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                                                                   Exhibit 4.3.1
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                                   DDi CORP.

                                      TO

                    THE STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY
                                   AS TRUSTEE



                            SUBORDINATED INDENTURE


                       DATED AS OF FEBRUARY [   ], 2001



                         SUBORDINATED DEBT SECURITIES



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                               TABLE OF CONTENTS
                               -----------------

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                                   ARTICLE I

            DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION


SECTION 101.    DEFINITIONS.............................................      1
SECTION 102.    COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATES AND OPINIONS....................      9
SECTION 103.    FORM OF DOCUMENTS DELIVERED TO TRUSTEE..................      9
SECTION 104.    ACTS OF HOLDERS; RECORD DATES...........................     10
SECTION 105.    NOTICES, ETC., TO TRUSTEE AND COMPANY...................     12
SECTION 106.    NOTICE TO HOLDERS; WAIVER...............................     12
SECTION 107.    CONFLICT WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT.......................     13
SECTION 108.    EFFECT OF HEADINGS AND TABLE OF CONTENTS................     13
SECTION 109.    SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS..................................     13
SECTION 110.    SEPARABILITY CLAUSE.....................................     13
SECTION 111.    BENEFITS OF INDENTURE...................................     13
SECTION 112.    GOVERNING LAW...........................................     13
SECTION 113.    LEGAL HOLIDAYS..........................................     13
SECTION 114.    INDENTURE AND SECURITIES SOLELY CORPORATE OBLIGATIONS...     14
SECTION 115.    INDENTURE MAY BE EXECUTED IN COUNTERPARTS...............     14


                                  ARTICLE II

                                SECURITY FORMS

SECTION 201.    FORMS GENERALLY.........................................     14
SECTION 202.    FORM OF FACE OF SECURITY................................     15
SECTION 203.    FORM OF REVERSE OF SECURITY.............................     17
SECTION 204.    FORM OF LEGEND FOR GLOBAL SECURITIES....................     21
SECTION 205.    FORM OF TRUSTEE'S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION.........     22
SECTION 206.    FORM OF CONVERSION NOTICE...............................     22


                                  ARTICLE III

                                THE SECURITIES

SECTION 301.    AMOUNT UNLIMITED; ISSUABLE IN SERIES....................     23
SECTION 302.    DENOMINATIONS...........................................     26

                                      i

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SECTION 303.    EXECUTION, AUTHENTICATION, DELIVERY AND DATING..........     26
SECTION 304.    TEMPORARY SECURITIES....................................     28
SECTION 305.    REGISTRATION; REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE.....     28
SECTION 306.    MUTILATED, DESTROYED, LOST AND STOLEN SECURITIES........     30
SECTION 307.    PAYMENT OF INTEREST; INTEREST RIGHTS PRESERVED..........     31
SECTION 308.    PERSONS DEEMED OWNERS...................................     32
SECTION 309.    CANCELLATION............................................     32
SECTION 310.    COMPUTATION OF INTEREST.................................     32


                                  ARTICLE IV

                          SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE

SECTION 401.    SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE.................     33
SECTION 402.    APPLICATION OF TRUST MONEY..............................     34


                                   ARTICLE V

                                   REMEDIES

SECTION 501.    EVENTS OF DEFAULT.......................................     34
SECTION 502.    ACCELERATION OF MATURITY; RESCISSION AND ANNULMENT......     35
SECTION 503.    COLLECTION OF INDEBTEDNESS AND SUITS FOR
                ENFORCEMENT BY TRUSTEE..................................     36
SECTION 504.    TRUSTEE MAY FILE PROOFS OF CLAIM........................     37
SECTION 505.    TRUSTEE MAY ENFORCE CLAIMS WITHOUT POSSESSION OF
                SECURITIES..............................................     37
SECTION 506.    APPLICATION OF MONEY COLLECTED..........................     37
SECTION 507.    LIMITATION ON SUITS.....................................     38
SECTION 508.    UNCONDITIONAL RIGHT OF HOLDERS TO RECEIVE PRINCIPAL,
                PREMIUM AND INTEREST AND TO CONVERT.....................     38
SECTION 509.    RESTORATION OF RIGHTS AND REMEDIES......................     39
SECTION 510.    RIGHTS AND REMEDIES CUMULATIVE..........................     39
SECTION 511.    DELAY OR OMISSION NOT WAIVER............................     39
SECTION 512.    CONTROL BY HOLDERS......................................     39
SECTION 513.    WAIVER OF PAST DEFAULTS.................................     40
SECTION 514.    UNDERTAKING FOR COSTS...................................     40
SECTION 515.    WAIVER OF USURY, STAY OR EXTENSION LAWS.................     40

                                       ii
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                                                                           PAGE
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                                  ARTICLE VI

                                  THE TRUSTEE

SECTION 601.    CERTAIN DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES.....................     41
SECTION 602.    NOTICE OF DEFAULTS......................................     41
SECTION 603.    CERTAIN RIGHTS OF TRUSTEE...............................     41
SECTION 604.    NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR RECITALS OR ISSUANCE OF
                SECURITIES..............................................     42
SECTION 605.    MAY HOLD SECURITIES AND ACT AS TRUSTEE UNDER OTHER
                INDENTURES..............................................     42
SECTION 606.    MONEY HELD IN TRUST.....................................     43
SECTION 607.    COMPENSATION AND REIMBURSEMENT..........................     43
SECTION 608.    CONFLICTING INTERESTS...................................     43
SECTION 609.    CORPORATE TRUSTEE REQUIRED; ELIGIBILITY.................     43
SECTION 610.    RESIGNATION AND REMOVAL; APPOINTMENT OF SUCCESSOR.......     44
SECTION 611.    ACCEPTANCE OF APPOINTMENT BY SUCCESSOR..................     45
SECTION 612.    MERGER, CONVERSION, CONSOLIDATION OR SUCCESSION
                TO BUSINESS.............................................     46
SECTION 613.    PREFERENTIAL COLLECTION OF CLAIMS AGAINST COMPANY.......     46
SECTION 614.    APPOINTMENT OF AUTHENTICATING AGENT.....................     46


                                  ARTICLE VII

               HOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY

SECTION 701.    COMPANY TO FURNISH TRUSTEE NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF
                HOLDERS.................................................     48
SECTION 702.    PRESERVATION OF INFORMATION; COMMUNICATIONS TO
                HOLDERS.................................................     48
SECTION 703.    REPORTS BY TRUSTEE......................................     49
SECTION 704.    REPORTS BY COMPANY......................................     49


                                 ARTICLE VIII

             CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE

SECTION 801.    COMPANY MAY CONSOLIDATE, ETC., ONLY ON CERTAIN TERMS....     49
SECTION 802.    SUCCESSOR SUBSTITUTED...................................     50

                                       iii
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                                                                            PAGE
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                                  ARTICLE IX

                            SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

SECTION 901.    SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITHOUT CONSENT OF
                HOLDERS.................................................     50
SECTION 902.    SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITH CONSENT OF HOLDERS.........     52
SECTION 903.    EXECUTION OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES....................     53
SECTION 904.    EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.......................     53
SECTION 905.    CONFORMITY WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT.....................     53
SECTION 906.    REFERENCE IN SECURITIES TO SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES......     53
SECTION 907.    SUBORDINATION UNIMPAIRED................................     53


                                  ARTICLE X

                                   COVENANTS

SECTION 1001.   PAYMENT OF PRINCIPAL, PREMIUM AND INTEREST..............     54
SECTION 1002.   MAINTENANCE OF OFFICE OR AGENCY.........................     54
SECTION 1003.   MONEY FOR SECURITIES PAYMENTS TO BE HELD IN TRUST.......     54
SECTION 1004.   STATEMENT BY OFFICERS AS TO DEFAULT.....................     55
SECTION 1005.   EXISTENCE...............................................     55
SECTION 1006.   MAINTENANCE OF PROPERTIES...............................     56
SECTION 1007.   PAYMENT OF TAXES AND OTHER CLAIMS.......................     56
SECTION 1008.   WAIVER OF CERTAIN COVENANTS.............................     56


                                  ARTICLE XI

                           REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES

SECTION 1101.   APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE................................     56
SECTION 1102.   ELECTION TO REDEEM; NOTICE TO TRUSTEE...................     57
SECTION 1103.   SELECTION BY TRUSTEE OF SECURITIES TO BE REDEEMED.......     57
SECTION 1104.   NOTICE OF REDEMPTION....................................     58
SECTION 1105.   DEPOSIT OF REDEMPTION PRICE.............................     58
SECTION 1106.   SECURITIES PAYABLE ON REDEMPTION DATE...................     59
SECTION 1107.   SECURITIES REDEEMED IN PART.............................     59

                                       iv
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                                                                            PAGE
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                                  ARTICLE XII

                                 SINKING FUNDS

SECTION 1201.   APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE................................     59
SECTION 1202.   SATISFACTION OF SINKING FUND PAYMENTS WITH
                SECURITIES..............................................     60
SECTION 1203.   REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES FOR SINKING FUND...............     60


                                  ARTICLE XIII

                      DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE

SECTION 1301.   COMPANY'S OPTION TO EFFECT DEFEASANCE OR COVENANT
                DEFEASANCE..............................................     60
SECTION 1302.   DEFEASANCE AND DISCHARGE................................     61
SECTION 1303.   COVENANT DEFEASANCE.....................................     61
SECTION 1304.   CONDITIONS TO DEFEASANCE OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE.........     62
SECTION 1305.   DEPOSITED MONEY AND U.S. GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS
                TO BE HELD IN TRUST; MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS...........     64
SECTION 1306.   REINSTATEMENT...........................................     65


                                  ARTICLE XIV

                           CONVERSION OF SECURITIES

SECTION 1401.   APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE................................     65
SECTION 1402.   EXERCISE OF CONVERSION PRIVILEGE........................     65
SECTION 1403.   NO FRACTIONAL SHARES....................................     66
SECTION 1404.   ADJUSTMENT OF CONVERSION PRICE..........................     67
SECTION 1405.   NOTICE OF CERTAIN CORPORATE ACTIONS.....................     67
SECTION 1406.   RESERVATION OF SHARES OF COMMON STOCK...................     68
SECTION 1407.   PAYMENT OF CERTAIN TAXES UPON CONVERSION................     68
SECTION 1408.   NONASSESSABILITY........................................     68
SECTION 1409.   PROVISION IN CASE OF CONSOLIDATION, MERGER OR
                SALE OF ASSETS..........................................     68
SECTION 1410.   DUTIES OF TRUSTEE REGARDING CONVERSION..................     69
SECTION 1411.   REPAYMENT OF CERTAIN FUNDS UPON CONVERSION..............     70

                                       v
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                                  ARTICLE XV

                          SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES

SECTION 1501.   AGREEMENT OF SUBORDINATION..............................     70
SECTION 1502.   PAYMENTS TO HOLDERS.....................................     71
SECTION 1503.   SUBROGATION OF SECURITIES...............................     73
SECTION 1504.   AUTHORIZATION TO EFFECT SUBORDINATION...................     74
SECTION 1505.   NOTICE TO TRUSTEE.......................................     74
SECTION 1506.   TRUSTEE'S RELATION TO SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS...............     75
SECTION 1507.   NO IMPAIRMENT OF SUBORDINATION..........................     75
SECTION 1508.   CERTAIN CONVERSIONS DEEMED PAYMENT......................     75
SECTION 1509.   ARTICLE APPLICABLE TO PAYING AGENTS.....................     76
SECTION 1510.   SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS ENTITLED TO RELY....................     76

                                       vi
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                                   DDi CORP.

Certain Sections of this Indenture relating to Sections 310 through 318,
inclusive, of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939:

Section 310 (a)(1)......................................................... 609
        (a)(2)..............................................................609
        (a)(3)...................................................Not Applicable
        (a)(4)...................................................Not Applicable
        (b)............................................................608, 610
Section 311 (a).............................................................613
        (b).................................................................613
Section 312 (a)........................................................701, 702
        (b).................................................................702
        (c).................................................................702
Section 313 (a).............................................................703
        (b).................................................................703
        (c).................................................................703
        (d).................................................................703
Section 314 (a).............................................................704
        (a)(4)........................................................101, 1004
        (b)......................................................Not Applicable
        (c)(1)..............................................................102
        (c)(2)..............................................................102
        (c)(3)...................................................Not Applicable
        (d)......................................................Not Applicable
        (e).................................................................102
Section 315 (a).............................................................601
        (b).................................................................602
        (c).................................................................601
        (d).................................................................601
        (e).................................................................514
Section 316 (a).............................................................101
        (a)(1)(A)...........................................................512
        (a)(1)(B)...........................................................513
        (a)(2)...................................................Not Applicable
        (a)(2)...................................................Not Applicable
        (b).................................................................508
        (c).................................................................104
Section 317 (a)(1)..........................................................503
        (a)(2)..............................................................504
        (b)................................................................1003
Section 318 (a).............................................................107

NOTE: This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be a
part of the Indenture.

                                       vii
<PAGE>

      SUBORDINATED INDENTURE, dated as of February ____, 2001 (this
"Indenture"), between DDi Corp., a corporation duly organized and existing under
the laws of the State of Delaware (herein called the "Company"), having its
principal executive office at 1220 Simon Circle, Anaheim, California 92806, and
The State Street Bank and Trust Company, a national banking association duly
organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America, as
Trustee (herein called the "Trustee").

                            RECITALS OF THE COMPANY

      The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this
Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its unsecured
debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness (herein called the
"Securities"), to be issued in one or more series as provided in this Indenture.

      All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the
Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.

                   NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH:

      For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the
Securities by the Holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed, for the
equal and proportionate benefit of all Holders of the Securities or of series
thereof appertaining, as follows:


                                   ARTICLE I

            DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION

SECTION 101.  DEFINITIONS.

      For all purposes of this Indenture, except as otherwise expressly provided
or unless the context otherwise requires:

          (1)   the terms defined in this Article have the meanings assigned to
      them in this Article and include the plural as well as the singular;

          (2)   all other terms used herein which are defined in the Trust
      Indenture Act, either directly or by reference therein, have the meanings
      assigned to them therein;

          (3)   all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have the
      meanings assigned to them in accordance with generally accepted accounting
      principles and, except as otherwise herein expressly provided, the term
      "generally accepted accounting principles" with respect to any computation
      required or permitted hereunder shall mean such accounting principles as
      are generally accepted at the date of such computation;

          (4)   unless the context otherwise requires, any reference to an
      "Article" or a "Section" refers to an Article or a Section, as the case
      may be, of this Indenture; and

                                       1
<PAGE>

          (5)   the words "herein," "hereof" and "hereunder" and other words of
      similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any
      particular Article, Section or other subdivision.

      "Act," when used with respect to any Holder, has the meaning specified in
Section 104.

      "Affiliate" of any specified Person means any other Person directly or
indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common
control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition,

      "Control" when used with respect to any specified Person means the power
to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly,
whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise;
and the terms "controlling" and "controlled" have meanings correlative to the
foregoing.

      "Authenticating Agent" means any Person authorized by the Trustee pursuant
to Section 614 to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of one
or more series.

      "Board of Directors" means either the board of directors of the Company or
any duly authorized committee of that board empowered to act for it with respect
to this Indenture.

      "Board Resolution" means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary
or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board
of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such
certification, and delivered to the Trustee.

      "Business Day," when used with respect to any Place of Payment, means each
Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday which is not a day on which
banking institutions in that Place of Payment are authorized or obligated by law
or executive order to close.

      "Commission" means the Securities and Exchange Commission, from time to
time constituted, created under the Exchange Act, or, if at any time after the
execution of this instrument such Commission is not existing and performing the
duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture Act, then the body
performing such duties at such time.

      "Common Stock" includes any stock of any class of the Company which has no
preference in respect of dividends or of amounts payable in the event of any
voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company
and which is not subject to redemption by the Company; provided, however,
subject to the provisions of Section 1409, shares issuable upon conversion of
Securities shall include only shares of the class designated as Common Stock of
the Company at the date of this Indenture or shares of any class or classes
resulting from any reclassification or reclassifications thereof and which have
no preference in respect of dividends or of amounts payable in the event of any
voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company
and which are not subject to redemption by the Company; provided, further, that
if at any time there shall be more than one such resulting class, the shares of
each such class then so issuable shall be substantially in the proportion which
the total number of shares of such class resulting from all such
reclassifications bears to the total number of shares of all such classes
resulting from all such reclassifications.

                                       2
<PAGE>

      "Company" means the corporation named as the "Company" in the first
paragraph of this instrument until a successor Person shall have become such
pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter
"Company" shall mean such successor Person.

      "Company Request" or "Company Order" means a written request or order
signed in the name of the Company by its Chairman of the Board, its Vice
Chairman of the Board, its President or a Vice President, and by its principal
financial officer, its Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, its Secretary or an
Assistant Secretary, and delivered to the Trustee.

      "Corporate Trust Office" means the corporate trust office of the Trustee
at 633 West 5th Street, 12th Floor, Los Angeles, California 90071, Attention:
Corporate Trust Department, or such other office, designated by the Trustee by
written notice to the Company and approved by the Company, at which at any
particular time its corporate trust business shall be administered.

      "Corporation" means a corporation, association, company, joint-stock
company or business trust.

      "Covenant Defeasance" has the meaning specified in Section 1303.

      "Defaulted Interest" has the meaning specified in Section 307.

      "Defeasance" has the meaning specified in Section 1302.

      "Depositary" means, with respect to Securities of any series issuable in
whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities, a clearing agency
registered under the Exchange Act that is designated to act as Depositary for
such Securities as contemplated by Section 301.

      "Designated Senior Indebtedness" means the Company's obligations under any
particular Senior Indebtedness in which the instrument creating or evidencing
the same or the assumption or guarantee thereof (or related agreements or
documents to which the Company is a party) expressly provides that such Senior
Indebtedness shall be "Designated Senior Indebtedness" for purposes of the
Indenture (provided that such instrument, agreement or other document may place
limitations and conditions on the right of such Senior Indebtedness to exercise
the rights of Designated Senior Indebtedness). If any payment made to any holder
of any Designated Senior Indebtedness or its Representative with respect to such
Designated Senior Indebtedness is rescinded or must otherwise be returned by
such holder or Representative upon the insolvency, bankruptcy or reorganization
of the Company or otherwise, the reinstated Indebtedness of the Company arising
as a result of such rescission or return shall constitute Designated Senior
Indebtedness effective as of the date of such rescission or return.

      "Event of Default" has the meaning specified in Section 501.

      "Exchange Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and any statute
successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to time.

      "Expiration Date" has the meaning specified in Section 104.

                                       3
<PAGE>

      "Global Security" means a Security that evidences all or part of the
Securities of any series and bears the legend set forth in Section 204 (or such
legend as may be specified as contemplated by Section 301 for such Securities).

      "Holder" means a Person in whose name a Security is registered in the
Security Register.

      "Indebtedness" means with respect to any Person, and without duplication,
(a) all indebtedness, obligations and other liabilities (contingent or
otherwise) of such Person for borrowed money (including obligations of such
Person in respect of overdrafts, foreign exchange contracts, currency exchange
agreements, interest rate protection agreements, and any loans or advances from
banks, whether or not evidenced by notes or similar instruments) or evidenced by
bonds, debentures, notes or similar instruments (whether or not the recourse of
the lender is to the whole of the assets of such Person or to only a portion
thereof) (other than any account payable or other accrued current liability or
obligation incurred in the ordinary course of business in connection with the
obtaining of materials or services), (b) all reimbursement obligations and other
liabilities (contingent or otherwise) of such Person with respect to letters of
credit, bank guarantees or bankers' acceptances, (c) all obligations and
liabilities (contingent or otherwise) in respect of leases of such Person
required, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, to be
accounted for as capitalized lease obligations on the balance sheet of such
Person or under other leases for facilities equipment or related assets whether
or not capitalized, entered into or leased for financing purposes, as determined
by the Company, and all obligations and other liabilities contingent or
otherwise, or under any lease or related document (including a purchase
agreement) in connection with the lease of real property or improvements thereon
which provides that such Person is contractually obligated to purchase or cause
a third party to purchase the leased property and thereby guarantee a minimum
residual value of the leased property to the lessor and the obligations of such
Person under such lease or related document to purchase or to cause a third
party to purchase such leased property, (d) all obligations of such Person
(contingent or otherwise) with respect to any interest rate, currency or other
swap, cap, floor or collar agreement, hedge agreement, forward contract, or
other similar instrument or agreement or foreign currency hedge, exchange,
purchase or similar instrument or agreement, (e) all direct or indirect
guaranties or similar agreements by such Person in respect of, and obligations
or liabilities (contingent or otherwise) of such Person to purchase or otherwise
acquire or otherwise assure a creditor against loss in respect of, indebtedness,
obligations or liabilities of another Person of the kind described in clauses
(a) through (d), (f) any indebtedness or other obligations described in clauses
(a) through (d) secured by any mortgage, pledge, lien or other encumbrance
existing on property which is owned or held by such Person, regardless of
whether the indebtedness or other obligation secured thereby shall have been
assumed by such Person and (g) any and all deferrals, renewals, extensions and
refundings of, or amendments, modifications or supplements to, any indebtedness,
obligation or liability of the kind described in clauses (a) through (f).

