SEC Petition Evaluation Report 

Petition SEC-00134 

Report Rev #: 0 Report Submittal Date: December 9, 2008 

Subject Expert(s): Vincent King, Joseph Guido, James Mahathy 

Site Expert(s): N/A 

Petitioner Administrative Summary 

Petition Under Evaluation 

Petition # Petition 

Type 

Petition A 

Receipt Date DOE/AWE Facility Name 

SEC-00134 83.14 November 20, 2008 Vitro Manufacturing (Canonsburg) 

NIOSH-Proposed Class Definition 

All AWE employees who worked at Vitro Manufacturing in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, from August 13, 1942 

through December 31, 1957, for a number of work days aggregating at least 250 work days, occurring either 

solely under this employment or in combination with work days within the parameters established for one or 

more other classes of employees in the Special Exposure Cohort. 

Related Petition Summary Information 

SEC Petition Tracking #(s) Petition Type DOE/AWE Facility Name Petition Status 

None None None None 

Related Evaluation Report Information 

Report Title DOE/AWE Facility Name 

None None 

ORAU Lead Technical Evaluator: James Mahathy ORAU Review Completed By: Michael Kubiak 

Peer Review Completed By: [Signature on file] 

Stu Hinnefeld 

12/09/2008 

Date 

SEC Petition Evaluation Reviewed By: [Signature on file] 

J. W. Neton 

12/09/2008 

Date 

SEC Evaluation Approved By: [Signature on file] 

Larry Elliott 

12/09/2008 

Date 
SEC-00134 12-09-08 FINAL Vitro Mfg. (Canonsburg) 

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Evaluation Report Summary: SEC-00134, Vitro Manufacturing (Canonsburg) 

This evaluation report by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 

addresses a class of employees proposed for addition to the Special Exposure Cohort (SEC) per the 

Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 

§ 7384 et seq. (EEOICPA) and 42 C.F.R. pt. 83, Procedures for Designating Classes of Employees 

as Members of the Special Exposure Cohort Under the Energy Employees Occupational Illness 

Compensation Program Act of 2000. 

NIOSH-Proposed Class Definition 

All AWE employees who worked at Vitro Manufacturing in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, from August 

13, 1942 through December 31, 1957, for a number of work days aggregating at least 250 work days, 

occurring either solely under this employment, or in combination with work days within the 

parameters established for one or more other classes of employees included in the SEC. 

Feasibility of Dose Reconstruction Findings 

NIOSH lacks sufficient information, which includes specific biological monitoring data, sufficient air 

monitoring information, or sufficient process and radiological source information that would allow it 

to estimate with sufficient accuracy the potential internal exposures to non-uranium radionuclides in 

disequilibrium with uranium to which the proposed class may have been subjected. NIOSH finds that 

reconstruction of external dose for individuals for whom personal monitoring records are not available 

is also not feasible. 

NIOSH finds that it is likely feasible to reconstruct occupational medical dose for Vitro 

Manufacturing workers with sufficient accuracy. 

•	 Principal sources of internal radiation for members of the proposed class included exposures to 

uranium and uranium progeny. Vitro Manufacturing processed uranium ores, concentrates, scrap, 

and residues that resulted in generation of airborne dust, surface contamination, and direct contact 

with bulk materials. 

•	 NIOSH has insufficient documentation to adequately define the degree of disequilibrium between 

uranium and uranium progeny. NIOSH therefore has insufficient information to bound internal 

exposures to non-uranium radionuclides in disequilibrium with uranium during the AWE 

operations period. 

•	 NIOSH has obtained bioassay urinalysis results for the period between 1950 and 1954. Due to 

process separation of uranium and uranium progeny radionuclides throughout the AWE operations 

period, the available uranium urinalysis results cannot be used to quantify intakes of non-uranium 

radionuclides. 

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•	 NIOSH has obtained area air sampling and limited breathing zone air monitoring results for the 

period from 1949 through 1953. The data are highly variable and there is insufficient information 

available to NIOSH to apply the data to specific individual breathing zones. 

•	 Principal sources of external radiation for members of the proposed class included exposures to 

uranium and uranium progeny. NIOSH has obtained external dosimeter results for monitored 

individuals for the period from December 1943 through March 1954. NIOSH has determined that 

reconstruction of the external dose for monitored workers is feasible. However, NIOSH has not 

made a determination at this time whether reconstruction of external dose for unmonitored 

workers is feasible. This lack of determination has no effect on individuals who are in the SEC 

class, but a determination will have to be made in order to complete dose reconstructions for 

individuals who have non-presumptive cancers or who do not meet other criteria of the SEC class. 

•	 Pursuant to 42 C.F.R. § 83.13(c)(1), NIOSH determined that there is insufficient information to 

either: (1) estimate the maximum radiation dose, for every type of cancer for which radiation 

doses are reconstructed, that could have been incurred under plausible circumstances by any 

member of the class; or (2) estimate the radiation doses of members of the class more precisely 

than a maximum dose estimate. 

•	 Although NIOSH found that it is not possible to completely reconstruct radiation doses for Vitro 

Manufacturing (Canonsburg) employees, NIOSH intends to use any available internal and external 

monitoring data that may be available for an individual claim (and that can be interpreted using 

existing NIOSH dose reconstruction processes or procedures). Furthermore, NIOSH has 

determined that occupational medical dose for all workers can be reconstructed. Therefore, dose 

reconstructions may be performed using these data, as appropriate, for individuals with 

non-presumptive cancers or fewer than 250 days employment during the class period. 

Health Endangerment Determination 

The NIOSH evaluation did not identify any evidence supplied by the petitioners or from other 

resources that would establish that the class was exposed to radiation during a discrete incident likely 

to have involved exceptionally high-level exposures, such as nuclear criticality incidents or other 

events involving similarly high levels of exposures. However, the evidence reviewed in this 

evaluation indicates that some workers in the class may have accumulated chronic radiation exposures 

through intakes of uranium and uranium progeny and from direct exposure to radioactive materials. 

Therefore, 42 C.F.R. § 83.13(c)(3)(ii) requires NIOSH to specify that health may have been 

endangered for those workers covered by this evaluation who were employed for a number of work 

days aggregating at least 250 work days within the parameters established for this class or in 

combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more other classes of 

employees in the SEC. 

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Table of Contents 

Evaluation Report Summary: SEC-00134, Vitro Manufacturing (Canonsburg) .................................... 3 

1.0 Purpose and Scope....................................................................................................................... 7 

2.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 7 

3.0 NIOSH-Proposed Class Definition and Petition Basis................................................................ 8 

4.0 Radiological Operations Relevant to the Proposed Class ........................................................... 8 

4.1 Operations Description ....................................................................................................... 8 

4.2 Radiation Exposure Potential from Operations .................................................................. 9 

4.3 Time Period Associated with Radiological Operations.................................................... 10 

4.4 Site Locations Associated with Radiological Operations ................................................ 10 

4.5 Job Descriptions Affected by Radiological Operations ................................................... 10 

5.0 Summary of Available Monitoring Data for the Proposed Class .............................................. 10 

5.1 Data Capture Efforts and Sources Reviewed ................................................................... 11 

5.2 Worker Interviews ............................................................................................................ 11 

5.3 Internal Personnel Monitoring Data ................................................................................. 11 

5.4 External Personnel Monitoring Data ................................................................................ 12 

5.5 Workplace Monitoring Data............................................................................................. 12 

5.6 Radiological Source Term Data ....................................................................................... 12 

