ORAU TEAM

Dose Reconstruction

Project for NIOSH

Oak Ridge Associated Universities I Dade Moeller I MJW Technical Services

Page 1 of 12

DOE Review Release 02/07/2013

Document Title:

Weldon Spring Plant – Occupational Medical 

Dose

Document Number: ORAUT-TKBS-0028-3

Revision: 01

Effective Date: 01/30/2013

Type of Document: TBD

Supersedes: Revision 00

Subject Expert(s): Elyse M. Thomas

Approval: Signature on File Approval Date: 01/23/2013

David P. Harrison, Document Owner

Concurrence: Signature on File Concurrence Date: 01/22/2013

John M. Byrne, Objective 1 Manager

Concurrence: Signature on File Concurrence Date: 01/22/2013

Edward F. Maher, Objective 3 Manager

Concurrence: Vickie S. Short Signature on File for Concurrence Date: 01/22/2013

Kate Kimpan, Project Director

Approval: Signature on File Approval Date: 01/30/2013

Stuart L. Hinnefeld, Director DCAS 

New Total Rewrite Revision Page Change

FOR DOCUMENTS MARKED AS A TOTAL REWRITE, REVISION, OR PAGE CHANGE, REPLACE THE PRIOR 

REVISION AND DISCARD / DESTROY ALL COPIES OF THE PRIOR REVISION.
Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0028-3 Revision No. 01 Effective Date: 01/30/2013 Page 2 of 12

PUBLICATION RECORD

EFFECTIVE 

DATE

REVISION 

NUMBER DESCRIPTION

06/24/2005 00 New technical basis document for the Weldon Spring Plant –

Occupational Medical Dose. Incorporates formal NIOSH and internal 

review comments. Training is not required. First approved issue. 

Initiated by Robert Meyer.

01/30/2013 01 Revised to incorporate historical documents captured since the first 

revision, to include skin doses for all areas of skin, and to address 

SC&A comments. Incorporates formal internal and NIOSH review 

comments. Constitutes a total rewrite of the document. Training 

required: As determined by the Objective Manager. Initiated by 

David P. Harrison.
Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0028-3 Revision No. 01 Effective Date: 01/30/2013 Page 3 of 12

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION TITLE PAGE

Acronyms and Abbreviations..................................................................................................................4

3.1 Occupational Medical Dose ....................................................................................................... 5

3.1.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................................6

3.1.2 Examination Frequency ..................................................................................................6

3.1.3 Equipment and Techniques ............................................................................................6

3.1.4 Organ Doses ...................................................................................................................6

3.1.5 Uncertainty ......................................................................................................................9

3.2 Attributions and Annotations .................................................................................................... 10

References ...........................................................................................................................................11

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TITLE PAGE

3-1 Organ dose estimates for chest X-rays as presented in ORAUT 2011 ......................................7

3-2 Skin dose guidance for various chest projections and periods ...................................................7

3-3 Skin dose from various chest projections, 1955–2002 ...............................................................8
Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0028-3 Revision No. 01 Effective Date: 01/30/2013 Page 4 of 12

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

cm centimeter

DOE U.S. Department of Energy

EEOICPA Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000

ENSD Entrance skin dose

EXSD Exit skin dose

HVL half-value layer

kerma initial kinetic energy of charged particles liberated by uncharged ionizing radiation per 

unit mass 

LAT lateral

mrem millirem

NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

ORAU Oak Ridge Associated Universities

PA posterior-anterior

PFG photofluorography

POC probability of causation

RSD Remote skin dose

SRDB Site Research Database

TBD technical basis document

U.S.C. United States Code

WSP Weldon Spring Plant

§ section or sections
Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0028-3 Revision No. 01 Effective Date: 01/30/2013 Page 5 of 12

3.1 OCCUPATIONAL MEDICAL DOSE

Technical basis documents and site profile documents are not official determinations made by the 

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) but are rather general working 

documents that provide historical background information and guidance to assist in the preparation of 

dose reconstructions at particular sites or categories of sites. They will be revised in the event 

additional relevant information is obtained about the affected site(s). These documents may be used 

to assist NIOSH staff in the completion of the individual work required for each dose reconstruction.

