LuJRi'Or APPEALS Hi'--

STATE OF V/ASHIKGTOP

20fif APR 21 AHI|:t»8

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

STATE OF WASHINGTON,

Respondent,

v.

DAVID SIONA SOLOMONA,

Appellant.

No. 70107-0-1

DIVISION ONE

UNPUBLISHED OPINION

FILED: April 21, 2014

Leach, J. — David Solomona pleaded guilty to three counts of domestic

violence felony violation of a court order and one count of domestic violence

witness tampering. At his sentencing hearing, Solomona moved pro se to

withdraw his guilty plea and dismiss his case, alleging that he received ineffective

assistance when his counsel failed to interview the State's witnesses. The trial

court denied both motions. In this appeal, Solomona contends that the court

violated his constitutional right to counsel by refusing to appoint new counsel to

investigate his claim of ineffective assistance. He also raises several new issues

in a statement of additional grounds. Because no constitutional violation

occurred, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying Solomona's

motions, and the additional issues he raises have no merit, we affirm.

Background

David Solomona was married to Carey Solomona, and they had two

children together. Solomona was twice convicted of violating a court order
No. 70107-0-1/2

prohibiting him from having any contact with Carey. In May 2011, the State

charged David Solomona with eight counts of domestic violence felony violation

of a court order and one count of tampering with a witness. A jury found

Solomona guilty of all nine counts. Solomona appealed on a single issue that the

State conceded: that the trial court improperly denied Solomona's pro se request

to reopen and testify after both parties had rested. This court reversed and

remanded for a new trial. In February 2013, Solomona's new trial began. In a

subsequent plea agreement, Solomona pleaded guilty to three counts of

domestic violence felony violation of a court order and one count of domestic

violence witness tampering.

At sentencing on February 15, 2013, Solomona filed two motions pro se.

Alleging ineffective assistance because counsel failed to interview the State's

witnesses, he moved to withdraw his guilty plea and to dismiss his case. The

trial court denied Solomona's motions. Solomona appeals, also raising several

new issues in a statement of additional grounds.

Analysis

Solomona contends that by refusing to appoint new counsel to investigate

his ineffective assistance claim, the trial court violated his constitutional right to

counsel. He claims his attorney "refused to assist him in presenting the motion to

withdraw the guilty plea" and helped the State by asserting his own effectiveness

in the face of Mr. Solomona's contention otherwise. This left Mr. Solomona pro

se, without the assistance of counsel.

-2-
No. 70107-0-1/3

Our federal and state constitutions each guarantee a defendant the right

to counsel at all critical stages of a criminal prosecution.1 A sentencing hearing

is a critical stage.2 We review a trial court's denial of a motion to withdraw a

guilty plea for an abuse ofdiscretion.3 Acourt abuses its discretion if it bases its

decision on untenable or manifestly unreasonable grounds.4 A trial court must

determine that a defendant made a plea of guilty "voluntarily, competently and

with an understanding of the nature of the charge and the consequences of the

plea."5 The court must allow a defendant to withdraw a guilty plea "whenever it

appears that the withdrawal is necessary to correct a manifest injustice."6 A

manifest injustice may arise where a defendant received ineffective assistance of

counsel.7 To establish a claim of ineffective assistance, Solomona must show (1)

that his counsel's conduct was deficient, i.e., that it fell below an objective

standard of reasonableness, and (2) that the deficient performance prejudiced

him: that there is a reasonable possibility that but for counsel's deficient

performance, the outcome of his trial would have been different.8 "There is a

1 U.S. Const, amends. VI &XIV; Wash. Const, art. I, § 22; CrR 3.1(b)(2);

Gideon v. Wainriqht. 372 U.S. 335, 344-45, 83 S. Ct. 792, 9 L. Ed. 2d 799

(1963); State v. Templeton, 148 Wn.2d 193, 208-09, 59 P.3d 632 (2002); State

ex. rel. Juckett v. Evergreen Dist. Court. 100 Wn.2d 824, 828, 675 P.2d 599

(1984); State v. Harell, 80 Wn. App. 802, 804, 911 P.2d 1034 (1996).

2 State v. Evervbodvtalksabout, 161 Wn.2d 702, 709, 166 P.3d 693

(2007).

3State v. Jamison. 105 Wn. App. 572, 589-90, 20 P.3d 1010 (2001).

4Jamison, 105 Wn. App. at 590.

