health of members of the class The regulation requires 

NIOSH to assume that any duration of unprotected exposure may have endangered the health of 

members of a class when it has been established that the class may have been exposed to radiation 

 

1 NIOSH dose reconstructions under EEOICPA are performed using the methods promulgated under 42 C.F.R. pt. 82 and 

the detailed implementation guidelines available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas.
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during a discrete incident likely to have involved levels of exposure similarly high to those occurring 

during nuclear criticality incidents. If the occurrence of such an exceptionally high-level exposure has 

not been established, then NIOSH is required to specify that health was endangered for those workers 

who were employed for at least 250 aggregated work days within the parameters established for the 

class or in combination with work days within the parameters established for other SEC classes 

(excluding aggregate work day requirements). 

NIOSH is required to document its evaluation in a report, and to do so, relies upon both its own dose 

reconstruction expertise as well as technical support from its contractor, Oak Ridge Associated 

Universities (ORAU). Once completed, NIOSH provides the report to both the petitioner(s) and to the 

Advisory Board on Radiation and Worker Health (Board). The Board will consider the NIOSH 

evaluation report, together with the petition, petitioner(s) comments, and other information the Board 

considers appropriate, in order to make recommendations to the Secretary of HHS on whether or not 

to add one or more classes of employees to the SEC. Once NIOSH has received and considered the 

advice of the Board, the Director of NIOSH will propose a decision on behalf of HHS. The Secretary 

of HHS will make the final decision, taking into account the NIOSH evaluation, the advice of the 

Board, and the proposed decision issued by NIOSH. As part of this decision process, petitioners may 

seek a review of certain types of final decisions issued by the Secretary of HHS.

2

3.0 SEC-00150, St. Louis Airport Storage Site Class Definitions 

 

The following subsections address the evolution of the class definition for SEC-00150, the St. Louis 

Airport Storage (SLAPS) site. When a petition is submitted, the requested class definition is reviewed

as submitted. Based on its review of the available site information and data, NIOSH will make a 

determination whether to qualify for full evaluation all, some, or no part of the petitioner-requested

class. If some portion of the petitioner-requested class is qualified, NIOSH will specify that class 

along with a justification for any modification of petitioner’s class. After a full evaluation of the 

qualified class, NIOSH will determine whether to propose a class for addition to the SEC and will 

specify that proposed class definition. 

3.1 Petitioner-Requested Class Definition and Basis

Petition SEC-00150 was received on July 22, 2009, and qualified on September 22, 2009. The 

petitioner requested that NIOSH consider the following class: All workers who worked in any area 

and in any job capacity at the St. Louis Airport Storage Site in St. Louis, Missouri, during the 

operational period from January 1, 1946 through December 31, 1966, and the residual period from 

January 1, 1967 through December 31, 1998. 

The petitioner provided information and affidavit statements in support of the petitioner’s belief that 

accurate dose reconstruction over time is impossible for the St. Louis Airport Storage workers in 

question. NIOSH deemed the following information and affidavit statements sufficient to qualify 

SEC-00150 for evaluation: 

To the best of my knowledge, there was no internal monitoring of the St. Louis Airport 

Storage Site (SLAPS) employees (workers). 

 

2 See 42 C.F.R. pt. 83 for a full description of the procedures summarized here. Additional internal procedures are 

available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas.
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Based on its SLAPS research and data capture efforts, NIOSH determined that internal (and external) 

monitoring was performed for SLAPS site workers during the time period under evaluation. 

However, NIOSH also determined that this monitoring did not adequately assess all potential 

exposures (i.e., the monitoring was inadequate in that not all radionuclides were monitored during the 

applicable periods under the bioassay program). NIOSH concluded that there is sufficient 

documentation to support, for at least part of the requested time period, the petition basis that internal 

radiation exposures and radiation doses were not adequately monitored at SLAPS, either through 

personal monitoring or area monitoring. The information and statements provided by the petitioner 

qualified the petition for further consideration by NIOSH, the Board, and HHS. 

3.2 Class Evaluated by NIOSH

On December 14, 2009 the Department of Labor (DOL) issued a letter that changed the designation of 

St. Louis Airport Storage site from an Atomic Weapons Employer (AWE) to a DOE facility and 

changed the covered period from 1946 through 1966, to January 3, 1947 through 1973 and from 1984 

through 1998 [EEOICPA does not provide for residual contamination periods for DOE sites.] (DOL,

2009). In addition, DOE issued a letter dated April 8, 2010, that removed the AWE designation for 

1946 through 1966 (DOE, 2010). Based on these changes, NIOSH modified the petitioner-requested

class. NIOSH defined the following class for further evaluation: All employees of the Department of 

Energy, its predecessor agencies, and its contractors and subcontractors who worked in any area and 

in any job capacity at the St. Louis Airport Storage Site in St. Louis, Missouri, from January 3, 1947 

through December 31, 1973, and again from January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998. 

3.3 NIOSH-Proposed Class to be Added to the SEC

Based on its research of the class under evaluation, NIOSH has defined a single class of employees for 

which NIOSH cannot estimate radiation doses with sufficient accuracy. The NIOSH-proposed class 

to be added to the SEC includes all employees of the Department of Energy, its predecessor agencies, 

and its contractors and subcontractors who worked in any area and in any job capacity at the St. Louis 

Airport Storage Site in St. Louis, Missouri, from January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971, for a 

number of work days aggregating at least 250 work days, occurring either solely under this 

employment or in combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more 

other classes of employees in the Special Exposure Cohort. 

4.0 Data Sources Reviewed by NIOSH to Evaluate the Class

As a standard practice, NIOSH completed an extensive database and Internet search for information 

regarding SLAPS. The database search included the DOE Legacy Management Considered Sites 

database, the DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI) database, the Energy 

Citations database, the Atomic Energy Technical Report database, and the Hanford Declassified 

Document Retrieval System. In addition to general Internet searches, the NIOSH Internet search 

included OSTI OpenNet Advanced searches, OSTI Information Bridge Fielded searches, Nuclear 

Regulatory Commission (NRC) Agency-wide Documents Access and Management (ADAMS) web 

searches, the DOE Office of Human Radiation Experiments website, and the DOE-National Nuclear 

Security Administration-Nevada Site Office-search. Attachment One contains a summary of SLAPS 

site documents. The summary specifically identifies data capture details and general descriptions of 

the documents retrieved.
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In addition to the database and Internet searches listed above, NIOSH identified and reviewed 

numerous data sources to determine information relevant to determining the feasibility of dose 

reconstruction for the class of employees under evaluation. This included determining the availability 

of information on personal monitoring, area monitoring, industrial processes, and radiation source 

materials. The following subsections summarize the data sources identified and reviewed by NIOSH. 

4.1 Site Profile Technical Basis Documents (TBDs) 

A Site Profile provides specific information concerning the documentation of historical practices at 

the specified site. Dose reconstructors can use the Site Profile to evaluate internal and external 

dosimetry data for monitored and unmonitored workers, and to supplement, or substitute for, 

individual monitoring data. A Site Profile consists of an Introduction and five Technical Basis 

Documents (TBDs) that provide process history information, information on personal and area 

monitoring, radiation source descriptions, and references to primary documents relevant to the 

radiological operations at the site. The Site Profile for a small site may consist of a single document. 

As part of NIOSH’s evaluation detailed herein, it examined the following TBD for insights into 

SLAPS operations or related topics/operations at other sites: 

• Basis for Development of an Exposure Matrix for the Mallinckrodt Chemical Company St. Louis 

Downtown Site and the St. Louis Airport Site, St. Louis, Missouri; ORAUT-TKBS-0005; Rev. 02 

PC-1; May 25, 2009; SRDB Ref ID: 67979 

4.2 ORAU Technical Information Bulletins (OTIB) 

An ORAU Technical Information Bulletin (OTIB) is a general working document that provides 

guidance for preparing dose reconstructions at particular sites or categories of sites. NIOSH reviewed 

the following OTIB as part of its evaluation: 

• OTIB: Dose Reconstruction from Occupationally Related Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures, ORAUTOTIB-0006; December 21, 2005; SRDB Ref ID: 20220

4.3 Facility Employees and Experts

To obtain additional information, NIOSH interviewed seven individuals considered knowledgeable 

about the SLAPS site. NIOSH selected individuals based on their known experience and likelihood 

that they would be knowledgeable about (1) workplace radiation fields, hazards, and practices to 

control worker exposure; (2) potential radionuclide intakes as evidenced by workplace controls, 

monitoring policies and procedures, and bioassay data; and (3) measurements of the beta and photon 

exposure to workers. 

• Personal Communication, 2009a, Personal Communication with Former Mallinckrodt Chemical 

Works Engineer; Telephone Interview by ORAU Team; November 18, 2009, 4:30 PM EST; 

SRDB Ref ID: 77841 

• Personal Communication, 2009b, Personal Communication with Former Mallinckrodt Chemical 

Works and Weldon Spring Plant Employee; Telephone Interview by ORAU Team; November 23, 

2009, 11:00 AM EST; SRDB Ref ID: 77844
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• Personal Communication, 2009c, Personal Communication with Former Mallinckrodt Chemical 

Works and SLAPS Laborer; Telephone Interview by ORAU Team; November 24, 2009, 11:00 

AM EST; SRDB Ref ID: 77843 

• Personal Communication, 2009d, Personal Communication with Former Mallinckrodt Chemical 

Works and Weldon Spring Plant Employee; Telephone Interview by ORAU Team; December 2, 

2009, 10:30 AM EST; SRDB Ref ID: 77837

• Personal Communication, 2009e, Personal Communication with Former SLAPS Laborer; 

Telephone Interview by ORAU Team; December 2, 2009, 5:00 PM EST; SRDB Ref ID: 77839

• Personal Communication, 2009f, Personal Communication with Former Mallinckrodt Chemical 

Works, Weldon Spring, and SLAPS Laborer; Telephone Interview by ORAU Team; December 7, 

2009, 7:00 PM EST; SRDB Ref ID: 77840

• Personal Communication, 2009g, Personal Communication with Former SLAPS Laborer; 

Telephone Interview by ORAU Team; December 15, 2009, 3:00 PM EST; SRDB Ref ID: 77836 

4.4 Previous Dose Reconstructions

NIOSH reviewed its NIOSH OCAS Claims Tracking System (NOCTS) to locate EEOICPA-related 

dose reconstructions that might provide information relevant to the petition evaluation. Table 4-1 

summarizes the results of this review. (NOCTS data available as of January 6, 2010) 

Table 4-1: No. of SLAPS Claims Submitted Under the Dose Reconstruction Rule

Description Totals

Total number of claims submitted for dose reconstruction 3 

Total number of claims submitted for energy employees who meet the definition criteria for the class 

under evaluation (January 3, 1947-December 31, 1973; January 1, 1984-December 31, 1998) 3 

Number of dose reconstructions completed for energy employees who meet the definition criteria for 

the class under evaluation (i.e., the number of such claims completed by NIOSH and submitted to the 

Department of Labor for final approval). 2 

Number of claims for which internal dosimetry records were obtained for the identified years in the 

evaluated class definition 1 

Number of claims for which external dosimetry records were obtained for the identified years in the 

evaluated class definition 2 

NIOSH reviewed each claim to determine whether internal and/or external personal monitoring 

records could be obtained for the employee. 

4.5 NIOSH Site Research Database

NIOSH also examined its Site Research Database (SRDB) to locate documents supporting the 

assessment of the evaluated class. Three hundred eighty-four documents in this database were 

identified as pertaining to SLAPS. These documents were evaluated for their relevance to this 

petition. The documents include historical background on monitoring and program descriptions (e.g., 

dust sampling, air monitoring, urinalysis data, radiological control program, medical monitoring, 

process materials, and process description). 
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4.6 Documentation and/or Affidavits Provided by Petitioners

In qualifying and evaluating the petition, NIOSH reviewed the following documents submitted by the 

petitioners:

• Petition Form B for SEC-00150; received July 22, 2009; OSA Ref ID: 109347, pp. 1-9 (Form B, 

2009)

• Affidavit from Former SLAPS Employee; July 17, 2009; OSA Ref ID: 109347, p. 10 (Affidavit, 

2009)

5.0 Radiological Operations Relevant to the Class Evaluated by 

NIOSH

The following subsections summarize both radiological operations at SLAPS from January 3, 1947 

through December 31, 1973 and January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998 and the information 

available to NIOSH to characterize particular processes and radioactive source materials. From 

available sources NIOSH has gathered process and source descriptions, information regarding the 

identity and quantities of each radionuclide of concern, and information describing processes through 

which radiation exposures may have occurred and the physical environment in which they may have 

occurred. The information included within this evaluation report is intended only to be a summary of 

the available information. 

5.1 SLAPS Description

Beginning in the mid 1940s, the Manhattan Engineer District (MED) acquired a 21.7 acre site north of 

the St. Louis International Airport to be used as a storage site for residues resulting from the 

processing of uranium ores. Most of the materials stored at the site (now referred to as the St. Louis 

Airport Storage site or SLAPS) were residues generated by Mallinckrodt Chemical Works during 

uranium processing operations for the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) from 19463 through 1953 

(Aerospace Corporation, post-1973). The residues remained at SLAPS after Mallinckrodt ceased 

production until they were sold to a private company in 1966. From 1966 through 1969, most of the 

stored materials were removed from the SLAPS site; however, some contaminated wastes were buried 

on site (Aerospace Corporation, post-1973). 

After the removal of the residues, the St. Louis Airport Authority removed all above-ground structures 

and added clean fill over the remaining buried materials. The city took possession of the property in 

1973. The DOE was authorized to reacquire the property in 1984, where it was managed under the 

Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP). DOE assumed ownership in 1990 and 

possessed the property until the FUSRAP Program was transferred to the United States Army Corps 

of Engineers in 1998 (Pena, 1997).

 

3 A December 14th letter from DOL clarifying the covered period for the St. Louis Airport Storage site indicates that the 

DOE covered period begins January 3, 1947.
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5.1.1 Stored Residues/Materials

Uranium extraction was performed by the Mallinckrodt Chemical Works, under a contract with the 

MED, at its Destrehan Street Plant in St. Louis, Missouri. For the initial years of operation, only 

pitchblende ores from the Belgian Congo were processed. Later, domestic ores of much lower 

uranium assay from western states were also processed.

Within the working draft document, The North County Uranium Residues Historical Synopsis, 

prepared by the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers for the FUSRAP Program, is a flow diagram of the 

chemical process used at Mallinckrodt; it shows the sources of the residues stored at the SLAPS site

(Army Corps, 2002, p. 107). In general, the chemical process used at the Destrehan Street Plant 

separated uranium metal from other materials in the ores, including the radioactive uranium progeny. 

A carbonate leach process was used to remove certain metals including radium, and generated the K65 and AJ-4 residues. The raffinates were the result of a solvent extraction process and contained 

thorium, notably thorium-230, and other metals and rare earths. Other residue streams were created 

after the uranium was purified, such as the C-liner slag.

Table 5-1 shows the residues stored at SLAPS and includes the maximum inventories and storage 

dates.

Table 5-1: Summary of Residues Stored at SLAPS

Material Name Code

Max. 

Inventory 

(tons)

Uranium 

Inventory 

(tons)

Materials 

Received 

(years)

Materials 

Removed 

(years)

Pitchblende Raffinate AM-7 74,000 113.2 1946 - 1955 1966 - 1967

Colorado Raffinate AM-10 32,500 47.6 1946 - 1955 1966 - 1967

Barium Sulfate Cake AJ-4 10,200 29 1946 - 1955 1966 - 1967

Radium Bearing Residues K-65 1,757 4.6 1946 - 1948 1948 - 1949

Vitro Residues C-6 290 1.9 1954 1966 - 1967

Interim Residue Plant Tailings C-701 4,000 239 Late 1950s 1959

Captured Japanese Uranium-containing Sand V-10 60 0.2 1954 1966 - 1967

C-Liner Slag None 7,800 122.3 1946 - 1953 1959, 1966 - 1967

Scrap Metal None 3,500 Unknown 1946 - 1959 1962

Source: This table was created with information from AEC, 1967, p. 8 and Aerospace Corporation, post-1973, pp. 56-57.

Pitchblende Raffinate (AM-7) 

The AM-7 raffinate was a residue resulting from the processing of pitchblende ores at the 

Mallinckrodt Destrehan Street Plant that was stored in bulk at SLAPS. Between 1955 and 1957, 

about 350 tons of the AM-7 was returned to the Mallinckrodt Destrehan Street Plant to recover 

thorium-230. The resulting residues from this operation were then returned to storage at SLAPS. 

African Metals maintained ownership of the pitchblende raffinate residues, as they possessed 

significant quantities of rare earth minerals as well as other marketable metals such as nickel, cobalt, 

copper and radium. As a result, pitchblende raffinate residues were not disposed of as waste, but were 

retained (Bechtel, 1981; Army Corps, 2002, p. 21) until the 1950s when the market value of the 

metals contained in the residues, nickel, cobalt, and copper decreased, and the African Metals 

Corporation abandoned the pitchblende raffinates (Army Corps, 2002, p. 34). The AM-7 was 

included in the site sale of the residues in 1966 to Continental Mining and Milling Company, and was 

moved to the Latty Avenue site from 1966 to 1967 (Army Corps, 2002, p. 41). 
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Colorado Raffinate (AM-10) 

The AM-10 raffinate was a residue resulting from the processing of domestic ores at the Mallinckrodt 

Destrehan Street Plant. It was stored in bulk at SLAPS, separately from the AM-7. It was also part of 

the residues sold to Continental and removed from 1966 to 1967 (Army Corps, 2002, p. 41). 

Barium Sulfate Cake (AJ-4) 

Barium sulfate cake residue, AJ-4, was another product of the Mallinckrodt Destrehan Street 

Refinery; it was stored in bulk, on the ground at SLAPS. African Metals relinquished ownership of 

the barium cake, which was then part of the residue sold to Continental in 1966, and moved to the 

Latty Avenue, Missouri site for storage. However, traces of AJ-4 remained at the SLAPS site and 

were removed and disposed of at the Weldon Spring quarry in 1969 by the St. Louis Lambert Airport 

Authority (Army Corps, 2002, p. 42). 

Radium-Bearing Residues (K-65) 

The procurement contract between the United States and African Metals, the supplier of pitchblende 

ore, required that radium-bearing residues be stored for eventual return to African Metals who 

retained ownership of the radium-226. For this reason, these residues, referred to as K-65, were stored 

in metal drums and were not subject to dispersal by wind and rain. In 1948 and 1949, the K-65 

residue was shipped back to Mallinckrodt to be reprocessed for additional uranium recovery 

(Unknown 1959), after which it was sent to the Lake Ontario Ordinance Works. The drums in which 

it had been stored were returned to SLAPS for storage. 

C-Liner Slag 

The C-Liner slag resulted from the separation of slag from the reduction step at the Mallinckrodt 

Destrehan Street Plant. Shipments to SLAPS began March 10, 1946 and continued until early 1953 

when the dolomite liner was replaced by a recycled magnesium-fluoride liner. As of April 11, 1959, 

SLAPS inventory showed 7,800 tons of C-Liner slag, containing 122.3 tons of uranium. A portion 

was sent to Fernald for processing in the early 1960s. As of November 1965, SLAPS inventory 

showed 4,000 tons containing 49 tons uranium. After an amendment to the 1966 sale, the remaining 

slag was transferred offsite to Continental (Aerospace Corporation, post-1973).

Interim Residue Plant Tailings (C-701) 

The interim residue plant tailings were from operations at the Mallinckrodt Destrehan Street Plant site 

and are described as the end product from "non-uranium bearing slurry" (MCW, 1956, p. 6). The 

tailings were shipped to Fernald and processed in the late 1950s (Aerospace Corporation, post-1973); 

the material would not have been on the SLAPS site after 1959. The bulk of the material was 

described as having 144 tons of uranium within 7,000 tons of material (Aerospace Corporation, post1973).