In this document the word “facility” is used as a general term for an area, building, or group of 

buildings that served a specific purpose at a site. It does not necessarily connote an “atomic weapons 

employer facility” or a “Department of Energy [DOE] facility” as defined in the Energy Employees 

Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act [EEOICPA; 42 U.S.C. § 7384l(5) and (12)]. 

EEOICPA defines a DOE facility as “any building, structure, or premise, including the grounds upon 

which such building, structure, or premise is located ... in which operations are, or have been, 

conducted by, or on behalf of, the Department of Energy (except for buildings, structures, premises, 

grounds, or operations ... pertaining to the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program)” [42 U.S.C. § 

7384l(12)]. Accordingly, except for the exclusion for the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program noted 

above, any facility that performs or performed DOE operations of any nature whatsoever is a DOE 

facility encompassed by EEOICPA.

For employees of DOE or its contractors with cancer, the DOE facility definition only determines 

eligibility for a dose reconstruction, which is a prerequisite to a compensation decision (except for 

members of the Special Exposure Cohort). The compensation decision for cancer claimants is based 

on a section of the statute entitled “Exposure in the Performance of Duty.” That provision [42 U.S.C. § 

7384n(b)] says that an individual with cancer “shall be determined to have sustained that cancer in the 

performance of duty for purposes of the compensation program if, and only if, the cancer ... was at 

least as likely as not related to employment at the facility [where the employee worked], as 

determined in accordance with the POC [probability of causation1

] guidelines established under 

subsection (c) ...” [42 U.S.C. § 7384n(b)]. Neither the statute nor the probability of causation 

guidelines (nor the dose reconstruction regulation, 42 C.F.R. Pt. 82) restrict the “performance of duty” 

referred to in 42 U S. C. § 7384n(b) to nuclear weapons work (NIOSH 2010).

The statute also includes a definition of a DOE facility that excludes “buildings, structures, premises, 

grounds, or operations covered by Executive Order No. 12344, dated February 1, 1982 (42 U.S.C. 

7158 note), pertaining to the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program” [42 U.S.C. § 7384l(12)]. While this 

definition excludes Naval Nuclear Propulsion Facilities from being covered under the Act, the section 

of EEOICPA that deals with the compensation decision for covered employees with cancer [i.e., 42 

U.S.C. § 7384n(b), entitled “Exposure in the Performance of Duty”] does not contain such an 

exclusion. Therefore, the statute requires NIOSH to include all occupationally-derived radiation 

exposures at covered facilities in its dose reconstructions for employees at DOE facilities, including 

radiation exposures related to the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program. As a result, all internal and 

external occupational radiation exposures are considered valid for inclusion in a dose reconstruction. 

No efforts are made to determine the eligibility of any fraction of total measured exposure for inclusion 

in dose reconstruction. NIOSH, however, does not consider the following exposures to be 

occupationally derived (NIOSH 2010):

• Background radiation, including radiation from naturally occurring radon present in 

conventional structures

• Radiation from X-rays received in the diagnosis of injuries or illnesses or for therapeutic 

reasons

 1 The U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) is ultimately responsible under the EEOICPA for determining the POC.
Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0028-3 Revision No. 01 Effective Date: 01/30/2013 Page 6 of 12

3.1.1 Introduction

As part of the requirements for employment at the Weldon Spring Plant (WSP) from 1955 through 

1966 (the WSP operational period) and from 1985 to 2002 (the WSP remediation period), all workers 

received periodic physical examinations (MCW 1958–1967). These included annual radiographic 

examinations of the chest, as recorded in claim file records and in medical records for WSP workers, 

and periodic chest X-ray examinations for remediation workers exposed to asbestos or using 

respirators (Lopez 2004). NIOSH, in its role to reconstruct occupational dose under the EEOICPA (42 

U.S.C. § 7384-7385), has classified medical X-rays administered for occupational health screening in 

conjunction with routine physical examinations as occupational exposures (NIOSH 2002). This TBD 

presents what is currently known about such medical X-ray exposures received by workers at WSP. 

