SEC Petition Evaluation Report

Petition SEC-00140 

Report Rev #: 0 Report Submittal Date: September 9, 2009

Subject Expert(s): Chris Miles, Riasp Medora, Joe Guido 

Site Expert(s): N/A 

Petition Administrative Summary 

Petition Under Evaluation 

Petition # Petition 

Type 

Petition 

Qualification Date 

DOE/AWE Facility Name 

SEC-00140 83.13 May 18, 2009 University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project 

Petitioner Class Definition 

Laboratory Technicians who worked in the University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project laboratory building 

at the University of Rochester in Rochester, New York, from September 1, 1943 through June 19, 1945. 

Class Evaluated by NIOSH 

All employees of the Department of Energy, its predecessor agencies, and its contractors and subcontractors 

who worked at the University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project in Rochester, New York, from September 1, 

1943 through October 30, 1971. 

NIOSH-Proposed Class(es) to be Added to the SEC 

All employees of the Department of Energy, its predecessor agencies, and its contractors and subcontractors 

who worked at the University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project in Rochester, New York, from September 1, 

1943 through October 30, 1971, for a number of work days aggregating at least 250 work days, occurring either 

solely under this employment or in combination with work days within the parameters established for one or 

more other classes of employees in the SEC. 

Related Petition Summary Information 

SEC Petition Tracking #(s) Petition Type DOE/AWE Facility Name Petition Status 

None 

Related Evaluation Report Information 

Report Title DOE/AWE Facility Name 

None 

ORAU Lead Technical Evaluator: Chris Miles ORAU Review Completed By: Dan Stempfley 

Peer Review Completed By: [Signature on file] 9/9/2009 

Lara Hughes Date 

SEC Petition Evaluation Reviewed By: [Signature on file] 9/9/2009 

J. W. Neton Date 

SEC Evaluation Approved By: [Signature on file] 9/14/2009 

Larry Elliott Date 
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Evaluation Report Summary: SEC-00140 

University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project 

This evaluation report by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 

addresses a class of employees proposed for addition to the Special Exposure Cohort (SEC) per the 

Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 

§ 7384 et seq. (EEOICPA) and 42 C.F.R. pt. 83, Procedures for Designating Classes of Employees as 

Members of the Special Exposure Cohort under the Energy Employees Occupational Illness 

Compensation Program Act of 2000. 

Petitioner-Requested Class Definition

Petition SEC-00140, qualified on May 18, 2009, requested that NIOSH consider the following class: 

Laboratory Technicians who worked in the University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project laboratory 

building at the University of Rochester in Rochester, New York, from September 1, 1943 through June 

19, 1945. 

Class Evaluated by NIOSH

Based on its preliminary research, NIOSH expanded and extended the petitioner-requested class. 

NIOSH evaluated the following class: All employees of the Department of Energy, its predecessor 

agencies, and its contractors and subcontractors who worked at the University of Rochester Atomic 

Energy Project in Rochester, New York, from September 1, 1943 through October 30, 1971.

The petitioner-requested class was expanded to include all workers because NIOSH found no basis for 

limiting the class to only Laboratory Technicians. Other potentially-exposed workers could have 

included, but may not have been limited to, Animal Caretakers, Guards, and Research Staff. 

Although work for the Manhattan Engineering District (MED) at the University of Rochester 

officially began in March 1943 with the appointment of Dr. Stafford Warren as civilian consultant to 

the District (URAEP, 1943-1968), NIOSH concurs with the petitioner’s start date of September 1, 

1943, because there is documented evidence that the facilities for Atomic Energy Project (AEP) work 

were not ready for occupancy until September 1; there is no evidence to suggest that any work for the 

MED involving radioactive materials or radiation-generating machines took place at the university 

prior to that date. 

The petitioner-requested class was also extended to include later years because, in addition to finding 

no evidence of personnel monitoring during the petitioner-proposed time period, NIOSH identified a 

lack of monitoring data (particularly internal monitoring data) for later years as well. The greatest 

potential cause of internal exposure at the University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project after 1951 

was activities associated with the Alpha Laboratory, which operated from 1952 until “mothballed” in 

1968. Alpha Lab gloveboxes and associated wastes were shipped from the AEP prior to October 30, 

1971; therefore, the period beyond that date has been reserved in this evaluation report pending further 

review of dose reconstruction feasibility and health endangerment determinations for that time period. 
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External radiation monitoring data are available from 1953 through 1986, the end of the covered 

period specified by the Department of Energy. The period evaluated in this report, September 1, 1943 

through October 30, 1971, includes all current claimants. NIOSH will prioritize the evaluation of the 

time period after October 30, 1971 if pertinent individual claims are submitted; currently, there are 

none. 

NIOSH-Proposed Class(es) to be Added to the SEC

Based on its full research of the class under evaluation, NIOSH has defined a single class of 

employees for which NIOSH cannot estimate radiation doses with sufficient accuracy. The NIOSHproposed class includes all employees of the Department of Energy, its predecessor agencies, and its 

contractors and subcontractors who worked at the University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project in 

Rochester, New York, from September 1, 1943 through October 30, 1971, for a number of work days 

aggregating at least 250 work days, occurring either solely under this employment or in combination 

with work days within the parameters established for one or more other classes of employees in the 

SEC. The class under evaluation was accepted (see Section 3.0 below) because internal monitoring 

data are very limited and insufficient for dose reconstruction purposes. 

 

Feasibility of Dose Reconstruction

Per EEOICPA and 42 C.F.R. § 83.13(c)(1), NIOSH has established that it does not have access to 

sufficient information to: (1) estimate the maximum radiation dose, for every type of cancer for which 

radiation doses are reconstructed, that could have been incurred in plausible circumstances by any 

member of the class; or (2) estimate radiation doses of members of the class more precisely than an 

estimate of maximum dose. Information available is not sufficient to document or estimate the 

maximum internal and external potential exposure to members of the evaluated class under plausible 

circumstances during the specified period. 

Health Endangerment Determination

Per EEOICPA and 42 C.F.R. § 83.13(c)(3), a health endangerment determination is required because 

NIOSH has determined that it does not have sufficient information to estimate dose for the members 

of the evaluated class. 

NIOSH did not identify any evidence supplied by the petitioners or from other resources that would 

establish that the proposed class was exposed to radiation during a discrete incident likely to have 

involved exceptionally high-level exposures. However, evidence indicates that some workers in the 

proposed class may have accumulated substantial chronic exposures through episodic intakes of 

radionuclides, combined with external exposures to gamma, beta, and neutron radiation. 

Consequently, NIOSH has determined that health was endangered for those workers covered by this 

evaluation who were employed for at least 250 aggregated work days either solely under their 

employment or in combination with work days within the parameters established for other SEC 

classes (excluding aggregate work day requirements). 
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Table of Contents 

Evaluation Report Summary: SEC-00140 University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project.................. 3

1.0 Purpose and Scope.......................................................................................................................... 7

2.0 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 7

3.0 SEC-00140, University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project ....................................................... 8

3.1 Petitioner-Requested Class Definition and Basis.................................................................. 8

3.2 Class Evaluated by NIOSH ................................................................................................... 9

3.3 NIOSH-Proposed Class(es) to be Added to the SEC ............................................................ 9

4.0 Data Sources Reviewed by NIOSH to Evaluate the Class........................................................... 10

4.1 Site Profile Technical Basis Documents (TBDs) ................................................................ 10

4.2 ORAU Technical Information Bulletins (OTIBs)............................................................... 11

4.3 Facility Employees and Experts .......................................................................................... 11

4.4 Previous Dose Reconstructions ........................................................................................... 12

4.5 NIOSH Site Research Database .......................................................................................... 12

5.0 Radiological Operations Relevant to the Class Evaluated by NIOSH ......................................... 13

5.1 University of Rochester AEP Plant and Process Descriptions............................................ 13

5.2 Radiological Exposure Sources from AEP Operations....................................................... 16

5.2.1 Internal Radiological Exposure Sources from AEP Operations.............................. 17

5.2.2 External Radiological Exposure Sources from AEP Operations ............................ 19

5.2.2.1 Photon....................................................................................................... 19

5.2.2.2 Beta........................................................................................................... 19

5.2.2.3 Neutron..................................................................................................... 20

6.0 Summary of Available Monitoring Data for the Class Evaluated by NIOSH ............................. 20

6.1 Available University of Rochester AEP Internal Monitoring Data..................................... 20

6.2 Available University of Rochester AEP External Monitoring Data ................................... 21

7.0 Feasibility of Dose Reconstruction for the Class Evaluated by NIOSH ...................................... 26

7.1 Pedigree of University of Rochester AEP Data .................................................................. 26

7.1.1 Internal Monitoring Data Pedigree Review............................................................. 27

7.1.2 External Monitoring Data Pedigree Review............................................................ 27

7.2 Evaluation of Bounding Internal Radiation Doses at the AEP............................................ 27

7.2.1 Evaluation of Bounding Process-Related Internal Doses........................................ 27

7.2.2 Evaluation of Bounding Ambient Environmental Internal Doses........................... 28

7.2.3 Methods for Bounding Internal Dose at University of Rochester AEP .................. 28

7.2.4 Internal Dose Reconstruction Feasibility Conclusion ............................................. 28

7.3 Evaluation of Bounding External Radiation Doses at the AEP .......................................... 28

7.3.1 Evaluation of Bounding Operations-Related External Doses ................................. 28

7.3.2 Evaluation of Bounding Ambient Environmental External Doses.......................... 29

7.3.3 AEP Occupational X-Ray Examinations................................................................. 29

7.3.4 Methods for Bounding External Dose at University of Rochester AEP ................. 29
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7.3.5 External Dose Reconstruction Feasibility Conclusion............................................ 29

7.4 Evaluation of Petition Basis for SEC-00140 ....................................................................... 29

7.5 Summary of Feasibility Findings for Petition SEC-00140.................................................. 30

8.0 Evaluation of Health Endangerment for Petition SEC-00140...................................................... 31

9.0 Class Conclusion for Petition SEC-00140 ................................................................................... 31

10.0 References .................................................................................................................................... 33

Attachment 1: Data Capture Synopsis................................................................................................... 37

Figure 

5-1: University of Rochester AEP Alpha Lab Floor Plan ..................................................................... 16

Tables 

4-1: No. of AEP Claims Submitted Under the Dose Reconstruction Rule ........................................... 12

5-1: Potential Sources of Internal Exposure from AEP Operations...................................................... 17

6-1: Available Internal Monitoring Data (1943 to 1971)...................................................................... 21

6-2: Available External Monitoring Data (1947 to 1971)..................................................................... 22

7-1: Summary of Feasibility Findings for SEC-00140.......................................................................... 30
SEC-00140 09-09-09 FINAL University of Rochester AEP

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SEC Petition Evaluation Report for SEC-00140

ATTRIBUTION AND ANNOTATION: This is a single-author document. All conclusions drawn from 

the data presented in this evaluation were made by the ORAU Team Lead Technical Evaluator: Chris 

Miles, Quantaflux, LLC. These conclusions were peer-reviewed by the individuals listed on the cover 

page. The rationales for all conclusions in this document are explained in the associated text.

1.0 Purpose and Scope 

This report evaluates the feasibility of reconstructing doses for all employees of the Department of 

Energy, its predecessor agencies, and its contractors and subcontractors who worked at the University 

of Rochester Atomic Energy Project in Rochester, New York, from September 1, 1943 through 

October 30, 1971. It provides information and analyses germane to considering a petition for adding a 

class of employees to the congressionally-created SEC. 

This report does not make any determinations concerning the feasibility of dose reconstruction that 

necessarily apply to any individual energy employee who might require a dose reconstruction from 

NIOSH. This report also does not contain the final determination as to whether the proposed class 

will be added to the SEC (see Section 2.0). 

This evaluation was conducted in accordance with the requirements of EEOICPA, 42 C.F.R. pt. 83, 

and the guidance contained in the Office of Compensation Analysis and Support’s (OCAS) Internal 

Procedures for the Evaluation of Special Exposure Cohort Petitions, OCAS-PR-004. 

2.0 Introduction 

Both EEOICPA and 42 C.F.R. pt. 83 require NIOSH to evaluate qualified petitions requesting that the 

Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) add a class of employees to the SEC. The 

evaluation is intended to provide a fair, science-based determination of whether it is feasible to 

estimate with sufficient accuracy the radiation doses of the class of employees through NIOSH dose 

reconstructions.1

 

42 C.F.R. § 83.13(c)(1) states: Radiation doses can be estimated with sufficient accuracy if NIOSH 

has established that it has access to sufficient information to estimate the maximum radiation dose, 

for every type of cancer for which radiation doses are reconstructed, that could have been incurred in 

plausible circumstances by any member of the class, or if NIOSH has established that it has access to 

sufficient information to estimate the radiation doses of members of the class more precisely than an 

estimate of the maximum radiation dose.

 

Under 42 C.F.R. § 83.13(c)(3), if it is not feasible to estimate with sufficient accuracy radiation doses 

for members of the class, then NIOSH must determine that there is a reasonable likelihood that such 

radiation doses may have endangered the health of members of the class The regulation requires 

NIOSH to assume that any duration of unprotected exposure may have endangered the health of 

 

1

 NIOSH dose reconstructions under EEOICPA are performed using the methods promulgated under 42 C.F.R. pt. 82 and 

the detailed implementation guidelines available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas. 
SEC-00140 09-09-09 FINAL University of Rochester AEP

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members of a class when it has been established that the class may have been exposed to radiation 

during a discrete incident likely to have involved levels of exposure similarly high to those occurring 

during nuclear criticality incidents. If the occurrence of such an exceptionally high-level exposure has 

not been established, then NIOSH is required to specify that health was endangered for those workers 

who were employed for at least 250 aggregated work days within the parameters established for the 

class or in combination with work days within the parameters established for other SEC classes 

(excluding aggregate work day requirements). 

