SEC Petition Evaluation Report

Petition SEC-00217

Report Rev #:0 Report Submittal Date: April 14, 2015

Subject Expert(s): Pat McCloskey

Site Expert(s): N/A

Petition Administrative Summary

Petition Under Evaluation

Petition # Petition 

Type

Petition

Receipt Date

Qualification 

Date

DOE/AWE Facility Name

SEC-00217 83.13 June 12, 2014 January 8, 2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey)

Petitioner-Requested Class Definition 

All Atomic Weapons Employer employees who worked at any plant production area of Westinghouse Electric 

Corporation in Bloomfield, New Jersey, from January 1, 1950 through March 1, 2011.

Class Evaluated by NIOSH

All employees who worked in any plant production area of the Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey) site in 

Bloomfield, New Jersey, during the period from January 1, 1950 through March 1, 2011.

NIOSH-Proposed Class(es) to be Added to the SEC

All Atomic Weapons Employees who worked at the facility owned by Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey) 

in Bloomfield, New Jersey, during the period from February 1, 1958 through May 31, 1958, or during the period 

from June 1, 1959 through June 30. 1959, for a number of work days aggregating at least 250 work days, 

occurring either solely under this employment, or in combination with work days within the parameters 

established for one or more other classes of employees included in the Special Exposure Cohort.

Related Petition Summary Information 

SEC Petition 

Tracking #(s)

Petition 

Type

DOE/AWE Facility Name Petition Status

SEC-00159 83.14 Westinghouse Electric Corp., 

Bloomfield, New Jersey

Class added to the SEC for August 13, 1942 

through December 31, 1949

Related Evaluation Report Information 

Report Title DOE/AWE Facility Name

SEC Petition Evaluation Report for Petition SEC-00159 Westinghouse Electric Corp., Bloomfield, New Jersey

ORAU Lead Technical Evaluator: Pat McCloskey ORAU Peer Review Completed By: Michael Kubiak

Peer Review Completed By: [Signature on File]

Greg Macievic

4/14/2015

Date

SEC Petition Evaluation Reviewed By: [Signature on File]

James W. Neton

4/14/2015

Date

SEC Evaluation Approved By: [Signature on File]

Stuart L. Hinnefeld

4/14/2015

Date
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

This page intentionally left blank

2 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

Evaluation Report Summary: SEC-00217, 

Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey)

This evaluation report by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

addresses a class of employees proposed for addition to the Special Exposure Cohort (SEC) per the

Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000, as amended, 42 U.S.C.

§ 7384 et seq. (EEOICPA) and 42 C.F.R. pt. 83, Procedures for Designating Classes of Employees as 

Members of the Special Exposure Cohort under the Energy Employees Occupational Illness 

Compensation Program Act of 2000.

Petitioner-Requested Class Definition

Petition SEC-00217 was received on June 12, 2014, and qualified on January 8, 2015. The petitioner 

requested that NIOSH consider the following class: All Atomic Weapons Employer employees who 

worked at any plant production area of Westinghouse Electric Corporation in Bloomfield, New Jersey 

from January 1, 1950 through March 1, 2011.

Class Evaluated by NIOSH

Based on its preliminary research, NIOSH accepted the petitioner-requested class. NIOSH evaluated 

the following class: All employees who worked in any plant production area of the Westinghouse 

Electric Corp. (New Jersey) site in Bloomfield, New Jersey, during the period from January 1, 1950 

through March 1, 2011.

NIOSH-Proposed Class(es) to be Added to the SEC

Based on its full research of the class under evaluation, NIOSH has defined two periods during which 

NIOSH cannot estimate radiation doses with sufficient accuracy. The NIOSH-proposed class 

includes: All Atomic Weapons Employees who worked at the facility owned by Westinghouse 

Electric Corp. (New Jersey) in Bloomfield, New Jersey, during the period from February 1, 1958 

through May 31, 1958, or during the period from June 1, 1959 through June 30. 1959, for a number of 

work days aggregating at least 250 work days, occurring either solely under this employment, or in 

combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more other classes of 

employees included in the Special Exposure Cohort.

The class under evaluation was reduced (see Section 3.0 below) because, based on its analysis of

available resources, NIOSH found it could estimate radiation doses with sufficient accuracy for the 

following parts of the class under evaluation: January 1, 1950 through January 31, 1958; June 1, 1958 

through May 31, 1959; and July 1, 1959 through April 30, 2000. Based on the sum of information 

from available resources, NIOSH’s evaluation determined that April 30, 2000, was the last date for 

applicable EEOICPA program exposures at Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey).

Feasibility of Dose Reconstruction

NIOSH reviewed the AWE, commercial, and decommissioning and decontamination (D&D) activities 

at Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey) and has an understanding of the AWE and D&D 

operations. However, NIOSH does not have a sufficient understanding of Westinghouse Electric 

3 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

Corporation’s uranium and thorium commercial radiological activities that were performed 

concurrently with AWE operations. NIOSH interviewed former WEC employees and representatives 

and asked specifically about monitoring records for commercial operations, and has located only 

limited source term information to date, with no information regarding exposure conditions during 

commercial uranium and thorium operations. Radiation doses from commercial operations are 

required to be assessed during the site AWE operations periods. For this reason, NIOSH finds it is not 

feasible to estimate internal and external exposures with sufficient accuracy for all workers at the site 

during the AWE periods from February 1, 1958 through May 31, 1958, or from June 1, 1959 through 

June 30. 1959. With the exception of this class, per EEOICPA and 42 C.F.R. § 83.13(c)(1), NIOSH 

has established that it has access to sufficient information to: (1) estimate the maximum radiation 

dose, for every type of cancer for which radiation doses are reconstructed, that could have been 

incurred in plausible circumstances by any member of the class; or (2) estimate radiation doses more 

precisely than an estimate of maximum dose. Information available from additional resources is 

sufficient to document or estimate the maximum internal and external potential exposure to members 

of the evaluated class under plausible circumstances during the specified periods (January 1, 1950 

through January 31, 1958; June 1, 1958 through May 31, 1959; and July 1, 1959 through April 30, 

2000).

NIOSH finds that it is likely feasible to reconstruct occupational medical dose for Westinghouse 

Electric Corp. (New Jersey) workers with sufficient accuracy.

The NIOSH dose reconstruction feasibility findings are based on the following:

• Principal sources of internal and external radiation for members of the proposed class, during the 

two AWE periods, included exposures to: uranium and thorium utilized in site commercial 

operations; uranium metal and contamination during AWE-related rolling operations; and residual 

uranium and thorium contamination from previous AWE operations during the 1943-1949 period. 

• Information obtained by NIOSH as part of this evaluation indicated that Westinghouse Electric 

Corp. conducted two AWE-related uranium machining campaigns for Fernald during the periods 

of May 12, 1958 through May 16, 1958, and June 25, 1959 through June 29, 1959. DOL revised 

the facility designation to include AWE operations during February-May 1958 and June 1959.

• NIOSH reviewed the AWE, commercial, and remediation activities at Westinghouse Electric 

Corp. and has an understanding of the AWE and remediation operations. However, NIOSH does 

not have a sufficient understanding of the uranium and thorium commercial radiological activities 

that were performed concurrently with AWE operations. NIOSH has been unable to locate 

internal or external monitoring data related to site commercial operations during the period from 

January 1, 1950 through April 30, 2000, including the two AWE operations periods.

• Radiation doses from commercial operations are required to be assessed during the site AWE 

operations periods. In the absence of available personnel and workplace monitoring data for

commercial operations, NIOSH finds it is not feasible to estimate internal or external exposures 

with sufficient accuracy for all workers at the Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey) site 

during the period from February 1, 1958 through May 31, 1958, or during the period from June 1, 

1959 through June 30, 1959.

4 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

• Pursuant to 42 C.F.R. § 83.13(c)(1), NIOSH determined that there is insufficient information to 

either: (1) estimate the maximum radiation dose, for every type of cancer for which radiation 

doses are reconstructed, that could have been incurred under plausible circumstances by any 

member of the class; or (2) estimate the radiation doses of members of the class more precisely 

than a maximum dose estimate.

• Although NIOSH found that it is not possible to completely reconstruct radiation doses for the 

proposed class, NIOSH intends to use any internal and external monitoring data that may become 

available for an individual claim (and that can be interpreted using existing NIOSH dose 

reconstruction processes or procedures). Therefore, dose reconstructions for individuals employed 

at Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey) during the periods from February 1, 1958 through 

May 31, 1958, and June 1, 1959 through June 30. 1959, but who do not qualify for inclusion in the 

SEC, may be performed using these data as appropriate.

Health Endangerment Determination

Per EEOICPA and 42 C.F.R. § 83.13(c)(3), a health endangerment determination is required because 

NIOSH has determined that it does not have sufficient information to estimate dose for the members 

of the proposed class from February 1, 1958 through May 31, 1958, and June 1, 1959 through June 

30, 1959.

NIOSH did not identify any evidence supplied by the petitioners or from other resources that would 

establish that the proposed class was exposed to radiation during a discrete incident likely to have 

involved exceptionally high-level exposures. However, evidence indicates that some workers in the 

proposed class may have accumulated substantial chronic exposures through episodic intakes of 

radionuclides, combined with external exposures to gamma and beta radiation. Consequently, NIOSH 

has determined that health was endangered for those workers covered by this evaluation who were 

employed for at least 250 aggregated work days either solely under their employment or in 

combination with work days within the parameters established for other SEC classes.

For the periods January 1, 1950 through January 31, 1958; June 1, 1958 through May 31, 1959; and 

July 1, 1959 through April 30, 2000, a health endangerment determination is not required because 

NIOSH has determined that it has sufficient information to estimate dose for the members of the 

evaluated class. Based on the sum of information from available resources, NIOSH’s evaluation 

determined that April 30, 2000, was the last date for applicable EEOICPA program exposures at 

Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey).

5 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

This page intentionally left blank

6 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

Table of Contents

1.0 Purpose and Scope.......................................................................................................................... 9

2.0 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 9

3.0 SEC-00217 Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey) Class Definitions ................................. 10

3.1 Petitioner-Requested Class Definition and Basis................................................................ 11

3.2 Class Evaluated by NIOSH ................................................................................................. 12

3.3 NIOSH-Proposed Class(es) to be Added to the SEC.......................................................... 12

4.0 Data Sources Reviewed by NIOSH to Evaluate the Class........................................................... 13

4.1 Site Profile Technical Basis Documents (TBDs)................................................................ 13

4.2 ORAU Technical Information Bulletins (OTIBs) and Procedures ..................................... 14

4.3 Facility Employees and Experts.......................................................................................... 14

4.4 Previous Dose Reconstructions........................................................................................... 15

4.5 NIOSH Site Research Database .......................................................................................... 16

4.6 Documentation and/or Affidavits Provided by Petitioners ................................................. 16

5.0 Radiological Operations Relevant to the Class Evaluated by NIOSH......................................... 16

5.1 Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey) Plant and Process Descriptions ...................... 16

5.1.1 Site Operations History ........................................................................................... 19

5.1.2 Period of AWE-Related Residual Contamination................................................... 23

5.1.3 Commercial Operations Performed Concurrently with AWE Operations.............. 23

5.2 Radiological Exposure Sources from Westinghouse Electric Corp. Operations ................ 24

5.2.1 Internal Radiological Exposure Sources from Westinghouse Operations .............. 25

5.2.1.1 Uranium.................................................................................................... 25

5.2.1.2 Thorium.................................................................................................... 26

5.2.2 External Radiological Exposure Sources from Westinghouse Operations ............. 26

5.2.2.1 Photon....................................................................................................... 26

5.2.2.2 Beta........................................................................................................... 27

5.2.2.3 Neutron..................................................................................................... 28

5.2.3 Incidents .................................................................................................................. 28

6.0 Summary of Available Monitoring Data for the Class Evaluated by NIOSH ............................. 28

6.1 Available Westinghouse Electric Corp. Internal Monitoring Data ..................................... 28

6.2 Available Westinghouse Electric Corp. External Monitoring Data .................................... 29

7.0 Feasibility of Dose Reconstruction for the Class Evaluated by NIOSH...................................... 30

7.1 Pedigree of Westinghouse Electric Corp. Data ................................................................... 30

7.1.1 Internal Monitoring Data Pedigree Review............................................................. 31

7.1.2 External Monitoring Data Pedigree Review............................................................ 31

7.2 Evaluation of Bounding Internal Radiation Doses at Westinghouse Electric Corp............ 31

7.2.1 Evaluation of Bounding AWE Process-Related Internal Doses.............................. 32

Airborne Levels....................................................................................................... 32

7.2.2 Evaluation of Bounding Residual Period Internal Doses........................................ 35

7.2.3 Methods for Bounding Internal Dose at Westinghouse Electric Corp.................... 36

7 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

7.2.3.1 Methods for Bounding AWE Operational Period Internal Dose.............. 36

7.2.3.2 Methods for Bounding Residual Period Internal Dose............................. 36

7.2.4 Internal Dose Reconstruction Feasibility Conclusion ............................................. 38

7.3 Evaluation of Bounding External Radiation Doses at Westinghouse Electric Corp........... 39

7.3.1 Evaluation of Bounding AWE Process-Related External Doses ............................ 39

Area Monitoring Data.............................................................................................. 40

7.3.2 Evaluation of Bounding Residual Period External Doses....................................... 40

7.3.3 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Occupational X-Ray Examinations.......................... 40

7.3.4 Methods for Bounding External Dose at Westinghouse Electric Corp................... 40

7.3.4.1 Methods for Bounding AWE Operational Period External Dose ............ 41

7.3.4.2 Methods for Bounding Residual Period External Doses.......................... 41

7.3.5 External Dose Reconstruction Feasibility Conclusion............................................ 41

7.4 Evaluation of Petition Basis for SEC-00217....................................................................... 42

7.4.1 Lack of Pre-1976 Survey Data ................................................................................ 42

7.4.2 Lack of Pre-1976 External Dosimetry..................................................................... 43

7.5 Summary of Feasibility Findings for Petition SEC-00217.................................................. 43

8.0 Evaluation of Health Endangerment for Petition SEC-00217...................................................... 45

9.0 Class Conclusion for Petition SEC-00217 ................................................................................... 46

10.0 References .................................................................................................................................... 47

Attachment One: Data Capture Synopsis.............................................................................................. 53

Tables

Table 4-1: No. of WEC. Claims Submitted Under the Dose Reconstruction Rule............................... 15

Table 7-1: Summary of Feasibility Findings for SEC-00217 ............................................................... 43

Figures

Figure 5.1: Plot plan of Westinghouse Electric Corp., Bloomfield, New Jersey.................................. 17

Figure 5.2: Aerial photograph of Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey)...................................... 18

Figure 5.3: Assel Mill Rolls during tube elongation ............................................................................. 20

Figure 7.1: Air dust sample results, May 12-16, 1958 .......................................................................... 33

Figure 7.2: Air dust sample results, June 25, 1959 ............................................................................... 34

Figure 7.3: Air dust sample results, June 25, 1959 ............................................................................... 34

Figure 7.4: Air dust sample results, June 26, 1959 ............................................................................... 35

Figure 7.5: Air dust sample results, June 29, 1959 ............................................................................... 35

8 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

SEC Petition Evaluation Report for SEC-00217

ATTRIBUTION AND ANNOTATION: This is a single-author document. All conclusions drawn from 

the data presented in this evaluation were made by the ORAU Team Lead Technical Evaluator: Pat 

McCloskey, Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU). The rationales for all conclusions in this 

document are explained in the associated text.

1.0 Purpose and Scope

This report evaluates the feasibility of reconstructing doses for all employees who worked in any plant 

production area of the Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey) site in Bloomfield, New Jersey, 

during the period from January 1, 1950 through March 1, 2011. It provides information and analyses 

germane to considering a petition for adding a class of employees to the congressionally-created SEC.