Vitro Residues (C-6) and Captured Japanese Sands (V-10) 

It is believed that the Vitro residues were generated at Vitro Corporation's facility in Canonsburg, 

Pennsylvania, during the reprocessing of MgF2-liner material for the recovery of uranium (Army 

Corps, 2002, p. 36). Vitro residues and captured-Japanese uranium-containing sands and precipitates 

were stored at SLAPS in approximately 2,400 drums. They were transferred to the SLAPS site from 

Middlesex, New Jersey, in 1954 during closeout of that site (Aerospace Corporation, post-1973). A 

portion of the residues were sent to Fernald for processing in the early 1960s; a November 1965 
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inventory indicates 4,000 tons containing 49 tons uranium. The remaining Vitro residues and 

Japanese sands were transferred to Continental Mining and Milling, Inc. in an amendment to the 1966 

sale (Aerospace Corporation, post-1973, p. 57).

Scrap Metal

In 1952, a portion of the western part of the SLAPS plot where contaminated metal and debris were 

buried was filled in with six to eight feet of earth (Sapirie, 1964, p. 9). Approximately 55,000 empty 

30- and 50- gallon drums and 3,500 tons of contaminated steel and alloy scrap had accumulated at the 

SLAPS site by 1959. Between 1959 and 1960, some of the scrap and rubble from the demolition and 

decontamination of the Mallinckrodt St. Louis site facilities was buried at the west end of the site 

(Sapirie, 1972, p. 1; DOE, 1979, p. 14). The AEC began efforts to sell and remove the residues in 

order to remove SLAPS from the government inventory in 1965 (Army Corps, 2002, p. 34). The 

scrap metal, including the empty drums were sold in 1966 to David Witherspoon Inc. and removed 

from the site by 1967 (Army Corps, 2002, p. 29). 

No characterization information has been located for the contaminated scrap metal. There is no 

indication that any of the buried materials were removed from the site through the end of 1998. 

Figure 5-1 shows a SLAPS site map indicating where the residues were stored. A fence surrounding 

the site prevented casual entry onto the site and thus limited direct exposure to members of the public. 

Figure 5-1: SLAPS Residue Storage Site Map

5.1.2 Sale and Removal of Residues and Scrap 

In April 1959, loading facilities and a railroad siding were installed, apparently in preparation for 

transporting the residues and other material (Unknown, 1959, p. 1). The residues were advertised for 

sale on multiple occasions. In 1960, the AEC listed the inventories for AM-7, AM-10, and AJ-4 as 

shown in Table 5-1, along with 3,500 tons of miscellaneous material in drums containing two 
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additional tons of uranium (Army Corps, 2002, p. 35). On February 25, 1966, Continental Mining 

and Milling, Inc. purchased these residues.

In addition to the residues from processing uranium ores, a significant amount of scrap metal and 

drums had been stored at SLAPS. By 1960, there were approximately 50,000 empty drums and 

approximately 3,500 tons of contaminated steel and alloy scrap stored at the SLAPS site (Army 

Corps, 2002, p. 29). The majority of the scrap metals were sold for their metal salvage values. David 

Witherspoon, Inc. of Knoxville, Tennessee, purchased the bulk of the scrap metal on June 8, 1962. 

Terms of the contract specified that all metal scrap above existing ground level that was capable of 

being removed without excavation equipment, was to be considered part of the scrap materials offered 

for sale. The contract also specified that the material purchased under this contract was considered to 

contain source material subject to licensing requirements and AEC regulations. 

A status report from February 15, 1963, indicated that the contractor (i.e., Witherspoon) was using an 

"electromagnet drop hammer” to crush drums on the SLAPS site. At the time of the status report, 

Witherspoon had been on site for approximately eight months, and it was anticipated that it would 

take an additional two months to complete the removal of the scrap (Army Corps, 2002, p. 32).

In 1966-1967, Continental Mining and Milling, Inc. moved the residues from SLAPS to a site at Latty 

Avenue in Hazelwood, Missouri (AEC, 1967, p.11; Mattingly, 2004). This was said to have required 

ten dump trucks operating for five months to move a total of 100,000 tons of residue (AEC, 1967, 

p.11). Except for the AJ-4 residue area where the surface radiation reading was about 3 mrad/hr, the 

removal of residue piles restored all areas to less than 1 mrad/hr (Sapirie, 1972, p. 2).

The St. Louis Airport Authority expressed interest in the SLAPS property and agreed to 

decontaminate the property, per an acquisition permit dated November 10, 1969. This agreement 

included the removal of all above-ground structures and the addition of one or more feet of clean fill 

dirt (Roth, 1967, p. 3). The work, apparently performed by city employees (ANL, 1981, p. 24), 

occurred during the period from January 1969 through December 1969, under procedures developed 

and monitored by the St. Louis Health Department and approved by AEC (Unknown, unknown, p. 

79). 

The few remaining buildings were razed and buried, leaving only a fence that surrounded the clean fill 

surface. These efforts effectively removed the major sources of radiation exposure and minimized the 

accessibility to the remaining radioactive materials that remained buried at SLAPS. In December 

1969, per the criteria given in the acquisition permit, a radiation survey was conducted. Eleven areas, 

ranging in size from 10 square feet to 50,000 square feet, were found with gamma levels greater than 

1 mR/hr. An additional two to three feet of fill dirt was placed over these areas to achieve acceptable 

radiation levels (DOE, 1979, p. 15). A final radiation survey of the site was completed on November 

3, 1971. Beta-gamma levels at the ground surface were found to be within the agreed-upon criteria. 

Levels were generally less than 0.05 mrad/hr, although there were some isolated areas of 0.2 mrad/hr. 

No area exceeded 1 mrad/hr (Sapirie, 1972). There is no indication in any of the documents that 

NIOSH reviewed that the site radiological conditions changed after this survey through 1973. 

On June 8, 1973, the deed to the property was transferred from the AEC to the St. Louis Airport 

Authority (Roth, 1967, p. 3) and the property was owned by the St. Louis Airport Authority until 

1989. 
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5.1.3 FUSRAP Period

The 1984 Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act (Public Law 98-3060) authorized DOE 

to reacquire the property from the city for use as a permanent disposal site for the wastes already on 

the property, contaminated soil in the surrounding ditches, and the waste from the nearby Hazelwood 

Interim Storage Site, the location on Latty Avenue where the residues were originally transferred 

(Mattingly, 2004). DOE assumed ownership of SLAPS in 1990, and in addition to the environmental 

monitoring activities, characterization activities became more active. In 1996, nearly 50 workers were 

involved from April to October. 

The radioactive material that remained on the SLAPS site was the buried materials remaining from the 

operational period. The radioisotopes of concern were uranium (uranium-235 and uranium-238), 

uranium-238 decay products (principally thorium-230, radium-226, and radon-222), thorium-232, and 

thorium-228. These materials were not disturbed except as part of the environmental monitoring 

activities. 

The AEC/ERDA/DOE had no routine operations being conducted at SLAPS except environmental 

monitoring. The only exception to environmental monitoring activities took place in 1985 to repair 

soil bank erosion along Coldwater Creek on the west side of SLAPS, adjacent to the site. A project 

was completed with a gabion structure, which served to repair and prevent future erosion of this bank. 

Consequently, the routine activities at SLAPS did not involve any continuous occupancy. The 

environmental monitoring resulted in periodic (typically performed on a quarterly basis) visits for the 

purpose of changing out thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and collecting samples and data that 

was used in the production of annual environmental monitoring reports and occasional radiological 

characterization reports. For example, a radiological survey of SLAPS, published by ORNL in 

September 1979 reports the results of surveys conducted during the weeks of November 14, 1976 and 

August 28, 1978 (DOE, 1979); Weston Environmental also participated during the latter week. 

Stream sampling performed on April 14, 1979 was also reported. These dates are listed to indicate the 

infrequent nature of visits to SLAPS during this period. 

In 1993, the SLAPS site was described as “grassy, with a slight incline to the east” (Argonne, 1993). 

Maintenance and surveillance, including environmental monitoring, were the only activities taking 

place at SLAPS. A trailer was located on the property to support environmental monitoring activities. 

Access into the SLAPS site was locked, so workers would not have entered without a specific 

purpose. 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory performed the environmental monitoring activities during the first 

part of the FUSRAP period. Bechtel National, Inc., under a DOE contract, assumed these 

responsibilities in the fourth quarter of 1983. Bechtel National, Inc. also had responsibility for the 

remediation investigation activities that were conducted through 1997. In October 1997, the FUSRAP 

program was transferred to the U.S. Army Corp. of Engineers (Pena, 1997). 

5.1.4 SLAPS Employees

From 1947 through July 1953, although the AEC owned the site, Mallinckrodt employees appear to 

have performed the residue delivery and placement-related work (ORAUT-TKBS-0005, p. 22). 

Placement of the residues involved truck drivers (who were reported not come into contact with the 

residues) and equipment operators that used caterpillar bulldozers, pay loaders, and forklifts to 

manipulate and place the residues and various contaminated equipment (Caplan, 1949, p. 3; Personal 
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Communication, 2009b). While the truck drivers were not Mallinckrodt employees, the equipment 

operators were all Mallinckrodt employees (Personal Communication, 2009b). In addition to the 

truck drivers and equipment operators, full-time guards were also located at the SLAPS site from 

1946 through 1951 (Unknown, 1959, p. 1). 

Removal of the scrap metal in 1962 through 1963 and the residues in 1966 through 1967 was 

performed by employees and subcontractors of the companies that purchased them (Army Corps, 

2002, p. 29; AEC, 1967, p. 11). 

Building demolition and burial in 1969 was performed by employees of the City of St. Louis, 

Missouri (ANL, 1981, p. 24). 

Between 1984 and 1998, site activities consisted of environmental monitoring and site 

characterization. From April to October 1996, nearly 50 workers were involved in these activities 

(Bioassay Data, 1996; Bioassay Data, 1992-1996, pp. 48-139; Air Data, 1996). 

The SLAPS worker population was very mobile, specifically not residing at SLAPS for any length of 

time during this period, but working on all the properties. SLAPS records provide a list of workers 

for some periods, but should not be considered a complete list.

5.2 Radiological Exposure Sources from SLAPS Operations

The following subsections provide an overview of the internal and external exposure sources for the 

SLAPS class under evaluation.

5.2.1 Internal Radiological Exposure Sources from SLAPS Operations

The primary internal exposure sources from SLAPS operations were the inhalation and ingestion of 

uranium and uranium progeny particulates, and the inhalation of radon. Materials stored at SLAPS 

(as noted in Table 5-1, above) existed in varying equilibrium states between the primary uranium 

isotopes (uranium-234, uranium-235, and uranium-238) and their associated progeny, depending on 

the nature of the material. Materials had higher ratios of radium-226 or thorium-230 relative to the 

accompanying uranium activity. The predominant radiation emitted from an internal dose perspective 

for all of these nuclides is alpha radiation. The following subsections provide a discussion of 

uranium, radium, and thorium sources in the materials stored at SLAPS.

5.2.1.1 Uranium 

This subsection assesses potential internal uranium sources for three time periods evaluated 

throughout this report: (1) January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971; (2) November 3, 1971 through 

December 31, 1973; and (3) January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998. 

January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971

The pitchblende raffinate, AM-7, was a product of operations at the Mallinckrodt Destrehan Street 

Refinery. Total uranium in the AM-7 residues was measured to be approximately 1 uCi/g, with 

reported values between 0.7 uCi/g (Lynch, 1949) and 1.4 uCi/g (AEC, 1949, p. 94).
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The AM-10 raffinate was a residue resulting from the processing of domestic ores at the Mallinckrodt 

Destrehan Street Plant. For the AM-10, the total uranium was measured to be approximately 1,056 

uCi/g (Unknown, 1959).

Barium sulfate cake residue, AJ-4, was another product of the Mallinckrodt Destrehan Street Refinery. 

Various concentrations of uranium were reported, varying between 352 pCi/g (Mound, unknown) and 

1,972 pCi/g (Sargent, 1948; Eisenbud, unknown).

C-Liner slag consisted mainly of dolomite liner with less than 2% uranium content, and was stored in 

bulk on the ground at SLAPS. Shipments to SLAPS began March 10, 1946 and lasted until early 

1953, when the dolomite liner was replaced by a recycled magnesium-fluoride liner. An April 11, 

1959 inventory showed 7,800 tons of C-Liner slag containing 122.3 tons of uranium. A portion was 

sent to Fernald for processing in the early 1960s. A November 1965 inventory showed 4,000 tons 

containing 49 tons uranium (Aerospace Corporation, post-1973). The average concentration of 

uranium in the C-liner slag was estimated to be 122.3 tons of uranium in 7,800 tons of residue, or 

1.56% by weight. Because of the chemical separation of uranium from the daughter isotopes, this 

material may be fully characterized by the amount of uranium present.

The vitro residues contained uranium after separation from uranium daughters. It was described as 

having 1.9 tons of uranium within 290 tons of material, or 0.66% by weight. Because of the chemical 

separation of uranium from the daughter isotopes, this material may be fully characterized by the 

amount of uranium present. 

The Captured Japanese Sands are assumed to contain uranium in equilibrium with the uranium 

daughters. It was described as having 0.2 tons of uranium within 60 tons of material or 0.2% by 

weight (Aerospace Corporation, post-1973). Because the uranium has not been chemically separated

from the daughter isotopes, this material may be fully characterized by the amount of uranium present. 

The activity concentration of the daughters may be assumed to be in equilibrium with the uranium 

activity concentration.

Interim residue plant tailings were from operations at the Mallinckrodt Destrehan Street site, which 

began in 1955 to scalp the uranium content from the magnesium fluoride slag. The tailings were 

described as the end product from "non-uranium bearing slurry" (MCW, 1956, p. 6). In the late 

1950s, the tailings were shipped to Fernald and processed, with the Fernald process rate increasing to 

about 600 tons per month in July 1959 (Aerospace Corporation, post-1973; Army Corps, 2002, p. 36; 

Belcher, 1964). The magnesium-fluoride slag was contaminated with only uranium after chemical 

separation from the uranium daughters. The bulk of the material was described as having 144 tons of 

uranium within 7,000 tons of material (Aerospace Corporation, post-1973). The average 

concentration of uranium in the interim residue plant tailings was estimated to be 0.2/60 tons per ton, 

or 0.3% by weight. 

November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973 

During this period, the site was covered with clean fill and was undisturbed (the radionuclides, other 

than radon, were contained and not readily accessible for personnel exposures). Considering the site 

conditions during this period, there was no potential for personnel internal radiological exposure to 

uranium. 
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January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998

Although there is no indication that any activities occurred at SLAPS that would have disturbed the 

clean fill during this period, there is a potential for the remediation work and activities to have 

disturbed the buried radioactive materials at the site. Therefore, after 1984, the exposure sources 

could have included materials that were unearthed during the site’s remediation activities. 

Considering the remediation activities during this period, the internal exposure sources at the site 

could have included materials contaminated with uranium and uranium progeny (which remained as a 

result of the operational period at the site). 

5.2.1.2 Radium-226/Radon-222

This subsection assesses potential internal radium-226 and radon-222 sources for three time periods 

evaluated throughout this report: (1) January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971; (2) November 3, 

1971 through December 31, 1973; and (3) January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998. 

January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971

Radium-226 produces radon-222. As radon-222 is a noble gas, it is chemically inert and outgases 

from any radium-226 bearing material. Radon-220 decays to a series of six short-lived daughters that 

collectively produce four alpha particles for each radon-220 decay and are a source of lung exposure.

Radium-226 bearing materials at the site included the K-65 residues stored between 1946 and 1949, 

and the AJ-4 residues which were stored between 1946 and 1967. Analyses of the material showed 

radium-226 concentrations ranging from 0.327 uCi/g to 0.980 uCi/g (Lynch, 1949; AEC, 1949; 

Eisenbud, unknown). The K-65 residues were eventually transferred to Fernald. A 1979 report 

indicates a total weight for the residues as 1,757 dry tons, and having a total of 10,982 pounds of 

U3O8 (NLCO, 1979, p. 21). Analyses for other isotopes have not been located. 

Barium sulfate cake residue, AJ-4, was another product of the Mallinckrodt Destrehan Street Refinery. 

Radium-226 concentrations were reported as high as 1850 pCi/g (NLCO, 1979).

Radon-222 air concentrations at SLAPS exceeded contemporary standards while the K-65 residues 

were present.

November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973 

During this period, the site was covered with clean fill and was undisturbed (the radionuclides, other 

than radon, were contained and not readily accessible for personnel exposures). Considering the site 

conditions, there was no potential for internal radiological exposures to radium.

January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998

Although there is no indication that any activities occurred at SLAPS that would have disturbed the 

clean fill during this period, there was a potential for the remediation work and activities to have 

disturbed the buried radioactive materials at the site. Therefore, after 1984, the exposure sources 

could have included materials that were unearthed during the site’s remediation activities. 

Considering the remediation activities during this period, the internal exposure sources at the site 

could have included materials contaminated with radium (which remained as a result of the 

operational period at the site). 
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5.2.1.3 Thorium-230

This subsection assesses potential internal thorium-230 sources for three time periods evaluated 

throughout this report: (1) January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971; (2) November 3, 1971 through 

December 31, 1973; and (3) January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998. 

January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971

The various isotopes that were present in the uranium ore went in varying concentrations to the wastes 

and residues that were generated at the Mallinckrodt Destrehan Street Plant. The chemistry of thorium 

caused thorium-230 to be preferentially concentrated in the raffinate residues, AM-7 and AM-10. 

Although the AM-7 and AM-10 raffinates contained uranium and uranium daughters, the primary 

isotope that existed in the residues was thorium-230. An analysis showed thorium-230 to have an 

activity concentration that was 100 times greater than uranium and all of its longer-lived daughters 

(Bechtel, 1991, p. 15). Although this analysis was performed on contamination at the site after the 

residues were removed, it is expected that the isotopic ratios are representative of the raffinates as they 

were stored at SLAPS. These residues were removed from SLAPS between 1966 and 1967. 

Thorium-230 was measured to be 76.760 uCi/g in AM-7 residues (Figgins, 1966).

November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973 

During this period, the site was covered with clean fill and was undisturbed (the radionuclides, other 

than radon, were contained and not readily accessible for personnel exposures). Considering the site 

conditions during this period, there was no potential for personnel internal radiological exposure to 

thorium. 

January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998

Although there is no indication that any activities occurred at SLAPS that would have disturbed the 

clean fill during this period, there was a potential for the remediation work and activities to have 

disturbed the buried radioactive materials at the site. Therefore, after 1984, the exposure sources 

could have included materials that were unearthed during the site’s remediation activities. 

Considering the remediation activities during this period, the internal exposure sources at the site 

could have included materials contaminated with thorium (which remained as a result of the 

operational period at the site). 

5.2.2 External Radiological Exposure Sources from SLAPS Operations

Uranium and it daughters provide both gamma (photon) and beta exposure. The residue piles and 

contaminated materials provided exposure to employees working on or near the materials. After the 

residues were removed, the source of external radiation exposure was the radioactive material buried 

beneath the surface of SLAPS. Clean fill was added to the surface to provide shielding that would 

ensure that the radiation levels would remain below accepted criteria levels. 

5.2.2.1 Photon

This subsection assesses potential external photon sources for three time periods evaluated throughout 

this report: (1) January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971; (2) November 3, 1971 through December 

31, 1973; and (3) January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998. 
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January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971

Radium-226 was the primary source of external photon exposure. Other gamma-emitting uranium 

progeny were present, but in lesser concentrations. 

A survey taken in March 1948 indicated a reading of 2.2 mR/hr at a distance two feet from the K-65 

storage shed (Soil Data, 1948). This shed contained the greatest amounts of radium-226 and 

represented the highest gamma exposure potential at the site; these residues were removed between 

1948 and 1949. 

A survey taken in 1949 to measure exposures around the raffinate heaps indicated levels of 3-10 

mrep/hr [sic] on top of an aged heap, taken at waist level. Other readings taken near aged and fresh 

raffinates ranged from 0.3 to 2.5 mrep/hr (Caplan, 1949, p. 2).

November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973 

In 1971, the Oak Ridge Operations Office documented (Lenhard, 1971) the radiation levels above the 

surface at SLAPS to be within the criteria previously transmitted to the St. Louis Airport Authority by 

the Oak Ridge Manager. The levels were characterized as “generally less than 0.05 mrad/h,” and 

none in excess of 1 mrad/h. The memo stated that a minimum depth of 1 foot of clean fill had been 

added to the SLAPS area (Lenhard, 1971). 