NIOSH is required to document its evaluation in a report, and to do so, relies upon both its own dose 

reconstruction expertise as well as technical support from its contractor, Oak Ridge Associated 

Universities (ORAU). Once completed, NIOSH provides the report to both the petitioner(s) and to the 

Advisory Board on Radiation and Worker Health (Board). The Board will consider the NIOSH 

evaluation report, together with the petition, petitioner(s) comments, and other information the Board 

considers appropriate, in order to make recommendations to the Secretary of HHS on whether or not 

to add one or more classes of employees to the SEC. Once NIOSH has received and considered the 

advice of the Board, the Director of NIOSH will propose a decision on behalf of HHS. The Secretary 

of HHS will make the final decision, taking into account the NIOSH evaluation, the advice of the 

Board, and the proposed decision issued by NIOSH. As part of this decision process, petitioners may 

seek a review of certain types of final decisions issued by the Secretary of HHS.2

 

3.0 SEC-00140, University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project 

The following subsections address the evolution of the class definition for SEC-00140, University of 

Rochester Atomic Energy Project (AEP). When a petition is submitted, the requested class definition 

is reviewed as submitted. Based on its review of the available site information and data, NIOSH will 

make a determination whether to qualify for full evaluation all, some, or no part of the petitionerproposed class. If some portion of the petitioner-proposed class is qualified, NIOSH will specify that 

class along with a justification for any modification of petitioner’s class. After a full evaluation of the 

qualified class, NIOSH will determine whether to propose a class for addition to the SEC and will 

specify that proposed class definition. 

3.1 Petitioner-Requested Class Definition and Basis 

Petition SEC-00140, qualified on May 18, 2009, requested that NIOSH consider the following class 

for addition to the SEC: Laboratory Technicians who worked in the University of Rochester Atomic 

Energy Project laboratory building at the University of Rochester in Rochester, New York, from 

September 1, 1943 through June 19, 1945.

The petitioner provided information and affidavit statements in support of the petitioner’s basis that 

radiation exposures and radiation doses potentially incurred by members of the proposed class were 

not monitored either through personal monitoring or through area monitoring. NIOSH deemed the 

following affidavit statement sufficient to qualify SEC-00140 for evaluation: 

2

 See 42 C.F.R. pt. 83 for a full description of the procedures summarized here. Additional internal procedures are 

available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas. 
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“To the best of my knowledge I was never monitored for radiation exposure for my work in the 

radiation area.” (Affidavit, 2009) 

Based on its AEP research and data capture efforts, NIOSH determined that internal and external 

monitoring records are not complete for all time periods or for all radionuclides. The information and 

statements provided by the petitioner qualified the petition for further consideration by NIOSH, the 

Board, and HHS. 

3.2 Class Evaluated by NIOSH 

Based on its preliminary research, NIOSH expanded and extended the petitioner-proposed class. The 

petitioner-requested class was expanded to include all workers because NIOSH found no basis for 

limiting the class to only Laboratory Technicians. Other potentially-exposed workers could have 

included Animal Caretakers, Guards, and Research Staff. Although MED work at the University of 

Rochester officially began in March 1943 with the appointment of Dr. Stafford Warren as civilian 

consultant to the District (URAEP, 1943-1968), NIOSH concurs with the petitioner’s start date of 

September 1, 1943, because there is documented evidence that AEP facilities were not ready for 

occupancy until September 1; there is no evidence to suggest that any work for the MED involving 

radioactive materials or radiation-generating machines took place at the university prior to that date. 

This petition was qualified based on the petitioner’s belief that there was a lack of personnel 

monitoring. The petitioner-requested class was also extended to include later years because, in 

addition to finding no evidence of personnel monitoring during the petitioner-proposed time period, 

NIOSH identified a lack of monitoring data (particularly internal monitoring data) for later years as 

well. The greatest potential cause of internal exposure at the University of Rochester Atomic Energy 

Project (AEP) after 1951 was activities associated with the Alpha Laboratory, which operated from 

1952 until “mothballed” in 1968. Alpha Lab gloveboxes and associated wastes were shipped from the 

AEP prior to October 30, 1971; therefore, the period beyond that date has been reserved in this 

evaluation report pending further review of dose reconstruction feasibility and health endangerment 

determinations for that time period. External radiation monitoring data are available from 1953 

through 1986, the end of the covered period specified by the Department of Energy. The period 

evaluated in this report, September 1, 1943 through October 30, 1971, includes all current claimants. 

NIOSH will prioritize the evaluation of the time period after October 30, 1971 if pertinent individual 

claims are submitted; currently, there are none. 

Therefore, NIOSH defined the following class for further evaluation: All employees of the 

Department of Energy, its predecessor agencies, and its contractors and subcontractors who worked at 

the University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project in Rochester, New York, from September 1, 1943 

through October 30, 1971. 

3.3 NIOSH-Proposed Class(es) to be Added to the SEC 

Based on its research of the class under evaluation, NIOSH has defined a single class of employees for 

which NIOSH cannot estimate radiation doses with sufficient accuracy. The NIOSH-proposed class 

to be added to the SEC includes all employees of the Department of Energy, its predecessor agencies, 

and its contractors and subcontractors who worked at the University of Rochester Atomic Energy 

Project in Rochester, New York, from September 1, 1943 through October 30, 1971, for a number of 
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work days aggregating at least 250 work days, occurring either solely under this employment or in 

combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more other classes of 

employees in the SEC. 

4.0 Data Sources Reviewed by NIOSH to Evaluate the Class 

As a standard practice, NIOSH completed an extensive database and Internet search for information 

regarding the University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project. The database search included the DOE 

Legacy Management Considered Sites database, the DOE Office of Scientific and Technical 

Information (OSTI) database, the Energy Citations database, the Atomic Energy Technical Report 

database, and the Hanford Declassified Document Retrieval System. In addition to general Internet 

searches, the NIOSH Internet search included OSTI OpenNet Advanced searches, OSTI Information 

Bridge Fielded searches, Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Agency-wide Documents Access 

and Management (ADAMS) web searches, the DOE Office of Human Radiation Experiments website, 

and the DOE-National Nuclear Security Administration-Nevada Site Office-search. In addition, 

finding aids for all relevant National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) facilities were 

reviewed for University of Rochester data and an exhaustive search was made of the University of 

Rochester holdings, including personnel and medical files. Attachment 1 summarizes NIOSH’s data 

capture efforts. The summary specifically identifies data capture details and general descriptions of 

the documents retrieved. 

In addition to the database and Internet searches listed above, NIOSH identified and reviewed 

numerous data sources to determine information relevant to determining the feasibility of dose 

reconstruction for the class of employees under evaluation. This included determining the availability 

of information on personal monitoring, area monitoring, industrial processes, and radiation source 

materials. The following subsections summarize the data sources identified and reviewed by NIOSH. 

4.1 Site Profile Technical Basis Documents (TBDs) 

A Site Profile provides specific information concerning the documentation of historical practices at 

the specified site. Dose reconstructors can use the Site Profile to evaluate internal and external 

dosimetry data for monitored and unmonitored workers, and to supplement, or substitute for, 

individual monitoring data. A Site Profile consists of an Introduction and five Technical Basis 

Documents (TBDs) that provide process history information, information on personal and area 

monitoring, radiation source descriptions, and references to primary documents relevant to the 

radiological operations at the site. The Site Profile for a small site may consist of a single document. 

No Site Profile or TBD has been written for the University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project. 
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4.2 ORAU Technical Information Bulletins (OTIBs) 

An ORAU Technical Information Bulletin (OTIB) is a general working document that provides 

guidance for preparing dose reconstructions at particular sites or categories of sites. NIOSH reviewed 

the following OTIB as part of its evaluation: 

 Dose Reconstruction from Occupationally Related Diagnostic X-ray Procedures, ORAUT-OTIB0006, Rev 03 PC-1; Oak Ridge Associated Universities; December 21, 2005; SRDB Ref ID: 

20220 

4.3 Facility Employees and Experts 

To obtain additional information, NIOSH interviewed six former AEP employees and two members 

of the current University of Rochester radiation safety staff, including the Radiation Safety Officer. 

All interviews were conducted by phone and attended by ORAU team and NIOSH staff. 

 Personal Communication, 2008a, Personal Communication with former Health Physicist; 

Telephone Interview by ORAU Team and NIOSH; June 17, 2008; SRDB Ref ID: 45530 

 Personal Communication, 2008b, Personal Communication with AEP former Graduate Student; 

Telephone Interview by ORAU Team and NIOSH; June 10, 2008; SRDB Ref ID: 45531

 Personal Communication, 2008c, Personal Communication with former Lab Technician; 

Telephone Interview by ORAU Team and NIOSH; June 9, 2008; SRDB Ref ID: 45533

 Personal Communication, 2008d, Personal Communication with former Chemist; Telephone 

Interview by ORAU Team and NIOSH; June 9, 2008; SRDB Ref ID: 45535

 Personal Communication, 2008e, Personal Communication with former Medical Researcher; 

Telephone Interview by ORAU Team and NIOSH; June 10, 2008; SRDB Ref ID: 45536

 Personal Communication, 2008f, Personal Communication with former Health Physicist; 

Telephone Interview by ORAU Team and NIOSH; June 9, 2008; SRDB Ref ID: 45538

 Personal Communication, 2008g, Personal Communication with current Radiation Safety staff 

(two individuals); Telephone Interview by ORAU Team and NIOSH; July 1, 2008; SRDB Ref ID: 

47123
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4.4 Previous Dose Reconstructions 

NIOSH reviewed its NIOSH OCAS Claims Tracking System (NOCTS) to locate EEOICPA-related 

dose reconstructions that might provide information relevant to the petition evaluation. Table 4-1 

summarizes the results of this review. (NOCTS data available as of August 12, 2009) 

Table 4-1: No. of AEP Claims Submitted Under the Dose Reconstruction Rule 

Description Totals 

Total number of claims submitted for dose reconstruction 7* 

Total number of claims submitted for energy employees who meet the definition criteria for the class 

under evaluation (September 1, 1943 through October 30, 1971). 6 

Number of dose reconstructions completed for energy employees who meet the definition criteria for 

the class under evaluation (i.e., the number of such claims completed by NIOSH and submitted to the 

Department of Labor for final approval). 1 

Number of claims for which internal dosimetry records were obtained for the identified years in the 

evaluated class definition 0 

Number of claims for which external dosimetry records were obtained for the identified years in the 

evaluated class definition 1 

* One of these seven claims, although covered by the class definition evaluated in this report, was pulled by the 

Department of Labor because the claimant qualified for an SEC class established for another site. 

NIOSH reviewed each claim to determine whether internal and/or external personal monitoring 

records could be obtained for the employee. External dose monitoring records were obtained for one 

claimant. Internal dose data were not obtained for any of the six claimants. 

4.5 NIOSH Site Research Database 

NIOSH also examined its Site Research Database (SRDB) to locate documents supporting the 

assessment of the evaluated class. There are 946 document entries in this database that were 

identified as pertaining to the University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project. Many of these entries 

consisted of multiple individual documents that pertained to the AEP. These documents were 

evaluated for their relevance to this petition. The documents include historical background on 

research conducted at the AEP; services provided by the AEP, including assessment of internal and 

external exposures at other Manhattan Engineer District (MED) projects; external monitoring data; 

radioactive material licenses; and reports and publications on the AEP’s on-going work. 
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5.0 Radiological Operations Relevant to the Class Evaluated by 

NIOSH 

The following subsections summarize both radiological operations at the University of Rochester AEP 

from September 1, 1943 to October 30, 1971 and the information available to NIOSH to characterize 

particular processes and radioactive source materials. From available sources NIOSH has gathered 

process and source descriptions, information regarding the identity and quantities of each radionuclide 

of concern, and information describing processes through which radiation exposures may have 

occurred and the physical environment in which they may have occurred. The information included 

within this evaluation report is intended only to be a summary of the available information. 

5.1 University of Rochester AEP Plant and Process Descriptions 

In 1943, the MED contracted with the University of Rochester to provide research, consultation, and 

other services on the health hazards expected to arise in the facilities contributing to the atomic bomb 

program. The University of Rochester was chosen because various staff members of the School of 

Medicine and Dentistry had previously studied the pathological effects of radiation and the use of 

radioisotopes in research. 

Dr. Stafford L. Warren of the University of Rochester was selected to head up the project. The two 

initial challenges facing Dr. Warren were: (1) outlining in detail a medical program for the MED; and 

(2) designing and erecting a building at Rochester in which a research group could be organized to 

investigate unexplored fields in medical research on the effects of radiation and other issues related to 

the development and production of the atomic bomb (Dowdy, 1945). Unless specified otherwise, the 

following information on buildings and their uses was drawn from University of Rochester Atomic 

Energy Project Scope of the Work (Scope of Work, 1959). 