6.0 Feasibility of Dose Reconstruction for the Proposed Class ...................................................... 13 

6.1 Feasibility of Estimating Internal Exposures ................................................................... 13 

6.2 Feasibility of Estimating External Exposures .................................................................. 14 

6.3 Class Parameters Associated with Infeasibility................................................................ 15 

7.0 Summary of Feasibility Findings for Petition SEC-00134........................................................ 15 

8.0 Evaluation of Health Endangerment for Petition SEC-00134................................................... 16 

9.0 NIOSH-Proposed Class for Petition SEC-00134 ...................................................................... 16 

10.0 Evaluation of Second Similar Class .......................................................................................... 17 

11.0 References ................................................................................................................................. 19 

Attachment 1: Data Capture Synopses .................................................................................................. 25 

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SEC-00134 12-09-08 FINAL Vitro Mfg. (Canonsburg) 

SEC Petition Evaluation Report for SEC-00134 

ATTRIBUTION AND ANNOTATION: This is a single-author document. All conclusions drawn from 

the data presented in this evaluation were made by the ORAU Team Lead Technical Evaluator: James 

Mahathy, Oak Ridge Associated Universities. These conclusions were peer-reviewed by the 

individuals listed on the cover page. The rationales for all conclusions in this document are explained 

in the associated text. 

1.0 Purpose and Scope 

This report evaluates the feasibility of reconstructing doses for employees who worked at Vitro 

Manufacturing during a specified time. It provides information and analysis germane to considering a 

petition for adding a class of employees to the Congressionally-created SEC. 

This report does not make any determinations concerning the feasibility of dose reconstruction that 

necessarily apply to any individual energy employee who might require a dose reconstruction from 

NIOSH, with the exception of the employee whose dose reconstruction could not be completed, and 

whose claim consequently led to this petition evaluation. The finding in this report is not the final 

determination as to whether or not the proposed class will be added to the SEC. This report will be 

considered by the Advisory Board on Radiation and Worker Health (the Board) and by the Secretary 

of Health and Human Services (HHS). The Secretary of HHS will make final decisions concerning 

whether or not to add one or more classes to the SEC in response to the petition addressed by this 

report. 

This evaluation, in which NIOSH provides its findings both on the feasibility of estimating radiation 

doses of members of this class with sufficient accuracy and on health endangerment, was conducted in 

accordance with the requirements of EEOICPA and 42 C.F.R. § 83.14. 

2.0 Introduction 

Both EEOICPA and 42 C.F.R. pt. 83 require NIOSH to evaluate qualified petitions requesting that the 

Department of Health and Human Services add a class of employees to the SEC. The evaluation is 

intended to provide a fair, science-based determination of whether it is feasible to estimate, with 

sufficient accuracy, the radiation doses of the proposed class of employees through NIOSH dose 

reconstructions.1 

NIOSH is required to document its evaluation in a report, and to do so, relies upon both its own dose 

reconstruction expertise as well as technical support from its contractor, Oak Ridge Associated 

Universities (ORAU). Once completed, NIOSH provides the report to both the petitioners and the 

Advisory Board on Radiation and Worker Health. The Board will consider the NIOSH evaluation 

report, together with the petition, comments of the petitioner(s) and such other information as the 

Board considers appropriate, to make recommendations to the Secretary of HHS on whether or not to 

add one or more classes of employees to the SEC. Once NIOSH has received and considered the 

1

 NIOSH dose reconstructions under EEOICPA are performed using the methods promulgated under 42 C.F.R. pt. 82 and 

the detailed implementation guidelines available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas. 

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advice of the Board, the Director of NIOSH will propose a decision on behalf of HHS. The Secretary 

of HHS will make the final decision, taking into account the NIOSH evaluation, the advice of the 

Board, and the proposed decision issued by NIOSH. As part of this final decision process, the 

petitioner(s) may seek a review of certain types of final decisions issued by the Secretary of HHS.2 

3.0 NIOSH-Proposed Class Definition and Petition Basis 

The NIOSH-proposed class includes all AWE employees who worked at Vitro Manufacturing in 

Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, from August 13, 1942 through December 31, 1957, for a number of work 

days aggregating at least 250 work days, occurring either solely under this employment or in 

combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more other classes of 

employees in the Special Exposure Cohort. During this period, employees at this facility were 

involved in processing of uranium ores and uranium concentrates to produce a feed concentrate in the 

form of U3O8. Beginning in 1947, Vitro Manufacturing began processing scrap and uranium-bearing 

residues from other AEC contractor sites to extract uranium. Removal of waste residues from the 

Vitro site began in 1956, and the last AEC contract with Vitro for Atomic Weapons Employer 

operations was terminated in 1957. 

The evaluation responds to Petition SEC-00134 which was submitted by an EEOICPA claimant 

whose dose reconstruction could not be completed by NIOSH due to a lack of sufficient dosimetryrelated information. This claimant was employed as a Chemist from 1952 through 1956. NIOSH’s 

determination that it is unable to complete a dose reconstruction for an EEOICPA claimant is a 

qualified basis for submitting an SEC petition pursuant to 42 C.F.R. § 83.9(b). 

4.0 Radiological Operations Relevant to the Proposed Class 

The following subsections summarize the radiological operations at Vitro Manufacturing from August 

13, 1942 through December 31, 1957 and the information available to NIOSH to characterize 

particular processes and radioactive source materials. Using available sources, NIOSH has attempted 

to gather process and source descriptions, information regarding the identity and quantities of 

radionuclides of concern, and information describing processes through which the radiation exposures 

of concern may have occurred and the physical environment in which they may have occurred. The 

information included within this evaluation report is meant only to be a summary of the available 

information. 

4.1 Operations Description 

Vitro Manufacturing was located on an l8-acre site on Strabane Avenue in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. 

From 1930 to 1942, the company extracted radium and uranium salts from carnotite ore and residues 

for commercial purposes (OROO, 1978; ORNL, 1978). Site buildings were contaminated before AEC 

operations started (Snapp, 1951, pdf p. 53). Beginning in 1942, Vitro Manufacturing began 

processing African uranium ores and uranium concentrates for the Manhattan Engineer District 

2 See 42 C.F.R. pt. 83 for a full description of the procedures summarized here. Additional internal procedures are 

available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas. 

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(MED), the predecessor agency of the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), to produce a feed 

concentrate in the form of U3O8 (Whitman, 1978). Slimes (45% U3O8) resulting from refining of 

Canadian ores by the Vanadium Corporation were further processed at Vitro (Whitman, 1978). Vitro 

also further processed high-grade domestic carnotite (potassium uranium vanadate mineral) ores 

received from other MED sites to sodium salts (Whitman, 1978; Strod, Dec1949). 

Starting in 1947, under AEC contract, Vitro Manufacturing processed scrap and uranium-bearing 

residues from other AEC contractor sites to extract uranium (Strod, Jan1949, pdf p. 30). Vitro 

received uranium materials from Department of Energy (DOE) sites including, but not limited to, 

Hanford, Mallinckrodt, MIT, Middlesex, Tyson Valley Powder Farm, Y-12, and ORNL. Uranium 

processing, except for small-scale activities, was terminated in 1955. Removal of waste residues from 

the Vitro site began in 1956; the last AEC contract with Vitro for Atomic Weapons Employer (AWE) 

operations was terminated in 1957. The period of such AWE operations at Vitro Manufacturing is 

assumed to begin on August 13, 1942, when the MED came into existence, and is assumed to end on 

December 31, 1957. 

4.2 Radiation Exposure Potential from Operations 

The potential for external radiation dose existed at Vitro Manufacturing. Domestic ore concentrates 

contained mainly U-234, U-235, and U-238 with their short-lived progeny that had grown in after the 

extraction process. The primary radiological hazard from the domestic ore was alpha and beta 

emissions. African ores processed at the Canonsburg site were not pre-processed and contained 

significant radium concentrations. Radium and its progeny would produce significant gamma 

radiation and elevated levels of radon. Several tasks would have provided potential for internal 

radiological exposures. Among such tasks were the opening and unloading of railcars containing ore, 

storage of the African ore, and the sampling and material handling of the African ore. Elevated air 

concentrations of radium dust were also likely during the initial processing of dry ore. The highest 

external radiological exposures would have occurred from the gamma rays emitted by radium and 

radium progeny. 

Sources of internal exposure included potential intakes of uranium and uranium decay chain 

radionuclides. External (photon and electron) doses from those radionuclides existed at all locations 

where radioactive materials were handled or stored. A HASL survey conducted in October 1949 

showed 49 workers to be substantially overexposed with several approaching 100 MACs. Snapp 

shows that the degree of airborne exposure by job title; even clerks were exposed (Snapp, 1951, pdf p. 

57). 

Operations involved processing these ores to separate and concentrate the uranium into primarily 

U3O8 oxide. These processing activities involved uranium and decay chain radionuclides being 

chemically separated from each other and re-concentrated so that they were frequently not in 

equilibrium; the degree of disequilibrium is not identifiable from site records. 

It is apparent that Vitro Manufacturing worked with natural uranium and uranium decay chain 

radionuclides throughout the entire AWE operations period. However, without additional 

documentation, NIOSH can make no assumptions about the relative amounts of these materials that 

would have been encountered at the site during the period from August 13, 1942 through December 

31, 1957. 

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4.3 Time Period Associated with Radiological Operations 

Per the DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security, the time period associated with AWE operations at 

Vitro Manufacturing is from 1942 through 1957 (DOE, 2008). NIOSH has discovered no additional 

data to support more specific dates for the start and stop of AWE operations. Therefore, AWE work 

at Vitro is assumed to have started with the creation of the Manhattan Engineer District on August 13, 

1942, and to have continued through December 31, 1957. 

4.4 Site Locations Associated with Radiological Operations 

While some buildings are specifically noted for the use of radiological materials, available 

documentation does not indicate any definite boundaries between radiological and non-radiological 

areas. Given the lack of information needed to completely describe the diverse source term and 

operational processes, NIOSH must assume that the potential for exposure to radioactive materials 

existed in all Vitro Manufacturing buildings and areas. 

4.5 Job Descriptions Affected by Radiological Operations 

NIOSH has found only limited documentation associating job titles and/or job assignments with 

specific radiological operations or conditions. AEC documentation supports the conclusion that all 

occupations were exposed to airborne contamination in 1949 (Snapp, 1951; Morgan, 1950). Without 

more thorough information, NIOSH is unable to define potential radiation exposure conditions based 

on worker job descriptions. 

5.0 Summary of Available Monitoring Data for the Proposed Class 

The primary data used for determining internal exposures are derived from personal monitoring data, 

such as urinalyses, fecal samples, and whole-body counting results. If these are unavailable, the air 

monitoring data from breathing zone and general area monitoring are used to estimate the potential 

internal exposure. If personal monitoring and breathing zone area monitoring are unavailable, internal 

exposures can sometimes be estimated using more general area monitoring, process information, and 

information characterizing and quantifying the source term. 

This same hierarchy is used for determining the external exposures to the cancer site. Personal 

monitoring data from film badges or thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) are the primary data used 

to determine such external exposures. If there are no personal monitoring data, exposure rate surveys, 

process knowledge, and source term modeling can sometimes be used to reconstruct the potential 

exposure. 

A more detailed discussion of the information required for dose reconstruction can be found in 

OCAS-IG-001, External Dose Reconstruction Implementation Guideline, and OCAS-IG-002, Internal 

Dose Reconstruction Implementation Guideline. These documents are available at: 

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas/ocasdose.html. 

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5.1 Data Capture Efforts and Sources Reviewed 

In addition to examining its Site Research Database (SRDB) to locate documents supporting the 

evaluation of the proposed class, NIOSH identified and reviewed data sources to locate information 

relevant to determining the feasibility of dose reconstruction for the class of employees proposed for 

this petition. This included determining the availability of information on personnel monitoring, 

workplace monitoring, and radiological source term data. 

NIOSH data capture efforts for Vitro Manufacturing focused on successor companies, the Nuclear 

Regulatory Commission (including the ADAMS electronic records repository), the DOE (including 

OpenNet repository; and Office of Scientific and Technical Information [OSTI]), the State of 

Pennsylvania, and the National Archives record centers. Attachment 1 contains a summary of Vitro 

Manufacturing documents. The summary identifies specific data capture details for each document 

retrieved. 

Bioassay and film badge data were found in the records for monitored individuals, as described in 

more detail below. Records of airborne dust monitoring and surface contamination also exist for 

various periods during the AWE operational period. Surface contamination results could not be 

correlated to worker intakes from the available data. Air samples were primarily analyzed for total 

alpha activity, which was assumed to be uranium, with results typically reported in units of 

disintegrations per minute per cubic meter of air. Records of air sampling during the operational 

period have only been found for the years 1949 through 1953. Many air sampling records could not 

be correlated to exact locations or time periods due to incomplete descriptions in the records or 

illegibility. 

5.2 Worker Interviews 

NIOSH has reviewed the computer-assisted telephone interviews conducted for claims filed with 

NIOSH for energy employees who worked at the Vitro Manufacturing during the period from 1942 

through 1957. These interviews provided no information to change NIOSH’s feasibility 

determination. 

NIOSH determined that additional worker interviews would not affect the feasibility determination 

nor would it potentially allow NIOSH to limit the locations defined in the class definition. NIOSH 

made this determination because worker interviews would not provide the specific data necessary to 

determine the degree of disequilibrium between uranium and uranium progeny for the various site 

locations. In order to make this determination, NIOSH needs specific monitoring data. Therefore, no 

additional interviews were pursued. 

5.3 Internal Personnel Monitoring Data 

NIOSH has obtained bioassay urinalysis results for the period between 1950 and 1954 (AEC, 

Mar1950; AEC, 1949-1958; AEC, 1950-1954; ACE, Jun1950; AEC, 1950-1951). These samples 

were analyzed for uranium by fluorimetry, which yielded the total amount of uranium (by mass) in 

urine. Some records could not be correlated to individuals or specific time periods due to illegibility. 

Limited bioassay sample results for radon in breath were located for a small number of individuals for 

1944 (Howland, 1944; NIOSH, 2002, pdf p. 9) and 1950 (AEC, 1949-1958; AEC, Jun1950). There 

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was no detailed information that would allow these results to be correlated to radium intakes, and 

according to the record, those results were deemed questionable at the time of collection. 

5.4 External Personnel Monitoring Data 

NIOSH has obtained external dosimeter results for monitored individuals beginning December 1943 

(National Lead, 1954-1955; Tybout, 1944; Hayes, 1945-1947; Various Results, 1948-1951; Summary, 

1954; Vitro, 1953a; Vitro, 1954a; Vitro, 1954b; NYDO, 1950a; NYDO, 1951; NYDO, 1952a; 

NYDO, 1953; NYDO, 1954; MED, 1946; Mears, 1945; NYDO, 1950b; MED, 1945; NYDO, 1948; 

NYDO, 1952b; Fernald, 1955; MED, 1944; Ferry, 1955). External dose records appear 

comprehensive through March 9, 1954, at which time the record indicated that the contract was ended. 

It is assumed that the cessation of monitoring was in response to reduced operational activities after 

that time. Records are generally legible and appeared to include gamma and beta doses for all 

monitored individuals. 

5.5 Workplace Monitoring Data 

NIOSH has obtained air monitoring results (daily weighted area and breathing zone air sampling) for 

monitoring conducted at approximately semiannual intervals for 1949 through 1953 (MED, 1952c, 

pdf pp. 6-13; NYDO, 1952d; AEC, 1949-1958; Klevin, 1949a; Klevin, 1951a; Klevin, 1952a; Klevin, 

1952b; Klevin, 1953; IHB, 1953; Vitro, 1951; Klevin, 1949b; Vitro, unknown date; Vitro, 1953b; 

Klevin, 1951b, pdf pp. 1 and 5; ORNL, 1978). 

NIOSH has obtained radiation survey data for some Vitro processes measured in 1950 (Piccot, 1950; 

Klevein, 1951b, pdf pp. 2-5) and 1953 (Peterson, 1953; Vitro, 1953c). NIOSH has obtained 

radiological survey data of equipment measured in 1954 and 1955 during and after decontamination 

(Klevin, 1955, pdf pp. 1-5 and 13-24). A 1966 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania radiological survey 

revealed that two of the Vitro Manufacturing buildings were contaminated with uranium progeny 

above limits for release to the general public (Hammer, 1966). 

5.6 Radiological Source Term Data 

NIOSH has obtained information detailing some of materials maintained on site though the list is not 

considered complete by NIOSH (Snapp, 1951, pdf p. 42; Strod, Jan1949, pdf pp. 20-26; Strod, 1950; 

Strod, 1949; Fleck, 1949; Voucher, 1943). Available information includes annual inventories 

compiled by the AEC for their annual reports. Available records indicate a wide variety of material 

forms, including uranium and pitchblende ores, uranium concentrates and oxides, and uranium scrap 

materials obtained from other sites. However, NIOSH has not identified sufficient documentation to 

define and quantify the total source term. Available documentation indicates that Vitro 

Manufacturing worked with natural uranium and uranium decay chain radionuclides throughout the 

entire AWE operations period. However, without additional documentation, NIOSH can make no 

assumptions about the relative amounts of these materials that would have been encountered at the site 

during the period from August 13, 1942 through December 31, 1957. 

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6.0 Feasibility of Dose Reconstruction for the Proposed Class 

42 C.F.R. § 83.14(b) states that HHS will consider a NIOSH determination that there was insufficient 

information to complete a dose reconstruction, as indicated in this present case, to be sufficient, 

without further consideration, to conclude that it is not feasible to estimate the levels of radiation 

doses of individual members of the class with sufficient accuracy. 

In the case of a petition submitted to NIOSH under 42 C.F.R. § 83.9(b), NIOSH has already 

determined that a dose reconstruction cannot be completed for an employee at the DOE or AWE 

facility. This determination by NIOSH provides the basis for the petition by the affected claimant. 

Per § 83.14(a), the NIOSH-proposed class defines those employees who, based on completed 

research, are similarly affected and for whom, as a class, dose reconstruction is similarly not feasible. 

In accordance with § 83.14(a), NIOSH may establish a second class of co-workers at the facility for 

whom NIOSH believes that dose reconstruction is similarly infeasible, but for whom additional 

research and analysis is required. If so identified, NIOSH would address this second class in a 

separate SEC evaluation rather than delay consideration of the claim currently under evaluation (see 

Section 10). This would allow NIOSH, the Board, and HHS to complete, without delay, their 

consideration of the class that includes a claimant for whom NIOSH has already determined a dose 

reconstruction cannot be completed, and whose only possible remedy under EEOICPA is the addition 

of a class of employees to the SEC. 

This section of the report summarizes research findings by which NIOSH determined that it lacked 

sufficient information to complete the relevant dose reconstruction and on which basis it has defined 

the class of employees for which dose reconstruction is not feasible. NIOSH’s determination relies on 

the same statutory and regulatory criteria that govern consideration of all SEC petitions. 

6.1 Feasibility of Estimating Internal Exposures 

NIOSH has evaluated the available personnel and workplace monitoring data and source term 

information and has determined that there are insufficient data for estimating internal exposures, as 

described below. 

NIOSH has obtained bioassay urinalysis results only for the period between 1950 and 1954. Due to 

process separation of uranium and uranium progeny radionuclides throughout the AWE operations 

period, the available uranium urinalysis results cannot be used to quantify intakes of non-uranium 

radionuclides. The degree of disequilibrium, and therefore the potential for unmonitored intakes, 

cannot be determined with the documentation available to NIOSH. 

While NIOSH has obtained area air sampling results for the period from 1949 through 1953, these 

results are inadequate to bound internal intakes from uranium progeny. These samples were analyzed 

for gross alpha activity only. The data are highly variable and there is insufficient information 

available to allow NIOSH to apply the general area air concentrations to specific individual breathing 

zones. Additionally, no useable information exists to assess air concentrations during the earlier 

period of operations (1942-1948) when emission controls had not been implemented and releases 

were likely higher than during the monitored interval. 

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NIOSH has not identified sufficient documentation to define and quantify the total source term for 

Vitro Manufacturing during the AWE operations period. Available documentation indicates that 

Vitro worked with natural uranium and uranium decay chain radionuclides throughout the entire AWE 

operations period. Without additional documentation, NIOSH can make no assumptions about the 

relative amounts of these materials that would have been encountered at the site during the period 

from August 13, 1942 through December 31, 1957. There is therefore insufficient source term 

information available to NIOSH to bound internal exposures to non-uranium radionuclides in 

disequilibrium with uranium for the period from August 13, 1942 through December 31, 1957. 

NIOSH does not have access to sufficient personnel monitoring, workplace monitoring, or source 

term data to estimate potential internal exposures to non-uranium radionuclides in disequilibrium with 

uranium during the period of AWE operations from August 13, 1942, through December 31, 1957. 

Consequently, NIOSH finds that it is not feasible to estimate, with sufficient accuracy, total internal 

exposures and resulting doses for the class of employees covered by this evaluation. 

Although NIOSH found that it is not possible to completely reconstruct internal radiation doses for the 

period from August 13, 1942 through December 31, 1957, NIOSH intends to use any available 

internal monitoring data that may become available for an individual claim (and that can be 

interpreted using existing NIOSH dose reconstruction processes or procedures). Dose reconstructions 

for individuals employed at Vitro Manufacturing during the period from August 13, 1942 through 

December 31, 1957, but who do not qualify for inclusion in the SEC, may be performed using these 

data as appropriate. 

6.2 Feasibility of Estimating External Exposures 

This evaluation responds to a petition based on NIOSH determining that internal radiation exposures 

to non-uranium radionuclides in disequilibrium with uranium could not be reconstructed for a dose 

reconstruction referred to NIOSH by the Department of Labor (DOL). As noted above, HHS will 

consider this determination to be sufficient without further consideration to determine that it is not 

feasible to estimate the levels of radiation doses of individual members of the class with sufficient 

accuracy. Consequently, it is not necessary for NIOSH to fully evaluate the feasibility of 

reconstructing external radiation exposures for the class of workers covered by this report. 

NIOSH has obtained external dosimeter results for monitored individuals from December 1943 

through March 1954. NIOSH has determined that reconstruction of the external dose for monitored 

workers is feasible. However, NIOSH has not made a determination at this time whether 

reconstruction of the external dose for unmonitored workers is feasible. This lack of determination 

has no effect on individuals who are in the SEC class, but a determination will have to be made in 

order to complete dose reconstructions for individuals who have non-presumptive cancers or who do 

not meet other criteria of the SEC class. Adequate reconstruction of medical dose for Vitro 

Manufacturing workers is likely to be feasible by using claimant-favorable assumptions in the 

complex-wide Technical Information Bulletin, Dose Reconstruction from Occupationally Related 

Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures (ORAUT-OTIB-0006). 

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SEC-00134 12-09-08 FINAL Vitro Mfg. (Canonsburg) 

Although NIOSH found that it may not be possible to completely reconstruct external radiation doses 

for all workers for the period from August 13, 1942 through December 31, 1957, NIOSH intends to 

use any available external monitoring data that may become available for an individual claim (and that 

can be interpreted using existing NIOSH dose reconstruction processes or procedures). Dose 

reconstructions for individuals employed at Vitro Manufacturing during the period from August 13, 

1942 through December 31, 1957, but who do not qualify for inclusion in the SEC, may be performed 

using these data as appropriate. 

6.3 Class Parameters Associated with Infeasibility 

This report evaluates the feasibility for completing dose reconstructions for employees at Vitro 

Manufacturing from August 13, 1942 through December 31, 1957. NIOSH found that the available 

monitoring records, process descriptions, and source term data available are not sufficient to complete 

dose reconstructions for the proposed class of employees. NIOSH therefore recommends that the 

proposed class include the entire AWE-covered period of August 13, 1942 through December 31, 

1957. 

As discussed in Section 4.4, NIOSH has no documentation to demonstrate that radioactive materials 

were restricted to specific areas or that contamination was adequately controlled. NIOSH therefore 

assumes that the potential for exposure to radioactive materials existed in all Vitro Manufacturing 

buildings and areas. NIOSH recommends that the proposed class definition include all Vitro 

Manufacturing buildings and areas during the specified time period. 

NIOSH has found insufficient documentation associating job titles and/or job assignments with 

specific radiological operations or conditions. Without such information, NIOSH is unable to define 

the proposed SEC class based on worker job descriptions. NIOSH therefore recommends that the 

proposed class definition include all AWE period employees who worked at Vitro Manufacturing 

during the specified time period. 

7.0 Summary of Feasibility Findings for Petition SEC-00134 

This report evaluates the feasibility for completing dose reconstructions for employees at Vitro 

Manufacturing from August 13, 1942 through December 31, 1957. NIOSH determined that members 

of this class may have received radiation exposures from of non-uranium radionuclides in 

disequilibrium with uranium. NIOSH lacks sufficient information, which includes specific biological 

monitoring data, sufficient air monitoring information, or sufficient process and radiological source 

information that would allow it to estimate the potential internal exposure to which the proposed class 

may have been exposed. Reconstruction of external dose for individuals for whom personal 

monitoring records are not available is also not feasible. NIOSH considers the adequate 

reconstruction of medical dose for Vitro Manufacturing workers to be likely feasible. 

NIOSH has documented herein that it cannot complete the dose reconstruction related to this petition. 

The basis of this finding demonstrates that NIOSH does not have access to sufficient information to 

estimate either the maximum radiation dose incurred by any member of the class or to estimate such 

radiation doses more precisely than a maximum dose estimate. 

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SEC-00134 12-09-08 FINAL Vitro Mfg. (Canonsburg) 

Although NIOSH found that it is not possible to completely reconstruct radiation doses for the 

proposed class, NIOSH intends to use any available internal and external monitoring data that may 

become available for an individual claim (and that can be interpreted using existing NIOSH dose 

reconstruction processes or procedures). Therefore, dose reconstructions for individuals employed at 

Vitro Manufacturing during the period from August 13, 1942 through December 31, 1957, but who 

not qualifying for inclusion in the SEC, may be performed using these data as appropriate. 

8.0 Evaluation of Health Endangerment for Petition SEC-00134 

The health endangerment determination for the class of employees covered by this evaluation report is 

governed by EEOICPA and 42 C.F.R. § 83.14(b) and § 83.13(c)(3). Pursuant to these requirements, if 

it is not feasible to estimate with sufficient accuracy radiation doses for members of the class, NIOSH 

must determine that there is a reasonable likelihood that such radiation doses may have endangered 

the health of members of the class. The regulations require NIOSH to assume that any duration of 

unprotected exposure may have endangered the health of members of a class when it has been 

established that the class may have been exposed to radiation during a discrete incident likely to have 

involved levels of exposure similarly high to those occurring during nuclear criticality incidents. If 

the occurrence of such an exceptionally high-level exposure has not been established, then NIOSH is 

required to specify that health was endangered for those workers who were employed for a number of 

work days aggregating at least 250 work days within the parameters established for the class or in 

combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more other classes of 

employees in the SEC. 

NIOSH has determined that members of the class were not exposed to radiation during a discrete 

incident likely to have involved levels of exposure similarly high to those occurring during nuclear 

criticality incidents. However, the evidence reviewed in this evaluation indicates that some workers in 

the class may have accumulated chronic radiation exposures through intakes of uranium and uranium 

progeny and from direct exposure to radioactive materials. Consequently, NIOSH is specifying that 

health was endangered for those workers covered by this evaluation who were employed for a number 

of work days aggregating at least 250 work days within the parameters established for this class or in 

combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more other classes of 

employees in the SEC. 

9.0 NIOSH-Proposed Class for Petition SEC-00134 

The evaluation defines a single class of employees for which NIOSH cannot estimate radiation doses 

with sufficient accuracy. This class includes all AWE employees who worked at Vitro Manufacturing 

in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, from August 13, 1942 through December 31, 1957, for a number of 

work days aggregating at least 250 work days, occurring either solely under this employment, or in 

combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more other classes of 

employees included in the SEC. 

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SEC-00134 12-09-08 FINAL Vitro Mfg. (Canonsburg) 

10.0 Evaluation of Second Similar Class 

In accordance with § 83.14(a), NIOSH may establish a second class of co-workers at the facility, 

similar to the class defined in Section 9.0, for whom NIOSH believes that dose reconstruction may not 

be feasible, and for whom additional research and analyses is required. If a second class is identified, 

it would require additional research and analyses. Such a class would be addressed in a separate SEC 

evaluation rather than delay consideration of the current claim. At this time, NIOSH has not identified 

a second similar class of employees at the Vitro Manufacturing for whom dose reconstruction may not 

be feasible. 

17 of 33 
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SEC-00134 12-09-08 FINAL Vitro Mfg. (Canonsburg) 

11 .0 Re fe re nces 

42 C.F.R. pt. 81, Guidelines for Determining the Probability of Causation Under the Energy 

Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000; Final Rule, Federal 

Register/Vol. 67, No. 85/Thursday, p 22,296; May 2, 2002; SRDB Ref ID: 19391 

42 C.F.R. pt. 82, Methods for Radiation Dose Reconstruction Under the Energy Employees 

Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000; Final Rule; May 2, 2002; SRDB Ref ID: 

19392 

42 C.F.R. pt. 83, Procedures for Designating Classes of Employees as Members of the Special 

Exposure Cohort Under the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 

2000; Final Rule; May 28, 2004; SRDB Ref ID: 22001 

42 U.S.C. §§ 7384-7385 [EEOICPA], Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation 

Program Act of 2000; as amended; OCAS website 

ORAUT-OTIB-0006, Dose Reconstruction from Occupationally Related Diagnostic X-Ray 

Procedures, Rev. 3 PC-1, R. L. Kathern, V. E. Shockley; December 21, 2005; SRDB Ref ID: 20220 

AEC, 1949-1958, Vitro Air, Dust, and Bioassay Data Results; U.S. Atomic Energy Commission 

(AEC); various dates throughout 1949-1958; SRDB Ref ID: 10375 

AEC, 1950-1951, Vitro Urine Sample Results; U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC); various dates 

throughout 1950-1951; SRDB Ref ID: 10454 

AEC, 1950-1954, Vitro Urine Sample Results; U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC); various dates 

throughout 1950-1954; SRDB Ref ID: 10452 

AEC, Mar1950, Vitro Urine Sample Results; U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC); received on 

March 24, 1950 and June 26, 1950; SRDB Ref ID: 10345 

AEC, Jun1950, Vitro Breath Sample Results; U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC); June 29, 1950 

and November 26, 1950; SRDB Ref ID: 10453 

DOE, 2008, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Health, Safety, and Security, Energy Employees 

Occupational Illness Compensation Program; Find facilities List: 

http://www.hss.energy.gov/healthsafety/fwsp/advocacy/faclist/findfacility.cfm 

Fernald, 1955, Vitro Film Badge Results, Atomic Energy Commission Fernald Area Office, Various 

dates from October 1954 through October 1955; SRDB Ref ID: 42179 

Ferry, 1955, Gamma Radiation at Vitro Manufacturing Company, John Ferry, Manhattan Engineer 

District, March 1944; SRDB Ref ID: 46029 

Fleck, 1949, Assay of Uranium By-Product Materials, H. Fleck; July 19, 1949; SRDB Ref ID: 44643 

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Hammer, 1966, Survey of Buildings #14 and #16 Vitro-Canonsburg, PA 1966, D. Hammer; March 21, 

1966; SRDB Ref ID: 16414 

Hayes, 1945-1947, 1945-1947 Vitro Film Badge Results; J. R. Hayes; various dates throughout 1945-

1947; SRDB Ref ID: 7730 

Howland, 1944, Radon Breath Measurement Results, correspondence; Joe W. Howland; October 6, 

1944; SRDB Ref ID: 10461 

IHB, 1953, Vitro Manufacturing Company Occupational Exposure to Airborne Contaminants, 

Industrial Hygiene Branch, Health and Safety Division; October 29, 1953; SRDB Ref ID: 10419 

Klevin, 1949a, Vitro Manufacturing Co. Occupational Exposure to Radioactive Dust September 30 to 

October 1, 1949, P. B. Klevin; November 18, 1949; SRDB Ref ID: 10390 

Klevin, 1949b, Vitro Manufacturing Company Occupational Exposure to Radioactive Dust September 

30 to October 2, 1949, P. B. Klevin; November 16, 1949; SRDB Ref ID: 10428 

Klevin, 1951a, Vitro Manufacturing Co. Occupational Exposure to Radioactive Dust April 3 to 5, 

1951, P. B. Klevin; July 2, 1951; SRDB Ref ID: 10392 

Klevin, 1951b, Air Sampling and HP Info, P. B. Klevin; January 11, 1951; SRDB Ref ID: 11468, pdf 

pp. 1-5 

Klevin, 1952a, Vitro Manufacturing Company Occupational Exposure to Radioactive Dust February 

5-7, 1952, P. B. Klevin; July 1, 1952; SRDB Ref ID: 10395 

Klevin, 1952b, Vitro Manufacturing Co. Occupational Exposure to Radioactive Dust July 15-16, 

1952, P. B. Klevin, M. S. Weinstein, P. Loysen; September 25, 1952; SRDB Ref ID: 10404 

Klevin, 1953, Vitro Manufacturing Co. Occupational Exposure to Radioactive Dust February 3-5 and 

19, 1953, P. B Klevin, M.S. Weinstein; July 6, 1953; SRDB Ref ID: 10405 

Klevin, 1955, Vitro Manufacturing Documents (1953-1955), P. B. Klevin; August 10, 1955; SRDB 

Ref ID: 10336, pdf. pp 1-5 and 13-24 

Mears, 1945, Film Badge Reports and Related Correspondence 1943 - 1947, B. J. Mears; December 

17, 1945; SRDB Ref ID: 10526 

MED, 1944, Vitro Film Badge Results; Manhattan Engineer District, NYDO Radiological Laboratory; 

October 1944; SRDB Ref ID: 46028 

MED, 1945, Vitro Film Badge Results; Manhattan Engineer District, NYDO Radiological Laboratory; 

Various dates through August 1944 and 1945; SRDB Ref ID: 16604 

MED, 1946, Vitro Film Badge Results; Manhattan Engineer District, NYDO Radiological Laboratory; 

Various dates from 1945 through August 1946; SRDB Ref ID: 10522 

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Morgan, 1950, Simonds Scrap for Limited Processing, correspondence; J. P. Morgan; July 25, 1950; 

SRDB Ref ID: 44625, p. 2 

National Lead, 1954-1955, Vitro Personnel Monitoring Results; National Lead Company of Ohio; 

November 12, 1954-December 22,1955; SRDB Ref ID: 3848 

NIOSH, 2002, Progress Report on Residual Radioactive and Beryllium Contamination at Atomic 

Weapons Employer Facilities and Beryllium Vendor Facilities; National Institute for Occupational 

Safety and Health (NIOSH); November 2002; SRDB Ref ID: 14449 

NYDO, 1948, Vitro Film Badge Results; NYDO Radiological Laboratory; Various dates throughout 

1947-1948; SRDB Ref ID: 16654 

NYDO, 1950a, 1950 Vitro Film Badge Results; NYDO Radiological Laboratory; Various dates 

throughout 1950; SRDB Ref ID: 10466 

NYDO, 1950b, Vitro Film Badge Results; NYDO Radiological Laboratory; Various dates throughout 

1949-1950; SRDB Ref ID: 10540 

NYDO, 1951, 1951 Vitro Film Badge Results; NYDO Radiological Laboratory; Various dates 

throughout December 28, 1950-1951; SRDB Ref ID: 10467 

NYDO, 1952a, 1952 Vitro Film Badge Results; NYDO Radiological Laboratory; Various dates 

throughout 1952; SRDB Ref ID: 10468 

NYDO, 1952b, Vitro Film Badge Results; NYDO Radiological Laboratory; Various dates throughout 

1952; SRDB Ref ID: 17147 

NYDO, 1952c, Vitro Air Sampling Results, NYDO Radiological Laboratory; February 1952, SRDB 

Ref ID: 10336, pages 6-13 

NYDO, 1952d, Vitro Air Sampling Results, NYDO Radiological Laboratory; various dates from 1949 

through 1952; SRDB Ref ID: 10370 

NYDO, 1953, 1953 Vitro Film Badge Results; NYDO Radiological Laboratory; Various dates 

throughout 1953; SRDB Ref ID: 10469 

NYDO, 1954, 1954 Vitro Film Badge Results; NYDO Radiological Laboratory; Various dates 

throughout 1954; SRDB Ref ID: 10470 

ORNL, 1978, Radiological Survey of the Former Vitro Rare Metals Plant, Canonsburg, 

Pennsylvania, Final Report; Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); January 1978; SRDB Ref ID: 

SRDB Ref ID: 16462 

OROO, 1978, Formerly Utilized MED/AEC Sites Remedial Action Program-Radiological Survey of 

the Former Vitro Rare Metals Plant Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, Interim Report; Oak Ridge 

Operations Office (OROO); April 1978; SRDB Ref ID: 3737 

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Peterson, 1953, Health Physics Reports and Related Documents (1951-1953), W. R. Peterson, A.M. 

Johnson, A. Messina, W. A. Bain, W. B. Harris; February 27, 1953; SRDB Ref ID: 10333 

Piccot, 1950, Radiologic Survey - Vitro Manufacturing Company, A. R. Piccot; January 17, 1950; 

SRDB Ref ID: 11475 

Snapp, 1951, Atomic Energy Commission-The Production of Uranium Feed Materials; Roy B. Snapp; 

May 22, 1951; SRDB Ref ID: 4125 

Strod, 1949, Memorandum on Vitro's Western Uranium Project, A. J. Strod; November 16, 1949; 

SRDB Ref ID: 44632 

Strod, 1950, Letter Regarding Residues in Storage, A. J. Strod; June 12, 1950; SRDB Ref ID: 44628 

Strod, Jan1949, Report on Extraction of Uranium from Slags and Ore; A. J. Strod, H. Fleck, and G. 

Rennich; January 1949; SRDB Ref ID: 10290, pp. 29-46 

Strod, Dec1949, Brief Summary of Vitro Accomplishments, correspondence; A. J. Strod; December 9, 

1949; SRDB Ref ID: 44629 

Summary, 1954, 1954 Vitro Film Badge Report Summary, results have been entered into an Excel 

spreadsheet; SRDB Ref ID: 10284 

Tybout, 1944, 1944 Vitro Film Badge Results, correspondence, Richard A. Tybout and John L. Perry; 

various dates throughout 1944; SRDB Ref ID: 5853 

Various Results, 1948-1951, Miscellaneous Film Badge Results for 1948-1951; various authors and 

forms; various dates throughout 1948-1951; SRDB Ref ID: 10060 

Vitro, 1951, Air Dust Medical Division Forms (1951), Vitro Manufacturing Company; July 24, 1951; 

SRDB Ref ID: 10426 

Vitro, 1953a, Vitro Film Badge Results; Vitro Manufacturing; various dates throughout 1953; SRDB 

Ref ID: 10463 

Vitro, 1953b, Dust Samples - Vitro, Vitro Manufacturing Company; September 14, 1953; SRDB Ref 

ID: 10448 

Vitro, 1953c, Smear Samples, Vitro Manufacturing; September 14, 1953; SRDB Ref ID: 10450 

Vitro, 1954a, Vitro Film Badge Results; Vitro Manufacturing; January 11 and 25, 1954; SRDB Ref 

ID: 10464 

Vitro, 1954b, Vitro Film Badge Results; Vitro Manufacturing; various dates throughout JanuaryFebruary 1954; SRDB Ref ID: 10465 

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Vitro, unknown date, Vitro Manufacturing Company Occupational Exposure to Radioactive Dust, 

Vitro Manufacturing; unknown date; SRDB Ref ID: 10430 

Voucher, 1943, Voucher, Invoice, Purchase Orders and Delivery Report - Vitro 1943; June 19, 1943; 

SRDB Ref ID: 46024 

Whitman, 1978, Decontamination and Decommissioning: Review of Manhattan District History 

(Classified Documents)-MED; Arthur J. Whitman; February 1, 1978; SRDB Ref ID: 9769 

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SEC-00134 12-09-08 FINAL 

Attachment 1: Data Capture Synopses 

Table A1-1: DATA CAPTURE SYNOPSIS FOR VITRO MANUFACTURING 

Data Capture Information Data Captured Description Complete

Primary Site/Company Name: Vitro Manufacturing Other Site Names: Vitro Rare Metals Co. Successor History: GEC merged with British Aerospace to form BAE Systems in 1999 (Contact: Gregory Hayken, Legal Counsel, 301-738-4166) General Electric Company - 1998 Merged with TAS formed Tracor Systems Technologies -1993 Tracor Applied Sciences - 1993 Penn Central Corporation - 1981 Renamed to GK Technologies - 1978 General Cable Corporation - 1978 Automation Industries - 1968 Vitro Manufacturing Company 

BAE Systems, successor company, Legal Counsel confirmed that a search of records and archives had been performed and that no information relating to any Vitro site had been found. No relevant data located. 

02/25/2008 

State Contacted: PA Office Bureau of Radiation Protection (Contact: David Allard, Director PA Dept. of Environmental Protection, 717-787-2480) 

No relevant data identified. 02/22/2008 

Comprehensive Epidemiologic Data Resource (CEDR) 

No relevant data identified. 03/27/2008 

DOE Energy Citations No relevant data identified. 03/28/2008 

DOE Germantown NYOO uranium operations flow chart, monthly field 

report, radiological surveys, air sampling and radon in breath exposure data, biological effects of radioactivity near plant, miscellaneous letters, memos and lists, and an accident report. 

04/20/2004 

DOE Hanford Declassified Document Retrieval System (DDRS) 

Trip report on uranium scrap processing at the Vitro Manufacturing Co., Canonsburg, PA. 

01/03/2008 

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SEC-00134 12-09-08 FINAL 

Table A1-1: DATA CAPTURE SYNOPSIS FOR VITRO MANUFACTURING 

Data Capture Information Data Captured Description Complete

DOE Legacy Management Considered Sites 

Canonsburg disposal fact sheet and Tonawanda area progress report. 

10/04/2007 

DOE Legacy Management - Grand Junction Office 

Health Physics activities and authorization to ship scrap. 

2 

DOE Legacy Management - MoundView (Fernald Holdings, includes Fernald Legal Database) 

Radon monitoring plan and results, film badge correspondence, HP and operating procedures, Th230 air samples, environmental TLD's, and urinalysis results, radiological survey of the former Vitro Rare Metals Plant, NYOO health and safety field activities monthly report, production of uranium feed materials, and an annual report. 

03/14/2008 

DOE Office of Scientific & Technical Information (OSTI) Information Bridge 

Hanford Works monthly report, UMTRA Project water sampling plan, engineering feasibility analysis for in-situ stabilization of residues, and a risk assessment of ground water contamination. 

01/03/2008 

DOE OpenNet Monthly status and progress reports. 01/03/2008 EML/HASL Site visits, annual report, thorium sampling and 

storage, and symposium V on aerosols. 

03/08/2005 

Google Poisoned workers and places: part 2/3, Canonsburg 

history, and analysis of institutional responsibilities for the long-term management of contaminant isolation facilities. 

03/09/2008 

HSS Advocacy Site Site description. 01/16/2008 

Missouri Department of Natural Resources Historical storage of radioactive material, and a final 

environmental impact statement. 

10/03/2008 

NARA - Atlanta Film badge results, radon breath measurements, air 

samples and radon data, gamma radiation at Vitro, Vitro contract AT(30-1)-1241 (1951), and weekly reports. 

02/28/2007 

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SEC-00134 12-09-08 FINAL 

Table A1-1: DATA CAPTURE SYNOPSIS FOR VITRO MANUFACTURING 

Data Capture Information Data Captured Description Complete

NARA - Kansas City Health and Safety Program, radiation surveys, 

waste disposal, solid waste treatment, disposal of uranium bearing residues and radiological survey plan, close out survey, survey of buildings #14 and #16, environmental radiation surveys, radon monitoring data, phase II radiological survey, radiological survey of the former Vitro Rare Metals Plant, and evaluation of radiation exposures. 

04/01/2005 

National Academies Press (NAP) No relevant data identified. 03/09/2008 National Archives No relevant data identified. 01/03/2008 

National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) - Nevada Site Office 

No relevant data identified. 03/14/2008 

NOCTS Claim file CATI extracts with: brief job/process 

description for filter press operator, ore process, Belgium Congo material process, Canadian ore processing description, site date information, list of most hazardous positions, cubic yards of onsite uranium, newspaper clippings and site timeline, DOE radiological survey memo, newspaper clipping with amount of contaminated waste buried onsite, and other claimant documents to support Vitro work post-1957. 