January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998

In 1979, ORNL documented the results of surveys conducted in 1976 and 1978; the external gamma 

values were similarly low, with the maximum measured value being 0.3 mR/h (DOE, 1979). There 

are no indications that the radiological conditions were changed after the addition of the clean fill in 

1971; that is, there were no additions to or removal from the buried contaminated inventory, and there 

are no indications that any construction activities occurred. 

Environmental monitoring data from the 1980s were consistent with this value. The maximum value 

reported in 1984 was 0.26 mrem/h (Bechtel, 1985), in 1985 was 0.24 mrem/h (Environmental Report, 

1985), in 1987 was 0.12 mrem/h (TLD Data, 1987b), and in 1989 was 0.19 mrem/h (TLD Data, 

1989).

5.2.2.2 Beta

This subsection assesses potential external beta sources for three time periods evaluated throughout 

this report: (1) January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971; (2) November 3, 1971 through December 

31, 1973; and (3) January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998. 

January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971

Beta exposure from uranium daughters was a recognized and monitored hazard. Uranium metal that 

has been chemically separated will rapidly begin to have associated short-lived daughters as it ages. 

One of these, protactinium-234m is a significant source of beta exposure. Much further down the 

decay chain is bismuth-214 and bismuth-210, each releasing high-energy beta particles upon decay. 

These would be found along with the other uranium decay progeny. 
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A survey taken in 1949 to measure exposures around the raffinate heaps indicates levels of 70 mrep/hr 

at one foot from a fresh raffinate heap. A reading taken in the cab of a bulldozer while pushed into the 

heap indicates a reading of 2.7 mrep/hr beta, the most probable routine work exposure scenario 

(Caplan, 1949, p. 2). 

November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973 

There would not be a significant source of beta exposure after November 1971, as the sources were 

covered with a minimum of 1 foot of clean fill that would have attenuated any beta radiation. The 

razing and burial of potentially contaminated buildings would have been accompanied by exposure to 

low-level contamination, but would not have been a significant exposure to beta radiation. 

January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998

Although there is no indication that any activities occurred at SLAPS that would have disturbed the 

clean fill during this period, there is a potential for the remediation work and activities to have 

disturbed the buried radioactive materials at the site. Therefore, after 1984, the exposure sources 

could have included materials that were unearthed during the site’s remediation activities. 

Considering the remediation activities during this period, the external shallow exposure sources at the 

site could have included beta exposure from uranium daughters. 

Characterization activities such as collecting soil samples may have had the potential to expose 

FUSRAP employees to some level of beta radiation. 

5.2.2.3 Neutron

The storage of the raffinate piles may have the potential to generate neutrons from the •-n reaction 

from nitrogen or oxygen compounds that may have been present along with the thorium-230. The 

potential neutron source at SLAPS was eliminated when the site was demolished and buried at the end 

of SLAPS operations in November 1971. 

January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971

Although NIOSH does not have access to neutron monitoring data or complete source term 

information, NIOSH believes there was not a significant neutron exposure that would require further 

review or evaluation in this report. Therefore, further consideration of neutrons (or neutron dose) has 

not been included in this evaluation report. 

November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973 & January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998

Based on the radioactive material present at the site and the conditions of the site during these periods, 

NIOSH finds that there was not a significant neutron exposure that would require further review or 

evaluation in this report. Therefore, neutrons (or neutron dose) have not been included in this 

evaluation report. 

5.2.3 Incidents

NIOSH has found no evidence of significant radiological incidents occurring at SLAPS that impact 

this evaluation. 
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6.0 Summary of Available Monitoring Data for the Class Evaluated 

by NIOSH

The following subsections provide an overview of the state of the available internal and external 

monitoring data for the SLAPS class under evaluation. 

6.1 Available SLAPS Internal Monitoring Data

This subsection assesses the available internal monitoring data at the SLAPS site for three time 

periods evaluated throughout this report: (1) January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971; (2) 

November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973; and (3) January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998. 

January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971

Mallinckrodt bioassay data, obtained by the Center for Epidemiological Research (CER), includes 17 

bioassay samples for three individuals with a job title that includes the word “airport” (Bioassay Data, 

1948-1966). These are reported in the database as either "285 AIRPORT S" or "WHSE AIRPORT,"

the latter being consistent with employee interviews and documents that indicate Mallinckrodt 

warehouse employees were the workers who unloaded and distributed the residues at SLAPS. These 

bioassay samples were taken from 1955 through 1962; dates on these samples include one sample 

taken in 1955, one taken in 1956, and the other 15 samples taken from 1959 through 1962. These 

results are for uranium in urine and range from 0 to 0.032 mg/L; the bioassay samples were not 

analyzed for any materials other than uranium (Bioassay Data, 1948-1966).

In 1948, radon samples were taken with the results reported in percentage of the tolerance level; 

results ranged from non-detectable at the guard shack to 2,380% within the K-65 storage shed (Air 

Data, 1948). Between January 10 and February 17, 1949, radon samples were taken over several days 

at various distances downwind from the storage shed. These samples typically showed non-detectable 

levels at the guard shack and increasing levels approaching the storage shed. The highest value listed 

was 5.15 x 10-10 Ci/L (Air Data, 1948-1949).

November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973 

Although NIOSH currently does not have access to any personnel monitoring data for the November 

3, 1971 through December 31, 1973 period, one to three feet of clean fill had been placed over all 

remaining contamination. Additionally, NIOSH has identified no information or documentation that 

would indicate site activities that would have required air sampling or personnel monitoring during 

the November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973 period. There is no indication that site 

radiological conditions changed after the survey dated November 3, 1971 (performed after the 

demolition and burial of site contaminated materials [Lenhard, 1971]) through the end of 1973; thus, 

NIOSH considers the radiological conditions as of the date of this survey representative for the 

November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973 period. 
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January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998

From 1984 through 1998, urine samples were taken from SLAPS employees involved in 

characterization and remedial action activities. These data are available for most of the years from 

1984 through 1996. Urine samples were analyzed for thorium-230, thorium-232, radium-226, as well 

as thorium-228 during some periods. In addition, an analysis was performed in 1991 that calculated 

the isotopic ratios of the SLAPS soils (Bechtel, 1991, p. 15); this analysis allows urinalysis results 

from this time period to be extended to other, long-lived uranium daughters that were present at the 

SLAPS site.

Air samples were also taken, both personnel breathing zone samples and area samples (Stone & 

Webster, 2000); however, only data for the years 1993 and 1996 have been located (Air Data, 1993; 

Air Data, 1996). The total exposure for nearly 170 samples was 3.1 DAC-h, indicating a very low 

exposure rate from airborne particulates. 

Several evaluations have documented the potential exposures to workers and the public from SLAPS; 

these studies were based upon characterization data and environmental monitoring activities (Ryan, 

1978; DOE, 1979; Environmental Report, 1985; Wallo, 1986; Environmental Report, 1987; Argonne, 

1993). The most thorough of these evaluations is the Baseline Risk Assessment for Exposure to 

Contaminants at the St. Louis Site, St. Louis, Missouri (referred to as Baseline Risk Assessment

throughout this report) published by Argonne National Laboratory in November 1993 (Argonne, 

1993).

6.2 Available SLAPS External Monitoring Data 

This subsection assesses the available external monitoring data at the SLAPS site for three time 

periods evaluated throughout this report: (1) January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971; (2) 

November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973; and (3) January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998. 

January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971

No external monitoring data specifically associated with the SLAPS site have been identified for the 

years 1947 through November 2, 1971. However, Mallinckrodt employees who worked at SLAPS 

during these years were monitored through a film badge program while working at the Mallinckrodt 

Destrehan Street Plant (ORAUT-TKBS-0005). Some employee interviews indicate that employees 

wore the Mallinckrodt film badges while at SLAPS, whereas other interviews do not. In either case, 

the dose associated with SLAPS was not accounted for or reported separately. One reference from 

1949 indicated that bulldozer and crane operators were not issued film badges “because the radiation 

from the aged raffinate was known to be a very low order of magnitude" (Caplan, 1949, p. 2).

A 1949 reference included ambient beta and gamma measurements at and near the raffinate residue 

piles. The highest beta measurement was 70 mrep/hr, taken one foot from a "fresh raffinate heap." 

The highest gamma measurement was 3-10 mrep/hr (sic), taken on an "aged BC heap (top of pile at 

waist height)" (Caplan, p. 2). The data table notes that the tolerance dose for eight hours a day, five 

days a week was 6 mrep/hr (Caplan, 1949, p. 2).

During 1969, decontamination and demolition work was performed by the St. Louis Airport 

Authority, presumably by employees from the City of St. Louis, Missouri. No external monitoring 

data have been identified for these employees.
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November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973 

Although NIOSH currently does not have access to any personnel monitoring data for the November 

3, 1971 through December 31, 1973 period, a survey dated November 3, 1971 (the survey performed 

after the demolition and burial of site contaminated materials), documented that no location on at 

SLAPS exceeded 1 mrad/hr. There is no indication that site radiological conditions changed after that 

survey through the end of 1973; thus, NIOSH considers the radiological conditions as of the date of 

this survey representative for the November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973 period. 

January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998

During the years 1984 through 1998, workers involved in characterization and remedial action 

activities used external radiation monitoring equipment. NIOSH has access to documents that identify 

the workers that were issued TLDs for the years 1985, 1987, 1988, and 1990. However, the results of 

these TLDs were not documented as completely. Consequently, the data do not cover all the workers 

identified as being present at SLAPS, nor cover all the periods and should not be considered complete. 

A summary document from April 1986 estimates the exposure to a worker to be less than 20 mrem/y 

(Wallo, 1986).

NIOSH has not found any indication of monitoring after 1990. Such a situation could be the result of 

the site deciding that after several years of results indicating essentially no exposure above 

background, external monitoring was discontinued (i.e., no longer being necessary and/or required). 

Such a decision would have been consistent with the results and regulatory guidance, considering that 

the data that have been recovered indicate that external radiation exposure to SLAPS employees from 

the activities during these years was very low, not distinguishable from background radiation. 

7.0 Feasibility of Dose Reconstruction for the Class Evaluated by 

NIOSH

The feasibility determinations for the class of employees under evaluation in this report are governed 

by both EEOICPA and 42 C.F.R. § 83.13(c)(1). Under that Act and rule, NIOSH must establish 

whether or not it has access to sufficient information either to estimate the maximum radiation dose 

for every type of cancer for which radiation doses are reconstructed that could have been incurred 

under plausible circumstances by any member of the class, or to estimate the radiation doses to 

members of the class more precisely than a maximum dose estimate. If NIOSH has access to 

sufficient information for either case, NIOSH would then determine that it would be feasible to 

conduct dose reconstructions. 

In determining feasibility, NIOSH begins by evaluating whether current or completed NIOSH dose 

reconstructions demonstrate the feasibility of estimating with sufficient accuracy the potential 

radiation exposures of the class. If the conclusion is one of infeasibility, NIOSH systematically 

evaluates the sufficiency of different types of monitoring data, process and source or source term data, 

which together or individually might assure that NIOSH can estimate either the maximum doses that 

members of the class might have incurred, or more precise quantities that reflect the variability of 

exposures experienced by groups or individual members of the class. This approach is discussed in 

DCAS’s SEC Petition Evaluation Internal Procedures which are available at 

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas. 
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The next four major subsections of this Evaluation Report examine:

• The sufficiency and reliability of the available data. (Section 7.1) 

• The feasibility of reconstructing internal radiation doses. (Section 7.2) 

• The feasibility of reconstructing external radiation doses. (Section 7.3) 

• The bases for petition SEC-00150 as submitted by the petitioner. (Section 7.4) 

7.1 Pedigree of SLAPS Data

This subsection answers questions that need to be asked before performing a feasibility evaluation. 

Data Pedigree addresses the background, history, and origin of the data. It requires looking at site 

methodologies that may have changed over time; primary versus secondary data sources and whether 

they match; and whether data are internally consistent. All these issues form the bedrock of the 

researcher’s confidence and later conclusions about the data’s quality, credibility, reliability, 

representativeness, and sufficiency for determining the feasibility of dose reconstruction. The 

feasibility evaluation presupposes that data pedigree issues have been settled. 

7.1.1 Internal Monitoring Data Pedigree Review

NIOSH has access to copies of original, handwritten urinalysis records for Mallinckrodt employees. 

In the 1970s, the results from the original records were entered into the CER’s computer database for 

research purposes and have been used in the database format by Oak Ridge Associated Universities 

and other research groups (Bioassay Data, 1948-1966). The urinalysis data that do exist for 

Mallinckrodt employees did not monitor isotopes other than uranium. 

The data available from 1984 through 1998 are copies of the original bioassay results. However, the 

data do not appear to cover all workers or all periods completely. 

The data that are available reflect very small to negligible exposures, which is consistent with the 

exposure assessments that were made periodically during the period from 1984 through 1998. The 

most complete assessment was the Baseline Risk Assessment completed by Argonne National 

Laboratory in November 1993 (Argonne, 1993), see Table 6-1. This Baseline Risk Assessment was 

based on site contamination levels and addresses all uranium and progeny isotopes. Calculations were 

performed for several scenarios, including construction workers performing site remediation. 

7.1.2 External Monitoring Data Pedigree Review

No individual external monitoring data have been located for the years 1947 through 1973. There are 

ambient survey reports from 1948 and 1949 that summarize site gamma and beta levels, apparently

taken to document the highest and most likely exposure levels (Soil Data, 1948, p. 16; Caplan, 1949, 

p. 2). In 1971, the Oak Ridge Operations Office documented the radiation levels above the surface at 

SLAPS to be less than 1 mrad/hr for all locations (Lenhard, 1971). 

The external monitoring data that are available for the years 1984 through 1998 are copies of the 

original reports. However, the data do not cover all workers over all the time periods. The data that 

are available reflect exposures that are very small, essentially background, and are consistent with 

assessments that were made periodically during the same time period.
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7.2 Evaluation of Bounding Internal Radiation Doses at SLAPS

The principal source of internal radiation doses for members of the class under evaluation was the 

inhalation and ingestion of radioactive materials. The following subsections address the ability to

bound internal doses, methods for bounding doses, and the feasibility of internal dose reconstruction. 

7.2.1 Evaluation of Bounding Process-Related Internal Doses

The following subsections summarize the extent and limitations of information available for 

reconstructing the process-related internal doses of members of the class under evaluation. 

7.2.1.1 Urinalysis Information and Available Data 

This subsection assesses the available urinalysis information at the SLAPS site for three time periods 

evaluated throughout this report: (1) January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971; (2) November 3, 

1971 through December 31, 1973; and (3) January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998. 

January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971

Seventeen bioassay samples that are linked with job titles that include the word “airport” for three 

individuals have been located within the Mallinckrodt data contained in the CER database. Most of 

these were samples taken after 1957, when Mallinckrodt terminated production at their Destrehan 

Street plant. 

November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973 

There are no known bioassay sample results for the November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973 

period. 

January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998

Many bioassay results for multiple individuals exist for the years 1984 through 1998. Even though 

urine bioassay data may not be available for all workers for all periods, the information that is 

available accurately characterizes the potential for internal exposure at SLAPS during this time period. 

Isotopic ratios that were calculated for the SLAPS soils allow the bioassay data to be extended to 

other isotopes that are expected to be present but not specifically analyzed for in bioassay samples. 

The data that are available indicate that exposures were very low or non-existent and can be used to 

support the internal bounding analysis for this period at SLAPS. 

7.2.1.2 Airborne Levels

This subsection assesses the available air data at the SLAPS site for three time periods evaluated 

throughout this report: (1) January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971; (2) November 3, 1971 through 

December 31, 1973; and (3) January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998. 

January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971

For the period from January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971, few air sampling records have been 

discovered. Radon samples for 1948 and 1949 were taken and show elevated radon levels near the K65 storage shed (Soil Data, 1948; Air Data, 1948-1949). 

November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973

There are no known air sample results for the November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973 period. 
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January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998

For the period from January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998, air sampling was performed as part 

of the environmental monitoring program and as part of the personnel radiation protection program. 

The environmental monitoring data covers the period in numerous environmental reports and data 

reports (Bechtel, 1985; Environmental Report, 1985; Environmental Report, 1987; Environmental 

Report, 1989; TLD Data, 1985; TLD Data, 1987a; TLD Data, 1988; TLD Data, 1990). Personnel air 

monitoring is covered in two reports; one report covers one individual in 1993 (Air Data, 1993) and a 

1996 report covers a large number of workers in 1996 (Air Data, 1996). The data consistently 

indicate very low levels of airborne radioactivity; the total exposure recorded for over 170 worker 

samples in 1996 was only 3.1 DAC-h. The evaluation of DAC-h was based on thorium-230 as the 

isotope of concern. NIOSH believes that these data can be used to supplement the bounding 

assessment of internal dose for this period at SLAPS. 

7.2.1.3 Alternative Data Sources for Bounding Internal Dose

This subsection assesses the available alternative data sources at the SLAPS site for three time periods

evaluated throughout this report: (1) January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971; (2) November 3, 

1971 through December 31, 1973; and (3) January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998. 

January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971

NIOSH has not identified sufficient radiological source or source term data for this period at SLAPS. 

November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973 & January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998

There were two pathways evaluated that are pertinent to this SEC Evaluation Report. One scenario 

was developed for a worker who performed remediation work at SLAPS. The other was for a 

construction worker remediating ditches contaminated with materials from SLAPS. The Baseline 

Risk Assessment evaluates exposures from soil ingestion, of airborne particulate inhalation, and radon 

daughter product inhalation. The pathway scenarios assume very conservative values for stay times 

and exposures. The data are based on site conditions and use isotopic results from soil samples 

collected at SLAPS and consider all uranium and progeny isotopes. The estimated exposure for these 

worker scenarios are presented in Table 7-1. 

Table 7-1: Estimated Exposures to Workers from Baseline Risk Assessment

Worker Scenario Soil Ingestion 

(mrem/y)

Particle Inhalation 

(mrem/y)

Total Dose 

(non-radon 

exposure) 

(mrem/y)

Inhalation of 

Radon Daughter 

(WLM)

Maintenance Worker 9 3 52 0.04

Ditch Construction 

Worker 5.7 730 740 0.014

Notes: All values are rounded to two significant digits, as consistent with the practice in the reference.

Source: Argonne, 1993

The Baseline Risk Assessment used soil sample results to estimate exposure for several scenarios, two 

of which were developed based on expected SLAPS worker activities. The report includes soil 

concentrations for SLAPS at the upper 95th percentile for all of the uranium and progeny isotopes. 

Models were used to provide inhalation, ingestion, and direct exposure estimates. Additionally, the 

report includes the re-suspension values, occupancy assumptions, and work activity assumptions that 
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were used in the scenarios. These data may be used to re-create the whole-body exposure estimates or 

to model doses to organs of interest that were not presented in the report. 

The two scenarios described in Table 7-1 are based on higher ingestion and inhalation rates than those 

used for the general public to account for greater physical activity. The site occupancy factors were 

based on expected work duration and assumed that workers would be moving between all of the St. 

Louis FUSRAP sites.

Because the radiological status of the site did not change after November 2, 1971, this same report 

may be used to bound employee exposures for any onsite worker after that date. 

7.2.2 Evaluation of Bounding Ambient Environmental Internal Doses

The internal exposures associated with SLAPS are not process/operations-related exposures, but are 

the result of activities performed outdoors, and therefore are essentially due to exposure to ambient 

environmental conditions. For the period from January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971, NIOSH 

has not discovered or identified data to support bounding any internal dose at the site. The internal 

assessment methods and approaches evaluated in this report, for the periods after November 2, 1971, 

would account for any ambient exposures at SLAPS. Based on this information, further assessment of 

ambient environmental dose at SLAPS is not included in this report. 

7.2.3 Methods for Bounding Internal Dose at SLAPS

This subsection assesses the methods for bounding operational period doses at the SLAPS site for 

three time periods evaluated throughout this report: (1) January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971; 

(2) November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973; and (3) January 1, 1984 through December 31, 

1998. 

January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971

Based on the lack of personnel or area monitoring data, as well as source or source term data, NIOSH 

has determined that it cannot bound internal dose for the evaluated class during the period from 

January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971. 