      "Indenture" means this instrument as originally executed and as it may
from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures
supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof,
including, for all purposes of this instrument and any such supplemental
indenture, the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act that are deemed to be a
part of and govern this instrument and any such supplemental indenture,
respectively. The term

                                       4
<PAGE>

"Indenture" shall also include the terms of particular
series of Securities established as contemplated by Section 301; provided,
however, that if at any time more than one Person is acting as Trustee under
this Indenture due to the appointment of one or more separate Trustees for any
one or more separate series of Securities, "Indenture" shall mean, with respect
to such series of Securities for which any such Person is Trustee, this
instrument as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented
or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into pursuant
to the applicable provisions hereof and shall include the terms of particular
series of Securities for which such Person is Trustee established as
contemplated by Section 301, exclusive, however, of any provisions or terms
which relate solely to other series of Securities for which such Person is not
Trustee, regardless of when such terms or provisions were adopted, and exclusive
of any provisions or terms adopted by means of one or more indentures
supplemental hereto executed and delivered after such Person had become such
Trustee, but to which such Person, as such Trustee, was not a party; provided,
further that in the event that this Indenture is supplemented or amended by one
or more indentures supplemental hereto which are only applicable to certain
series of Securities, the term "Indenture" for a particular series of Securities
shall only include the supplemental indentures applicable thereto.

      "Interest," when used with respect to an Original Issue Discount Security
which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means interest payable
after Maturity.

      "Interest Payment Date," when used with respect to any Security, means the
Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Security.

      "Investment Company Act" means the Investment Company Act of 1940 and any
statute successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to time.

      "Maturity," when used with respect to any Security, means the date on
which the principal of such Security or an installment of principal becomes due
and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by
declaration of acceleration, call for redemption, repurchase at the option of
the Holder or otherwise.

      "Notice of Default" means a written notice of the kind specified in
Section 501(3).

      "Officers' Certificate" means a certificate signed by the Chairman of the
Board, a Vice Chairman of the Board, the President or a Vice President, and by
the principal financial officer, the Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, the
Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, of the Company, and delivered to the
Trustee. One of the officers signing an Officers' Certificate given pursuant to
Section 1004 shall be the principal executive, financial or accounting officer
of the Company.

      "Opinion of Counsel" means a written opinion of counsel, who may be
counsel for, or an employee of, the Company, and who shall be reasonably
acceptable to the Trustee.

      "Original Issue Discount Security" means any Security which provides for
an amount less than the principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon a
declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 502.

                                       5
<PAGE>

      "Outstanding," when used with respect to Securities, means, as of the date
of determination, all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered under
this Indenture, except:

          (1)   Securities theretofore canceled by the Trustee or delivered to
      the Trustee for cancellation;

          (2)   Securities for whose payment or redemption money in the
      necessary amount has been theretofore deposited with the Trustee or any
      Paying Agent (other than the Company) in trust or set aside and segregated
      in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own Paying Agent)
      for the Holders of such Securities; provided that, if such Securities are
      to be redeemed, notice of such redemption has been duly given pursuant to
      this Indenture or provision therefor satisfactory to the Trustee has been
      made;

          (3)   Securities as to which Defeasance has been effected pursuant to
      Section 1302; and

          (4)   Securities which have been paid pursuant to Section 306 or in
      exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been authenticated
      and delivered pursuant to this Indenture, other than any such Securities
      in respect of which there shall have been presented to the Trustee proof
      satisfactory to it that such Securities are held by a bona fide purchaser
      in whose hands such Securities are valid obligations of the Company;

provided, however, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities have given, made or taken any
request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other
action hereunder as of any date, (A) the principal amount of an Original Issue
Discount Security which shall be deemed to be Outstanding shall be the amount of
the principal thereof which would be due and payable as of such date upon
acceleration of the Maturity thereof to such date pursuant to Section 502, (B)
if, as of such date, the principal amount payable at the Stated Maturity of a
Security is not determinable, the principal amount of such Security which shall
be deemed to be Outstanding shall be the amount as specified or determined as
contemplated by Section 301, (C) the principal amount of a Security denominated
in one or more foreign currencies or currency units which shall be deemed to be
Outstanding shall be the U.S. dollar equivalent, determined as of such date in
the manner provided as contemplated by Section 301, of the principal amount of
such Security (or, in the case of a Security described in Clause (A) or (B)
above, of the amount determined as provided in such Clause), and (D) Securities
owned by the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate
of the Company or of such other obligor shall be disregarded and deemed not to
be Outstanding, except that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be
protected in relying upon any such request, demand, authorization, direction,
notice, consent, waiver or other action, only Securities which the Trustee knows
to be so owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned which have been
pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee establishes
to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee's right so to act with respect to
such Securities and that the pledgee is not the Company or any other obligor
upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor.

                                       6
<PAGE>

      "Paying Agent" means any Person authorized by the Company to pay the
principal of or any premium or interest on any Securities on behalf of the
Company.

      "Payment Blockage Notice" has the meaning specified in Section 1502.

      "Person" means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture,
trust, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political
subdivision thereof.

      "Place of Payment," when used with respect to the Securities of any
series, means the place or places where the principal of and any premium and
interest on the Securities of that series are payable as specified as
contemplated by Section 301.

      "Predecessor Security" of any particular Security means every previous
Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such
particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security
authenticated and delivered under Section 306 in exchange for or in lieu of a
mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the
same debt as the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security.

      "Record Date" means any Regular Record Date or Special Record Date.

      "Redemption Date," when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed,
means any date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this Indenture.

      "Redemption Price," when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed,
means the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to this Indenture.

      "Regular Record Date" for the interest payable on any Interest Payment
Date on the Securities of any series means the date specified for that purpose
as contemplated by Section 301.

      "Representative" means the (a) indenture trustee or other trustee, agent
or representative for any Senior Indebtedness or (b) with respect to any Senior
Indebtedness that does not have any such trustee, agent or other representative,
(i) in the case of such Senior Indebtedness issued pursuant to an agreement
providing for voting arrangements as among the holders or owners of such Senior
Indebtedness, any holder or owner of such Senior Indebtedness acting with the
consent of the required persons necessary to bind such holders or owners of such
Senior Indebtedness and (ii) in the case of all other such Senior Indebtedness,
the holder or owner of such Senior Indebtedness.

      "Securities" has the meaning stated in the first recital of this Indenture
and more particularly means any Securities authenticated and delivered under or
pursuant to this Indenture.

      "Securities Act" means the Securities Act of 1933 and any statute
successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to time.

      "Security Register" and "Security Registrar" have the respective meanings
specified in Section 305.

                                       7
<PAGE>

      "Senior Indebtedness" means the principal of, premium, if any, interest
(including all interest accruing subsequent to the commencement of any
bankruptcy or similar proceeding, whether or not a claim for post-petition
interest is allowable as a claim in any such proceeding) and rent payable on or
in connection with, and all fees, costs, expenses and all other amounts accrued
or due on or in connection with, Indebtedness of the Company, whether
outstanding on the date of this Indenture or thereafter created, incurred,
assumed, guaranteed or in effect guaranteed by the Company (including all
deferrals, renewals, extensions or refundings of, or amendments, modifications
or supplements to, the foregoing), unless in the case of any particular
Indebtedness the instrument creating or evidencing the same or the assumption or
guarantee thereof expressly provides that such Indebtedness shall not be senior
in right of payment to the Securities or expressly provides that such
Indebtedness is "pari passu" or "junior" to the Securities.  If any payment made
to any holder of any Senior Indebtedness or its Representative with respect to
such Senior Indebtedness is rescinded or must otherwise be returned by such
holder or Representative upon the insolvency, bankruptcy or reorganization of
the Company or otherwise, the reinstated Indebtedness of the Company arising as
a result of such rescission or return shall constitute Senior Indebtedness
effective as of the date of such rescission or return.

      "Special Record Date" for the payment of any Defaulted Interest means a
date fixed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 307.

      "Stated Maturity," when used with respect to any Security or any
installment of principal thereof or interest thereon, means the date specified
in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or
such installment of principal or interest is due and payable.

      "Subsidiary" means a corporation of which at least a majority of the
outstanding voting stock having the power to elect a majority of the board of
directors of such corporation is at the time owned, directly or indirectly, by
the Company or by one or more other Subsidiaries, or by the Company and one or
more other Subsidiaries, and the accounts of which are consolidated with those
of the Company in its most recent consolidated financial statements in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. For the purposes of
this definition, "voting stock" means stock which ordinarily has voting power
for the election of directors, whether at all times or only so long as no senior
class of stock has such voting power by reason of any contingency.

      "Trust Indenture Act" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as in force at
the date as of which this instrument was executed; provided, however, that in
the event the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended after such date, "Trust
Indenture Act" means, to the extent required by any such amendment, the Trust
Indenture Act of 1939 as so amended.

      "Trustee" means the Person named as the "Trustee" in the first paragraph
of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such pursuant to
the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter "Trustee" shall mean
or include each Person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and if at any time there
is more than one such Person, "Trustee" as used with respect to the Securities
of any series shall mean the Trustee with respect to Securities of that series.

      "U.S. Government Obligation" has the meaning specified in Section 1304.

                                       8
<PAGE>

      "Vice President," when used with respect to the Company or the Trustee,
means any vice president, whether or not designated by a number or a word or
words added before or after the title "vice president."

SECTION 102.  COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATES AND OPINIONS.

      Upon any application or request by the Company to the Trustee to take any
action under any provision of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the
Trustee such certificates and opinions as may be required under the Trust
Indenture Act. Each such certificate or opinion shall be given in the form of an
Officers' Certificate, if to be given by an officer of the Company, or an
Opinion of Counsel, if to be given by counsel, and shall comply with the
requirements of the Trust Indenture Act and any other requirements set forth in
this Indenture.

      Every certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition
or covenant provided for in this Indenture shall include,

          (1)   a statement that each individual signing such certificate or
      opinion has read such covenant or condition and the definitions herein
      relating thereto;

          (2)   a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination
      or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such
      certificate or opinion are based;

          (3)   a statement that, in the opinion of each such individual, he or
      she has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable
      him or her to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such
      covenant or condition has been complied with; and

          (4)   a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each such
      individual, such condition or covenant has been complied with.

SECTION 103.  FORM OF DOCUMENTS DELIVERED TO TRUSTEE.

      In any case where several matters are required to be certified by, or
covered by an opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all
such matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such
Person, or that they be so certified or covered by only one document, but one
such Person may certify or give an opinion with respect to some matters and one
or more other such Persons as to other matters, and any such Person may certify
or give an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents.

      Any certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company may be based,
insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or
representations by, counsel, unless such officer knows, or in the exercise of
reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations
with respect to the matters upon which his or her certificate or opinion is
based are erroneous. Any such certificate or opinion of counsel may be based,
insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or
representations by, an officer or officers of the Company stating that the
information with respect to such factual matters is in the

                                       9
<PAGE>

possession of the Company, unless such counsel knows, or in the exercise of
reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations
with respect to such matters are erroneous.

      Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or more
applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or other
instruments under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be consolidated and
form one instrument.

SECTION 104.  ACTS OF HOLDERS; RECORD DATES.

      Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or
other action provided or permitted by this Indenture to be given, made or taken
by Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of
substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in person or by agent duly
appointed in writing; and, except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such
action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments are delivered
to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the Company. The
Trustee shall promptly deliver to the Company copies of all such instrument or
instruments delivered to the Trustee. Such instrument or instruments (and the
action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to
as the "Act" of the Holders signing such instrument or instruments. Proof of
execution of any such instrument or of a writing appointing any such agent shall
be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and (subject to Section 601)
conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company, if made in the manner
provided in this Section.

      The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument or
writing may be proved by the affidavit of a witness of such execution or by a
certificate of a notary public or other officer authorized by law to take
acknowledgments of deeds, certifying that the individual signing such instrument
or writing acknowledged to him or her the execution thereof. Where such
execution is by a signer acting in a capacity other than his or her individual
capacity, such certificate or affidavit shall also constitute sufficient proof
of his or her authority. The fact and date of the execution of any such
instrument or writing, or the authority of the Person executing the same, may
also be proved in any other manner which the Trustee deems sufficient.

      The ownership of Securities shall be proved by the Security Register.

      Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or
other Act of the Holder of any Security shall bind every future Holder of the
same Security and the Holder of every Security issued upon the registration of
transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof in respect of
anything done, omitted or suffered to be done by the Trustee or the Company in
reliance thereon, whether or not notation of such action is made upon such
Security.

      The Company may set any day as a record date for the purpose of
determining the Holders of Outstanding Securities of any series entitled to
give, make or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, vote, notice,
consent, waiver or other action provided or permitted by this Indenture to be
given, made or taken by Holders of Securities of such series, provided that the
Company may not set a record date for, and the provisions of this paragraph
shall not apply with respect to, the giving or making of any notice,
declaration, request or direction referred to in the next paragraph. If any
record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the

                                       10
<PAGE>

Holders of Outstanding Securities of the relevant series on such record date,
and no other Holders, shall be entitled to take the relevant action, whether or
not such Holders remain Holders after such record date; provided that no such
action shall be effective hereunder unless taken on or prior to the applicable
Expiration Date by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding
Securities of such series on such record date. Nothing in this paragraph shall
be construed to prevent the Company from setting a new record date for any
action for which a record date has previously been set pursuant to this
paragraph (whereupon the record date previously set shall automatically and with
no action by any Person be canceled and of no effect), and nothing in this
paragraph shall be construed to render ineffective any action taken by Holders
of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities of the relevant
series on the date such action is taken. Promptly after any record date is set
pursuant to this paragraph, the Company, at its own expense, shall cause notice
of such record date, the proposed action by Holders and the applicable
Expiration Date to be given to the Trustee in writing and to each Holder of
Securities of the relevant series in the manner set forth in Section 106.

      The Trustee may set any day as a record date for the purpose of
determining the Holders of Outstanding Securities of any series entitled to join
in the giving or making of (i) any Notice of Default, (ii) any declaration of
acceleration referred to in Section 502, (iii) any request to institute
proceedings referred to in Section 507(2) or (iv) any direction referred to in
Section 512, in each case with respect to Securities of such series. If any
record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Holders of Outstanding
Securities of such series on such record date, and no other Holders, shall be
entitled to join in such notice, declaration, request or direction, whether or
not such Holders remain Holders after such record date; provided that no such
action shall be effective hereunder unless taken on or prior to the applicable
Expiration Date by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding
Securities of such series on such record date. Nothing in this paragraph shall
be construed to prevent the Trustee from setting a new record date for any
action for which a record date has previously been set pursuant to this
paragraph (whereupon the record date previously set shall automatically and with
no action by any Person be canceled and of no effect), and nothing in this
paragraph shall be construed to render ineffective any action taken by Holders
of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities of the relevant
series on the date such action is taken. Promptly after any record date is set
pursuant to this paragraph, the Trustee, at the Company's expense, shall cause
notice of such record date, the proposed action by Holders and the applicable
Expiration Date to be given to the Company in writing and to each Holder of
Securities of the relevant series in the manner set forth in Section 106.

      With respect to any record date set pursuant to this Section, the party
hereto which sets such record dates may designate any day as the "Expiration
Date" and from time to time may change the Expiration Date to any earlier or
later day; provided that no such change shall be effective unless notice of the
proposed new Expiration Date is given to the other party hereto in writing, and
to each Holder of Securities of the relevant series in the manner set forth in
Section 106, on or prior to the existing Expiration Date. If an Expiration Date
is not designated with respect to any record date set pursuant to this Section,
the party hereto which set such record date shall be deemed to have initially
designated the 180th day after such record date as the Expiration Date with
respect thereto, subject to its right to change the Expiration Date as provided
in this paragraph. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no Expiration Date shall be
later than the 180th day after the applicable record date.

                                       11
<PAGE>

      Without limiting the foregoing, a Holder entitled hereunder to take any
action hereunder with regard to any particular Security may do so with regard to
all or any part of the principal amount of such Security or by one or more duly
appointed agents each of which may do so pursuant to such appointment with
regard to all or any part of such principal amount.

SECTION 105.  NOTICES, ETC., TO TRUSTEE AND COMPANY.

      Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or
Act of Holders or other document provided or permitted by this Indenture to be
made upon, given or furnished to, or filed with,

      (1)   the Trustee by any Holder or by the Company shall be sufficient for
every purpose hereunder if made, given, furnished or filed in writing (or by
facsimile transmissions, provided that oral confirmation of receipt shall have
been received) to or with the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office, Attention:
Corporate Trust Department, or

      (2)   the Company by the Trustee or by any Holder shall be sufficient for
every purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if in
writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to the Company addressed to it
at the address of its principal office specified in the first paragraph of this
instrument or at any other address previously furnished in writing to the
Trustee by the Company, Attention: Chief Financial Officer.

SECTION 106.  NOTICE TO HOLDERS; WAIVER.

      Where this Indenture provides for notice to Holders of any event, such
notice shall be sufficiently given (unless otherwise herein expressly provided)
if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid or delivered by hand or
overnight courier, to each Holder affected by such event, at its address as it
appears in the Security Register, not later than the latest date (if any), and
not earlier than the earliest date (if any), prescribed for the giving of such
notice. In any case where notice to Holders is given by mail, neither the
failure to mail or deliver by hand or overnight courier such notice, nor any
defect in any notice so mailed or delivered by hand or overnight courier, to any
particular Holder shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with respect to
other Holders. Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such
notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice,
either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of
such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the Trustee, but
such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action
taken in reliance upon such waiver.

      In case by reason of the suspension of regular mail service or by reason
of any other cause it shall be impracticable to give such notice by mail, then
such notification as shall be made with the approval of the Trustee shall
constitute a sufficient notification for every purpose hereunder.

                                       12
<PAGE>

SECTION 107.  CONFLICT WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT.

      If any provision hereof limits, qualifies or conflicts with a provision of
the Trust Indenture Act which is required under such Act to be a part of and
govern this Indenture, the latter provision shall control. If any provision of
this Indenture modifies or excludes any provision of the Trust Indenture Act
which may be so modified or excluded, the latter provision shall be deemed to
apply to this Indenture as so modified or to be excluded, as the case may be.

SECTION 108.  EFFECT OF HEADINGS AND TABLE OF CONTENTS.

      The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are for
convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.

SECTION 109.  SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS.

      All covenants and agreements in this Indenture by the Company shall bind
its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.

SECTION 110.  SEPARABILITY CLAUSE.

      In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be
invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of
the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

SECTION 111.  BENEFITS OF INDENTURE.

      Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, express or implied, shall
give to any Person, other than the parties hereto and their successors
hereunder, the holders of Senior Indebtedness and the Holders, any benefit or
any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture.

SECTION 112.  GOVERNING LAW.

      THIS INDENTURE AND THE SECURITIES SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN
ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, WITHOUT GIVING EFFECT TO SUCH
STATE'S CONFLICTS OF LAWS PRINCIPLES.

SECTION 113.  LEGAL HOLIDAYS.

      In any case where any Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date or Stated
Maturity of any Security or the last date on which a Holder has the right to
convert a Security at a particular conversion price shall not be a Business Day
at any Place of Payment, then (notwithstanding any other provision of this
Indenture or of the Securities (other than a provision of any Security which
specifically states that such provision shall apply in lieu of this Section))
payment of interest or principal (and premium, if any) or, if applicable to a
particular series of Securities, conversion need not be made at such Place of
Payment on such date, but may be made on the next succeeding Business Day at
such Place of Payment with the same force and effect as if made

                                       13
<PAGE>

on the Interest Payment Date or Redemption Date, at the Stated Maturity or on
such last day for conversion, as the case may be.

SECTION 114.  INDENTURE AND SECURITIES SOLELY CORPORATE OBLIGATIONS.

      No recourse for the payment of the principal of or premium, if any, or
interest on any Security, or for any claim based thereon or otherwise in respect
thereof, and no recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement of
the Company in this Indenture or in any supplemental indenture or in any
Security, or because of the creation of any indebtedness represented thereby,
shall be had against any incorporator, stockholder, employee, agent, officer, or
director or subsidiary, as such, past, present or future, of the Company or of
any successor corporation, either directly or through the Company or any
successor corporation, whether by virtue of any constitution, statute or rule of
law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or penalty or otherwise; it being
expressly understood that all such liability is hereby expressly waived and
released as a condition of, and as a consideration for, the execution of this
Indenture and the issue of the Securities.

SECTION 115.  INDENTURE MAY BE EXECUTED IN COUNTERPARTS.

      This instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of
which shall be an original, but such counterparts shall together constitute but
one and the same instruments.


                                  ARTICLE II

                                SECURITY FORMS

SECTION 201.  FORMS GENERALLY.

      The Securities of each series shall be in substantially the form set forth
in this Article, or in such other form as shall be established by or pursuant to
a Board Resolution or in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in each
case with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other
variations as are required or permitted by this Indenture, and may have such
letters, numbers or other marks of identification and such legends or
endorsements placed thereon as may be required to comply with the rules of any
securities exchange or Depositary therefor or as may, consistently herewith, be
determined by the officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by their
execution thereof. If the form of Securities of any series is established by
action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of
such action shall be certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the
Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Company
Order contemplated by Section 303 for the authentication and delivery of such
Securities. Any such Board Resolution or record of such action shall have
attached thereto a true and correct copy of the form of Security referred to
therein approved by or pursuant to such Board Resolution.

                                       14
<PAGE>

      The definitive Securities shall be printed, lithographed or engraved on
steel engraved borders or may be produced in any other manner, all as determined
by the officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by their execution of
such Securities.

SECTION 202.  FORM OF FACE OF SECURITY.

      [INSERT ANY LEGEND REQUIRED BY THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE AND THE
REGULATIONS THEREUNDER.]