This report does not make any determinations concerning the feasibility of dose reconstruction that 

necessarily apply to any individual energy employee who might require a dose reconstruction from 

NIOSH. This report also does not contain the final determination as to whether the proposed class 

will be added to the SEC (see Section 2.0).

This evaluation was conducted in accordance with the requirements of EEOICPA, 42 C.F.R. pt. 83,

and the guidance contained in the Division of Compensation Analysis and Support’s (DCAS) Internal 

Procedures for the Evaluation of Special Exposure Cohort Petitions, DCAS-PR-004.1

2.0 Introduction

Both EEOICPA and 42 C.F.R. pt. 83 require NIOSH to evaluate qualified petitions requesting that the 

Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) add a class of employees to the SEC. The 

evaluation is intended to provide a fair, science-based determination of whether it is feasible to 

estimate with sufficient accuracy the radiation doses of the class of employees through NIOSH dose 

reconstructions.

2

 

42 C.F.R. § 83.13(c)(1) states: Radiation doses can be estimated with sufficient accuracy if NIOSH 

has established that it has access to sufficient information to estimate the maximum radiation dose, 

for every type of cancer for which radiation doses are reconstructed, that could have been incurred in 

plausible circumstances by any member of the class, or if NIOSH has established that it has access to 

sufficient information to estimate the radiation doses of members of the class more precisely than an

estimate of the maximum radiation dose.

Under 42 C.F.R. § 83.13(c)(3), if it is not feasible to estimate with sufficient accuracy radiation doses 

for members of the class, then NIOSH must determine that there is a reasonable likelihood that such 

radiation doses may have endangered the health of members of the class. The regulation requires 

NIOSH to assume that any duration of unprotected exposure may have endangered the health of 

1 DCAS was formerly known as the Office of Compensation Analysis and Support (OCAS).

2 NIOSH dose reconstructions under EEOICPA are performed using the methods promulgated under 42 C.F.R. pt. 82 and 

the detailed implementation guidelines available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas.

9 of 58

 
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

members of a class when it has been established that the class may have been exposed to radiation 

during a discrete incident likely to have involved levels of exposure similarly high to those occurring 

during nuclear criticality incidents. If the occurrence of such an exceptionally high-level exposure has 

not been established, then NIOSH is required to specify that health was endangered for those workers 

who were employed for at least 250 aggregated work days within the parameters established for the 

class or in combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more other SEC 

classes.

NIOSH is required to document its evaluation in a report, and to do so, relies upon both its own dose 

reconstruction expertise as well as technical support from its contractor, Oak Ridge Associated 

Universities (ORAU). Once completed, NIOSH provides the report to both the petitioner(s) and the 

Advisory Board on Radiation and Worker Health (Board). The Board will consider the NIOSH 

evaluation report, together with the petition, petitioner(s) comments, and other information the Board 

considers appropriate, in order to make recommendations to the Secretary of HHS on whether or not 

to add one or more classes of employees to the SEC. Once NIOSH has received and considered the 

advice of the Board, the Director of NIOSH will propose a decision on behalf of HHS. The Secretary 

of HHS will make the final decision, taking into account the NIOSH evaluation, the advice of the 

Board, and the proposed decision issued by NIOSH. As part of this decision process, petitioners may 

seek a review of certain types of final decisions issued by the Secretary of HHS.

3

3.0 SEC-00217 Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey) Class

Definitions

The following subsections address the evolution of the class definition for SEC-00217, Westinghouse 

Electric Corp. (New Jersey), also referred to as Westinghouse, Westinghouse Electric Corp., and 

abbreviated as WEC throughout this report. When a petition is submitted, the requested class 

definition is reviewed as submitted. Based on its review of the available site information and data, 

NIOSH will make a determination whether to qualify for full evaluation all, some, or no part of the 

petitioner-requested class. If some portion of the petitioner-requested class is qualified, NIOSH will 

specify that class along with a justification for any modification of the petitioner’s class. After a full 

evaluation of the qualified class, NIOSH will determine whether to propose a class for addition to the 

SEC and will specify that proposed class definition.

There is currently a class of Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey) workers already designated for 

inclusion in the SEC for the period from August 13, 1942 through December 31, 1949. The class, 

designated in May 2010, is associated with the NIOSH evaluation of petition SEC-00159 (NIOSH, 

2010) under 42 C.F.R. § 83.14. In its 2010 evaluation, NIOSH determined that it lacks sufficient 

information, which includes biological monitoring data, air monitoring information, and process and 

radiological source information, to estimate with sufficient accuracy the potential internal and external 

exposures to uranium, thorium, and their respective progeny to which the class may have been 

subjected during AWE operations. During the 1942-1949 AWE period associated with SEC-00159, 

WEC produced uranium and thorium metal, with the main uranium processes including potassium 

3 See 42 C.F.R. pt. 83 for a full description of the procedures summarized here. Additional internal procedures are 

available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas.

10 of 58

 
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

uranium pentafluoride production, uranium metal production, uranium metal powder production, 

pressing and sintering uranium metal powder, and the production of uranium metal buttons.

3.1 Petitioner-Requested Class Definition and Basis

Petition SEC-00217 was received on June 12, 2014, and qualified on January 8, 2015. The petitioner 

requested that NIOSH consider the following class: All Atomic Weapons Employer employees who 

worked at any plant production area of Westinghouse Electric Corporation in Bloomfield, New Jersey 

from January 1, 1950 through March 1, 2011.

The petitioner provided information and affidavit statements in support of the petitioner’s belief that 

accurate dose reconstruction over time is impossible for the Westinghouse workers in question. 

NIOSH deemed the following information and affidavit statements sufficient to qualify SEC-00217

for evaluation:

From 1950 to 1976, no radiation monitoring of Lamp Division employees was conducted and no 

dosimeter limit badges were issued before 1976.

This petitioner is not aware of dosimeter badges issued after 1976 testing. [Redacted per Privacy 

Act] never wore a radiation limit dosimeter-badge during employment from 1950 to 1958, before 

retiring in 1959.

No radiation readings were taken at Westinghouse until 1976 when the first radiation levels were 

taken at the Westinghouse plant buildings. There were no records found to show radiation levels 

at various buildings in 1949, 1950, 1953, or 1959 through 1976 when the first tests were ordered 

by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC).

After several buildings were razed in 1978 and 1980-1981, addition radiation was found below 

former razed building sites in trenches where buried water and drain pipes were still radiating in 

1993.

Based on its Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey) research and data capture efforts, NIOSH 

determined that it has access to area contamination and radiation data for Westinghouse Electric Corp. 

workers during the time period under evaluation. However, NIOSH also determined that personal 

monitoring records are not complete for all time periods or for all radionuclides. NIOSH concluded 

that there is sufficient documentation to support, for at least part of the requested time period, the 

petition basis that internal and external radiation exposures and radiation doses were not adequately 

monitored at Westinghouse Electric Corp., either through personal monitoring or area monitoring. 

The information and statements provided by the petitioner qualified the petition for further 

consideration by NIOSH, the Board, and HHS. The details of the petition basis are addressed in 

Section 7.4.

11 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

3.2 Class Evaluated by NIOSH

Based on its preliminary research, NIOSH accepted the petitioner-requested class. Therefore, NIOSH 

defined the following class for further evaluation: All employees who worked in any plant production 

area of the Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey) site in Bloomfield, New Jersey, during the 

period from January 1, 1950 through March 1, 2011.

At the time of qualification, the period to be evaluated by NIOSH was solely defined as the WEC 

residual radiation period, with the site’s AWE operations period already being included in the SEC 

through December 31, 1949, as stated previously. Information obtained by NIOSH as part of this 

evaluation, indicated that WEC conducted two additional AWE-related uranium machining campaigns 

for Fernald during the periods May 12, 1958 through May 16, 1958, and June 25, 1959 through June 

29, 1959. On September 26, 2014, NIOSH provided the information to DOL, and DOL consequently 

issued a change to the facility covered period designations (DOL, 2014):

• AWE Period......................1942-1949; February-May 1958; and June 1959

• Residual Radiation Period......1950-March 1, 2011 

NIOSH’s evaluation that follows considers these two additional AWE operations periods within the 

site’s residual radiation period.

Additionally, separate information obtained by NIOSH as part of this evaluation allows for updates to 

the site residual contamination status (see Section 5.1.2 below). Based on the sum of site remediation 

information from available resources, including interviews of site experts, NIOSH has determined that 

there was no potential for internal or external radiation doses from AWE-related residual 

contamination during the period of May 1, 2000 through March 1, 2011. Consequently, although the 

period from May 1, 2000 through March 1, 2011 is evaluated in this report, dose reconstruction is not 

required for this period. 

3.3 NIOSH-Proposed Class(es) to be Added to the SEC

Based on its research of the class under evaluation, NIOSH has defined a single class of employees for 

which NIOSH cannot estimate radiation doses with sufficient accuracy. The NIOSH-proposed class 

to be added to the SEC includes all Atomic Weapons Employees who worked at the facility owned by 

Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey) in Bloomfield, New Jersey, during the period from 

February 1, 1958 through May 31, 1958, or during the period from June 1, 1959 through June 30. 

1959, for a number of work days aggregating at least 250 work days, occurring either solely under this 

employment, or in combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more 

other classes of employees included in the Special Exposure Cohort.

12 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

4.0 Data Sources Reviewed by NIOSH to Evaluate the Class

As is standard practice, NIOSH completed an extensive database and Internet search for information 

regarding the Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey) site. The database search included the DOE 

Legacy Management Considered Sites database, the DOE Office of Scientific and Technical 

Information (OSTI) database, the Energy Citations database, and the Hanford Declassified Document 

Retrieval System. In addition to general Internet searches, the NIOSH Internet search included OSTI 

OpenNet Advanced searches, OSTI Information Bridge Fielded searches, Nuclear Regulatory 

Commission (NRC) Agency-wide Documents Access and Management (ADAMS) web searches, the 

DOE Office of Human Radiation Experiments website, and the DOE-National Nuclear Security 

Administration-Nevada Site Office-search. Attachment One contains a summary of Westinghouse 

Electric Corp. (New Jersey) documents. The summary specifically identifies data capture details and 

general descriptions of the documents retrieved.

In addition to the database and Internet searches listed above, NIOSH identified and reviewed 

numerous data sources to determine information relevant to determining the feasibility of dose 

reconstruction for the class of employees under evaluation. This included determining the availability

of information on personal monitoring, area monitoring, industrial processes, and radiation source

materials. The following subsections summarize the data sources identified and reviewed by NIOSH.

4.1 Site Profile Technical Basis Documents (TBDs)

A Site Profile provides specific information concerning the documentation of historical practices at 

the specified site. Dose reconstructors can use the Site Profile to evaluate internal and external 

dosimetry data for monitored and unmonitored workers, and to supplement, or substitute for, 

individual monitoring data. A Site Profile consists of an Introduction and five Technical Basis 

Documents (TBDs) that provide process history information, information on personal and area 

monitoring, radiation source descriptions, and references to primary documents relevant to the 

radiological operations at the site. The Site Profile for a small site may consist of a single document. 

As part of NIOSH’s evaluation detailed herein, it examined the following Site Profile for insights into 

Westinghouse Electric Corp. operations or related topics/operations at other sites:

• Site Profiles for Atomic Weapons Employers that Worked Uranium Metals, Rev. 01; effective June 

17, 2011; SRDB Ref ID: 101251

13 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

4.2 ORAU Technical Information Bulletins (OTIBs) and Procedures

An ORAU Technical Information Bulletin (OTIB) is a general working document that provides 

guidance for preparing dose reconstructions at particular sites or categories of sites. An ORAU 

Procedure provides specific requirements and guidance regarding EEOICPA project-level activities, 

including preparation of dose reconstructions at particular sites or categories of sites. NIOSH 

reviewed the following OTIBs as part of its evaluation:

• Dose Reconstruction During Residual Radioactivity Periods at Atomic Weapons Employer 

Facilities, ORAUT-OTIB-0070, Rev. 01; effective March 5, 2012; SRDB Ref ID: 108851

• Dose Reconstruction from Occupational Medical X-Ray Procedures, ORAUT-OTIB-0006, Rev. 

04; effective June 20, 2011; SRDB Ref ID: 98147

• Guidance on Assigning Occupational X-ray Dose Under EEOICPA for X-rays Administered Off 

Site, ORAUT-OTIB-0079, Rev.00; effective January 3, 2011; SRDB Ref ID: 89563

• Estimation of Ingestion Intakes, OCAS-TIB-009, Rev. 0; effective April 13, 2004; SRDB Ref ID: 

22397

4.3 Facility Employees and Experts

To obtain additional information, NIOSH interviewed eight former Westinghouse employees. 

NIOSH’s specific objectives were to gain further understanding of specific WEC operations with 

radioactive materials and to identify any radiological monitoring performed during those operations. 

Interviews were conducted via telephone and have been considered and referenced throughout this 

evaluation. 

• Personal Communication, 2015a, Personal Communication with Former Westinghouse Electric 

Corporation Employee; Telephone Interview by ORAU Team; January 14, 2015; SRDB Ref ID: 

141512

• Personal Communication, 2015b, Personal Communication with Former Westinghouse Electric 

Corporation Employee; Telephone Interview by ORAU Team; January 12, 2015; SRDB Ref ID: 

141509

• Personal Communication, 2015c, Personal Communication with Former Westinghouse Electric 

Corporation Subcontractor Employee; Telephone Interview by ORAU Team and NIOSH; January 

9, 2015; SRDB Ref ID: 141510

• Personal Communication, 2015d, Personal Communication with Former Westinghouse Electric 

Corporation Subcontractor Employee; Telephone Interview by ORAU Team; January 12, 2015; 

SRDB Ref ID: 141560

14 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

• Personal Communication, 2015e, Personal Communication with Former Westinghouse Electric 

Corporation Subcontractor Employee; Telephone Interview by ORAU Team; January 14, 2015; 

SRDB Ref ID: 141561

• Personal Communication, 2015f, Personal Communication with Former Westinghouse Electric 

Corporation Employee; Telephone Interview by ORAU Team; January 13, 2015; SRDB Ref ID: 

141562

• Personal Communication, 2015g, Personal Communication with Former Westinghouse Electric 

Corporation Employee; Telephone Interview by ORAU Team; January 12, 2015; SRDB Ref ID: 

141563

• Personal Communication, 2015h, Personal Communication with Former Westinghouse Electric 

Corporation Subcontractor Employee; Telephone Interview by ORAU Team; March 9, 2015; 

SRDB Ref ID: 141794

4.4 Previous Dose Reconstructions

NIOSH reviewed its NIOSH DCAS Claims Tracking System (referred to as NOCTS) to locate

EEOICPA-related dose reconstructions that might provide information relevant to the petition 

evaluation. NIOSH reviewed each claim to determine whether internal and/or external personal 

monitoring records could be obtained for the employee. Table 4-1 summarizes the results of this 

review. (NOCTS data available as of March 4, 2015)

Table 4-1: No. of WEC. Claims Submitted Under the Dose Reconstruction Rule

Description Totals

Total number of claims submitted for dose reconstruction 41

Total number of claims submitted for energy employees who worked during the period under 

evaluation (January 1, 1950 through March 1, 2011) 41

Number of dose reconstructions completed for energy employees who worked during the period

under evaluation (i.e., the number of such claims completed by NIOSH and submitted to the 

Department of Labor for final approval). 37

Number of claims for which internal dosimetry records were obtained for the identified years in 

the evaluated class definition 0

Number of claims for which external dosimetry records were obtained for the identified years in 

the evaluated class definition 0

15 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

4.5 NIOSH Site Research Database

NIOSH also examined its Site Research Database (SRDB) to locate documents supporting the 

assessment of the evaluated class. There were 496 documents in this database identified as pertaining 

to Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey). These documents were evaluated for their relevance to 

this petition. The documents include historical background on monitoring and program descriptions 

(e.g., air monitoring, urinalysis data, radiation and surface contamination surveys, radiological control 

program information, medical monitoring, process materials, and process descriptions).