November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973 

During this period, the site remained undisturbed with a layer of clean fill at the surface. With the 

exception of potentially increased radon levels, these site conditions provided no potential for internal 

exposure. 

The Baseline Risk Assessment completed by Argonne National Laboratory in November 1993 

(Argonne, 1993) includes ambient radon levels, expressed in working level months, that were based 

on the 95th percentile of the SLAPS sampling data. These data may be used to bound internal 

exposure from radon and its progeny. 
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January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998

Original bioassay data exist for many workers during this period. The results may be applied to all 

uranium and uranium daughter isotopes. For isotopes that were not measured directly, site-specific 

ratios may be used (Bechtel, 1991, p. 15). Data from the Baseline Risk Assessment may be used to 

calculate doses to unmonitored workers. Based on the available personnel monitoring data, and the 

data and information in the Baseline Risk Assessment, NIOSH has concluded that there is sufficient 

information to support bounding the internal dose for the evaluated class in this report. 

7.2.4 Internal Dose Reconstruction Feasibility Conclusion 

This subsection assesses internal dose reconstruction feasibility at the SLAPS site for three time 

periods evaluated throughout this report: (1) January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971; (2) 

November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973; and (3) January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998. 

January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971

The residues, particularly AM-10, were not characterized for all longer-lived isotopes in the uranium 

chains. Limited air sampling and air monitoring data exist for radon-222, but not for any other 

radionuclides present during this time. Further confounding accurate estimates of internal exposure is

the fact that fresh raffinates exhibited higher beta levels than aged, and the reverse for gamma levels, 

indicating the ingrowth and decay of uncharacterized short-lived daughters, a likely source of 

exposure for workers in the years between 1947 and 1957, during Mallinckrodt’s production of the 

residues. Therefore NIOSH has concludes that, for the period January 3, 1947 through November 2, 

1971, it lacks access to sufficient data to support bounding the internal dose for this portion of the 

evaluated class.

November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973 

After November 3, 1971, the above-ground residues and contaminated materials had been removed, 

all structures were demolished and buried, and there was one to three feet of clean soil added to the 

site. These conditions did not change through this period and remained the same throughout the 1984 

through 1998 time period. 

Considering the information in the Baseline Risk Assessment, coupled with the available information 

for this time period, NIOSH believes that there is sufficient information to support its ability to bound 

the internal dose as the worker scenarios were based on remediation activities and represent work

performed in close contact with the exposed materials.

January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998

After 1984, there are many individual bioassay results. Based on the available personnel monitoring 

information and the information in the Baseline Risk Assessment, where worker exposure scenarios 

were calculated for remediation activities and represent work in close contact with the exposed 

materials, NIOSH believes that it can bound internal dose for the evaluated class during this period at 

SLAPS.
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7.3 Evaluation of Bounding External Radiation Doses at SLAPS

The principal source of external radiation doses for members of the evaluated class was uranium 

daughters, primarily radium-226 (ORAUT-TKBS-0005). 

The following subsections address the ability to bound external doses, methods for bounding doses, 

and the feasibility of external dose reconstruction. 

7.3.1 Evaluation of Bounding Process-Related External Doses

The following subsections summarize the extent and limitations of information available for 

reconstructing the process-related external doses of members of the class under evaluation.

7.3.1.1 Personnel Dosimetry Data 

This subsection assesses the available personnel dosimetry data at the SLAPS site for three time 

periods evaluated throughout this report: (1) January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971; (2) 

November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973; and (3) January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998. 

January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971

Mallinckrodt workers were provided film badges for their work at the Destrehan Street Plant. There 

are no film badge data specifically for the SLAPS site for January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971 

period. 

November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973 

There is no known personnel dosimetry for the November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973 period. 

January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998

Remediation workers wore TLDs up through 1990. Data after 1990 have not been located. 

7.3.1.2 Area Monitoring Data

This subsection assesses the available air monitoring data at the SLAPS site for three time periods 

evaluated throughout this report: (1) January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971; (2) November 3, 

1971 through December 31, 1973; and (3) January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998. 

January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971

NIOSH has access to limited area monitoring data for SLAPS. As indicated in the available data, the 

highest beta measurement was 70 mrep/hr, taken one foot from a "fresh raffinate heap." The highest 

gamma measurement was 3-10 mrep/hr (sic), taken on an "aged BC heap (top of pile at waist height)" 

(Caplan, 1949, p. 2). 

November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973 

As discussed earlier in this report, there was limited personnel exposure potential during this time 

period at SLAPS. Although there is limited data for this period, the available data taken in 1971 

indicate that the external gamma radiation levels were low, “generally less than 0.05 mrad/h,” with no 

levels greater than 1 mrad/h (Lenhard, 1971). Considering the condition of the site during this period 
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and this information, NIOSH believes that the data support its ability to bound external dose for the 

November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973 period at SLAPS. 

January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998

The area monitoring data was collected regularly during the January 1, 1984 through December 31, 

1998 period. The data were compiled into annual environmental monitoring reports. Radiation 

surveys were also performed periodically. Data taken in 1971 indicate that the external gamma 

radiation levels were low, “generally less than 0.05 mrad/h,” with no levels greater than 1 mrad/h 

(Lenhard, 1971). This survey may be considered representative of the later periods, as the site 

radiological conditions are not known to have changed after that date. Similar data were documented 

in 1979 in SLAPS radiological survey reports (DOE, 1979). These data are consistent with the 

personnel monitoring data that are available, which indicated that the workers did not receive 

exposures in excess of background levels. 

Data exist for individual dose reconstructions in the form of TLD dosimetry reports. NIOSH believes 

that these data, coupled with the information in the Baseline Risk Assessment, may be used to support 

bounding the external dose for this period at SLAPS (Argonne, 1993).

7.3.2 Evaluation of Bounding Ambient Environmental External Dose

The external exposures associated with SLAPS are not process/operations-related exposures, but are 

the result of activities performed outdoors, and therefore are essentially due to exposure to ambient 

environmental conditions. The external assessment methods and approaches evaluated in this report, 

for the periods after November 2, 1971, would account for any ambient exposures at SLAPS. Based 

on this information, further assessment of ambient environmental dose at SLAPS is not included in 

this report. 

7.3.3 SLAPS Occupational X-Ray Examinations 

No information has been located that indicates any X-ray requirements specifically associated with the 

SLAPS site workers, but this exposure should be addressed and bounded as discussed in ORAUTOTIB-0006. 

FUSRAP workers may be assumed to have had initial, annual, and termination X-rays primarily due 

to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's medical requirements contained in the 

Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response standard (29 CFR 1910.120) implemented in 

1986. 

7.3.4 Methods for Bounding External Dose at SLAPS

There is an established protocol for assessing external exposure when performing dose reconstructions 

(these protocol steps are discussed in the following subsections): 

• Photon Dose 

• Beta Dose

• Neutron Dose 

• Medical X-ray Dose
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7.3.4.1 Methods for Bounding Operational Period External Dose

Photon Dose

This subsection assesses photon dose at the SLAPS site for three time periods evaluated throughout 

this report: (1) January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971; (2) November 3, 1971 through December 

31, 1973; and (3) January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998. 

January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971

External photon exposure may be bound for the period from January 3, 1947 through November 2, 

1971, using guidance from the document, Basis for Development of an Exposure Matrix for the 

Mallinckrodt Chemical Company St. Louis Downtown Site and the St. Louis Airport Site, St. Louis, 

Missouri (ORAUT-TKBS-0005). The document contains direct gamma and beta exposure 

measurements that were made on and near the storage piles and the K-65 storage sheds when the 

Destrehan Street Plant was still operating and sending materials to SLAPS (Caplan, 1949, p. 2). 

These measurements were taken to determine the maximum potential exposure to unbadged personnel 

who were working closely with the materials and may be considered bounding for all workers for the 

period from January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971. 

November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973 

The Baseline Risk Assessment provides a bounding estimate of the potential photon exposures 

received by workers during the November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973 period at SLAPS 

(Argonne, 1993). Although the risk assessment was developed after this time, the radiological 

conditions at the site are not known to have changed after the site was stabilized, confirmed by the 

survey dated November 3, 1971. 

January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998

The available personnel monitoring data coupled with the Baseline Risk Assessment provides a 

bounding estimate of the potential photon exposures received by workers during the January 1, 1984 

through December 31, 1998 period at SLAPS (Argonne, 1993). 

Beta Dose

This subsection assesses beta dose at the SLAPS site for three time periods evaluated throughout this 

report: (1) January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971; (2) November 3, 1971 through December 31, 

1973; and (3) January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998. 

January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971

External beta exposure may be bound for the period from January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971, 

using guidance from ORAUT-TKBS-0005. The document references the direct beta exposure 

measurements that were made on and near the storage piles and the K-65 storage sheds when the 

Destrehan Street Plant was still operating and sending materials to SLAPS (Caplan, 1949, p. 2). 

These measurements were taken to determine the potential exposure to unbadged personnel who were 

working closely with the materials and may be considered bounding for all workers for the period 

from January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971. 
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

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November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973 

The AEC survey on November 3, 1971 (Lenhard, 1971) documented that all locations had at least one 

additional foot of clean fill added. There would be no beta exposure during the November 3, 1971 

through December 31, 1973 period. 

January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998

The available personnel monitoring data coupled with the Baseline Risk Assessment provides a 

bounding estimate of the potential photon exposures received by workers during the residual period at 

SLAPS (Argonne, 1993). 

Medical X-ray Dose

Organ doses from posterior-anterior chest X-rays for all time periods are available in ORAUT-OTIB0006. NIOSH believes that by using this methodology, occupational medical X-ray doses can be 

bound for the entire class evaluated in this report. 

7.3.5 External Dose Reconstruction Feasibility Conclusion

This subsection assesses external dose reconstruction feasibility at the SLAPS site for three time 

periods evaluated throughout this report: (1) January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971; (2) 

November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973; and (3) January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998. 

January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971

NIOSH believes that there are sufficient data to provide bounding levels for external dose. External 

exposure may be bound for the period January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971 using guidance 

from ORAUT-TKBS-0005, Basis for Development of an Exposure Matrix for the Mallinckrodt 

Chemical Company St. Louis Downtown Site and the St. Louis Airport Site, St. Louis, Missouri. The 

document references the direct beta exposure measurements that were made on and near the storage 

piles and the K-65 storage sheds when the Destrehan Street Plant was still operating and sending 

materials to SLAPS (Caplan, 1949, p. 2). These measurements were taken to determine the potential 

exposure to unbadged personnel who were working closely with the materials and may be considered 

bounding for all workers for the period from January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971. 

November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973 

After November 3, 1971, the above-ground residues and contaminated materials had been removed, 

all structures were demolished and buried and there was one to three feet of clean fill added to the site. 

A site survey indicated that no location exceeded 1 mrad/hr at SLAPS.

Worker dose may be estimated using the Baseline Risk Assessment. This would be bounding, as the 

worker scenarios were based on remediation activities and represent work in close contact with the 

exposed materials. Based on this information, NIOSH finds that it can bound external doses for the 

class evaluated during this time period at SLAPS. 
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January 1, 1984 through December 31, 1998

After 1984, there are many individual external dosimetry results. 

NIOSH believes that external dose may be bound using the available data coupled with the scenarios 

developed by the Argonne National Laboratory in their 1973 Baseline Risk Assessment (Argonne, 

1993).

7.4 Evaluation of Petition Basis for SEC-00150

This subsection evaluates the internal monitoring assertion made on behalf of petition SEC-00150 for 

the SLAPS site. 

Issue: To the best of my knowledge, there was no internal monitoring of the St. Louis Airport 

Storage Site (SLAPS) employees (workers). 

Response: Based on the review provided in this evaluation, NIOSH has identified that monitoring 

(including internal) was performed for all covered periods at the site. NIOSH has identified a limited 

amount of monitoring data for the period from January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971, which has 

resulted in the recommendation of a proposed SEC class for this period in this evaluation. However, 

for the period from November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973 and January 1, 1984 through 

December 31, 1998, NIOSH has identified a sufficient personnel and area monitoring data, as well as 

source term data and process information, to support bounding the internal (and external) dose for 

these later periods at the SLAPS site.

7.5 Summary of Feasibility Findings for Petition SEC-00150

This report evaluates the feasibility for completing dose reconstructions for employees at the SLAPS 

site from January 3, 1947 through December 31, 1973 and January 1, 1984 through December 31, 

1998. NIOSH found that the available monitoring records, process descriptions and source term data 

available are not sufficient to complete dose reconstructions for the entire evaluated class of 

employees.

Table 7-2 summarizes the results of the feasibility findings at SLAPS for each exposure source during 

the time periods from January 3, 1947 through December 31, 1973 and January 1, 1984 through 

December 31, 1998. 
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Table 7-2: Summary of Feasibility Findings for SEC-00150

January 3, 1947-December 31, 1973; January 1, 1984-December 31, 1998

Source of 

Exposure

Jan. 3, 1947-Nov. 2, 1971 Nov. 3, 1971-Dec. 31, 1973 Jan. 1, 1984-Dec. 31, 1998

Reconstruction 

Feasible

Reconstruction 

Not Feasible

Reconstruction 

Feasible

Reconstruction 

Not Feasible

Reconstruction 

Feasible

Reconstruction 

Not Feasible

Internal1,2 X X X 

Uranium X X X 

Radium-226 X X X 

Thorium-230 X X X 

Radon-222 X X X 

External2 X X X 

Gamma X X X 

Beta X X X 

Neutron N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Occupational 

Medical X-ray

X X X 

Notes:

1 Internal includes an evaluation of urinalysis (in vitro), airborne dust, and lung (in vivo) data. 

Partial Dose Reconstructions 2 NIOSH intends to use any internal and external monitoring data that may become available for an individual claim (and 

that can be interpreted using existing NIOSH dose reconstruction processes or procedures) for the purpose of partial dose 

reconstructions during the operational period from January 3, 1947 through November 2, 1971.

As of January 6, 2010, a total of three claims have been submitted to NIOSH for individuals who 

worked at SLAPS and are covered by the class definition evaluated in this report. Dose 

reconstructions have been completed for two individuals (~66.6%). 

8.0 Evaluation of Health Endangerment for Petition SEC-00150

The health endangerment determination for the class of employees covered by this evaluation report is 

governed by both EEOICPA and 42 C.F.R. § 83.13(c)(3). Under these requirements, if it is not 

feasible to estimate with sufficient accuracy radiation doses for members of the class, NIOSH must 

also determine that there is a reasonable likelihood that such radiation doses may have endangered the 

health of members of the class. Section 83.13 requires NIOSH to assume that any duration of 

unprotected exposure may have endangered the health of members of a class when it has been 

established that the class may have been exposed to radiation during a discrete incident likely to have 

involved levels of exposure similarly high to those occurring during nuclear criticality incidents. If 

the occurrence of such an exceptionally high-level exposure has not been established, then NIOSH is 

required to specify that health was endangered for those workers who were employed for a number of 

work days aggregating at least 250 work days within the parameters established for the class or in 

combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more other classes of 

employees in the SEC. 
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NIOSH’s evaluation determined that it is not feasible to estimate radiation dose for all time periods of 

the NIOSH-evaluated class with sufficient accuracy based on the sum of information available from 

available resources. Modification of the class definition regarding health endangerment and minimum 

required employment periods, therefore, is required. 

9.0 Class Conclusion for Petition SEC-00150

Based on its full research of the class under evaluation, NIOSH has defined a single class of 

employees for which NIOSH cannot estimate radiation doses with sufficient accuracy. The NIOSHproposed class to be added to the SEC includes all employees of the Department of Energy, its 

predecessor agencies, and its contractors and subcontractors who worked in any area and in any job 

capacity at the St. Louis Airport Storage Site in St. Louis, Missouri, from January 3, 1947 through 

November 2, 1971, for a number of work days aggregating at least 250 work days, occurring either 

solely under this employment or in combination with work days within the parameters established for 

one or more other classes of employees in the Special Exposure Cohort. NIOSH recommended this 

because of the uncharacterized material in residue piles during this time period. The period from 

November 3, 1971 through December 31, 1973, is after residues were removed and the site was 

cleaned up; NIOSH finds that it can bound doses for the evaluated class during this period. NIOSH 

also finds that it can bound the doses for the evaluated class during the January 1, 1984 through 

December 31, 1998 period using the Baseline Risk Assessment for Exposure to Contaminants at the 

St. Louis Site, St. Louis, Missouri. 

NIOSH has carefully reviewed all material sent in by the petitioner, including the specific assertions 

stated in the petition, and has responded herein (see Section 7.4). NIOSH has also reviewed available 

technical resources and many other references, including the Site Research Database (SRDB), for 

information relevant to SEC-00150. In addition, NIOSH reviewed its NOCTS dose reconstruction 

database to identify EEOICPA-related dose reconstructions that might provide information relevant to 

the petition evaluation. 

These actions are based on existing, approved NIOSH processes used in dose reconstruction for 

claims under EEOICPA. NIOSH’s guiding principle in conducting these dose reconstructions is to 

ensure that the assumptions used are fair, consistent, and well-grounded in the best available science. 

Simultaneously, uncertainties in the science and data must be handled to the advantage, rather than to 

the detriment, of the petitioners. When adequate personal dose monitoring information is not 

available, or is very limited, NIOSH may use the highest reasonably possible radiation dose, based on 

reliable science, documented experience, and relevant data to determine the feasibility of 

reconstructing the dose of an SEC petition class. NIOSH concludes that it has complied with these 

standards of performance in determining the feasibility or infeasibility of reconstructing dose for the 

class under evaluation. 
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10.0 References 

42 C.F.R. pt. 81, Guidelines for Determining the Probability of Causation Under the Energy 

Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000; Final Rule, Federal 

Register/Vol. 67, No. 85/Thursday, p 22,296; May 2, 2002; SRDB Ref ID: 19391 

42 C.F.R. pt. 82, Methods for Radiation Dose Reconstruction Under the Energy Employees 

Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000; Final Rule; May 2, 2002; SRDB Ref ID: 

19392 

42 C.F.R. pt. 83, Procedures for Designating Classes of Employees as Members of the Special 

Exposure Cohort Under the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 

2000; Final Rule; May 28, 2004; SRDB Ref ID: 22001 

42 U.S.C. §§ 7384-7385 [EEOICPA], Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation 

Program Act of 2000, as amended

AEC, 1949, Health Hazards in NYOO Facilities Producing and Processing Uranium; Atomic Energy 

Commission (AEC), New York Operations Office; April 18, 1949; SRDB Ref ID: 3931 

AEC, 1967, Historical Review of the Mallinckrodt Airport Cake; Atomic Energy Commission (AEC); 

August 15, 1967; SRDB Ref ID: 9485 

Aerospace Corporation, post-1973, History of Material Storage at the St. Louis Airport Storage Site, 

includes a printout of inventory records for various dates from 1959 through 1965; The Aerospace 

Corporation; exact date is unknown, but the report is post-1973; SRDB Ref ID: 10244, pp. 56-64; 

SRDB Ref ID: 15275, pp. 5-8; and SRDB Ref ID: 74555 

Affidavit, 2009, Affidavit from Former SLAPS Employee; July 17, 2009; OSA Ref ID: 109347, p. 10 

Air Data, 1948, Radon Samples Taken in Airport Area-March 1948, source being K-65 and storage 

shed; air samples taken on March 21 and March 29, 1948; SRDB Ref ID: 11180 

Air Data, 1948-1949, Various Air Sample Analyses; air samples taken on various dates from 

September 24, 1948 through February 17, 1949; SRDB Ref ID: 11181 

Air Data, 1993, Air Particulate Sample Reporting Logs-1993; vendor-TMA/Eberline; samples taken 

April 27-28, 1993; SRDB Ref ID: 66897 

Air Data, 1996, Air Particulate Sample Reporting Logs-1996; various dates throughout 1996; vendorThermo NUtech; April-November 1996; SRDB Ref ID: 66917 

ANL, 1981, DRAFT Environmental Assessment Relating to the St. Louis Airport Storage Site 

Stabilization Research and Development Project, select portions only; Division of Environmental 

Impact Studies of Argonne National Laboratory (ANL); November 1981; SRDB Ref ID: 10244, pp. 

16-27 

Argonne, 1993, Baseline Risk Assessment for Exposure to Contaminants at the St. Louis Site, St. 