                                   DDi CORP.
______________________________________________________________________________

NO. _____                                                         $___________

                                                            CUSIP: ___________

      DDi Corp., a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of
Delaware (herein called the "Company," which term includes any successor Person
under the Indenture hereinafter referred to), for value received, hereby
promises to pay to _______________________________, or registered assigns, the
principal sum of___________________________ Dollars on ____________ [IF THE
SECURITY IS TO BEAR INTEREST PRIOR TO MATURITY, INSERT -- , and to pay interest
thereon from _________ or from the most recent Interest Payment Date to which
interest has been paid or duly provided for, semi-annually on ___________ and
__________ in each year, commencing _______________, at the rate of ____% per
annum, until the principal hereof is paid or made available for payment [IF
APPLICABLE, INSERT -- , provided that any principal and premium, and any such
installment of interest, which is overdue shall bear interest at the rate of
___% per annum (to the extent that the payment of such interest shall be legally
enforceable), from the dates such amounts are due until they are paid or made
available for payment, and such interest shall be payable on demand]. The
interest so payable, and punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest
Payment Date will, as provided in such Indenture, be paid to the Person in whose
name this Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the
close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest, which shall be
the ___________ or ___________ (whether or not a Business Day), as the case may
be, next preceding such Interest Payment Date. Any such interest not so
punctually paid or duly provided for will forthwith cease to be payable to the
Holder on such Regular Record Date and may either be paid to the Person in whose
name this Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the
close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted
Interest to be fixed by the Trustee, notice whereof shall be given to Holders of
Securities of this series not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record
Date, or be paid at any time in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with
the requirements of any securities exchange on which the Securities of this
series may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange,
all as more fully provided in said Indenture].

      [IF THE SECURITY IS NOT TO BEAR INTEREST PRIOR TO MATURITY, INSERT -- The
principal of this Security shall not bear interest except in the case of a
default in

                                       15
<PAGE>

payment of principal upon acceleration, upon redemption or at Stated Maturity
and in such case the overdue principal and any overdue premium shall bear
interest at the rate of ___% per annum (to the extent that the payment of such
interest shall be legally enforceable), from the dates such amounts are due
until they are paid or made available for payment. Interest on any overdue
principal or premium shall be payable on demand. Any such interest on overdue
principal or premium which is not paid on demand shall bear interest at the rate
of ___% per annum (to the extent that the payment of such interest on interest
shall be legally enforceable), from the date of such demand until the amount so
demanded is paid or made available for payment. Interest on any overdue interest
shall be payable on demand.] Payment of the principal of (and premium, if any)
and [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT -- any such] interest on this Security will be made
at the office or agency of the Company maintained for that purpose in
_____________________, in such coin or currency of the United States of America
as at the time of payment is legal tender for payment of public and private
debts [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT -- ; provided, however, that at the option of the
Company payment of interest may be made by check mailed to the address of the
Person entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register].

      Reference is hereby made to the further provisions of this Security set
forth on the reverse hereof, which further provisions shall for all purposes
have the same effect as if set forth at this place.

      Unless the certificate of authentication hereon has been executed by the
Trustee referred to on the reverse hereof by manual signature, this Security
shall not be entitled to any benefit under the Indenture or be valid or
obligatory for any purpose.

      IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this instrument to be duly
executed under its corporate seal.

Dated: __________________           DDi CORP.


                                    By:__________________________________

                                    Title:_______________________________


ATTEST:


_____________________________

                                       16
<PAGE>

SECTION 203.  FORM OF REVERSE OF SECURITY.

      This Security is one of a duly authorized issue of securities of the
Company (herein called the "Securities"), issued and to be issued in one or more
series under an Indenture, dated as of ____________, 2001 (herein called the
"Indenture," which term shall have the meaning assigned to it in such
instrument), between the Company and The State Street Bank and Trust Company, as
Trustee (herein called the "Trustee," which term includes any successor trustee
under the Indenture), and reference is hereby made to the Indenture and all
indentures supplemental thereto for a statement of the respective rights,
limitations of rights, duties and immunities thereunder of the Company, the
Trustee, the holders of Senior Indebtedness and the Holders of the Securities
and of the terms upon which the Securities are, and are to be, authenticated and
delivered. This Security is one of the series designated on the face hereof [IF
APPLICABLE, INSERT -- , limited in aggregate principal amount to $_________].

      [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT -- The Securities of this series are subject to
redemption upon not less than [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT -- 30] days' notice by
mail, [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT - - (1) on _____________ in any year commencing
with the year _____ and ending with the year _____ through operation of the
sinking fund for this series at a Redemption Price equal to 100% of the
principal amount, and (2)] at any time [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT - on or after
_____________, 20__], as a whole or in part, at the election of the Company, at
the following Redemption Prices (expressed as percentages of the principal
amount): If redeemed [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT-- on or before ______________, ___%,
and if redeemed] during the 12-month period beginning ________ of the years
indicated,

 YEAR     REDEMPTION     PRICE     YEAR     REDEMPTION      PRICE
------   ------------   -------   ------   ------------    -------



and thereafter at a Redemption Price equal to _____% of the principal amount,
together in the case of any such redemption [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT -- (whether
through operation of the sinking fund or otherwise)] with accrued interest to
the Redemption Date, but interest installments whose Stated Maturity is on or
prior to such Redemption Date will be payable to the Holders of such Securities,
or one or more Predecessor Securities, of record at the close of business on the
relevant Record Dates referred to on the face hereof, all as provided in the
Indenture.]

      [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT --The Securities of this series are subject to
redemption upon not less than [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT -- 30] days' notice by
mail, (1) on _________ in any year commencing with the year _____ and ending
with the year _____ through operation of the sinking fund for this series at the
Redemption Prices for redemption through operation of the sinking fund
(expressed as percentages of the principal amount) set forth in the table below,
and (2) at any time [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT -- on or after __________], as a
whole or in part, at the election of the Company, at the Redemption Prices for
redemption otherwise than through operation of the sinking fund (expressed as
percentages of the principal amount) set forth in the table below: If redeemed
during the 12-month period beginning ________ of the years indicated,

                                       17
<PAGE>

           REDEMPTION PRICE FOR      REDEMPTION PRICE FOR
            REDEMPTION THROUGH        REDEMPTION THROUGH
             OPERATION OF THE          OPERATION OF THE
 YEAR          SINKING FUND              SINKING FUND
------    ----------------------    ----------------------


and thereafter at a Redemption Price equal to ___% of the principal amount,
together in the case of any such redemption (whether through operation of the
sinking fund or otherwise) with accrued interest to the Redemption Date, but
interest installments whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to such Redemption
Date will be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more
Predecessor Securities, of record at the close of business on the relevant
Record Dates referred to on the face hereof, all as provided in the Indenture.]

      [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT -- Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company may
not, prior to __________, redeem any Securities of this series as contemplated
by [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT -- Clause (2) of] the preceding paragraph as a part
of, or in anticipation of, any refunding operation by the application, directly
or indirectly, of moneys borrowed having an interest cost to the Company
(calculated in accordance with generally accepted financial practice) of less
than ___% per annum.]

      [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT -- The sinking fund for this series provides for
the redemption on ___________, in each year beginning with the year _____ and
ending with the year _____ of [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT -- not less than
$__________ ("mandatory sinking fund") and not more than] $___________ aggregate
principal amount of Securities of this series. Securities of this series
acquired or redeemed by the Company otherwise than through [IF APPLICABLE,
INSERT -- mandatory] sinking fund payments may be credited against subsequent
[IF APPLICABLE, INSERT -- mandatory] sinking fund payments otherwise required to
be made IF APPLICABLE, INSERT --, in the inverse order in which they become
due].]

      [IF THE SECURITY IS SUBJECT TO REDEMPTION OF ANY KIND, INSERT -- In the
event of redemption of this Security in part only, a new Security or Securities
of this series and of like tenor for the unredeemed portion hereof will be
issued in the name of the Holder hereof upon the cancellation hereof.]

      [IF APPLICABLE, INSERT -- The Indenture contains provisions for defeasance
at any time of [the entire indebtedness of this Security] [or] [certain
restrictive covenants and Events of Default with respect to this Security] [, in
each case] upon compliance with certain conditions set forth in the Indenture.]

      [IF THE SECURITY IS CONVERTIBLE INTO COMMON STOCK OF THE COMPANY, INSERT
-- Subject to the provisions of the Indenture, the Holder of this Security is
entitled, at its option, at any time on or before [INSERT DATE] (except that, in
case this Security or any portion hereof shall be called for redemption, such
right shall terminate with respect to this Security or portion hereof, as the
case may be, so called for redemption at the close of business on the first
Business Day next preceding the date fixed for redemption as provided in the
Indenture unless the Company defaults in making the payment due upon
redemption), to

                                       18
<PAGE>

convert the principal amount of this Security (or any portion hereof which is
$1,000 or an integral multiple thereof), into fully paid and non-assessable
shares (calculated as to each conversion to the nearest 1/100th of a share) of
the Common Stock of the Company, as said shares shall be constituted at the date
of conversion, at the conversion price of $_____________ principal amount of
Securities for each share of Common Stock, or at the adjusted conversion price
in effect at the date of conversion determined as provided in the Indenture,
upon surrender of this Security, together with the conversion notice hereon duly
executed, to the Company at the designated office or agency of the Company in
____________, accompanied (if so required by the Company) by instruments of
transfer, in form satisfactory to the Company and to the Trustee, duly executed
by the Holder or by its duly authorized attorney in writing.

      Such surrender shall, if made during any period beginning at the close of
business on a Regular Record Date and ending at the opening of business on the
Interest Payment Date next following such Regular Record Date (unless this
Security or the portion being converted shall have been called for redemption on
a Redemption Date during the period beginning at the close of business on a
Regular Record Date and ending at the opening of business on the first Business
Day after the next succeeding Interest Payment Date, or if such Interest Payment
Date is not a Business Day, the second such Business Day), also be accompanied
by payment in funds acceptable to the Company of an amount equal to the interest
payable on such Interest Payment Date on the principal amount of this Security
then being converted. Subject to the aforesaid requirement for payment and, in
the case of a conversion after the Regular Record Date next preceding any
Interest Payment Date and on or before such Interest Payment Date, to the right
of the Holder of this Security (or any Predecessor Security) of record at such
Regular Record Date to receive an installment of interest (with certain
exceptions provided in the Indenture), no adjustment is to be made on conversion
for interest accrued hereon or for dividends on shares of Common Stock issued on
conversion. The Company is not required to issue fractional shares upon any such
conversion, but shall make adjustment therefor in cash on the basis of the
current market value of such fractional interest as provided in the Indenture.
The conversion price is subject to adjustment as provided in the Indenture. In
addition, the Indenture provides that in case of certain consolidations or
mergers to which the Company is a party or the sale of substantially all of the
assets of the Company, the Indenture shall be amended, without the consent of
any Holders of Securities, so that this Security, if then outstanding, will be
convertible thereafter, during the period this Security shall be convertible as
specified above, only into the kind and amount of securities, cash and other
property receivable upon the consolidation, merger or sale by a holder of the
number of shares of Common Stock into which this Security might have been
converted immediately prior to such consolidation, merger or sale (assuming such
holder of Common Stock failed to exercise any rights of election and received
per share the kind and amount received per share by a plurality of non-electing
shares). In the event of conversion of this Security in part only, a new
Security or Securities for the unconverted portion hereof shall be issued in the
name of the Holder hereof upon the cancellation hereof.]

      [IF THE SECURITY IS CONVERTIBLE INTO OTHER SECURITIES OF THE COMPANY,
SPECIFY THE CONVERSION FEATURES.]

      The indebtedness evidenced by this Security is, to the extent and in the
manner provided in the Indenture, subordinate and subject in right of payment to
the prior payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness of the Company, and this
Security is issued subject to such provisions

                                       19
<PAGE>

of the Indenture with respect thereto. Each Holder of this Security, by
accepting the same, (a) agrees to and shall be bound by such provisions, (b)
authorizes and directs the Trustee on his behalf to take such action as may be
necessary or appropriate to effectuate the subordination so provided and (c)
appoints the Trustee his attorney-in-fact for any and all such purposes.

      [IF THE SECURITY IS NOT AN ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT SECURITY, INSERT -- If
an Event of Default with respect to Securities of this series shall occur and be
continuing, the principal of the Securities of this series may be declared due
and payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the Indenture.]

      [IF THE SECURITY IS AN ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT SECURITY, INSERT --If an
Event of Default with respect to Securities of this series shall occur and be
continuing, an amount of principal of the Securities of this series may be
declared due and payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the
Indenture. Such amount shall be equal to - - INSERT FORMULA FOR DETERMINING THE
AMOUNT. Upon payment (i) of the amount of principal so declared due and payable
and (ii) of interest on any overdue principal, premium and interest (in each
case to the extent that the payment of such interest shall be legally
enforceable), all of the Company's obligations in respect of the payment of the
principal of and premium and interest, if any, on the Securities of this series
shall terminate.]

      The Indenture permits, with certain exceptions as therein provided, the
amendment thereof and the modification of the rights and obligations of the
Company and the rights of the Holders of the Securities of each series to be
affected under the Indenture at any time by the Company and the Trustee with the
consent of the Holders of more than 50% in principal amount of the Securities at
the time Outstanding of each series to be affected. The Indenture also contains
provisions permitting the Holders of specified percentages in principal amount
of the Securities of each series at the time Outstanding, on behalf of the
Holders of all Securities of such series, to waive compliance by the Company
with certain provisions of the Indenture and certain past defaults under the
Indenture and their consequences. Any such consent or waiver by the Holder of
this Security shall be conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon all
future Holders of this Security and of any Security issued upon the registration
of transfer hereof or in exchange herefor or in lieu hereof, whether or not
notation of such consent or waiver is made upon this Security.

      As provided in and subject to the provisions of the Indenture, the Holder
of this Security shall not have the right to institute any proceeding with
respect to the Indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee or for
any other remedy thereunder, unless such Holder shall have previously given the
Trustee written notice of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the
Securities of this series, the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount
of the Securities of this series at the time Outstanding shall have made written
request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of
Default as Trustee and offered the Trustee reasonable indemnity, and the Trustee
shall not have received from the Holders of a majority in principal amount of
Securities of this series at the time Outstanding a direction inconsistent with
such request, and shall have failed to institute any such proceeding, for 60
days after receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity. The foregoing
shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Holder of this Security for the
enforcement of any payment of principal hereof or any premium or interest hereon
on or after the respective due dates expressed herein.

                                       20
<PAGE>

      No reference herein to the Indenture and no provision of this Security or
of the Indenture shall alter or impair the obligation of the Company, which is
absolute and unconditional, to pay the principal of and any premium and interest
on this Security at the times, place and rate, and in the coin or currency,
herein prescribed.

      As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein
set forth, the transfer of this Security is registrable in the Security
Register, upon surrender of this Security for registration of transfer at the
office or agency of the Company in any place where the principal of and any
premium and interest on this Security are payable, duly endorsed by, or
accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the
Company and the Security Registrar duly executed by, the Holder hereof or its
attorney duly authorized in writing, and thereupon one or more new Securities of
this series and of like tenor, of authorized denominations and for the same
aggregate principal amount, will be issued to the designated transferee or
transferees.

      The Securities of this series are issuable only in registered form without
coupons in denominations of $_____ and any integral multiple thereof. As
provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set forth,
Securities of this series are exchangeable for a like aggregate principal amount
of Securities of this series and of like tenor of a different authorized
denomination, as requested by the Holder surrendering the same.

      No service charge shall be made for any such registration of transfer or
exchange, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any
tax or other governmental charge payable in connection therewith.

      Prior to due presentment of this Security for registration of transfer,
the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat
the Person in whose name this Security is registered as the owner hereof for all
purposes, whether or not this Security be overdue, and neither the Company, the
Trustee nor any such agent shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

      All terms used in this Security which are defined in the Indenture shall
have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture.

SECTION 204.  FORM OF LEGEND FOR GLOBAL SECURITIES.

      Unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for the
Securities evidenced thereby, every Global Security authenticated and delivered
hereunder shall bear a legend in substantially the following form:

THIS SECURITY IS A GLOBAL SECURITY WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE INDENTURE
HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AND IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A DEPOSITARY OR A
NOMINEE THEREOF. THIS SECURITY MAY NOT BE EXCHANGED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FOR A
SECURITY REGISTERED, AND NO TRANSFER OF THIS SECURITY IN WHOLE OR IN PART MAY BE
REGISTERED, IN THE NAME OF ANY PERSON OTHER THAN SUCH DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE
THEREOF, EXCEPT IN THE LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED IN THE INDENTURE.

                                       21
<PAGE>

SECTION 205.  FORM OF TRUSTEE'S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION.

      The Trustee's certificates of authentication shall be in substantially the
following form:

      This is one of the Securities of the series designated herein referred to
in the within-mentioned Indenture.

                                      THE STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY,
                                           as Trustee

                                      By:______________________________________
                                      Authorized Officer

SECTION 206.  FORM OF CONVERSION NOTICE.

Conversion notices shall be in substantially the following form:

To DDi Corp.:

      The undersigned owner of this Security hereby irrevocably exercises the
option to convert this Security, or portion hereof (which is $1,000 or an
integral multiple thereof) below designated, into shares of Common Stock of the
Company in accordance with the terms of the Indenture referred to in this
Security, and directs that the shares issuable and deliverable upon the
conversion, together with any check in payment for fractional shares and any
Securities representing any unconverted principal amount hereof, be issued and
delivered to the registered holder hereof unless a different name has been
indicated below. If this Notice is being delivered on a date after the close of
business on a Regular Record Date and prior to the opening of business on the
related Interest Payment Date (unless this Security or the portion thereof being
converted has been called for redemption on a Redemption Date during the period
beginning at the close of business on a Regular Record Date and ending at the
opening of business on the first Business Day after the next succeeding Interest
Payment Date, or if such Interest Payment Date is not a Business Day, the second
such Business Day), this Notice is accompanied by payment, in funds acceptable
to the Company, of an amount equal to the interest payable on such Interest
Payment Date of the principal of this Security to be converted. If shares are to
be issued in the name of a person other than the undersigned, the undersigned
will pay all transfer taxes payable with respect hereto. Any amount required to
be paid by the undersigned on account of interest accompanies this Security.

      Principle Amount to be Converted (in integral multiple of $1,000, if less
than all):

          U.S. $_____________.

Dated: _____________________

                                          Signature(s) must be guaranteed
                                          by an eligible guarantor institution
                                          (banks, stock brokers, savings and
                                          loan associations and credit unions

                                       22
<PAGE>

                                          with membership in an approved
                                          signature guarantee medallion program)
                                          pursuant to Securities and Exchange
                                          Commission Rule 17Ad-15.

                                          ______________________________
                                          Signature Guaranty

      Fill in for registration of shares of Common Stock and Security if to be
issued otherwise than to the registered Holder.


__________________________________     _________________________________________
(Name)                                 Social Security or Other Taxpayer
                                       Identification Number

Please print Name and Address
(including zip code number)

[The above conversion notice is to be modified, as appropriate, for conversion
into other securities or property of the Company.]


                                  ARTICLE III

                                THE SECURITIES

SECTION 301.  AMOUNT UNLIMITED; ISSUABLE IN SERIES.

      The aggregate principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated
and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in
one or more series. There shall be established in or pursuant to a Board
Resolution and, subject to Section 303, set forth, or determined in the manner
provided, in an Officers' Certificate, or established in one or more indentures
supplemental hereto, prior to the issuance of Securities of any series,

          (1)   the title of the Securities of the series (which shall
      distinguish the Securities of the series from Securities of any other
      series);

          (2)   any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities
      of the series which may be authenticated and delivered under this
      Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon
      registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other
      Securities of the series pursuant to Section 304, 305, 306, 906 or 1107
      and except for any Securities which, pursuant to Section 303, are deemed
      never to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder);

                                       23
<PAGE>

          (3)   the Person to whom any interest on a Security of the series
      shall be payable, if other than the Person in whose name that Security (or
      one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business
      on the Regular Record Date for such interest;

          (4)   the date or dates on which the principal of any Securities of
      the series is payable;

          (5)   the rate or rates at which any Securities of the series shall
      bear interest, if any, the date or dates from which any such interest
      shall accrue, the Interest Payment Dates on which any such interest shall
      be payable and the Regular Record Date for any such interest payable on
      any Interest Payment Date;

          (6)   the place or places where the principal of and any premium and
      interest on any Securities of the series shall be payable;

          (7)   the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which
      and the terms and conditions upon which any Securities of the series may
      be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company and, if
      other than by a Board Resolution, the manner in which any election by the
      Company to redeem the Securities shall be evidenced;

          (8)   the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase any
      Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous
      provisions or at the option of the Holder thereof and the period or
      periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and
      conditions upon which any Securities of the series shall be redeemed or
      purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;

          (9)   if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple
      thereof, the denominations in which any Securities of the series shall be
      issuable;

          (10)  if the amount of principal of or any premium or interest on any
      Securities of the series may be determined with reference to an index or
      pursuant to a formula, the manner in which such amounts shall be
      determined;

          (11)  if other than the currency of the United States of America, the
      currency, currencies or currency units in which the principal of or any
      premium or interest on any Securities of the series shall be payable and
      the manner of determining the equivalent thereof in the currency of the
      United States of America for any purpose, including for purposes of the
      definition of "Outstanding" in Section 101;

          (12)  if the principal of or any premium or interest on any Securities
      of the series is to be payable, at the election of the Company or the
      Holder thereof, in one or more currencies or currency units other than
      that or those in which such Securities are stated to be payable, the
      currency, currencies or currency units in which the principal of or any
      premium or interest on such Securities as to which such election is made
      shall be payable, the periods within which and the terms and conditions
      upon which such

                                       24
<PAGE>

      election is to be made and the amount so payable (or the manner in which
      such amount shall be determined);

          (13)  if other than the entire principal amount thereof, the portion
      of the principal amount of any Securities of the series which shall be
      payable upon declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant
      to Section 502;

          (14)  if the principal amount payable at the Stated Maturity of any
      Securities of the series will not be determinable as of any one or more
      dates prior to the Stated Maturity, the amount which shall be deemed to be
      the principal amount of such Securities as of any such date for any
      purpose thereunder or hereunder, including the principal amount thereof
      which shall be due and payable upon any Maturity other than the Stated
      Maturity or which shall be deemed to be Outstanding as of any date prior
      to the Stated Maturity (or, in any such case, the manner in which such
      amount deemed to be the principal amount shall be determined);

          (15)  if applicable, that the Securities of the series, in whole or
      any specified part, shall be defeasible pursuant to Section 1302 or
      Section 1303 or both such Sections and, if other than by a Board
      Resolution, the manner in which any election by the Company to defease
      such Securities shall be evidenced;

          (16)  if applicable, the terms of any right to convert Securities of
      the series into shares of Common Stock of the Company or other securities
      or property;

          (17)  if applicable, that any Securities of the series shall be
      issuable in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities
      and, in such case, the respective Depositaries for such Global Securities,
      the form of any legend or legends which shall be borne by any such Global
      Security in addition to or in lieu of that set forth in Section 204 and
      any circumstances in addition to or in lieu of those set forth in Clause
      (2) of the last paragraph of Section 305 in which any such Global Security
      may be exchanged in whole or in part for Securities registered, and any
      transfer of such Global Security in whole or in part may be registered, in
      the name or names of Persons other than the Depositary for such Global
      Security or a nominee thereof;

          (18)  whether all of the provisions of this Indenture relating to the
      subordination of the Securities (including the provisions of Article 15),
      or different subordination provisions, including a different definition of
      "Senior Indebtedness" or "Designated Senior Indebtedness," will apply to
      Securities of the series;

          (19)  any addition to or change in the Events of Default which applies
      to any Securities of the series and any change in the right of the Trustee
      or the requisite Holders of such Securities to declare the principal
      amount thereof due and payable pursuant to Section 502;

          (20)  any addition to or change in the covenants set forth in Article
      10 which applies to Securities of the series; and

                                       25
<PAGE>

          (21)  any other terms of the series (which terms shall not be
      inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, except as permitted by
      Section 901(5)).