4.6 Documentation and/or Affidavits Provided by Petitioners

In qualifying and evaluating the petition, NIOSH reviewed the following documents submitted by the 

petitioners:

• Affidavit Regarding Personal Radiation Monitoring to Support Statement to NIOSH; November 

24, 2014; DSA Ref ID: 120481

• Form B for Westinghouse Electric Corporation; received June 12, 2014; DSA Ref ID: 120005

5.0 Radiological Operations Relevant to the Class Evaluated by 

NIOSH

The following subsections summarize both radiological operations at Westinghouse Electrical Corp. 

from January 1, 1950 through March 1, 2011, and the information available to NIOSH to characterize 

particular processes and radioactive source materials. From available sources NIOSH has gathered 

process and source descriptions, information regarding the identity and quantities of each radionuclide 

of concern, and information describing processes and the physical environment in which radiation 

exposures may have occurred. The information included within this evaluation report is intended only 

to be a summary of the available information. 

5.1 Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey) Plant and Process Descriptions

Westinghouse Electric Corp. was located in Bloomfield, New Jersey, on a 14-acre site. It was 

comprised of eleven principal buildings (identified as Buildings 1 through 11) and several lesser 

structures, including a garage. However, AWE work was only performed in the basement and on the 

roof of Building 7 (Roberts, 1993, PDF p. 6). The site is bounded by MacArthur Avenue to the north, 

railroad tracks to the west and south, and by commercial properties along Bloomfield Avenue to the 

east. The site is divided into two parcels by Arlington Avenue which runs generally southwest to 

northeast. The garage lies on the opposite side of MacArthur Avenue across from Building 1 

(Maroncelli, 2007).

16 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

Source: Maroncelli, 2007, PDF p. 562

Figure 5.1: Plot plan of Westinghouse Electric Corp., Bloomfield, New Jersey 

Most of the principal buildings have multiple floor levels. The buildings, constructed between 1907 

and 1930, contain approximately 93,000 m2 (1,000,000 ft2

) of floor space and cover approximately 

half of the area of the site (Photo, undated). 

17 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

Source: Photo, undated

Figure 5.2: Aerial photograph of Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey)

The buildings are constructed primarily of concrete and steel foundations and frames, concrete floors, 

and brick and concrete block walls. Wood flooring is present in several manufacturing and warehouse 

areas throughout the facility. Office areas consist of wood frame walls with tile or carpeted floors. 

Buildings 1 through 6 and Building 11 contain approximately 65,000 m2 of floor space, of which 

approximately 49,000 m2 is manufacturing or warehouse space. The remaining 16,000 m2 consists of 

offices, conference rooms, a hospital, a company store, a cafeteria, and restrooms (Adams, 1992, PDF 

p. 12).

Most of the areas between the buildings are paved with asphalt or concrete. The primary unpaved 

areas on the site include a small reservoir for fire-protection water behind Building 2, a large 

incinerator that is also behind Building 2, and the areas adjacent to the railroad tracks. 

For the period evaluated by NIOSH, the Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey) workforce 

consisted of approximately 8,000 workers, circa 1957 (Gibson, 2004, PDF p. 2). Commercial 

operations associated with radioactive materials at WEC do not appear to have been large-scale, 

although they appear to have involved various areas of the site. NIOSH has reviewed a document 

stating that for a period of time in the early 1960s, 26 employees performed the commercial 

radiological work during part of three shifts at less than 100 man-hours per year total (SMB-353, 

1961-1962). Another document shows that 78 employees were monitored for external penetrating 

radiation and assigned film badges during the year 1960. All results were in the zero to 1 REM range 

for the year, as reported to the New York Operations Office of HASL (Monitoring, 1960, PDF p. 39). 

18 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

NIOSH reviewed another document stating that thorium operations, beginning in the late 1960s and 

lasting for at least 15 years, were performed by one individual (SMB-1423, 1984-1985).

5.1.1 Site Operations History

During World War II, WEC was contracted to produce uranium in support of the MED. Operations 

during this period, from August 1, 1942 through December 31, 1949, are also described in SEC 

Petition Evaluation Report for Petition SEC-00159 (NIOSH, 2010).

WEC developed a photochemical technique to produce uranium metal using uranium oxide or nitrate 

and potassium fluoride. The process was used to produce limited quantities of uranium. (Under the 

best weather conditions with good sunlight, the process could produce 1 ton/month.) The green salt 

produced by the reaction was electrolyzed to yield uranium metal that was subsequently cast into 

discs, pellets, and ingots (DOE, undated). The contract began on August 1, 1942 (DOE, undated) and 

was completed on October 15, 1943 (Unspecified, 1942-1943), and would have been capable of 

producing a total of 14.5 tons of uranium metal. At the end of this contract in 1945, the process 

equipment was removed (DOE, undated) and the uranium production facility was deactivated. After 

deactivation, the basement area was used primarily as a research testing laboratory (Westinghouse, 

1980, PDF p. 30).

WEC also worked with thorium under contract W-7409-ENG-31 for the MED. They produced a total 

of 200 pounds of thorium metal in the form of bars, tubes, sheets, and wire in early 1945 (Uranium, 

undated, PDF p. 4).

WEC also performed natural uranium machining operations for Fernald during short-term projects 

under contract from February 1958 through May 1958 and throughout June 1959. During these 

projects, WEC performed test rollings of uranium tubes on the Assel Mill to evaluate whether this 

process could be used to elongate hollow fuel rods for eventual use in a nuclear reactor as part of the 

nuclear weapons production complex (Simmons, 1959, PDF p. 74). The actual machining was 

scheduled to take one or two days (Kirkman, 1958, PDF p. 6), and the first test was attended by a 

Health and Safety Laboratory (HASL) representative, May 12 through May 16, 1958 (Ross, 1958). 

The work was performed on a No.1 Witter mill (also known as an Assel mill) (Simmons, 1958, PDF 

p. 100). The first test was unsuccessful because of excessive slippage between the work piece and the 

roll surfaces. A second rotary-elongation test was conducted on the same mill in June 1959. The 

actual machining during this second test occurred from June 25 through June 29, 1959, as indicated by 

the air monitoring dates (Monitoring, 1959). The mill-roll speed was reduced to 43 rpm (128 rpm was 

used in the previous test) (Steck, 1963).

NIOSH is not aware of any additional uranium machining operations at WEC after June 30, 1959 

(Ansari, 1993, PDF p. 12).

19 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

Figure 5.3: Assel Mill Rolls during tube elongation

Records indicate that on July 12, 1961, AEC issued a commercial license to WEC, License No. SMB353, to conduct R&D with thorium and uranium and to manufacture thorium-tungsten wire (for 

lighting applications) and thorium-containing welding rods. The license required WEC personnel to 

clean and maintain the work areas free of contamination, and to survey themselves upon exiting the 

work areas (SMB-353, 1961-1962, PDF p. 6). A second license, AEC License No. STB-467, was also 

issued to WEC for using thorium in the manufacture of mercury vapor lamps. The two licensed 

activities were consolidated under License No. SMB-353, and License No. STB-467 was 

subsequently terminated in November 1967 (Roberts, 1993, PDF p. 5).

In 1976 the Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) began a review of the 

radiological status of the facilities involved in supporting the MED under the Formerly Utilized Sites 

Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP) (Roberts, 1993, PDF p. 5). An October 1976 survey by ERDA 

staff identified contamination in the basement of Building 7 in floor drains, along the base of the walls 

and support columns where the walls joined the floor, and around support columns of a loading dock 

at the rear of the building. This survey was limited to Building 7 since it was the only portion of the 

WEC facility where MED work was performed (Roberts, 1993, PDF p. 6). After the ERDA survey 

results, WEC used the services of an outside contractor to clean contaminated areas at their own 

expense. Although some contamination remained above the then-current criteria for release for 

unrestricted use, ERDA did not recommend further remediation, but suggested that the residual 

contamination be licensed by the NRC as a means of further radiological control. In February 1978, 

WEC requested that the NRC amend their license to include this residual contamination (Roberts, 

1993, PDF p. 6).

On September 29, 1977, Building 10 was released and approved for demolition by the NRC (SMB353, 1977-1980, PDF p. 6).

In May 1979, the NRC informed WEC that the NRC would not amend the license and that they 

believed that the Building 7 basement should be decontaminated. In November 1979, a WEC 

contractor performed remediation in the contaminated areas. Additional remediation was conducted 

in April 1980 following the discovery of several contaminated areas during a February 1980 NRC 

survey. Following a January 1981 survey, the NRC indicated in a letter to WEC that the Building 7 

basement had been satisfactorily decontaminated (Roberts, 1993, PDF p. 6).

20 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

In February 1983, WEC sold the lamp manufacturing business to North American Philips Company 

(NAP). As part of this sale, NAP operated the Bloomfield Lamp Plant facilities, but only leased the 

plant from WEC. The NRC issued License No. SMB-1423 to NAP and terminated License No. SMB353 issued to WEC. The license issued to NAP only authorized manufacturing of products containing 

thorium. In 1984, NAP stopped thorium wire production and ceased all manufacturing operations at 

the site in 1985. By November 1986, NAP moved from the Bloomfield facility. In May 1988, the 

NRC amended the NAP license to authorize only storage of the licensed radioactive material that was 

currently at the facility. Since NAP had only leased the Bloomfield facility, WEC then took control of 

the facility (Roberts, 1993, PDF p. 6).

In November 1988, WEC submitted an application for a license to authorize D&D of the site. 

Included in the license request was a D&D plan and the results of radiological surveys conducted in 

1986 and 1988 that characterized the quantity and extent of radioactive contamination at the 

Bloomfield site. WEC also requested that the NAP license be terminated and that a new license be 

issued to WEC. In February 1989, NRC issued License No. SMB-1527 to WEC for D&D of the 

Bloomfield site and terminated NAP’s License No. SMB-1423 (Roberts, 1993, PDF p. 6).

The contaminated areas of the site were remediated from 1989 through 1990 by Scientific Ecology 

Group (SEG), a contractor for WEC. The major interior remediation work was performed in 

Buildings 2 through 6 and the garage. Significant exterior remediation work was conducted in the 

reservoir area, the incinerator, and along the railway spurs behind Buildings 4 and 6. Remediation 

activities were not performed on any of the roofs of the buildings since contamination in excess of the 

criteria was not identified on these areas. The total remediated area (interior and exterior) covered 

approximately 1,600 square meters (17,200 square feet). In May 1990, WEC submitted a report with 

the results of a confirmatory survey for Buildings 1 through 6, the garage, and property on the west 

side of Arlington Avenue, and requested these buildings and property be released for unrestricted use. 

This report also briefly discussed the extent of the remediation of each contaminated area. Specifying 

that remediation was continuing on Buildings 7, 8, and 9 and the area east of Arlington Avenue. 

WEC stated they would make a separate request to release these buildings once remediation was 

completed (Roberts, 1993, PDF p. 9).

For areas inside buildings, contaminated concrete was removed by scabbling, chipping, or grinding

with air-operated tools since contamination on these areas was generally limited to the surface of the 

floor or wall. Vacuuming was used to remove loose contamination and the residue generated during 

concrete remediation. Contaminated tile or wood floors were completely removed and disposed as 

radioactive waste. Contaminated pipe was also completely removed and disposed. Contaminated soil 

around these pipes was excavated until soil samples showed concentrations less than the criteria for 

release for unrestricted use. Drums filled with radioactive residues and piles of radioactive debris 

were packaged and disposed as radioactive waste. Contaminated equipment and fixtures that could 

not be readily cleaned (e.g., ducts, blowers and filters) were cut into pieces and disposed in a similar 

manner. Sumps or contaminated metal equipment were steam cleaned to remove contamination and 

to limit the overall volume needing disposal (Roberts, 1993, PDF p. 10).

Contamination in outside areas was handled in a manner similar to that inside buildings. Concrete 

pads were chipped or scabbled to remove contamination and the resultant debris was discarded as 

radioactive waste. In the reservoir and rail spur areas, contaminated soil was excavated from areas as 

large as 5.3 meters (17.5 feet) by 24.4 meters (80 feet). Soil contamination in excess of the acceptable 

21 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

criteria typically did not exceed a depth of 0.6 meters (2 feet). Railroad tracks and railroad ties were 

removed from the rail beds and pressure washed to remove contamination. The contaminated ash 

residue from the incinerator building and stack was collected and disposed as radioactive waste. All 

radioactive waste was sent to the SEG facility in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, for incineration, compaction, 

or repackaging. Wastes were eventually disposed at a licensed, low-level radioactive waste disposal 

facility. The waste was typically shipped in B-25 containers (strong, tight containers of 

approximately 2.5 cubic meters [90 cubic feet]) (Roberts, 1993, PDF p. 10).

In May 1990, RMC/Canberra, a health physics support contractor for WEC, submitted final release 

surveys for Buildings 1-6 to the NRC (Monitoring, 1989-1990, PDF pp. 20, 36). From March 11-16, 

1991, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) performed an over-check of the 

RMC/Canberra surveys for the NRC and found several areas of Buildings 1-6 still contaminated 

(Adams, 1992, PDF p. 19). As a result of the ORISE contamination findings, during April-September 

1991, SEG performed additional remediation of the contaminated areas (found by ORISE) over a 

period of 14 days, resulting in 53 waste shipments containing 44,000 ft3 (317 mCi) of waste 

(Bickerstaff, 1991, PDF pp. 2, 16). RMC/Canberra then performed additional surveys after SEG’s 

decontamination effort and submitted them to the NRC (Bickerstaff, 1991, PDF pp. 2, 16). On June 5, 

1992, an NRC Inspector surveyed the contaminated areas found by ORISE and remediated by SEG 

and determined that Buildings 1-6 remediation is complete. The NRC amended license SMB-1527 

and released Buildings 1-6 for unrestricted use on May 25, 1993 (Roberts, 1993, PDF p. 2).

On May 10-14, 1993, after WEC declared remediation complete, ORISE performed an independent 

confirmatory survey of Buildings 7, 8, 9, 10A, and associated properties located on the east side of 

Arlington Avenue for the NRC. ORISE identified several areas with residual radioactive 

contamination in excess of then-current decommissioning criteria (Inspection, 1994, PDF p. 5).

By December 1995, SEG completed remediation of the rest of the WEC site (Buildings 7-10) except 

for:

• Soil and bedrock beneath a portion of the Building 7 basement floor

• Subsurface storm drain with fixed (internal) contamination, partially located beneath Arlington 

Avenue

• A storm drain with fixed (internal) contamination, located beneath first floor of Building 7 (SEG, 

1996, PDF p. 8)

In summer 1999, Buildings 7 and 8 were razed (ESC, 2000, PDF p. 11).

In July 1999, the remediation of the three remaining areas was initiated and by April 30, 2000, the 

remediation of the three remaining areas was complete (ESC, 2002, PDF p. 5; Personal 

Communication, 2015h). 

In January 2001, the final-status release surveys were sent to the NRC (ESC, 2001). In May 2001, the 

NRC and the State of New Jersey’s Department of Environmental Resources were satisfied with the 

remediation results except that they requested additional information about the backfill material, and a 

dose assessment for potential groundwater exposures (Lipoti, 2001). On February 13, 2003, the 

requested dose assessment was sent to the NRC (Hendricks, 2003). The final NRC license for D&D 

22 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

was terminated on August 13, 2003, and the entire site was released for unrestricted use by the NRC 

(Costello, 2003).