Building plans were drawn for the B Wing of the Medical School Annex in May 1943; the building 

was ready for occupancy on September 1, 1943. The B Wing was built next to an existing building 

(the A Wing) that had been completed in January 1942. The existing two-story building housed a new 

million-volt X-ray machine, which was to be used for non-destructive evaluation of castings and other 

war-related equipment. In September 1943, a group of “50 or more” individuals moved into the new 

building. These individuals consisted of guards, animal caretakers, lab technicians, a telephone 

operator, office workers, and research staff. By 1945, the building housed 350 persons (Dowdy, 

1945). A 1959 historical document states that (at that time) the Project usually numbered between 

250 and 300 (Scope of Work, 1959). A 1968 document states that (at that time) the total personnel of 

the Department usually numbered about 340, including 260 full-time employees, 30 student assistants, 

and 50 other students and fellows. The academic staff, including 14 to 17 technical associates, usually 

numbered about 70. 

The Medical School Annex consisted of three wings (A, B, and C). Wing A (9700 ft2

), was 

constructed in 1942 by the University to house high-voltage X-ray equipment for testing castings for 

the Armed Forces. Wing B (originally 15,000 ft2

) and Wing C (originally 19,000 ft2), were built by 

the Manhattan Engineer District in 1943 and 1944. Education space, O Wing (53,000 ft2

), was built 

by the AEC as an addition to the Medical School in 1950.
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Many additions were built for the AEP effort. Additions to B Wing were: the Alpha Laboratory 

(second floor - 6,000 ft2

) in 1951; a third floor (5,200 ft2) in 1961; and a low-level counting facility 

(600 ft2) in 1964. In 1951, 900 ft2 were added to C Wing for flash burn studies. In 1961, a 

radioactive storage vault (200 ft2

) was constructed off the tunnel joining the Annex and the Medical 

School. All of these additions were built by the AEC. During 1965 and 1966, additions totaling 

50,000 ft2

 were added to the O Wing of the Medical School. The additions consisted of an 

underground radiation facility off the tunnel and an eight-story building (OO Wing) that adjoined O 

Wing and contained laboratories and lecture rooms. The total space occupied by the Department by 

January 1967 was approximately 160,000 sq. ft., exclusive of storage (URAEP, 1943-1968). 

Additional space was provided by other departments (e.g., Biology, Physics, Biochemistry and 

Radiology). (Scope of Work, 1959) 

On December 31, 1946, the Project was transferred to the jurisdiction of the newly-formed United 

States Atomic Energy Commission and placed under the supervision of its New York Operations 

Office. The effort was henceforth referred to as the Atomic Energy Project (AEP). Outside services 

to operating plants were gradually reduced as these responsibilities were assumed by the Health and 

Safety Laboratory of the New York Office. Of the Rochester Project’s original functions, only 

research and consultation remained. These efforts were later amplified by an educational program 

that got fully underway in 1950 when additional space was provided by the Commission. Although 

the project had been administered from its inception by the Medical School’s Radiology Department, 

the personnel in large part were not academic members of that department. Consequently, in January 

1948, a new pre-clinical department of Radiation Biology was formed to administer the Project. The 

department was divided into four divisions: Radiology and Biophysics, Radiation Chemistry and 

Toxicology, Medical, and Miscellaneous Research. Including those registering in 1967, there had 

been 799 graduate students in the Department from 1948 to 1968 (URAEP, 1943-1968). 

One responsibility of the AEP in the early days was the collection and analysis of periodic medical 

examination data on personnel involved in atomic energy production in plants across the nation. The 

AEP also advised these plants on how to protect their employees by: (1) determining tolerance 

standards for exposures to radiation and toxic chemicals; (2) developing instruments to measure 

exposure; (3) measuring radiation intensities and concentrations of toxic dust in plants; and (4) 

suggesting measures to make operations safer. Certain plants were surveyed periodically to determine 

radiation and other hazards, and recommendations were made for safe operation. Film badge and 

analytical services were provided for plant personnel. Research programs were established in two 

broad fields: the biological effects of external radiation, and the toxicity of radioactive and chemical 

materials (Scope of Work, 1959). 

Initial efforts focused on characterizing the biological effects of external X-ray or gamma ray 

exposure. The AEP relied heavily on controlled animal exposures for these studies. The X-ray 

machines were used to give daily radiation exposures to the animals. These studies were used to 

estimate the amount of exposure that could be safely tolerated by humans. The studies involved 

chronic exposures whereby animals were observed, sometimes for many years, for long-term effects. 

In other studies, animals were given lethal or near-lethal exposures to observe acute effects. 

Cyclotron neutrons were also used for these purposes (Dowdy, 1945). 

 
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Research was also conducted on internal deposition of radioactive materials. Airborne radioactive 

materials were of direct concern in most nuclear installations. They were of importance in weapons 

fallout, in the event of an accidental release of fission products from a power reactor, in the mining 

and processing of ores, in the chemical processing of nuclear fuels, and in laboratory or industrial 

processes involving radioactive materials. A program was instituted to study in detail the health 

hazards associated with such inhalation exposures. Among the radioactive materials studied or under 

study were isotopes of Ra, Pu, Po, U, Th, Rn, Be, Zr, In, P, Fe, Na, Ir, and Hg (Scope of Work, 1959). 

This work consisted primarily of inhalation studies involving various animals, although injection 

studies also were conducted. 

In addition, during the atomic weapons testing era, the University of Rochester did some work with 

fallout fission products. The work involved the long-term effects of external radiation and ingestion 

of fallout radionuclides such as Sr-90 (Stannard, 1988). 

From such observations, safe exposure levels could be ascertained for personnel working in all types 

of industrial, experimental, and biomedical operations. According to a 1945 document, since 

September 1943, 200 monkeys, 675 dogs, 20,000 rats, 277,400 mice, 100 hamsters, and 1200 rabbits 

were studied (Dowdy, 1945). A later study used about 500,000 mice to determine the rate of 

dominant mutations as a function of dose (URAEP, 1943-1968). Sacrificed animals were often 

incinerated in the on-site incinerator. 

The Alpha Laboratory

The Alpha Laboratory in the Medical School Annex, which began operating in 1952, provided 

facilities for studying the radiotoxicology of uranium, Ra-226, Rn-222, Po-210, Pu-238, Pu-239, and 

other radionuclides. Located on the second floor of the B-Wing of the Annex, the facility was 

designed for handling aerosols of radioactive materials of higher specific activity than uranium, and 

for protecting investigators from the hazards of working with these radionuclides (Wilson, 1979). 

The laboratory was a service facility meant to accommodate a variety of experiments simultaneously 

or in tandem, as needed. The facility was designed like a hot cell facility with dry glove boxes that 

were often built to order for the work at hand. The facility was divided into zones based on the level 

of chemical and radiological materials in use in those areas. The facility was designed to separate 

“clean” [white], “low risk” [green], and “high risk” [red] areas. Entry into the “red zone” was through 

a change room, while entry into the “green zone” was through a monitoring station. There was a 

small space available in the red area for storage of animals with significant body burdens and 

associated support facilities. The glove boxes were connected to the red areas, but could be operated 

from the green areas. The basic construction was wood, plywood, and plastic, which could be easily 

cleaned or replaced (Wilson, 1955). 

The ventilation system was designed to minimize the loss of radioactive materials from the glove 

boxes. This was accomplished by maintaining the glove boxes at a negative pressure; the airflow was 

always from the low-risk to high-risk areas. The air was exhausted through a stack after passing 

through a “Cambridge Absolute Filter” and being monitored by a continuous stack monitor. To 

ensure the maintenance of proper airflow and pressure gradients, a back-up system was in place that 

was brought into operation by pressure-sensitive sensors. There was also a back-up generator in case 

of power failure (Wilson, 1955). 
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Each worker entering the red zone was required to dress in protective clothing and use a selfcontained breathing apparatus. Personnel accessing the dry boxes from the green zone did so using 

neoprene gloves that provided high-tactile sensitivity without compromising integrity. The floor plan 

for this facility is seen in Figure 5-1. More details about the design of this facility can be found in the 

report Physical Plant for a Radioactive Inhalation Laboratory (Wilson, 1955). 

The facility was used primarily for work with polonium and plutonium. The radon experiment was 

separate, but used some of the same components (Stannard, 1988). 

Figure 5-1: University of Rochester AEP Alpha Lab Floor Plan 

The Alpha Lab was “mothballed” in October 1968 (Status Report, 1968). In December 1969, a work 

plan for Alpha Lab decontamination was developed. Residual contamination inventories were 

estimated at 16 Ci Pu-238, 1 mCi Pu-239, 1 gram Th-228, and 50 mCi Po-208 (Specifications, 1969). 

In 1971, all Alpha Lab glove boxes were removed and disposed of except for the radium box which 

served as the radon source for studies with that gas (Wilson, 1979). The total radioactivity was 

estimated at that time to be 20 Ci, with the principle radionuclide being Pu-238 and minor 

contributions listed as Pu-239, U-235, Ra-226, and Th-228 (Glove Boxes, 1971). 
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5.2 Radiological Exposure Sources from AEP Operations 

The following subsections provide an overview of the internal and external exposure sources for the 

University of Rochester AEP class under evaluation. 

5.2.1 Internal Radiological Exposure Sources from AEP Operations 

There were numerous potential internal exposure sources from AEP operations, the majority of which 

were associated with the inhalation studies that took place at the facility, especially operations 

conducted in the Alpha Lab after its construction. Table 5-1 contains an incomplete summary of 

radioactive materials that were handled, potentially handled, or mentioned in some fashion in various 

documents associated with University of Rochester AEP operations. 

Table 5-1: Potential Sources of Internal Exposure from AEP Operations 

(This table spans three pages) 

Year Inventory/Information SRDB Ref ID 

1943 

1944 Request for 25 lbs. of material CAK-4 and 25 grams of TCl3 (These are believed to be 

uranium-containing materials) 32185 

1945 

1946 Letter requesting 10 mCi of Po-210 30760 

1947 

1948 Order for thorium compounds, including 50 lbs. thorium fluoride, 50 lbs. thorium oxalate, 1 lb. 

thorium metal, and 50 lbs. thorium dioxide 32179 

1949 Receipt logs for I-131(curie quantities), Au-198, Ca-45, Be-7, Fe-59, Na-24, P-32, C-14, 

Co-60, Ba-140, and others 51924 

Request for five 3-foot uranium rods, 1/8 inch diameter 32176 

1950 Receipt logs for I-131, Na-24, P-32, S-35, C-14, Be-7, Zr-95, polonium, Y-91, Be-9, Ca-45, 

Cs-137, and Fe-59 51924 

1951 Receipt logs for I-131(curie quantities), Au-198, Ca-45, Be-7, Fe-59, Na-24, P-32, C-14, 

Co-60, Ba-140, and others 51924 

1952 Receipt logs for I-131(curie quantities), Au-198, Ca-45, Be-7, Fe-59, Na-24, P-32, C-14, 

Co-60, Ba-140, and others 51924 

1953 Receipt logs for I-131(curie quantities), Au-198, Ca-45, Be-7, Fe-59, Na-24, P-32, C-14, 

Co-60, Ba-140, and others 51924 

1954 From July through December, 600 mCi I-131 and 90 mCi P-32 delivered to AEP 51978 

1955 

Request to add 150 mCi Po-210 nitrate or chloride to AEC Byproduct Material License 51932 

AEC Byproduct Material License: One curie of any material between atomic numbers 3 

through 83, in any form 51935 

AEC license: 100 mCi Th-234 52060 

Five-year nuclear material forecast estimates using 100 mCi per year of Pu-239; no projected 

use of U-233 52488 

50 mg Pu from Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) for inhalation program; 50 mCi Po210 from Mound 52492 

1956 

100 mg radium, 31 mCi polonium nitrate, Cm-244 source of unknown activity or form 52489 
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Table 5-1: Potential Sources of Internal Exposure from AEP Operations 

(This table spans three pages) 

Year Inventory/Information SRDB Ref ID 

AEC license: 110 mCi Na-24 51989 

25 Ci tritium procurement limit 51994 

1 mCi Th-234 prepared at ORNL for AEP 52477 1957 

98 mg U-233 from Y-12 52493 

Request to increase possession limit of Po-210 from 150 mCi to 1 Ci since higher-level animal 

exposures will soon be started 51988 

Increase Hg-203 limit to 2 Ci 51991 

2500 kg nat U 51993 

AEC license: 1 Ci Po-210, 25 Ci H-3 51991 

Monthly inventories: 67 lbs UO2, 540 g thorium nitrate, 2321 g thorium dioxide, 23 lbs 

uranium nitrate 52095 

1958 

Mass balance report: 100 kg normal U, 73 g Pu, 50 g U-233, 65 kg thorium 52131 

U of R waste shipment data sheet lists 60 mCi Sr-90, 10+ mCi Pb-210, and much smaller 

quantities of Ra-226, Po-210, UO2, and Na-22 51904 

1959 Monthly inventories: 67 lbs UO2, 540 g thorium nitrate, 2321 g thorium dioxide, 23 lbs 

uranium nitrate 52009 

Request to AEC to incinerate 60 mCi I-131, 4.5 mCi C-14, 3 mCi P-32, microcuries of others 52063 1960 Material balance reports: 85 kg normal U, 22 kg thorium, 75 g plutonium 52287 

Proposed incineration limits of 150 mCi I-131, 150 mCi H-3, 150 mCi C-14, 10 mCi of other 

isotopes except Sr-90 and alpha-emitters 51940 

1961 AEC Source Material License to include 2500 kg of natural uranium in the form of cylindrical 

slugs canned in aluminum 51945 

1962 1962 forecasts: Several pounds of UO2 to be used, 34 kg normal U projected for 1962, 2 g 

Pu-239 per quarter, 1 mCi Sr-90 to determine blood and bone uptakes in animals 52494 

1963 

NY Rad. Material License: 2500 kg nat. U slugs, 3.5 Ci I-131, 550 mCi P-32 soluble 

phosphate, 1.4 Ci Au-198 colloidal, 3 Ci of any byproduct material atomic number 3 through 

83, 34 Ci tritium, 1 Ci unsealed Po-210, 2.5 Ci Hg-203, 100 mCi Th-234 (51983); receipt of 2 

g Pu oxide 

52388 

1964 700 mCi Au-198 52114 

500 mCi each of Co-60 and Au-198 52113 

Source and/or Special Material inventories: 0.0239 g U-233, 0.9 g enriched UO2, 6 lbs depleted 

UO2, 6 lbs UO2, 2277 g ThO2, 22 lbs uranium nitrate. These monthly inventory sheets for 

1965 indicate no usage other than about 0.008 g U-233. 