      All Securities of any one series shall be substantially identical except
as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to the
Board Resolution referred to above and (subject to Section 303) set forth, or
determined in the manner provided, in the Officers' Certificate referred to
above or in any such indenture supplemental hereto.

      If any of the terms of the series are established by action taken pursuant
to a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be
certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company and
delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officers'
Certificate setting forth the terms of the series.

      The Securities shall be subordinated in right of payment to Senior
Indebtedness as provided in Article 15.

SECTION 302.  DENOMINATIONS.

      The Securities of each series shall be issuable only in registered form
without coupons and only in such denominations as shall be specified as
contemplated by Section 301. In the absence of any such specified denomination
with respect to the Securities of any series, the Securities of such series
shall be issuable in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof.

SECTION 303.  EXECUTION, AUTHENTICATION, DELIVERY AND DATING.

      The Securities shall be executed on behalf of the Company by its Chairman
of the Board, its Vice Chairman of the Board, its principal financial officer,
its President or one of its Vice Presidents, under its corporate seal reproduced
thereon attested by its Treasurer, its Assistant Treasurer, its Secretary or one
of its Assistant Secretaries. The signature of any of these officers on the
Securities may be manual or facsimile.

      Securities bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of individuals who
were at any time the proper officers of the Company shall bind the Company,
notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to hold such
offices prior to the authentication and delivery of such Securities or did not
hold such offices at the date of such Securities.

      At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this
Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series executed by the
Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a Company Order for the
authentication and delivery of such Securities, and the Trustee in accordance
with the Company Order shall authenticate and deliver such Securities. If the
form or terms of the Securities of the series have been established by or
pursuant to one or more Board Resolutions as permitted by Sections 201 and 301,
in authenticating such Securities, and accepting the additional responsibilities
under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be
entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 601) shall be fully protected in
relying upon, a copy of such Board Resolution, the Officers' Certificate

                                       26
<PAGE>

setting forth the terms of the series and an Opinion of Counsel, with such
Opinion of Counsel stating,

          (1)   if the form of such Securities has been established by or
      pursuant to Board Resolution as permitted by Section 201, that such form
      has been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture;

          (2)   if the terms of such Securities have been established by or
      pursuant to Board Resolution as permitted by Section 301, that such terms
      have been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture;
      and

          (3)   that such Securities, when authenticated and delivered by the
      Trustee and issued by the Company in the manner and subject to any
      conditions specified in such Opinion of Counsel, will constitute valid and
      legally binding obligations of the Company enforceable in accordance with
      their terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer,
      reorganization, moratorium and similar laws of general applicability
      relating to or affecting creditors' rights and to general equity
      principles.

      If such form or terms have been so established, the Trustee shall not be
required to authenticate such Securities if the issue of such Securities
pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee's own rights, duties or
immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner
which is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.

      Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 301 and of the preceding
paragraph, if all Securities of a series are not to be originally issued at one
time, it shall not be necessary to deliver the Officers' Certificate otherwise
required pursuant to Section 301 or the Company Order and Opinion of Counsel
otherwise required pursuant to such preceding paragraph at or prior to the
authentication of each Security of such series if such documents are delivered
at or prior to the authentication upon original issuance of the first Security
of such series to be issued.

      Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.

      No Security shall be entitled to any benefit under this Indenture or be
valid or obligatory for any purpose unless there appears on such Security a
certificate of authentication substantially in the form provided for herein
executed by the Trustee by manual signature, and such certificate upon any
Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such Security
has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, if any Security shall have been authenticated and delivered hereunder
but never issued and sold by the Company, and the Company shall deliver such
Security to the Trustee for cancellation as provided in Section 309, for all
purposes of this Indenture such Security shall be deemed never to have been
authenticated and delivered hereunder and shall never be entitled to the
benefits of this Indenture.

      Neither the Company nor the Trustee shall have any responsibility for any
defect in the CUSIP number that appears on any Security, check, advice of
payment or redemption notice, and any such document may contain a statement to
the effect that CUSIP numbers have been assigned by an independent service for
convenience of reference and that neither the Company nor the Trustee shall be
liable for any inaccuracy in such numbers.

                                       27
<PAGE>

SECTION 304.  TEMPORARY SECURITIES.

      Pending the preparation of definitive Securities of any series, the
Company may execute, and upon Company Order the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver, temporary Securities which are printed, lithographed, typewritten,
mimeographed or otherwise produced, in any authorized denomination,
substantially of the tenor of the definitive Securities in lieu of which they
are issued and with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and
other variations as the officers executing such Securities may determine, as
evidenced by their execution of such Securities.

      If temporary Securities of any series are issued, the Company will cause
definitive Securities of that series to be prepared without unreasonable delay.
After the preparation of definitive Securities of such series, the temporary
Securities of such series shall be exchangeable for definitive Securities of
such series upon surrender of the temporary Securities of such series at the
office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment for that series, without
charge to the Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more
temporary Securities of any series, the Company shall execute and the Trustee
shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor one or more definitive
Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of like tenor
and aggregate principal amount. Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities of
any series shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this
Indenture as definitive Securities of such series and tenor.

SECTION 305.  REGISTRATION; REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE.

      The Company shall cause to be kept at the Corporate Trust Office of the
Trustee a register (the register maintained in such office and in any other
office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment being herein sometimes
collectively referred to as the "Security Register") in which, subject to such
reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall provide for the
registration of Securities and of transfers of Securities. The Trustee is hereby
appointed "Security Registrar," transfer agent and conversion agent for the
purpose of registering Securities and transfers of Securities as herein
provided.  The Company reserves the right to vary or terminate the appointment
of the Security Registrar, transfer agent or conversion agent, appoint
additional transfer agents or conversion agents or approve any change in the
office through which any security registrar or any transfer agent or conversion
agent acts.

      Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Security of a series at
the office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment for that series, the
Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the
name of the designated transferee or transferees, one or more new Securities of
the same series, of any authorized denominations and of like tenor and aggregate
principal amount.

      At the option of the Holder, Securities of any series may be exchanged for
other Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of like
tenor and aggregate principal amount, upon surrender of the Securities to be
exchanged at such office or agency. Whenever any Securities are so surrendered
for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver, the Securities which the Holder making the exchange is

                                       28
<PAGE>

entitled to receive. All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or
exchange of Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing
the same debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the
Securities surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.

      Every Security presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or
for exchange shall (if so required by the Company or the Trustee) be duly
endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form
satisfactory to the Company and the Security Registrar duly executed, by the
Holder thereof or its attorney duly authorized in writing.

      No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or
exchange of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient
to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection
with any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, other than
exchanges pursuant to Section 304, 906 or 1107 not involving any transfer.

      If the Securities of any series (or of any series and specified tenor) are
to be redeemed in part, the Company shall not be required (A) to issue, register
the transfer of or exchange any Securities of that series (or of that series and
specified tenor, as the case may be) during a period beginning at the opening of
business 15 days before the day of the mailing of a notice of redemption of any
such Securities selected for redemption under Section 1103 and ending at the
close of business on the day of such mailing, or (B) to register the transfer of
or exchange any Security so selected for redemption in whole or in part, except
the unredeemed portion of any Security being redeemed in part.

      The provisions of Clauses (1), (2), (3) and (4) below shall apply only to
Global Securities:

          (1)   Each Global Security authenticated under this Indenture shall be
      registered in the name of the Depositary designated for such Global
      Security or a nominee thereof and delivered to such Depositary or a
      nominee thereof or custodian therefor, and each such Global Security shall
      constitute a single Security for all purposes of this Indenture.

          (2)   Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, no Global
      Security may be exchanged in whole or in part for Securities registered,
      and no transfer of a Global Security in whole or in part may be
      registered, in the name of any Person other than the Depositary for such
      Global Security or a nominee thereof unless (A) such Depositary (i) has
      notified the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as
      Depositary for such Global Security or (ii) has ceased to be a clearing
      agency registered under the Exchange Act, (B) there shall have occurred
      and be continuing an Event of Default with respect to such Global Security
      or (C) there shall exist such circumstances, if any, in addition to or in
      lieu of the foregoing as have been specified for this purpose as
      contemplated by Section 301.

          (3)   Subject to Clause (2) above, any exchange of a Global Security
      for other Securities may be made in whole or in part, and all Securities
      issued in exchange for a

                                       29
<PAGE>

      Global Security or any portion thereof shall be registered in such names
      as the Depositary for such Global Security shall direct.

          (4)   Every Security authenticated and delivered upon registration of
      transfer of, or in exchange for or in lieu of, a Global Security or any
      portion thereof, whether pursuant to this Section, Section 304, 306, 906
      or 1107 or otherwise, shall be authenticated and delivered in the form of,
      and shall be, a Global Security, unless such Security is registered in the
      name of a Person other than the Depositary for such Global Security or a
      nominee thereof.

SECTION 306.  MUTILATED, DESTROYED, LOST AND STOLEN SECURITIES.

      If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee, the Company shall
execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a
new Security of the same series and of like tenor and principal amount and
bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.

      If there shall be delivered to the Company and the Trustee (i) evidence to
their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security and (ii)
such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them and
any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the
Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a bona fide
purchaser, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security, a new Security
of the same series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number
not contemporaneously outstanding.

      In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has become
or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may,
instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.

      Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the Company may
require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental
charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including
the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.

      Every new Security of any series issued pursuant to this Section in lieu
of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute an original
additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed,
lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be
entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with
any and all other Securities of that series duly issued hereunder.

      The provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall preclude (to the
extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or
payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.

                                       30
<PAGE>

SECTION 307.  PAYMENT OF INTEREST; INTEREST RIGHTS PRESERVED.

      Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 301 with respect
to any series of Securities, interest on any Security which is payable, and is
punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date shall be paid
to the Person in whose name that Security (or one or more Predecessor
Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date
for such interest.

      Any interest on any Security of any series which is payable, but is not
punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date (herein
called "Defaulted Interest") shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder
on the relevant Regular Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder, and
such Defaulted Interest may be paid by the Company, at its election in each
case, as provided in Clause (1) or (2) below:

          (1)   The Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted Interest
      to the Persons in whose names the Securities of such series (or their
      respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business
      on a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which
      shall be fixed in the following manner. The Company shall notify the
      Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid
      on each Security of such series and the date of the proposed payment, and
      at the same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of
      money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such
      Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee
      for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money
      when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled
      to such Defaulted Interest as in this Clause provided. Thereupon the
      Trustee shall fix a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted
      Interest which shall be not more than 15 days and not less than 10 days
      prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after
      the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The
      Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such Special Record Date and,
      in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the
      proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date
      therefor to be given to each Holder of Securities of such series in the
      manner set forth in Section 106, not less than 10 days prior to such
      Special Record Date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted
      Interest and the Special Record Date therefor having been so mailed, such
      Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names the
      Securities of such series (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are
      registered at the close of business on such Special Record Date and shall
      no longer be payable pursuant to the following Clause (2).

          (2)   The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on the
      Securities of any series in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with
      the requirements of any securities exchange on which such Securities may
      be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if,
      after notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment
      pursuant to this Clause, such manner of payment shall be deemed
      practicable by the Trustee.

      Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section, each Security
delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or in exchange
for or in lieu of any other Security shall

                                       31
<PAGE>

carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were
carried by such other Security.

      Subject to the provisions of Section 1402, in the case of any Security (or
any part thereof) which is converted after any Regular Record Date and on or
prior to the next succeeding Interest Payment Date (other than any Security the
principal of (or premium, if any, on) which shall become due and payable,
whether at Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration or otherwise prior
to such Interest Payment Date), interest whose Stated Maturity is on such
Interest Payment Date shall be payable on such Interest Payment Date
notwithstanding such conversion and such interest (whether or not punctually
paid or duly provided for) shall be paid to the Person in whose name that
Security (or any one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close
of business on such Regular Record Date. Except as otherwise expressly provided
in the immediately preceding sentence or in Section 1402, in the case of any
Security (or any part thereof) which is converted, interest whose Stated
Maturity is after the date of conversion of such Security (or such part thereof)
shall not be payable.

SECTION 308.  PERSONS DEEMED OWNERS.

      Prior to due presentment of a Security for registration of transfer, the
Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the
Person in whose name such Security is registered as the owner of such Security
for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of and any premium and
(subject to Section 307) any interest on such Security and for all other
purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Security be overdue, and neither the
Company, the Trustee nor any agent of the Company or the Trustee shall be
affected by notice to the contrary.

SECTION 309.  CANCELLATION.

      All Securities surrendered for payment, redemption, registration of
transfer or exchange or for credit against any sinking fund payment shall, if
surrendered to any Person other than the Trustee, be delivered to the Trustee
and shall be promptly canceled by it. The Company may at any time deliver to the
Trustee for cancellation any Securities previously authenticated and delivered
hereunder which the Company may have acquired in any manner whatsoever, and may
deliver to the Trustee (or to any other Person for delivery to the Trustee) for
cancellation any Securities previously authenticated hereunder which the Company
has not issued and sold, and all Securities so delivered shall be promptly
canceled by the Trustee. No Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in
exchange for any Securities canceled as provided in this Section, except as
expressly permitted by this Indenture. All canceled Securities held by the
Trustee shall be disposed of as directed by a Company Order.

SECTION 310.  COMPUTATION OF INTEREST.

      Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for
Securities of any series, interest on the Securities of each series shall be
computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months.

                                       32
<PAGE>

                                  ARTICLE IV

                          SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE

SECTION 401.  SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE.

      This Indenture shall upon Company Request cease to be of further effect
(except as to any surviving rights of registration of transfer or exchange of
Securities herein expressly provided for), and the Trustee, at the expense of
the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and
discharge of this Indenture, when

          (1)   either:

                (A)   all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered
          (other than (i) Securities which have been destroyed, lost or stolen
          and which have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 306 and
          (ii) Securities for whose payment money has theretofore been
          deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Trustee or
          the Company and thereafter repaid to the Company or discharged from
          such trust, as provided in Section 1003) have been delivered to the
          Trustee for cancellation; or

                (B)   all such Securities not theretofore delivered to the
          Trustee for cancellation

                      (i)   have become due and payable, or

                      (ii)  will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity
                within one year, or

                      (iii) are to be called for redemption within one year
                under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving
                of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at
                the expense, of the Company, and the Company, in the case of
                (i) or (ii) above, has deposited or caused to be deposited
                with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for the purpose
                money in an amount sufficient to pay and discharge the entire
                indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore delivered to
                the Trustee for cancellation, for principal and any premium
                and interest to the date of such deposit (in the case of
                Securities which have become due and payable) or to the
                Stated Maturity or Redemption Date, as the case may be;

          (2)   the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable
      hereunder by the Company; and

          (3)   the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers'
      Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
      precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge
      of this Indenture have been complied with.

      Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the
obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 607, the obligations of
the Trustee to any Authenticating

                                       33
<PAGE>

Agent under Section 614 and, if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee
pursuant to subclause (B) of Clause (1) of this Section, the obligations of the
Trustee under Section 402 and the last paragraph of Section 1003 shall survive.

SECTION 402.  APPLICATION OF TRUST MONEY.

      Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 1003, all money
deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 401 shall be held in trust and
applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and this
Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent
(including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may
determine, to the Persons entitled thereto, of the principal and any premium and
interest for whose payment such money has been deposited with the Trustee.

                                   ARTICLE V

                                   REMEDIES

SECTION 501.  EVENTS OF DEFAULT.

      "Event of Default," wherever used herein with respect to Securities of any
series, means any one of the following events (whatever the reason for such
Event of Default and whether it shall be occasioned by the provisions of Article
15 or be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of law or pursuant
to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation
of any administrative or governmental body):

          (1)   default in the payment of the principal of or any premium on any
      Security of that series at its Maturity, whether or not prohibited by the
      subordination provisions of the Indenture; or

          (2)   default in the payment of any interest upon any Security of that
      series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default
      for a period of 30 days, whether or not prohibited by the subordination
      provisions of the Indenture; or

          (3)   default in the performance, or breach, of any covenant or
      warranty of the Company in this Indenture (other than a covenant or
      warranty a default in whose performance or whose breach is elsewhere in
      this Section specifically dealt with or which has expressly been included
      in this Indenture solely for the benefit of series of Securities other
      than that series), and continuance of such default or breach for a period
      of 60 days after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to
      the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the
      Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding
      Securities of that series a written notice specifying such default or
      breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a
      "Notice of Default" hereunder; or

          (4)   default in the deposit of any sinking fund payment, when and as
      due by the terms of a Security of that series; or

                                       34
<PAGE>

          (5)   the entry by a court having jurisdiction in the premises of (A)
      a decree or order for relief in respect of the Company in an involuntary
      case or proceeding under any applicable Federal or State bankruptcy,
      insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or (B) a decree or order
      adjudging the Company a bankrupt or insolvent, or approving as properly
      filed a petition seeking reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or
      composition of or in respect of the Company under any applicable Federal
      or State law, or appointing a custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee,
      trustee, sequestration or other similar official of the Company or of any
      substantial part of its property, or ordering the winding up or
      liquidation of its affairs, and the continuance of any such decree or
      order for relief or any such other decree or order unstayed and in effect
      for a period of 90 consecutive days; or

          (6)   the commencement by the Company of a voluntary case or
      proceeding under any applicable Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency,
      reorganization or other similar law or of any other case or proceeding to
      be adjudicated a bankrupt or insolvent, or the consent by it to the entry
      of a decree or order for relief in respect of the Company in an
      involuntary case or proceeding under any applicable Federal or State
      bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or to the
      commencement of any bankruptcy or insolvency case or proceeding against
      it, or the filing by it of a petition or answer or consent seeking
      reorganization or relief under any applicable Federal or State law, or the
      consent by it to the filing of such petition or to the appointment of or
      taking possession by a custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee,
      sequestration or other similar official of the Company or of any
      substantial part of its property, or the making by it of an assignment for
      the benefit of creditors, or the admission by it in writing of its
      inability to pay its debts generally as they become due, or the taking of
      corporate action by the Company in furtherance of any such action; or

          (7)   any other Event of Default provided with respect to Securities
      of that series.

SECTION 502.  ACCELERATION OF MATURITY; RESCISSION AND ANNULMENT.

      If an Event of Default (other than an Event of Default specified in
Section 501(5) or 501(6)) with respect to Securities of any series at the time
Outstanding occurs and is continuing, then in every such case the Trustee or the
Holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of that series may declare the principal amount of all the Securities
of that series (or, if any Securities of that series are Original Issue Discount
Securities, such portion of the principal amount of such Securities as may be
specified by the terms thereof) to be due and payable immediately, by a notice
in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by Holders), and upon any
such declaration such principal amount (or specified amount) shall become
immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default specified in Section 501(5)
or 501(6) with respect to Securities of any series at the time Outstanding
occurs, the principal amount of all the Securities of that series (or, if any
Securities of that series are Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion
of the principal amount of such Securities as may be specified by the terms
thereof) shall automatically, and without any declaration or other action on the
part of the Trustee or any Holder, become immediately due and payable. Any
payments by the

                                       35
<PAGE>

Company on the Securities following any such acceleration will be subject to the
subordination provisions of Article 15 to the extent provided therein.