In addition, this TBD provides dose estimates for workers who might have been present between 

1966 and 1985, including security personnel who might have received X-ray examinations as a 

requirement of employment. It also provides estimates for post-1985 remediation personnel.

3.1.2 Examination Frequency

The frequency and type of X-ray examinations are recorded in claim file records and in medical 

records for WSP workers from 1955 through 1966 (MCW 1958–1967). Neither a protocol for the 

frequency of chest X-ray examinations as a function of job category nor a reference to any other type 

of X-ray screening examination having been performed has been located. However, the references 

clearly indicate that chest X-ray examinations were performed annually from 1955 through 1966, and 

medical records indicate that both the posterior-anterior (PA) and lateral (LAT) projections were taken. 

Therefore, the assumption in this TBD is that annual PA and LAT chest X-ray examinations were 

made on all employees. It is also assumed that the same frequency of chest X-ray examinations 

would have been used for security personnel from 1966 through 1985, since no evidence has been 

found to the contrary [1]. 

For the post-1985 remediation period, some workers might have received chest X-ray examinations; 

such examinations might not have been mandatory on an annual basis. Specifically, respirator users 

or asbestos workers were probably required to have chest X-rays for the first medical examination, 

after which X-ray examinations occurred every 2 or 5 years depending on the work performed; it is 

assumed that PA and LAT chest X-rays were performed at each examination (Lopez 2004).

3.1.3 Equipment and Techniques

Weldon Spring had a dispensary with X-ray equipment on site in Building 410 (Davies 1969, p. 79). 

However, no machine-specific information has been located. To date, there has been no indication in 

claim file records or captured medical records that photofluorography (PFG) was ever used at WSP 

[2]. 

3.1.4 Organ Doses 

This TBD provides organ dose estimates from occupational X-ray examinations administered at WSP 

from 1955 through 1969, 1970 to 1985, and post-1985 using default dose estimates from ORAUTOTIB-0006, Dose Reconstruction from Occupational Medical X-ray Procedures (ORAUT 2011). For 

the years before 1970, the default values assume minimal beam collimation and a half-value layer 

(HVL) of 2.5 mm Al. For 1970 to 1985, the default values assume that the beams were collimated 

and the HVL was 2.5 mm Al. For post-1985, the default values assume collimation and an HVL of 4.0 

mm Al. The organ dose estimates from ORAUT-OTIB-0006 are included in Table 3-1 for 

convenience. Skin dose guidance is provided in Table 3-2, and skin doses for all areas of skin are 

provided in Table 3-3.
Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0028-3 Revision No. 01 Effective Date: 01/30/2013 Page 7 of 12

Table 3-1. Organ dose estimates for chest X-rays (rem) as presented in 

ORAUT (2011).