Louis, Missouri, DOE/OR/23701-41.1; Environmental Assessment Division of Argonne National 

Laboratory (Argonne); November 1993; SRDB Ref ID: 62450 
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Army Corps, 2002, Working Draft-The North Country Uranium Residues Historical Synopsis, St. 

Louis, Missouri; Army Corps of Engineers (Army Corps), St. Louis District Office, Formerly Utilized 

Sites Remedial Action Program; February 2002; SRDB Ref ID: 43353 

Bechtel, 1981, Radiological Characterization of Off-Site Ditches at the Former St. Louis Airport 

Storage Site Survey Plan, select portions only; Submitted to Bechtel National, Inc. (Bechtel); 

September 1981; SRDB Ref ID: 10244, pp. 29-33 

Bechtel, 1985, St. Louis Airport Storage Site (SLAPSS) Environmental Monitoring Summary for 

Calendar Year 1984; Bechtel National, Inc. (Bechtel); July 1985; SRDB Ref ID: 63208 and SRDB 

Ref ID: 15274 

Bechtel, 1991, Resolution of EPA Comments on the St. Louis Site Work Plan; Bechtel National, Inc.; 

July 26, 1991; SRDB Ref ID: 74572 

Belcher, 1964, Study of Disposal of the St. Louis Airport Storage Site, correspondence to S. R. 

Sapirie; F. H. Belcher; June 23, 1964; SRDB Ref ID: 71666 

Bioassay Data, 1948-1966, Mallinckrodt Urinalysis Data from 1948-1966, research file with results 

accessed from ORISE in 2005; CER database; various dates from February 1948 through November 

1966; SRDB Ref ID: 71306 

Bioassay Data, 1992-1996, Bioassay Sample Routine Logs; vendor-TMA/Eberline; samples taken 

from 1992 through 1996; SRDB Ref ID: 66915 

Bioassay Data, 1996, Bioassay Report Parameters for April-May, 1996; vendor-Thermo Nuclear 

Services; samples taken April-May 1996; SRDB Ref ID: 66908 

Caplan, 1949, Health Problems at the Airport Properties, correspondence to H. E. Thayer; K. J. 

Caplan; August 11, 1949; SRDB Ref ID: 11193 

DOE, 1979, Formerly Utilized MED/AEC Sites Remedial Action Program, Radiological Survey of the 

St. Louis Airport Storage Site, St. Louis, Missouri, final report DOE/EV-0005/16 UC-70; U.S. 

Department of Energy (DOE); September 1979; SRDB Ref ID: 10302 

DOE, 2010, Scope of Coverage for SLAPS Site, correspondence to Rachel P. Leiton; Patricia R. 

Worthington with Office of Health, Safety and Security, Department of Energy (DOL); April 8, 2010; 

OSA Ref ID: 111371 

DOL, 2009, SLAPS Covered Site Clarification, correspondence to Stuart Hinnefeld and Patricia R. 

Worthington; Rachel P. Leiton with Department of Labor (DOL); December 14, 2009; OSA Ref ID: 

110572 

Eisenbud, unknown, Early Occupational Exposure Experience with Uranium Processing; Merril 

Eisenbud; unknown date; SRDB Ref ID: 10629 

Environmental Report, 1985, St. Louis Airport Site Annual Site Environmental Report for Calendar 

Year 1985, Rev. 1, DOE/OR/20722-100; Bechtel National, Inc. (Bechtel); April 1986, Revised 

September 1986; SRDB Ref ID: 15276 & 63212 
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Environmental Report, 1987, St. Louis Airport Site Annual Site Environmental Report for Calendar 

Year 1987; Bechtel National, Inc. (Bechtel); April 1988; SRDB Ref ID: 63173 

Environmental Report, 1989, St. Louis Airport Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1989; 

Bechtel National, Inc. (Bechtel); May 1990; SRDB Ref ID: 63214 

Figgins, 1966, Survey of Sources of Ionium (Thorium-230); P. E. Figgins and H. W. Kirby; August 1, 

1966; SRDB Ref ID: 42057 

Form B, 2009, Petition Form B for SEC-00150; received July 22, 2009; OSA Ref ID: 109347

Lenhard, 1971, Final Radiation Survey of St. Louis Airport Site, correspondence to Thomas H. Hardin 

with attachment regarding procedures for monitoring radioactivity; Joseph A. Lenhard; November 17, 

1971; SRDB Ref ID: 6871 

Lynch, 1949, Waste Disposal, Mallinckrodt Plants, memo to file; D. E. Lynch; February 9, 1949; 

SRDB Ref ID: 11173, p. 2 

Mattingly, 2004, Status of SLAPS, email correspondence in response to request from EEOICPA 

project; Jackie Mattingly; July 20, 2004; SRDB Ref ID: 24421 

MCW, 1956, Mallinckrodt Chemical Works Plant 7 and Slag Separation Plant Occupational 

Exposure to Airborne Contaminants, HASL-MCW-28; Health and Safety Laboratory of Mallinckrodt 

Chemical Works (MCW); October 25, 1956; SRDB Ref ID: 20650 

Mound, unknown, Process and Characteristics of Major Isotopes Handled at Mound; Mound; 

unknown date; SRDB Ref ID: 12328 

NLCO, 1979, Informational Report on the U.S. Department of Energy-Niagara Falls Site, NLCO003EV Special; National Lead Company of Ohio (NLCO); July 1979; SRDB Ref ID: 4243 

OCAS-PR-004, Internal Procedures for the Evaluation of Special Exposure Cohort Petitions, Rev. 0, 

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); Cincinnati, Ohio; September 23, 

2004; SRDB Ref ID: 32022 

ORAUT-OTIB-0006, Dose Reconstruction from Occupationally Related Diagnostic X-Ray 

Procedures, Rev. 03 PC-1; Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) Team Dose Reconstruction 

Project for NIOSH; December 21, 2005; SRDB Ref ID: 20220 

ORAUT-TKBS-0005, Basis for Development of an Exposure Matrix for the Mallinckrodt Chemical 

Company St. Louis Downtown Site and the St. Louis Airport Site, St. Louis, Missouri, Rev. 02 PC-1; 

Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) Team Dose Reconstruction Project for NIOSH; May 25, 

2009; SRDB Ref ID: 67979 

Pena, 1997, Correspondence regarding FUSRAP, correspondence to William S. Cohen; Federico 

Pena with Department of Energy; October 10, 997; SRDB Ref ID: 37545 

Personal Communication, 2009a, Personal Communication with Former Mallinckrodt Chemical 

Works Engineer; Telephone Interview by ORAU Team; November 18, 2009, 4:30 PM EST; SRDB 

Ref ID: 77841
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Personal Communication, 2009b, Personal Communication with Former Mallinckrodt Chemical 

Works and Weldon Spring Plant Employee; Telephone Interview by ORAU Team; November 23, 

2009, 11:00 AM EST; SRDB Ref ID: 77844 

Personal Communication, 2009c, Personal Communication with Former Mallinckrodt Chemical 

Works and SLAPS Laborer; Telephone Interview by ORAU Team; November 24, 2009, 11:00 AM 

EST; SRDB Ref ID: 77843

Personal Communication, 2009d, Personal Communication with Former Mallinckrodt Chemical 

Works and Weldon Spring Plant Employee; Telephone Interview by ORAU Team; December 2, 2009, 

10:30 AM EST; SRDB Ref ID: 77837

Personal Communication, 2009e, Personal Communication with Former SLAPS Laborer; Telephone 

Interview by ORAU Team; December 2, 2009, 5:00 PM EST; SRDB Ref ID: 77839

Personal Communication, 2009f, Personal Communication with Former Mallinckrodt Chemical 

Works, Weldon Spring, and SLAPS Laborer; Telephone Interview by ORAU Team; December 7, 

2009, 7:00 PM EST; SRDB Ref ID: 77840

Personal Communication, 2009g, Personal Communication with Former SLAPS Laborer; Telephone 

Interview by ORAU Team; December 15, 2009, 3:00 PM EST; SRDB Ref ID: 77836

Roth, 1967, Requirements for Surface Cleanup of the Airport Site, correspondence to R. H. Miller; 

Herman M. Roth; July 25, 1967; SRDB Ref ID: 43351 

Ryan, 1978, Radiological Survey of the Former AEC-St. Louis Airport Storage Site, St. Louis, 

Missouri, final report; M. T. Ryan, F. F. Haywood, R. W. Leggett, R. W. Doane, W. M. Johnson, and 

W. H. Shinpaugh; August 1978; SRDB Ref ID: 74546 

Sapirie, 1964, Disposal of AEC Storage Site at Middlesex, New Jersey, and St. Louis Airport Site, 

correspondence to F. P. Baranoski, includes attachments of findings and estimates; S. R. Sapirie; 

August 13, 1964; SRDB Ref ID: 6594 

Sapirie, 1972, Radiological Synopsis of the Airport Site, correspondence to David E. Leigh with 

attached synopsis; S. R. Sapirie; January 17, 1972; SRDB Ref ID: 43348 

Sargent, 1948, Study of Unaccounted For Material-Uranium, memo to files; E. C. Sargent; November 

24, 1948; SRDB Ref ID: 21785 

Soil Data, 1948, Health Physics Survey of Airport K-65 Storage Area, Soil Data; March 3, 1948; 

SRDB Ref ID: 11184, p. 16 

Stone & Webster, 2000, Radium Pits Removal Action Work Plan FUSRAP St. Louis Airport Site St. 

Louis, Missouri, Total Environmental Restoration, Rev. 0, DACA 45-96-D-0007; Stone & Webster 

Environmental Technology & Services (Stone & Webster); February 28, 2000; SRDB Ref ID: 52603 

TLD Data, 1985, TLD Occupational Radiation Exposure Reports for Badges Issued and Returned 

between March and August 1985; vendor-Eberline; SRDB Ref ID: 63223 

TLD Data, 1987a, TLD Occupational Radiation Exposure Reports for Badges Issued and Returned 

between July and October 1987; vendor-Thermo Analytical Inc.; SRDB Ref ID: 46916 
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TLD Data, 1987b, TLD Occupational Radiation Exposure Reports for Badges Collected and Reported 

between April and August 1987; vendor-Eberline; SRDB Ref ID: 50182 

TLD Data, 1988, TLD Occupational Radiation Exposure Reports for Badges Issued and Returned 

between July and October 1988; vendor-Thermo Analytical Inc.; SRDB Ref ID: 46907 

TLD Data, 1989, TLD Occupational Radiation Exposure Reports for Badges Issued and Returned 

between October and November 1989; vendor-Thermo Analytical Inc.; SRDB Ref ID: 46611 

TLD Data, 1990, TLD Occupational Radiation Exposure Reports for Badges Issued and Returned 

between January and April 1990; vendor-Thermo Analytical Inc.; SRDB Ref ID: 46605 

Unknown, unknown, Discussion Regarding Acquisition of St. Louis Airport Storage Site, partial 

correspondence, first page missing; unknown author; unknown date; SRDB Ref ID: 9442, pp. 79-82 

Unknown, 1959, General Information on the St. Louis Airport Storage Site; unknown author; April 

11, 1959; SRDB Ref ID: 10300 

Wallo, 1986, Summary of Potential Doses from St. Louis Airport Site, interoffice correspondence to 

file; A. Wallo; April 22, 1986; SRDB Ref ID: 74556 
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Attachment One: Data Capture Synopsis

Table A1-1: Data Capture Synopsis for SLAPS

Data Capture Information General Description of Documents Captured Date 

Completed

Uploaded

to SRDB

Primary Site/Company Name: St. Louis Airport Storage 

Site (SLAPS) 

AWE 1946-1966; Residual Radiation 1967-1998 

Other Site Names: 

Robertson Airport

Robertson Storage Area

On 12/02/2009 Jim Cain of Cotter Corp responded to the ORAU Team and 

indicated relevant documentation may exist at their Colorado location. A 

request has been drafted for Cotter Corp documentation. Subsequent data 

capture or other means will be planned to obtain the documentation when Cotter 

Corp receives official request. 

Ongoing 0 

State Contacted: Rhonda Loveall (Records Custodian) 

Missouri Department of Natural Resources 573-751-3043

Background information for St. Louis Airport Site (SLAPS) and vicinity 

properties, contaminated dirt at St. Louis Airport Site, engineering evaluation 

and cost analysis for the Hazelwood Interim Storage Site, FUSRAP newsletters, 

leaching of radionuclides from St. Louis Airport Site soils, oldest atomic waste 

found in the St. Louis area, radium pits removal plan, SLAPS discharging to 

Coldwater Creek, excavation air monitoring summary, and a site summary. 

10/02/2009 37

Department of Labor/Paragon Hazard ranking system calculations, visit of Cotter Corporation personnel, 

Health and Safety Plan for the Niagara Falls Storage Site, release of scrap steel, 

and routine environmental monitoring activities.

12/30/2008 10

DOE Germantown Review of the Mallinckrodt Airport Cake, radioactive wastes at Mallinckrodt 

Chemical Works, film badge reports, health hazards at Mallinckrodt Chemical 

Plant, K-65 residues, ground water conditions, air and radon samples, maps and 

drawings showing exposure readings, and health problems at the St. Louis 

Airport Site.

03/09/2004 15

DOE Legacy Management - Grand Junction Office AEC preliminary proposal for disposal of residue storage area, source material 

license No. SMA-862, liquid and soil samples, application for a source material 

license by Contemporary Metals Corporation for uranium and thorium residues, 

bill of sale to Continental Mining & Milling Co. for residues stored at St. Louis 

Airport Site, site chronology, disposal of Mallinckrodt Chemical Works residue 

stored at St. Louis Airport Site, draft report environmental impact assessment of 

the former Airport Storage Site, environmental compliance summary, 

radiological survey, summary of St. Louis sites, Mallinckrodt site description, 

potential environmental issues, ground water monitoring, mobile gamma 

scanning results, sale of residues, source material license SNM-654 for uranium 

and thorium, St. Louis Airport Cake residues, summary of potential doses, and a 

summation of raffinate cake sampling at St. Louis.

11/16/2009 70
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Table A1-1: Data Capture Synopsis for SLAPS

Data Capture Information General Description of Documents Captured Date 

Completed

Uploaded

to SRDB

DOE Legacy Management - MoundView (Fernald 

Holdings, includes Fernald Legal Database)

K-65 raffinate compositions, soil and water uranium and radium survey 

progress reports, decontamination criteria, and Lake Ontario Ordnance Works 

residues information including a chronology.

05/30/2008 6 

Interlibrary Loan Achievements in the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program. 10/23/2009 1 

Internet - DOE Comprehensive Epidemiologic Data 

Resource (CEDR)

No relevant data identified. 09/20/2009 0 

Internet - DOE Hanford Declassified Document Retrieval 

System (DDRS)

No relevant data identified. 09/20/2009 0 

Internet - DOE OpenNet Monthly status and progress report for April 1949. 09/20/2009 2 

Internet - DOE OSTI Energy Citations Determination of ecologically vital groundwater at selected sites in the 

Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program.

09/20/2009 1 

Internet - DOE OSTI Information Bridge Stewardship challenges and a strategy for success at the St. Louis FUSRAP 

sites.

10/01/2009 2 

Internet - Google Contaminants of concern at St. Louis Airport/Hazelwood Interim 

Storage/Futura Coatings Company, EPA superfund record of decision, site 

characterization, St. Louis sites contamination chronology, and a feasibility 

study.

11/12/2009 57

Internet - Missouri Department of Natural Resources Site summary, feasibility studies, hazardous waste quarterly and annual reports, 

20 month plan, and cleanup information.

10/11/2009 9 

Internet - National Academies Press (NAP) No relevant data identified. 09/20/2009 0 

Internet - National Nuclear Security Administration 

(NNSA) - Nevada Site Office

No relevant data identified. 09/20/2009 0 

Internet - NRC Agencywide Document Access and 

Management (ADAMS)

St. Louis sites contamination chronology, Shiprock Ground Water Compliance 

Action Plan, and a weekly information report.

10/01/2009 3 

Internet - US Army Corps of Engineers Feasibility study for the St. Louis North County Site, remedial design and 

remedial action, St. Louis North County sites map, fact sheets regarding 

radiation basics, release, and assessments.

10/11/2009 20

Internet - Washington State University (U.S. Transuranium 

and Uranium Registries)

No relevant data identified. 09/20/2009 0 

NARA Atlanta Extraction Plant design criteria and health program information, summary of 

the Mallinckrodt Chemical Works uranium division off-site environmental 

sampling programs, sale of residues, dust samples, and an annual health 

protection status report.

05/23/2008 7 
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

49 of 82 

Table A1-1: Data Capture Synopsis for SLAPS

Data Capture Information General Description of Documents Captured Date 

Completed

Uploaded

to SRDB

NARA Kansas City Administrative record for the St. Louis Airport and Latty Avenue Sites, air 

particulate sample reporting logs, area surveys and maps, environmental 

monitoring reports, bioassay sample routing log sheets, TLD occupational 

radiation exposure reports, decontamination and decommissioning of facilities, 

description of material stored, environmental TLD results, radiological surveys, 

historical synopsis, HP policies, radiological and limited chemical 

characterization report, radon data, and a site suitability study for the St. Louis 

Airport Site.

03/27/09 84

ORAU Team Basis for development of an exposure matrix for the Mallinckrodt Chemical 

Company St. Louis Downtown Site and the St. Louis Airport Site.

06/10/2009 6 

ORO Vault Correspondence on the Mallinckrodt badge program, soil and water uranium 

and radium survey report, and K-65 storage data.

10/28/2005 5 

Southern Illinois University Environmental and Health Legacy of the Mallinckrodt Chemical Works. 10/18/2008 6 

Unknown Documents related to St. Louis area properties (1953-1976), explosion incident 

at Mallinckrodt, general site information, pitchblende AM-7 raffinate at St. 

Louis Airport, radiological surveys, radiological survey status, and uranium 

contamination information.

08/09/2004 34

US Army Corps of Engineers Cotter Corporation decontamination of storage site, Government property sale 

of 21-acre tract, radiological synopsis of the St. Louis Airport Site, 

requirements for surface cleanup, environmental sampling data, and site maps.