      At any time after such a declaration of acceleration with respect to
Securities of any series has been made and before a judgment or decree for
payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this
Article provided, the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of that series, by written notice to the Company and the
Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if

          (1)   the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum
      sufficient to pay

                (A)   all overdue interest on all Securities of that series,

                (B)   the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any Securities
            of that series which have become due otherwise than by such
            declaration of acceleration and any interest thereon at the rate or
            rates prescribed therefor in such Securities,

                (C)   to the extent that payment of such interest is lawful,
            interest upon overdue interest at the rate or rates prescribed
            therefor in such Securities, and

                (D)   all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee hereunder and the
            reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the
            Trustee, its agents and counsel; and

          (2)   all Events of Default with respect to Securities of that series,
      other than the non-payment of the principal of Securities of that series
      which have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have
      been cured or waived as provided in Section 513. No such rescission shall
      affect any subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon.

SECTION 503.  COLLECTION OF INDEBTEDNESS AND SUITS FOR ENFORCEMENT BY TRUSTEE.

The Company covenants that if:

          (1)   default is made in the payment of any interest on any Security
      when such interest becomes due and payable and such default continues for
      a period of 30 days, or

          (2)   default is made in the payment of the principal of (or premium,
      if any, on) any Security at the Maturity thereof, the Company will, upon
      demand of the Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of the Holders of such
      Securities, the whole amount then due and payable on such Securities for
      principal and any premium and interest and, to the extent that payment of
      such interest shall be legally enforceable, interest on any overdue
      principal and premium and on any overdue interest, at the rate or rates
      prescribed therefor in such Securities, and, in addition thereto, such
      further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of
      collection, including the reasonable

                                       36
<PAGE>

      compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its
      agents and counsel.

      If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series occurs and
is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce
its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series by such
appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to
protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any
covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power
granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.

SECTION 504.  TRUSTEE MAY FILE PROOFS OF CLAIM.

      In case of any judicial proceeding relative to the Company (or any other
obligor upon the Securities), its property or its creditors, the Trustee shall
be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise, to
take any and all actions authorized under the Trust Indenture Act in order to
have claims of the Holders and the Trustee allowed in any such proceeding. In
particular, the Trustee shall be authorized to collect and receive any moneys or
other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the
same; and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestration
or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized
by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the
Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to
pay to the Trustee any amount due it for the reasonable compensation, expenses,
disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other
amounts due the Trustee under Section 607. No provision of this Indenture shall
be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt
on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or
composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof or to
authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such
proceeding; provided, however, that the Trustee may, on behalf of the Holders,
vote for the election of a trustee in bankruptcy or similar official and be a
member of a creditors' or other similar committee.

SECTION 505.  TRUSTEE MAY ENFORCE CLAIMS WITHOUT POSSESSION OF SECURITIES.

      All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Securities may
be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the
Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any
such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as
trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision
for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and
advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of
the Holders of the Securities in respect of which such judgment has been
recovered.

SECTION 506.  APPLICATION OF MONEY COLLECTED.

      Any money collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be
applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and,
in case of the distribution of such money on account of principal or any premium
or interest, upon presentation of the Securities

                                       37
<PAGE>

and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon
surrender thereof if fully paid:

      FIRST: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee under Section 607;
and

      SECOND: Subject to Article 15, to the payment of the amounts then due and
unpaid for principal of and any premium, if any, and interest on the Securities
in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected,
ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts
due and payable on such Securities for principal and any premium, if any, and
interest, respectively.

SECTION 507.  LIMITATION ON SUITS.

      No Holder of any Security of any series shall have any right to institute
any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for
the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder,
unless

          (1)   such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee
      of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of that
      series;

          (2)   the Holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount
      of the Outstanding Securities of that series shall have made written
      request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event
      of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder;

          (3)   such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee reasonable
      indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in
      compliance with such request;

          (4)   the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice,
      request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such
      proceeding; and

          (5)   no direction inconsistent with such written request has been
      given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a
      majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series;
      it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall
      have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any
      provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of
      any other of such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or
      preference over any other of such Holders or to enforce any right under
      this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal and
      ratable benefit of all of such Holders.

 SECTION 508. UNCONDITIONAL RIGHT OF HOLDERS TO RECEIVE PRINCIPAL, PREMIUM AND
              INTEREST AND TO CONVERT.

      Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any
Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive
payment of the principal of and any premium and (subject to Section 307)
interest on such Security on the respective Stated Maturities expressed in such
Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the Redemption Date), to

                                       38
<PAGE>

convert such Securities in accordance with Article 14 and to institute suit for
the enforcement of any such payment, and such rights shall not be impaired
without the consent of such Holder.

SECTION 509.  RESTORATION OF RIGHTS AND REMEDIES.

      If the Trustee or any Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce any
right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued
or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or
to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in
such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored
severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder and thereafter
all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though
no such proceeding had been instituted.

SECTION 510.  RIGHTS AND REMEDIES CUMULATIVE.

      Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment of
mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in the last paragraph of Section
306, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to
the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every
right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in
addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter
existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any
right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent
assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.

SECTION 511.  DELAY OR OMISSION NOT WAIVER.

      No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Securities to
exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any
such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an
acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law to
the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as often
as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee (subject to the limitations contained
in this Indenture) or by the Holders, as the case may be.

SECTION 512.  CONTROL BY HOLDERS.

      The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of any series shall have the right to direct the time, method and
place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or
exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect to the
Securities of such series, provided that

          (1)   such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or
      with this Indenture and the Trustee shall not have determined that the
      action so directed would be unjustly prejudicial to Holders of Securities
      of that series, or any other series, not taking part in such direction;
      and

          (2)   the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the
      Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction or this Indenture.

                                       39
<PAGE>

SECTION 513.  WAIVER OF PAST DEFAULTS.

      The Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of any series may on behalf of the Holders of all the
Securities of such series waive any past default hereunder with respect to such
series and its consequences, except a default

          (1)   in the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on
      any Security of such series, or

          (2)   in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which under Article
      9 cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the Holder of each
      Outstanding Security of such series affected.

      Upon any such waiver, such default shall cease to exist, and any Event of
Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose
of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other
default or impair any right consequent thereon.

      Any Securities held by us or by any person directly or indirectly
controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with us
shall be disregarded (from both the numerator and denominator) for purposes of
determining whether the holders of a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities have consented to a modification, amendment, or waiver of
the terms of the Indenture.

SECTION 514.  UNDERTAKING FOR COSTS.

      In any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this
Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or
omitted by it as Trustee, a court may require any party litigant in such suit to
file an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and may assess costs against
any such party litigant, in the manner and to the extent provided in the Trust
Indenture Act; provided that neither this Section nor the Trust Indenture Act
shall be deemed to authorize any court to require such an undertaking or to make
such an assessment in any suit instituted by the Company or in any suit for the
enforcement of the right to convert any Security in accordance with Article 14.

SECTION 515.  WAIVER OF USURY, STAY OR EXTENSION LAWS.

      The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it
will not at any time insist upon, or plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or
take the benefit or advantage of, any usury, stay or extension law wherever
enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants
or the performance of this Indenture; and the Company (to the extent that it may
lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law
and covenants that it will not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any
power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of
every such power as though no such law had been enacted.

                                       40
<PAGE>

                                  ARTICLE VI

                                  THE TRUSTEE

SECTION 601.  CERTAIN DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES.

      The duties and responsibilities of the Trustee shall be as provided by the
Trust Indenture Act. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no provision of this
Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise
incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder,
or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers if it shall have reasonable
grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against
such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it. Whether or not therein
expressly so provided, every provision of this Indenture relating to the conduct
or affecting the liability of or affording protection to the Trustee shall be
subject to the provisions of this Section.

SECTION 602.  NOTICE OF DEFAULTS.

      If a default occurs hereunder with respect to Securities of any series,
the Trustee shall give the Holders of Securities of such series notice of such
default as and to the extent provided by the Trust Indenture Act; provided,
however, that in the case of any default of the character specified in Section
501(3) with respect to Securities of such series, no such notice to Holders
shall be given until at least 30 days after the occurrence thereof. For the
purpose of this Section, the term "default" means any event which is, or after
notice or lapse of time or both would become, an Event of Default with respect
to Securities of such series.

SECTION 603.  CERTAIN RIGHTS OF TRUSTEE.

Subject to the provisions of Section 601:

          (1)   the Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting or
      refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement,
      instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order,
      bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or
      document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented
      by the proper party or parties;

          (2)   any request or direction of the Company mentioned herein shall
      be sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or Company Order, and any
      resolution of the Board of Directors shall be sufficiently evidenced by a
      Board Resolution;

          (3)   whenever in the administration of this Indenture the Trustee
      shall deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to
      taking, suffering or omitting any action hereunder, the Trustee (unless
      other evidence be herein specifically prescribed) is entitled to and may,
      in the absence of bad faith on its part, rely upon an Officers'
      Certificate;

          (4)   the Trustee may consult with counsel and the written advice of
      such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete
      authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or
      omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon;

                                       41
<PAGE>

          (5)   the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the
      rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or
      direction of any of the Holders pursuant to this Indenture, unless such
      Holders shall have offered to the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity
      against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it
      in compliance with such request or direction;

          (6)   the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into
      the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement,
      instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order,
      bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or
      document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further
      inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit,
      and, if the Trustee shall determine to make such further inquiry or
      investigation, it shall be entitled to examine the books, records and
      premises of the Company, personally or by agent or attorney; and

          (7)   the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or
      perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or
      attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or
      negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with due care by
      it hereunder.

SECTION 604.  NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR RECITALS OR ISSUANCE OF SECURITIES.

      The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except the Trustee's
certificates of authentication, shall be taken as the statements of the Company,
and neither the Trustee nor any Authenticating Agent assumes any responsibility
for their correctness. The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity,
sufficiency or priority of this Indenture or of the Securities. Neither the
Trustee nor any Authenticating Agent shall be accountable for the use or
application by the Company of Securities or the proceeds thereof.

SECTION 605.  MAY HOLD SECURITIES AND ACT AS TRUSTEE UNDER OTHER INDENTURES.

      The Trustee, any Authenticating Agent, any Paying Agent, any Security
Registrar or any other agent of the Company, in its individual or any other
capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and, subject to Sections
608 and 613, may otherwise deal with the Company with the same rights it would
have if it were not Trustee, Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent, Security
Registrar or such other agent.

      Subject to the limitations imposed by the Trust Indenture Act, nothing in
this Indenture shall prohibit the Trustee from becoming and acting as trustee
under other indentures under which other securities, or certificates of interest
of participation in other securities, of the Company are outstanding in the same
manner as if it were not Trustee hereunder.

                                       42
<PAGE>

SECTION 606.  MONEY HELD IN TRUST.

      Money held by the Trustee in trust hereunder need not be segregated from
other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be under no
liability for interest on any money received by it hereunder except as otherwise
agreed with the Company.

SECTION 607.  COMPENSATION AND REIMBURSEMENT.

The Company agrees:

          (1)   to pay to the Trustee from time to time reasonable compensation
      for all services rendered by it hereunder (which compensation shall not be
      limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee
      of an express trust);

          (2)   except as otherwise expressly provided herein, to reimburse the
      Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and
      advances incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with any provision
      of this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation and the expenses
      and disbursements of its agents and counsel), except any such expense,
      disbursement or advance as may be attributable to its negligence or bad
      faith and

          (3)   to indemnify the Trustee for, and to hold it harmless against,
      any loss, liability or expense incurred without negligence or bad faith on
      its part, arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or
      administration of the trust or trusts hereunder, including the costs and
      expenses of defending itself against any claim or liability in connection
      with the exercise or performance of any of its powers or duties hereunder.

SECTION 608.  CONFLICTING INTERESTS.

      If the Trustee has or shall acquire a conflicting interest within the
meaning of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee shall either eliminate such
interest or resign, to the extent and in the manner provided by, and subject to
the provisions of, the Trust Indenture Act and this Indenture. To the extent
permitted by such Act, the Trustee shall not be deemed to have a conflicting
interest by virtue of being a trustee under this Indenture with respect to
Securities of more than one series.

SECTION 609.  CORPORATE TRUSTEE REQUIRED; ELIGIBILITY.

      There shall at all times be one (and only one) Trustee hereunder with
respect to the Securities of each series, which may be Trustee hereunder for
Securities of one or more other series. Each Trustee shall be a Person that is
eligible pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act to act as such and has (or if the
Trustee is a member of a bank holding company system, its bank holding company
shall have) a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000. If any such
Person or bank holding company publishes reports of condition at least annually,
pursuant to law or to the requirements of its supervising or examining
authority, then for the purposes of this Section and to the extent permitted by
the Trust Indenture Act, the combined capital and surplus of such Person or bank
holding company shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set
forth in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time the
Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall cease to be eligible
in accordance with the provisions of this

                                       43
<PAGE>

Section, it shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect
hereinafter specified in this Article.

SECTION 610.  RESIGNATION AND REMOVAL; APPOINTMENT OF SUCCESSOR.

      No resignation or removal of the Trustee and no appointment of a successor
Trustee pursuant to this Article shall become effective until the acceptance of
appointment by the successor Trustee in accordance with the applicable
requirements of Section 611. The Trustee may resign at any time with respect to
the Securities of one or more series by giving written notice thereof to the
Company. If the instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee required by
Section 611 shall not have been delivered to the Trustee within 30 days after
the giving of such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any
court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with
respect to the Securities of such series.

      The Trustee may be removed at any time with respect to the Securities of
any series by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of such series, delivered to the Trustee and to the
Company.

If at any time:

          (1)   the Trustee shall fail to comply with Section 608 after written
      request therefor by the Company or by any Holder who has been a bona fide
      Holder of a Security for at least six months, or

          (2)   the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section 609 and
      shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the Company or by
      any such Holder, or

          (3)   the Trustee shall become incapable of acting or shall be
      adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent or a receiver of the Trustee or of its
      property shall be appointed or any public officer shall take charge or
      control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of
      rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation, then, in any such case, (A)
      the Company by a Board Resolution may remove the Trustee with respect to
      all Securities, or (B) subject to Section 514, any Holder who has been a
      bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months may, on behalf of
      himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent
      jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee with respect to all Securities
      and the appointment of a successor Trustee or Trustees.

      If the Trustee shall resign, be removed or become incapable of acting, or
if a vacancy shall occur in the office of Trustee for any cause, with respect to
the Securities of one or more series, the Company, by a Board Resolution, shall
promptly appoint a successor Trustee or Trustees with respect to the Securities
of that or those series (it being understood that any such successor Trustee may
be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more or all of such series
and that at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the
Securities of any particular series) and shall comply with the applicable
requirements of Section 611. If, within one year after such resignation, removal
or incapability, or the occurrence of such vacancy, a successor Trustee with
respect to the Securities of any series shall be appointed by Act of the Holders
of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series
delivered

                                       44
<PAGE>

to the Company and the retiring Trustee, the successor Trustee so appointed
shall, forthwith upon its acceptance of such appointment in accordance with the
applicable requirements of Section 611, become the successor Trustee with
respect to the Securities of such series and to that extent supersede the
successor Trustee appointed by the Company. If no successor Trustee with respect
to the Securities of any series shall have been so appointed by the Company or
the Holders and accepted appointment in the manner required by Section 611, the
retiring Trustee may petition, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a
Security of such series for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and
all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for
the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such
series.

      The Company shall give notice of each resignation and each removal of the
Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series and each appointment of a
successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series to all Holders of
Securities of such series in the manner provided in Section 106. Each notice
shall include the name of the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities
of such series and the address of its Corporate Trust Office.

SECTION 611.  ACCEPTANCE OF APPOINTMENT BY SUCCESSOR.

      In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect
to all Securities, every such successor Trustee so appointed shall execute,
acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument
accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the
retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor Trustee, without any
further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights,
powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the
Company or the successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of
its charges, execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor
Trustee all the rights, powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee and shall duly
assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money
held by such retiring Trustee hereunder.

      In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect
to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the retiring
Trustee and each successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more
series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto wherein each
successor Trustee shall accept such appointment and which (1) shall contain such
provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to
vest in, each successor Trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the
retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which
the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, (2) if the retiring Trustee
is not retiring with respect to all Securities, shall contain such provisions as
shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers,
trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that
or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue
to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and (3) shall add to or change any of the
provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate
the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being
understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall
constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust and that each such
Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from
any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee; and upon
the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture the

                                       45
<PAGE>

resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the
extent provided therein and each such successor Trustee, without any further
act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts
and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or
those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates; but, on
request of the Company or any successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall
duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and
money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of
that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates.

      Upon request of any such successor Trustee, the Company shall execute any
and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to
such successor Trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred to in the
first or second preceding paragraph, as the case may be.

      No successor Trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time of
such acceptance such successor Trustee shall be qualified and eligible under
this Article.

SECTION 612.  MERGER, CONVERSION, CONSOLIDATION OR SUCCESSION TO BUSINESS.

      Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with
which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger,
conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any
corporation succeeding to all or substantially all the corporate trust business
of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided such
corporation shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under this Article,
without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of
any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated,
but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger,
conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such
authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect
as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.

SECTION 613.  PREFERENTIAL COLLECTION OF CLAIMS AGAINST COMPANY.

      If and when the Trustee shall be or become a creditor of the Company (or
any other obligor upon the Securities), the Trustee shall be subject to the
provisions of the Trust Indenture Act regarding the collection of claims against
the Company (or any such other obligor).

SECTION 614.  APPOINTMENT OF AUTHENTICATING AGENT.

      The Trustee may appoint an Authenticating Agent or Agents with respect to
one or more series of Securities which shall be authorized to act on behalf of
the Trustee to authenticate Securities of such series issued upon original issue
and upon exchange, registration of transfer or partial redemption thereof or
pursuant to Section 306, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to
the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all
purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. Wherever reference is
made in this Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Securities by the
Trustee or the Trustee's certificate of authentication, such reference shall be
deemed to include authentication and delivery on behalf of the Trustee by an
Authenticating Agent and a certificate of authentication executed on behalf of

                                       46
<PAGE>

the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent. Each Authenticating Agent shall be
acceptable to the Company and shall at all times be a corporation organized and
doing business under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof
or the District of Columbia, authorized under such laws to act as Authenticating
Agent, having (or if the Authenticating Agent is a member of a bank holding
company system, its bank holding company has) a combined capital and surplus of
not less than $50,000,000 and subject to supervision or examination by Federal
or State authority. If such Authenticating Agent publishes reports of condition
at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of said supervising or
examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital
and surplus of such Authenticating Agent shall be deemed to be its combined
capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so
published. If at any time an Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in
accordance with the provisions of this Section, such Authenticating Agent shall
resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in this Section.

      Any corporation into which an Authenticating Agent may be merged or
converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting
from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent
shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the corporate agency or
corporate trust business of an Authenticating Agent, shall continue to be an
Authenticating Agent, provided such corporation shall be otherwise eligible
under this Section, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further
act on the part of the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent.

      An Authenticating Agent may resign at any time by giving written notice
thereof to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time terminate
the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice thereof to such
Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon receiving such a notice of
resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time such
Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section, the Trustee may appoint a successor Authenticating
Agent which shall be acceptable to the Company and shall give notice of such
appointment in the manner provided in Section 106 to all Holders of Securities
of the series with respect to which such Authenticating Agent will serve. Any
successor Authenticating Agent upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder
shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor
hereunder, with like effect as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent.
No successor Authenticating Agent shall be appointed unless eligible under the
provisions of this Section.

      The Trustee agrees to pay to each Authenticating Agent from time to time
reasonable compensation for its services under this Section, and the Trustee
shall be entitled to be reimbursed for such payments, subject to the provisions
of Section 607.

      If an appointment with respect to one or more series is made pursuant to
this Section 612, the Securities of such series may have endorsed thereon, in
addition to the Trustee's certificate of authentication, an alternative
certificate of authentication in the following form:

                                       47
<PAGE>

      This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred to
in the within-mentioned Indenture.

                                     THE STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY


                                     By:______________________________________
                                                As Authenticating Agent

                                     By:______________________________________
                                                   Authorized Officer


                                  ARTICLE VII

               HOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY

SECTION 701.  COMPANY TO FURNISH TRUSTEE NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF HOLDERS.

      The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee

          (1)   semi-annually, not later than 15 days after the Regular Record
      Date, a list, in such form as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the
      names and addresses of the Holders of Securities of each series as of such
      Regular Record Date, as the case may be, and

          (2)   at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing,
      within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a
      list of similar form and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior
      to the time such list is furnished; provided that no such list need be
      furnished by the Company to the Trustee so long as the Trustee is acting
      as Security Registrar.

SECTION 702.  PRESERVATION OF INFORMATION; COMMUNICATIONS TO HOLDERS.

      The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably
practicable, the names and addresses of Holders contained in the most recent
list furnished to the Trustee as provided in Section 701, if any, and the names
and addresses of Holders received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security
Registrar. The Trustee may destroy any list furnished to it as provided in
Section 701 upon receipt of a new list so furnished.

      The rights of Holders to communicate with other Holders with respect to
their rights under this Indenture or under the Securities, and the corresponding
rights and privileges of the Trustee, shall be as provided by the Trust
Indenture Act. Every Holder of Securities, by receiving and holding the same,
agrees with the Company and the Trustee that neither the Company nor the Trustee
nor any agent of either of them shall be held accountable by reason of any
disclosure of information as to names and addresses of Holders made pursuant to
the Trust Indenture Act.

                                       48
<PAGE>

SECTION 703.  REPORTS BY TRUSTEE.

      The Trustee shall transmit to Holders such reports concerning the Trustee
and its actions under this Indenture as may be required pursuant to the Trust
Indenture Act at the times and in the manner provided pursuant thereto.