Organ Projection 1955–1970 1971–1985 1986–2002

Thyroid PA 3.48E-02 3.20E-03 3.90E-03

LAT 6.85E-02 2.88E-02 2.13E-02

Eye/brain PA 6.40E-03 3.20E-03 3.90E-03

LAT 6.85E-02 2.88E-02 2.13E-02

Ovaries PA 2.50E-02 1.00E-04 2.60E-04

LAT 1.30E-02 1.50E-04 3.25E-04

Urinary bladder/prostate PA 2.50E-02 1.00E-04 2.60E-04

LAT 1.30E-02 1.50E-04 3.25E-04

Colon/rectum PA 2.50E-02 1.00E-04 2.60E-04

LAT 1.30E-02 1.50E-04 3.25E-04

Testes PA 5.00E-03 1.00E-06 5.00E-07

LAT 2.50E-03 2.50E-05 1.30E-05

Lungs (male) PA 8.38E-02 4.19E-02 3.14E-02

LAT 9.65E-02 4.83E-02 4.07E-02

Lungs (female) PA 9.02E-02 4.51E-02 3.37E-02

LAT 1.01E-01 5.50E-02 4.56E-02

Thymus PA 9.02E-02 4.51E-02 3.37E-02

LAT 1.01E-01 5.50E-02 4.56E-02

Esophagus PA 9.02E-02 4.51E-02 3.37E-02

LAT 1.01E-01 5.50E-02 4.56E-02

Stomach PA 9.02E-02 4.51E-02 3.37E-02

LAT 1.01E-01 5.50E-02 4.56E-02

Bone surface PA 9.02E-02 4.51E-02 3.37E-02

LAT 1.01E-01 5.50E-02 4.56E-02

Liver/gall 

bladder/spleen/pancreas

PA 9.02E-02 4.51E-02 3.37E-02

LAT 1.01E-01 5.50E-02 4.56E-02

Remainder organs PA 9.02E-02 4.51E-02 3.37E-02

LAT 1.01E-01 5.50E-02 4.56E-02

Breast PA 9.80E-03 4.90E-03 5.80E-03

LAT 1.28E-01 6.38E-02 4.46E-02

Uterus PA 2.50E-02 1.30E-04 2.60E-04

LAT 1.30E-02 1.50E-04 2.73E-04

Bone marrow (male) PA 1.84E-02 9.20E-03 8.90E-03

LAT 1.85E-02 9.25E-03 9.88E-03

Bone marrow (female) PA 1.72E-02 8.60E-03 8.60E-03

LAT 1.45E-02 7.25E-03 7.67E-03

Entrance skina PA 2.70E-01 1.35E-01 7.00E-02

LAT 6.75E-01 3.38E-01 1.82E-01

a. Entrance skin dose is determined by multiplying the incident air kerma by the backscatter 

factors of 1.35 and 1.40 for HVL of 2.5 mm Al and 3.0 or 4.0 mm Al, respectively, from 

National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements Report 102 (NRCP 1997, Table 

B-8). Skin doses for all areas of skin are provided in Table 3-3.

Table 3-2. Skin dose guidance for various chest projections and periods.

Area of skin

PA 

through 1970

LAT 

through

1970

PA 

1971-present

LAT 

1971-present

Right front shoulder EXSD ENSD EXSD ENSD

Right back shoulder ENSD ENSD ENSD ENSD

Left front shoulder EXSD EXSD EXSD EXSD

Left back shoulder ENSD EXSD ENSD EXSD

Right upper arm to elbow ENSD ENSD 10% ENSD ENSD

Left upper arm to elbow ENSD EXSD 10% ENSD EXSD
Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0028-3 Revision No. 01 Effective Date: 01/30/2013 Page 8 of 12

Area of skin

PA 

through 1970

LAT 

through

1970

PA 

1971-present

LAT 

1971-present

Left hand ENSD 10% ENSD 10% ENSD 10% ENSD

Right hand ENSD 10% ENSD 10% ENSD 10% ENSD

Left elbow, forearm, wrist ENSD 10% ENSD 10% ENSD 10% ENSD

Right elbow, forearm, wrist ENSD 10% ENSD 10% ENSD 10% ENSD

Right side of head (including ear and temple) 10% ENSD Eye/Brain 10% ENSD 10% ENSD

Left side of head (including ear and temple) 10% ENSD Eye/Brain 10% ENSD 10% ENSD

Front left thigh RSD (0.52 m) RSD (0.52m) RSD (0.52 m) RSD (0.52 m)

Back left thigh RSD (0.52 m) RSD (0.52m) RSD (0.52 m) RSD (0.52 m)

Front right thigh RSD (0.52 m) RSD (0.52m) RSD (0.52 m) RSD (0.52 m)

Back right thigh RSD (0.52 m) RSD (0.52m) RSD (0.52 m) RSD (0.52 m)