52204 

1965 

2.7 mCi stock PuO2 (1.3 ml) in dry box, 0.5 mCi Pu-239 in Decon Room, 0.4 mCi Pu-239O2 in 

dry box in various dilutions, 0.5 mCi Pu-238 in Blower House, 16 Ci Pu-238O2 in dry box, 17 

Ci Pu-238O2 in inhalation chamber dry box 

52207 

1966 

D&D of Alpha Lab 30+ Ci Pu-238, personnel contamination incident described involving 

several individuals, positive nose swipes, elevated air contamination measured, area and object 

contamination exceeding 100,000 c/m long-lived alpha-emitter 

51985 

1967 

Zero forecast use of Pu-238, Pu-239, or U-233 for the year 52454 

Alpha lab mothballed 51709 

1968 Eleven glove boxes in Alpha Lab are described as being contaminated with radium, Po-210, 

Pu-238 (15 Ci), Th-228, and Pu-239 51709 

In work plan for Alpha Lab decontamination, residual inventory estimated at 16 Ci Pu-238, 1 

mCi Pu-239, 1 gram Th-228, and 50 mCi Po-208 51745 

1969 AEC letter talks about the loan of 20 mg U-236 and 20 mg Pu-242 in the form of targets used 

for reaction studies with the Van de Graaff accelerator 31858 
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Table 5-1: Potential Sources of Internal Exposure from AEP Operations 

(This table spans three pages) 

Year Inventory/Information SRDB Ref ID 

Radioactive material license application to add 30 Ci Kr-85 for inhalation studies 52158 1970 Zero forecast use of Pu-238, Pu-239, or U-233 for the year 52365 

Special shipping permit for transport of glove boxes estimates total activity at 20 Ci, with 

principal nuclide as Pu-238 and minor contributions from Pu-239, U-235, Ra-226, and Th-228; 

AEC material status report: 7 kg normal U, 72 g plutonium, 1.4 g Pu-238, and 2 kg thorium 

52347 

1971 

Zero forecast use of Pu-238, Pu-239, or U-233 for the year 52365 

5.2.2 External Radiological Exposure Sources from AEP Operations 

External radiation exposure sources at the AEP consisted of radiation-producing machines, such as Xray machines and accelerators, and a variety of radioactive materials. 

5.2.2.1 Photon

The sources of external radiation at the AEP included a number of radiation-generating devices and 

radiation sources. The project had assorted X-ray generating machines used for various medical and 

industrial applications. These included a million-volt X-ray machine, a General Electric 1000 kVp 

Industrial X-ray unit, two General Electric 300 kVp Maxitron Therapy units, a Picker Zephyr 

Superficial Therapy unit maximum 120 kVp, and two high-intensity 50 kVp X-ray units (Description 

of Facilities, 1971). 

The AEP also had two Co-60 irradiators. One was a J. L. Shepherd 6000 Ci unit designed for 

irradiating small samples. The second irradiator was a 10,000 Ci irradiator manufactured by ICN 

Corp. The unit had multiple sources consisting of three 30 Ci, three 300 Ci, and three 3000 Ci 

sources. In addition to the large fixed gamma sources, there were numerous smaller gamma sources 

used for assorted experiments and projects, including instrument calibration and checks (see Table 

5-1). A significant source of gamma exposure was radon progeny from the radon chamber in the 

Alpha Laboratory (Personnel Protection, 1955). 

5.2.2.2 Beta

Major potential sources of beta dose would have included the Pa-234m daughter of U-238. Uranium 

was used extensively at the AEP over the years. Another major source would have been P-32, which 

was also commonly used at the Project. There were numerous other radionuclides that likely 

contributed to beta dose to a lesser extent (see Table 5-1). 
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5.2.2.3 Neutron

The AEP machine-generated neutron sources were two cyclotrons (27” and 130”) and a Texas 

Nuclear Neutron Generator (DT) with a maximum output of 109

 n/s – 14 MeV neutrons (Description 

of Facilities, 1971; URAEP, 1943-1968). The project also used alpha/beryllium neutron sources (e.g., 

Pu-Be and Ra-Be) (Personal Communication, 2008a). 

6.0 Summary of Available Monitoring Data for the Class Evaluated 

by NIOSH 

The following subsections provide an overview of the state of the available internal and external 

monitoring data for the University of Rochester AEP class under evaluation. 

6.1 Available University of Rochester AEP Internal Monitoring Data 

Available internal monitoring data for the University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project is sparse. 

There are various internal monitoring datasets available covering different radionuclides for different 

time periods; however, the data are not sufficiently comprehensive to support bounding internal dose. 

Although documentation discusses a bioassay program for different radionuclides, the available 

bioassay data are limited and inadequate for making reasonable estimates of worker intakes. There 

are almost no available area monitoring data that could be used to bound internal dose. 

The existence of a program to monitor worker intakes is described in various memos and reports. The 

earliest available evidence of monitoring that would be useful in estimating internal dose is a 1944 

memo that includes the results from dust samples collected at the Bronson Avenue location in areas 

where feed was mixed with uranium. The results are reported in μg/m3 of X dust. The memo 

summarizes the results by saying they were slightly above the tolerance level of 150 μg/m3

. There is a 

1949 AEC New York Operations Office data report for uranium in urine that provides ten sample 

results determined by fluorimetry (in mg/l) (Urine Results, 1949). A 1952 letter from Dr. Love to Dr. 

Mermagen discusses the methods used by Brookhaven National Laboratory to analyze for Po in urine 

(Love, 1952). This method is further discussed in the AEP report, Polonium Urinalysis, which states 

that routine analysis of polonium began in January 1953 (Polonium Urinalysis, 1957). This report 

discusses the collection and analysis methods, the sampling frequency, and the types of individuals 

covered by this bioassay program. It also provides a summary of results for the period of January 1 to 

December 31, 1956. 

A detailed description of internal monitoring is provided in the 1955 AEP document, Personnel 

Protection in the Radioactive Inhalation Program (Personnel Protection, 1955). This report 

summarizes the radiation protection practices employed at the special laboratory (Alpha Lab) where 

inhalation-exposure studies used alpha- and beta-emitting isotopes. It specifies a maximum allowable 

airborne concentration of 5x10-12 μCi/ml for alpha emitters as well as the maximum airborne 

concentrations for different isotopes that would result in a dose of 0.3 rem/week to the critical organ. 

The report also discusses the requirements of the air sampling program, the urine analysis program, 

the hematological monitoring program, and the use of personal protective equipment. 
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A 1961 memo documents an air sample collected in the Hot Lab (Alpha Lab) in order to monitor for 

alpha and beta activity (Hot Lab, 1961). A 1970 memo discusses bioassay samples for individuals 

involved with the removal of glove boxes from the Alpha Lab. The memo lists the individuals who 

may be involved and the frequency and type of sampling needed (Pu Analyses, 1970). 

Table 6-1 summarizes the currently available internal dosimetry-related data. 

Table 6-1: Available Internal Monitoring Data (1943 to 1971) 

Sample Type Sample Date No of Samples Comment SRDB Ref ID 

Uranium in air March 1944 Six air samples Dust samples in Bronson Avenue 

Facility. 

5909 

Uranium in urine 1949 Five urine samples Single samples from five 

individuals. 

9249 

None 1952 

--- 

Letter from University of 

Rochester stating intent to start 

own bioassay program (Po-210 

and Pu in urine) and asking for 

method. 

53340 

Alpha Lab bioassay 

program description 

March 23,1955 

--- 

General information about 

bioassay for Alpha Lab. 

52208 

Polonium in urine 1957 92 urine samples 

(summary data only) 

Polonium method report states 

that Po-210 analyses started at 

University of Rochester in 1953. 

Report contains some summary 

data for 1956 (pdf p. 16); 92 

analyses done in 1956. 

31935 

Hot Lab air sample for 

alpha emitters 

June 22, 1961 One air sample Memo describing air sample. 52212 

I-131 analysis 1962 Seven urine samples Special reports for one person. 52213 

Plutonium bioassay 

request 

Sept. 1970 --- Request for baseline and then 

weekly 24-hr. samples from 15 

individuals removing glove boxes 

from the Alpha Lab. 

51716 

6.2 Available University of Rochester AEP External Monitoring Data 

Available external monitoring data for the University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project can be 

grouped in two general categories: (1) individual exposure data; and (2) summary data for a group or 

department covering a specific time period. 

The earliest external monitoring data are from 1947 and documented in a memo dated 1956 

(Exposures, 1956). The memo lists all whole-body radiation exposure for all personnel working at the 

University of Rochester, not just AEP personnel. The data are summarized by group and sorted into 

dose levels for the years 1947 to 1956. 
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There are some external monitoring data on Individual External Dose Cards for 1952, but the data are 

sparse (Dose Cards, various years). Individual external monitoring data for AEP employees are 

available starting in 1953. The available data for 1953 are just for the second quarter, including 

neutron data for the cyclotron personnel (Bausa, 1953; Exposures, 1953). Additional data for this 

time period may be on the External Exposure cards. 

Brookhaven National Lab (BNL) provided an external dosimetry service from 1953 to 1971. 

Dosimeters were exchanged bi-weekly until 1963, when the exchange became quarterly. Individual 

data are not available on the BNL forms for all time periods. Some of the data not recorded on the 

forms includes the second half of 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, and 1962. For 1961, data on the BNL 

forms are available for the first three quarters. The data not available on the forms for each monitoring 

period may be available on the External Dose Cards as an annual total (or a recorded less-than value). 

Annual dose summaries provided to regulators (AEC/DOE) are available from 1958 through the end 

of the covered period (1986). The data in these summaries are broken down by the number of 

individuals who had a dose in a certain range. Beginning in 1969, some Eberline dose reports are seen 

(see Table 6-2); however, there are no identifiers so the type of dosimetry data is unclear. 

Table 6-2 summarizes the currently available external dosimetry-related data. 

Table 6-2: Available External Monitoring Data (1947 to 1971) 

(This table spans four pages) 

Dates No of Persons / 

Pages of Data 

Frequency Comment SRDB Ref ID 

1947-1956 Annual summary data 

by division 

 NA Memo dated 10-15-56 summarizing 

exposure data by year and department. 

Does not contain individual data. 

52833 

1950-1960 121; handwritten 

logbook entries by 

name 

Bi-monthly 

external 

exposure 

records 

Handwritten logbook; hard to decipher; 

from all Univ. of Rochester departments 

58764 

03/1953 One page of 

beta/gamma and 

neutron badges (all 

visitor) 

Bi-Monthly Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) 

neutron badge service for Univ. of 

Rochester start-up (page of visitor badge 

readings) 

54047 

Apr to Jun 

1953 

Five pages of 

individual data with 

names 

Bi-monthly 

dose data 

BNL forms with film badge data for 

Univ. of Rochester 

54048 

Jun to Dec 

1954 

71 pages, by name; 

also visitor badges 

Bi-monthly 

dose data 

BNL forms with film badge data for 

Univ. of Rochester 

54049 

1954 71 pages of individual 

dose cards 

Dose cards From BNL; also includes 21 pages of 

University of Iowa data. 

53947 

Jul to Dec 

1954 

13 pages, by name, 

also visitor badges 

Bi-monthly 

dose data 

BNL forms with film badge data for 

Univ. of Rochester 

54051 

Jan to Dec 

1955 

107 pages, by name, 

also visitor badges 

Bi-monthly 

dose data 

BNL forms with film badge data for 

Univ. of Rochester 

54050 

Jan to Dec 

1955 

34 pages, by name, 

also visitor badges 

Bi-monthly 

dose data 

BNL forms labeled Rochester S.C. 