      Reports so required to be transmitted at stated intervals of not more than
12 months shall be transmitted no later than July 1 in each calendar year,
commencing with the first July 1 after the first issuance of Securities pursuant
to this Indenture.

      A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission to
Holders, be filed by the Trustee with each stock exchange upon which any
Securities are listed, with the Commission and with the Company. The Company
will notify the Trustee when any Securities are listed on any stock exchange.

SECTION 704.  REPORTS BY COMPANY.

      The Company shall file with the Trustee and the Commission, and transmit
to Holders, such information, documents and other reports, and such summaries
thereof, as may be required pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act at the times and
in the manner provided pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act; provided that any
such information, documents or reports required to be filed with the Commission
pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act shall be filed with the
Trustee within 15 days after the same is so required to be filed with the
Commission.


                                  ARTICLE VIII

             CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE

SECTION 801.  COMPANY MAY CONSOLIDATE, ETC., ONLY ON CERTAIN TERMS.

      The Company shall not consolidate with or merge into any other Person (in
any transaction in which the Company is not the surviving corporation) or
convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety
(determined on a consolidated basis) to any Person, unless:

          (1)   in case the Company shall consolidate with or merge into another
      Person (in an transaction in which the Company is not the surviving
      corporation) or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets
      substantially as an entirety to any Person, the Person formed by such
      consolidation or into which the Company is merged or the Person which
      acquires by conveyance or transfer, or which leases, the properties and
      assets of the Company substantially as an entirety shall be a corporation,
      limited liability company, partnership or trust, shall be organized and
      validly existing under the laws of the United States of America, any State
      thereof or the District of Columbia and shall expressly assume, by an
      indenture supplemental hereto, executed and delivered to the Trustee, in
      form satisfactory to the Trustee, the due and punctual payment of the
      principal of and any premium and interest on all the Securities and the
      performance or observance of every covenant of this Indenture on the part
      of the Company to be performed or

                                       49
<PAGE>

      observed and the conversion rights shall be provided for in accordance
      with Article 14, if applicable, or as otherwise specified pursuant to
      Section 301, by supplemental indenture satisfactory in form to the
      Trustee, executed and delivered to the Trustee, by the Person (if other
      than the Company) formed by such consolidation or into which the Company
      shall have been merged or by the Person which shall have acquired the
      Company's assets;

          (2)   immediately after giving effect to such transaction and treating
      any indebtedness which becomes an obligation of the Company or any
      Subsidiary as a result of such transaction as having been incurred by the
      Company or such Subsidiary at the time of such transaction, no Event of
      Default, and no event which, after notice or lapse of time or both, would
      become an Event of Default, shall have happened and be continuing; and

          (3)   the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers'
      Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such
      consolidation, merger, conveyance, transfer or lease and, if a
      supplemental indenture is required in connection with such transaction,
      such supplemental indenture comply with this Article and that all
      conditions precedent herein provided for relating to such transaction have
      been complied with.

SECTION 802.  SUCCESSOR SUBSTITUTED.

      Upon any consolidation of the Company with, or merger of the Company into,
any other Person or any conveyance, transfer or lease of the properties and
assets of the Company substantially as an entirety in accordance with Section
801, the successor Person formed by such consolidation or into which the Company
is merged or to which such conveyance, transfer or lease is made shall succeed
to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the
Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor Person
had been named as the Company herein, and thereafter, except in the case of a
lease, the predecessor Person shall be relieved of all obligations and covenants
under this Indenture, any applicable supplemental indentures and the Securities.


                                  ARTICLE IX

                            SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

SECTION 901.  SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITHOUT CONSENT OF HOLDERS.

      Without the consent of any Holders, the Company, when authorized by a
Board Resolution, and the Trustee, at any time and from time to time, may enter
into one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in form satisfactory to the
Trustee, for any of the following purposes:

          (1)   to evidence the succession of another Person to the Company, or
      successive successions, and the assumption by any such successor of the
      covenants of the Company herein and in the Securities; or

                                       50
<PAGE>

          (2)   to add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of the
      Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such covenants are to
      be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that
      such covenants are expressly being included solely for the benefit of such
      series) or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the
      Company; or

          (3)   to add any additional Events of Default for the benefit of the
      Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such additional Events
      of Default are to be for the benefit of less than all series of
      Securities, stating that such additional Events of Default are expressly
      being included solely for the benefit of such series); or

          (4)   to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture to
      such extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the issuance of
      Securities in bearer form, registrable or not registrable as to principal,
      and with or without interest coupons, or to permit or facilitate the
      issuance of Securities in uncertificated form; or

          (5)   to add to, change or eliminate any of the provisions of this
      Indenture in respect of one or more series of Securities, provided that
      any such addition, change or elimination (A) shall neither (i) apply to
      any Security of any series created prior to the execution of such
      supplemental indenture and entitled to the benefit of such provision nor
      (ii) modify the rights of the Holder of any such Security with respect to
      such provision or (B) shall become effective only when there is no such
      Security Outstanding; or

          (6)   to secure the Securities; or

          (7)   to establish the form or terms of Securities of any series as
      permitted by Sections 201 and 301; or

          (8)   to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment
      hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or
      more series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this
      Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the
      administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, pursuant
      to the requirements of Section 611; or

          (9)   to make provision with respect to the conversion rights of
      Holders pursuant to the requirements of Article 14, including providing
      for the conversion of the securities into any security (other than the
      Common Stock of the Company) or property of the Company; or

          (10)  to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any provision
      herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision
      herein, or to make any other provisions with respect to matters or
      questions arising under this Indenture, provided that such action pursuant
      to this Clause (10) shall not adversely affect the interests of the
      Holders of Securities of any series in any material respect; or

          (11)  to supplement any of the provisions of the Indenture to such
      extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the defeasance and
      discharge of any series of Securities pursuant to Articles 4 and 13,
      provided that any such action shall not adversely affect the interests of
      the Holders of Securities of such series or any other series of Securities
      in any material respect.

                                       51
<PAGE>

SECTION 902.  SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITH CONSENT OF HOLDERS.

      With the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of each series affected by such supplemental indenture,
by Act of said Holders delivered to the Company and the Trustee, the Company,
when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee may enter into an
indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding any
provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of
this Indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of
Securities of such series under this Indenture or indentures supplemental
hereto; provided, however, that no such supplemental indenture shall, without
the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected thereby,

          (1)   extend the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or any
      installment of principal of or interest on, any Security, or reduce the
      principal amount thereof or the rate of interest thereon or any premium
      payable upon the redemption thereof, or change any Place of Payment where,
      or the coin or currency in which, any Security or any premium or interest
      thereon is payable, or impair the right to institute suit for the
      enforcement of any such payment on or after the Stated Maturity thereof
      (or, in the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date), or
      modify the provisions of this Indenture with respect to the subordination
      of such series of Securities in a manner adverse to the Holders of
      Securities of such series, or, in the case of securities of any series
      that are convertible into Securities or other securities of the Company,
      adversely affect the right of Holders to convert any of the Securities of
      such series other than as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, or

          (2)   reduce the percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding
      Securities of any series, the consent of whose Holders is required for any
      such supplemental indenture, or the consent of whose Holders is required
      for any waiver of compliance with certain provisions of this Indenture or
      certain defaults hereunder and their consequences provided for in this
      Indenture, or

          (3)   modify any of the provisions of this Section, Section 513 or
      Section 1008, except to increase any such percentage or to provide that
      certain other provisions of this Indenture cannot be modified or waived
      without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected
      thereby; provided, however, that this clause shall not be deemed to
      require the consent of any Holder with respect to changes in the
      references to "the Trustee" and concomitant changes in this Section and
      Section 1008, or the deletion of this proviso, in accordance with the
      requirements of Sections 611 and 901(8), or

          (4)   if applicable, make any change that adversely affects the right
      to convert any security as provided in Article 14 or pursuant to Section
      301 (except as permitted by Section 901(9)) or decrease the conversion
      rate or increase the conversion price of any such security.

      A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any covenant or other
provision of this Indenture which has expressly been included solely for the
benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or which modifies the
rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to such covenant
or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this
Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series.

                                       52
<PAGE>

      It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders under this Section to
approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall
be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance thereof.

SECTION 903.  EXECUTION OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.

      In executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any
supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby of
the trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive,
and (subject to Sections 601 and 603) shall be fully protected in relying upon,
an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of such supplemental indenture
is authorized or permitted by this Indenture. The Trustee may, but shall not be
obligated to, enter into any such supplemental indenture which affects the
Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.

SECTION 904.  EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.

      Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture under this Article, this
Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such supplemental
indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder
of Securities theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered hereunder
shall be bound thereby.

SECTION 905.  CONFORMITY WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT.

      Every supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article shall
conform to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act.

SECTION 906.  REFERENCE IN SECURITIES TO SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.

      Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the execution
of any supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article may, and shall if
required by the Trustee, bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee as to
any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so
determine, new Securities of any series so modified as to conform, in the
opinion of the Trustee and the Company, to any such supplemental indenture may
be prepared and executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the
Trustee in exchange for Outstanding Securities of such series.

SECTION 907.  SUBORDINATION UNIMPAIRED.

      No provision in any supplemental indenture which affects the superior
position of the holders of Senior Indebtedness shall be effective against
holders of Senior Indebtedness.

                                       53
<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE X

                                   COVENANTS

SECTION 1001.  PAYMENT OF PRINCIPAL, PREMIUM AND INTEREST.

      The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of each series of
Securities that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of and any premium
and interest on the Securities of that series in accordance with the terms of
the Securities and this Indenture.

SECTION 1002.  MAINTENANCE OF OFFICE OR AGENCY.

      The Company will maintain in each Place of Payment for any series of
Securities an office or agency where Securities of that series may be presented
or surrendered for payment, where Securities of that series may be surrendered
for registration of transfer or exchange, where Securities of that series may be
surrendered for conversion and where notices and demands to or upon the Company
in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may be served.
The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and
any change in the location, of such office or agency. If at any time the Company
shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to
furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders,
notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the
Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all
such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands. Unless otherwise provided
in a supplemental indenture or pursuant to Section 301 hereof, the Place of
Payment for any series of Securities shall be the Corporate Trust Office of the
Trustee.

      The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other offices
or agencies where the Securities of one or more series may be presented or
surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind such
designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in
any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an office or agency
in each Place of Payment for Securities of any series for such purposes. The
Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation
or rescission and of any change in the location of any such other office or
agency.

SECTION 1003.  MONEY FOR SECURITIES PAYMENTS TO BE HELD IN TRUST.

      If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent with respect
to any series of Securities, it will, on or before each due date of the
principal of or any premium or interest on any of the Securities of that series,
segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a
sum sufficient to pay the principal and any premium and interest so becoming due
until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein
provided and will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to
act.

      Whenever the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents for any series
of Securities, it will, on or prior to each due date of the principal of or any
premium or interest on any Securities of that series, deposit with a Paying
Agent a sum sufficient to pay such amount, such sum to be held as provided by
the Trust Indenture Act, and (unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee) the
Company will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act.

      The Company will cause each Paying Agent for any series of Securities
other than the Trustee to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in
which such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions
of this Section, that such Paying Agent will (1) comply with the provisions of
the Trust Indenture Act applicable to it as a Paying Agent and

                                       54
<PAGE>

(2) during the continuance of any default by the Company (or any other obligor
upon the Securities of that series) in the making of any payment in respect of
the Securities of that series, upon the written request of the Trustee,
forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums held in trust by such Paying Agent for
payment in respect of the Securities of that series.

      The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction
and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or by Company
Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by
the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the
same trusts as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or such
Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee, such
Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such
money.

      Any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by
the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of or any premium or
interest on any Security of any series and remaining unclaimed for a period
ending on the earlier of the date that is ten Business Days prior to the date
such money would escheat to the State or two years after such principal, premium
or interest has become due and payable shall be paid to the Company on Company
Request, or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust;
and the Holder of such Security shall thereafter, as an unsecured general
creditor, look only to the Company for payment thereof, and all liability of the
Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust money, and all liability
of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease; provided, however,
that the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being required to make any such
repayment, may at the expense of the Company cause to be published once, in a
newspaper published in the English language, customarily published on each
Business Day and of general circulation in each Place of Payment, notice that
such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date specified therein, which
shall not be less than 30 days from the date of such publication, any unclaimed
balance of such money then remaining will be repaid to the Company.

SECTION 1004.  STATEMENT BY OFFICERS AS TO DEFAULT.

      The Company will deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of
each fiscal year of the Company ending after the date hereof, an Officers'
Certificate, stating whether or not to the best knowledge of the signers thereof
the Company is in default in the performance and observance of any of the terms,
provisions and conditions of this Indenture (without regard to any period of
grace or requirement of notice provided hereunder) and, if the Company shall be
in default, specifying all such defaults and the nature and status thereof of
which they may have knowledge. The fiscal year of the Company currently ends on
December 31; and the Company will give the Trustee prompt written notice of any
change of its fiscal year.

SECTION 1005.  EXISTENCE.

      Subject to Article 8, the Company will do or cause to be done all things
necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its existence.

                                       55
<PAGE>

SECTION 1006.  MAINTENANCE OF PROPERTIES.

      The Company will cause all properties used or useful in the conduct of its
business to be maintained and kept in good condition, repair and working order
and supplied with all necessary equipment and will cause to be made all
necessary repairs, renewals, replacements, betterments and improvements thereof,
all as, and to the extent, in the judgment of the Company may be necessary so
that the business carried on in connection therewith may be properly and
advantageously conducted at all times; provided, however, that nothing in this
Section shall prevent the Company from discontinuing the operation or
maintenance of any of such properties if such discontinuance is, in the judgment
of the Company, desirable in the conduct of its business and not disadvantageous
in any material respect to the Holders.

SECTION 1007.  PAYMENT OF TAXES AND OTHER CLAIMS.

      The Company will pay or discharge or cause to be paid or discharged,
before the same shall become delinquent, (1) all taxes, assessments and
governmental charges levied or imposed upon the Company or upon the income,
profits or property of the Company, and (2) all lawful claims for labor,
materials and supplies which, if unpaid, might by law become a lien upon the
property of the Company; provided, however, that the Company shall not be
required to pay or discharge or cause to be paid or discharged any such tax,
assessment, charge or claim (i) whose amount, applicability or validity is being
contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings or (ii) if the failure to pay
or discharge would not have a material adverse effect on the assets, business,
operations, properties or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Company and
its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

SECTION 1008.  WAIVER OF CERTAIN COVENANTS.

      Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for
Securities of such series, the Company may, with respect to the Securities of
any series, omit in any particular instance to comply with any term, provision
or condition set forth in any covenant provided pursuant to Section 301(20),
901(2), 901(7), 1006 or 1007 for the benefit of the Holders of such series if
before the time for such compliance the Holders of at least a majority in
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series shall, by Act of
such Holders, either waive such compliance in such instance or generally waive
compliance with such term, provision or condition, but no such waiver shall
extend to or affect such term, provision or condition except to the extent so
expressly waived, and, until such waiver shall become effective, the obligations
of the Company and the duties of the Trustee in respect of any such term,
provision or condition shall remain in full force and effect.

                                  ARTICLE XI

                           REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES

SECTION 1101.  APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE.

      Securities of any series which are redeemable before their Stated Maturity
shall be redeemable in accordance with their terms and (except as otherwise
specified as contemplated by Section 301 for such Securities) in accordance with
this Article.

                                       56
<PAGE>

SECTION 1102.  ELECTION TO REDEEM; NOTICE TO TRUSTEE.

      The election of the Company to redeem any Securities shall be evidenced by
a Board Resolution or in another manner specified as contemplated by Section 301
for such Securities. In case of any redemption at the election of the Company of
less than all the Securities of any series (including any such redemption
affecting only a single Security), the Company shall, at least 45 days prior to
the Redemption Date fixed by the Company (unless a shorter notice shall be
satisfactory to the Trustee), notify the Trustee of such Redemption Date, of the
principal amount of Securities of such series to be redeemed and, if applicable,
of the tenor of the Securities to be redeemed. In the case of any redemption of
Securities prior to the expiration of any restriction on such redemption
provided in the terms of such Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture, the
Company shall furnish the Trustee with an Officers' Certificate evidencing
compliance with such restriction.

SECTION 1103.  SELECTION BY TRUSTEE OF SECURITIES TO BE REDEEMED.

      If less than all the Securities of any series are to be redeemed (unless
all the Securities of such series and of a specified tenor are to be redeemed or
unless such redemption affects only a single Security), the particular
Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not more than 45 days prior to the
Redemption Date by the Trustee, from the Outstanding Securities of such series
not previously called for redemption, by lot, or in the Trustee's discretion, on
a pro-rata basis, provided that the unredeemed portion of the principal amount
of any Security shall be in an authorized denomination (which shall not be less
than the minimum authorized denomination) for such Security. If less than all
the Securities of such series and of a specified tenor are to be redeemed
(unless such redemption affects only a single Security), the particular
Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not more than 45 days prior to the
Redemption Date by the Trustee, from the Outstanding Securities of such series
and specified tenor not previously called for redemption in accordance with the
preceding sentence.

      If any Security selected for partial redemption is converted in part
before termination of the conversion right with respect to the portion of the
Security so selected, the converted portion of such Security shall be deemed (so
far as may be) to be the portion selected for redemption. Securities which have
been converted during a selection of Securities to be redeemed shall be treated
by the Trustee as Outstanding for the purpose of such selection.

      The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company in writing of the Securities
selected for redemption as aforesaid and, in case of any Securities selected for
partial redemption as aforesaid, the principal amount thereof to be redeemed.

      The provisions of the two preceding paragraphs shall not apply with
respect to any redemption affecting only a single Security, whether such
Security is to be redeemed in whole or in part. In the case of any such
redemption in part, the unredeemed portion of the principal amount of the
Security shall be in an authorized denomination (which shall not be less than
the minimum authorized denomination) for such Security.

                                       57
<PAGE>

      For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires,
all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities shall relate, in the
case of any Securities redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion
of the principal amount of such Securities which has been or is to be redeemed.

SECTION 1104.  NOTICE OF REDEMPTION.

      Notice of redemption shall be given by first-class mail, postage prepaid,
mailed not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date,
unless a shorter period is specified in the Securities to be redeemed, to each
Holder of Securities to be redeemed, at its address appearing in the Security
Register.

All notices of redemption shall state:

          (1)   the Redemption Date,

          (2)   the Redemption Price (including accrued interest, if any),

          (3)   if less than all the Outstanding Securities of any series
      consisting of more than a single Security are to be redeemed, the
      identification (and, in the case of partial redemption of any such
      Securities, the principal amounts) of the particular Securities to be
      redeemed and, if less than all the Outstanding Securities of any series
      consisting of a single Security are to be redeemed, the principal amount
      of the particular Security to be redeemed,

          (4)   that on the Redemption Date the Redemption Price will become due
      and payable upon each such Security to be redeemed and, if applicable,
      that interest thereon will cease to accrue on and after said date,

          (5)   the place or places where each such Security is to be
      surrendered for payment of the Redemption Price,

          (6)   if applicable, the conversion price, that the date on which the
      right to convert the principal of the Securities or the portions thereof
      to be redeemed will terminate will be the Redemption Date and the place or
      places where such Securities may be surrendered for conversion, and

          (7)   that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case.

      Notice of redemption of Securities to be redeemed at the election of the
Company shall be given by the Company or, at the Company's request, by the
Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company and shall be irrevocable.

SECTION 1105.  DEPOSIT OF REDEMPTION PRICE.

      On or prior to any Redemption Date, the Company shall deposit with the
Trustee or with a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying
Agent, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 1003) an amount of
money sufficient to pay the Redemption Price of, and (except if the Redemption
Date shall be an Interest Payment Date) accrued interest on, all the Securities
which are to be redeemed on that date.

                                       58
<PAGE>

      If any Security called for redemption is converted, any money deposited
with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent or so segregated and held in trust for
the redemption of such Security shall (subject to the right of any Holder of
such Security to receive interest as provided in the last paragraph of Section
307) be paid to the Company on Company Request, or if then held by the Company,
shall be discharged from such trust.

SECTION 1106.  SECURITIES PAYABLE ON REDEMPTION DATE.

      Notice of redemption having been given as aforesaid, the Securities so to
be redeemed shall, on the Redemption Date, become due and payable at the
Redemption Price therein specified, and from and after such date (unless the
Company shall default in the payment of the Redemption Price and accrued
interest) such Securities shall cease to bear interest. Upon surrender of any
such Security for redemption in accordance with said notice, such Security shall
be paid by the Company at the Redemption Price, together with accrued interest
to the Redemption Date; provided, however, that, unless otherwise specified as
contemplated by Section 301, installments of interest whose Stated Maturity is
on or prior to the Redemption Date will be payable to the Holders of such
Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the
close of business on the relevant Record Dates according to their terms and the
provisions of Section 307.

      If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon surrender
thereof for redemption, the principal and any premium shall, until paid, bear
interest from the Redemption Date at the rate prescribed therefor in the
Security.

SECTION 1107.  SECURITIES REDEEMED IN PART.

      Any Security which is to be redeemed only in part shall be surrendered at
a Place of Payment therefor (with, if the Company or the Trustee so requires,
due endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to
the Company and the Trustee duly executed by, the Holder thereof or its attorney
duly authorized in writing), and the Company shall execute, and the Trustee
shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such Security without service
charge, a new Security or Securities of the same series and of like tenor, of
any authorized denomination as requested by such Holder, in aggregate principal
amount equal to and in exchange for the unredeemed portion of the principal of
the Security so surrendered.