5.1.2 Period of AWE-Related Residual Contamination

NIOSH is aware of decontamination activities that took place at the completion of AWE operations in 

1945 (Westinghouse, 1980, PDF p. 30) and in 1958 (Ross, 1958). NIOSH also reviewed formal D&D 

activities that started at WEC in 1976, and continued onsite (including Building 7) until 2000, as 

described previously in Section 5.1.1 of this report. Information obtained by NIOSH as part of this 

evaluation, allow for updates to the site residual contamination status as presented in the most recent 

revision of NIOSH’s Report on Residual Radioactive and Beryllium Contamination at Atomic 

Weapons Employer Facilities and Beryllium Vendor Facilities (NIOSH, 2011). As stated previously, 

the final NRC license for D&D was terminated on August 13, 2003, and the entire site was released 

for unrestricted use by the NRC (Costello, 2003). This site release decision was based upon the final 

remediation operations completed on April 30, 2000 (ESC, 2002, PDF p. 5; Personal Communication, 

2015h). Consequently, based on the sum of information from available resources including 

ERDA/DOE FUSRAP documents, AEC/NRC license termination activities, and interviews of site 

experts, NIOSH has determined that there was no potential for internal or external radiation doses 

from AWE-related residual contamination during the period from May 1, 2000 through March 1, 

2011.

5.1.3 Commercial Operations Performed Concurrently with AWE Operations

Radiation doses from commercial operations are required to be assessed during the site AWE 

operations periods for the entire site. Consequently, NIOSH reviewed available information regarding 

the site commercial operations leading up to, and during, the AWE periods in 1958 and 1959. NIOSH 

interviewed former WEC employees and representatives and asked specifically about monitoring 

records for commercial operations and has located only limited source term information. Commercial 

operations with radioactive material were performed in all eleven WEC buildings at one time or 

another throughout the site's history. NIOSH searched for monitoring and source term data from 

commercial operations for the periods from February 1, 1958 through May 31, 1958 and June 1, 1959 

through June 30, 1959; the only information found during this time frame is provided below.

The first commercial license that NIOSH has located for WEC was Atomic Energy Commission 

(AEC) license R-126, beginning on May 1, 1954. This license authorized WEC to use compounds 

with thoria content at a rate of 50 lbs. per month. These thorium compounds were used for research 

and development (R&D) in their lamp development work, as a strengthener for their tungsten 

filaments, and for the manufacture of lamps. This license also authorized WEC to use uranium in 

R&D for their lamps and in the manufacture of switches. In 1956, WEC requested a modification to 

this license to increase the amount of thorium compounds they could possess to a rate of 150 lbs. per 

month (thoria content 65 lbs. per month) (R-126, 1955-1956, PDF pp. 3-6). The 1959 renewal of this 

license increased the amount again and authorized WEC to possess 2000 lbs of source material 

(License Renewal, 1959, PDF pp. 10).

23 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

NIOSH has found the following source-term data (inventory):

• 175 lbs of thorium and 120 kg of uranium in 1956 (R-126, 1955-1956, PDF pp. 11)

• 185 lbs of thorium and 103 kg of uranium in 1957 (Kirkman, 1958, PDF p. 8)

• 191 lbs of thorium and 132 kg of uranium in 1958 (License Application, 1958, PDF pp. 12, 13)

• 100 lbs of thorium and 137 kg of uranium in 1959 (License Application, 1959, PDF pp. 8, 9)

• 293 lbs of thorium and 104 kg of uranium in 1960 (License Application, 1960, PDF pp. 7, 8).

An inspection by the New York Operations Office (Kirkman, 1958, PDF p. 6) on January 27, 1958, 

documented that:

• Operations on the third floor of Building 8 were consuming thorium compounds at a rate of 

several pounds per month, and on the second floor, gram quantities of uranium were occasionally 

used to make filaments.

• In Building 9 on the first floor, approximately 400 kg of thorium was present, of which 300 kg 

was in storage and the rest used in the production of thoriated tungsten.

• In Building 7, uranium and thorium were stored in the basement and on the first floor.

A letter written by NAP in 1986 to the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection provides 

the following building descriptions (Decontamination Efforts, 1986):

• Building 2 - Thorium emission work 1950s to 1971. 2nd floor rear.

• Building 6 - Thorium furnace area.

• Building 7 - Thorium nitrate. Room 106 through 1985.

• Building 8 - Thorium emission work prior to 1967. 3rd floor back-end of building. Equipment 

relocated to Building 10.

• Building 9 - Thorium manufacturing - ingot sintering.

• Building l0A - Thorium manufacturing lab licensed for manufacture and storage.

NIOSH had been unable to locate personnel monitoring data specific to the commercial thorium and 

uranium commercial operations indicated above.

5.2 Radiological Exposure Sources from Westinghouse Electric Corp. 

Operations

The following subsections provide an overview of the internal and external exposure sources for the 

Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey) class under evaluation.

NOTE: The additional AWE Operational Periods defined by DOL (see Section 3.2 above) are 

considerably longer than the periods of active machining during the second and third processing 

campaigns. During these AWE operations periods, all commercial exposures that occurred at the 

covered facility (i.e., Buildings 1-11) during these longer periods contribute to the Energy Employee’s 

covered exposure requiring dose reconstruction. AWE-contracted work only occurred in Building 7; 

24 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

however, non-AWE radioactive materials were utilized in all eleven buildings as part of WEC’s 

commercial operations during the AWE operational periods (Costello, 2003, PDF p. 3). NIOSH 

interviewed former WEC employees and representatives and asked specifically about monitoring 

records for commercial operations, and has not located any such records to date. NIOSH does not 

have information sufficient to evaluate these additional commercial exposures during the two AWE 

operations periods being evaluated. 

5.2.1 Internal Radiological Exposure Sources from Westinghouse Operations

The primary potential sources of internally deposited radioactivity resulting from WEC operations 

were inhalation and ingestion of uranium and thorium. This section addresses exposures to alpha 

emitting radionuclides at WEC.

5.2.1.1 Uranium

There were three separate AWE operations periods at WEC. The first of these periods began on 

August 1, 1942, and ended on December 31, 1949, which is prior to the period being evaluated in this 

report and was previously evaluated in SEC Petition Evaluation Report for Petition SEC-00159 

(NIOSH, 2010). However, the residual activity from this first operational period will be considered in 

this report. 

As described in SEC Petition Evaluation Report for Petition SEC-00159 (NIOSH, 2010), WEC’s first 

AWE contract began on August 1, 1942 (DOE, undated) in Building 7 and was completed on October 

15, 1943 (Unspecified, 1942-1943). For this first AWE contract, WEC used photochemical and 

electrolysis techniques to purify uranium oxides and nitrates to make uranium metal that was 

subsequently cast into discs, pellets, and ingots (DOE, undated). This process was capable of 

producing a total of 14.5 tons of processed uranium metal (i.e., natural isotopic abundances of U-234, 

U-235, and U-238, without the decay products from U-234, notably Ra-226 and Rn-222 progeny) 

(Costello, 2003, PDF p. 2).

WEC’s second and third AWE contracts were small-scale test rollings (i.e., elongation) of natural 

uranium metal, hollow fuel rods. The second AWE contract started on February 1, 1958, and ended 

on May 31, 1958. However, NIOSH has found indications that potential uranium machining 

exposures occurred only during operations from May 12, 1958 through May 16, 1958. During this 

second contract, eighteen 4-inch by 24-inch uranium tubes were shipped to WEC; however, only six 

tubes were tested. These tubes were first heated to 800-1200o F in an argon furnace prior to being 

rolled on the Assel mill. When a test was complete, the mill was decontaminated by filing the 

embedded uranium off of the rollers and vacuuming the debris (Ross, 1958, PDF pp. 3-4). 

The third AWE contract started on June 1, 1958 and ended on June 30, 1959; however, NIOSH found 

indications that potential uranium machining exposures occurred only during operations from June 25, 

1959 through June 29, 1959. The significant changes made for the third campaign consisted of the 

Assel mill being used at considerably slower speeds (43 rpm was used instead of 128 rpm used in the 

first test) and the tube preheat temperature being changed to 950-1200o F (Simmons, 1959, PDF p. 

73).

25 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

As indicated in Section 5.1.3, NIOSH has indications of licensed commercial uranium operations 

starting in 1954, with uranium inventories available for the years 1956 through 1960. NIOSH has 

found no operations or process descriptions, or descriptions of radiological exposure conditions, 

related to WEC’s commercial handling of uranium during these years for the production of lamp 

filaments or R&D efforts. Such information regarding the commercial handling of uranium is 

required by NIOSH for the AWE periods from February 1, 1958 through May 31, 1958, and June 1, 

1959 through June 30, 1959.

5.2.1.2 Thorium

As described in SEC Petition Evaluation Report for Petition SEC-00159 (NIOSH, 2010) and Section 

5.1 of this report, the one and only AWE contract for work with thorium ended prior to the period 

being evaluated in this report, and was previously evaluated in the SEC-00159 Evaluation Report. 

However, the radiological exposures from residual thorium activity from this earlier period will be 

considered for the period under evaluation in this report.

WEC worked with thorium for the MED under contract W-7409-ENG-31, providing thorium for the 

X-10 reactor at Oak Ridge, Tennessee (Contracts, 1945-1946, PDF p. 9). They produced a total of 

200 pounds of thorium metal in the form of bars, tubes, sheets, and wire in early 1945 (Uranium, 

undated, PDF p. 4). NIOSH has limited information on Westinghouse Electric Corp. AWE operations 

with thorium.

As indicated in Section 5.1.3, NIOSH has indications of licensed commercial thorium operations 

starting in 1954, with commercial thorium inventories available for the years 1956 through 1960. 

Indications are that the use of thoria-containing materials for the commercial production of tungsten 

filaments and lamps was increasing from 1956 through 1959. NIOSH has found no operations or 

process descriptions, or descriptions of radiological exposure conditions, related to WEC’s 

commercial handling of thorium during these years for the production of lamp filaments or R&D 

efforts. Such information regarding the commercial handling of thorium is required by NIOSH for the 

AWE periods from February 1, 1958 through May 31, 1958, and June 1, 1959 through June 30, 1959.

5.2.2 External Radiological Exposure Sources from Westinghouse Operations

Based on information available to NIOSH, WEC had the potential for external radiation (photon/beta) 

exposure from uranium source material, its decay products, and small amounts of uranium and 

thorium surface contamination present after operations ceased. 

The following subsections provide an overview of the external exposure sources at WEC.

5.2.2.1 Photon

Uranium emits both beta particles (electrons) and photons (gamma and X-rays). The two primordial 

components of natural uranium are U-238 and U-235, but some of their decay products grow into 

equilibrium fast enough to contribute to worker exposures during metal processing. External 

exposures to photon radiation would have resulted from the immediate daughter radionuclides in the 

uranium decay chain. The uranium progeny that result in the most significant photon exposures 

include Th-234 and Pa 234m (Rad Handbook, 1970). Note that these isotopes have relatively short 

26 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

half-lives and can be assumed to be in equilibrium with the parent U-238. Because of their short halflives, the exposure potential from these isotopes would follow the parent and will not be considered 

separately in this document.

Uranium-235 emits alpha particles and gamma photons in about 70% of its transitions, but occurs at 

0.720% abundance in natural uranium. 

The majority of the photons from natural uranium metals are in the 30-250 keV energy range 

(Battelle-TBD-6000). However, solid uranium objects provide considerable shielding of the lower 

energy photons and “harden” the spectrum, causing the majority of photons emitted from a solid 

uranium object (e.g., a slug or rod) to have energies greater than 250 keV. While it is recognized that 

solid uranium sources will have a hardened photon spectrum, exposure to a thin layer of uranium on a 

surface will result in a larger fraction of exposure to lower-energy photons (Battelle-TBD-6000).

The beta and photon emissions of the radionuclides of major external exposure concern can be found 

in most standard health physics reference documents. Exposure to these emissions was possible for 

the period under evaluation during metal-handling activities and from submersion in contaminated air. 

Therefore, for the purposes of this evaluation, deep-dose estimates from the uranium sources at WEC 

are evenly distributed between photons with E=30-250 keV and photons with E= >250 keV.

Thorium has a significant number of higher-energy photons in the Th-232 decay chain. Based on the 

half-lives of the progeny, only a partial equilibrium is possible; therefore, it is conservative to state 

that equilibrium would be reached in this decay chain. It has been assumed that Ra-228 and Th-228 

progeny were in equilibrium with Th-232. Under this assumption, the progeny are the major source 

of both penetrating and non-penetrating external exposure. 

5.2.2.2 Beta

Beta particle radiation was the dominant source of external radiation exposure associated with 

uranium-machining activities at WEC, primarily from U-238 decay products. For example, nearly the 

entire beta radiation field from uranium comes from the daughter radionuclide Pa-234m, and to a 

lesser extent from Th-234. The surface beta dose-rate from a uranium slab is approximately 233 mrad 

per hour.

Beta doses to the skin, extremities, and (sometimes) the lens of the eye can be limiting in facilities that 

process uranium. Potentially significant skin exposure from uranium occurs primarily from the Pa234m beta particles at tissue depths of 4 mg/cm2 and greater. At 2.29-MeV (Emax), beta particles 

from Pa-234m are the most energetic contributors to the beta exposure.

There are a significant number of high-energy betas representing a shallow dose concern for WEC 

workers. Workers who handled uranium metal at WEC would have received these shallow doses. 

The primary exposure areas would have been the hands and forearms, the neck and face, and other 

areas of the body that were not covered.

27 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

5.2.2.3 Neutron

Neutron exposures were not evaluated for WEC because they are negligible for natural-uranium 

metal-handling facilities (Battelle-TBD-6000), and for the residual quantities of thorium present 

during the evaluated period (ORAUT-OTIB-0024). 

5.2.3 Incidents

NIOSH is aware of small fires that occurred during uranium machining operations during the second 

AWE operational period in May 1958 (Ross, 1958). A site visit report by a HASL representative 

states:

When the tube enters the mill a large amount of sparking occurs. This causes small fires in the 

mill and an appreciable amount of smoke (assumed to be UO2) is released into the atmosphere.

During the rolling operation several small fires were observed in the mill and the area beneath it.

The first tube in the mill was chewed up by the rolls. This was accompanied by a great deal of 

smoke and sparks from burning uranium.

The HASL representative collected air samples after several fires and made recommendations to WEC 

to ensure mitigation of the problem and to prevent future occurrences. NIOSH has not reviewed 

reports of additional fires occurring as part of subsequent AWE operations.

To date, NIOSH has not discovered any events at WEC that would be inconsistent with machining 

operations typical of this time period and described in Battelle-TBD-6000.

6.0 Summary of Available Monitoring Data for the Class Evaluated 

by NIOSH

The following subsections provide an overview of the state of the available internal and external 

monitoring data for the Westinghouse Electric Corp. class under evaluation. NIOSH has reviewed 

monitoring data from WEC’s commercial and D&D operations; however, data that do not pertain to 

covered operations will only be summarized here.

NIOSH has determined that there was no potential for internal or external radiation doses from AWErelated residual contamination during the period from May 1, 2000 through March 1, 2011. 

Consequently, although the period from May 1, 2000 through March 1, 2011, is evaluated in this 

report, dose reconstruction is not required for this period.

6.1 Available Westinghouse Electric Corp. Internal Monitoring Data

NIOSH has reviewed a report of an AWE period HASL site visit conducted from May 12 through 

May 16, 1958. The purpose of the HASL visit was to observe the health and safety aspects of 

machining uranium and to supervise and ensure decontamination of WEC. During the visit, HASL 

performed gross alpha air monitoring prior to work, during work, and after decontamination. HASL 

collected 7 breathing zone (BZ) air samples that ranged from 3 to 6595 dpm/m3 and 39 general area

28 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

(GA) air samples that ranged from 1 to 4395 dpm/m3 (see Figure 7.1). The BZ samples were 

collected while transferring the uranium fuel tubes from the Argon furnace to the Assel mill, and 

during mill operations. The GA samples were collected before, during, and after Assel mill, stripper, 

and Argon furnace operations. GA samples were also collected after several small fires caused by 

rolling operations, and at the completion of all clean up and decontamination. HASL also 

documented that a representative from Health and Safety should be present to evaluate the process and 

supervise the decontamination during subsequent test rollings at WEC (Ross, 1958).