(Small Cyclotron); also some 

handwritten pages 

54052 

1956 Five pages Monthly Film badge for large cyclotron 52840 
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Table 6-2: Available External Monitoring Data (1947 to 1971) 

(This table spans four pages) 

Dates No of Persons / 

Pages of Data 

Frequency Comment SRDB Ref ID 

1956 105 pages 

names/visitor badges 

Bi-monthly 

dose data 

BNL forms with film badge data for 

Univ. of Rochester 

54045 

1956 28 pages; lists names 

and visitor badges 

Bi-monthly 

dose data 

BNL forms with film badge data for 

Univ. of Rochester S.C. (Small 

Cyclotron) 

53990 

Jan to Jun 1957 49 pages; has 

names/visitor badges 

Bi-monthly 

dose data 

BNL forms with film badge data for 

Univ. of Rochester 

54046 

Jan to Jun 1957 15 pages with names Bi-monthly 

dose data 

BNL forms, film badge data for Univ. of 

Rochester S.C. (Small Cyclotron) 

53991 

1958 139 Annual 

Summary 

Only summary data; 133 below 1 rem 51824 

1959 80 (cyclotron); 112 

(AEP) 

Annual 

Summary 

Only summary data; 111 below 1 rem 51827 

1959 Exposure record for 

one individual 

Special Report Also includes blood counts 52209 

1960 143 (AEP), 78 

(cyclotron?) 

Annual 

Summary 

Summary data only 51829 

1952-1980 1059 pages; about 

3177 individuals 

Film badge 

data 

Pages of individual dose cards for entire 

Univ. of Rochester (not just AEP); 

contains "less than" annual summary 

data 

51689 

1956-57 Handwritten dose 

data, some for Univ. 

of Rochester 

Bi-weekly data Eight pages of handwritten dose info 

from BNL with doses either from other 

sites or incurred by workers from other 

sites; Not clear; some are from Univ. of 

Rochester. Year only on cover form. 

54042 

1961 217 (AEP); 90 

(cyclotron) 

Annual 

Summary 

Summary data only 51830 

Jan - Sep 1961 46 handwritten pages 

by name 

external 

exposure 

records (bimonthly) 

Handwritten logbook; hard to decipher; 

from all Univ. of Rochester departments 

58765 

1962 159 (AEP); 487 all of 

Univ. of Rochester 

Annual 

Summary 

Summary data form sheet; all of Univ. of 

Rochester included 

51831 

1963 176 (AEP); 520 all of 

Univ. of Rochester 

Annual 

Summary 

Summary data; has number of persons 

monitored by division in back; also has 

list of high exposures (handwritten). 

51832 

1963 65 pages; entries by 

name 

Quarterly and 

annual totals 

with some 

bi-monthly 

entries 

Forms grouped by department/location 58766 

1963 74 pages; log entries 

by name 

Quarterly and 

annual totals 

with some 

bi-monthly 

entries 

Forms grouped by department/location 58767 

1964 192 (AEP); 284 total 

reported (not all of 

Univ. of Rochester) 

Annual 

Summary 

Summary data only 51834 
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Table 6-2: Available External Monitoring Data (1947 to 1971) 

(This table spans four pages) 

Dates No of Persons / 

Pages of Data 

Frequency Comment SRDB Ref ID 

1964 191 pages; 

handwritten log 

entries by name/dept; 

some BNL dose 

letters 

Quarterly 

mostly 

Forms grouped by department/location 58768 

1965 190 (AEP); 632 (all 

of Univ. of 

Rochester) 

Annual 

Summary 

Has some detail attached (quarterly by 

dept and person; also high exposures by 

name) 

51835 

1965 230 pages; 

handwritten log 

entries; some BNL 

dose letters 

Quarterly 

mostly 

Forms grouped by department/location 58769 

1966 261 (AEP); 884 (all 

of Univ. of 

Rochester) 

Annual 

Summary 

Summary data only 51838 

1966 291 pages; 

handwritten log 

entries; some BNL 

dose letters 

Quarterly and 

annual totals 

with some 

bi-monthly 

entries 

Forms grouped by department/location 58770 

1967 277 (AEP); 975 (all 

of Univ. of 

Rochester) 

Annual 

Summary 

Summary data only 51841 

1967 12 page summary for 

1967 

Annual 

Summary 

Divided up by section 51874 

1967 321 pages; 

handwritten log 

entries; some BNL 

dose letters 

Quarterly and 

annual totals 

with some 

bi-monthly 

entries 

Forms grouped by department/location 58771 

1968 299 (AEP); 1063 (all 

of Univ. of 

Rochester) 

Annual 

Summary 

More detail attached; number monitored 

by division and highest exposures 

51871 

1968 13 page summary for 

1968 

Annual 

Summary 

Annual summary divided by department 51875 

1968 285 pages; log entries 

and dose cards; some 

BNL dose letters, 

Quarterly and 

annual totals 

with some 

bi-monthly 

entries 

Forms grouped by department/location; 

some lost dosimeter documentation 

included 

58772 

1968 83 pages; log entries; 

some BNL dose 

letters 

Quarterly and 

annual totals 

with some 

bi-monthly 

entries 

Forms grouped by department/location 58773 

1968 Nine pages; Nuclear 

Chicago report 

Annual totals 

and quarterly 

results 

No identifiers; only badge numbers; film 

report 

58780 
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Table 6-2: Available External Monitoring Data (1947 to 1971) 

(This table spans four pages) 

Dates No of Persons / 

Pages of Data 

Frequency Comment SRDB Ref ID 

1969 388 (AEP); 1233 (all 

of Univ. of 

Rochester) 

Annual 

Summary 

Summary data only 51872 

1969 388 (AEP); 1233 (all 

of Univ. of 

Rochester) 

Addition to 

Annual 

Summary 

1969 exposure summary by department; 

has dose ranges and highest exposures 

51876 

1969 306 pages; log 

entries; some BNL 

dose letters 

Bi-monthly, 

some quarterly 

Forms grouped by department/location 58774 

1969 98 pages; log entries Bi-monthly, 

some quarterly 

Forms grouped by department/location 58775 

1969 Eight pages; Eberline 

film badge report 

Data covers 

one month 

No identifiers; only badge numbers 58781 

1970 268 (AEP); 454 (AEP 

+ Cyclotron) 

Annual 

Summary 

1970 exposure summary by department 

with dose ranges, highest exposures 

51870 

1970 136 pages; log 

entries 

Mostly 

quarterly 

Forms grouped by department/location 58776 

1970 205 pages; log entries Quarterly 

mostly 

Forms grouped by department/location 58777 

1970 13 pages; Eberline 

film badge report 

Quarterly with 

annual total 

No identifiers; only badge numbers 58782 

1971 274 (AEP) Annual 

Summary 

1971 exposure summary 51873 

1971 14 page summary for 

1971 

Annual 

Summary 

Exposure summary by department with 

dose ranges. 

52005 

1971 343 pages; 

handwritten entries 

Bi-monthly, 

some quarterly 

Forms grouped by department/location 58784 

1971 15 pages, Eberline 

summary film badge 

report 

Quarterly with 

annual total 

Forms grouped by department/location 58783 
SEC-00140 09-09-09 FINAL University of Rochester AEP

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7.0 Feasibility of Dose Reconstruction for the Class Evaluated by 

NIOSH 

The feasibility determinations for the class of employees under evaluation in this report are governed 

by both EEOICPA and 42 C.F.R. § 83.13(c)(1). Under that Act and rule, NIOSH must establish 

whether or not it has access to sufficient information either to estimate the maximum radiation dose 

for every type of cancer for which radiation doses are reconstructed that could have been incurred 

under plausible circumstances by any member of the class, or to estimate the radiation doses to 

members of the class more precisely than a maximum dose estimate. If NIOSH has access to 

sufficient information for either case, NIOSH would then determine that it would be feasible to 

conduct dose reconstructions. 

In determining feasibility, NIOSH begins by evaluating whether current or completed NIOSH dose 

reconstructions demonstrate the feasibility of estimating with sufficient accuracy the potential 

radiation exposures of the class. If the conclusion is one of infeasibility, NIOSH systematically 

evaluates the sufficiency of different types of monitoring data, process and source or source term data, 

which together or individually might assure that NIOSH can estimate either the maximum doses that 

members of the class might have incurred, or more precise quantities that reflect the variability of 

exposures experienced by groups or individual members of the class. This approach is discussed in 

OCAS’s SEC Petition Evaluation Internal Procedures which are available at 

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas. The next four major subsections of this Evaluation Report examine: 

 The sufficiency and reliability of the available data. (Section 7.1) 

 The feasibility of reconstructing internal radiation doses. (Section 7.2) 

 The feasibility of reconstructing external radiation doses. (Section 7.3) 

 The bases for petition SEC-00140 as submitted by the petitioner. (Section 7.4) 

7.1 Pedigree of University of Rochester AEP Data 

This subsection answers questions that need to be asked before performing a feasibility evaluation. 

Data Pedigree addresses the background, history, and origin of the data. It requires looking at site 

methodologies that may have changed over time; primary versus secondary data sources and whether 

they match; and whether data are internally consistent. All these issues form the bedrock of the 

researcher’s confidence and later conclusions about the data’s quality, credibility, reliability, 

representativeness, and sufficiency for determining the feasibility of dose reconstruction. The 

feasibility evaluation presupposes that data pedigree issues have been settled. 
SEC-00140 09-09-09 FINAL University of Rochester AEP

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7.1.1 Internal Monitoring Data Pedigree Review 

The available internal monitoring data for the time period under investigation in this evaluation report 

(September 1, 1943 through October 30, 1971) are summarized in Section 6.1 and Table 6-1. These 

data are extremely limited and certainly insufficient in quantity to adequately represent the class under 

evaluation. In terms of data pedigree, the data that do exist are legible, well-documented, notated with 

the appropriate units, identified by radionuclide, and typical of what would be found at other facilities 

for the time period under evaluation. A more comprehensive data pedigree evaluation commensurate 

with the purposes of this report would involve comparing and validating larger datasets for 

representativeness, consistency, job categories, and monitoring locations. However, the limited, 

incomplete, and sporadic nature of the available internal monitoring data do not allow for this depth of 

analysis. 

7.1.2 External Monitoring Data Pedigree Review 

The available external dosimetry data are summarized in Section 6.2 and Table 6-2. Although there is 

evidence of external personnel monitoring conducted as early as 1947 (Exposures, 1956), individual 

dose records are not readily available until 1952 (Dose Cards, various years; Dose Cards, 1980s). 

Such records are in the form of dose cards (Dose Cards, various years), annual summary reports, and 

individual film badge records; they include photon, beta, and neutron monitoring results. 

In light of the evaluation conclusions reached in this report regarding internal dose reconstruction 

feasibility for the University of Rochester AEP, NIOSH did not perform an extensive external data 

sufficiency and pedigree evaluation for external data for the period under evaluation. Although no 

specific conclusions were drawn about the external data and the ability to bound dose for the class 

under evaluation, NIOSH has drawn following general conclusion: the external data may be used on a 

case-by-case basis for the purpose of partial dose reconstructions. 

7.2 Evaluation of Bounding Internal Radiation Doses at the AEP 

The principal source of internal radiation doses for members of the class under evaluation was 

airborne contamination associated with animal inhalation studies. The primary alpha emitters studied 

were uranium, polonium, radium, and plutonium. Major efforts were also devoted to determinations 

of toxicities of radon, thorium, Sr-90, and P-32. Other radionuclides were also studied. The 

following subsections summarize the extent and limitations of information available for reconstructing 

the process-related internal doses of members of the class under evaluation. 

7.2.1 Evaluation of Bounding Process-Related Internal Doses 

Despite documented evidence that internal monitoring programs were in place for various operations, 

available urinalysis and air monitoring data (presented in Section 6.1) do not sufficiently represent the 

class evaluated in this report. The available internal monitoring data consist of a single set of six 

uranium-in-air monitoring results from 1944, five uranium-in-urine results from 1949, polonium-inurine summary data from 1956 (92 samples), and I-131 bioassay data for a single individual in 1962. 

No other internal monitoring data have been found for the time period under evaluation. These few 

data do not sufficiently represent the class. 
SEC-00140 09-09-09 FINAL University of Rochester AEP

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7.2.2 Evaluation of Bounding Ambient Environmental Internal Doses 

The ambient environmental internal dose will not be evaluated because NIOSH has obtained no 

information associated with environmental ambient monitoring for the site. 

7.2.3 Methods for Bounding Internal Dose at University of Rochester AEP 

The available University of Rochester AEP data are insufficient to support establishing a bounding 

dose estimate for the radionuclides of concern. No alternative methodologies for bounding internal 

dose have been identified. 

7.2.4 Internal Dose Reconstruction Feasibility Conclusion 

Available evidence indicates that routine bioassay programs were in place throughout the evaluation 

period, which validates, at least from the perspective of the health physics professionals responsible at 

the time, that bioassay programs were warranted. However, the resulting data from those programs 

are generally unavailable. The available data are summarized in Table 6-1. NIOSH considers the few 

bioassay data, summarized above, to be insufficient for purposes of bounding intakes for the 

numerous radionuclides that were extensively used at the AEP during the time period under evaluation 

in this report. Therefore, NIOSH has concluded that it is not feasible to reconstruct or bound internal 

dose for the class of workers under evaluation in this report. 

7.3 Evaluation of Bounding External Radiation Doses at the AEP 

The principal sources of external radiation doses for members of the evaluated class were photon, 

beta, and neutron radiation. X-ray generating devices, including the “Million Volt” X-ray machine, 

were used extensively for controlled animal exposures. Photon and beta radiation doses would have 

also resulted from handling, and being in the vicinity of, the many radioactive materials used in the 

facility. Neutron-emitting sources included two cyclotrons, a 14-MeV neutron generator (DT), and 

alpha-beryllium sources (e.g., Po-Be and Ra-Be). 