                                  ARTICLE XII

                                 SINKING FUNDS

SECTION 1201.  APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE.

      The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund for
the retirement of Securities of any series except as otherwise specified as
contemplated by Section 301 for such Securities.

      The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms
of any Securities is herein referred to as a "mandatory sinking fund payment,"
and any payment in

                                       59
<PAGE>

excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of such Securities is
herein referred to as an "optional sinking fund payment." If provided for by the
terms of any Securities, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be
subject to reduction as provided in Section 1202. Each sinking fund payment
shall be applied to the redemption of Securities as provided for by the terms of
such Securities.

SECTION 1202.  SATISFACTION OF SINKING FUND PAYMENTS WITH SECURITIES.

      The Company (1) may deliver Outstanding Securities of a series (other than
any previously called for redemption) and (2) may apply as a credit Securities
of a series which have been redeemed either at the election of the Company
pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the application of permitted
optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such Securities, in each
case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect
to any Securities of such series required to be made pursuant to the terms of
such Securities as and to the extent provided for by the terms of such
Securities; provided that the Securities to be so credited have not been
previously so credited. The Securities to be so credited shall be received and
credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the Redemption Price, as specified
in the Securities so to be redeemed, for redemption through operation of the
sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced
accordingly.

SECTION 1203.  REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES FOR SINKING FUND.

      Not less than 60 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for any
Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate
specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for such
Securities pursuant to the terms of such Securities, the portion thereof, if
any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if
any, which is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities pursuant to
Section 1202 and will also deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so
delivered. Not less than 30 days prior to each such sinking fund payment date,
the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund
payment date in the manner specified in Section 1103 and cause notice of the
redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company
in the manner provided in Section 1104. Such notice having been duly given, the
redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner
stated in Sections 1106 and 1107.

                                  ARTICLE XIII

                      DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE

SECTION 1301.  COMPANY'S OPTION TO EFFECT DEFEASANCE OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE.

      The Company may elect, at its option at any time, to have Section 1302 or
Section 1303 applied to any Securities or any series of Securities, as the case
may be, designated pursuant to Section 301 as being defeasible pursuant to such
Section 1302 or 1303, in accordance with any applicable requirements provided
pursuant to Section 301 and upon compliance with the

                                       60
<PAGE>

conditions set forth below in this Article. Any such election shall be evidenced
by a Board Resolution or in another manner specified as contemplated by Section
301 for such Securities.

SECTION 1302.  DEFEASANCE AND DISCHARGE.

      Upon the Company's exercise of its option (if any) to have this Section
applied to any Securities or any series of Securities, as the case may be, the
Company shall be deemed to have been discharged from its obligations, and the
provisions of Article 15 shall cease to be effective, with respect to such
Securities as provided in this Section on and after the date the conditions set
forth in Section 1304 are satisfied (hereinafter called "Defeasance"). For this
purpose, such Defeasance means that the Company shall be deemed to have paid and
discharged the entire indebtedness represented by such Securities and to have
satisfied all its other obligations under such Securities and this Indenture
insofar as such Securities are concerned (and the Trustee, at the expense of the
Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), subject to
the following which shall survive until otherwise terminated or discharged
hereunder:

          (1)   the rights of Holders of such Securities to receive, solely from
      the trust fund described in Section 1304 and as more fully set forth in
      such Section, payments in respect of the principal of and any premium and
      interest on such Securities when payments are due,

          (2)   the Company's obligations with respect to such Securities under
      Sections 304, 305, 306, 1002 and 1003, and, if applicable, Article 14,

          (3)   the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the Trustee
      hereunder and

          (4)   this Article, subject to compliance with this Article, the
      Company may exercise its option (if any) to have this Section applied to
      any Securities notwithstanding the prior exercise of its option (if any)
      to have Section 1303 applied to such Securities.

SECTION 1303.  COVENANT DEFEASANCE.

      Upon the Company's exercise of its option (if any) to have this Section
applied to any Securities or any series of Securities, as the case may be,

          (1)   the Company shall be released from its obligations under
      Sections 1006 through 1007, inclusive, and any covenants provided pursuant
      to Section 301(20), 901(2) or 901(7) for the benefit of the Holders of
      such Securities,

          (2)   the occurrence of any event specified in Sections 501(3) (with
      respect to any of Sections 1006 through 1007, inclusive, and any such
      covenants provided pursuant to Section 301(20), 901(2) or 901(7)), shall
      be deemed not to be or result in an Event of Default, and

          (3)   the provisions of Article 15 shall cease to be effective, in
      each case with respect to such Securities as provided in this Section on
      and after the date the conditions set forth in Section 1304 are satisfied
      (hereinafter called "Covenant Defeasance"). For this purpose, such
      Covenant Defeasance means that, with respect to such Securities, the
      Company may omit to comply with and shall have no liability in respect of
      any term, condition or limitation set forth in any such

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      specified Section (to the extent so specified in the case of Section
      501(3)) or Article 15, whether directly or indirectly by reason of any
      reference elsewhere herein to any such Section or Article or by reason of
      any reference in any such Section or Article to any other provision herein
      or in any other document, but the remainder of this Indenture and such
      Securities shall be unaffected thereby.

SECTION 1304.  CONDITIONS TO DEFEASANCE OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE.

      The following shall be the conditions to the application of Section 1302
or Section 1303 to any Securities or any series of Securities, as the case may
be:

          (1)   The Company shall irrevocably have deposited or caused to be
      deposited with the Trustee (or another trustee which satisfies the
      requirements contemplated by Section 609 and agrees to comply with the
      provisions of this Article applicable to it) as trust funds in trust for
      the purpose of making the following payments, specifically pledged as
      security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefits of the Holders of such
      Securities,

                (A)   money in an amount, or

                (B)   U.S. Government Obligations which through the scheduled
          payment of principal and interest in respect thereof in accordance
          with their terms will provide, not later than one day before the due
          date of any payment, money in an amount, or

                (C)   a combination thereof, in each case sufficient, in the
          opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public
          accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to
          the Trustee, to pay and discharge, and which shall be applied by the
          Trustee (or any such other qualifying trustee) to pay and discharge,
          the principal of and any premium and interest on such Securities on
          the respective Stated Maturities, in accordance with the terms of this
          Indenture and such Securities. As used herein, "U.S. Government
          Obligation" means (x) any security which is (i) a direct obligation of
          the United States of America for the payment of which the full faith
          and credit of the United States of America is pledged or (ii) an
          obligation of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an
          agency or instrumentality of the United States of America the payment
          of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit
          obligation by the United States of America, which, in either case (i)
          or (ii), is not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer
          thereof, and (y) any depositary receipt issued by a bank (as defined
          in Section 3(a)(2) of the Securities Act) as custodian with respect to
          any U.S. Government Obligation which is specified in Clause (x) above
          and held by such bank for the account of the holder of such depositary
          receipt, or with respect to any specific payment of principal of or
          interest on any U.S. Government Obligation which is so specified and
          held, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not
          authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder
          of such depositary receipt from any amount received by the custodian
          in respect of the U.S. Government Obligation or the specific payment
          of principal or interest evidenced by such depositary receipt.

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<PAGE>

          (2)   In the event of an election to have Section 1302 apply to any
      Securities or any series of Securities, as the case may be, the Company
      shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel stating that

                (A)   the Company has received from, or there has been published
          by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling or

                (B)   since the date of this instrument, there has been a change
          in the applicable Federal income tax law, in either case (A) or (B) to
          the effect that, and based thereon such opinion shall confirm that,
          the Holders of such Securities will not recognize gain or loss for
          Federal income tax purposes as a result of the deposit, Defeasance and
          discharge to be effected with respect to such Securities and will be
          subject to Federal income tax on the same amount, in the same manner
          and at the same times as would be the case if such deposit, Defeasance
          and discharge were not to occur.

          (3)   In the event of an election to have Section 1303 apply to any
      Securities or any series of Securities, as the case may be, the Company
      shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect
      that the Holders of such Securities will not recognize gain or loss for
      Federal income tax purposes as a result of the deposit and Covenant
      Defeasance to be effected with respect to such Securities and will be
      subject to Federal income tax on the same amount, in the same manner and
      at the same times as would be the case if such deposit and Covenant
      Defeasance were not to occur.

          (4)   The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers'
      Certificate to the effect that neither such Securities nor any other
      Securities of the same series, if then listed on any securities exchange,
      will be delisted as a result of such deposit.

          (5)   No event which is, or after notice or lapse of time or both
      would become, an Event of Default with respect to such Securities or any
      other Securities shall have occurred and be continuing at the time of such
      deposit or, with regard to any such event specified in Sections 501(5) and
      (6), at any time on or prior to the 90th day after the date of such
      deposit (it being understood that this condition shall not be deemed
      satisfied until after such 90th day).

          (6)   Such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not cause the
      Trustee to have a conflicting interest within the meaning of the Trust
      Indenture Act (assuming all Securities are in default within the meaning
      of such Act).

          (7)   Such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not result in a
      breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any other agreement
      or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound.

          (8)   Such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not result in the
      trust arising from such deposit constituting an investment company within
      the meaning of the Investment Company Act unless such trust shall be
      registered under such Act or exempt from registration thereunder.

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          (9)   At the time of such deposit,

                (A)   no default in the payment of any principal of or premium
          or interest on any Senior Indebtedness shall have occurred and be
          continuing,

                (B)   no event of default with respect to any Senior
          Indebtedness shall have resulted in such Senior Indebtedness becoming,
          and continuing to be, due and payable prior to the date on which it
          would otherwise have become due and payable (unless payment of such
          Senior Indebtedness has been made or duly provided for), and

                (C)   no other event of default with respect to any Senior
          Indebtedness shall have occurred and be continuing permitting (after
          notice or lapse of time or both) the holders of such Senior
          Indebtedness (or a trustee on behalf of such holders) to declare such
          Senior Indebtedness due and payable prior to the date on which it
          would otherwise have become due and payable.

          (10)  The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers'
      Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
      precedent with respect to such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance have been
      complied with.

SECTION 1305. DEPOSITED MONEY AND U.S. GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS TO BE HELD IN
              TRUST; MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS.

      Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 1003, all money
and U.S. Government Obligations (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with
the Trustee or other qualifying trustee (solely for purposes of this Section and
Section 1306, the Trustee and any such other trustee are referred to
collectively as the "Trustee") pursuant to Section 1304 in respect of any
Securities shall be held in trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with
the provisions of such Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either
directly or through any such Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its
own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Holders of such
Securities, of all sums due and to become due thereon in respect of principal
and any premium and interest, but money so held in trust need not be segregated
from other funds except to the extent required by law. Money and U.S. Government
Obligations so held in trust shall not be subject to the provisions of Article
15.

      The Company shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or
other charge imposed on or assessed against the U.S. Government Obligations
deposited pursuant to Section 1304 or the principal and interest received in
respect thereof other than any such tax, fee or other charge which by law is for
the account of the Holders of Outstanding Securities.

      Anything in this Article to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee
shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Request any
money or U.S. Government Obligations held by it as provided in Section 1304 with
respect to any Securities which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm
of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof
delivered to the Trustee, are in excess of the amount thereof which would then
be required to be deposited to effect the Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance, as
the case may be, with respect to such Securities.

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SECTION 1306.  REINSTATEMENT.

      If the Trustee or the Paying Agent is unable to apply any money in
accordance with this Article with respect to any Securities by reason of any
order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining
or otherwise prohibiting such application, then the obligations under this
Indenture and such Securities from which the Company has been discharged or
released pursuant to Section 1302 or 1303 shall be revived and reinstated as
though no deposit had occurred pursuant to this Article with respect to such
Securities, until such time as the Trustee or Paying Agent is permitted to apply
all money held in trust pursuant to Section 1305 with respect to such Securities
in accordance with this Article; provided, however, that if the Company makes
any payment of principal of or any premium or interest on any such Security
following such reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated
to the rights (if any) of the Holders of such Securities to receive such payment
from the money so held in trust.

                                  ARTICLE XIV

                           CONVERSION OF SECURITIES

SECTION 1401.  APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE.

      The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to the Securities of
any series which are convertible into shares of Common Stock of the Company, and
the issuance of such shares of Common Stock upon the conversion of such
Securities, except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 301 for the
Securities of such series.

SECTION 1402.  EXERCISE OF CONVERSION PRIVILEGE.

      In order to exercise a conversion privilege, the Holder of a Security of a
series with such a privilege shall surrender such Security to the Company at the
office or agency maintained for that purpose pursuant to Section 1002,
accompanied by a duly executed conversion notice to the Company substantially in
the form set forth in Section 206 or the indenture supplemental hereto
applicable to such Security stating that the Holder elects to convert such
Security or a specified portion thereof. Such notice shall also state, if
different from the name and address of such Holder, the name or names (with
address) in which the certificate or certificates for shares of Common Stock
which shall be issuable on such conversion shall be issued. Securities
surrendered for conversion shall (if so required by the Company or the Trustee)
be duly endorsed by or accompanied by instruments of transfer in forms
satisfactory to the Company and the Trustee duly executed by the registered
Holder or its attorney duly authorized in writing; and Securities so surrendered
for conversion (in whole or in part) during the period from the close of
business on any Regular Record Date to the opening of business on the next
succeeding Interest Payment Date (excluding Securities or portions thereof
called for redemption during the period beginning at the close of business on a
Regular Record Date and ending at the opening of business on the first Business
Day after the next succeeding Interest Payment Date, or if such Interest Payment
Date is not a Business Day, the second such Business Day) shall also be
accompanied by payment in funds acceptable to the Company of an amount equal to
the interest payable on such Interest Payment Date on the principal amount of
such Security then being converted, and such interest shall be payable to such
registered Holder notwithstanding the conversion of such Security, subject to
the provisions of Section 307 relating to the payment of Defaulted Interest by
the Company. As promptly as practicable after the receipt of such notice and of
any payment required pursuant to a Board Resolution and, subject to Section 303,
set forth, or determined in the manner provided, in an Officers' Certificate, or
established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto setting forth the
terms of such series of Security, and the

                                      65
<PAGE>

surrender of such Security in accordance with such reasonable regulations as the
Company may prescribe, the Company shall issue and shall deliver, at the office
or agency at which such Security is surrendered, to such Holder or on its
written order, a certificate or certificates for the number of full shares of
Common Stock issuable upon the conversion of such Security (or specified portion
thereof), in accordance with the provisions of such Board Resolution, Officers'
Certificate or supplemental indenture, and cash as provided therein in respect
of any fractional share of such Common Stock otherwise issuable upon such
conversion. Such conversion shall be deemed to have been effected immediately
prior to the close of business on the date on which such notice and such
payment, if required, shall have been received in proper order for conversion by
the Company and such Security shall have been surrendered as aforesaid (unless
such Holder shall have so surrendered such Security and shall have instructed
the Company to effect the conversion on a particular date following such
surrender and such Holder shall be entitled to convert such Security on such
date, in which case such conversion shall be deemed to be effected immediately
prior to the close of business on such date) and at such time the rights of the
Holder of such Security as such Security Holder shall cease and the person or
persons in whose name or names any certificate or certificates for shares of
Common Stock of the Company shall be issuable upon such conversion shall be
deemed to have become the Holder or Holders of record of the shares represented
thereby. Except as set forth above and subject to the final paragraph of Section
307, no payment or adjustment shall be made upon any conversion on account of
any interest accrued on the Securities (or any part thereof) surrendered for
conversion or on account of any dividends on the Common Stock of the Company
issued upon such conversion.

      In the case of any Security which is converted in part only, upon such
conversion the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver to or on the order of the Holder thereof, at the expense of the Company,
a new Security or Securities of the same series, of authorized denominations, in
aggregate principal amount equal to the unconverted portion of such Security.

SECTION 1403.  NO FRACTIONAL SHARES.

      No fractional share of Common Stock of the Company shall be issued upon
conversions of Securities of any series. If more than one Security shall be
surrendered for conversion at one time by the same Holder, the number of full
shares which shall be issuable upon conversion shall be computed on the basis of
the aggregate principal amount of the Securities (or specified portions thereof
to the extent permitted hereby) so surrendered. If, except for the provisions of
this Section, any Holder of a Security or Securities would be entitled to a
fractional share of Common Stock of the Company upon the conversion of such
Security or Securities, or specified portions thereof, the Company shall pay to
such Holder an amount in cash equal to the current market value of such
fractional share computed, (i) if such Common Stock is listed or admitted to
unlisted trading privileges on a national securities exchange or market, on the
basis of the last reported sale price regular way on such exchange or market on
the last trading day prior to the date of conversion upon which such a sale
shall have been effected, or (ii) if such Common Stock is not at the time so
listed or admitted to unlisted trading privileges on a national securities
exchange or market, on the basis of the average of the bid and asked prices of
such Common Stock in the over-the-counter market, on the last trading day prior
to the date of conversion, as reported by the National Quotation Bureau,
Incorporated or similar organization if the National

                                      66
<PAGE>

Quotation Bureau, Incorporated is no longer reporting such information, or if
not so available, the fair market price as determined by the Board of Directors.
For purposes of this Section, "trading day" shall mean each Monday, Tuesday,
Wednesday, Thursday and Friday other than any day on which the Common Stock is
not traded on the Nasdaq National Market, or if the Common Stock is not traded
on the Nasdaq National Market, on the principal exchange or market on which the
Common Stock is traded or quoted.

SECTION 1404.  ADJUSTMENT OF CONVERSION PRICE.

      The conversion price of Securities of any series that is convertible into
Common Stock of the Company shall be adjusted for any stock dividends, stock
splits, reclassifications, combinations or similar transactions in accordance
with the terms of the supplemental indenture or Board Resolutions setting forth
the terms of the Securities of such series.

      Whenever the conversion price is adjusted, the Company shall compute the
adjusted conversion price in accordance with terms of the applicable Board
Resolution or supplemental indenture and shall prepare an Officers' Certificate
setting forth the adjusted conversion price and showing in reasonable detail the
facts upon which such adjustment is based, and such certificate shall forthwith
be filed at each office or agency maintained for the purpose of conversion of
Securities pursuant to Section 1002 and, if different, with the Trustee. The
Company shall forthwith cause a notice setting forth the adjusted conversion
price to be mailed, first class postage prepaid, to each Holder of Securities of
such series at its address appearing on the Security Register and to any
conversion agent other than the Trustee.

SECTION 1405.  NOTICE OF CERTAIN CORPORATE ACTIONS.

In case:

          (1)   the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution)
      on its Common Stock payable otherwise than in cash out of its retained
      earnings (other than a dividend for which approval of any shareholders of
      the Company is required) that would require an adjustment pursuant to
      Section 1404; or

          (2)   the Company shall authorize the granting to all or substantially
      all of the holders of its Common Stock of rights, options or warrants to
      subscribe for or purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or of
      any other rights (other than any such grant for which approval of any
      shareholders of the Company is required); or

          (3)   of any reclassification of the Common Stock of the Company
      (other than a subdivision or combination of its outstanding shares of
      Common Stock, or of any consolidation, merger or share exchange to which
      the Company is a party and for which approval of any shareholders of the
      Company is required), or of the sale of all or substantially all of the
      assets of the Company; or

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<PAGE>

          (4)   of the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or
      winding up of the Company; then the Company shall cause to be filed with
      the Trustee, and shall cause to be mailed to all Holders at their last
      addresses as they shall appear in the Security Register, at least 20 days
      (or 10 days in any case specified in Clause (1) or (2) above) prior to the
      applicable record date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (i) the
      date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend,
      distribution, rights, options or warrants, or, if a record is not to be
      taken, the date as of which the holders of Common Stock of record to be
      entitled to such dividend, distribution, rights, options or warrants are
      to be determined, or (ii) the date on which such reclassification,
      consolidation, merger, share exchange, sale, dissolution, liquidation or
      winding up is expected to become effective, and the date as of which it is
      expected that holders of Common Stock of record shall be entitled to
      exchange their shares of Common Stock for securities, cash or other
      property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger,
      share exchange, sale, dissolution, liquidation or winding up. If at any
      time the Trustee shall not be the conversion agent, a copy of such notice
      shall also forthwith be filed by the Company with the Trustee.

SECTION 1406.  RESERVATION OF SHARES OF COMMON STOCK.

      The Company shall at all times reserve and keep available, free from
preemptive rights, out of its authorized but unissued Common Stock, for the
purpose of effecting the conversion of Securities, the full number of shares of
Common Stock of the Company then issuable upon the conversion of all outstanding
Securities of any series that has conversion rights.

SECTION 1407.  PAYMENT OF CERTAIN TAXES UPON CONVERSION.

      Except as provided in the next sentence, the Company will pay any and all
documentary, stamp or similar taxes that may be payable in respect of the issue
or delivery of shares of its Common Stock on conversion of Securities pursuant
hereto. The Company shall not, however, be required to pay any tax which may be
payable in respect of any transfer involved in the issue and delivery of shares
of its Common Stock in a name other than that of the Holder of the Security or
Securities to be converted, and no such issue or delivery shall be made unless
and until the person requesting such issue has paid to the Company the amount of
any such tax, or has established, to the satisfaction of the Company, that such
tax has been paid.  Nothing herein shall preclude any tax withholding required
by law or regulation.

SECTION 1408.  NONASSESSABILITY.

      The Company covenants that all shares of its Common Stock which may be
issued upon conversion of Securities will upon issue in accordance with the
terms hereof be duly and validly issued and fully paid and nonassessable.

SECTION 1409.  PROVISION IN CASE OF CONSOLIDATION, MERGER OR SALE OF ASSETS.