04/11/2008 9 

TOTAL 384
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

50 of 82 

Table A1-2: Database Searches for SLAPS

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded 

to SRDB

DOE CEDR

http://cedr.lbl.gov/ 

COMPLETED 09/20/2009

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site"

SLAPS

"Robertson Airport" AND "St. Louis"

"Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis"

"Commercial Discount Corporation"

"Commercial Discount Corporation of Chicago"

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport"

"St. Louis Airport Authority"

"Continental Mining and Milling Company"

"Continental Mining and Milling Company of Chicago"

"Cotter Corporation"

"St. Louis Airport Authority"

"Louis Airport Storage Site"

"Robertson Airport" AND Louis 

"Robertson Storage Area" AND Louis

"Commercial Discount"

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "Louis Airport"

"Louis Airport Authority"

"Continental Mining and Milling"

Cotter +Louis

0 0 

DOE Hanford DDRS

http://www2.hanford.gov/declass/

COMPLETED 09/20/2009

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" 

SLAPS

"Robertson Airport" AND "St. Louis"

"Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis"

"Commercial Discount Corporation"

"Commercial Discount Corporation of Chicago"

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport"

"St. Louis Airport Authority"

"Continental Mining and Milling Company"

"Continental Mining and Milling Company of Chicago"

"Cotter Corporation"

"St. Louis Airport Authority"

"Louis Airport Storage Site"

"Robertson Airport" AND Louis

"Robertson Storage Area" AND Louis

0 0 
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

51 of 82 

Table A1-2: Database Searches for SLAPS

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded 

to SRDB

"Commercial Discount"

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "Louis Airport"

"Louis Airport Authority"

"Continental Mining and Milling"

Cotter +Louis

DOE OpenNet

http://www.osti.gov/opennet/advancedsearch.jsp

COMPLETED 09/20/2009

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site"

SLAPS

"Robertson Airport" AND "St. Louis"

"Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis"

"Commercial Discount Corporation"

"Commercial Discount Corporation of Chicago"

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport"

"St. Louis Airport Authority"

"Continental Mining and Milling Company"

"Continental Mining and Milling Company of Chicago"

"Cotter Corporation"

"St. Louis Airport Authority"

"Louis Airport Storage Site"

"Robertson Airport" AND Louis

"Robertson Storage Area" AND Louis

"Commercial Discount"

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "Louis Airport"

"Louis Airport Authority"

"Continental Mining and Milling"

Cotter +Louis

24 2 

DOE OSTI Energy Citations

http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/

COMPLETED 09/20/2009

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site"

SLAPS

"Robertson Airport" AND "St. Louis"

"Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis"

"Commercial Discount Corporation"

"Commercial Discount Corporation of Chicago"

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport"

"St. Louis Airport Authority"

"Continental Mining and Milling Company"

"Continental Mining and Milling Company of Chicago"

"Cotter Corporation"

275 1 
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

52 of 82 

Table A1-2: Database Searches for SLAPS

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded 

to SRDB

"St. Louis Airport Authority"

"Louis Airport Storage Site"

"Robertson Airport" AND Louis

"Robertson Storage Area" AND Louis

"Commercial Discount"

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "Louis Airport"

"Louis Airport Authority"

"Continental Mining and Milling"

Cotter +Louis

DOE OSTI Information Bridge

http://www.osti.gov/bridge/advancedsearch.jsp

COMPLETED 10/01/2009

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site"

SLAPS

"Robertson Airport" AND "St. Louis"

"Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis"

"Commercial Discount Corporation"

"Commercial Discount Corporation of Chicago"

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport"

"St. Louis Airport Authority"

"Continental Mining and Milling Company"

"Continental Mining and Milling Company of Chicago"

"Cotter Corporation"

"St. Louis Airport Authority"

"Louis Airport Storage Site"

"Robertson Airport" AND Louis

"Robertson Storage Area" AND Louis

"Commercial Discount"

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "Louis Airport"

"Louis Airport Authority"

"Continental Mining and Milling"

Cotter +Louis

239 2 

Google

http://www.google.com

COMPLETED 11/12/2009

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" OR "SLAPS" AND americium OR Am241 OR 

Am-241 OR "Am 241" OR "241Am" OR 241-Am OR "241 Am" OR ionium OR 

Th230 OR Th-230 OR "Th 230" OR 230Th OR 230-Th OR "230 Th"

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" OR "SLAPS" AND neptunium OR Np237 OR 

Np-237 OR "Np 237" OR 237Np OR 237-Np OR "237 Np"

77,267 57
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

53 of 82 

Table A1-2: Database Searches for SLAPS

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded 

to SRDB

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" OR "SLAPS" AND polonium OR Po210 OR Po210 OR "Po 210" OR 210Po OR 210-Po OR "210 Po"

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" AND palm OR palmolive 

"SLAPS" AND palmolive

"SLAPS" AND palm

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" OR "SLAPS" AND thorium OR thoria OR Th232 

OR Th-232 OR "Th 232" OR 232Th OR 232-Th OR "232 Th" OR "Z metal" OR 

Z-metal OR myrnalloy OR "chemical 10-66" OR "chemical 1066" OR "chemical 

10 66"

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" OR "SLAPS" AND "chemical 18-12" OR 

"chemical 1812" OR "chemical 18 12" OR "chemical 10-12" OR "chemical 1012" 

OR "chemical 10 12" OR UX1 OR UX2

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" OR "SLAPS" AND Th-234 OR Th234 OR "Th 

234" OR 234-Th OR 234Th OR "234 Th"

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" OR "SLAPS" AND H3 OR H-3 OR HTO

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" AND mint

"SLAPS" AND mint

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" OR "SLAPS" AND uranium OR U233 OR U-233 

OR "U 233" OR 233U OR 233-U OR "233 U" OR U234 OR "U 234" OR U-234 

OR 234U OR 234-U OR "234 U"

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" OR "SLAPS" AND uranium OR U233 OR U-233 

OR "U 233" OR 233U OR 233-U OR "233 U" OR U234 OR "U 234" OR U-234 

OR 234U OR 234-U OR "234 U"

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" OR "SLAPS" AND U235 OR "U 235" OR U-235 

OR 235-U OR 235U OR "235 U"

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" OR "SLAPS" AND U238 OR "U 238" OR U-238 

OR 238-U OR 238U OR "238 U" OR U308 OR "U 308" OR U-308 OR 308-U 

OR 308U OR "308 U"
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

54 of 82 

Table A1-2: Database Searches for SLAPS

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded 

to SRDB

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" OR "SLAPS" AND "black oxide" OR "brown 

oxide" OR "green salt" OR "orange oxide" OR "yellow cake" OR UO2 OR UO3 

OR UF4 OR UF6

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" OR "SLAPS" AND C-216 OR C-616 OR C-65 

OR C-211 OR U3O8 OR "uranium extraction" OR "uranium dioxide" OR 

"uranium hexafluoride" OR "uranium tetrafluoride" OR "uranium trioxide"

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" OR "SLAPS" AND plutonium

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" OR "SLAPS" AND Pu-238 OR Pu238 OR "Pu 

238" OR 238Pu OR 238-Pu OR "238 Pu"

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" OR "SLAPS" AND Pu-239 OR Pu239 OR "Pu 

239" OR 239Pu OR 239-Pu

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" OR "SLAPS" AND "239 Pu" OR Pu-240 OR 

Pu240 OR "Pu 240" OR 240Pu OR 240-Pu OR "240 Pu" OR Pu-241 OR Pu241 

OR "Pu 241" OR 241Pu OR 241-Pu OR "241 Pu"

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" OR "SLAPS" AND radium OR Ra-226 OR 

Ra226 OR "Ra 226" OR 226-Ra OR 226Ra OR "226 Ra" OR Ra-228 OR Ra228 

OR "Ra 228" OR 228Ra

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" OR "SLAPS" AND 228-Ra OR "228 Ra" OR 

radon OR Rn-222 OR Rn222 OR "Rn 222" OR 222Rn OR 222-Rn

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" OR "SLAPS" AND "222 Rn" OR thoron OR Rn220 OR Rn220 OR "Rn 220" OR 220Rn OR 220-Rn OR "220 Rn" OR 

protactinium OR Pa-234m OR Pa234m OR "Pa 234m" OR 234mPa OR 234m-Pa 

OR "234m Pa"

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" OR "SLAPS" AND strontium OR Sr-90 OR Sr90 

OR "Sr 90" OR 90-Sr OR 90Sr OR "90 Sr" OR oralloy OR postum OR tuballoy 

OR "uranyl nitrate hexahydrate" OR UNH OR K-65 OR "sump cake"
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

55 of 82 

Table A1-2: Database Searches for SLAPS

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded 

to SRDB

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" OR "SLAPS" AND accident

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" OR "SLAPS" AND "air count" OR "air dust" OR 

"air filter" OR "airborne test"

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" AND alpha OR "belgian congo ore" OR beta OR 

bioassay OR bio-assay OR breath OR "breathing zone" OR BZ

"SLAPS" AND alpha

"SLAPS" AND "belgian congo ore"

"SLAPS" AND beta

"SLAPS" AND bioassay OR bio-assay

"SLAPS" AND breath

"SLAPS" AND "breathing zone" OR BZ

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" OR "SLAPS" AND "body burden" 

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" OR "SLAPS" AND calibration

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" OR "SLAPS" AND "chest count" OR 

columnation OR contamination

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" OR "SLAPS" AND curie OR denitration OR 

"denitration pot"

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" AND derby OR regulus OR "derived air 

concentration" OR DAC OR dose OR dosimeter or dosimetric OR dosimetry OR 

electron OR environment

"SLAPS" AND derby OR regulus OR "derived air concentration" OR DAC OR 

dose

"SLAPS" AND dosimeter or dosimetric OR dosimetry OR electron OR 

environment

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" AND "Ether-Water Project" OR exposure OR 

"exposure investigation" OR "radiation exposure" OR external OR "F machine" 

OR fecal OR "feed material" OR femptocurie OR film
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

56 of 82 

Table A1-2: Database Searches for SLAPS

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded 

to SRDB

"SLAPS" AND exposure

"SLAPS" AND "Ether-Water Project" OR "exposure investigation" OR "radiation 

exposure"

"SLAPS" AND external

"SLAPS" AND "F machine" OR fecal OR "feed material" OR femptocurie

"SLAPS" AND film

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" AND fission OR fluoroscopy OR "Formerly 

Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program" OR FUSRAP OR gamma-ray OR 

"gamma ray" OR "gas proportional" OR "gaseous diffusion" OR health

"SLAPS" AND fission OR fluoroscopy OR "Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial 

Action Program" OR FUSRAP

"SLAPS" AND gamma-ray OR "gamma ray" OR "gas proportional" OR "gaseous 

diffusion"

"SLAPS" AND health

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" AND "health instrument" OR "health physics" 

OR H.I. OR HI OR HP OR "highly enriched uranium" OR HEU OR 

hydrofluorination OR "in vitro" OR "in vivo"

"SLAPS" AND "health instrument" OR "health physics"

"SLAPS" AND H.I.

"SLAPS" AND HI

"SLAPS" AND HP

"SLAPS" AND "highly enriched uranium" OR HEU OR hydrofluorination OR 

"in vitro" OR "in vivo"

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" AND incident OR ingestion OR inhalation OR 

internal OR investigation OR isotope OR isotopic OR "isotopic enrichment" OR 

"JS Project" OR Landauer OR "liquid scintillation"
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

57 of 82 

Table A1-2: Database Searches for SLAPS

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded 

to SRDB

"SLAPS" AND incident

"SLAPS" AND internal OR investigation OR isotope

"SLAPS" AND ingestion OR inhalation

"SLAPS" AND isotopic OR "isotopic enrichment" OR "JS Project" OR Landauer 

OR "liquid scintillation"

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" AND log OR "log sheet" OR "log book" OR "low 

enriched uranium" OR LEU OR "lung count" OR "maximum permissible 

concentration" OR MPC OR metallurgy OR microcurie OR millicurie

"SLAPS" AND log OR "log sheet" OR "log book" OR "low enriched uranium" 

OR LEU

"SLAPS" AND "lung count" OR "maximum permissible concentration" OR MPC 

OR metallurgy OR microcurie OR millicurie

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" AND "mixed fission product" OR MFP OR 

monitor OR "air monitoring" OR nanocurie OR "nasal wipe" OR neutron OR 

"nose wipe" OR nuclear

"SLAPS" AND "mixed fission product" OR MFP OR monitor OR "air 

monitoring" OR nanocurie OR "nasal wipe" OR neutron OR "nose wipe" OR 

nuclear

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" AND Chicago-Nuclear OR "nuclear fuels" OR 

"nuclear track emulsion type A" OR NTA OR "occupational radiation exposure" 

OR occurrence OR "ore concentrate"

"SLAPS" AND Chicago-Nuclear OR "nuclear fuels" OR "nuclear track emulsion 

type A" OR NTA OR "occupational radiation exposure" OR occurrence OR "ore 

concentrate"

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" AND "PC Project" OR permit OR "radiation 

work permit" OR "safe work permit" OR "special work permit" OR RWP OR 

SWP OR "phosphate research" OR photon OR picocurie
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

58 of 82 

Table A1-2: Database Searches for SLAPS

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded 

to SRDB

"SLAPS" AND "PC Project" OR permit OR "radiation work permit" OR "safe 

work permit" OR "special work permit" OR RWP OR SWP OR "phosphate 

research" OR photon OR picocurie

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" AND pitchblende OR "pocket ion chamber" OR 

PIC OR problem OR procedure OR radeco OR radiation OR radioactive OR 

radioactivity OR radiograph OR radiological

"SLAPS" AND pitchblende OR "pocket ion chamber" OR PIC OR problem OR 

procedure

"SLAPS" AND radeco OR radiation OR radioactive OR radioactivity OR 

radiograph OR radiological

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" AND "Radiological Survey Data Sheet" OR 

RSDS OR radionuclide OR raffinate OR reactor OR respiratory OR "retention 

schedules" OR roentgen OR sample OR "air sample" OR "dust sample"

"SLAPS" AND "Radiological Survey Data Sheet" OR RSDS OR radionuclide OR 

raffinate

"SLAPS" AND reactor OR respiratory OR "retention schedules" OR roentgen

"SLAPS" AND sample OR "air sample" OR "dust sample"

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" AND "general area air sample" OR sampling OR 

"air sampling" OR "dust sampling" OR "general area air sampling" OR "solvent 

extraction" OR source OR "sealed source"

"SLAPS" AND "general area air sample" OR sampling

"SLAPS" AND "air sampling" OR "dust sampling" OR "general area air 

sampling"

"SLAPS" AND "solvent extraction" OR "sealed source"

"SLAPS" AND source
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

59 of 82 

Table A1-2: Database Searches for SLAPS

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded 

to SRDB

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" AND spectra OR spectrograph OR spectroscopy 

OR spectrum OR standard OR operating OR processing

"SLAPS" AND spectra OR spectrograph OR spectroscopy OR spectrum

"SLAPS" AND standard

"SLAPS" AND operating

"SLAPS" AND processing

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" AND survey OR "building survey" OR "routine 

survey" OR "special survey" OR "technical basis" OR "thermal diffusion" OR 

"thermoluminescent dosimeter" OR TLD

"SLAPS" AND survey

"SLAPS" AND "building survey" OR "routine survey" OR "special survey"

"SLAPS" AND "technical basis" OR "thermal diffusion" OR "thermoluminescent 

dosimeter" OR TLD

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site" AND "Tiger Team" OR "tolerance dose" OR 

urinalysis OR urine OR "whole body count" OR WBC OR "working level" OR 

WL OR X-ray OR "X ray" OR Xray

"SLAPS" AND "Tiger Team" OR "tolerance dose"

"SLAPS" AND urinalysis

"SLAPS" AND urine

"SLAPS" AND "whole body count" OR WBC

"SLAPS" AND "working level"

"SLAPS" AND WL

"SLAPS" AND X-ray OR "X ray" OR Xray

"Robertson Airport" OR "Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis" AND 

americium OR Am241 OR Am-241 OR "Am 241" OR "241Am" OR 241-Am OR 

"241 Am" OR ionium OR Th230 OR Th-230 OR "Th 230" OR 230Th OR 230-Th 

OR "230 Th"
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

60 of 82 

Table A1-2: Database Searches for SLAPS

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded 

to SRDB

"Robertson Airport" OR "Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis" AND 

neptunium OR Np237 OR Np-237 OR "Np 237" OR 237Np OR 237-Np OR "237 

Np" OR palm OR palmolive OR polonium OR Po210 OR Po-210 OR "Po 210" 

OR 210Po OR 210-Po OR "210 Po"

"Robertson Airport" OR "Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis" AND 

thorium OR thoria OR Th232 OR Th-232 OR "Th 232" OR 232Th OR 232-Th 

OR "232 Th" OR "Z metal" OR Z-metal OR myrnalloy OR "chemical 10-66" OR 

"chemical 1066" OR "chemical 10 66"

"Robertson Airport" OR "Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis" AND 

"chemical 18-12" OR "chemical 1812" OR "chemical 18 12" OR "chemical 10-

12" OR "chemical 1012" OR "chemical 10 12" OR UX1 OR UX2

"Robertson Airport" OR "Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis" AND Th234 OR Th234 OR "Th 234" OR 234-Th OR 234Th OR "234 Th" OR tritium OR 

H3 OR H-3 OR mint OR HTO

"Robertson Airport" OR "Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis" AND 

uranium OR U233 OR U-233 OR "U 233" OR 233U OR 233-U OR "233 U" OR 

U234 OR "U 234" OR U-234 OR 234U OR 234-U OR "234 U" OR U235 OR "U 

235" OR U-235 OR 235-U OR 235U OR "235 U"

"Robertson Airport" OR "Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis" AND U238 

OR "U 238" OR U-238 OR 238-U OR 238U OR "238 U" OR U308 OR "U 308" 

OR U-308 OR 308-U OR 308U OR "308 U"

"Robertson Airport" OR "Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis" AND "black 

oxide" OR "brown oxide" OR "green salt" OR "orange oxide" OR "yellow cake" 

OR UO2 OR UO3 OR UF4 OR UF6

"Robertson Airport" OR "Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis" AND C-216 

OR C-616 OR C-65 OR C-211 OR U3O8 OR "uranium extraction" OR "uranium 

dioxide" OR "uranium hexafluoride" OR "uranium tetrafluoride" OR "uranium 

trioxide"
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

61 of 82 

Table A1-2: Database Searches for SLAPS

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded 

to SRDB

"Robertson Airport" OR "Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis" AND 

plutonium OR Pu-238 OR Pu238 OR "Pu 238" OR 238Pu OR 238-Pu OR "238 

Pu" OR Pu-239 OR Pu239 OR "Pu 239" OR 239Pu OR 239-Pu

"Robertson Airport" OR "Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis" AND "239 

Pu" OR Pu-240 OR Pu240 OR "Pu 240" OR 240Pu OR 240-Pu OR "240 Pu" OR 

Pu-241 OR Pu241 OR "Pu 241" OR 241Pu OR 241-Pu OR "241 Pu"

"Robertson Airport" OR "Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis" AND radium 

OR Ra-226 OR Ra226 OR "Ra 226" OR 226-Ra OR 226Ra OR "226 Ra" OR Ra228 OR Ra228 OR "Ra 228" OR 228Ra

"Robertson Airport" OR "Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis" AND 228-

Ra OR "228 Ra" OR radon OR Rn-222 OR Rn222 OR "Rn 222" OR 222Rn OR 

222-Rn

"Robertson Airport" OR "Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis" AND "222 

Rn" OR thoron OR Rn-220 OR Rn220 OR "Rn 220" OR 220Rn OR 220-Rn OR 

"220 Rn" OR protactinium OR Pa-234m OR Pa234m OR "Pa 234m" OR 234mPa 

OR 234m-Pa OR "234m Pa"

"Robertson Airport" OR "Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis" AND 

strontium OR Sr-90 OR Sr90 OR "Sr 90" OR 90-Sr OR 90Sr OR "90 Sr" OR 

oralloy OR postum OR tuballoy OR "uranyl nitrate hexahydrate" OR UNH OR K65 OR "sump cake"

"Robertson Airport" OR "Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis" AND 

accident OR "air count" OR "air dust" OR "air filter" OR "airborne test" OR alpha 

OR "belgian congo ore" OR beta OR bioassay OR bio-assay OR breath OR 

"breathing zone" OR BZ

"Robertson Airport" OR "Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis" AND "body 

burden" OR calibration OR "chest count" OR columnation OR contamination OR 

curie OR denitration OR "denitration pot"
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

62 of 82 

Table A1-2: Database Searches for SLAPS

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded 

to SRDB

"Robertson Airport" OR "Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis" AND derby 

OR regulus OR "derived air concentration" OR DAC OR dose OR dosimeter or 

dosimetric OR dosimetry OR electron OR environment

"Robertson Airport" OR "Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis" AND 

"Ether-Water Project" OR exposure OR "exposure investigation" OR "radiation 

exposure" OR external OR "F machine" OR fecal OR "feed material" OR 

femptocurie OR film

"Robertson Airport" OR "Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis" AND fission 

OR fluoroscopy OR "Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program" OR 

FUSRAP OR gamma-ray OR "gamma ray" OR "gas proportional" OR "gaseous 

diffusion" OR health

"Robertson Airport" OR "Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis" AND "health 

instrument" OR "health physics" OR H.I. OR HI OR HP OR "highly enriched 

uranium" OR HEU OR hydrofluorination OR "in vitro" OR "in vivo"

"Robertson Airport" OR "Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis" AND 

incident OR ingestion OR inhalation OR internal OR investigation OR isotope 

OR isotopic OR "isotopic enrichment" OR "JS Project" OR Landauer OR "liquid 

scintillation"

"Robertson Airport" OR "Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis" AND log 

OR "log sheet" OR "log book" OR "low enriched uranium" OR LEU OR "lung 

count" OR "maximum permissible concentration" OR MPC OR metallurgy OR 

microcurie OR millicurie

"Robertson Airport" OR "Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis" AND 

"mixed fission product" OR MFP OR monitor OR "air monitoring" OR nanocurie 

OR "nasal wipe" OR neutron OR "nose wipe" OR nuclear

"Robertson Airport" OR "Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis" AND 

Chicago-Nuclear OR "nuclear fuels" OR "nuclear track emulsion type A" OR 

NTA OR "occupational radiation exposure" OR occurrence OR "ore concentrate"
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