Left knee and below RSD (0.86 m) RSD (0.86m) RSD (0.86 m) RSD (0.86 m)

Right knee and below RSD (0.86 m) RSD (0.86m) RSD (0.86 m) RSD (0.86 m)

Left side of face Eye/Brain Eye/Brain Eye/Brain 10% ENSD

Right side of face Eye/Brain Eye/Brain Eye/Brain 10% ENSD

Left side of neck ENSD Eye/Brain 10% ENSD 10% ENSD

Right side of neck ENSD Eye/Brain 10% ENSD 10% ENSD

Back of head 10% ENSD Eye/Brain 10% ENSD 10% ENSD

Front of neck Eye/Brain Eye/Brain Thyroid 10% ENSD

Back of neck ENSD Eye/Brain 10% ENSD 10% ENSD

Front torso: base of neck to end of sternum EXSD Lung EXSD Lung

Front torso: end of sternum to lowest rib EXSD Lung EXSD Lung

Front torso: lowest rib to iliac crest EXSD Lung 10% EXSD 10% Lung

Front torso: iliac crest to pubis 10% EXSD 10% Lung 10% EXSD 10% Lung

Back torso: base of neck to mid-back ENSD Lung ENSD Lung

Back torso: mid-back to lowest rib ENSD Lung ENSD Lung

Back torso: lowest rib to iliac crest ENSD Lung 10% ENSD 10% Lung

Back torso: buttocks (Iliac crest and below) 10% ENSD 10% Lung 10% ENSD 10% Lung

Right torso: base of neck to end of sternum ENSD ENSD ENSD ENSD

Right torso: end of sternum to lowest rib ENSD ENSD ENSD ENSD

Right torso: lowest rib to iliac crest ENSD ENSD 10% ENSD 10% ENSD

Right torso: iliac crest to pubis (right hip) 10% ENSD 10% ENSD 10% ENSD 10% ENSD

Left torso: base of neck to end of sternum ENSD EXSD ENSD EXSD

Left torso: end of sternum to lowest rib ENSD EXSD ENSD EXSD

Left torso: lowest rib to iliac crest ENSD EXSD 10% ENSD 10% EXSD

Left torso: iliac crest to pubis (left hip) 10% ENSD 10% EXSD 10% ENSD 10% EXSD

Table 3-3. Skin dose (rem) from various chest projections, 1955–2002.

a

Area of skin

PA 

1955–

1970

LAT

1955–

1970

PA 

1971–

1985

LAT 

1971–

1985

PA 

1986–

2002

LAT 

1986–

2002

Right front shoulder 5.9E-03 6.75E-01 2.9E-03 3.38E-01 2.4E-03 1.82E-01

Right back shoulder 2.70E-01 6.75E-01 1.35E-01 3.38E-01 7.00E-02 1.82E-01

Left front shoulder 5.9E-03 3.0E-03 2.9E-03 1.5E-03 2.4E-03 1.4E-03

Left back shoulder 2.70E-01 3.0E-03 1.35E-01 1.5E-03 7.00E-02 1.4E-03

Right upper arm to elbow 2.70E-01 6.75E-01 1.35E-02 3.38E-01 7.0E-03 1.82E-01

Left upper arm to elbow 2.70E-01 3.0E-03 1.35E-02 1.5E-03 7.0E-03 1.4E-03

Left hand 2.70E-01 6.75E-02 1.35E-02 3.38E-02 7.0E-03 1.82E-02

Right hand 2.70E-01 6.75E-02 1.35E-02 3.38E-02 7.0E-03 1.82E-02

Left elbow, forearm, wrist 2.70E-01 6.75E-02 1.35E-02 3.38E-02 7.0E-03 1.82E-02

Right elbow, forearm, wrist 2.70E-01 6.75E-02 1.35E-02 3.38E-02 7.0E-03 1.82E-02

Right side of head including ear and temple 2.70E-02 6.85E-02 1.35E-02 3.38E-02 7.0E-03 1.82E-02