As discussed in Section 7.1.2, due to NIOSH’s finding regarding internal dose (inability to bound), the 

following subsections are included in the event that partial dose reconstructions are deemed necessary. 

7.3.1 Evaluation of Bounding Operations-Related External Doses 

Prior to 1952, although summary data are available, individual external dosimetry records are 

nonexistent. It is therefore unlikely that operations-related doses may be bounded or reconstructed 

with sufficient accuracy before 1952. 

Since external dosimetry data are generally available from 1952 through the end of the evaluated 

period (October 31, 1971), it is likely that external dose reconstructions may be performed, if deemed 

necessary from 1952 through 1971. Such data would be evaluated for usability on a case-by-case, as 

needed basis, using NIOSH established protocols for dose reconstructions. 
SEC-00140 09-09-09 FINAL University of Rochester AEP

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7.3.2 Evaluation of Bounding Ambient Environmental External Doses 

Environmental monitoring data are unavailable for the time period under evaluation. However, 

environmental dose is accounted for, and bounded by, existing external personnel monitoring data. 

7.3.3 AEP Occupational X-Ray Examinations 

There are indications that AEP personnel were required to have medical x-ray examinations (X-ray 

Invoices, 1943-1947). Dose from occupationally-required medical X-rays should therefore be 

assumed to have occurred in the absence of data to the contrary. 

7.3.4 Methods for Bounding External Dose at University of Rochester AEP 

Although NIOSH likely has sufficient data to support bounding external dose for the class under 

evaluation, an exhaustive evaluation of this topic is unwarranted for the purposes of this report 

because NIOSH is concluding that it cannot determine bounding internal doses for the class due to a 

lack of internal monitoring data. 

Medical X-ray Dose

Medical dose for AEP workers can bounded using the assumptions and applicable protocols in the 

complex-wide Technical Information Bulletin, Dose Reconstruction from Occupationally Related 

Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures, ORAUT-OTIB-0006. 

7.3.5 External Dose Reconstruction Feasibility Conclusion 

Since NIOSH has found that it is unable to bound internal dose, an exhaustive evaluation of feasibility 

of external dose reconstruction was not performed for the purposes of this report. However, partial 

dose reconstructions may be feasible, on a case-by-case basis, using available personnel monitoring 

data. Dose from medical exams are feasible using the methodologies outlined in 

ORAUT-OTIB-0006. 

7.4 Evaluation of Petition Basis for SEC-00140 

The petition basis provided in SEC-00140 is that radiation exposures and radiation doses potentially 

incurred by members of the proposed class were not monitored either through personal monitoring or 

through area monitoring. In support of this basis, the petitioner provided an affidavit which included 

the following statement: “To the best of my knowledge I was never monitored for radiation exposure 

for my work in the radiation area” (Affidavit, 2009). 

NIOSH concurs with the petitioner’s statement in that NIOSH has been unable to find any evidence of 

personal or area monitoring for the petitioner-proposed time period, September 1, 1943 through June 

19, 1945. In addition, the evaluation period was extended to October 30, 1971, due to a lack of 

internal monitoring data. 
SEC-00140 09-09-09 FINAL University of Rochester AEP

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7.5 Summary of Feasibility Findings for Petition SEC-00140 

This report evaluates the feasibility for completing dose reconstructions for employees at the 

University of Rochester AEP from September 1, 1943 through October 30, 1971. NIOSH found that 

the available monitoring records, process descriptions and source term data available are not sufficient 

to complete dose reconstructions for the evaluated class of employees. 

Personal monitoring and/or area monitoring data are not always required to bound doses at a given 

facility. However, if these monitoring data are not available, NIOSH must have detailed source term 

and process information to develop a sufficiently accurate exposure model. NIOSH has determined 

that it does not have adequate internal or external monitoring data for members of the evaluated class 

from September 1, 1943 through December 31, 1952. Internal monitoring data are insufficient for 

reconstructing or bounding dose for any of the evaluation period, September 1, 1943 through October 

30, 1971. NIOSH has also determined that the available source term and process information are 

inadequate to bound internal dose in the absence of internal monitoring data. NIOSH has therefore 

concluded that internal dose reconstruction is not feasible for the University of Rochester AEP from 

September 1, 1943 through October 30, 1971. 

Table 7-1 summarizes the results of the feasibility findings at the University of Rochester AEP for 

each exposure source during the time period September 1, 1943 through October 30, 1971. 

Table 7-1: Summary of Feasibility Findings for SEC-00140 

September 1, 1943 through October 30, 1971 

Source of Exposure Reconstruction Likely Feasible1 Reconstruction Not Feasible 

Internal X2

External 

 - Gamma X (beginning in 1953) X (pre-1953) 

 - Beta X (beginning in 1953) X (pre-1953) 

 - Neutron X (beginning in 1953) X (pre-1953) 

 - Occupational Medical X-ray X 

PARTIAL DOSE RECONSTRUCTION INFORMATION: 

1

 EXTERNAL: Since this evaluation concludes that internal dose cannot be estimated for the entire evaluation period, an 

exhaustive examination of the feasibility of external dose reconstruction is unwarranted. The topic of external dose 

reconstruction is included in this table for completeness and for consistency with other SEC evaluation reports. Should 

partial dose reconstructions be necessary for future claimants, external dose will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. 

2

 INTERNAL: Although NIOSH has determined that it is not feasible to reconstruct internal doses for all cancers and all 

radionuclides, it may be feasible, on a case-by-case basis, to perform partial dose reconstructions when specific internal 

dose data exist. 
SEC-00140 09-09-09 FINAL University of Rochester AEP

31 of 56 

As of August 12, 2009, a total of seven claims have been submitted to NIOSH for individuals who 

worked at the University of Rochester AEP. One claim, although covered by the class definition 

evaluated in this report, was pulled by the Department of Labor because the claimant qualified for an 

SEC class established for another site. The remaining six are covered by the class definition and a 

dose reconstruction has been completed for one of these individuals; five are still active. 

8.0 Evaluation of Health Endangerment for Petition SEC-00140 

The health endangerment determination for the class of employees covered by this evaluation report is 

governed by both EEOICPA and 42 C.F.R. § 83.13(c)(3). Under these requirements, if it is not 

feasible to estimate with sufficient accuracy radiation doses for members of the class, NIOSH must 

also determine that there is a reasonable likelihood that such radiation doses may have endangered the 

health of members of the class. Section 83.13 requires NIOSH to assume that any duration of 

unprotected exposure may have endangered the health of members of a class when it has been 

established that the class may have been exposed to radiation during a discrete incident likely to have 

involved levels of exposure similarly high to those occurring during nuclear criticality incidents. If 

the occurrence of such an exceptionally high-level exposure has not been established, then NIOSH is 

required to specify that health was endangered for those workers who were employed for a number of 

work days aggregating at least 250 work days within the parameters established for the class or in 

combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more other classes of 

employees in the SEC. 

NIOSH has obtained numerous documents containing information about the varied studies involving 

the use of unsealed radioactive materials at the University of Rochester AEP. NIOSH has concluded 

that the potential for internal radiation dose existed for workers at the site. NIOSH has also identified 

considerable evidence that internal monitoring programs existed during the time period under 

evaluation in this report. NIOSH has not, however, been able to locate a sufficient quantity of those 

monitoring results for the purpose bounding potential intakes for members of the class. NIOSH’s 

evaluation determined that it is not feasible to estimate radiation dose for members of the NIOSHevaluated class with sufficient accuracy based on the sum of information available from available 

resources. Modification of the class definition regarding health endangerment and minimum required 

employment periods, therefore, is required. 

9.0 Class Conclusion for Petition SEC-00140 

Based on its full research of the class under evaluation, NIOSH has defined a single class of 

employees for which NIOSH cannot estimate radiation doses with sufficient accuracy. The NIOSHproposed class to be added to the SEC includes all employees of the Department of Energy, its 

predecessor agencies, and its contractors and subcontractors who worked at the University of 

Rochester Atomic Energy Project in Rochester, New York, from September 1, 1943 through October 

30, 1971, for a number of work days aggregating at least 250 work days, occurring either solely under 

this employment or in combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more 

other classes of employees in the SEC. The class under evaluation was expanded to include all 

workers rather than only laboratory technicians, as proposed by the petitioner. The class was also 
SEC-00140 09-09-09 FINAL University of Rochester AEP

32 of 56 

extended from the petitioner-proposed end date of June 19, 1945 to October 30, 1971 for reasons 

indicated in Section 3.2 of this report. 

NIOSH has carefully reviewed all material sent in by the petitioner, including the specific assertions 

stated in the petition, and has responded herein (see Section 7.4). NIOSH has also reviewed available 

technical resources and many other references, including the Site Research Database (SRDB), for 

information relevant to SEC-00140. In addition, NIOSH reviewed its NOCTS dose reconstruction 

database to identify EEOICPA-related dose reconstructions that might provide information relevant to 

the petition evaluation. 

These actions are based on existing, approved NIOSH processes used in dose reconstruction for 

claims under EEOICPA. NIOSH’s guiding principle in conducting these dose reconstructions is to 

ensure that the assumptions used are fair, consistent, and well-grounded in the best available science. 

Simultaneously, uncertainties in the science and data must be handled to the advantage, rather than to 

the detriment, of the petitioners. When adequate personal dose monitoring information is not 

available, or is very limited, NIOSH may use the highest reasonably possible radiation dose, based on 

reliable science, documented experience, and relevant data to determine the feasibility of 

reconstructing the dose of an SEC petition class. NIOSH contends that it has complied with these 

standards of performance in determining the feasibility or infeasibility of reconstructing dose for the 

class under evaluation. 
SEC-00140 09-09-09 FINAL University of Rochester AEP

33 of 56 

10.0 References 

42 C.F.R. pt. 81, Guidelines for Determining the Probability of Causation Under the Energy 

Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000; Final Rule, Federal 

Register/Vol. 67, No. 85/Thursday, p 22,296; May 2, 2002; SRDB Ref ID: 19391 

42 C.F.R. pt. 82, Methods for Radiation Dose Reconstruction Under the Energy Employees 

Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000; Final Rule; May 2, 2002; SRDB Ref ID: 

19392 

42 C.F.R. pt. 83, Procedures for Designating Classes of Employees as Members of the Special 

Exposure Cohort Under the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 

2000; Final Rule; May 28, 2004; SRDB Ref ID: 22001 

42 U.S.C. §§ 7384-7385 [EEOICPA], Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation 

Program Act of 2000, as amended 

Affidavit, 2009, Affidavit by [name redacted] submitted in support of SEC Petition SEC-00140, 

University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project; March 3, 2009; OSA Ref ID: 108366 

Bausa, 1953, Letter discussing neutron monitoring results, to G. J. Bausa (University of Rochester 

Atomic Energy Project) from F. P. Cowan (Health Physics Division, Brookhaven National 

Laboratory); April 8, 1953; SRDB Ref ID: 54047 

Description of Facilities, 1971, Description of Facilities and Types of Sources or Radiation Producing 

Machines, unknown author; University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project; date on hand-drawn 

floor diagram: May 13, 1971; SRDB Ref ID 52358 

Dose Cards, 1980s, University of Rochester External Radiation Exposure History, University of 

Rochester; various monitored personnel names and dates in the 1980s; SRDB Ref ID: 51976 

Dose Cards, various years, Individual external dose exposure cards for monitored employees, various 

names; University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project; various dates; SRDB Ref ID: 51689 

Dowdy, 1945, The Rochester Story of the Manhattan Project, A. H. Dowdy, University of Rochester 

Library; 1945; SRDB Ref ID: 32195 

Exposures, 1953, Handwritten log of exposures at various AEC sites, including University of 

Rochester; unknown author; various personnel, site locations, and dates; SRDB Ref ID: 54042 

Exposures, 1956, Whole-Body Radiation Exposures [also includes external monitoring data], 

memorandum to Director, Division of Biology and Medicine, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission from 

H. Mermagen, University of Rochester; October 15, 1956; SRDB Ref ID: 52833 

Glove Boxes, 1971, Disposal of Glove Boxes – Shipping Container Permit, letter to R. W. Wilson 

(University of Rochester AEP) from A. L. Kranz (U. S. Atomic Energy Commission); March 18, 

1971; SRDB Ref ID: 51750
SEC-00140 09-09-09 FINAL University of Rochester AEP

34 of 56 

Hot Lab, 1961, Survey, Air Samples, intramural correspondence to R. Hayes from H. Mermagen; 

University of Rochester; June 22, 1961; SRDB Ref ID: 52212 

Love, 1952, Letter regarding procedures used for Po analysis at Brookhaven, to H. Mermagen 

(University of Rochester) from R. A. Love (Brookhaven National Laboratory); October 10, 1952; 

SRDB Ref ID: 53340 

OCAS-PR-004, Internal Procedures for the Evaluation of Special Exposure Cohort Petitions, Rev. 0, 

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); Cincinnati, Ohio; September 23, 

2004; SRDB Ref ID: 32022 

ORAUT-OTIB-0006, Dose Reconstruction from Occupationally Related Diagnostic X-ray 

Procedures, Rev 03 PC-1; Oak Ridge Associated Universities; December 21, 2005; SRDB Ref ID: 

20220 

Personal Communication, 2008a, Personal Communication with Health Physicist; Telephone 

Interview by ORAU Team and NIOSH; June 17, 2008; SRDB Ref ID: 45530 

Personal Communication, 2008b, Personal Communication with AEP Graduate Student; Telephone 

Interview by ORAU Team and NIOSH; June 10, 2008; SRDB Ref ID: 45531

Personal Communication, 2008c, Personal Communication with Lab Technician; Telephone 

Interview by ORAU Team and NIOSH; June 9, 2008; SRDB Ref ID: 45533

Personal Communication, 2008d, Personal Communication with Chemist; Telephone Interview by 

ORAU Team and NIOSH; June 9, 2008; SRDB Ref ID: 45535

Personal Communication, 2008e, Personal Communication with Medical Researcher; Telephone 

Interview by ORAU Team and NIOSH; June 10, 2008; SRDB Ref ID: 45536

Personal Communication, 2008f, Personal Communication with Health Physicist; Telephone 

Interview by ORAU Team and NIOSH; June 9, 2008; SRDB Ref ID: 45538

Personal Communication, 2008g, Personal Communication with Radiation Safety staff (two 

individuals); Telephone Interview by ORAU Team and NIOSH; July 1, 2008; SRDB Ref ID: 47123 

Personnel Protection, 1955, Personnel Protection in the Radioactive Inhalation Room, G. H. Whipple, 

J. N. Stannard, G. J. Miller, M. L. Ingram, and T. T. Mercer; UR-310; University of Rochester Atomic 

Energy Project, Medical Division; March 23, 1955; SRDB Ref ID: 52208 

Polonium Urinalysis, 1957, Polonium Urinalysis, C. A. Krebs and G. H. Whipple; UR-501; 

University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project, Medical Division; August 7, 1957; SRDB Ref ID: 

31935 

Pu Analyses, 1970, Urinalyses for Pu, intramural correspondence to H. Mermagen from R. H. 