5CrR 4.2(d).

6CrR 4.2(f).

7 State v. Wakefield. 130 Wn.2d 464, 472, 925 P.2d 183 (1996).

8 State v. Reichenbach, 153 Wn.2d 126, 130, 101 P.3d 80 (2004) (citing

State v. Thomas. 109 Wn.2d 222, 225-26, 743 P.2d 816 (1987)).
No. 70107-0-1/4

»g strong presumption that defense counsel's conduct is not deficient. Failure on

either prong of the test defeats an ineffective assistance ofcounsel claim.10

In his pro se motions, Solomona alleged that his counsel was ineffective

for not interviewing the State's witnesses. At the sentencing hearing, defense

counsel presented the motions and told the court,

It sounds like the basis and the basis that's included in the motions

is my not interviewing the State's witnesses in this case. Urn, you

know, I can certainly let the Court know, and the Court's well aware

that these are based largely on phone calls from the jail. Uh, the

two civilian witnesses would have been Mr. Solomona's ex-wife's

parents, who were coming from Montana. Uh, there was a prior

trial. There were trial transcripts, that kind of thing. And so I didn't

feel as though it was necessary to interview those witnesses.

Defense acknowledged the court's authority to appoint another attorney to

investigate Solomona's claim of ineffective assistance but opined that itwould be

more efficient to "allow[ ] Mr. Solomona to file and perhaps let the Court know his

views on the motions himself." The State requested that sentencing proceed

without delay. The court then addressed Solomona:

I accepted your plea and find that everything was done, uh, in pure

accordance with court rules. And I do not see that there is any

indicia of a manifest injustice, which is the only grounds by which

we would accept your withdrawal of a guilty plea. So that motion

has been denied and I'm ready to move forward with sentencing.

Solomona analogizes his case to State v. Harell.11 There, the defendant

had to proceed pro se at his plea withdrawal hearing after his counsel declined to

9 Reichenbach. 153 Wn.2d at 130 (citing State v. McFarland, 127 Wn.2d

322, 335, 899 P.2d 1251 (1995)).

10 Strickland v. Washington. 466 U.S. 668, 697, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed.

2d 674 (1984).

" 80 Wn. App. 802, 911 P.2d 1034 (1996).
No. 70107-0-1/5

assist him. This court held that Harell was denied his right to counsel at a critical

stage and remanded for a rehearing with new counsel.12 But Harell is

distinguishable. In that case, the trial court granted a hearing on the motion to

withdraw, where defense counsel affirmatively declined to assist Harell.13

Defense counsel then testified as a State's witness at the hearing, leaving Harell

unrepresented.14 Here, Solomona's counsel did not decline to assist him. He

presented Solomona's motions, noting they were pro se. Though he expressed

his opinion that interviewing the State's witnesses would not have advanced

Solomona's defense, counsel noted the court's authority to appoint new counsel

to investigate Solomona's claims. Counsel then asked the court to waive

nonmandatory fines and fees and clarified the terms of the no-contact order so

that Solomona could maintain visitation with his children. This was not

"abandonment" or "an antagonistic and adversarial position to his client."

Defense counsel's decision not to interview the State's witnesses was

reasonable. The charges were based on recorded phone calls from the jail, and

the defense had transcripts ofthe witnesses' testimony from Solomona's first trial

on the same charges. Nor does Solomona establish prejudice, either by showing

that but for his attorney's ineffectiveness, he would have demanded a trial, or by

showing that interviews with the State's witnesses would have resulted in a

different outcome.

12 Harell. 80 Wn. App. at 805.

13 Harell. 80 Wn. App. at 803.

14 Harell. 80 Wn. App. at 805.

-5-
No. 70107-0-1/6

"[A] trial court is not required to waste valuable court time on frivolous or

unjustified CrR 4.2 motions."15 Solomona does not show a manifest injustice

requiring the withdrawal of his guilty plea under CrR 4.2(f). Because Solomona's

allegations do not support an assignment of new counsel to investigate his

ineffective assistance claim, the trial court did not abuse its discretion by denying

his motions to withdraw his guilty plea and dismiss his case.

In a statement of additional grounds, Solomona raises four new issues.