Left side of head including ear and temple 2.70E-02 6.85E-02 1.35E-02 3.38E-02 7.0E-03 1.82E-02

Front left thigh 8.E-05 1.E-04 4.E-05 5.E-05 3.E-05 4.E-05
Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0028-3 Revision No. 01 Effective Date: 01/30/2013 Page 9 of 12

Area of skin

PA 

1955–

1970

LAT

1955–

1970

PA 

1971–

1985

LAT 

1971–

1985

PA 

1986–

2002

LAT 

1986–

2002

Back left thigh 8.E-05 1.E-04 4.E-05 5.E-05 3.E-05 4.E-05

Front right thigh 8.E-05 1.E-04 4.E-05 5.E-05 3.E-05 4.E-05

Back right thigh 8.E-05 1.E-04 4.E-05 5.E-05 3.E-05 4.E-05

Left knee and below 3.E-05 4.E-05 1.E-05 2.E-05 1.E-05 1.E-05

Right knee and below 3.E-05 4.E-05 1.E-05 2.E-05 1.E-05 1.E-05

Left side of face 6.4E-03 6.85E-02 3.2E-03 3.38E-02 3.9E-03 1.82E-02

Right side of face 6.4E-03 6.85E-02 3.2E-03 3.38E-02 3.9E-03 1.82E-02

Left side of neck 2.70E-01 6.85E-02 1.35E-02 3.38E-02 7.0E-03 1.82E-02

Right side of neck 2.70E-01 6.85E-02 1.35E-02 3.38E-02 7.0E-03 1.82E-02

Back of head 2.70E-02 6.85E-02 1.35E-02 3.38E-02 7.0E-03 1.82E-02

Front of neck 6.4E-03 6.85E-02 3.2E-03 3.38E-02 3.9E-03 1.82E-02

Back of neck 2.70E-01 6.85E-02 1.35E-02 3.38E-02 7.0E-03 1.82E-02

Front torso: base of neck to end of sternum 5.9E-03 1.10E-01 2.9E-03 5.50E-02 2.4E-03 4.56E-02

Front torso: end of sternum to lowest rib 5.9E-03 1.10E-01 2.9E-03 5.50E-02 2.4E-03 4.56E-02

Front torso: lowest rib to iliac crest 5.9E-03 1.10E-01 3.E-04 5.5E-03 2.E-04 4.6E-03

Front torso: iliac crest to pubis 6.E-04 1.10E-02 3.E-04 5.5E-03 2.E-04 4.6E-03

Back torso: base of neck to mid-back 2.70E-01 1.10E-01 1.35E-01 5.50E-02 7.00E-02 4.56E-02

Back torso: mid-back to lowest rib 2.70E-01 1.10E-01 1.35E-01 5.50E-02 7.00E-02 4.56E-02

Back torso: lowest rib to iliac crest 2.70E-01 1.10E-01 1.35E-02 5.5E-03 7.0E-03 4.6E-03

Back torso: buttocks (Iliac crest and below) 2.70E-02 1.10E-02 1.35E-02 5.5E-03 7.0E-03 4.6E-03

Right torso: base of neck to end of sternum 2.70E-01 6.75E-01 1.35E-01 3.38E-01 7.00E-02 1.82E-01

Right torso: end of sternum to lowest rib 2.70E-01 6.75E-01 1.35E-01 3.38E-01 7.00E-02 1.82E-01

Right torso: lowest rib to iliac crest 2.70E-01 6.75E-01 1.35E-02 3.38E-02 7.0E-03 1.82E-02

Right torso: iliac crest to pubis (right hip) 2.70E-02 6.75E-02 1.35E-02 3.38E-02 7.0E-03 1.82E-02

Left torso: base of neck to end of sternum 2.70E-01 3.0E-03 1.35E-01 1.5E-03 7.00E-02 1.4E-03

Left torso: end of sternum to lowest rib 2.70E-01 3.0E-03 1.35E-01 1.5E-03 7.00E-02 1.4E-03

Left torso: lowest rib to iliac crest 2.70E-01 3.0E-03 1.35E-02 1.E-04 7.0E-03 1.E-04

Left torso: iliac crest to pubis (left hip) 2.70E-02 3.E-04 1.35E-02 1.E-04 7.0E-03 1.E-04

a. Values less than 1 mrem shown to one significant digit. 