63 of 82 

Table A1-2: Database Searches for SLAPS

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded 

to SRDB

"Robertson Airport" OR "Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis" AND "PC 

Project" OR permit OR "radiation work permit" OR "safe work permit" OR 

"special work permit" OR RWP OR SWP OR "phosphate research" OR photon 

OR picocurie

"Robertson Airport" OR "Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis" AND 

pitchblende OR "pocket ion chamber" OR PIC OR problem OR procedure OR 

radeco OR radiation OR radioactive OR radioactivity OR radiograph OR 

radiological

"Robertson Airport" OR "Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis" AND 

"Radiological Survey Data Sheet" OR RSDS OR radionuclide OR raffinate OR 

reactor OR respiratory OR "retention schedules" OR roentgen OR sample OR "air 

sample" OR "dust sample"

"Robertson Airport" OR "Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis" AND 

"general area air sample" OR sampling OR "air sampling" OR "dust sampling" 

OR "general area air sampling" OR "solvent extraction" OR source OR "sealed 

source"

"Robertson Airport" OR "Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis" AND spectra 

OR spectrograph OR spectroscopy OR spectrum OR standard OR operating OR 

processing

"Robertson Airport" OR "Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis" AND survey 

OR "building survey" OR "routine survey" OR "special survey" OR "technical 

basis" OR "thermal diffusion" OR "thermoluminescent dosimeter" OR TLD

"Robertson Airport" OR "Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis" AND "Tiger 

Team" OR "tolerance dose" OR urinalysis OR urine OR "whole body count" OR 

WBC OR "working level" OR WL OR X-ray OR "X ray" OR Xray

"Commerical Discount Corporation" OR "St. Louis Airport Authority" AND 

americium OR Am241 OR Am-241 OR "Am 241" OR "241Am" OR 241-Am OR 

"241 Am" OR ionium OR Th230 OR Th-230 OR "Th 230" OR 230Th OR 230-Th 

OR "230 Th"
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

64 of 82 

Table A1-2: Database Searches for SLAPS

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded 

to SRDB

"Commerical Discount Corporation" OR "St. Louis Airport Authority" AND 

neptunium OR Np237 OR Np-237 OR "Np 237" OR 237Np OR 237-Np OR "237 

Np" OR palm OR palmolive OR polonium OR Po210 OR Po-210 OR "Po 210" 

OR 210Po OR 210-Po OR "210 Po"

"Commerical Discount Corporation" OR "St. Louis Airport Authority" AND 

thorium OR thoria OR Th232 OR Th-232 OR "Th 232" OR 232Th OR 232-Th 

OR "232 Th" OR "Z metal" OR Z-metal OR myrnalloy OR "chemical 10-66" OR 

"chemical 1066" OR "chemical 10 66"

"Commerical Discount Corporation" OR "St. Louis Airport Authority" AND 

"chemical 18-12" OR "chemical 1812" OR "chemical 18 12" OR "chemical 10-

12" OR "chemical 1012" OR "chemical 10 12" OR UX1 OR UX2

"Commerical Discount Corporation" OR "St. Louis Airport Authority" AND Th234 OR Th234 OR "Th 234" OR 234-Th OR 234Th OR "234 Th" OR tritium OR 

H3 OR H-3 OR mint OR HTO

"Commerical Discount Corporation" OR "St. Louis Airport Authority" AND 

uranium OR U233 OR U-233 OR "U 233" OR 233U OR 233-U OR "233 U" OR 

U234 OR "U 234" OR U-234 OR 234U OR 234-U OR "234 U" OR U235 OR "U 

235" OR U-235 OR 235-U OR 235U OR "235 U"

"Commerical Discount Corporation" OR "St. Louis Airport Authority" AND 

U238 OR "U 238" OR U-238 OR 238-U OR 238U OR "238 U" OR U308 OR "U 

308" OR U-308 OR 308-U OR 308U OR "308 U"

"Commerical Discount Corporation" OR "St. Louis Airport Authority" AND 

"black oxide" OR "brown oxide" OR "green salt" OR "orange oxide" OR "yellow 

cake" OR UO2 OR UO3 OR UF4 OR UF6 

"Commerical Discount Corporation" OR "St. Louis Airport Authority" AND C216 OR C-616 OR C-65 OR C-211 OR U3O8 OR "uranium extraction" OR 

"uranium dioxide" OR "uranium hexafluoride" OR "uranium tetrafluoride" OR 

"uranium trioxide"
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

65 of 82 

Table A1-2: Database Searches for SLAPS

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded 

to SRDB

"Commerical Discount Corporation" OR "St. Louis Airport Authority" AND 

plutonium OR Pu-238 OR Pu238 OR "Pu 238" OR 238Pu OR 238-Pu OR "238 

Pu" OR Pu-239 OR Pu239 OR "Pu 239" OR 239Pu OR 239-Pu

"Commerical Discount Corporation" OR "St. Louis Airport Authority" AND "239 

Pu" OR Pu-240 OR Pu240 OR "Pu 240" OR 240Pu OR 240-Pu OR "240 Pu" OR 

Pu-241 OR Pu241 OR "Pu 241" OR 241Pu OR 241-Pu OR "241 Pu"

"Commerical Discount Corporation" OR "St. Louis Airport Authority" AND 

radium OR Ra-226 OR Ra226 OR "Ra 226" OR 226-Ra OR 226Ra OR "226 Ra" 

OR Ra-228 OR Ra228 OR "Ra 228" OR 228Ra

"Commerical Discount Corporation" OR "St. Louis Airport Authority" AND 228-

Ra OR "228 Ra" OR radon OR Rn-222 OR Rn222 OR "Rn 222" OR 222Rn OR 

222-Rn

"Commerical Discount Corporation" OR "St. Louis Airport Authority" AND "222 

Rn" OR thoron OR Rn-220 OR Rn220 OR "Rn 220" OR 220Rn OR 220-Rn OR 

"220 Rn" OR protactinium OR Pa-234m OR Pa234m OR "Pa 234m" OR 234mPa 

OR 234m-Pa OR "234m Pa"

"Commerical Discount Corporation" OR "St. Louis Airport Authority" AND 

strontium OR Sr-90 OR Sr90 OR "Sr 90" OR 90-Sr OR 90Sr OR "90 Sr" OR 

oralloy OR postum OR tuballoy OR "uranyl nitrate hexahydrate" OR UNH OR K65 OR "sump cake"

"Commerical Discount Corporation" OR "St. Louis Airport Authority" AND 

accident OR "air count" OR "air dust" OR "air filter" OR "airborne test" OR alpha 

OR "belgian congo ore" OR beta OR bioassay OR bio-assay OR breath OR 

"breathing zone" OR BZ

"Commerical Discount Corporation" OR "St. Louis Airport Authority" AND 

"body burden" OR calibration OR "chest count" OR columnation OR 

contamination OR curie OR denitration OR "denitration pot"
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

66 of 82 

Table A1-2: Database Searches for SLAPS

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded 

to SRDB

"Commerical Discount Corporation" OR "St. Louis Airport Authority" AND 

derby OR regulus OR "derived air concentration" OR DAC OR dose OR 

dosimeter or dosimetric OR dosimetry OR electron OR environment

"Commerical Discount Corporation" OR "St. Louis Airport Authority" AND 

"Ether-Water Project" OR exposure OR "exposure investigation" OR "radiation 

exposure" OR external OR "F machine" OR fecal OR "feed material" OR

femptocurie OR film

"Commerical Discount Corporation" OR "St. Louis Airport Authority" AND 

fission OR fluoroscopy OR "Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program" 

OR FUSRAP OR gamma-ray OR "gamma ray" OR "gas proportional" OR 

"gaseous diffusion" OR health

"Commerical Discount Corporation" OR "St. Louis Airport Authority" AND 

"health instrument" OR "health physics" OR H.I. OR HI OR HP OR "highly 

enriched uranium" OR HEU OR hydrofluorination OR "in vitro" OR "in vivo"

"Commerical Discount Corporation" OR "St. Louis Airport Authority" AND 

incident OR ingestion OR inhalation OR internal OR investigation OR isotope 

OR isotopic OR "isotopic enrichment" OR "JS Project" OR Landauer OR "liquid 

scintillation"

"Commerical Discount Corporation" OR "St. Louis Airport Authority" AND log 

OR "log sheet" OR "log book" OR "low enriched uranium" OR LEU OR "lung 

count" OR "maximum permissible concentration" OR MPC OR metallurgy OR 

microcurie OR millicurie

"Commerical Discount Corporation" OR "St. Louis Airport Authority" AND 

"mixed fission product" OR MFP OR monitor OR "air monitoring" OR nanocurie 

OR "nasal wipe" OR neutron OR "nose wipe" OR nuclear

"Commerical Discount Corporation" OR "St. Louis Airport Authority" AND 

Chicago-Nuclear OR "nuclear fuels" OR "nuclear track emulsion type A" OR 

NTA OR "occupational radiation exposure" OR occurrence OR "ore concentrate"
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

67 of 82 

Table A1-2: Database Searches for SLAPS

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded 

to SRDB

"Commerical Discount Corporation" OR "St. Louis Airport Authority" AND "PC 

Project" OR permit OR "radiation work permit" OR "safe work permit" OR 

"special work permit" OR RWP OR SWP OR "phosphate research" OR photon 

OR picocurie

"Commerical Discount Corporation" OR "St. Louis Airport Authority" AND 

pitchblende OR "pocket ion chamber" OR PIC OR problem OR procedure OR 

radeco OR radiation OR radioactive OR radioactivity OR radiograph OR 

radiological

"Commerical Discount Corporation" OR "St. Louis Airport Authority" AND 

"Radiological Survey Data Sheet" OR RSDS OR radionuclide OR raffinate OR 

reactor OR respiratory OR "retention schedules" OR roentgen OR sample OR "air 

sample" OR "dust sample"

"Commerical Discount Corporation" OR "St. Louis Airport Authority" AND 

"general area air sample" OR sampling OR "air sampling" OR "dust sampling" 

OR "general area air sampling" OR "solvent extraction" OR source OR "sealed 

source"

"Commerical Discount Corporation" OR "St. Louis Airport Authority" AND 

spectra OR spectrograph OR spectroscopy OR spectrum OR standard OR 

operating OR processing

"Commerical Discount Corporation" OR "St. Louis Airport Authority" AND 

survey OR "building survey" OR "routine survey" OR "special survey" OR 

"technical basis" OR "thermal diffusion" OR "thermoluminescent dosimeter" OR 

TLD

"Commerical Discount Corporation" OR "St. Louis Airport Authority" AND 

"Tiger Team" OR "tolerance dose" OR urinalysis OR urine OR "whole body 

count" OR WBC OR "working level" OR WL OR X-ray OR "X ray" OR Xray

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport" AND 

americium OR Am241 OR Am-241 OR "Am 241" OR "241Am" OR 241-Am OR 

"241 Am" OR ionium OR Th230 OR Th-230 OR "Th 230" OR 230Th OR 230-Th 

OR "230 Th"
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

68 of 82 

Table A1-2: Database Searches for SLAPS

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded 

to SRDB

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport" AND 

neptunium OR Np237 OR Np-237 OR "Np 237" OR 237Np OR 237-Np OR "237 

Np" OR palm OR palmolive OR polonium OR Po210 OR Po-210 OR "Po 210" 

OR 210Po OR 210-Po OR "210 Po"

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport" AND thorium 

OR thoria OR Th232 OR Th-232 OR "Th 232" OR 232Th OR 232-Th OR "232 

Th" OR "Z metal" OR Z-metal OR myrnalloy OR "chemical 10-66" OR 

"chemical 1066" OR "chemical 10 66"

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport" AND "chemical 

18-12" OR "chemical 1812" OR "chemical 18 12" OR "chemical 10-12" OR 

"chemical 1012" OR "chemical 10 12" OR UX1 OR UX2

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport" AND Th-234 

OR Th234 OR "Th 234" OR 234-Th OR 234Th OR "234 Th" OR tritium OR H3 

OR H-3 OR mint OR HTO

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport" AND uranium 

OR U233 OR U-233 OR "U 233" OR 233U OR 233-U OR "233 U" OR U234 

OR "U 234" OR U-234 OR 234U OR 234-U OR "234 U" OR U235 OR "U 235" 

OR U-235 OR 235-U OR 235U OR "235 U"

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport" AND U238 OR 

"U 238" OR U-238 OR 238-U OR 238U OR "238 U" OR U308 OR "U 308" OR 

U-308 OR 308-U OR 308U OR "308 U"

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport" AND "black 

oxide" OR "brown oxide" OR "green salt" OR "orange oxide" OR "yellow cake" 

OR UO2 OR UO3 OR UF4 OR UF6

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport" AND C-216 

OR C-616 OR C-65 OR C-211 OR U3O8 OR "uranium extraction" OR "uranium 

dioxide" OR "uranium hexafluoride" OR "uranium tetrafluoride" OR "uranium 

trioxide"
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

69 of 82 

Table A1-2: Database Searches for SLAPS

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded 

to SRDB

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport" AND plutonium 

OR Pu-238 OR Pu238 OR "Pu 238" OR 238Pu OR 238-Pu OR "238 Pu" OR Pu239 OR Pu239 OR "Pu 239" OR 239Pu OR 239-Pu

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport" AND "239 Pu" 

OR Pu-240 OR Pu240 OR "Pu 240" OR 240Pu OR 240-Pu OR "240 Pu" OR Pu241 OR Pu241 OR "Pu 241" OR 241Pu OR 241-Pu OR "241 Pu"

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport" AND radium 

OR Ra-226 OR Ra226 OR "Ra 226" OR 226-Ra OR 226Ra OR "226 Ra" OR Ra228 OR Ra228 OR "Ra 228" OR 228Ra 

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport" AND 228-Ra 

OR "228 Ra" OR radon OR Rn-222 OR Rn222 OR "Rn 222" OR 222Rn OR 222-

Rn

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport" AND "222 Rn" 

OR thoron OR Rn-220 OR Rn220 OR "Rn 220" OR 220Rn OR 220-Rn OR "220 

Rn" OR protactinium OR Pa-234m OR Pa234m OR "Pa 234m" OR 234mPa OR 

234m-Pa OR "234m Pa"

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport" AND strontium 

OR Sr-90 OR Sr90 OR "Sr 90" OR 90-Sr OR 90Sr OR "90 Sr" OR oralloy OR 

postum OR tuballoy OR "uranyl nitrate hexahydrate" OR UNH OR K-65 OR 

"sump cake"

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport" AND accident 

OR "air count" OR "air dust" OR "air filter" OR "airborne test" OR alpha OR 

"belgian congo ore" OR beta OR bioassay OR bio-assay OR breath OR "breathing 

zone" OR BZ

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport" AND "body 

burden" OR calibration OR "chest count" OR columnation OR contamination OR 

curie OR denitration OR "denitration pot"
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

70 of 82 

Table A1-2: Database Searches for SLAPS

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded 

to SRDB

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport" AND derby OR 

regulus OR "derived air concentration" OR DAC OR dose OR dosimeter or 

dosimetric OR dosimetry OR electron OR environment

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport" AND "EtherWater Project" OR exposure OR "exposure investigation" OR "radiation 

exposure" OR external OR "F machine" OR fecal OR "feed material" OR 

femptocurie OR film

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport" AND fission 

OR fluoroscopy OR "Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program" OR 

FUSRAP OR gamma-ray OR "gamma ray" OR "gas proportional" OR "gaseous 

diffusion" OR health

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport" AND "health 

instrument" OR "health physics" OR H.I. OR HI OR HP OR "highly enriched 

uranium" OR HEU OR hydrofluorination OR "in vitro" OR "in vivo"

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport" AND incident 

OR ingestion OR inhalation OR internal OR investigation OR isotope OR isotopic 

OR "isotopic enrichment" OR "JS Project" OR Landauer OR "liquid scintillation"

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport" AND log OR 

"log sheet" OR "log book" OR "low enriched uranium" OR LEU OR "lung count" 

OR "maximum permissible concentration" OR MPC OR metallurgy OR 

microcurie OR millicurie

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport" AND "mixed 

fission product" OR MFP OR monitor OR "air monitoring" OR nanocurie OR 

"nasal wipe" OR neutron OR "nose wipe" OR nuclear

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport" AND ChicagoNuclear OR "nuclear fuels" OR "nuclear track emulsion type A" OR NTA OR 

"occupational radiation exposure" OR occurrence OR "ore concentrate"
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

71 of 82 

Table A1-2: Database Searches for SLAPS

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded 

to SRDB

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport" AND "PC 

Project" OR permit OR "radiation work permit" OR "safe work permit" OR 

"special work permit" OR RWP OR SWP OR "phosphate research" OR photon 

OR picocurie

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport" AND 

pitchblende OR "pocket ion chamber" OR PIC OR problem OR procedure OR 

radeco OR radiation OR radioactive OR radioactivity OR radiograph OR 

radiological

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport" AND 

"Radiological Survey Data Sheet" OR RSDS OR radionuclide OR raffinate OR 

reactor OR respiratory OR "retention schedules" OR roentgen OR sample OR "air 

sample" OR "dust sample"

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport" AND "general 

area air sample" OR sampling OR "air sampling" OR "dust sampling" OR 

"general area air sampling" OR "solvent extraction" OR source OR "sealed 

source"

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport" AND spectra 

OR spectrograph OR spectroscopy OR spectrum OR standard OR operating OR 

processing

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport" AND survey 

OR "building survey" OR "routine survey" OR "special survey" OR "technical 

basis" OR "thermal diffusion" OR "thermoluminescent dosimeter" OR TLD

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport" AND "Tiger 

Team" OR "tolerance dose" OR urinalysis OR urine OR "whole body count" OR 

WBC OR "working level" OR WL OR X-ray OR "X ray" OR Xray

"Commerical Discount Corporation of Chicago" AND americium OR Am241 OR 

Am-241 OR "Am 241" OR "241Am" OR 241-Am OR "241 Am" OR ionium OR 

Th230 OR Th-230 OR "Th 230" OR 230Th OR 230-Th OR "230 Th"
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

72 of 82 

Table A1-2: Database Searches for SLAPS

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded 

to SRDB

"Commerical Discount Corporation of Chicago" AND neptunium OR Np237 OR 

Np-237 OR "Np 237" OR 237Np OR 237-Np OR "237 Np" OR palm OR 

palmolive OR polonium OR Po210 OR Po-210 OR "Po 210" OR 210Po OR 210-

Po OR "210 Po"

"Commerical Discount Corporation of Chicago" AND thorium OR thoria OR 

Th232 OR Th-232 OR "Th 232" OR 232Th OR 232-Th OR "232 Th" OR "Z 

metal" OR Z-metal OR myrnalloy OR "chemical 10-66" OR "chemical 1066" OR 

"chemical 10 66"

"Commerical Discount Corporation of Chicago" AND "chemical 18-12" OR 

"chemical 1812" OR "chemical 18 12" OR "chemical 10-12" OR "chemical 1012" 

OR "chemical 10 12" OR UX1 OR UX2

"Commerical Discount Corporation of Chicago" AND Th-234 OR Th234 OR "Th 

234" OR 234-Th OR 234Th OR "234 Th" OR tritium OR H3 OR H-3 OR mint 

OR HTO

"Commerical Discount Corporation of Chicago" AND uranium OR U233 OR U233 OR "U 233" OR 233U OR 233-U OR "233 U" OR U234 OR "U 234" OR U234 OR 234U OR 234-U OR "234 U" OR U235 OR "U 235" OR U-235 OR 235-

U OR 235U OR "235 U"

"Commerical Discount Corporation of Chicago" AND U238 OR "U 238" OR U238 OR 238-U OR 238U OR "238 U" OR U308 OR "U 308" OR U-308 OR 308-

U OR 308U OR "308 U"

"Commerical Discount Corporation of Chicago" AND "black oxide" OR "brown 

oxide" OR "green salt" OR "orange oxide" OR "yellow cake" OR UO2 OR UO3 

OR UF4 OR UF6

"Commerical Discount Corporation of Chicago" AND C-216 OR C-616 OR C-65 

OR C-211 OR U3O8 OR "uranium extraction" OR "uranium dioxide" OR 

"uranium hexafluoride" OR "uranium tetrafluoride" OR "uranium trioxide"
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