NIOSH has also reviewed data from gross alpha air monitoring performed during subsequent AWE 

period rollings on June 25, 1959 through June 29, 1959 (see Figures 7.2-7.5). During these 

operations, 7 BZ air samples were collected that ranged from 185 to 5551 dpm/m3 and 20 GA air 

samples that ranged from no detectable to 3816 dpm/m3. The BZ samples were collected during mill 

rolling and stripping operations. The GA samples were collected before, during, and after Assel mill, 

stripper and Argon furnace operations. GA samples were also collected during tube inspections and 

while vacuuming a half hour after rolling ceased (Monitoring, 1959).

NIOSH has been unable to locate internal monitoring data related to WEC commercial operations 

during the period from January 1, 1950 through April 30, 2000, including the two AWE operations 

periods. NIOSH interviewed former WEC employees and representatives and asked specifically 

about monitoring records for commercial operations, and has not located any such records to date. 

Radiation doses from commercial operations are required to be assessed during the site AWE 

operations periods.

6.2 Available Westinghouse Electric Corp. External Monitoring Data

NIOSH has not discovered any dosimetry data for covered AWE work. However, one AWE-period

document shows that the May 12 through May 16, 1958 uranium machining work area was 

decontaminated after operations were complete, and a survey of the work area and mill showed that 

radiation levels were less than 0.1 mrep/hr beta gamma (Ross, 1958, PDF p. 4).

Seventy-eight employees were monitored for external penetrating radiation and assigned film badges 

during the year of 1960. All results were in the zero to 1 REM range for the year, as reported to the 

New York Operations Office of HASL (Monitoring, 1960, PDF p. 39).

WEC’s commercial license required the use of film badge dosimeters beginning in 1961 (SMB-353, 

1961-1962). Another report describing WEC’s commercial operations states that film badges were 

placed in designated areas and worn by all personnel performing work and were read monthly by 

Landauer. Hand exposures were evaluated by timing the operations and measuring radiation levels at 

the hand location. The highest recorded exposure in this report was 45 mr/yr (SMB-353, 1964, PDF 

p. 13).

A 1970 report from an AEC inspection documents that Landauer reports were reviewed for 1969-

1970, with most recorded doses being less than detectable and the highest quarter was 450 mr wholebody and 490 mr on a ring dosimeter (SMB-353, 1970, PDF p. 6).

29 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

NIOSH has been unable to locate additional external monitoring data related to WEC commercial 

operations during the period from January 1, 1950 through April 30, 2000, including the two AWE 

operations periods. NIOSH interviewed former WEC employees and representatives and asked 

specifically about monitoring records for commercial operations, and has not located any such records

to date. Radiation doses from commercial operations are required to be assessed during the site AWE 

operations periods. 

7.0 Feasibility of Dose Reconstruction for the Class Evaluated by 

NIOSH

The feasibility determinations for the class of employees under evaluation in this report are governed

by both EEOICPA and 42 C.F.R. § 83.13(c)(1). Under that Act and rule, NIOSH must establish 

whether or not it has access to sufficient information either to estimate the maximum radiation dose 

for every type of cancer for which radiation doses are reconstructed that could have been incurred 

under plausible circumstances by any member of the class, or to estimate the radiation doses to

members of the class more precisely than a maximum dose estimate. If NIOSH has access to 

sufficient information for either case, NIOSH would then determine that it would be feasible to 

conduct dose reconstructions.

In determining feasibility, NIOSH begins by evaluating whether current or completed NIOSH dose 

reconstructions demonstrate the feasibility of estimating with sufficient accuracy the potential 

radiation exposures of the class. If the conclusion is one of infeasibility, NIOSH systematically 

evaluates the sufficiency of different types of monitoring data, process and source or source term data, 

which together or individually might assure that NIOSH can estimate either the maximum doses that 

members of the class might have incurred, or more precise quantities that reflect the variability of 

exposures experienced by groups or individual members of the class. This approach is discussed in 

DCAS’s SEC Petition Evaluation Internal Procedures which are available at 

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas. The next four major subsections of this Evaluation Report examine:

• The sufficiency and reliability of the available data. (Section 7.1)

• The feasibility of reconstructing internal radiation doses. (Section 7.2)

• The feasibility of reconstructing external radiation doses. (Section 7.3)

• The bases for petition SEC-00217 as submitted by the petitioner. (Section 7.4)

7.1 Pedigree of Westinghouse Electric Corp. Data

This subsection answers questions that need to be asked before performing a feasibility evaluation. 

Data Pedigree addresses the background, history, and origin of the data. It requires looking at site 

methodologies that may have changed over time; primary versus secondary data sources and whether 

they match; and whether data are internally consistent. All these issues form the bedrock of the 

researcher’s confidence and later conclusions about the data’s quality, credibility, reliability, 

representativeness, and sufficiency for determining the feasibility of dose reconstruction. The 

feasibility evaluation presupposes that data pedigree issues have been settled.

30 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

7.1.1 Internal Monitoring Data Pedigree Review

NIOSH has not discovered any bioassay data. However air monitoring data are available from which 

to determine worker doses during uranium operations from May 12, 1958 through May 16. 1958 and 

June 25, 1959 through June 29, 1959. The data sources are copies of original reports and are therefore 

considered primary data sources. The data reported by AEC representatives would have been 

collected in accordance with standard practices using state-of-the-art methods of the day.

7.1.2 External Monitoring Data Pedigree Review

NIOSH has not discovered any dosimetry data for covered work. However, NIOSH has reviewed one 

document that reports radiation levels for the AWE operations area on May 16, 1958. The data source 

is a copy of an original report and is therefore considered to be a primary data source. The data 

reported by AEC representatives would have been collected in accordance with standard practices 

using state-of-the-art methods of the day.

7.2 Evaluation of Bounding Internal Radiation Doses at Westinghouse Electric 

Corp.

During AWE operations periods (February 1, 1958 through May 31, 1958, and June 1, 1959 through 

June 30, 1959), the principal source of AWE-related internal radiation doses for members of the class 

under evaluation was the potential inhalation and ingestion of airborne uranium by employees, both 

those nearby and those directly involved in AWE-related machining at WEC. During these 1958 and 

1959 AWE operations periods, NIOSH must also evaluate WEC’s concurrent commercial radiological 

work with uranium and thorium, as presented in Section 5.1.3. NIOSH has found no operations or 

process descriptions, or personnel monitoring data, related to WEC’s commercial handling of uranium 

and thorium during these periods.

During residual radiation periods, the principal source of AWE-related internal radiation doses was 

the resuspension of surface contamination created from previous uranium and thorium operations. 

NIOSH has determined that there was no potential for internal or external radiation doses from AWErelated residual contamination during the period from May 1, 2000 through March 1, 2011. 

Consequently, although the period from May 1, 2000 through March 1, 2011 is evaluated in this 

report, dose reconstruction is not required for this period. The following subsections address the 

ability to bound internal doses, methods for bounding doses, and the feasibility of internal dose 

reconstruction.

31 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

7.2.1 Evaluation of Bounding AWE Process-Related Internal Doses

NIOSH reviewed the AWE, commercial, and D&D activities at WEC and has an understanding of the 

AWE and D&D operations. However, NIOSH at this time does not have a sufficient understanding of 

WEC’s uranium and thorium commercial radiological activities that were performed concurrently 

with AWE operations. NIOSH has been unable to locate internal monitoring data related to WEC 

commercial operations during the period from January 1, 1950 through April 30, 2000, including the 

two AWE operations periods. Radiation doses from commercial operations are required to be 

assessed during the site AWE operations periods. For this reason, NIOSH finds it is not feasible to 

estimate internal exposures with sufficient accuracy for all workers at the site during the period from 

February 1, 1958 through May 31, 1958, or during the period from June 1, 1959 through June 30, 

1959.

NIOSH can however, for the purpose of partial dose reconstruction, bound AWE operational period 

process-related internal doses from uranium exposures using data from air monitoring during AWE 

operations, and using methodology as described in Battelle-TBD-6000 and OCAS-TIB-009, for the 

following operations during the period under evaluation:

• Operations associated with the uranium machining project for Fernald from May 12, 1958 through 

May 14, 1958

• Operations associated with the uranium machining project for Fernald from June 25, 1959 through 

June 29, 1959

Airborne Levels

NIOSH has reviewed a report of a HASL site visit conducted from May 12, 1958 through May 16, 

1958. During the visit, HASL performed gross alpha air monitoring prior to work, during work, and 

after decontamination. HASL collected 7 breathing zone air samples that ranged from 3 to 6595 

dpm/m3 and 39 general area air samples that ranged from 1 to 4395 dpm/m3

. See Figure 7.1 for air 

dust sample results from this report. HASL also documented that a representative from Health and 

Safety should be present to evaluate the process and supervise the decontamination during subsequent 

test rollings at WEC (Ross, 1958).

NIOSH has also reviewed data from gross alpha air monitoring performed during subsequent rollings 

on June 25, 1959 through June 29, 1959. During these operations, 7 breathing zone air samples were 

collected that ranged from 185 to 5551 dpm/m3 and 20 general area air samples that ranged from no 

detectable to 3816 dpm/m3 (Monitoring, 1959). See Figures 7.2-7.5 for air dust sample results from 

this report.

32 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

Source: Ross, 1958

Figure 7.1: Air dust sample results, May 12-16, 1958 

33 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

Source: Monitoring, 1959

Figure 7.2: Air dust sample results, June 25, 1959 

Source: Monitoring, 1959

Figure 7.3: Air dust sample results, June 25, 1959 

34 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

Source: Monitoring, 1959

Figure 7.4: Air dust sample results, June 26, 1959 

Source: Monitoring, 1959

Figure 7.5: Air dust sample results, June 29, 1959 

7.2.2 Evaluation of Bounding Residual Period Internal Doses

NIOSH can bound residual radiation period internal doses from uranium and thorium to WEC 

workers using data from air monitoring during AWE operations, and applying methodology as 

described in Battelle-TBD-6000, ORAUT-OTIB-0070, and OCAS-TIB-009, for the following periods 

during the class under evaluation:

• January 1, 1950 through January 31, 1958

• June 1, 1958 through May 31, 1959

• July 1, 1959 through April 30, 2000

35 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

7.2.3 Methods for Bounding Internal Dose at Westinghouse Electric Corp.

7.2.3.1 Methods for Bounding AWE Operational Period Internal Dose

All of the 1958/1959 AWE work was associated with uranium. Therefore, during these operations, all 

of the air monitoring gross alpha content is assumed to be uranium when estimating worker doses. 

NIOSH will derive the personal ingestion rates with methodologies presented in OCAS-TIB-009.

May 12, 1958 through May 16, 1958 Operations Period

NIOSH will use the maximum gross alpha air concentration sample (6595 dpm/m3) collected during 

this period and apply it in a constant manner to model activity available for inhalation and ingestion 

by operator/rad production personnel.

June 25, 1959 through June 29, 1959 Operations Period

NIOSH will use the maximum gross alpha air concentration sample (5551 dpm/m3) collected during 

this period and apply it in a constant manner to model activity available for inhalation and ingestion 

by operator/rad production personnel.

Bounding Method for Personnel Other Than Operator/Rad Production Personnel

NIOSH will use Battelle-TBD-6000 methodology to bound air concentrations for classes of workers 

with less exposure potential or that spent less time in the machining area than the operator/rad 

production personnel, as follows:

• For rad production support personnel, NIOSH will assume they were exposed to half the air 

concentration as that for the operator/rad production personnel.

• For personnel with primary responsibilities in the non-rad production area, NIOSH will assume 

they were exposed to half the air concentration as that for the rad production support personnel.

• For administrative /non-production area personnel, NIOSH will assume they were exposed to 10% 

of the air concentration as that for the personnel with primary responsibilities in the non-rad 

production area.

7.2.3.2 Methods for Bounding Residual Period Internal Dose 

All of the air samples used to create these bounding methods were initially analyzed for gross alpha 

content; therefore, NIOSH will choose the most claimant-favorable mixture of thorium (from 

potentially the 1st operational period prior to 1950) or uranium when estimating worker doses. 

NIOSH will derive the personal ingestion rate with methodologies presented in OCAS-TIB-009.

January 1, 1950 through January 31, 1958 Residual Radiation Period

During the 2nd operational period, an on-site representative from HASL collected 15 general-area,

gross-alpha air samples “before any work was done” (see Figure 7.1 above) (Ross, 1958). NIOSH 

will assume that the maximum average air sample from these 15 pre-work samples (12 dpm/m3

), is 

representative of the residual contamination generated during the first operational period and then was 

resuspended and available for sampling by HASL before any work was done during the subsequent 

operational period. 

36 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

NIOSH will use the ORAUT-OTIB-0070 default depletion constant to model the build-up of this air 

concentration for each year back to January 1, 1950. This calculated amount of activity would have 

been available for inhalation and ingestion by personnel during each year of this residual radiation 

period. 

June 1, 1958 through May 31, 1959 Residual Radiation Period

During the 2nd operational period, an on-site representative from HASL collected 4 general-area,

gross-alpha air samples “after all clean-up and decontamination work was done” (see Figure 7.1 

above) (Ross, 1958). NIOSH will assume that the average of these 4 samples (12 dpm/m3

) is 

representative of the air concentration at the start of this residual radiation period. Since the length of 

this residual radiation period is approximately one year, no source term depletion was applied.

NIOSH will apply the air concentration of 12 dpm/m3 in a constant manner to model activity available 

for inhalation and ingestion by personnel during this period.

July 1, 1959 through April 30, 2000 Residual Radiation Period

During the 3rd operational period, there were 27 gross-alpha air samples collected (see Figures 7.2-7.5

above) (Monitoring, 1959). NIOSH will use highest air sample (5551 dpm/m3) collected during these 

operations, and use the settling and resuspension method presented in Battelle-TBD-6000 to estimate 

the airborne concentration at the beginning of the subsequent residual radiation period. The estimate 

of surface contamination will be made by assuming continuous settling of this airborne radioactive 

material at a rate of 0.00075 m/s for 5 days.

This settled activity is assumed to have been resuspended during ongoing moderate WEC operations 

with the application of a resuspension factor of 1 x 10-5 m-1 to provide an air concentration on July 1, 

1959 for the start of the residual radiation period.

WEC operations did not generate any “new” airborne radioactivity from covered work after June 30, 

1959. Therefore, NIOSH will deplete the July 1, 1959 airborne concentration down based on 

guidance in ORAUT-OTIB-0070. This amount of activity would have been available for inhalation 

and ingestion by personnel during each year of this period.

November 1, 1976 through April 30, 2000 D&D Activities 

There is no remediation period listed for WEC in the DOE-HSS Facilities database, and NIOSH has 

found no indication that D&D was performed at DOE direction or expense. However, NIOSH is 

aware of several iterations of D&D that occurred with Building 7. Some of the D&D activities 

performed at WEC, as described in Section 5.1.1 of this report, utilized aggressive techniques such as 

scabbling, chipping, and grinding with air-operated tools. To estimate the exposures associated with 

these vigorous activities that increased contamination resuspension, NIOSH will increase the 

resuspension factor used in the residual radiation model during any D&D period from 1 x 10-5 m-1 to 1 

x 10-4 m-1 to determine the amount of activity that would have been available for inhalation and 

ingestion by personnel. This modified resuspension factor was obtained using guidance from 

ORAUT-OTIB-0070 that shows increased resuspension rates for vigorous activities.