First, he alleges that the record does not include sufficient evidence to prove the

two prior convictions that raised his current charges to felonies and increased his

offender score. Second, he contends that the prosecutor "[ajbused his power

when attempting to induce the Petitioner to waive his [ajppeal rights on an

unrelated case." Third, he accuses Detective Cynthia Sampson of "gross police

misconduct" for not preventing Solomona from violating the no-contact orderwith

repeated phone calls to Carey from jail but instead "letting the violations stack up

for [sjentencing entrapment and manipulation purposes." Finally, Solomona

alleges that his counsel was ineffective for not investigating whether Carey "felt

induced to not testify" in his harassment trial, maintaining that this would have

affected his decision whether to go to trial or accept a plea offer.

For sentencing purposes, the State must establish the defendant's

criminal history by a preponderance of the evidence.16 The best evidence of a

15 State v. Davis. 125 Wn. App. 59, 68, 104P.3d 11 (2004).

16 State v. Mendoza. 165 Wn.2d 913, 928-29, 205 P.3d 113 (2009).
No. 70107-0-1/7

prior conviction will "generally" be a certified copy of the judgment and

sentence.17 And a prosecutor's unsupported criminal history summary, without

more, will not establish the existence and validity of prior convictions.18 But

certified copies of court dockets, especially when presented together with other

government documents, such as a driver's license, are, "at the very least,

minimally reliable" to prove a prior conviction.19 Here, the prosecutor presented a

copy of the court dockets, which contained the case number, defendant's name

and identifying information, charges, date, statutory citation, and disposition. The

prosecutor also offered a certified copy of Solomona's driver's license. This

evidence had "some 'minimum indicia of reliability'" sufficient to meet the State's

burden.20 The trial court did not err in finding this evidence sufficient to establish

the existence and validity of Solomona's prior convictions for sentencing

purposes.

Solomona next alleges prosecutorial misconduct: "vindictive inducement

tactics during negotiations." Solomona refers to the prosecutor's offer to charge

Solomona with only two counts in this case if Solomona withdrew his appeal of a

separate robbery conviction.21 Solomona contends that by attempting to induce

him to drop his constitutional right of appeal on an unrelated conviction, the

17 Mendoza. 165 Wn.2d at 930.

18 State v. Hunlev. 175Wn.2d 901, 905, 287 P.3d 584(2012).

19 State v. Chandler. 158 Wn. App. 1, 7, 240 P.3d 159 (2010).

20 In re Pers. Restraint of Adolph. 170 Wn.2d 556, 569, 243 P.3d 540

(2010) (quoting State v. Ford. 137 Wn.2d 472, 480-81, 973 P.2d 452 (1999)).

21 The second option, which Solomona accepted, was to plead guilty to

four counts and "take his chances" on the robbery appeal.
No. 70107-0-1/8

prosecutor "abused his authority" and violated the Rules of Professional Conduct.

We disagree. All plea bargaining involves a defendant's waiver of certain

constitutional rights, and the right of appeal can be one of the rights waived.22

Solomona does not establish any misconduct by the prosecutor.

Solomona next argues that Detective Cynthia Sampson committed "gross

police misconduct" and unlawful "[sjentencing entrapment" by allowing him to

make numerous calls to Carey from jail, knowing that each call was a violation of

the no-contact order.23 This argument lacks merit. "The defense of entrapment

is not established by a showing only that law enforcement officials merely

afforded the actor an opportunity to commit a crime," even in cases where the

officials provided the opportunity through a ruse such as an undercover

operation.24 Here there was no ruse, and Solomona was not "lured or induced"

to commit crimes he otherwise had no intention to commit.25 His claim fails.

Finally, Solomona contends that defense counsel was ineffective for not

interviewing Carey to ask her "if she felt any inducement" to decline to testify in

Solomona's harassment trial. This claim also lacks merit. Solomona does not

show deficiency or prejudice from counsel's decision not to interview Carey.

22 State v. Lee. 132 Wn.2d 498, 506, 939 P.2d 1223 (1997); State v.

Perkins. 108 Wn.2d 212, 217, 737 P.2d 250 (1987).

53 Solomona made a total of 143 calls to Carey in violation of the court

order.

24 State v. Youde. 174 Wn. App. 873, 886, 301 P.3d 479 (2013).

25 Youde. 174 Wn. App. at 885.

-8-
No. 70107-0-1/9

Conclusion

Because no violation of Solomona's constitutional right to counsel

occurred, the trial court did not abuse its discretion by denying Solomona's

motions to withdraw his guilty plea, and the challenges Solomona raises in his

statement of additional grounds lack merit, we affirm.

WE CONCUR: