# Patent

## Title
Wireless power feeder, wireless power receiver, and wireless power transmission system, and coil

## Abstract

A wireless power feeder feeds power from a feeding coil L2 to a receiving coil L3 by wireless using a magnetic field coupling between the feeding coil L2 and the receiving coil L3. The feeding coil L2 is formed so as to be rotated. A power transmission control circuit supplies AC power to the feeding coil L2 to make the feeding coil L2 feed the AC power to the receiving coil L3. The power transmission control circuit rotates the feeding coil L2 to change the opposing area between the feeding coil L2 and the receiving coil L3 as viewed in the axis direction of the feeding coil L2 to thereby adjust the AC power to be supplied from the feeding coil L2 to the receiving coil L3.

## Background
This is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 13/209,868, filed on Aug. 15, 2011 which is based on Provisional Application No. 61/447,849.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to wireless power feeding and, more particularly, to a power control thereof.
2. Description of Related Art
A wireless power feeding technique of feeding power without a power cord is now attracting attention. The current wireless power feeding technique is roughly divided into three: (A) type utilizing electromagnetic induction (for short range); (B) type utilizing radio wave (for long range); and (C) type utilizing resonance phenomenon of magnetic field (for intermediate range).
The type (A) utilizing electromagnetic induction has generally been employed in familiar home appliances such as an electric shaver; however, it can be effective only in a short range. The type (B) utilizing radio wave is available in a long range; however, it has small electric power. The type (C) utilizing resonance phenomenon is a comparatively new technique and is of particular interest because of its high power transmission efficiency even in an intermediate range of about several meters. For example, a plan is being studied in which a receiving coil is buried in a lower portion of an EV (Electric Vehicle) so as to feed power from a feeding coil in the ground in a non-contact manner. Hereinafter, the type (C) is referred to as “magnetic field resonance type”.
The magnetic field resonance type is based on a theory published by Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2006 (refer to Patent Document 1). In Patent Document 1, four coils are prepared. The four coils are referred to as “exciting coil”, “feeding coil”, “receiving coil”, and “loading coil” in the order starting from the feeding side. The exciting coil and feeding coil closely face each other for electromagnetic coupling. Similarly, the receiving coil and loading coil closely face each other for electromagnetic coupling. The distance (intermediate distance) between the feeding coil and receiving coil is larger than the distance between the exciting coil and feeding coil and distance between the receiving coil and loading coil. This system aims to feed power from the feeding coil to receiving coil.
When AC power is fed to the exciting coil, current also flows in the feeding coil according to the principle of electromagnetic induction. When the feeding coil generates a magnetic field to cause the feeding coil and receiving coil to magnetically resonate, high current flows in the receiving coil. At this time, current also flows in the loading coil according to the principle of electromagnetic induction, and power is taken from a load connected in series to the loading coil. By utilizing the magnetic field resonance phenomenon, high power transmission efficiency can be achieved even if the feeding coil and receiving coil are largely spaced from each other (refer to Patent Document 2, Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 4).
CITATION LIST
Patent Document
[Patent Document 1] U.S. Pat. Appln. Publication No. 2008/0278264
[Patent Document 2] Jpn. Pat. Appln. Laid-Open Publication No. 2006-230032
[Patent Document 3] International Publication Pamphlet No. WO2006/022365
[Patent Document 4] U.S. Pat. Appln. Publication No. 2009/0072629
[Patent Document 5] Jpn. Pat. Appln. Laid-Open Publication No. 2010-141977
[Patent Document 6] Jpn. Pat. Appln. Laid-Open Publication No. 2010-130878
[Patent Document 7] Jpn. Pat. Appln. Laid-Open Publication No. 2010-239777
[Patent Document 8] Jpn. Pat. Appln. Laid-Open Publication No. 2010-63245
[Patent Document 9] Jpn. Pat. Appln. Laid-Open Publication No. 2011-19291
[Patent Document 10] Jpn. Pat. Appln. Laid-Open Publication No. 2010-98257
[Patent Document 11] Jpn. Pat. Appln. Laid-Open Publication No. 2011-97671
[Patent Document 12] Jpn. Pat. Appln. Laid-Open Publication No. 2010-98896
[Patent Document 13] Jpn. Pat. Appln. Laid-Open Publication No. 2010-124522
The present inventor considers that a mechanism for controlling the magnitude of feeding power or power feeding direction is required in order to extend the applicability of wireless power feeding. In a technique disclosed in Patent Document 5, an input impedance on the power receiving side is adjusted by a variable capacitor to adjust the magnitude of receiving power. Also in the techniques disclosed in Patent Document 6, Patent Document 7, and Patent Document 8, a variable capacitor or a variable inductor is used to control power feeding or power receiving; however, in this case, the system configuration is inevitably complicated.
In Patent Documents 10 and 11, an elliptical feeding coil and an elliptical receiving coil are arranged in such a way that the long axes thereof cross each other at right angles. This is for preventing power transmission efficiency from changing when the feeding and receiving coils are displaced from each other in the horizontal direction. In Patent Document 12, the direction of a feeding coil or receiving coil is changed according to the position thereof. In patent Document 13, the angle of an exciting coil relative to a feeding coil or the angle of a loading coil relative to a receiving coil is changed according to an inter-coil distance between the feeding coil and receiving coil.
An object of the present invention is to achieve control of the magnitude of feeding power with a simple configuration in wireless power feeding of a magnetic field coupling type.
SUMMARY
A wireless power feeder according to the present invention feeds power from a feeding coil to a receiving coil by wireless using a magnetic field coupling between the feeding coil and receiving coil. The wireless power feeder includes the feeding coil formed so as to be rotated and a power transmission control circuit that supplies AC power to the feeding coil to make the feeding coil feed the AC power to the receiving coil. The power transmission control circuit rotates the feeding coil along the winding direction thereof to change the opposing area between the feeding coil and the receiving coil to thereby adjust the AC power to be supplied from the feeding coil to the receiving coil.
Changing a magnetic flux generated from the feeding coil and passing through the receiving coil by the rotation of the feeding coil achieves control of power transmission efficiency.
A wireless power receiver according to the present invention receives, at a receiving coil, AC power fed from a feeding coil by wireless using a magnetic field coupling between the feeding coil and the receiving coil. The wireless power receiver includes the receiving coil formed so as to be rotated and a power receiving control circuit that outputs the AC power received by the receiving coil. The power receiving control circuit rotates the receiving coil along the winding direction thereof to change the opposing area between the feeding coil and the receiving coil to thereby adjust the AC power received by the receiving coil.
A wireless power transmission system according to the present invention feeds power by wireless from a feeding coil to a receiving coil using a magnetic field coupling between the feeding coil and the receiving coil. The system includes a wireless power feeder and a wireless power receiver. The wireless power feeder includes the feeding coil and a power transmission control circuit that supplies AC power to the feeding coil to make the feeding coil feed the AC power to the receiving coil. The wireless power receiver includes the receiving coil and a power receiving control circuit that outputs the AC power received by the receiving coil. Both or one of the feeding coil and the receiving coil is formed so as to be rotated. Both or one of the power transmission control circuit and the power receiving control circuit rotates both or one of the feeding coil and the receiving coil along the winding direction thereof to change the opposing area between the feeding coil and the receiving coil to thereby adjust the AC power received by the receiving coil.
According to the present invention, it is possible to easily control the magnitude of the feeding power with a simple configuration in wireless power feeding of a magnetic field coupling type.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The above and other features and advantages of the present invention will be more apparent from the following description of certain preferred embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a view illustrating operation principle of a wireless power transmission system according to first to third and fifth embodiments;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a feeding coil L2 and a receiving coil L3 each having a magnetic body;
FIG. 3 is a view schematically illustrating a wireless power transmission system according to a first embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating the relationship between the rotation angle of the feeding coil and power transmission efficiency;
FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating the relationship between an inter-coil distance and power transmission efficiency in the case where feeding coil L2 having the power feeding side magnetic body F2 and receiving coil L3 having the power receiving side magnetic body F3 are moved in the horizontal direction;
FIG. 6 is a table corresponding to a with magnetic body/with-rotation characteristic of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating the relationship between power feeding drive frequency and power transmission efficiency in a with magnetic body/with rotation configuration;
FIG. 8 is a graph illustrating the relationship between power feeding drive frequency and power transmission efficiency in the with magnetic body/without rotation configuration;
FIG. 9 is a graph illustrating the relationship between the inter-coil distance and power transmission efficiency in the case where feeding coil L2 having the power feeding side magnetic body F2 and receiving coil L3 having the power receiving side magnetic body F3 are moved in the vertical direction;
FIG. 10 is a table corresponding to the with magnetic body/with rotation characteristic of FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3 only one of which has the magnetic body;
FIG. 12 is a graph illustrating the relationship between the inter-coil distance and power transmission efficiency in the case where feeding coil L2 not having the power feeding side magnetic body F2 and receiving coil L3 having the power receiving side magnetic body F3 are moved in the horizontal direction;
FIG. 13 is a view schematically illustrating the wireless power transmission system according to a second embodiment;
FIG. 14 is a system configuration view of the wireless power transmission system in the case where power is fed from one wireless power feeder to a plurality of wireless power receivers;
FIG. 15 is a coil arrangement view)(−90° in the case where one feeding coil L2 is made to face two receiving coils L3a and L3b; 
FIG. 16 is a coil arrangement view)(−45° in the case where one feeding coil L2 is made to face two receiving coils L3a and L3b; 
FIG. 17 is a coil arrangement view (0°) in the case where one feeding coil L2 is made to face two receiving coils L3a and L3b; 
FIG. 18 is a coil arrangement view (90°) in the case where one feeding coil L2 is made to face two receiving coils L3a and L3b; 
FIG. 19 is a graph illustrating the relationship between the rotation angle of the feeding coil L2 and power transmission efficiency in the case where one feeding coil L2 is made to face two receiving coils L3a and L3b; 
FIG. 20 is a coil arrangement view in the case where one feeding coil L2 is made to face three receiving coils L3a, L3b, and L3c; 
FIG. 21 is a coil arrangement view in the case where one feeding coil L2 is made to face four receiving coils L3a, L3b, L3c, and L3d; 
FIG. 22 is a view schematically illustrating the wireless power transmission system according to the third embodiment;
FIG. 23 is an arrangement view of the feeding coil L2, repeating coils L5a and L5b, and receiving coil L3;
FIG. 24 is a view illustrating operation principle of the wireless power transmission system according to a fourth embodiment;
FIG. 25 is an example of a system configuration view of the wireless power transmission system according to the fourth embodiment;
FIG. 26 is another example of a system configuration view of the wireless power transmission system according to the fourth embodiment;
FIG. 27 is a view illustrating a coil in a first configuration example;
FIG. 28 is a view illustrating a coil in a second configuration example;
FIG. 29 is a view illustrating a coil in a third configuration example;
FIG. 30 is a view illustrating a coil in a fourth configuration example;
FIG. 31 is a view illustrating a coil in a fifth configuration example;
FIG. 32 is a view illustrating a coil in a sixth configuration example;
FIG. 33 is a view illustrating a coil in a seventh configuration example;
FIG. 34 is a view illustrating a coil in an eighth configuration example;
FIG. 35 is a view illustrating a coil in a ninth configuration example;
FIG. 36 is a view illustrating a coil in a tenth configuration example;
FIG. 37 is a view illustrating a coil in an eleventh configuration example;
FIG. 38 is a view illustrating a coil in a twelfth configuration example;
FIG. 39 is a view illustrating a coil in a thirteenth configuration example;
FIG. 40 is a view illustrating a coil in a fourteenth configuration example;
FIG. 41 is a perspective view of a coil in a fifth embodiment;
FIG. 42 is a graph representing a relationship between the inter-coil distance and power transmission efficiency in the case where the receiving coil L3 is moved in the vertical direction;
FIG. 43 is a table corresponding to a with-rotation characteristic of FIG. 42;
FIG. 44 is a graph representing a relationship between the inter-coil distance and power transmission efficiency in the case where the receiving coil L3 is moved in the horizontal direction;
FIG. 45 is a view schematically illustrating a change in the opposing area between the feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3 which is caused in association with movement of the receiving coil;
FIG. 46 is a view of a coil in a fifteenth configuration example;
FIG. 47 is a view of a coil in a sixteenth configuration example;
FIG. 48 is a view of a coil in a seventeenth configuration example;
FIG. 49 is a view of a coil in an eighteenth configuration example;
FIG. 50 is a view of a coil in a nineteenth configuration example; and
FIG. 51 is a view of a coil in a twentieth configuration example.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a view illustrating operation principle of a wireless power transmission system 100 according to first to third and fifth embodiments. The wireless power transmission system 100 according to the first to third and fifth embodiments includes a wireless power feeder 116 and a wireless power receiver 118. The wireless power feeder 116 includes a power feeding LC resonance circuit 300. The wireless power receiver 118 includes a receiving coil circuit 130 and a loading circuit 140. A power receiving LC resonance circuit 302 is formed by the receiving coil circuit 130.
The power feeding LC resonance circuit 300 includes a capacitor C2 and a feeding coil L2. The power receiving LC resonance circuit 302 includes a capacitor C3 and a receiving coil L3. The values of the capacitor C2, feeding coil L2, capacitor C3, and receiving coil L3 are set such that the resonance frequencies of the feeding LC resonance circuit 300 and receiving LC resonance circuit 302 coincide with each other in a state where the feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3 are disposed away from each other far enough to ignore the magnetic field coupling therebetween. This common resonance frequency is assumed to be fr0.
In a state where the feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3 are brought close to each other in such a degree that they can be magnetic-field-coupled to each other, a new resonance circuit is formed by the power feeding LC resonance circuit 300, power receiving LC resonance circuit 302, and mutual inductance generated between them. The new resonance circuit has two resonance frequencies fr1 and fr2 (fr1<fr0<fr2) due to the influence of the mutual inductance. When the wireless power feeder 116 supplies AC power from a power feeding source VG to the power feeding LC resonance circuit 300 at the resonance frequency fr1, the power feeding LC resonance circuit 300 constituting a part of the new resonance circuit resonates at a resonance point 1 (resonance frequency fr1). When the power feeding LC resonance circuit 300 resonates, the feeding coil L2 generates an AC magnetic field of the resonance frequency fr1. The power receiving LC resonance circuit 302 constituting a part of the new resonance circuit also resonates by receiving the AC magnetic field. When the power feeding LC resonance circuit 300 and power receiving LC resonance circuit 302 resonate at the same resonance frequency fr1, wireless power feeding from the feeding coil L2 to receiving coil L3 is performed with the maximum power transmission efficiency. Received power is taken from a load LD of the wireless power receiver 118 as output power. Note that the new resonance circuit can resonate not only at the resonance point 1 (resonance frequency fr1) but also at a resonance point 2 (resonance frequency fr2).
Although FIG. 1 illustrates a configuration in which the wireless power feeder 116 does not include an exciting coil, the basic operation principle is the same as in the case where the wireless power feeder 116 includes the exciting coil.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3 each having a magnetic body. In FIG. 2 and subsequent drawings, z-axis is set in the right direction, that is, power feeding direction. Either the feeding coil L2 or receiving coil L3 in the present embodiment is a circular coil. A power feeding side magnetic body F2 is installed inside the feeding coil L2. A power receiving side magnetic body F3 is installed inside the receiving coil L3. Although the power feeding side magnetic body F2 and power receiving side magnetic body F3 are each made of ferrite in the present embodiment, they may each be made of another magnetic material.
Either the power feeding side magnetic body F2 or power receiving side magnetic body F3 has a circular arc shape. The power feeding side magnetic body F2 covers only a part of the inner side surface of the feeding coil L2, and the power receiving side magnetic body F3 covers only a part of the inner side surface of the receiving coil L3. As a result, the magnetic characteristics of the feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3 become non-uniform on xy plane, that is, in the circumferential direction. More specifically, the magnetic field of the feeding coil L2 becomes locally strong near the power feeding side magnetic body F2 and, similarly, the magnetic field of the receiving coil L3 becomes locally strong near the power receiving side magnetic body F3. Although described later in detail, when the power feeding side magnetic body F2 and power receiving side magnetic body F3 face each other as illustrated in FIG. 2, power transmission efficiency becomes maximum.
[First Embodiment]
FIG. 3 is a view schematically illustrating a wireless power transmission system according to a first embodiment. A power transmission control circuit 200 functions as an AC power supply and supplies AC power of a drive frequency fo to the feeding coil L2. The power transmission control circuit 200 in the first embodiment functions merely as a power feeding source VG (FIG. 1). The drive frequency fo may be a fixed frequency. For example, the drive frequency fo may be set to the resonance frequency fr1. As a matter of course, the power transmission control circuit 200 may be configured to be able to change the drive frequency fo.
The wireless power receiver 118 includes a receiving coil circuit 130 and a loading circuit 140. In the receiving coil circuit 130, a power receiving LC resonance circuit 302 (refer to FIG. 1) is formed by a receiving coil L3 and capacitor C3. When the feeding coil L2 generates an AC magnetic field at the resonance frequency fr1, the feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3 are magnetic-field coupled to each other, causing AC current to flow in the receiving coil circuit 130. Both the wireless power feeder 116 and receiving coil circuit 130 are made to resonate by the AC magnetic field generated by the feeding coil L2.
The loading circuit 140 is a circuit in which a loading coil L4 and a load LD are connected in series. The receiving coil L3 and loading coil L4 face each other. The distance between the receiving coil L3 and loading coil L4 is nearly zero. Thus, the receiving coil L3 and loading coil L4 are electromagnetically strongly coupled (coupling based on electromagnetic induction) to each other. When the AC current is made to flow in the receiving coil L3, an electromotive force occurs in the loading circuit 140 to cause AC current to flow in the loading circuit 140.
The AC power fed from the feeding coil L2 of the wireless power feeder 116 is received by the receiving coil L3 of the wireless power receiver 118 and taken from the load LD.
The power transmission control circuit 200 in the first embodiment is a mere AC power supply, so that the power transmission control circuit 200 can be formed by the application of known techniques.
The receiving coil L3 in the first embodiment is constructed in a rotatable manner. A power receiving control circuit 202 measures the receiving power of the load LD and rotates the receiving coil L3 according to the measurement result. For example, a target value of receiving power is previously set in the power receiving control circuit 202. The power receiving control circuit 202 measures the power (receiving power) to be supplied to the load LD while rotating the receiving coil L3. When the receiving coil L3 is rotated, the distance between the power feeding side magnetic body F2 and power receiving side magnetic body F3 changes. The rotation of the receiving coil L3 changes the mutual inductance between the feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3, so that the power transmission efficiency also changes. The power receiving control circuit 202 stops the rotation of the receiving coil L3 when the receiving power coincides with the target value. According to such a control method, receiving power can be adjusted in the wireless power receiver 118 with a simple configuration by rotating the receiving coil L3.
The power receiving control circuit 202 can detect the receiving power of the load LD using a known power measurement system. Alternatively, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application 2010-182830, a voltage value to be applied to the load LD can be set as a control target.
The feeding coil L2 may be rotated in place of the receiving coil L3, and both the feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3 may be rotated. When the feeding coil L2 is rotated, the setting of the power receiving control circuit 202 is changed so as to rotate the feeding coil L2 in place of the receiving coil L3. The feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3 need not have the same size or shape. Further, the feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3 need not always face each other, but may be arranged in parallel to each other.
FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating the relationship between the rotation angle of the feeding coil L2 and power transmission efficiency. The rotation angle at which the power feeding side magnetic body F2 and power receiving side magnetic body F3 face each other is defined to be 0°. Although the graph of FIG. 4 illustrates the power transmission efficiency in the case where the feeding coil L2 is rotated, the same result is obtained in the case where the receiving coil L3 is rotated. The power transmission efficiency at a rotation angle of 0° is about 59%. The further the power feeding side magnetic body F2 and power receiving side magnetic body F3 deviate from each other by the rotation of the feeding coil L2, the lower the power transmission efficiency becomes.
FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating the relationship between an inter-coil distance and power transmission efficiency in the case where feeding coil L2 having the power feeding side magnetic body F2 and receiving coil L3 having the power receiving side magnetic body F3 are moved in the horizontal direction. The horizontal axis represents the inter-coil distance between the feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3 which are moved in the horizontal direction (e.g., x-direction). In this example, the inter-coil distance (distance between the feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3) when the feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3 face each other, is defined to be 0 mm and, for example, the inter-coil distance when the receiving coil L3 is moved with respect to the feeding coil L2 along the x-axis by 40 mm is defined to be 40 mm. Further, in this example, the drive frequency fo is set such that the power transmission efficiency becomes maximum when the inter-coil distance between a feeding coil L2 (hereinafter, referred also to “conventional feeding coil L2”) that does not have the power feeding side magnetic body F2 and a receiving coil L3 (hereinafter, referred to also as “conventional receiving coil L3”) that does not have the power receiving side magnetic body F3 is 40 mm. Thus, in a without magnetic body characteristic 204 representing power transmission efficiency characteristics with respect to the inter-coil distance between the conventional feeding coil L2 and conventional receiving coil L3, the power transmission efficiency becomes maximum when the inter-coil distance is 40 mm. When the inter-coil distance is shifted from 40 mm, the power transmission efficiency rapidly decreases.
A with magnetic body/without rotation characteristic 206 represents power transmission efficiency characteristics in the case where the power feeding side magnetic body F2 and power receiving side magnetic body F3 are installed in the feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3 (hereinafter, referred to also as “non-uniform type feeding coil L2” and “non-uniform type receiving coil L3”) but neither the feeding coil L2 nor receiving coil L3 is rotated. Also in this case, when the inter-coil distance is shifted from 40 mm, the power transmission efficiency rapidly decreases.
FIG. 6 is a table corresponding to a with magnetic body/with rotation characteristic 208 of FIG. 5. The with magnetic body/with rotation characteristic 208 represents power transmission efficiency in the case where the receiving coil L3 (non-uniform type) is rotated when the feeding coil L2 (non-uniform type) is moved in the horizontal direction so as to stabilize receiving power. In this example, the rotation angle when the inter-coil distance is 40 mm is defined to be 0°. According to the with magnetic body/with rotation characteristic 208, a power transmission efficiency of about 60% can be maintained in the range of the inter-coil distance from 20 mm to 45 mm. This is because the decrease in the power transmission efficiency in accordance with the change in the inter-coil distance is compensated by the rotation of the receiving coil L3 (non-uniform type).
Assume that the inter-coil distance is changed from 40 mm (rotation angle: 0°) to 35 mm. If the feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3 are not rotated (with magnetic body/without rotation characteristic 206), the power feeding side magnetic body F2 and power receiving side magnetic body F3 are brought close to each other by 5 mm, so that resonance frequency characteristics are significantly changed, with the result that the power transmission efficiency decreases. However, when the receiving coil L3 is rotated in a direction in which the power feeding side magnetic body F2 and power receiving side magnetic body F3 are away from each other when the feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3 are brought close to each other, the distance between the power feeding side magnetic body F2 and power receiving side magnetic body F3 is not so changed, making it easy to maintain the power transmission efficiency. That is, the influence due to a change in the distance can be diminished or cancelled by the rotation. As a result, wireless power feeding having a resistance to a change in the distance can be achieved.
FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating the relationship between power feeding drive frequency and power transmission efficiency in the “with magnetic body/with rotation” configuration. As described using FIG. 1, the wireless power transmission system 100 exhibits the maximum power transmission efficiency at the resonance frequencies fr1 and fr2. Three curves illustrated in FIG. 7 correspond to different inter-coil distances (short distance, intermediate distance, and long distance), respectively, and each represents the relationship between the drive frequency fo and power transmission efficiency. As described using FIGS. 5 and 6, the change in the inter-coil distance can be compensated by the rotation of the receiving coil L3, the resonance frequency characteristics with respect to the inter-coil distance are made stable. As can be seen from FIG. 7, the resonance frequencies fr1 and fr2 do not change much depending on the inter-coil distance.
FIG. 8 is a graph illustrating the relationship between power feeding drive frequency and power transmission efficiency in the “with magnetic body/without rotation” configuration. FIG. 8 illustrates the relationship between the drive frequency fo and power transmission efficiency in the case where the receiving coil L3 is not rotated. Three curves illustrated in FIG. 8 correspond to the three inter-coil distances of FIG. 7. As can be seen from FIG. 8, the change in the inter-coil distance is not compensated by the rotation of the receiving coil L3, so that the resonance frequency characteristics significantly depend on the inter-coil distance. That is, the resonance frequencies fr1 and fr2 change much depending on the inter-coil distance.
FIG. 9 is a graph illustrating the relationship between the inter-coil distance and power transmission efficiency in the case where feeding coil L2 having the power feeding side magnetic body F2 and receiving coil L3 having the power receiving side magnetic body F3 are moved in the vertical direction. The horizontal axis represents the inter-coil distance between the feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3 which are moved in the vertical direction (z-direction). In this example, the inter-coil distance when the feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3 facing each other, is defined to be 0 mm and, for example, the inter-coil distance when the receiving coil L3 is moved with respect to the feeding coil L2 along the z-axis by 20 mm is defined to be 20 mm. Further, in this example, the drive frequency fo is fixed such that the power transmission efficiency becomes maximum when the inter-coil distance between the conventional feeding coil L2 and conventional receiving coil L3 is 20 mm. Thus, in the without-magnetic body characteristic 204, the power transmission efficiency becomes maximum when the inter-coil distance is 20 mm; when the inter-coil distance is shifted from 20 mm, the power transmission efficiency rapidly decreases.
The “with magnetic body/without rotation” characteristic 206 represents power transmission efficiency characteristics in the case where the power feeding side magnetic body F2 and power receiving side magnetic body F3 are installed in the feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3 but neither the feeding coil L2 nor receiving coil L3 is rotated. Also in this case, when the inter-coil distance is shifted from 20 mm, the power transmission efficiency rapidly decreases.
FIG. 10 is a table corresponding to the with magnetic body/with rotation characteristic 208 of FIG. 9. The with magnetic body/with rotation characteristic 208 represents control characteristics in the case where the non-uniform type receiving coil L3 is rotated when the non-uniform type feeding coil L2 is moved in the vertical direction so as to stabilize receiving power. In this example, the rotation angle when the inter-coil distance is 20 mm is defined to be 0°. According to the with magnetic body/with rotation characteristic 208, a power transmission efficiency of about 60% can be maintained in the range of the inter-coil distance from 12 mm to 20 mm. That is, the influence due to a change in the vertical direction (power feeding direction) distance can be diminished or cancelled by the rotation of the receiving coil L3.
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3 only one of which has the magnetic body. The power feeding side magnetic body F2 is not installed inside the feeding coil L2 in FIG. 11. The power receiving side magnetic body F3 is installed inside the receiving coil L3 as in the case of FIG. 2. That is, the feeding coil L2 is the conventional type, and receiving coil L3 is the non-uniform type. Thus, the magnetic characteristics in the circumferential direction of only one of the feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3 may be made non-uniform. Also in this case, the rotation of the non-uniform type coil allows the mutual inductance to be adjusted.
FIG. 12 is a graph illustrating the relationship between the inter-coil distance and power transmission efficiency in the case where feeding coil L2 not having the power feeding side magnetic body F2 and receiving coil L3 having the power receiving side magnetic body F3 are moved in the horizontal direction. The horizontal axis represents the inter-coil distance between the feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3 which are moved in the horizontal direction (e.g., x-direction). In this example, the drive frequency fo is set such that the power transmission efficiency becomes maximum when the inter-coil distance between the conventional feeding coil L2 and conventional receiving coil L3 is 40 mm. Thus, in the without magnetic body characteristic 204, the power transmission efficiency becomes maximum when the inter-coil distance is 40 mm; when the inter-coil distance is shifted from 40 mm, the power transmission efficiency rapidly decreases.
The “with magnetic body/without rotation” characteristic 206 represents characteristics in the case where the power receiving side magnetic body F3 is installed in the receiving coil L3 but the receiving coil L3 is not rotated. Also in this case, when the inter-coil distance is shifted from 40 mm, the power transmission efficiency rapidly decreases.
The “with magnetic body/with rotation” characteristic 208 represents control characteristics in the case where the non-uniform type receiving coil L3 is rotated when the conventional type feeding coil L2 is moved in the horizontal direction so as to stabilize receiving power. In this example, the rotation angle when the inter-coil distance is 40 mm is defined to be 0°. According to the with magnetic body/with rotation characteristic 208, a power transmission efficiency of about 40% can be maintained in the range of the inter-coil distance from 20 mm to 40 mm. Thus, also in the case where the power feeding side magnetic body F2 is not installed in the feeding coil L2 while the power receiving side magnetic body F3 is installed in the receiving coil L3, the influence due to a change in the distance can be diminished or cancelled by the rotation of the receiving coil L3. However, in the case where one of the coils is the conventional type, the entire power transmission efficiency decreases as compared with a case where both the coils are the non-uniform type.
[Second Embodiment]
FIG. 13 is a view schematically illustrating the wireless power transmission system according to a second embodiment. In the second embodiment, not the power receiving control circuit 202 but a power transmission control circuit 200 rotates the non-uniform type feeding coil L2 so as to control feeding power. The power feeding side magnetic body F2 is installed inside the feeding coil L2. The power receiving side magnetic body F3 is not installed inside the receiving coil L3. Thus, the magnetic characteristics of the feeding coil L2 in the circumferential direction thereof are non-uniform; while the magnetic characteristics of the receiving coil L3 in the circumferential direction thereof are uniform.
The power transmission control circuit 200 functions as an AC power supply and supplies AC power of a drive frequency fo to the feeding coil L2. The power transmission control circuit 200 in the second embodiment functions not only as a power feeding source VG (FIG. 1), but also as a means for rotating the feeding coil L2. The drive frequency fo may be a fixed frequency or variable frequency.
The non-uniform type feeding coil L2 is rotatable. The power transmission control circuit 200 measures reflection power from the feeding coil L2 and rotates the feeding coil L2 according to the measurement result. Concretely, the power transmission control circuit 200 can measure the reflection power using a network analyzer or the like. The higher the power transmission efficiency, the smaller the reflection power becomes.
A target value of the reflection power is previously set in the power transmission control circuit 200. The power transmission control circuit 200 measures the reflection power while rotating the feeding coil L2. The power transmission control circuit 200 stops the rotation when the reflection power coincides with the target value. According to such a control method, feeding power or receiving power can be adjusted in the wireless power feeder 116 with a simple configuration of rotating the feeding coil L2.
The power transmission control circuit 200 may measure current and voltage phases of the feeding coil L2 and set the deviation therebetween as a control target. Since the current and voltage phases coincide with each other at the resonance state, the deviation between the current and voltage phases is 0. Thus, by measuring the deviation between the current and voltage phases, deviation from the resonance state can be detected. Concretely, the phase difference can be detected using a method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-147538.
FIG. 14 is a system configuration view of the wireless power transmission system 100 in the case where power is fed from one wireless power feeder 116 to a plurality of wireless power receivers 118. As illustrated in FIG. 14, a plurality of wireless power receivers 118 may be provided for one wireless power feeder 116. In FIG. 14, only a receiving coil circuit 130a and a receiving coil circuit 130b of two wireless power receivers 118 are illustrated. The power transmission control circuit 200 can change the power distribution ratio to the two receiving coil circuits 130a and 130b by rotating the feeding coil L2. Details of this will be described below.
FIG. 15 is a coil arrangement view)(−90° in the case where one feeding coil L2 is made to face two receiving coils L3a and L3b. In the following FIGS. 15 to 18, FIG. 20, and FIG. 21, the coils (feeding coil L2 and two receiving coils L3a and L3b) are viewed in the z-axis direction.
The length of the circular arc of the power feeding side magnetic body F2 is about 1⁄4 of the inner circumference of the feeding coil L2. Similarly, the length of the circular arc of each of the power receiving side magnetic bodies F3a and F3b are about 1⁄4 of the inner circumference of each of the receiving coils L3a and L3b. The power transmission control circuit 200 rotates the feeding coil L2 clockwise about z-axis. Since the x-axis direction is defined to be a rotation angle of 0°, the rotation angle in FIG. 15 represents −90°. When the rotation angle is −90°, the power feeding side magnetic body F2 and power receiving side magnetic body F3a face each other, while the power feeding side magnetic body F2 and power receiving side magnetic body F3b are greatly away from each other. As a result, the receiving power of the receiving coil L3a is large, while the receiving power of the receiving coil L3b is small.
FIG. 16 is a coil arrangement view)(−45°) in the case where one feeding coil L2 is made to face two receiving coils L3a and L3b. FIG. 16 illustrates a state (rotation angle: −45°) where the feeding coil L2 is rotated clockwise by 45° from the state illustrated in FIG. 15. When the rotation angle is −45°, the power feeding side magnetic body F2 and power receiving side magnetic body F3a are slightly shifted from each other, and the receiving power of the receiving coil L3a is slightly reduced. The power receiving side magnetic body F3b and power feeding side magnetic body F2 are still away from each other, so that the receiving coil L3b receives little power.
FIG. 17 is a coil arrangement view (0°) in the case where one feeding coil L2 is made to face two receiving coils L3a and L3b. FIG. 17 illustrates a state (rotation angle: 0°) where the feeding coil L2 is rotated clockwise by 45° from the state illustrated in FIG. 16. The power feeding side magnetic body F2 is away from both the power receiving side magnetic bodies F3a and F3b, so that the receiving coils L3a and L3b receive little power.
FIG. 18 is a coil arrangement view (90°) in the case where one feeding coil L2 is made to face two receiving coils L3a and L3b. FIG. 18 illustrates a state (rotation angle: 90°) where the feeding coil L2 is rotated clockwise by 90° from the state illustrated in FIG. 17. The power feeding side magnetic body F2 faces the power receiving side magnetic body F3b, so that the receiving power of the receiving coil L3b is large.
FIG. 19 is a graph illustrating the relationship between the rotation angle of the feeding coil L2 and power transmission efficiency in the case where one feeding coil L2 is made to face two receiving coils L3a and L3b. The horizontal axis represents the rotation angle of the feeding coil L2, and vertical axis represents power transmission efficiency to the receiving coils L3a and L3b. As described using FIGS. 15 to 18, as the feeding coil L2 is rotated clockwise, the receiving power of the receiving coil L3a is reduced, while the receiving power of the receiving coil L3b is increased. That is, power can selectively be fed to the receiving coils L3a and L3b by the rotation of the feeding coil L2. According to such a control method, power feeding direction can be adjusted in the wireless power feeder 116 with a simple configuration of rotating the feeding coil L2.
FIG. 20 is a coil arrangement view in the case where one feeding coil L2 is made to face three receiving coils L3a, L3b, and L3c. As illustrated in FIG. 20, a configuration may be adopted in which one feeding coil L2 is made to face three receiving coils L3. In the example of FIG. 20, one coil can be selected, as a power feeding target, from the three receiving coils L3a to L3c at every 120°-rotation of the feeding coil L2.
FIG. 21 is a coil arrangement view in the case where one feeding coil L2 is made to face four receiving coils L3a, L3b, L3c, and L3d. As illustrated in FIG. 21, a configuration may be adopted in which one feeding coil L2 is made to face four receiving coils L3. In the example of FIG. 21, one coil can be selected, as a power feeding target, from the four receiving coils L3a to L3d at every 90°-rotation of the feeding coil L2. As a matter of course, a configuration may be possible in which one feeding coil L2 is made to face five or more receiving coils L3.
[Third Embodiment]
FIG. 22 is a view schematically illustrating the wireless power transmission system 100 according to the third embodiment. A power repeater 210 is added to the wireless power transmission system 100 of the third embodiment. The power receiving side magnetic body F3 is installed inside the receiving coil L3. Other configurations are the same as those of the second embodiment.
The power repeater 210 is an LC resonance circuit having the same resonance characteristics as the receiving coil L3 and includes a repeating coil L5 and a capacitor C5. A repeating side magnetic body F5 is installed in the repeating coil L5 in the same manner as the power feeding side magnetic body F2 and the power receiving side magnetic body F3. AC power fed from the wireless power feeder 116 is once received by the repeating coil L5. That is, the power repeater 210 has a function of transferring the AC power fed from the feeding coil L2 of the wireless power feeder 116 to the receiving coil L3 of the wireless power receiver 118. The repeating coil L5 then feeds the AC power to the receiving coil L3. As described above, the power repeater 210 may be interposed between the wireless power feeder 116 and the receiving coil circuit 130 so as to achieve relay transfer of the power from the feeding coil L2, repeating coil L5, and receiving coil L3 in this order. A plurality of power repeaters 210 may be interposed between the wireless power feeder 116 and receiving coil circuit 130.
FIG. 23 is an arrangement view of the feeding coil L2, repeating coils L5a and L5b, and receiving coil L3 as viewed in z-axis direction. As illustrated in FIG. 23, a set of a plurality of repeating coils L5a and L5b may be interposed between the feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3.
The power transmission control circuit 200 rotates the feeding coil L2. In the case of FIG. 23, the power feeding side magnetic body F2 is closer to a repeating side magnetic body F5a than to the repeating side magnetic body F5b. Thus, the power from the feeding coil L2 is fed to the receiving coil L3 in a route via the repeating coil L5a, not the repeating coil L5b. As described above, in the wireless power transmission system 100 having a plurality of repeating coils L5, the power transmission route can be controlled depending on the rotation angle of the feeding coil L2. That is, a transmission route having a better power feeding environment can be selected from a plurality of power transmission routes.
Although the feeding coil L2 is rotated in the above example, the repeating coil L5 of the power repeater 210 or receiving coil L3 of the receiving coil circuit 130 may be rotated.
[Fourth Embodiment]
FIG. 24 is a view illustrating operation principle of the wireless power transmission system 100 according to a fourth embodiment. The wireless power transmission system 100 of the fourth embodiment also includes the wireless power feeder 116 and wireless power receiver 118. However, the wireless power receiver 118 includes the power receiving LC resonance circuit 302, while the wireless power feeder 116 does not include the power feeding LC resonance circuit 300. That is, the feeding coil L2 does not constitute a part of the LC resonance circuit. More specifically, the feeding coil L2 does not form any resonance circuit with other circuit elements included in the wireless power feeder 116. No capacitor is connected in series or in parallel to the feeding coil L2. Thus, the feeding coil L2 does not resonate in a frequency at which power transmission is performed.
The power feeding source VG supplies AC current of the resonance frequency fr1 to the feeding coil L2. The feeding coil L2 does not resonate but generates an AC magnetic field of the resonance frequency fr1. The power receiving LC resonance circuit 302 resonates by receiving the AC magnetic field. As a result, high AC current flows in the power receiving LC resonance circuit 302. Studies have revealed that formation of the LC resonance circuit is not essential in the wireless power feeder 116. The feeding coil L2 does not constitute apart of the power feeding LC resonance circuit, so that the wireless power feeder 116 does not resonate at the resonance frequency fr1. It has been generally understood that, in the wireless power feeding of a magnetic field resonance type, making resonance circuits which are formed on the power feeding side and power receiving side resonate at the same resonance frequency fr1 (=fr0) allows power feeding of high power. However, it is found that even in the case where the wireless power feeder 116 does not contain the power feeding LC resonance circuit 300, if the wireless power receiver 118 includes the power receiving LC resonance circuit 302, the wireless power feeding of a magnetic field resonance type can be achieved.
Even when the feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3 are magnetic-field coupled to each other, a new resonance circuit (new resonance circuit formed by coupling of resonance circuits) is not formed due to absence of the capacitor C2. In this case, the stronger the magnetic field coupling between the feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3, the greater the influence exerted on the resonance frequency of the power receiving LC resonance circuit 302. By supplying AC current of this resonance frequency, i.e., resonance frequency near fr1 to the feeding coil L2, the wireless power feeding of a magnetic field resonance type can be achieved. In this configuration, the capacitor C2 need not be provided, which is advantageous in terms of size and cost.
FIG. 25 is an example of a system configuration view of the wireless power transmission system 100 according to the fourth embodiment. In the wireless power transmission system 100 of the fourth embodiment illustrated in FIG. 25, the capacitor C2 is omitted. Other configurations are the same as those of the wireless power transmission system 100 of the first embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3.
FIG. 26 is another example of a system configuration view of the wireless power transmission system 100 according to the fourth embodiment. In the wireless power transmission system 100 of the fourth embodiment illustrated in FIG. 26, the capacitor C2 is omitted. Other configurations are the same as those of the wireless power transmission system 100 of the second embodiment illustrated in FIG. 13. Also in the wireless power transmission system 100 of the third embodiment illustrated in FIG. 22, the capacitor C2 can be omitted.
Hereinafter, various configurations for making the magnetic characteristics in the coil (feeding coil L2, receiving coil L3, and repeating coil L5) circumferential direction non-uniform will be described. FIGS. 27 to 40 are coil arrangement views as viewed in z-axis direction.
FIG. 27 is a view illustrating a coil L in a first configuration example. As illustrated in FIG. 27, in the first configuration example, a circular arc magnetic body F is installed not on the inner side surface but on the outer side surface.
FIG. 28 is a view illustrating a coil L in a second configuration example. In the second configuration example, a ring where three magnetic bodies Fa to Fc and three resins Ra to Rc are alternately connected to one another is installed on the inner side surface of the coil L. The magnetic field is strong near the magnetic bodies Fa to Fc but weak near the resins Ra to Rc, thus making the magnetic characteristics in the circumferential direction of the coil L non-uniform.
FIG. 29 is a view illustrating a coil L in a third configuration example. In the third configuration example, the ring constituted by magnetic bodies F and resins R of the second configuration example is installed not on the inner side surface of the coil L, but on the outer side surface thereof.
FIG. 30 is a view illustrating a coil L in a fourth configuration example. In the fourth configuration example, a ring where four magnetic bodies Fa to Fd and four resins Ra to Rd alternately connected to one another is installed on the inner side surface of the coil L.
FIG. 31 is a view illustrating a coil L in a fifth configuration example. In the fifth configuration example, the ring constituted by magnetic bodies F and resins R of the fourth configuration example is installed not on the inner side surface of the coil L but on the outer side surface thereof.
FIG. 32 is a view illustrating a coil L in a sixth configuration example. In the sixth configuration example, the coil L is shaped as an ellipse, and a circular arc magnetic body F is installed at a part of the inner side surface of the coil L. Since the feeding coil L2 is shaped as an ellipse, the magnetic field on the major axis side is stronger than the magnetic field on the minor axis side. The installation of the magnetic body F increases further the non-uniformity of magnetic field characteristics.
FIG. 33 is a view illustrating a coil L in a seventh configuration example. In the seventh configuration example, the coil L is shaped as a square, and a plate-like magnetic body F is installed on the inner side surface of one side of the coil L.
FIG. 34 is a view illustrating a coil L in an eighth configuration example. In the eighth configuration example, the coil L is shaped as a hexagon, and a plate-like magnetic body F is installed on the inner side surface of one side of the coil L.
FIG. 35 is a view illustrating a coil L in a ninth configuration example. In the ninth configuration example, the coil L is shaped as an octagon, and a plate-like magnetic body F is installed on the inner side surface of the coil L over the two sides thereof. By forming the feeding coil L2 into a shape other than a true circle, such as an ellipse, a square, or a rectangle, as described above, the magnetic field characteristics can be made non-uniform. The magnetic body F may be installed not only on the inner side surface of the coil L but also on the outer side surface. In the case where a feeding coil L2 (or receiving coil L3) having a shape other than a true circle, such as an ellipse, is used, even the magnetic body F is not essential. This is because that the magnetic characteristics in the rotation direction of a coil having a shape other than a true circle are non-uniform, so that it is possible to aggressively change the magnetic characteristics only by rotating the coil.
FIG. 36 is a view illustrating a coil L in a tenth configuration example. In the tenth configuration example, not the circular arc but a fan-shaped magnetic body F is installed on the inner side surface of the coil L.
FIG. 37 is a view illustrating a coil L in an eleventh configuration example. In the eleventh configuration example, three fan-shaped magnetic bodies Fa to Fc are installed inside the coil L. The magnetic bodies Fa to Fc have different magnetic permeabilities from one another. Also in such a configuration, the magnetic characteristics in the circumferential direction of the coil L are made non-uniform.
FIG. 38 is a view illustrating a coil L in a twelfth configuration example. In the twelfth configuration example, four fan-shaped magnetic bodies Fa to Fd are installed inside the coil L. The magnetic bodies Fa to Fd have different magnetic permeabilities from one another.
FIG. 39 is a view illustrating a coil L in a thirteenth configuration example. In the thirteenth configuration example, a fan-shaped metal plate M is installed inside the coil L. By installing a magnetic material such as ferrite, a substantially non-magnetic material such as resin, or the like in a part of the coil L, the magnetic characteristics of the coil L can be made non-uniform.
FIG. 40 is a view illustrating a coil L in a fourteenth configuration example. In the fourteenth configuration example, a part of the circumference of the coil L is covered by a metal plate M.
[Fifth Embodiment]
FIG. 41 is a perspective view illustrating an arrangement of the feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3 in a fifth embodiment. A z-axis is set to the upward direction, in other words, the power feeding direction. The feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3 in the fifth embodiment each have an elliptical shape. In the first to fourth embodiments, the non-uniform type feeding coil L2 or non-uniform type receiving coil L3 is formed by the power feeding side magnetic body F2 or power receiving side magnetic body F3; while in the fifth embodiment, the coil itself is formed into a non-true circular shape (ellipse, polygon or the like) so as to make magnetic characteristics of the feeding coil L2 or receiving coil L3 in the circumferential direction non-uniform.
Also in the fifth embodiment, the wireless power feeder 116 and wireless power receiver 118 are constructed by the system configuration as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 3. However, in the present embodiment, the power feeding side magnetic body F2 and the power receiving side magnetic body F3 are not provided for the feeding coil L2 and the receiving coil L3, respectively, but an elliptical feeding coil L2 and an elliptical receiving coil L3 as illustrated in FIG. 41 are used. The power receiving control circuit 202 rotates the elliptical receiving coil L3 about the z-axis (power feeding direction).
The power receiving control circuit 202 measures the power of the load LD and rotates the receiving coil L3 according to a result of the measurement. For example, a target value of the receiving power is previously set to the power receiving control circuit 202. The power receiving control circuit 202 measures the power (receiving power) supplied to the load LD while rotating the receiving coil L3. The rotation of the receiving coil L3 changes the opposing area between the feeding coil L2 and the receiving coil L3 (detailed description of this will be made later using FIG. 45). The rotation of the receiving coil L3 changes the mutual inductance between the feeding coil L2 and the receiving coil L3 to change the power transmission efficiency. When the receiving power and target value coincide with each other, in other words, when the power transmission efficiency reaches the target value, the power receiving control circuit 202 stops rotating the receiving coil L3. According to such a control method, simply rotating the receiving coil L3 allows adjustment of the receiving power in the wireless power receiver 118. The feeding coil L2 may be rotated in place of the receiving coil L3, or both the feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3 may be rotated. The power transmission control circuit 200 may measure reflection power (reflection power to the power transmission control circuit 200) from the feeding coil L2 or feeding power (current and voltage) of the feeding coil L2. The power transmission control circuit 200 may notify the power receiving control circuit 202 of a result of the measurement so as to allow the power receiving control circuit 202 to rotate the receiving coil L3 according to the measurement result. The power receiving control circuit 202 may stop rotating the receiving coil L3 when the feeding power from the feeding coil L2 reaches the target value. That is, the feeding power of the feeding coil L2 or receiving power of the receiving coil L3 can be controlled by both or one of the feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3. As described above, the power transmission control circuit 200 or power receiving control circuit 202 may measure the current phase and voltage phase of the feeding coil L2 and set the deviation therebetween as the control target. The power transmission control circuit 200 or power receiving control circuit 202 may measure the current phase and voltage phase of the receiving coil L3. This is because that the phase deviation and feeding power or receiving power are correlated with each other.
FIG. 42 is a graph representing a relationship between the inter-coil distance and power transmission efficiency in the case where the feeding coil L2 and the receiving coil L3 are moved in the vertical direction. The horizontal axis represents the inter-coil distance in the case where the feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3 are separated from each other in the vertical direction (z-direction). It is assumed here that the inter-coil distance (distance between the feeding coil L2 and the receiving coil L3) when the feeding coil L2 and the receiving coil L3 contact each other is 0 mm. The drive frequency fo is set such that the power transmission efficiency becomes maximum when the inter-coil distance is 0 mm. With a without-rotation characteristic 214 representing power transmission efficiency characteristic in the case where the receiving coil L3 is not rotated, the power transmission efficiency become maximum when the inter-coil distance is 0 mm and the power transmission efficiency decreases as the inter-coil distance becomes larger. A with-rotation characteristic 212 represents power transmission efficiency characteristic in the case where the receiving coil L3 is rotated when being moved in the vertical direction.
FIG. 43 is a table corresponding to the with-rotation characteristic 212 of FIG. 42. The with-rotation characteristic 212 represents the power transmission efficiency characteristics in the case where the receiving coil L3 is rotated when being moved in the vertical direction so as to stabilize the receiving power. The rotation angle when the inter-coil distance is 0 mm is set to 90°. The 90° indicates a state where the long axes of the feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3 cross each other at right angles. Although details will be described later, the opposing area (overlap) between the feeding coil L2 and the receiving coil L3 as viewed from the power feeding direction (z-axis direction) becomes minimum at the rotation angle of 90°, while the opposing area becomes maximum at the rotation angle of 0°. Thus, as the rotation angle is brought close to 0°, the power transmission efficiency is increased. According to the with-rotation characteristic 212, when the inter-coil distance falls within a range of 0 mm to 7 mm, the power transmission efficiency of about 80% can be maintained. This is because the decrease in the power transmission efficiency caused in association with the change in the inter-coil distance is compensated by the rotation of the receiving coil L3.
FIG. 44 is a graph representing a relationship between the inter-coil distance and power transmission efficiency in the case where the feeding coil L2 and the receiving coil L3 are moved in the horizontal direction. The horizontal axis represents the inter-coil distance in the case where the feeding coil L2 and the receiving coil L3 are separated from each other in the horizontal direction (e.g., x-direction). It is assumed here that the inter-coil distance (distance between the feeding coil L2 and the receiving coil L3) when the center axes of the feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3 coincide with each other is 0 mm. The drive frequency fo is set such that the power transmission efficiency becomes maximum when the inter-coil distance between the feeding coil L2 and the receiving coil L3 is 0 mm. The without-rotation characteristic 214, which is power transmission efficiency characteristic when the receiving coil L3 is not rotated, represents that the power transmission efficiency become maximum when the inter-coil distance is 0 mm and that the power transmission efficiency starts decreasing when the inter-coil distance becomes equal to or larger than 16 mm. On the other hand, the with-rotation characteristic 212 represents that the power transmission efficiency nearly unchanged until the inter-coil distance is increased up to 28 mm.
FIG. 45 is a view schematically illustrating a change in the opposing area between the feeding coil L2 and the receiving coil L3 which is caused in association with movement of the receiving coil. In the upper part of FIG. 45, the center axes of the feeding coil L2 and the receiving coil L3 coincide with each other. The rotation angle of the receiving coil L3 is 90°. That is, the long axes of the feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3 cross each other at right angles, thus reducing the opposing area (shaded part of FIG. 45) between the feeding coil L2 and the receiving coil L3.
Assume that the receiving coil L3 is moved in x-axis direction as illustrated in the lower part of FIG. 45. At this time, the power receiving control circuit 202 rotates the receiving coil L3 according to the travel distance of the receiving coil L3. The opposing area is increased as the rotation angle is brought close to 0°; however, the feeding coil L2 and the receiving coil L3 are separated from each other, so that the opposing area is substantially unchanged. That is, a reduction in the opposing area caused due to the movement of the receiving coil L3 is compensated by the rotation of the receiving coil L3. As a result, the power transmission efficiency can be easily made stable.
Also in the fifth embodiment, the resonance frequency characteristics can be made stable with respect to the coil travel amount as described using FIGS. 7 and 8. When the receiving coil L3 is rotated, changes in the resonance frequencies fr1 and fr2 due to the movement of the coil is suppressed, as illustrated in FIG. 7. When the receiving coil L3 is not rotated, the resonance frequencies fr1 and fr2 significantly change according to the coil travel distance, as illustrated in FIG. 8.
The power receiving control circuit 202 may measure the travel distance of the receiving coil L3 when it is moved. Alternatively, the power receiving control circuit 202 may measure the position of the receiving coil L3 using a known sensor to acquire the travel distance thereof from the positional change amount. When not the receiving coil L3, but the feeding coil L2 is moved, the power transmission control circuit 200 may measure travel distance of the feeding coil L2 and transmit a result of the measurement to the receiving control circuit 202.
As described using FIG. 13, the power transmission control circuit 200 may rotate the feeding coil L2, not the receiving coil L3. In this case, the power transmission control circuit 200 measures the reflection power from the feeding coil L2 or current and voltage flowing through the feeding coil L2 and then rotates the feeding coil L2 according to a change in the feeding power from the feeding coil L2. That is, as described above, the feeding coil L2 is rotated according to the receiving power or inter-coil distance. The fifth embodiment can be applied to the configuration as illustrated in FIG. 24 in which the feeding coil L2 and capacitor C2 are not made to resonate with each other. The same can be said for the configurations of FIGS. 25 and 26.
The following describes various configurations of the coil (feeding coil L2, receiving coli L3) in the fifth embodiment. FIGS. 46 to 51 each illustrate the coil as viewed in z-axis direction.
FIG. 46 is a view of the coil L in a fifteenth configuration example. As illustrated, in the fifteenth configuration example, the coil is formed into a triangular shape.
FIG. 47 is a view of the coil L in a sixteenth configuration example. As illustrated, in the sixteenth configuration example, the coil is formed into a square shape.
FIG. 48 is a view of the coil L in a seventeenth configuration example. As illustrated, in the seventeenth configuration example, the coil is formed into a pentagonal shape.
FIG. 49 is a view of the coil L in an eighteenth configuration example. As illustrated, in the eighteenth configuration example, the coil is formed into a hexagonal shape.
FIG. 50 is a view of the coil L in a nineteenth configuration example. As illustrated, in the nineteenth configuration example, the coil is formed into a crescent shape.
FIG. 51 is a view of the coil L in a twentieth configuration example. As illustrated, in the twentieth configuration example, the coil is formed into a star shape.
As described above, the feeding coil L2 or receiving coil L3 may be formed into a non-true circular shape such as a polygon, ellipse or the like. Both the feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3 need not be formed into the non-true circular shape. For example, when the receiving coil L3 is subjected to the rotation control, a configuration is possible in which the feeding coil L2 is formed into a true circular shape and the receiving coil L3 is into a non-true circular shape. This is because a rotation of the non-true circular shaped coil can change the opposing area between the feeding coil L2 and the receiving coil L3. Similarly, both the feeding coil L2 and receiving coil L3 need not be formed into an ellipse. For example, a configuration may be possible in which the feeding coil L2 is formed into a pentagon and the receiving coil L3 is into an ellipse.
The various embodiments of the wireless power transmission system 100 according to the present invention have thus been described. According to the wireless power transmission system 100, by controlling the rotation angle of the feeding coil L2, receiving coil L3, repeating coil L5, or the like, it is possible to control the power transmission efficiency or power transmission direction. Since a complicated electrical circuit as disclosed in related arts need not be provided, power control in the wireless power feeding can be achieved with a simple configuration. This is because the coil having a configuration in which the magnetic characteristics in the circumferential direction are made non-uniform is used to allow the coil rotation and strength of the magnetic field to correlate with each other.
The present invention has been described based on the above embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, various modifications and changes may be made within the scope of the claims of the present invention, and all such variations may be included within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Thus, the descriptions and drawings in this specification should be considered as not restrictive but illustrative.
The “AC power” used in the wireless power transmission system 100 may be transmitted not only as an energy but also as a signal. Even in the case where an analog signal or digital signal is fed by wireless, the wireless power feeding method of the present invention may be used.
The coil, such as the feeding coil L2 need not always be rotated about z-axis but may be rotated about any axis such as x-axis or y-axis.
Although the “magnetic field resonance type” that utilizes a magnetic field resonance phenomenon has been described in the present embodiment, the magnetic field resonance is not essential in the present invention. For example, the present embodiment can be applied to the above-described type A (for short distance) that utilizes the electromagnetic induction, wherein the feeding coil and receiving coil are electromagnetically coupled as in the “magnetic field resonance type”.
The following inventions can be grasped from the present specification.
A1. A wireless power feeder that feeds power from a feeding coil to a receiving coil by wireless using a magnetic field coupling phenomenon between the feeding coil and receiving coil, said feeder comprising:
the feeding coil constructed in a rotatable manner; and
a power transmission control circuit that supplies AC power to the feeding coil so as to make the feeding coil feed the AC power to the receiving coil, the feeding coil being constructed such that the magnetic characteristics thereof in the circumferential direction are made non-uniform.
A2. The wireless power feeder according to A1, wherein
a magnetic body is installed at only a part of the circumference of the feeding coil to make the magnetic characteristics of the feeding coil in the circumferential direction non-uniform.
A3. The wireless power feeder according to A1 or A2, wherein
the power transmission control circuit rotates the feeding coil so as to control the AC power to be fed from the feeding coil to the receiving coil.
A4. A wireless power receiver that receives, at a receiving coil, AC power fed from a feeding coil by wireless using a magnetic field coupling phenomenon between the feeding coil and receiving coil, said receiver comprising:
the receiving coil constructed in a rotatable manner; and
a loading circuit including a loading coil that is magnetically coupled to the receiving coil to receive the AC power from the receiving coil and a load that receives the AC power from the loading coil,
the receiving coil being constructed such that the magnetic characteristics thereof in the circumferential direction thereof are made non-uniform.
A5. The wireless power receiver according to A4, wherein
a magnetic body is installed at only a part of the circumference of the receiving coil to make the magnetic characteristics of the receiving coil in the circumferential direction non-uniform.
A6. The wireless power receiver according to A4 or A5, further comprising a power receiving control circuit that rotates the receiving coil so as to control the AC power received by the receiving coil.
A7. A wireless power transmission system for feeding power by wireless from a feeding coil to a receiving coil using a magnetic field coupling phenomenon between the feeding coil and receiving coil, said system comprising: a wireless power feeder and a wireless power receiver,
the wireless power feeder including:
the feeding coil; and
a power transmission control circuit that supplies AC power to the feeding coil so as to make the feeding coil feed the AC power to the receiving coil,
the wireless power receiver including:
the receiving coil; and
a loading circuit including a loading coil that is magnetically coupled to the receiving coil to receive the AC power from the receiving coil and a load that receives the AC power from the loading coil, and
both or one of the feeding and receiving coils being constructed in a rotatable manner and constructed as a non-uniform type coil in which the magnetic characteristics thereof in the circumferential direction are non-uniform.
A8. The wireless power transmission system according to A7, wherein
at least the receiving coil is constructed as the non-uniform type coil, and
the wireless power receiver further includes a power receiving control circuit that rotates the receiving coil so as to control the AC power received by the receiving coil.
A9. The wireless power transmission system according to A7 or A8, wherein at least the feeding coil is constructed as the non-uniform type coil, and
the power transmission control circuit rotates the feeding coil so as to control the AC power to be fed from the feeding coil to the receiving coil.
A10. The wireless power transmission system according to A7, wherein
a plurality of the wireless power receivers are provided for one wireless power feeder, and
AC power supplied from one feeding coil is received by one or more receiving coils.
A11. A coil constructed such that the magnetic characteristics thereof in the circumferential direction are made non-uniform.
A12. The coil according to A11, wherein
a magnetic body is installed at only a part of the circumference of the coil to make the magnetic characteristics of the coil in the circumferential direction non-uniform.
A13. The coil according to A12, wherein
a circular arc magnetic body is installed along the inner side or outer side of the coil circumference to make the magnetic characteristics of the coil in the circumferential direction non-uniform.

## Claims

1. A wireless power feeder that wirelessly feeds power from a feeding coil to a receiving coil using a magnetic field coupling between the feeding coil and the receiving coil, the wireless power feeder comprising:
the feeding coil formed so as to be rotated; and
a power transmission control circuit that supplies AC power to the feeding coil to make the feeding coil feed the AC power to the receiving coil, wherein
the power transmission control circuit is configured to rotate the feeding coil along a winding direction thereof to change an opposing area between the feeding coil and the receiving coil, thereby adjusting a mutual inductance between the feeding coil and the receiving coil, to adjust the AC power to be supplied from the feeding coil to the receiving coil, and
the feeding coil is formed into a non-true circular shape.

2. The wireless power feeder according to claim 1, wherein
the feeding coil is formed into an ellipse or a polygon.

3. The wireless power feeder according to claim 1, wherein
the power transmission control circuit adjusts a rotation amount of the feeding coil according to feeding power of the feeding coil or receiving power of the receiving coil.

4. The wireless power feeder according to claim 3, wherein
the power transmission control circuit rotates the feeding coil until the feeding power of the feeding coil or the receiving power of the receiving coil reaches a predetermined target value.

5. The wireless power feeder according to claim 1, wherein
the power transmission control circuit adjusts a rotation amount of the feeding coil according to a distance between the feeding coil and the receiving coil.

6. A wireless power receiver that wirelessly receives, at a receiving coil, AC power fed from a feeding coil using a magnetic field coupling between the feeding coil and the receiving coil, the wireless power receiver comprising:
the receiving coil formed so as to be rotated; and
a power receiving control circuit that outputs the AC power received by the receiving coil, wherein:
the power receiving control circuit is configured to rotate the receiving coil along a winding direction thereof to change an opposing area between the feeding coil and the receiving coil, thereby adjusting a mutual inductance between the feeding coil and the receiving coil, to adjust the AC power received by the receiving coil, and
the receiving coil is formed into a non-true circular shape.

7. The wireless power receiver according to claim 6, wherein
the receiving coil is formed into an ellipse or a polygon.

8. The wireless power receiver according to claim 6, wherein
the power receiving control circuit adjusts a rotation amount of the receiving coil according to the AC power received by the receiving coil.

9. The wireless power receiver according to claim 6, wherein
the power receiving control circuit rotates the receiving coil until feeding power of the feeding coil or receiving power of the receiving coil reaches a predetermined target value.

10. The wireless power receiver according to claim 6, wherein
the power receiving control circuit adjusts a rotation amount of the receiving coil according to a distance between the feeding coil and the receiving coil.

11. A wireless power transmission system for wirelessly feeding power from a feeding coil to a receiving coil using a magnetic field coupling between the feeding coil and the receiving coil, the wireless power transmission system comprising:
a wireless power feeder; and
a wireless power receiver, wherein:
the wireless power feeder includes:
the feeding coil; and
a power transmission control circuit that supplies AC power to the feeding coil to make the feeding coil feed the AC power to the receiving coil,

the wireless power receiver includes:
the receiving coil; and
a power receiving control circuit that outputs the AC power received by the receiving coil,

both or one of the feeding coil and the receiving coil is formed so as to be rotated,
both or one of the power transmission control circuit and the power receiving control circuit is configured to rotate both or one of the feeding coil and the receiving coil along a winding direction thereof to change an opposing area between the feeding coil and the receiving coil, thereby adjusting a mutual inductance between the feeding coil and the receiving coil, to adjust the AC power received by the receiving coil, and
both or one of the feeding coil and the receiving coil is formed into a non-true circular shape.

12. The wireless power feeder according to claim 1, wherein a self-inductance of the feeding coil does not change when the feeding coil is rotated.

13. The wireless power receiver according to claim 6, wherein a self-inductance of the receiving coil does not change when the receiving coil is rotated.

14. The wireless power transmission system according to claim 11, wherein at least one of a self-inductance of the feeding coil and a self-inductance of the receiving coil does not change when rotated.