• For production area personnel, during the residual radiation periods there are no AWE-related 

radiological production operations; therefore, the intakes above for the residual radiation period 

will apply to all non-administrative workers in the production areas.

37 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

• For administrative/non-production area personnel, NIOSH will assume they were exposed to 10% 

of the air concentration as that for the personnel with primary responsibilities in the non-rad 

production area.

7.2.4 Internal Dose Reconstruction Feasibility Conclusion

NIOSH concludes that there are methods available in Battelle-TBD-6000, OCAS-TIB-009, and 

ORAUT-OTIB-0070, as well as available air data and operational descriptions, so that internal 

radiation doses can be completely reconstructed with sufficient accuracy for all AWE employees 

during the following periods under evaluation:

• All employees during the residual radiation period from January 1, 1950 through January 31, 1958

• All employees during the residual radiation period from June 1, 1958 through May 31, 1959

• All employees during the residual radiation period from July 1, 1959 through April 30, 2000

NIOSH does not have a sufficient understanding of the WEC uranium and thorium commercial 

radiological activities that were performed concurrently with AWE operations. NIOSH has been 

unable to locate internal monitoring data related to WEC commercial operations during the period 

from January 1, 1950 through April 30, 2000, including the two AWE operations periods. Radiation 

doses from commercial operations are required to be assessed during the site AWE operations periods. 

For this reason, NIOSH finds it is not feasible to estimate internal exposures with sufficient accuracy 

for all workers at the site during the period from February 1, 1958 through May 31, 1958, or during 

the period from June 1, 1959 through June 30. 1959.

NIOSH concludes that there are methods available in Battelle-TBD-6000, OCAS-TIB-009, and 

ORAUT-OTIB-0070, as well as available air data and operational descriptions, so that internal 

radiation doses can be fully reconstructed for the purpose of partial dose reconstructions for the 

following:

• AWE operations associated with the uranium machining project for Fernald from May 12, 1958 

through May 14, 1958

• AWE operations associated with the uranium machining project for Fernald from June 25, 1959 

through June 29, 1959

NIOSH does not have access to sufficient personnel monitoring, workplace monitoring, or source 

term data to estimate potential internal exposures to uranium and thorium associated with commercial 

operations during the period of AWE operations. Consequently, NIOSH finds that it is not feasible to 

estimate with sufficient accuracy internal exposures to uranium and thorium and resulting doses for 

Atomic Weapons Employees during the periods from February 1, 1958 through May 31, 1958, and 

June 1, 1959 through June 30. 1959.

Although NIOSH found that it is not possible to completely reconstruct internal radiation doses for the 

periods from February 1, 1958 through May 31, 1958, and June 1, 1959 through June 30. 1959, 

NIOSH intends to use any internal monitoring data that may become available for an individual claim 

(and that can be interpreted using existing NIOSH dose reconstruction processes or procedures). Dose 

reconstructions for individuals employed at Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey) during the 

38 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

periods from February 1, 1958 through May 31, 1958, and June 1, 1959 through June 30. 1959, but 

who do not qualify for inclusion in the SEC, may be performed using these data as appropriate.

7.3 Evaluation of Bounding External Radiation Doses at Westinghouse Electric 

Corp.

During AWE operations periods (February 1, 1958 through May 31, 1958, and June 1, 1959 through 

June 30, 1959), the principal source of external radiation doses for members of the evaluated class was 

exposure to gamma and beta radiation associated with handling and working in proximity to uranium. 

Some employees were also potentially exposed to radiation from resuspended contamination from 

uranium- and thorium-contaminated surfaces and the floor during the course of their work.

During residual radiation periods, the principal source of AWE-related external radiation doses was 

the resuspension of surface contamination created from previous uranium and thorium operations, 

including radiation from uranium- and thorium-contaminated surfaces and the floor. 

NIOSH has determined that there was no potential for internal or external radiation doses from AWErelated residual contamination during the period from May 1, 2000 through March 1, 2011. 

Consequently, although this report evaluates the period from May 1, 2000 through March 1, 2011, 

dose reconstruction is not required for this period. The following subsections address the ability to 

bound external doses, methods for bounding doses, and the feasibility of external dose reconstruction.

7.3.1 Evaluation of Bounding AWE Process-Related External Doses

NIOSH reviewed the AWE, commercial, and D&D activities at WEC and has an understanding of the 

AWE and D&D operations. However, NIOSH at this time does not have a sufficient understanding of 

WEC’s uranium and thorium commercial radiological activities that were performed concurrently 

with AWE operations. NIOSH has been unable to locate external monitoring data related to WEC 

commercial operations during the period from January 1, 1950 through April 30, 2000, including the 

two AWE operations periods. Radiation doses from commercial operations are required to be 

assessed during the site AWE operations periods. For this reason, NIOSH finds it is not feasible to 

estimate external exposures with sufficient accuracy for all workers at the site during the period from 

February 1, 1958 through May 31, 1958, or during the period from June 1, 1959 through June 30, 

1959.

NIOSH can however, for the purpose of partial dose reconstructions, bound AWE operational 

process-related external doses from uranium exposures using methodology as described in BattelleTBD-6000 for the following operations during the period under evaluation:

• Operations associated with the uranium machining project for Fernald from May 12, 1958 through 

May 14, 1958 

• Operations associated with the uranium machining project for Fernald from June 25, 1959 through 

June 29, 1959

39 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

Area Monitoring Data

NIOSH reviewed one 1958 AWE period document that shows that the uranium machining work area 

was decontaminated after operations were complete. A survey of the work area and mill showed that 

radiation levels were less than 0.1 mrep/hour beta gamma (Ross, 1958, PDF p. 4).

7.3.2 Evaluation of Bounding Residual Period External Doses

NIOSH can bound residual radiation period external doses from uranium and thorium to WEC 

workers using data from air monitoring during AWE operations, and applying methodology as 

described in Battelle-TBD-6000, ORAUT-OTIB-0070, and the Environmental Protection Agency’s 

Federal Guidance Report No. 12, External Exposure to Radionuclides in Air, Water, and Soil (EPAFGR-12), for the following periods during the class under evaluation:

• January 1, 1950 through January 31, 1958

• June 1, 1958 through May 31, 1959

• July 1, 1959 through April 30, 2000

7.3.3 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Occupational X-Ray Examinations

NIOSH examined available references and claim file records and found one 1942 document speaking 

of “active medical supervision" at Westinghouse Bloomfield. NIOSH has found no data relevant to 

medical X-rays at WEC during either AWE period under evaluation. Medical X-rays are not required 

to be considered during residual radiation periods. Per ORAUT-OTIB-0006 and ORAUT-OTIB0079, in the absence of information to the contrary, NIOSH assumes that medical X-ray examinations 

were performed onsite during the AWE period.

NIOSH has determined that adequate reconstruction of medical X-ray dose is likely feasible using 

claimant-favorable assumptions in the technical information bulletins ORAUT-OTIB-0006 and 

ORAUT-OTIB-0079.

7.3.4 Methods for Bounding External Dose at Westinghouse Electric Corp.

There is an established protocol for assessing external exposure when performing dose reconstructions 

(these protocol steps are discussed in the following subsections):

• Photon Dose

• Beta Dose

• Neutron Dose

• Medical X-ray Dose (as applicable per Section 7.3.3)

40 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

7.3.4.1 Methods for Bounding AWE Operational Period External Dose

Photon Dose

Section 5.1 of this report discusses the quantity, size, and time periods that uranium rods were 

machined at WEC. Although no external personnel monitoring data are available to NIOSH for WEC 

employees, Table 6-1 of Battelle-TBD-6000 provides dose rates at the surface, one foot, and one 

meter from various uranium shapes, and will be used to bound the AWE operational period photon 

doses. 

Beta Dose

Section 5.1.1 of this report discusses the quantity, size, and time periods that uranium rods were 

machined at WEC. Although no external personnel monitoring data are available to NIOSH for WEC 

employees, Table 6-3 of Battelle-TBD-6000 provides dose rates to the hands and forearm, and other 

skin from bare uranium metal, and will be used to bound the AWE operational period non-penetrating 

radiation doses.

Neutron Dose

Neutron exposures were not evaluated for WEC because they are negligible for natural-uranium 

metal-handling facilities (Battelle-TBD-6000) and for the residual quantities of thorium present during 

the evaluated period (ORAUT-OTIB-0024).

Medical X-ray Dose

NIOSH has not reviewed information that indicates medical X-ray examinations were NOT performed 

at WEC. Therefore, NIOSH will assume that pre-employment, annual, and termination PA 

radiographic chest X-ray screenings were performed for workers. NIOSH will bound doses using 

ORAUT-OTIB-0006.

7.3.4.2 Methods for Bounding Residual Period External Doses

Although no external personnel monitoring data are available to NIOSH for WEC, residual period 

radiation doses can be bound by using the air concentrations modeled in Section 7.2.3.2 of this report, 

ORAUT-OTIB-0070, and EPA-FGR-12 to model the doses from contaminated surfaces and air 

submersion.

7.3.5 External Dose Reconstruction Feasibility Conclusion

NIOSH concludes that there are methods available in Battelle-TBD-6000, EPA-FGR-12, and 

ORAUT-OTIB-0070, as well as available air data and operational descriptions, so that external 

radiation doses can be completely reconstructed with sufficient accuracy for all AWE employees 

during the following periods under evaluation:

• All employees during the residual radiation period from January 1, 1950 through January 31, 1958

• All employees during the residual radiation period from June 1, 1958 through May 31, 1959

• All employees during the residual radiation period from July 1, 1959 through April 30, 2000

41 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

NIOSH does not have a sufficient understanding of the WEC uranium and thorium commercial 

radiological activities that were performed concurrently with AWE operations. NIOSH has been 

unable to locate external monitoring data related to WEC commercial operations during the period 

from January 1, 1950 through April 30, 2000, including the two AWE operations periods. Radiation 

doses from commercial operations are required to be assessed during the site AWE operations periods. 

For this reason, NIOSH finds it is not feasible to estimate external exposures with sufficient accuracy 

for all workers at the site during the period from February 1, 1958 through May 31, 1958, or during 

the period from June 1, 1959 through June 30, 1959.

NIOSH concludes that there are methods available in Battelle-TBD-6000, EPA-FGR-12, and 

ORAUT-OTIB-0070, as well as available air data and operational descriptions, so that external 

radiation doses can be fully reconstructed for the purpose of partial dose reconstructions for the 

following:

• AWE operations associated with the uranium machining project for Fernald from May 12, 1958 

through May 14, 1958 

• AWE operations associated with the uranium machining project for Fernald from June 25, 1959 

through June 29, 1959

NIOSH does not have access to sufficient personnel monitoring, workplace monitoring, or source 

term data to estimate potential external exposures to uranium and thorium associated with commercial 

operations during the period of AWE operations. Consequently, NIOSH finds that it is not feasible to 

estimate with sufficient accuracy external exposures to uranium and thorium and resulting doses for 

Atomic Weapons Employees during the periods of February 1, 1958 through May 31, 1958, and June 

1, 1959 through June 30, 1959.

Although NIOSH found that it is not possible to completely reconstruct external radiation doses for 

the period from February 1, 1958 through May 31, 1958, and June 1, 1959 through June 30. 1959, 

NIOSH intends to use any external monitoring data that may become available for an individual claim 

(and that can be interpreted using existing NIOSH dose reconstruction processes or procedures). Dose 

reconstructions for individuals employed at Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey) during the 

period from February 1, 1958 through May 31, 1958, and June 1, 1959 through June 30. 1959, but 

who do not qualify for inclusion in the SEC, may be performed using these data as appropriate.

7.4 Evaluation of Petition Basis for SEC-00217

The following subsections evaluate the assertions made on behalf of petition SEC-00217 for 

Westinghouse Electric Corp.

7.4.1 Lack of Pre-1976 Survey Data

Assertion: During the period, 1950 to 1976, no radiation readings were taken. The first testing of 

WEC facilities occurred in 1976.

Response: NIOSH was able to locate some survey data from commercial and MED operations during 

the period from 1950 to 1976 and have included those data in Section 6 of this report.

42 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp. 

7.4.2 Lack of Pre-1976 External Dosimetry 

Assertion: The employees did not wear monitoring badges for exposures during the period from 1950 

to 1976.

Response: NIOSH currently has not located copies of any monitoring records. However, NIOSH was 

able to locate the following: license requirements for external personal monitoring, reports where 

AEC inspectors reviewed the monitoring records and documented the highest doses, and documents 

indicating that film badges were read monthly by Landauer. NIOSH also interviewed D&D workers 

that witnessed the use of these dosimeters during their work. 

7.5 Summary of Feasibility Findings for Petition SEC-00217

This report evaluates the feasibility for completing dose reconstructions for employees at 

Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey) from January 1, 1950 through March 1, 2011. NIOSH 

found that the available monitoring records, process descriptions, and source term data available are 

not sufficient to complete dose reconstructions for all of the evaluated class of employees.

Information obtained by NIOSH as part of this evaluation, allowed for updates to the site residual 

contamination status (see Section 5.1.2). Based on the sum of site remediation information from 

available resources, including interviews of site experts, NIOSH has determined that there was no 

potential for internal or external radiation doses from AWE-related residual contamination during the 

period from May 1, 2000 through March 1, 2011. Consequently, although the period from May 1, 

2000 through March 1, 2011 is evaluated in this report, dose reconstruction is not required for this 

period. 

Table 7-1: Summary of Feasibility Findings for SEC-00217

This table spans multiple pages.

Source of Exposure Reconstruction Feasible Reconstruction Not Feasible

January 1, 1950 through January 31, 1958 (residual radiation period)

Internal X 

External X 

 - Gamma X

 - Beta X

 - Occupational Medical X-ray N/A

Source of Exposure Reconstruction Feasible Reconstruction Not Feasible

February 1, 1958 through May 31, 1958 (AWE operations)

Internal X1

External X1

 - Gamma X

 - Beta X

 - Occupational Medical X-ray X

43 of 58 
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp. 

Table 7-1: Summary of Feasibility Findings for SEC-00217

This table spans multiple pages.

Source of Exposure Reconstruction Feasible Reconstruction Not Feasible

June 1, 1958 through May 31, 1959 (residual radiation period)

Internal X 

External X 

 - Gamma X

 - Beta X

 - Occupational Medical X-ray N/A

Source of Exposure Reconstruction Feasible Reconstruction Not Feasible

June 1, 1959 through June 30, 1959 (AWE operations)

Internal X2

External X2

 - Gamma X

 - Beta X

 - Occupational Medical X-ray X

Source of Exposure Reconstruction Feasible Reconstruction Not Feasible

July 1, 1959 through April 30, 2000 (residual radiation period)

Internal X 

External X 

 - Gamma X

 - Beta X

 - Occupational Medical X-ray N/A

Source of Exposure Reconstruction Feasible Reconstruction Not Feasible

May 1, 2000 through March 1, 2011 (previously defined residual radiation period)

Internal N/A3

External N/A3

 - Gamma N/A

 - Beta N/A

 - Occupational Medical X-ray N/A

Notes:

1 For the purpose of partial dose reconstruction, NIOSH is able to reconstruct doses for AWE operations associated with 

uranium machining for Fernald from May 12, 1958 through May 16, 1958. NIOSH is unable to reconstruct doses 

associated with non-AEC commercial operations during the period from February 1, 1958 through May 31, 1958.

2 For the purpose of partial dose reconstruction, NIOSH is able to reconstruct doses for AWE operations associated with 

uranium machining for Fernald from June 25, 1959 through June 29, 1959. NIOSH is unable to reconstruct doses 

associated with non-AEC commercial operations during the period from June 1, 1959 through June 30, 1959.

3 NIOSH had determined the site was decontaminated sufficiently for unrestricted release on April 30, 2000. NIOSH has 

determined that there was no potential for internal or external radiation doses from AWE-related residual contamination 

during the period from May 1, 2000 through March 1, 2011.

44 of 58 
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

As of March 4, 2015, a total of 41 claims have been submitted to NIOSH for individuals who worked 

at Westinghouse Electric Corp. during the period under evaluation in this report. Dose 

reconstructions have been completed for 37 individuals (~90%).

Although NIOSH found that it is not possible to completely reconstruct radiation doses for the 

proposed class, NIOSH intends to use any internal and external monitoring data that may become 

available for an individual claim (and that can be interpreted using existing NIOSH dose 

reconstruction processes or procedures). Therefore, dose reconstructions for individuals employed at 

Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey) during the period from February 1, 1958 through May 31, 

1958, or during the period from June 1, 1959 through June 30. 1959, but who do not qualify for 

inclusion in the SEC, may be performed using these data as appropriate.

8.0 Evaluation of Health Endangerment for Petition SEC-00217

The health endangerment determination for the class of employees covered by this evaluation report is 

governed by both EEOICPA and 42 C.F.R. § 83.13(c)(3). Under these requirements, if it is not 

feasible to estimate with sufficient accuracy radiation doses for members of the class, NIOSH must 

also determine that there is a reasonable likelihood that such radiation doses may have endangered the 

health of members of the class. Section 83.13 requires NIOSH to assume that any duration of 

unprotected exposure may have endangered the health of members of a class when it has been 

established that the class may have been exposed to radiation during a discrete incident likely to have 

involved levels of exposure similarly high to those occurring during nuclear criticality incidents. If 

the occurrence of such an exceptionally high-level exposure has not been established, then NIOSH is 

required to specify that health was endangered for those workers who were employed for a number of 

work days aggregating at least 250 work days within the parameters established for the class or in 

combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more other classes of 

employees in the SEC. 

Based on the sum of information found in available resources, NIOSH’s evaluation determined that it 

is not feasible to estimate radiation dose with sufficient accuracy for members of the NIOSHevaluated class during the period from February 1, 1958 through May 31, 1958, or during the period 

from June 1, 1959 through June 30. 1959. Therefore, the resulting NIOSH-proposed SEC class must 

include a minimum required employment period as a basis for specifying that health was endangered 

for these time periods. NIOSH has determined that members of the class were not exposed to 

radiation during a discrete incident likely to have involved levels of exposure similarly high to those 

occurring during nuclear criticality incidents. Consequently, NIOSH is specifying that health was 

endangered for those workers covered by this evaluation who were employed for a number of work 

days aggregating at least 250 work days within the parameters established for this class or in 

combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more other classes of 

employees in the SEC.

NIOSH further determined that it is feasible to estimate radiation dose with sufficient accuracy for 

members of the NIOSH-evaluated class during the period from January 1, 1950 through January 31, 

1958, and from June 1, 1958 through May 31, 1959, and from July 1, 1959 through April 30, 2000. 

Therefore, a health endangerment determination is not required for these time periods.

45 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

9.0 Class Conclusion for Petition SEC-00217

Based on its full research of the class under evaluation, NIOSH has defined a single class of 

employees for which NIOSH cannot estimate radiation doses with sufficient accuracy. The NIOSHproposed class to be added to the SEC includes all Atomic Weapons Employees who worked at the 

facility owned by Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey) in Bloomfield, New Jersey, during the 

period from February 1, 1958 through May 31, 1958, or during the period from June 1, 1959 through 

June 30. 1959, for a number of work days aggregating at least 250 work days, occurring either solely 

under this employment, or in combination with work days within the parameters established for one or 

more other classes of employees included in the Special Exposure Cohort.

NIOSH had determined that there are methods available in NIOSH procedures, as well as available 

workplace and air data and operational descriptions, so that internal and external radiation doses can 

be completely reconstructed with sufficient accuracy for all AWE Employees during the following 

periods under evaluation:

• The residual radiation period from January 1, 1950 through January 31, 1958

• The residual radiation period from June 1, 1958 through May 31, 1959

• The residual radiation period from July 1, 1959 through April 30, 2000

Information obtained by NIOSH as part of this evaluation allows for updates to the site residual 

contamination status. Based on the sum of site remediation information from available resources, 

including interviews of site experts, NIOSH has determined that there was no potential for internal or 

external radiation doses from AWE-related residual contamination during the period from May 1, 

2000 through March 1, 2011. Consequently, although the period from May 1, 2000 through March 1, 

2011 is evaluated in this report, dose reconstruction is not required for this period.

NIOSH has carefully reviewed all material sent in by the petitioner, including the specific assertions 

stated in the petition, and has responded herein (see Section 7.4). NIOSH has also reviewed available 

technical resources and many other references, including the Site Research Database (SRDB), for 

information relevant to SEC-00217. In addition, NIOSH reviewed its NOCTS dose reconstruction 

database to identify EEOICPA-related dose reconstructions that might provide information relevant to 

the petition evaluation.

These actions are based on existing, approved NIOSH processes used in dose reconstruction for 

claims under EEOICPA. NIOSH’s guiding principle in conducting these dose reconstructions is to 

ensure that the assumptions used are fair, consistent, and well-grounded in the best available science. 

Simultaneously, uncertainties in the science and data must be handled to the advantage, rather than to 

the detriment, of the petitioners. When adequate personal dose monitoring information is not 

available, or is very limited, NIOSH may use the highest reasonably possible radiation dose, based on 

reliable science, documented experience, and relevant data to determine the feasibility of 

reconstructing the dose of an SEC petition class. NIOSH contends that it has complied with these 

standards of performance in determining the feasibility or infeasibility of reconstructing dose for the 

class under evaluation.

46 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

10.0 References

42 C.F.R. pt. 81, Guidelines for Determining the Probability of Causation Under the Energy 

Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000; Final Rule, Federal 

Register/Vol. 67, No. 85/Thursday, p. 22,296; May 2, 2002; SRDB Ref ID: 19391

42 C.F.R. pt. 82, Methods for Radiation Dose Reconstruction Under the Energy Employees 

Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000; Final Rule; May 2, 2002; SRDB Ref ID: 

19392

42 C.F.R. pt. 83, Procedures for Designating Classes of Employees as Members of the Special 

Exposure Cohort Under the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 

2000; Final Rule; May 28, 2004; SRDB Ref ID: 22001

42 U.S.C. §§ 7384-7385 [EEOICPA], Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation 

Program Act of 2000, as amended

Adams, 1992, Radiological Survey of Portions of the Bloomfield Lamp Plant Westinghouse Electric 

Corporation Bloomfield, New Jersey, ORISE 92/D-47; W. C. Adams; April 1992; SRDB Ref ID: 

41642

Ansari, 1993, Confirmatory Survey of Buildings 7, 8, 9, and 10A Bloomfield Lamp Plant 

Westinghouse Electric Corporation Bloomfield, New Jersey, ORISE-93/H-110; A. J. Ansari; August 

1993; SRDB Ref ID: 41632

Battelle-TBD-6000, Site Profiles for Atomic Weapons Employers that Worked Uranium Metals, Rev. 

01; Division of Compensation Analysis and Support; effective June 17, 2011; SRDB Ref ID: 101251

Bickerstaff, 1991, ORAU Found Residual Radioactivity in Both Remediated and Non-Remediated 

Areas of the Facility in Bloomfield, New Jersey, correspondence with attachments to John 

Kinnemann; Wayne Bickerstaff; September 23, 1991; SRDB Ref ID: 41643

Contracts, 1945-1946, List of Raw Materials Contracts; various dates from January 1945 through July 

1946; SRDB Ref ID: 78689 

Costello, 2003, Environmental Assessment and Finding of No Significant Impact Related to Issuance 

of a License Amendment of a U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Source Material License No. 

SMB-1527, Issued to Viacom, Incorporated, Nuclear Regulatory Commission Docket No. 040-08976; 

Francis Costello; August 13, 2003; SRDB Ref ID: 141725

DCAS-PR-004, Internal Procedures for the Evaluation of Special Exposure Cohort Petitions, Rev. 1, 

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); Cincinnati, Ohio; April 15, 2011; 

SRDB Ref ID: 94768

47 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

Decontamination Efforts, 1986, Radiological Survey and Decontamination Efforts – Bloomfield, letter 

from P. Wilitsky (North American Philips Lighting Corporation) to R. Katz (New Jersey Department 

of Environmental Protection); February 6, 1986; SRDB Ref ID: 126700

DOE, undated, Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program – Elimination Report for the 

Former Westinghouse Electric Corporation Building 7, Bloomfield, New Jersey; Department of 

Energy (DOE); report date not provided; SRDB Ref ID: 16858 PDF pp. 2-6

DOL, 2014, Coverage for Westinghouse Electric Corp. in Bloomfield, New Jersey under EEOICPA, 

correspondence to Division of Compensation Analysis and Support; Department of Labor (DOL); 

November 25, 2014; SRDB Ref ID: 140851

EPA-FGR-12, External Exposure to Radionuclides in Air, Water, and Soil, Federal Guidance Report 

No. 12, EPA-402-R-93-081; Keith F. Eckerman and Jeffrey C. Ryman; September 1993; SRDB Ref 

ID: Publicly Available

ESC, 2000, Final Radiological Status Survey Report – Building 7 and Sewer System Remediation; 

Earth Sciences Consultants, Inc. (ESC); August 2000; SRDB Ref ID: 42459

ESC, 2001, Final Radiological Status Survey Report – Building 7 and Sewer System Remediation; 

Earth Sciences Consultants, Inc. (ESC); Revised January 2001; SRDB Ref ID: 41575

ESC, 2002, Former Lamp Manufacturing Plant Bloomfield, New Jersey; Earth Sciences Consultants, 

Inc. (ESC); July 2002; SRDB Ref ID: 141451

Gibson, 2004, Bloomfield’s Part in the Atomic Bomb: The Tuballoy Project; John Gibson, Jr. for The 

New Town Crier newsletter; May 2004; SRDB Ref ID: 141980 

Hendricks, 2003, Radiological Dose Assessment Addendum – Former Lamp Manufacturing Plant, 

Bloomfield, New Jersey, correspondence to Dean O. Reed; Robert C. Hendricks; February 12, 2003; 

SRDB Ref ID: 42457

Inspection, 1994, Routine Inspection Number 040-08976/94-001, Bloomfield Lamp Plant; inspector 

Mark C. Roberts; inspection conducted April 5, 1994; SRDB Ref ID: 41653

Kirkman, 1958, Transmittal of License Compliance Inspection Report – 10 CFR 40, correspondence; 

Robert W. Kirkman; March 20, 1958; SRDB Ref ID: 136692 PDF pp. 2-9

Lipoti, 2001, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Review of the Final Radiological 

Status of Building 7 and the Sewer System Remediation of the Former Lamp Manufacturing Plant, 

correspondence to Stephen Maybury; Jill Lipoti; May 8, 2001; SRDB Ref ID: 134178

48 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

License Application, 1958, Application for AEC License to Transfer, Deliver, Export, and Receive 

Uranium or Thorium Source Material, License No. R-126, application filed by Westinghouse Electric 

Corporation; February 3, 1958; SRDB Ref ID 136688, PDF pp. 12-13

License Application, 1959, Application for AEC License to Transfer, Deliver, Export, and Receive 

Uranium or Thorium Source Material, License No. R-126, application filed by Westinghouse Electric 

Corporation; May 13, 1959; SRDB Ref ID 136695, PDF pp. 8-9

License Application, 1960, Application for AEC License to Transfer, Deliver, Export, and Receive 

Uranium or Thorium Source Material, License No. R-126, application filed by Westinghouse Electric 

Corporation; May 13, 1960; SRDB Ref ID 136696, PDF pp. 7-8

License Renewal, 1959, Source Material License: License No. R-126, letter from the U.S. Atomic 

Energy Commission to Westinghouse Electric Corporation; May 28, 1959; SRDB Ref ID: 136695, 

PDF p. 10

Maroncelli, 2007, The Traveler’s Guide to Nuclear Weapons – A Journey Through America’s Cold 

War Battlefields; James M. Maroncelli and Timothy L. Karpin; February 2007 (first published in 

September 2002); SRDB Ref ID: 44825

Monitoring, 1959, Air Dust Analytical Data Sheets for Samples Collected June 25-29, 1959; vendor is 

National Lead Company of Ohio; various June 1959 data sheets; SRDB Ref ID: 92834

Monitoring, 1960, Compilation of 1960 Radiation Exposure Data for Several Sites, Including WholeBody Dose and Urinalysis Results; various reports; data for 1960; SRDB Ref ID: 13786

Monitoring, 1989-1990, Decontamination Confirmatory Surveys for the Bloomfield Lamp Plant 

Westinghouse Electric Corporation; report issued May 1990; SRDB Ref ID: 41650

NIOSH, 2010, SEC Petition Evaluation Report for Petition SEC-00159, Westinghouse Electric Corp., 

Bloomfield, New Jersey; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); January 14, 

2010; SRDB Ref ID: 118649

NIOSH, 2011, Report on Residual Radioactive and Beryllium Contamination at Atomic Weapons 

Employer Facilities and Beryllium Vendor Facilities; National Institute for Occupational Safety and 

Health (NIOSH); August 11, 2011; SRDB Ref ID: 106641

OCAS-TIB-009, Estimation of Ingestion Intakes, Rev. 0; Office of Compensation Analysis and 

Support Technical Information Bulletin; effective April 13, 2004; SRDB Ref ID: 22397

ORAUT-OTIB-0006, Dose Reconstruction from Occupational Medical X-Ray Procedures, Rev. 04; 

ORAU Team Dose Reconstruction Project for NIOSH; effective June 20, 2011; SRDB Ref ID: 98147

49 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

ORAUT-OTIB-0024, Estimation of Neutron Dose Rates from Alpha-Neutron Reactions in Uranium 

and Thorium Compounds, Rev. 00; ORAU Team Dose Reconstruction Project for NIOSH; effective 

April 7, 2005; SRDB Ref ID: 19445

ORAUT-OTIB-0070, Dose Reconstruction During Residual Radioactivity Periods at Atomic 

Weapons Employer Facilities, Rev. 01; ORAU Team Dose Reconstruction Project for NIOSH; 

effective March 5, 2012; SRDB Ref ID: 108851

ORAUT-OTIB-0079, Guidance on Assigning Occupational X-ray Dose Under EEOICPA for X-rays 

Administered Off Site, Rev.00; ORAU Team Dose Reconstruction Project for NIOSH; effective 

January 3, 2011; SRDB Ref ID: 89563

Personal Communication, 2015h, Personal Communication with Former Westinghouse Electric 

Corporation Subcontractor Employee; Telephone Interview by ORAU Team; March 9, 2015, 9:00 

AM; SRDB Ref ID: 141794

Photo, undated, Photo of Bloomfield, New Jersey Lamp Division; photographer and/or document not 

specified; undated photograph; SRDB Ref ID: 39845

R-126, 1955-1956, Compilation of Documents/Correspondence Related to Source Material License 

R-126; various authors; various dates from May 1955 through July 1956; SRDB Ref ID: 136686 

Rad Handbook, 1970, Radiological Health Handbook, Revised Edition; compiled and edited by the 

Bureau of Radiological Health and the Training Institute Environmental Control Administration; 

January 1970; SRDB Ref ID: 75017

Roberts, 1993, Safety Evaluation Report Release for Unrestricted Use Bloomfield Lamp Plant 

Buildings 1-6 and the Garage Westinghouse Electric Company Bloomfield, New Jersey, includes a 

cover letter; report prepared by Mark C. Roberts and approved by John D. Kinneman; May 24, 1993; 

SRDB Ref ID: 41638

Ross, 1958, Trip Report to Westinghouse Electric Company, Bloomfield, New Jersey on May 12-16, 

1958; K. N. Ross; May 26, 1958; SRDB Ref ID: 44660

SEG, 1996, Westinghouse Bloomfield Lamp Facility Dose Assessment, Rev. 02; Scientific Ecology 

Group, Inc. (SEG); April 1996; SRDB Ref ID: 134190

Simmons, 1958, Summary Technical Report for the Period April 1, 1968 to June 30, 1958, NLCO750; edited by John W. Simmons; issued July 18, 1958; SRDB Ref ID: 96117

Simmons, 1959, Summary Technical Report for the Period July 1, 1959 to September 30, 1959, 

NLCO-795; edited by John W. Simmons; issued October 20, 1959; SRDB Ref ID: 96206

50 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

SMB-353, 1961-1962, Westinghouse License SMB-353 and Compilation of Related 

Documents/Correspondence; various authors; various dates from May 1961 through May 1962; 

SRDB Ref ID: 136698

SMB-353, 1964, Compilation of Documents Related to the Application for Source Material License 

SMB-353; various authors; various dates from March to November 1964; SRDB Ref ID: 136715

SMB-353, 1970, Cover Letter and Report Related to a November 16, 1970 Inspection Evaluation of 

License SMB-353; Fred Brandkamp; report dated November 19, 1970; SRDB Ref ID: 136626

SMB-353, 1977-1980, Compilation of Documents/Correspondence Related to Source Material 

License SMB-353 Amendment 07; various authors; various dates from June 1977 through November 

1980; SRDB Ref ID: 92847

SMB-1423, 1984-1985, Compilation of Documents/Correspondence Related to North American 

Philips Lighting Corporation Materials License #SMB-1423 Amended; various authors; various dates 

from March 1984 through March 1985; SRDB Ref ID: 136586

Steck, 1963, Rotary Elongation of Uranium Tubing, NLCO-863; R. B. Steck and H. W. Hesselbrock; 

issued April 16, 1963; SRDB Ref ID: 81345

Unspecified, 1942-1943, Condensed History of Operations at Westinghouse Electric and 

Manufacturing Co., Bloomfield, New Jersey; unspecified author; select page with dates from 

November 1942 through November 1943; SRDB Ref ID: 31568 pp. 11

Uranium, undated, Select Pages (from unspecified document) of Uranium Discussions and Photos; J. 

W. Marden and H. C. Rentschler; pages are not dated; SRDB Ref ID: 39850 

Westinghouse, 1980, Report on Radiological Status of Building 7; Westinghouse Electric 

Corporation, Lamp Division (Westinghouse); November 1980; SRDB Ref ID: 42452, PDF pp. 29-37

51 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

This page intentionally left blank

52 of 58
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp. 

Attachment One: Data Capture Synopsis
 

Table A1-1: Summary of Holdings in the SRDB for Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey) 

Data Capture Information Data Capture Description Completed Uploaded 

into SRDB 

Primary Site/Company Name: Westinghouse 

Electric Corporation AWE 1942 -1949; 

February-May 1958; June 1959; Residual 

Radiation 1950-March 1, 2011 

Alternate Site Names: 

North American Phillips Lighting 

Physical Size of the Site: The site size is 

approximately 14 acres and had 11 buildings, 

all of which have been demolished. 

Population of the Site: In 1966, 55 workers 

participated in the site film badge program. 

Records from the Westinghouse collection at the Senator John Heinz 

History Center, Pittsburgh, PA were reviewed including: A general 

chronology of Westinghouse accomplishments, history of the Lamp 

Division Facility, and a uranium processing discussion. 

12/20/2007 17 

State Contacted: NJ Department of 

Environmental Radiation 

Westinghouse Bloomfield final radiological surveys, a final radiological 

status survey, a radiological dose assessment, cleanup plans, building floor 

plans, source material license permit, summary of history, a 1969 list of 

radioactive material license possession limits, and radiological status of the 

former MED/AEC sites. 

02/18/2015 49 

Albany Research Center A report on the production and separation of U-233. 03/20/2013 1 

Ames Laboratory A history of Ames' contributions to the Manhattan Engineer District which 

mentions uranium from Westinghouse, Bloomfield. 

10/18/2005 1 

Curtiss-Wright, Cheswick PA Radiation exposure records and occupation exposure histories, 1960-1972. 04/29/2009 2 

DOE Germantown Air samples, FUSRAP reports, thorium information and accountability 

reports, and the search procedures for the Oak Ridge Operations Records 

Holding Area. 

03/07/2011 8 

DOE Legacy Management - Grand Junction Description of the photochemical production of U metal, radiological status 

of Westinghouse facilities used in the Manhattan Project, uranium metal 

production, metallurgical progress reports, FUSRAP reports, trip reports, 

budget reports, an accountability report, and source material license SMB353 including amendments and correspondence. 

07/22/2013 87 

DOE Legacy Management - Morgantown Summary technical reports, a list of sites, an ALARA Committee report, 

and a report on the production of uranium feed materials. 

04/05/2011 5 

53 of 58 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp. 

Table A1-1: Summary of Holdings in the SRDB for Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey) 

Data Capture Information Data Capture Description Completed Uploaded 

into SRDB 

DOE Legacy Management - MoundView 

(Fernald Holdings, includes Fernald Legal 

Database) 

Report on incineration of radioactive solid wastes, a thorium report, various 

trip reports, and depleted uranium shipment information. 

05/30/2008 13 

DOE Oak Ridge Operations Office A list of papers written on uranium. 11/24/2003 1 

DOE Oak Ridge Operations Office Records 

Holding Task Group (RHTG) 

The Special Nuclear Materials Ledger for 1955-1959. 04/05/2011 1 

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical 

Information (OSTI) 

Uranium metal development at Bloomfield in 1942, and the electrolytic 

process for uranium metal. 

01/23/2012 2 

Federal Record Center - Kansas City 1942-1946 weekly reports and the FUSRAP elimination report. 08/15/2008 2 

Federal Record Center - San Bruno Medical Health Physics quarterly reports from 1949 and 1950 and studies 

of the metabolism of plutonium and fission products. 

07/27/2012 3 

Hagley Museum and Library A November 1951 New York Operations Office trip report. 09/28/2010 1 

Hanford A Plutonium Finishing Plant (PFP) report identifying Westinghouse as 

having shipped scrap to PFP. 

04/27/2009 1 

Interlibrary Loan Volume 1 of Seaborg's journal. 03/26/2012 1 

Internet - Comprehensive Epidemiologic Data 

Resource (CEDR) 

No relevant documents identified. 02/12/2015 0 

Internet - Defense Technical Information 

Center (DTIC) 

A report on metallurgy in the development of atomic power. 02/24/2015 1 

Internet - DOE Hanford Declassified Document 

Retrieval System (DDRS) 

A 1949 Hanford Works monthly report, and a nuclear monitoring system 

report. 

02/24/2015 2 

Internet - DOE Legacy Management 

Considered Sites 

NRC inspections, a DOE response to a request for information on Fernald 

subcontractors, and an attorney's letter listing pertinent documents. 

02/03/2015 4 

Internet - DOE National Nuclear Security 

Administration (NNSA) - Nevada Site Office 

No relevant documents identified. 02/12/2015 0 

Internet - DOE OpenNet Monthly status and progress reports from 1949, Manhattan District History 

Book I General Volume 7 Medical Program, Linking Legacies Appendix 

B: The Eight Major Processes of the Nuclear Weapons Complex, an AEC 

financial report, and an Idaho National Laboratory Health Physics report. 

02/03/2015 6 

Internet - DOE OSTI An interim report on the metallurgy of thorium and thorium alloys, 1949­

1951. 

11/02/2006 1 

Internet - DOE OSTI Energy Citations No relevant documents identified. 04/06/2008 0 

Internet - DOE OSTI Information Bridge The metal fabrication program for the Clinton Engineer Works and reports 

on nuclear reactors built, under construction, or planned. 

08/26/2012 4 

Internet - DOE OSTI SciTech Connect No relevant documents identified. 02/03/2015 0 

54 of 58 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp. 

Table A1-1: Summary of Holdings in the SRDB for Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey) 

Data Capture Information Data Capture Description Completed Uploaded 

into SRDB 

Internet - Energy Employees Claimant 

Assistance Project (EECAP) 

No relevant documents identified. 02/12/2015 0 

Internet - Google General information, Westinghouse Electrical Company evaluation of 

residual contamination, Westinghouse and World War II news article, 

historical articles, an NRC inspection, Material License SMB-1527, 

Amendment 1, and a history of uranium production at Bloomfield. 

03/19/2015 27 

Internet - Health Physics Journal No relevant documents identified. 02/12/2015 0 

Internet - Journal of Occupational and 

Environmental Health 

No relevant documents identified. 02/12/2015 0 

Internet - National Academies Press (NAP) No relevant documents identified. 02/03/2015 0 

Internet - NEPIS No relevant documents identified. 02/03/2015 0 

Internet - NIOSH Reports on residual radioactive and beryllium contamination at Atomic 

Weapons Employer facilities and the SEC-00159 Petition Evaluation 

Report. 

09/20/2012 4 

Internet - NRC Agencywide Document Access 

and Management (ADAMS) 

Various status and release radiological surveys, safety evaluation report, 

release for unrestricted use of Bloomfield Lamp Plant buildings 1-6 and the 

garage, status of the decommissioning program reports, a dose assessment, 

the 1996 response to the radiological document submittal, license 

correspondence, and amendments to USNRC license number SMB-1527. 

02/03/2015 45 

Internet - Oak Ridge National Laboratory 

(ORNL) 

ORNL periodic reports mentioning Westinghouse Bloomfield. 12/18/2012 15 

Internet - USACE No relevant documents identified. 02/03/2015 0 

Internet - Washington State University (U.S. 

Transuranium and Uranium Registries) 

No relevant documents identified. 02/03/2015 0 

National Archives and Records Administration 

(NARA) - Atlanta 

Field progress reports, process instructions, weekly reports, thorium related 

correspondence, production reports, billet shipment receipts, and Burns vs. 

Westinghouse lawsuit. 

05/12/2010 24 

National Archives and Records Administration 

(NARA) - College Park 

Beryllium reports, Manhattan District History Book V Electromagnetic 

Project Volume 2 Research, and a 1948-1949 thorium accountability report. 

09/11/2013 3 

National Archives and Records Administration 

(NARA) - Kansas City 

Preliminary radiological surveys, historical information on FUSRAP sites, 

and a listing of Oak Ridge Operations Office. 

04/01/2005 4 

National Archives and Records Administration 

(NARA) - Seattle 

A shipment record of U-235 and irradiated hafnium. 12/18/2014 1 

National Institute for Occupational Safety and 

Health (NIOSH) 

Volumes I and II of the History of the Atomic Energy Commission, the 

1948 fourth Semiannual Report to Congress, the memorandum of 

understanding between Westinghouse and the University of Chicago for the 

12/02/2014 5 

55 of 58 
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

Table A1-1: Summary of Holdings in the SRDB for Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey)

Data Capture Information Data Capture Description Completed Uploaded 

into SRDB

production of uranium metal, and the coverage of Westinghouse 

Bloomfield under EEOICPA. 

New York State Archives Manhattan District History Book VII Feed Materials excerpts. 03/19/2012 1

Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Public 

Document Room

AEC/NRC Licenses SMB-1423, 47-21279-01, SMB-353, STB-467, 29-

20609-02, and R-126, license correspondence, license inspections, air 

sample data, and an environmental assessment and finding of no significant 

impact related to License No. SMB-1527.

09/26/2014 59

Oak Ridge Library for Dose Reconstruction A 1949 and a 1953 ORNL Operations Division reports mentioning 

Westinghouse Bloomfield.

04/05/2011 2

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) ORNL periodic reports mentioning Westinghouse Bloomfield. 03/20/2014 33

ORAU Team A report confirming that some Westinghouse Bloomfield employee health 

records were in a "Rochester File" in 1981 and documented 

communications.

03/09/2015 9

Phillips Electronics North America Phillips Electronics response to a request for data, thorium contamination in 

a sample from a mercury cleanup, a survey instrument certificate of 

calibration, a timeline of decontamination efforts, a decontamination 

proposal and bid, and a filed QA/QC manual.

06/18/2013 6

SAIC A 1960 radiation exposure summary. 09/02/2004 1

Savannah River Site Listings of classified reports received in 1957. 06/06/2011 3

Southern Illinois University A book discussing radioactive wastes disposed in the St. Louis area. 10/08/2008 1

Unknown NYOO status reports, FUSRAP documents referring to Westinghouse 

Bloomfield performing work for Fernald, records of material transfers, 

thorium receipts, trip reports, and a contractor index.

02/10/2011 28

Total 484

56 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

Table A1-2: Database Searches for Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey)

Database/Source Keywords Hits Uploaded 

into SRDB

NOTE: Database search terms employed for each of the databases listed below are available

in the Excel file called “Westinghouse Electric Corp Rev01, (83.14) 03-24-15.”

Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)

https://www.dtic.mil/

COMPLETED 02/24/2015

See Note above 460 0

DOE CEDR

http://cedr.lbl.gov/

COMPLETED 02/12/2015

See Note above 0 0

DOE Legacy Management Considered Sites

http://csd.lm.doe.gov/

COMPLETED 02/03/2015

See Note above 115 1

DOE Hanford DDRS

http://www2.hanford.gov/declass/

COMPLETED 02/24/2015

See Note above 0 0

DOE NNSA - Nevada Site Office

www.nv.doe.gov/main/search.htm

COMPLETED 02/12/2015

See Note above 1 0

DOE OpenNet

http://www.osti.gov/opennet/advancedsearch.jsp

COMPLETED 02/03/2015

See Note above 566 0

DOE OSTI Energy Citations

http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/

COMPLETED 04/06/2008

See Note above 459 0

DOE OSTI Information Bridge

http://www.osti.gov/bridge/advancedsearch.jsp

COMPLETED 01/21/2008

See Note above 177 1

DOE OSTI SciTech Connect

http://www.osti.gov/scitech

COMPLETED 02/03/2015

See Note above 631,588 0

Energy Employees Claimant Assistance Project (EECAP)

http://www.eecap.org

COMPLETED 02/12/2015

See Note above 0 0

Google

http://www.google.com

COMPLETED 02/03/2015

See Note above 23,306,090 16

57 of 58
SEC-00217 04-14-2015 Westinghouse Electric Corp.

Table A1-2: Database Searches for Westinghouse Electric Corp. (New Jersey)

Database/Source Keywords Hits Uploaded 

into SRDB

HP Journal

http://journals.lww.com/health-physics/pages/default.aspx

COMPLETED 02/12/2015

See Note above 5 0

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 

http://www.ijoeh.com/index.php/ijoeh

COMPLETED 02/12/2015

See Note above 21 0

National Academies Press

http://www.nap.edu/

COMPLETED 02/03/2015

See Note above 16,233 0

NEPIS

http://nepis.epa.gov/

COMPLETED 02/03/2015

See Note above 18,590 0

NRC ADAMS Reading Room

http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams/web-based.html

COMPLETED 02/03/2015

See Note above 4,266 29

United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)

http://www.usace.army.mil/

COMPLETED 02/03/2015

See Note above 2 0

United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) - New 

England District

http://www.nae.army.mil/

COMPLETED 02/03/2015

See Note above 2 0

United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) - New 

York District

http://www.nan.usace.army.mil/

COMPLETED 02/03/2015

See Note above 2 0

United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) -

Philadelphia District

http://www.nap.usace.army.mil/

COMPLETED 02/03/2015

See Note above 2 0

U.S. Transuranium & Uranium Registries 

http://www.ustur.wsu.edu/

COMPLETED 02/03/2015

See Note above 0 0

58 of 58