01/17/2008 

NRC Agencywide Document Access and Management (ADAMS) 

Canonsburg ground water concentrations, request for NRC approval to delete institutional controls and radiological release survey plan. 

01/03/2008 

ORAU Team Project spreadsheet and monitoring data. 02/04/2004 

ORO Vault Film badge results and uranium dust exposure 

information, exposure monitoring data, and uranium dust exposure summaries for various plants. 

10/25/2005 

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SEC-00134 12-09-08 FINAL 

Table A1-1: DATA CAPTURE SYNOPSIS FOR VITRO MANUFACTURING 

Data Capture Information Data Captured Description Complete

Unknown Air dust samples, film badge reports, medical 

records, monthly status and progress reports, NYOO Health and Safety Division monthly report of field activities, radiological survey of the former Vitro Rare Metals Plant Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, smears samples, summary of Manhattan Project uranium flow sheet, and urine reports. 

11/04/2003 

US Army Corps of Engineers, Missouri North County uranium residues historical synopsis, 

St. Louis, MO. 

03/18/2008 

Washington State University (United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries) 

No relevant data identified. 03/27/2008 

TOTAL 

Table A1-2: DATABASE SEARCHES FOR VITRO MANUFACTURING 

Database/Source Keywords Hits 

Legacy Management Considered Sites http://csd.lm.doe.gov/ COMPLETED 10/04/2007 

N/A 2 

DOE OSTI Information Bridge http://www.osti.gov/bridge/advancedsear ch.jsp COMPLETED 01/03/2008 

Vitro Manufacturing 20 Vitro Rare Metals 

DOE OpenNet http://www.osti.gov/opennet/advancedse arch.jsp COMPLETED 01/03/2008 

Vitro Manufacturing 8 Vitro Rare Metals 

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SEC-00134 12-09-08 FINAL 

Table A1-2: DATABASE SEARCHES FOR VITRO MANUFACTURING 

Database/Source Keywords Hits 

NRC ADAMS Reading Room http://www.nrc.gov/readingrm/adams/web-based.html COMPLETED 01/03/2008 

Vitro Manufacturing 12 Vitro Rare Metals

 Vitro, Canonsburg DOE Hanford DDRS http://www2.hanford.gov/declass/ COMPLETED 01/03/2008 

Vitro Manufacturing 1 

National Archives http://search.archives.gov/query.html COMPLETE 01/03/2008 

Vitro Manufacturing 0 

Vitro Rare Metals 

National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu/ COMPLETED 03/09/2008 

Vitro Manufacturing - NTS 14 Vitro Manufacturing - NAP 

Google http://www.google.com COMPLETED 03/09/2008 

ionium, OR Th230, OR Th-230, OR "Th 230" Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg 

895 

thorium, OR Th232, OR Th-232, OR "Th 232" Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg uranium, OR U233, OR U-233, OR "U 233", OR U234, OR "U 234", OR U-234 Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg U235, OR "U 235", OR U-235, OR U238, OR "U 238", OR U-238 Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg U308, OR "U 308", OR U-308, OR 308-U, OR 308U, OR "308 U", OR "uranium extraction", OR "black oxide", OR "brown oxide" Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg 

29 of 33 
SEC-00134 12-09-08 FINAL 

Table A1-2: DATABASE SEARCHES FOR VITRO MANUFACTURING 

Database/Source Keywords Hits 

green salt, OR "orange oxide", OR "yellow cake", OR UO2, OR UO3, OR UF4, OR UF6 OR U3O8 Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg radium, OR Ra-226, OR Ra226, OR "Ra 226", OR Ra-228, OR Ra228, OR "Ra 228" Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg radon, OR Rn-222, OR Rn222, OR "Rn 222", OR 222Rn Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg thoron, OR Rn-220, OR Rn220, OR "Rn 220", OR 220Rn Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg oralloy, OR postum, OR tuballoy, OR "uranyl nitrate hexahydrate" OR "sump cake" Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg uranium dioxide, OR "uranium tetrafluoride", OR "uranium trioxide" Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg uranium hexafluoride, OR accident, OR "air count" Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg air dust, OR "air filter", OR "airborne test" Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg alpha, OR "belgian congo ore", OR bioassay, OR bio-assay Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg breath, OR "breathing zone", OR BZ, OR calibration, OR columnation Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg contamination, OR curie, OR derby, OR dose OR dosimeter Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg dosimetric, OR dosimetry, OR electron, OR environment Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg exposure, OR "exposure investigation", OR "radiation exposure" OR "feed material", Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program, OR FUSRAP, OR gamma-ray, OR "gas proportional" Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg 

30 of 33 
SEC-00134 12-09-08 FINAL 

Table A1-2: DATABASE SEARCHES FOR VITRO MANUFACTURING 

Database/Source Keywords Hits 

health, OR "health instrument", OR "health physics", OR "H.I.", OR HI, OR HP, OR "highly enriched uranium", OR HEU Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg hydrofluorination, OR "in vitro", OR "in vivo", OR incident, OR ingestion, OR inhalation, OR internal Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg investigation, OR isotope, OR isotopic, OR "isotopic enrichment", OR Landauer, OR "liquid scintillation" Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg log, "log sheet", "log book", "low enriched uranium", LEU Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg maximum permissible concentration, OR MPC, OR metallurgy, OR microcurie, OR millicurie Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg monitor, OR "air monitoring", OR nanocurie, OR "nasal wipe", OR neutron, OR "nose wipe" Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg nuclear, OR Chicago-Nuclear, OR "nuclear fuels", OR "nuclear track emulsion", OR "type A" Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg "occupational radiation exposure", OR occurrence, OR "ore concentrate" Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg permit, OR "radiation work permit", OR "safe work permit", OR "special work permit", OR RWP, OR SWP Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg picocurie, OR pitchblende, OR "pocket ion chamber" Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg radiation, OR radioactive, OR radioactivity, OR radiological Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg Radiological Survey Data Sheet, OR RSDS, OR radionuclide, OR raffinate, OR reactor Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg 

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SEC-00134 12-09-08 FINAL 

Table A1-2: DATABASE SEARCHES FOR VITRO MANUFACTURING 

Database/Source Keywords Hits 

respiratory, OR "retention schedules", OR roentgen Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg sample, OR "air sample", OR "dust sample", OR 

"general area air sample" Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg survey, OR "building survey", OR "routine survey", OR "special survey", OR "technical basis" Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg "thermoluminescent dosimeter", OR TLD, OR "Tiger Team" Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg tolerance dose, OR urinalysis, OR urine, OR "whole body count", OR WBC, OR "working level", OR WL, OR X-ray, OR "X ray", OR Xray Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg "Vitro Rare Metals" Canonsburg Vitro Manufacturing, Canonsburg 

NNSA - Nevada Site Office www.nv.doe.gov/main/search.htm COMPLETED 03/14/2008 

Vitro Manufacturing 0 

Vitro Rare Metals 

CEDR http://cedr.lbl.gov/ COMPLETED 03/27/2008 

Vitro 0 

U.S. Transuranium & Uranium Registries http://www.ustur.wsu.edu/ COMPLETED 03/27/2008 

"Vitro Manufacturing" 0 

"Vitro Rare Metals" 

 Vitro Manufacturing DOE Energy Citations http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/ COMPLETED 03/28/2008 

Vitro Manufacturing 26 

Vitro Rare Metals 

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SEC-00134 12-09-08 FINAL 

Table A1-3: OSTI DOCUMENTS ORDERED FO VITRO MANUFACTURING 

DOCUMENT NUMBER DOCUMENT TITLE REQUESTED 

DATE 

OSTI ID: 4282427 Report Number(s): TID-5342;M-5482 

Scrap Recovery At Vitro Manufacturing Company Canonsburg, Pennsylvania 

03/28/2008 

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