3.1.5 Uncertainty

ORAUT-OTIB-0006 (ORAUT 2011) lists the major sources of uncertainty in X-ray output intensity and 

subsequent effect on dose to the worker. The five sources of uncertainty are:

1. X-ray beam measurement error (±2%),

2. Variation in peak kilovoltage (±9%),

3. Variation in X-ray beam current (±5%),

4. Variation in exposure time (±25%), and

5. Variation in source-to-skin distance (SSD) as a result of worker size (±10%).

The 10% uncertainty in output intensity as a result of worker size was based on an inverse square 

correction of output intensity changes from differences from the standard chest thickness of ±7.5 cm. 

These uncertainties are assumed to be random; therefore, the combined statistical uncertainty was 

calculated as the square root of the sum of the squares of all the uncertainties, which is ±28.9%. 

Rounding this up to ±30% provides an adequate and suitably conservative indication of uncertainty. 

Therefore, for a derived dose equivalent to an individual organ, a total combined standard uncertainty

of ±30% can be assumed. Dose reconstructors should, therefore, input the organ dose equivalent as 

the mean of a normal distribution with a standard uncertainty of ±30%.
Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0028-3 Revision No. 01 Effective Date: 01/30/2013 Page 10 of 12

3.2 ATTRIBUTIONS AND ANNOTATIONS

Where appropriate in this document, bracketed callouts have been inserted to indicate information, 

conclusions, and recommendations provided to assist in the process of worker dose reconstruction. 

These callouts are listed here in the Attributions and Annotations section, with information to identify 

the source and justification for each associated item. Conventional references, which are provided in 

the next section of this document, link data, quotations, and other information to documents available 

for review on the Project’s Site Research Database (SRDB).

[1] Thomas, Elyse M. ORAU Team. Principal Medical Dosimetrist. August 2010. 

Reviews of claims with submitted X-ray data and historical records show annual frequency of 

X-rays.

[2] Thomas, Elyse M. ORAU Team. Principal Medical Dosimetrist. August 2010. 

Reviews of claims with submitted X-ray data and historical records do not indicate any 

references at all to PFG having been performed for screening. 
Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0028-3 Revision No. 01 Effective Date: 01/30/2013 Page 11 of 12

REFERENCES

Davies, W. J.,1969, letter to Honorable W. L. Hungate (U.S. House of Representatives), Department 

of the Army, Headquarters, Edgewood Arsenal, Maryland, October 7. [SRDB Ref ID: 3645, 

p. 79]

ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection), 1982, Protection of the Patient in 

Diagnostic Radiology, Publication 34, Pergamon Press, New York, New York.

Lopez, T., 2004, “Regarding x-ray protocol for remediation workers at Weldon Spring,” memorandum 

to file, MFG Inc., Fort Collins, Colorado, September 1. [SRDB Ref ID: 31582]

MCW (Mallinckrodt Chemical Works), 1958a, Personnel File for [Name redacted] (1942–1958). 

[SRDB Ref ID: 20753]

MCW (Mallinckrodt Chemical Works), 1958b, Personnel File for [Name redacted] (1944–1958). 

[SRDB Ref ID: 20748]

MCW (Mallinckrodt Chemical Works), 1958c, Personnel File for [Name redacted] (1946–1958). 

[SRDB Ref ID: 20749]

MCW (Mallinckrodt Chemical Works), 1958d, Personnel File for [Name redacted] (1948–1958). 

[SRDB Ref ID: 20746]

MCW (Mallinckrodt Chemical Works), 1959. X-Ray Report for [Name redacted] (1959). [SRDB Ref 

ID: 17234]

MCW (Mallinckrodt Chemical Works), 1960a, Personnel File for [Name redacted] (1946–1960). 