      In case of any consolidation or merger of the Company with or into any
other Person, any merger of another Person with or into the Company (other than
a merger which does not result in any reclassification, conversion, exchange or
cancellation of outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company) or any
conveyance, sale, transfer or lease of all or substantially all of the assets of
the Company, the Person formed by such consolidation or resulting from such
merger or which acquires such assets, as the case may be, shall execute and
deliver to the Trustee

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<PAGE>

a supplemental indenture providing that the Holder of each Security of a series
then Outstanding that is convertible into Common Stock of the Company shall have
the right thereafter (which right shall be the exclusive conversion right
thereafter available to said Holder), during the period such Security shall be
convertible, to convert such Security only into the kind and amount of
securities, cash and other property receivable upon such consolidation, merger,
conveyance, sale, transfer or lease by a holder of the number of shares of
Common Stock of the Company into which such Security might have been converted
immediately prior to such consolidation, merger, conveyance, sale, transfer or
lease, assuming such holder of Common Stock of the Company (i) is not a Person
with which the Company consolidated or merged with or into or which merged into
or with the Company or to which such conveyance, sale, transfer or lease was
made, as the case may be (a "Constituent Person"), or an Affiliate of a
Constituent Person and (ii) failed to exercise his rights of election, if any,
as to the kind or amount of securities, cash and other property receivable upon
such consolidation, merger, conveyance, sale, transfer or lease (provided that
if the kind or amount of securities, cash and other property receivable upon
such consolidation, merger, conveyance, sale, transfer, or lease is not the same
for each share of Common Stock of the Company held immediately prior to such
consolidation, merger, conveyance, sale, transfer or lease by others than a
Constituent Person or an Affiliate thereof and in respect of which such rights
of election shall not have been exercised ("Non-electing Share"), then for the
purpose of this Section, the kind and amount of securities, cash and other
property receivable upon such consolidation, merger, conveyance, sale, transfer
or lease by the holders of each Non-electing Share shall be deemed to be the
kind and amount so receivable per share by a plurality of the Non-electing
Shares). Such supplemental indenture shall provide for adjustments which, for
events subsequent to the effective date of such supplemental indenture, shall be
as nearly equivalent as may be practicable to the adjustments provided for in
this Article or in accordance with the terms of the supplemental indenture or
Board Resolutions setting forth the terms of such adjustments. The above
provisions of this Section shall similarly apply to successive consolidations,
mergers, conveyances, sales, transfers or leases. Notice of the execution of
such a supplemental indenture shall be given by the Company to the Holder of
each Security of a series that is convertible into Common Stock of the Company
as provided in Section 106 promptly upon such execution.

      Neither the Trustee nor any conversion agent, if any, shall be under any
responsibility to determine the correctness of any provisions contained in any
such supplemental indenture relating either to the kind or amount of shares of
stock or other securities or property or cash receivable by Holders of
Securities of a series convertible into Common Stock of the Company upon the
conversion of their Securities after any such consolidation, merger, conveyance,
transfer, sale or lease or to any such adjustment, but may accept as conclusive
evidence of the correctness of any such provisions, and shall be protected in
relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel with respect thereto, which the Company
shall cause to be furnished to the Trustee upon request.

SECTION 1410.  DUTIES OF TRUSTEE REGARDING CONVERSION.

      Neither the Trustee nor any conversion agent shall at any time be under
any duty or responsibility to any Holder of Securities of any series that is
convertible into Common Stock of the Company to determine whether any facts
exist which may require any adjustment of the conversion price, or with respect
to the nature or extent of any such adjustment when made, or with respect to the
method employed, whether herein or in any supplemental indenture, any

                                      69
<PAGE>

resolutions of the Board of Directors or written instrument executed by one or
more officers of the Company provided to be employed in making the same. Neither
the Trustee nor any conversion agent shall be accountable with respect to the
validity or value (or the kind or amount) of any shares of Common Stock of the
Company, or of any securities or property, which may at any time be issued or
delivered upon the conversion of any Securities and neither the Trustee nor any
conversion agent makes any representation with respect thereto. Subject to the
provisions of Section 601, neither the Trustee nor any conversion agent shall be
responsible for any failure of the Company to issue, transfer or deliver any
shares of its Common Stock or stock certificates or other securities or property
upon the surrender of any Security for the purpose of conversion or to comply
with any of the covenants of the Company contained in this Article or in the
applicable supplemental indenture, resolutions of the Board of Directors or
written instrument executed by one or more duly authorized officers of the
Company.

SECTION 1411.  REPAYMENT OF CERTAIN FUNDS UPON CONVERSION.

      Any funds which at any time shall have been deposited by the Company or on
its behalf with the Trustee or any other paying agent for the purpose of paying
the principal of, and premium, if any, and interest, if any, on any of the
Securities (including, but not limited to, funds deposited for the sinking fund
referred to in Article 12 hereof and funds deposited pursuant to Article 13
hereof) and which shall not be required for such purposes because of the
conversion of such Securities as provided in this Article shall after such
conversion be repaid to the Company by the Trustee upon the Company's written
request.

                                  ARTICLE XV

                          SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES

SECTION 1501.  AGREEMENT OF SUBORDINATION.

      Except as otherwise provided in a supplemental indenture or pursuant to
Section 301 hereof, the Company covenants and agrees, and each Holder of
Securities issued hereunder by his acceptance thereof likewise covenants and
agrees, that all Securities shall be issued subject to the provisions of this
Article; and each Person holding any Security, whether upon original issue or
upon transfer, assignment or exchange thereof, accepts and agrees to be bound by
such provisions.

      The payment of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on all
Securities (including, but not limited to, the redemption price with respect to
the Securities called for redemption in accordance with Article 11 as provided
in this Indenture) issued hereunder shall, to the extent and in the manner
hereinafter set forth, be subordinated and subject in right of payment to the
prior payment in full in cash or payment satisfactory to the holders of Senior
Indebtedness of all Senior Indebtedness, whether outstanding at the date of this
Indenture or thereafter incurred.

      No provision of this Article shall prevent the occurrence of any default
or Event of Default hereunder.

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SECTION 1502.  PAYMENTS TO HOLDERS.

      No payment shall be made with respect to the principal of, or premium, if
any, or interest on the Securities (including, but not limited to, the
redemption price with respect to the Securities to be called for redemption in
accordance with Article 11 as provided in this Indenture), except payments and
distributions made by the Trustee as permitted by the first or second paragraph
of Section 1505, if:

          (i)   a default in the payment of principal, premium, interest, rent
      or other obligations due on any Designated Senior Indebtedness occurs and
      is continuing (or, in the case of Designated Senior Indebtedness for which
      there is a period of grace, in the event of such a default that continues
      beyond the period of grace, if any, specified in the instrument or lease
      evidencing such Designated Senior Indebtedness), unless and until such
      default shall have been cured or waived or shall have ceased to exist; or

          (ii)  a default, other than a payment default, on a Designated Senior
      Indebtedness occurs and is continuing that then permits holders of such
      Designated Senior Indebtedness to accelerate its maturity and the Trustee
      receives a notice of the default (a "Payment Blockage Notice") from a
      Representative or holder of Designated Senior Indebtedness or the Company.

      If the Trustee receives any Payment Blockage Notice pursuant to clause
(ii) above, no subsequent Payment Blockage Notice shall be effective for
purposes of this Section unless and until at least 365 days shall have elapsed
since the initial effectiveness of the immediately prior Payment Blockage
Notice. No nonpayment default that existed or was continuing on the date of
delivery of any Payment Blockage Notice to the Trustee (unless such default was
waived, cured or otherwise ceased to exist and thereafter subsequently
reoccurred) shall be, or be made, the basis for a subsequent Payment Blockage
Notice.

      The Company may and shall resume payments on and distributions in respect
of the Securities upon the earlier of:

          (1)   the date upon which the default is cured or waived or ceases to
      exist, or

          (2)   in the case of a default referred to in clause (ii) above, 179
      days pass after notice is received if the maturity of such Designated
      Senior Indebtedness has not been accelerated, unless this Article
      otherwise prohibits the payment or distribution at the time of such
      payment or distribution.

      Upon any payment by the Company, or distribution of assets of the Company
of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities, to creditors
upon any dissolution or winding-up or liquidation or reorganization of the
Company (whether voluntary or involuntary) or in bankruptcy, insolvency,
receivership or similar proceedings, all amounts due or to become due upon all
Senior Indebtedness shall first be paid in full in cash before any payment of
cash, property or securities is made on account of the principal of, premium, if
any, or interest on the Securities (except payments made pursuant to Article 4
from monies deposited with the Trustee pursuant thereto prior to commencement of
proceedings for such dissolution, winding-up, liquidation or reorganization);
and upon any such dissolution or winding-up or liquidation or

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reorganization of the Company or bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or other
proceeding, any payment by the Company, or distribution of assets of the Company
of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities, to which the
Holders of the Securities or the Trustee would be entitled, except for the
provision of this Article, shall (except as aforesaid) be paid by the Company or
by any receiver, trustee in bankruptcy, liquidating trustee, agent or other
Person making such payment or distribution, or by the Holders of the Securities
or by the Trustee under this Indenture if received by them or it, directly to
the holders of Senior Indebtedness (pro rata to such holders on the basis of the
respective amounts of Senior Indebtedness held by such holders, or as otherwise
required by law or a court order) or their representative or representatives, or
to the trustee or trustees under any indenture pursuant to which any instruments
evidencing any Senior Indebtedness may have been issued, as their respective
interests may appear, to the extent necessary to pay all Senior Indebtedness in
full in cash after giving effect to any concurrent payment or distribution to or
for the holders of Senior Indebtedness, before any payment or distribution of
cash, property or securities is made to the Holders of the Securities or to the
Trustee.

      The consolidation of the Company with, or the merger of the Company into,
another corporation or the liquidation or dissolution of the Company following
the conveyance or transfer of its property as an entirety, or substantially as
an entirety, to another corporation upon the terms and conditions provided for
in Article 8 shall not be deemed a dissolution, winding-up, liquidation or
reorganization for the purposes of this Section if such other corporation shall,
as a part of such consolidation, merger, conveyance or transfer, comply with the
conditions stated in Article 8.

      In the event of the acceleration of the Securities because of an Event of
Default, no payment or distribution of cash, property or securities shall be
made to the Trustee or any Holder of Securities in respect of the principal of,
premium, if any, or interest on the Securities (including, but not limited to,
the redemption price with respect to the Securities called for redemption in
accordance with Article 11 as provided in this Indenture), except payments and
distributions made by the Trustee as permitted by the first or second paragraph
of Section 1505, until all Senior Indebtedness has been paid in full in cash or
such acceleration is rescinded in accordance with the terms of this Indenture.
If payment of the Securities is accelerated because of an Event of Default, the
Company shall promptly notify holders of Senior Indebtedness of such
acceleration.

      In the event that, notwithstanding the foregoing provisions, any payment
or distribution of assets of the Company of any kind or character, whether in
cash, property or securities (including, without limitation, by way of setoff or
otherwise), prohibited by the foregoing, shall

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be received by the Trustee or the Holders of the Securities before all Senior
Indebtedness is paid in full in cash, or provision is made for such payment
thereof in accordance with its terms in cash, such payment or distribution shall
be held in trust for the benefit of and shall be paid over or delivered to the
holders of Senior Indebtedness or their representative or representatives, or to
the trustee or trustees under any indenture pursuant to which any instruments
evidencing any Senior Indebtedness may have been issued, as their respective
interests may appear, as calculated by the Company, for application to the
payment of all Senior Indebtedness remaining unpaid to the extent necessary to
pay all Senior Indebtedness in full in cash, after giving effect to any
concurrent payment or distribution to or for the holders of such Senior
Indebtedness.

      Nothing in this Section 1502 shall apply to claims of, or payments to, the
Trustee under or pursuant to Section 607. This Section 1502 shall be subject to
the further provisions of Section 1505.

SECTION 1503.  SUBROGATION OF SECURITIES.

      Subject to the payment in full in cash or other payment satisfactory to
the holders of Senior Indebtedness of all Senior Indebtedness, the rights of the
Holders of the Securities shall be subrogated to the extent of the payments or
distributions made to the holders of such Senior Indebtedness pursuant to the
provisions of this Article (equally and ratably with the holders of all
indebtedness of the Company which by its express terms is subordinated to other
indebtedness of the Company to substantially the same extent as the Securities
are subordinated and is entitled to like rights of subrogation) to the rights of
the holders of Senior Indebtedness to receive payments or distributions of cash,
property or securities of the Company applicable to the Senior Indebtedness
until the principal, premium, if any, and interest on the Securities shall be
paid in full in cash or other payment satisfactory to the holders of Senior
Indebtedness; and, for the purposes of such subrogation, no payments or
distributions to the holders of the Senior Indebtedness of any cash, property or
securities to which the Holders of the Securities or the Trustee would be
entitled except for the provisions of this Article, and no payment over pursuant
to the provisions of this Article, to or for the benefit of the holders of
Senior Indebtedness by Holders of the Securities or the Trustee, shall, as
between the Company, its creditors other than holders of Senior Indebtedness,
and the Holders of the Securities, be deemed to be a payment by the Company to
or on account of the Senior Indebtedness; and no payments or distributions of
cash, property or securities to or for the benefit of the Holders of the
Securities pursuant to the subrogation provisions of this Article, which would
otherwise have been paid to the holders of Senior Indebtedness shall be deemed
to be a payment by the Company to or for the account of the Securities. It is
understood that the provisions of this Article are and are intended solely for
the purposes of defining the relative rights of the Holders of the Securities,
on the one hand, and the holders of the Senior Indebtedness, on the other hand.

      Nothing contained in this Article or elsewhere in this Indenture or in the
Securities is intended to or shall impair, as among the Company, its creditors
other than the holders of Senior Indebtedness, and the Holders of the
Securities, the obligation of the Company, which is absolute and unconditional,
to pay to the Holders of the Securities the principal of (and premium, if any)
and interest on the Securities as and when the same shall become due and payable
in accordance with their terms, or is intended to or shall affect the relative
rights of the Holders of the Securities and creditors of the Company other than
the holders of the Senior Indebtedness, nor shall

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anything herein or therein prevent the Trustee or the Holder of any Security
from exercising all remedies otherwise permitted by applicable law upon default
under this Indenture, subject to the rights, if any, under this Article of the
holders of Senior Indebtedness in respect of cash, property or securities of the
Company received upon the exercise of any such remedy.

      Upon any payment or distribution of assets of the Company referred to in
this Article, the Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 601, and the
Holders of the Securities shall be entitled to rely upon any order or decree
made by any court of competent jurisdiction in which such bankruptcy,
dissolution, winding-up, liquidation or reorganization proceedings are pending,
or a certificate of the receiver, trustee in bankruptcy, liquidating trustee,
agent or other person making such payment or distribution, delivered to the
Trustee or to the Holders of the Securities, for the purpose of ascertaining the
persons entitled to participate in such distribution, the holders of the Senior
Indebtedness and other indebtedness of the Company, the amount thereof or
payable thereon and all other facts pertinent thereto or to this Article.

SECTION 1504.  AUTHORIZATION TO EFFECT SUBORDINATION.

      Each Holder of a Security by the Holder's acceptance thereof authorizes
and directs the Trustee on the Holder's behalf to take such action as may be
necessary or appropriate to effectuate the subordination as provided in this
Article and appoints the Trustee to act as the Holder's attorney-in-fact for any
and all such purposes. If the Trustee does not file a proper proof of claim or
proof of debt in the form required in any proceeding referred to in Section 503
hereof at least 30 days before the expiration of the time to file such claim,
the holders of any Senior Indebtedness or their representatives are hereby
authorized to file an appropriate claim for and on behalf of the Holders of the
Securities.

SECTION 1505.  NOTICE TO TRUSTEE.

      The Company shall give prompt written notice in the form of an Officers'
Certificate to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee and to any Paying Agent of
any fact known to the Company which would prohibit the making of any payment of
monies to or by the Trustee or any Paying Agent in respect of the Securities
pursuant to the provisions of this Article. Notwithstanding the provisions of
this Article or any other provision of this Indenture, the Trustee shall not be
charged with knowledge of the existence of any facts which would prohibit the
making of any payment of monies to or by the Trustee in respect of the
Securities pursuant to the provisions of this Article, unless and until a
Responsible Officer of the Trustee shall have received written notice thereof at
the Corporate Trust Office from the Company (in the form of an Officers'
Certificate) or a Representative or a Holder or Holders of Senior Indebtedness
or from any trustee thereof; and before the receipt of any such written notice,
the Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 601, shall be entitled in all
respects to assume that no such facts exist; provided that if on a date not
fewer than one Business Day prior to the date upon which by the terms hereof any
such monies may become payable for any purpose (including, without limitation,
the payment of the principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on any
Security) the Trustee shall not have received, with respect to such monies, the
notice provided for in this Section 1605, then, anything herein contained to the
contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall have full power and authority to
receive such monies and to apply the same to the purpose for which they were
received, and shall not be affected by any notice to the contrary which may be
received by it on or after such prior

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date. Notwithstanding anything in this Article to the contrary, nothing shall
prevent any payment by the Trustee to the Holders of monies deposited with it
pursuant to Section 401, and any such payment shall not be subject to the
provisions of Section 1501 or 1502.

      The Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 601, shall be entitled
to rely on the delivery to it of a written notice by a Representative or a
person representing himself to be a holder of Senior Indebtedness (or a trustee
on behalf of such holder) to establish that such notice has been given by a
Representative or a holder of Senior Indebtedness or a trustee on behalf of any
such holder or holders. In the event that the Trustee determines in good faith
that further evidence is required with respect to the right of any person as a
holder of Senior Indebtedness to participate in any payment or distribution
pursuant to this Article, the Trustee may request such Person to furnish
evidence to the reasonable satisfaction of the Trustee as to the amount of
Senior Indebtedness held by such Person, the extent to which such Person is
entitled to participate in such payment or distribution and any other facts
pertinent to the rights of such Person under this Article, and if such evidence
is not furnished the Trustee may defer any payment to such Person pending
judicial determination as to the right of such Person to receive such payment.

SECTION 1506.  TRUSTEE'S RELATION TO SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS.

      The Trustee in its individual capacity shall be entitled to all the rights
set forth in this Article in respect of any Senior Indebtedness at any time held
by it, to the same extent as any other holder of Senior Indebtedness, and
nothing in Section 613 or elsewhere in this Indenture shall deprive the Trustee
of any of its rights as such holder.

      With respect to the holders of Senior Indebtedness, the Trustee undertakes
to perform or to observe only such of its covenants and obligations as are
specifically set forth in this Article, and no implied covenants or obligations
with respect to the holders of Senior Indebtedness shall be read into this
Indenture against the Trustee. The Trustee shall not be deemed to owe any
fiduciary duty to the holders of Senior Indebtedness and, subject to the
provisions of Section 601, the Trustee shall not be liable to any holder of
Senior Indebtedness if it shall pay over or deliver to Holders of Securities,
the Company or any other person money or assets to which any holder of Senior
Indebtedness shall be entitled by virtue of this Article or otherwise.

SECTION 1507.  NO IMPAIRMENT OF SUBORDINATION.

      No right of any present or future holder of any Senior Indebtedness to
enforce subordination as herein provided shall at any time in any way be
prejudiced or impaired by any act or failure to act on the part of the Company
or by any act or failure to act, in good faith, by any such holder, or by any
noncompliance by the Company with the terms, provisions and covenants of this
Indenture, regardless of any knowledge thereof which any such holder may have or
otherwise be charged with.

SECTION 1508.  CERTAIN CONVERSIONS DEEMED PAYMENT.

      For the purposes of this Article only, (1) the issuance and delivery of
junior securities upon conversion of Securities in accordance with Article 14
shall not be deemed to constitute a payment or distribution on account of the
principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on

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Securities or on account of the purchase or other acquisition of Securities, and
(2) the payment, issuance or delivery of cash (except in satisfaction of
fractional shares pursuant to Section 1403), property or securities (other than
junior securities) upon conversion of a Security shall be deemed to constitute
payment on account of the principal of such Security. For the purposes of this
Section 1508, the term "junior securities" means (a) shares of any stock of any
class of the Company, or (b) securities of the Company which are subordinated in
right of payment to all Senior Indebtedness which may be outstanding at the time
of issuance or delivery of such securities to substantially the same extent as,
or to a greater extent than, the Securities are so subordinated as provided in
this Article. Nothing contained in this Article or elsewhere in this Indenture
or in the Securities is intended to or shall impair, as among the Company, its
creditors other than holders of Senior Indebtedness and the Holders, the right,
which is absolute and unconditional, of the Holder of any Security to convert
such Security in accordance with Article 14.

SECTION 1509.  ARTICLE APPLICABLE TO PAYING AGENTS.

      If at any time any Paying Agent other than the Trustee shall have been
appointed by the Company and be then acting hereunder, the term "Trustee" as
used in this Article shall (unless the context otherwise requires) be construed
as extending to and including such Paying Agent within its meaning as fully for
all intents and purposes as if such Paying Agent were named in this Article in
addition to or in place of the Trustee; provided, however, that the first
paragraph of Section 1505 shall not apply to the Company or any Affiliate of the
Company if it or such Affiliate acts as Paying Agent.

SECTION 1510.  SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS ENTITLED TO RELY.

      The holders of Senior Indebtedness (including, without limitation,
Designated Senior Indebtedness) shall have the right to rely upon this Article,
and no amendment or modification of the provisions contained herein shall
diminish the rights of such holders unless such holders shall have agreed in
writing thereto.

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      IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be
duly executed as of the day and year first above written.


                                      DDi CORP.


                                      By:_______________________________________
                                      Title:____________________________________


                                      ATTEST:

                                      THE STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY


                                      By:_______________________________________
                                      Title:____________________________________


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