Wilson; University of Rochester; September 22, 1970; SRDB Ref ID: 51716 
SEC-00140 09-09-09 FINAL University of Rochester AEP

35 of 56 

Scope of Work, 1959, University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project Scope of the Work, rough draft, 

various authors; University of Rochester Library; date unclear, but likely1959; SRDB Ref ID: 52752 

Specifications, 1969, Specifications for Removal, Packaging and Disposal of Radioactively 

Contaminated Glove Boxes and Radioactive Waste Accumulation from the Alpha Inhalation 

Laboratory, University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project, Department of Radiation Biology and 

Biophysics; October 24, 1969; SRDB Ref ID: 51745 

Stannard, 1988, Radioactivity and Health: A History, J. N. Stannard (University of Rochester); 

prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy by Pacific Northwest Laboratory; DOE/RL/01830-T59; 

October 1988; SRDB Ref ID: 22738 

Status Report, 1968, Status Report on Alpha Lab Dry Box Disposal, intramural correspondence to A. 

Rothstein and W. F. Neuman from H. Mermagen; University of Rochester; October 17, 1968; SRDB 

Ref ID: 51709 

URAEP, 1943-1968, URAEP 1943-1968, various authors; likely part of, or a precursor to, A Brief 

History of the University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project from 1943-1968, which was edited H. 

A. Blair; University of Rochester Library; date unclear but likely 1968; SRDB Ref ID: 51971 

Urine Results, 1949, Urine sample results report, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, New York 

Operations Office, Medical Division; September 9, 1949; SRDB Ref ID: 9249 

Wilson, 1955, Physical Plant for a Radioactive Inhalation Laboratory, R. H. Wilson, W. F. Neuman, 

A. Rothstein, J. K. Scott; University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project; UR-302; November 22, 

1955; SRDB Ref ID: 31930 

Wilson, 1979, Final Decommissioning of the University of Rochester Alpha Laboratory, R. H. 

Wilson, W. D. Gregory, H. D. Maillie; Department of Radiation Biology and Biophysics, The 

University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry; December 12, 1979; SRDB Ref ID: 51721 

X-ray Invoices, 1943-1947, Invoices for X-ray services at Strong Memorial Hospital, University of 

Rochester; various dates for various personnel from 1943 to 1947; SRDB Ref ID: 30707 
SEC-00140 09-09-09 FINAL University of Rochester AEP

36 of 56 

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SEC-00140 09-09-09 FINAL 

Attachment 1: Data Capture Synopsis 

37 of 56 

Table A1-1: Data Capture Synopsis for University of Rochester AEP 

Data Capture Information Data Captured Description D

Primary Site/Company Name: University of Rochester 

Atomic Energy Project; DOE 1943-1986 Other Site Names: University of Rochester resources that 

were searched: Radiation Safety Office/Unit, University of Rochester Medical School Miner Library, including the Joe Howland Papers collection, the Rush Rhees Library Atomic Energy Project collection, Physical Plant Department, Human Resources Department, Occupational Medicine Department, and the University Health Service 

Annual aggregate exposure summary reports, dose record cards, Landauer film badge reports, radioactive material inventories, accountability, transfers, licensing documentation, medical school 

annex surveys, limited bioassay results, research reports, quarterly reports, dosimetry information, and documented communication with the university's Radiation Safety Officer, confirming that the Human Resources Department, the Occupational Medicine Department, and the University Health Service do not and did not maintain dosimetry records. 

08

State Contacted: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation 

D&D surveys, investigation of alleged radioactive waste burial, process information, and inventory records. 

03

CDC Interlibrary Loan Radiation safety in the Manhattan Project. 04Claimant FOIA request for University of Rochester medical records. 04Comprehensive Epidemiologic Data Resource (CEDR) No relevant documents identified. 04Department of Labor/Paragon Niagara Falls area documents with University of Rochester references. 12DOE Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) Discussion of urinalysis techniques. 10DOE Chicago Operations Office Verification that the Chicago Ops Office does not hold University of 

Rochester contract closeout files. 

05

DOE Germantown Inspections and histories of thorium processing operations, beryllium 

hazards and controls, advisory committee for biology and medicine meeting minutes, and thorium accountability. 

06

DOE Hanford Declassified Document Retrieval System (DDRS) 

Monthly irradiation processing report and analysis of airborne radioactivity and limits. 

10

DOE Legacy Management Considered Sites No relevant documents identified. 05DOE Legacy Management - Grand Junction Tonawanda reports, survey plans, and a background report. 04DOE Legacy Management - MoundView (Fernald Holdings, includes Fernald Legal Database) 

U and Th metabolism and excretion, respiratory studies and experiments, breath measurements, reports of health and epidemiological meetings, early NYOO health and safety reports and meetings, proceedings of a bio-assay and analytical chemistry meeting, production report, process knowledge interview, and a proposal for an epidemiology study. 

11
SEC-00140 09-09-09 FINAL 

Table A1-1: Data Capture Synopsis for University of Rochester AEP 

Data Capture Information Data Captured Description D

DOE Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Process knowledge interview. 12DOE Oak Ridge Operations Vault Film badge results. 03DOE OpenNet Quarterly reports regarding metabolic and inhalation studies, status 

reports, and interviews regarding human radiation experiments. 

08

DOE OSTI Energy Citations Descriptions of research being conducted and early methodology for 

establishing maximum permissible dose levels. 

04

DOE OSTI Information Bridge Quarterly reports, description of hazards in arc melting thorium, and 

human radiation experiments oral histories. 

06

Environmental Measurement Laboratory (EML) Library An IH and medical survey of a thorium refinery using University of 

Rochester research as a reference. 

02

Google Interviews regarding human radiation experiments and a 1963 aerosol 

research paper presented at the HP meeting. 

04

Kansas City (Lee's Summit) Federal Records Center Dosimetry reports. 10NARA - Atlanta Material transactions, WWII personnel assignments, research proposals, 

progress reports, dosimetry services, accountability reports, breath samples, and litigation documents. 

06

NARA - College Park Request made to access records. In NARA - Kansas City Historical information. 08National Academies Press (NAP) No relevant documents identified. 04National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) - Nevada Site Office 

No relevant documents identified. 04

NRC Agencywide Document Access and Management (ADAMS) 

NRC FUSRAP sites review. 04

Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) Team Process knowledge interviews, Data Capture Completion Verification, 

and a trip report. 

08

SAIC Radiation exposure summaries. 09Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL University of Rochester waste disposed in the St. Louis area. 10Unknown Thorium processing and transactions, University of Rochester site 

information, beryllium transactions, and University of Rochester dosimetry services and studies. 

03

US Army Corps of Engineers Response to an allegation of buried radioactive material on the 

University of Rochester campus. 

11

Washington State University (U.S. Transuranium and Uranium Registries) 

No relevant documents identified. 04

38 of 56 
SEC-00140 09-09-09 FINAL 

Table A1-1: Data Capture Synopsis for University of Rochester AEP 

Data Capture Information Data Captured Description D

Washington University Libraries - St. Louis Inhalation study facilities design and construction and reports on Ra and 

Po urinalysis. 

04

Y-12 Proposed toxicological study and discussion of thorium inhalation 

studies. 

05

TOTAL 

Table A1-2: Database Searches for University of Rochester AEP 

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases 

CEDR http://cedr.lbl.gov/ COMPLETED 04/15/2008 

University of Rochester in Title 

DOE Energy Citations http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/ COMPLETED 04/15/2008 

"University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" in any field "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" in any field and "Radiation" in Title 

DOE Hanford DDRS http://www2.hanford.gov/declass/ COMPLETED 10/17/2008 

UR in document number University of Rochester in Title 

DOE Legacy Management Considered Sites http://csd.lm.doe.gov/ COMPLETED 05/30/2008 

University of Rochester 

DOE OpenNet http://www.osti.gov/opennet/advancedsearch.jsp COMPLETED 08/31/2009 

University of Rochester W. Blair as author A. Dowdy as author 

DOE OSTI Information Bridge http://www.osti.gov/bridge/advancedsearch.jsp COMPLETED 06/02/2009 

"University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" in any field "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" in any field and "Radiation" in Title 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches for University of Rochester AEP 

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases 

Google http://www.google.com COMPLETED 04/23/2008 

"University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" –NIOSH "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" oralloy "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" postum "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" tuballoy "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "uranyl nitrate hexahydrate" OR UNH "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "K-65" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "sump cake" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "uranium dioxide" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "uranium tetrafluoride" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "uranium trioxide" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "uranium hexafluoride" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" accident "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "air count" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "air dust" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "air filter" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "airborne test" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" alpha 

"University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "belgian congo ore" 

"University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" beta "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" bioassay OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" bio-assay "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" breath OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "breathing zone" OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" BZ "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "body burden" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" calibration "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "chest count" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" columnation "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" contamination "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" curie 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches for University of Rochester AEP 

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases 

"University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "denitration" OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "denitration pot" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" derby OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" regulus "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "derived air concentration" OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" DAC "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" dose 

"University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" dosimeter 

"University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" dosimetric "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" dosimetry "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" electron "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" environment "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "Ether-Water Project" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" exposure OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "exposure investigation" OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "radiation exposure" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" external "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "F machine" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" fecal "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "feed material" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" femptocurie "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" film "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" fission "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" fluoroscopy "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program" OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" FUSRAP 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches for University of Rochester AEP 

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases 

"University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" gamma-ray OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "gamma ray" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "gas proportional" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "gaseous diffusion" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" health OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "health instrument" OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "health physics" OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" H.I. OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" HI OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" HP "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" highly enriched uranium" OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" HEU "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" hydrofluorination "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "in vitro" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "in vivo" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" incident "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" ingestion "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" inhalation "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" internal "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" investigation "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" isotope "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" isotopic "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "isotopic enrichment" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "JS Project" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" Landauer "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "liquid scintillation" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" log OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "log sheet" OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "log book" 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches for University of Rochester AEP 

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases 

"University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "low enriched uranium" OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" LEU "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "lung count" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "maximum permissible concentration" OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" MPC "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" metallurgy "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" microcurie "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" millicurie "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "mixed fission product" OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" MFP "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" monitor OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "air monitoring" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" nanocurie "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "nasal wipe" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" neutron "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "nose wipe" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" nuclear OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "Chicago-Nuclear" OR "University 

of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "nuclear fuels" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "nuclear track emulsion" OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "type A" OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" NTA "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "occupational radiation exposure" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" occurrence 

"University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "ore concentrate" 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches for University of Rochester AEP 

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases 

"University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "PC Project" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" permit OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "radiation work permit" OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "safe work permit" OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "special work permit" OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" RWP OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" SWP "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "phosphate research" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" photon "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" picocurie "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" pitchblende "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "pocket ion chamber" OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" PIC "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" problem "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" procedure "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" radeco "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" radiation "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" radioactive "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" radioactivity "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" radiograph "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" radiological "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "Radiological Survey Data Sheet" OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" RSDS "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" radionuclide "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" raffinate "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" reactor "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" respiratory "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "retention schedules" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" roentgen 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches for University of Rochester AEP 

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases 

"University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" sample OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "air sample" OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "dust sample" OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "general area air sample" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" sampling OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "air sampling" OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "dust sampling" OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "general area air sampling" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "solvent extraction" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" source OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "sealed source" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" spectra 

"University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" spectrograph "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" spectroscopy "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" spectrum "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" standard OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "operating standard" OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "processing standard" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" survey "building survey" OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "routine survey" OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "special survey" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "technical basis" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "thermal diffusion" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "thermoluminescent dosimeter" OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" TLD 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches for University of Rochester AEP 

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases 

"University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "Tiger Team" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "tolerance dose" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "Uranium aluminum alloy" OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" Ualx OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "Uranium aluminide" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" urinalysis "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" urine 