[SRDB Ref ID: 20737]

MCW (Mallinckrodt Chemical Works), 1960b. X-Ray Report for [Name redacted] (1960). [SRDB Ref 

ID: 17232]

MCW (Mallinckrodt Chemical Works), 1961. Medical, Dosimetry Record, [Name redacted] (1956–

1961). [SRDB Ref ID: 17238]

MCW (Mallinckrodt Chemical Works), 1962. Medical, Dosimetry Record, [Name redacted] (1957–

1962). [SRDB Ref ID: 17237]

MCW (Mallinckrodt Chemical Works), 1963a, Personnel File for [Name redacted] (1943–1963). 

[SRDB Ref ID: 20743]

MCW (Mallinckrodt Chemical Works), 1963b, Personnel File for [Name redacted] (1945–1963). 

[SRDB Ref ID: 20740]

MCW (Mallinckrodt Chemical Works), 1965, Summary of Health Protection Practices (revised 1965), 

Uranium Division, Health/Safety Department. [SRDB Ref ID: 14998]

MCW (Mallinckrodt Chemical Works), 1966a, Personnel File for [Name redacted] (1940–1966). 

[SRDB Ref ID: 20744]

MCW (Mallinckrodt Chemical Works), 1966b, Personnel File for [Name redacted] (1945–1966). 

[SRDB Ref ID: 20735]
Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0028-3 Revision No. 01 Effective Date: 01/30/2013 Page 12 of 12

MCW (Mallinckrodt Chemical Works), 1966c, Personnel File for [Name redacted] (1946–1966). 

[SRDB Ref ID: 20690]

MCW (Mallinckrodt Chemical Works), 1966d, Personnel File for [Name redacted] (1946–1966). 

[SRDB Ref ID: 20747]

MCW (Mallinckrodt Chemical Works), 1966e, Personnel Info for [Name redacted] (1946–1966). 

[SRDB Ref ID: 20633]

MCW (Mallinckrodt Chemical Works), 1966f, Personnel File for [Name redacted] (1947–1966). 

[SRDB Ref ID: 20733]

MCW (Mallinckrodt Chemical Works), 1966g, Personnel File for [Name redacted] (1948–1966). 

[SRDB Ref ID: 20741]

MCW (Mallinckrodt Chemical Works), 1966h, Personnel File for [Name redacted] (1949–1966). 

[SRDB Ref ID: 20745]

MCW (Mallinckrodt Chemical Works), 1966i. Medical, Dosimetry Records, Last Names Beginning with 

"A" (1952–1966). [SRDB Ref ID: 17285]

MCW (Mallinckrodt Chemical Works), 1966j. Medical, Dosimetry Record, [Name redacted] (1957–

1966). [SRDB Ref ID: 17230]

MCW (Mallinckrodt Chemical Works), 1966k. Medical, Dosimetry Record, [Name redacted] (1959–

1966). [SRDB Ref ID: 17236]

MCW (Mallinckrodt Chemical Works), 1967, Personnel File for [Name redacted] (1948–1967). [SRDB 

Ref ID: 20632]

NCRP (National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements), 1997, Medical X-ray, Electron 

Beam, and Gamma-Ray Protection for Energies Up to 50 MeV (Equipment Design, 

Performance, and Use), Report No. 102, Bethesda, Maryland.

NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health), 2010, Radiation Exposures Covered 

for Dose Reconstructions Under Part B of the Energy Employees Occupational Illness 

Compensation Program Act, DCAS-IG-003, Rev. 1, Division of Compensation Analysis and 

Support, Cincinnati, Ohio. [SRDB Ref ID: 88929]

ORAUT (Oak Ridge Associated Universities), 2011, Dose Reconstruction from Occupational Medical 

X-ray Procedures, ORAUT-OTIB-0006, Rev. 04, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. June 20.