73 of 82 

Table A1-2: Database Searches for SLAPS

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded 

to SRDB

"Commerical Discount Corporation of Chicago" AND plutonium OR Pu-238 OR 

Pu238 OR "Pu 238" OR 238Pu OR 238-Pu OR "238 Pu" OR Pu-239 OR Pu239 

OR "Pu 239" OR 239Pu OR 239-Pu

"Commerical Discount Corporation of Chicago" AND "239 Pu" OR Pu-240 OR 

Pu240 OR "Pu 240" OR 240Pu OR 240-Pu OR "240 Pu" OR Pu-241 OR Pu241 

OR "Pu 241" OR 241Pu OR 241-Pu OR "241 Pu"

"Commerical Discount Corporation of Chicago" AND radium OR Ra-226 OR 

Ra226 OR "Ra 226" OR 226-Ra OR 226Ra OR "226 Ra" OR Ra-228 OR Ra228 

OR "Ra 228" OR 228Ra

"Commerical Discount Corporation of Chicago" AND 228-Ra OR "228 Ra" OR 

radon OR Rn-222 OR Rn222 OR "Rn 222" OR 222Rn OR 222-Rn

"Commerical Discount Corporation of Chicago" AND "222 Rn" OR thoron OR 

Rn-220 OR Rn220 OR "Rn 220" OR 220Rn OR 220-Rn OR "220 Rn" OR 

protactinium OR Pa-234m OR Pa234m OR "Pa 234m" OR 234mPa OR 234m-Pa 

OR "234m Pa"

"Commerical Discount Corporation of Chicago" AND strontium OR Sr-90 OR 

Sr90 OR "Sr 90" OR 90-Sr OR 90Sr OR "90 Sr" OR oralloy OR postum OR 

tuballoy OR "uranyl nitrate hexahydrate" OR UNH OR K-65 OR "sump cake"

"Commerical Discount Corporation of Chicago" AND accident OR "air count" 

OR "air dust" OR "air filter" OR "airborne test" OR alpha OR "belgian congo ore" 

OR beta OR bioassay OR bio-assay OR breath OR "breathing zone" OR BZ

"Commerical Discount Corporation of Chicago" AND "body burden" OR 

calibration OR "chest count" OR columnation OR contamination OR curie OR 

denitration OR "denitration pot"

"Commerical Discount Corporation of Chicago" AND derby OR regulus OR 

"derived air concentration" OR DAC OR dose OR dosimeter or dosimetric OR 

dosimetry OR electron OR environment
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

74 of 82 

Table A1-2: Database Searches for SLAPS

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded 

to SRDB

"Commerical Discount Corporation of Chicago" AND "Ether-Water Project" OR 

exposure OR "exposure investigation" OR "radiation exposure" OR external OR 

"F machine" OR fecal OR "feed material" OR femptocurie OR film

"Commerical Discount Corporation of Chicago" AND fission OR fluoroscopy OR 

"Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program" OR FUSRAP OR gamma-ray 

OR "gamma ray" OR "gas proportional" OR "gaseous diffusion" OR health

"Commerical Discount Corporation of Chicago" AND "health instrument" OR 

"health physics" OR H.I. OR HI OR HP OR "highly enriched uranium" OR HEU 

OR hydrofluorination OR "in vitro" OR "in vivo"

"Commerical Discount Corporation of Chicago" AND incident OR ingestion OR 

inhalation OR internal OR investigation OR isotope OR isotopic OR "isotopic 

enrichment" OR "JS Project" OR Landauer OR "liquid scintillation"

"Commerical Discount Corporation of Chicago" AND log OR "log sheet" OR 

"log book" OR "low enriched uranium" OR LEU OR "lung count" OR "maximum 

permissible concentration" OR MPC OR metallurgy OR microcurie OR millicurie

"Commerical Discount Corporation of Chicago" AND "mixed fission product" 

OR MFP OR monitor OR "air monitoring" OR nanocurie OR "nasal wipe" OR 

neutron OR "nose wipe" OR nuclear

"Commerical Discount Corporation of Chicago" AND Chicago-Nuclear OR 

"nuclear fuels" OR "nuclear track emulsion type A" OR NTA OR "occupational 

radiation exposure" OR occurrence OR "ore concentrate"

"Commerical Discount Corporation of Chicago" AND "PC Project" OR permit 

OR "radiation work permit" OR "safe work permit" OR "special work permit" OR 

RWP OR SWP OR "phosphate research" OR photon OR picocurie

"Commerical Discount Corporation of Chicago" AND pitchblende OR "pocket 

ion chamber" OR PIC OR problem OR procedure OR radeco OR radiation OR 

radioactive OR radioactivity OR radiograph OR radiological
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

75 of 82 

Table A1-2: Database Searches for SLAPS

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded 

to SRDB

"Commerical Discount Corporation of Chicago" AND "Radiological Survey Data 

Sheet" OR RSDS OR radionuclide OR raffinate OR reactor OR respiratory OR 

"retention schedules" OR roentgen OR sample OR "air sample" OR "dust sample"

"Commerical Discount Corporation of Chicago" AND "general area air sample" 

OR sampling OR "air sampling" OR "dust sampling" OR "general area air 

sampling" OR "solvent extraction" OR source OR "sealed source"

"Commerical Discount Corporation of Chicago" AND spectra OR spectrograph 

OR spectroscopy OR spectrum OR standard OR operating OR processing

"Commerical Discount Corporation of Chicago" AND survey OR "building 

survey" OR "routine survey" OR "special survey" OR "technical basis" OR 

"thermal diffusion" OR "thermoluminescent dosimeter" OR TLD

"Commerical Discount Corporation of Chicago" AND "Tiger Team" OR 

"tolerance dose" OR urinalysis OR urine OR "whole body count" OR WBC OR 

"working level" OR WL OR X-ray OR "X ray" OR Xray

"Continental Mining and Milling Company" OR "Cotter Corporation" AND 

americium OR Am241 OR Am-241 OR "Am 241" OR "241Am" OR 241-Am OR 

"241 Am" OR ionium OR Th230 OR Th-230 OR "Th 230" OR 230Th OR 230-Th 

OR "230 Th"

"Continental Mining and Milling Company" OR "Cotter Corporation" AND 

neptunium OR Np237 OR Np-237 OR "Np 237" OR 237Np OR 237-Np OR "237 

Np" OR palm OR palmolive OR polonium OR Po210 OR Po-210 OR "Po 210" 

OR 210Po OR 210-Po OR "210 Po"

"Continental Mining and Milling Company" OR "Cotter Corporation" AND 

thorium OR thoria OR Th232 OR Th-232 OR "Th 232" OR 232Th OR 232-Th 

OR "232 Th" OR "Z metal" OR Z-metal OR myrnalloy OR "chemical 10-66" OR 

"chemical 1066" OR "chemical 10 66"

"Continental Mining and Milling Company" OR "Cotter Corporation" AND 

"chemical 18-12" OR "chemical 1812" OR "chemical 18 12" OR "chemical 10-

12" OR "chemical 1012" OR "chemical 10 12" OR UX1 OR UX2
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

76 of 82 

Table A1-2: Database Searches for SLAPS

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded 

to SRDB

"Continental Mining and Milling Company" OR "Cotter Corporation" AND Th234 OR Th234 OR "Th 234" OR 234-Th OR 234Th OR "234 Th" OR tritium OR 

H3 OR H-3 OR mint OR HTO

"Continental Mining and Milling Company" OR "Cotter Corporation" AND 

uranium OR U233 OR U-233 OR "U 233" OR 233U OR 233-U OR "233 U" OR 

U234 OR "U 234" OR U-234 OR 234U OR 234-U OR "234 U" OR U235 OR "U 

235" OR U-235 OR 235-U OR 235U OR "235 U"

"Continental Mining and Milling Company" OR "Cotter Corporation" AND U238 

OR "U 238" OR U-238 OR 238-U OR 238U OR "238 U" OR U308 OR "U 308" 

OR U-308 OR 308-U OR 308U OR "308 U"

"Continental Mining and Milling Company" OR "Cotter Corporation" AND 

"black oxide" OR "brown oxide" OR "green salt" OR "orange oxide" OR "yellow 

cake" OR UO2 OR UO3 OR UF4 OR UF6

"Continental Mining and Milling Company" OR "Cotter Corporation" AND C216 OR C-616 OR C-65 OR C-211 OR U3O8 OR "uranium extraction" OR 

"uranium dioxide" OR "uranium hexafluoride" OR "uranium tetrafluoride" OR 

"uranium trioxide"

"Continental Mining and Milling Company" OR "Cotter Corporation" AND 

plutonium OR Pu-238 OR Pu238 OR "Pu 238" OR 238Pu OR 238-Pu OR "238 

Pu" OR Pu-239 OR Pu239 OR "Pu 239" OR 239Pu OR 239-Pu

"Continental Mining and Milling Company" OR "Cotter Corporation" AND "239 

Pu" OR Pu-240 OR Pu240 OR "Pu 240" OR 240Pu OR 240-Pu OR "240 Pu" OR 

Pu-241 OR Pu241 OR "Pu 241" OR 241Pu OR 241-Pu OR "241 Pu"

"Continental Mining and Milling Company" OR "Cotter Corporation" AND 

radium OR Ra-226 OR Ra226 OR "Ra 226" OR 226-Ra OR 226Ra OR "226 Ra" 

OR Ra-228 OR Ra228 OR "Ra 228" OR 228Ra

"Continental Mining and Milling Company" OR "Cotter Corporation" AND 228-

Ra OR "228 Ra" OR radon OR Rn-222 OR Rn222 OR "Rn 222" OR 222Rn OR 

222-Rn
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

77 of 82 

Table A1-2: Database Searches for SLAPS

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded 

to SRDB

"Continental Mining and Milling Company" OR "Cotter Corporation" AND "222 

Rn" OR thoron OR Rn-220 OR Rn220 OR "Rn 220" OR 220Rn OR 220-Rn OR 

"220 Rn" OR protactinium OR Pa-234m OR Pa234m OR "Pa 234m" OR 234mPa 

OR 234m-Pa OR "234m Pa"

"Continental Mining and Milling Company" OR "Cotter Corporation" AND 

strontium OR Sr-90 OR Sr90 OR "Sr 90" OR 90-Sr OR 90Sr OR "90 Sr" OR 

oralloy OR postum OR tuballoy OR "uranyl nitrate hexahydrate" OR UNH OR K65 OR "sump cake"

"Continental Mining and Milling Company" OR "Cotter Corporation" AND 

accident OR "air count" OR "air dust" OR "air filter" OR "airborne test" OR alpha 

OR "belgian congo ore" OR beta OR bioassay OR bio-assay OR breath OR 

"breathing zone" OR BZ

"Continental Mining and Milling Company" OR "Cotter Corporation" AND 

"body burden" OR calibration OR "chest count" OR columnation OR 

contamination OR curie OR denitration OR "denitration pot"

"Continental Mining and Milling Company" OR "Cotter Corporation" AND derby 

OR regulus OR "derived air concentration" OR DAC OR dose OR dosimeter or 

dosimetric OR dosimetry OR electron OR environment

"Continental Mining and Milling Company" OR "Cotter Corporation" AND 

"Ether-Water Project" OR exposure OR "exposure investigation" OR "radiation 

exposure" OR external OR "F machine" OR fecal OR "feed material" OR 

femptocurie OR film

"Continental Mining and Milling Company" OR "Cotter Corporation" AND 

fission OR fluoroscopy OR "Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program" 

OR FUSRAP OR gamma-ray OR "gamma ray" OR "gas proportional" OR 

"gaseous diffusion" OR health

"Continental Mining and Milling Company" OR "Cotter Corporation" AND 

"health instrument" OR "health physics" OR H.I. OR HI OR HP OR "highly 

enriched uranium" OR HEU OR hydrofluorination OR "in vitro" OR "in vivo"
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

78 of 82 

Table A1-2: Database Searches for SLAPS

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded 

to SRDB

"Continental Mining and Milling Company" OR "Cotter Corporation" AND 

incident OR ingestion OR inhalation OR internal OR investigation OR isotope 

OR isotopic OR "isotopic enrichment" OR "JS Project" OR Landauer OR "liquid 

scintillation"

"Continental Mining and Milling Company" OR "Cotter Corporation" AND log 

OR "log sheet" OR "log book" OR "low enriched uranium" OR LEU OR "lung 

count" OR "maximum permissible concentration" OR MPC OR metallurgy OR 

microcurie OR millicurie

"Continental Mining and Milling Company" OR "Cotter Corporation" AND 

"mixed fission product" OR MFP OR monitor OR "air monitoring" OR nanocurie 

OR "nasal wipe" OR neutron OR "nose wipe" OR nuclear

"Continental Mining and Milling Company" OR "Cotter Corporation" AND 

Chicago-Nuclear OR "nuclear fuels" OR "nuclear track emulsion type A" OR 

NTA OR "occupational radiation exposure" OR occurrence OR "ore concentrate"

"Continental Mining and Milling Company" OR "Cotter Corporation" AND "PC 

Project" OR permit OR "radiation work permit" OR "safe work permit" OR 

"special work permit" OR RWP OR SWP OR "phosphate research" OR photon 

OR picocurie

"Continental Mining and Milling Company" OR "Cotter Corporation" AND 

pitchblende OR "pocket ion chamber" OR PIC OR problem OR procedure OR 

radeco OR radiation OR radioactive OR radioactivity OR radiograph OR 

radiological

"Continental Mining and Milling Company" OR "Cotter Corporation" AND 

"Radiological Survey Data Sheet" OR RSDS OR radionuclide OR raffinate OR 

reactor OR respiratory OR "retention schedules" OR roentgen OR sample OR "air 

sample" OR "dust sample"

"Continental Mining and Milling Company" OR "Cotter Corporation" AND 

"general area air sample" OR sampling OR "air sampling" OR "dust sampling" 

OR "general area air sampling" OR "solvent extraction" OR source OR "sealed 

source"
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

79 of 82 

Table A1-2: Database Searches for SLAPS

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded 

to SRDB

"Continental Mining and Milling Company" OR "Cotter Corporation" AND 

spectra OR spectrograph OR spectroscopy OR spectrum OR standard OR 

operating OR processing

"Continental Mining and Milling Company" OR "Cotter Corporation" AND 

survey OR "building survey" OR "routine survey" OR "special survey" OR 

"technical basis" OR "thermal diffusion" OR "thermoluminescent dosimeter" OR 

TLD

"Continental Mining and Milling Company" OR "Cotter Corporation" AND 

"Tiger Team" OR "tolerance dose" OR urinalysis OR urine OR "whole body 

count" OR WBC OR "working level" OR WL OR X-ray OR "X ray" OR Xray

Missouri Department of Natural Resources 

http://www.dnr.mo.gov/

COMPLETED 10/11/2009

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site"

SLAPS

“Robertson Airport” AND “St. Louis”

“Robertson Storage Area” AND “St. Louis”

“Commercial Discount Corporation”

“Commercial Discount Corporation of Chicago”

“First National City Bank” OR Citibank AND “St. Louis Airport”

“St. Louis Airport Authority”

“Continental Mining and Milling Company” “Continental Mining and Milling 

Company of Chicago”

“Cotter Corporation” 

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site"

153 9 

National Academies Press

http://www.nap.edu/

COMPLETED 09/20/2009

SLAPS

"Robertson Airport" AND "St. Louis"

"Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis"

"Commercial Discount Corporation"

"Commercial Discount Corporation of Chicago"

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport"

"St. Louis Airport Authority"

"Continental Mining and Milling Company"

"Continental Mining and Milling Company of Chicago"

"Cotter Corporation"

2,623 0 
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

80 of 82 

Table A1-2: Database Searches for SLAPS

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded 

to SRDB

"St. Louis Airport Authority"

"Louis Airport Storage Site"

"Robertson Airport" AND Louis

"Robertson Storage Area" AND Louis

"Commercial Discount"

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "Louis Airport"

"Louis Airport Authority"

"Continental Mining and Milling"

Cotter +Louis

NNSA - Nevada Site Office

www.nv.doe.gov/main/search.htm

COMPLETED 09/20/2009

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site"

SLAPS

"Robertson Airport" AND "St. Louis"

"Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis"

"Commercial Discount Corporation"

"Commercial Discount Corporation of Chicago"

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport"

"St. Louis Airport Authority"

"Continental Mining and Milling Company"

"Continental Mining and Milling Company of Chicago"

"Cotter Corporation"

"St. Louis Airport Authority"

"Louis Airport Storage Site"

"Robertson Airport" AND Louis

"Robertson Storage Area" AND Louis

"Commercial Discount"

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "Louis Airport"

"Louis Airport Authority"

"Continental Mining and Milling"

Cotter +Louis

0 0 

NRC ADAMS Reading Room

http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams/web-based.html

COMPLETED 10/01/2009

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site"

SLAPS

"Robertson Airport" AND "St. Louis"

"Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis"

"Commercial Discount Corporation"

"Commercial Discount Corporation of Chicago"

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport"

"St. Louis Airport Authority"

1,010 3 
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

81 of 82 

Table A1-2: Database Searches for SLAPS

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded 

to SRDB

"Continental Mining and Milling Company"

"Continental Mining and Milling Company of Chicago"

"Cotter Corporation"

"St. Louis Airport Authority"

"Louis Airport Storage Site"

"Robertson Airport" AND Louis

“Robertson Storage Area" AND Louis

"Commercial Discount"

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "Louis Airport"

"Louis Airport Authority"

"Continental Mining and Milling"

Cotter +Louis

US Army Corps of Engineers

http://www.mvs.usace.army.mil/eng-con/expertise/fusrapstl-sites.html

COMPLETED 10/11/2009

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site"

SLAPS

“Robertson Airport” AND “St. Louis”

“Robertson Storage Area” AND “St. Louis”

“Commercial Discount Corporation”

“Commercial Discount Corporation of Chicago”

“First National City Bank” OR Citibank AND “St. Louis Airport”

“St. Louis Airport Authority”

“Continental Mining and Milling Company”

“Continental Mining and Milling Company of Chicago”

“Cotter Corporation”

24 20

U.S. Transuranium & Uranium Registries 

http://www.ustur.wsu.edu/

COMPLETED 09/20/2009

"St. Louis Airport Storage Site"

SLAPS

"Robertson Airport" AND "St. Louis"

"Robertson Storage Area" AND "St. Louis"

"Commercial Discount Corporation"

"Commercial Discount Corporation of Chicago"

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "St. Louis Airport"

"St. Louis Airport Authority"

"Continental Mining and Milling Company"

"Continental Mining and Milling Company of Chicago"

"Cotter Corporation"

"St. Louis Airport Authority"

"Louis Airport Storage Site"

"Robertson Airport" AND Louis

0 0 
SEC-00150 04-12-10 Rev. 0 St. Louis Airport Storage (SLAPS) Site 

82 of 82 

Table A1-2: Database Searches for SLAPS

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded 

to SRDB

"Robertson Storage Area" AND Louis

"Commercial Discount"

"First National City Bank" OR Citibank AND "Louis Airport"

“Louis Airport Authority"

"Continental Mining and Milling"

Cotter +Louis

Table A1-3: OSTI Documents Requested for SLAPS

Document Number Document Title Requested Received

NA

Ref ID: 76039

Preliminary Public Health Assessment St. Louis Airport Hazelwood 

Interim Storage/Futura Coatings Company Appendix A - Dose 

Calculations

10/12/2009 11/12/2009

NA

Ref ID: 76040

Preliminary Public Health Assessment St. Louis Airport Hazelwood 

Interim Storage/Futura Coatings Company Appendix B - Public 

Comments

10/12/2009 11/12/2009

Table A1-4: Cincinnati Public Library Documents Ordered for SLAPS

Document Number Document Title Requested Received

NA

Ref ID: 74425

Radionuclide Leaching from Residual Soils: Screening Study - Practical 

Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic and Radioactive Waste Management 

Vol 6(3):184-191 July 2002

10/12/2009 10/12/2009

NA

Ref ID: 75052

Program Achievements in the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action 

Program - Federal Facilities Environmental Journal Vol 13(1):77-83

10/12/2009 10/23/2009