"University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "whole body count" OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" WBC "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "working level" OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" WL University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project "X-ray" OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "X ray" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "X-ray" OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "X ray" OR "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" Xray OR "University of Rochester 

Atomic Energy Project" "X-ray Screening" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" americium OR Am241 OR Am-241 OR "AM 241" OR 241Am OR 241-Am OR "241 Am" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" ionium OR Th230 OR Th-230 OR "Th 230" OR 230Th OR 230-Th OR "230 Th" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" neptunium OR Np237 OR Np-237 OR "Np 237" OR 237Np OR 237-Np OR "237 Np" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" polonium OR Po210 OR Po-210 OR "Po 210" OR 210Po OR 210-Po OR "210 Po" 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches for University of Rochester AEP 

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases 

"University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" thorium OR Th232 OR Th-232 OR "Th 232" OR 232Th OR 232-Th OR "232 Th" OR "Z metal" OR myrnalloy OR "chemical 10-66" OR "chemical 10-12" OR ionium OR UX1 OR UX2 "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" Th-230 OR Th230 OR "Th 230" OR 230-Th OR "230 Th" OR 230Th OR Th-234 OR Th234 OR "Th 234" OR 234-Th OR 234Th OR "234 Th" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" neptunium OR Np237 OR Np-237 OR "Np 237" OR 237Np OR 237-Np OR "237 Np" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" uranium OR U233 OR 

U-233 OR "U 233" OR 233U OR 233-U OR "233 U" OR U234 OR "U 234" OR U-234 OR 234U OR 234-U OR "234 U" OR U235 OR "U 235" OR U-235 OR 235-U "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" 235U OR "235 U" OR U238 OR "U 238" OR U-238 OR 238-U OR 238U OR "238 U" OR U308 OR "U 308" OR U-308 OR 308-U OR 308U OR 308 U OR "uranium extraction" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" "black oxide" OR 

"brown oxide" OR "green salt" OR "orange oxide" OR "yellow cake" OR UO2 OR UO3 OR UF4 OR UF6 OR C-216 OR C-616 OR C-65 OR C211 OR U3O8 "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" plutonium OR Pu-238 OR Pu238 OR Pu 238 OR 238Pu OR 238-Pu OR "238 Pu" OR Pu-239 OR Pu239 OR "Pu 239" OR 239Pu OR 239-Pu OR "239 Pu" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" Pu-240 OR Pu240 OR "Pu 240" OR 240Pu OR 240-Pu OR "240 Pu" OR Pu-241 OR Pu241 OR "Pu 241" OR 241Pu OR 241-Pu OR "241 Pu" 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches for University of Rochester AEP 

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases 

"University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" radium OR Ra-226 OR Ra226 OR Ra 226 OR 226-Ra OR 226Ra OR 226-Ra OR Ra-228 OR Ra228 OR Ra 228 OR 228Ra OR 228-Ra OR 228 Ra "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" radon OR Rn-222 OR Rn222 OR Rn 222 OR 222Rn OR 222-Rn OR 222 Rn "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" thoron OR Rn-220 OR Rn220 OR "Rn 220" OR 220Rn OR 220-Rn OR "220 Rn" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" protactinium OR Pa234m OR Pa234m OR "Pa 234m" OR 234mPa OR 234m-Pa OR "234m Pa" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" strontium OR Sr-90 OR Sr90 OR "Sr 90" OR 90-Sr OR 90Sr OR "90 Sr" "University of Rochester" oralloy "University of Rochester" postum "University of Rochester" tuballoy "University of Rochester" "uranyl nitrate hexahydrate" OR UNH "University of Rochester" "K-65" "University of Rochester" "sump cake" "University of Rochester" "uranium dioxide" "University of Rochester" "uranium tetrafluoride" "University of Rochester" "uranium trioxide" "University of Rochester" "uranium hexafluoride" "University of Rochester" accident "University of Rochester" "air count" "University of Rochester" "air dust" "University of Rochester" "air filter" "University of Rochester" "airborne test" "University of Rochester" alpha "University of Rochester" "belgian congo ore" "University of Rochester" bioassay OR "University of Rochester" bioassay 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches for University of Rochester AEP 

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases 

"University of Rochester" breath OR "University of Rochester" "breathing zone" OR "University of Rochester" BZ "University of Rochester" calibration "University of Rochester" columnation "University of Rochester" contamination "University of Rochester" curie "University of Rochester" "denitration" OR "University of Rochester" "denitration pot" "University of Rochester" derby OR "University of Rochester" regulus "University of Rochester" dose "University of Rochester" dosimeter "University of Rochester" dosimetric "University of Rochester" dosimetry "University of Rochester" electron "University of Rochester" environment "University of Rochester" "Ether-Water Project" "University of Rochester" exposure OR "University of Rochester" "exposure investigation" OR "University of Rochester" "radiation exposure" "University of Rochester" external "University of Rochester" "F machine" "University of Rochester" fecal "University of Rochester" "feed material" "University of Rochester" femptocurie "University of Rochester" film "University of Rochester" fission "University of Rochester" fluoroscopy "University of Rochester" "Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program" OR "University of Rochester" FUSRAP "University of Rochester" gamma-ray 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches for University of Rochester AEP 

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases 

"University of Rochester" "gas proportional" 

"University of Rochester" "gaseous diffusion" "University of Rochester" health OR "University of Rochester" "health instrument" OR "University of Rochester" "health physics" OR "University of Rochester" H.I. OR "University of Rochester" HI OR "University of Rochester" HP "University of Rochester" "highly enriched uranium" OR "University of Rochester" HEU "University of Rochester" hydrofluorination "University of Rochester" "in vitro" "University of Rochester" "in vivo" "University of Rochester" incident "University of Rochester" ingestion "University of Rochester" inhalation "University of Rochester" internal "University of Rochester" investigation "University of Rochester" isotope "University of Rochester" isotopic "University of Rochester" "isotopic enrichment" "University of Rochester" "JS Project" "University of Rochester" Landauer "University of Rochester" "liquid scintillation" "University of Rochester" log OR "University of Rochester" "log sheet" OR "University of Rochester" "log book" "University of Rochester" "low enriched uranium" OR "University of Rochester" LEU "University of Rochester" "maximum permissible concentration" OR "University of Rochester" MPC "University of Rochester" metallurgy "University of Rochester" microcurie 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches for University of Rochester AEP 

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases 

"University of Rochester" millicurie "University of Rochester" "mixed fission product" OR "University of Rochester" MFP "University of Rochester" monitor OR "University of Rochester" "air monitoring" "University of Rochester" nanocurie "University of Rochester" "nasal wipe" "University of Rochester" neutron "University of Rochester" "nose wipe" "University of Rochester" nuclear OR "University of Rochester" "Chicago-Nuclear" OR "University of Rochester" "nuclear fuels" "University of Rochester" "nuclear track emulsion" OR "University of Rochester" "type A" OR "University of Rochester" NTA "University of Rochester" "occupational radiation exposure" "University of Rochester" occurrence "University of Rochester" "ore concentrate" "University of Rochester" "PC Project" "University of Rochester" permit OR "University of Rochester" "radiation work permit" OR "University of Rochester" "safe work permit" OR "University of Rochester" "special work permit" OR "University of Rochester" RWP OR "University of Rochester" SWP "University of Rochester" "phosphate research" "University of Rochester" photon "University of Rochester" picocurie "University of Rochester" pitchblende "University of Rochester" "pocket ion chamber" OR "University of Rochester" PIC 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches for University of Rochester AEP 

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases 

"University of Rochester" problem "University of Rochester" procedure "University of Rochester" radeco "University of Rochester" radiation "University of Rochester" radioactive "University of Rochester" radioactivity "University of Rochester" radiograph "University of Rochester" radiological "University of Rochester" "Radiological Survey Data Sheet" OR "University of Rochester" RSDS "University of Rochester" radionuclide "University of Rochester" raffinate "University of Rochester" reactor "University of Rochester" respiratory "University of Rochester" "retention schedules" "University of Rochester" roentgen "University of Rochester" sample OR "University of Rochester" "air sample" OR "University of Rochester" "dust sample" OR "University of Rochester" "general area air sample" "University of Rochester" sampling OR "University of Rochester" "air sampling" OR "University of Rochester" "dust sampling" OR "University of Rochester" "general area air sampling" "University of Rochester" "solvent extraction" "University of Rochester" source OR "University of Rochester" "sealed source" "University of Rochester" spectra "University of Rochester" spectrograph "University of Rochester" spectroscopy "University of Rochester" spectrum 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches for University of Rochester AEP 

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases 

"University of Rochester" standard OR "University of Rochester" "operating standard" OR "University of Rochester" "processing standard" "University of Rochester" survey "building survey" OR "University of Rochester" "routine survey" OR "University of Rochester" "special survey" "University of Rochester" "technical basis" "University of Rochester" "thermal diffusion" "University of Rochester" "thermoluminescent dosimeter" OR "University of Rochester" TLD "University of Rochester" "Tiger Team" "University of Rochester" "tolerance dose" "University of Rochester" urinalysis "University of Rochester" urine "University of Rochester" "whole body count" OR "University of Rochester" WBC "University of Rochester" "working level" OR "University of Rochester" WL "University of Rochester" "X-ray" OR "University of Rochester" "X ray" OR "University of Rochester" Xray OR "University of Rochester" "X-Ray Screening" "University of Rochester" americium OR Am241 OR Am-241 OR "AM 241" OR 241Am OR 241-Am OR "241 Am" "University of Rochester" ionium OR Th230 OR Th-230 OR "Th 230" OR 230Th OR 230-Th OR "230 Th" "University of Rochester" neptunium OR Np237 OR Np-237 OR "Np 237" OR 237Np OR 237-Np OR "237 Np" 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches for University of Rochester AEP 

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases 

"University of Rochester" polonium OR Po210 OR Po-210 OR "Po 210" OR 210Po OR 210-Po OR "210 Po" "University of Rochester" thorium OR Th232 OR Th-232 OR "Th 232" OR 232Th OR 232-Th OR "232 Th" OR "Z metal" OR myrnalloy OR "chemical 10-66" OR "chemical 10-12" OR ionium OR UX1 OR UX2 "University of Rochester" Th-230 OR Th230 OR "Th 230" OR 230-Th OR "230 Th" OR 230Th OR Th-234 OR Th234 OR "Th 234" OR 234-Th OR 234Th OR "234 Th" "University of Rochester" neptunium OR Np237 OR Np-237 OR "Np 237" OR 237Np OR 237-Np OR "237 Np" "University of Rochester" uranium OR U233 OR U-233 OR "U 233" OR 233U OR 233-U OR "233 U" OR U234 OR "U 234" OR U-234 OR 234U OR 234-U OR "234 U" OR U235 OR "U 235" OR U-235 OR 235-U "University of Rochester" 235U OR "235 U" OR U238 OR "U 238" OR U-238 OR 238-U OR 238U OR "238 U" OR U308 OR "U 308" OR U308 OR 308-U OR 308U OR 308 U OR "uranium extraction" "University of Rochester" "black oxide" OR "brown oxide" OR "green salt" OR "orange oxide" OR "yellow cake" OR UO2 OR UO3 OR UF4 OR UF6 OR C-216 OR C-616 OR C-65 OR C-211 OR U3O8 "University of Rochester" plutonium OR Pu-238 OR Pu238 OR Pu 238 OR 238Pu OR 238-Pu OR "238 Pu" OR Pu-239 OR Pu239 OR "Pu 239" OR 239Pu OR 239-Pu OR "239 Pu" "University of Rochester" Pu-240 OR Pu240 OR "Pu 240" OR 240Pu OR 240-Pu OR "240 Pu" OR Pu-241 OR Pu241 OR "Pu 241" OR 241Pu OR 241-Pu OR "241 Pu" "University of Rochester" radium OR Ra-226 OR Ra226 OR Ra 226 OR 226-Ra OR 226Ra OR 226-Ra OR Ra-228 OR Ra228 OR Ra 228 OR 228Ra OR 228-Ra OR 228 Ra 

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Table A1-2: Database Searches for University of Rochester AEP 

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases 

"University of Rochester" radon OR Rn-222 OR Rn222 OR Rn 222 OR 222Rn OR 222-Rn OR 222 Rn "University of Rochester" thoron OR Rn-220 OR Rn220 OR "Rn 220" OR 220Rn OR 220-Rn OR "220 Rn" "University of Rochester" protactinium OR Pa-234m OR Pa234m OR "Pa 234m" OR 234mPa OR 234m-Pa OR "234m Pa" "University of Rochester" strontium OR Sr-90 OR Sr90 OR "Sr 90" OR 90-Sr OR 90Sr OR "90 Sr" "University of Rochester" "Energy Citations Database" University of Rochester "Atomic Energy Project" "University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project" in any field 

National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu/ COMPLETED 04/15/2008 NNSA - Nevada Site Office www.nv.doe.gov/main/search.htm COMPLETED 04/23/2008 NRC ADAMS Reading Room http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams/web-based.html COMPLETED 04/15/2008 U.S. Transuranium & Uranium Registries http://www.ustur.wsu.edu/ COMPLETED 04/15/2008 

University of Rochester 

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Table A1-3: OSTI Documents Ordered for University of Rochester AEP 

Document Number Document Title 

No documents ordered.