FILED U.S. COURT OF AP P EALS E LEVEN T HC IRC U IT OCTOB ER 12, 2006 THOMAS K. KAH

N CLERK [ DO NO T P UB L I S H] I N THE UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS F O R T H E E L E V E N T H C IR C U IT

________________________ N o. 05- 12324 N on -A rgum entC al endar

________________________ D . C . D ocketN o. 03 -001 31 -C V -W C O -2 T I N S L E Y M E D I A , L L C , P la in tif f - A p p e lla n t, v ersu s P I C K E N S C O U N T Y , G A , D e f e n d a n t- A p p e lle e .

________________________ A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f o rth e N o r th e rn D is tr ic t o f G e o r g ia

_________________________ ( O c t ob e r 12, 2006) B efo re A N D E R S O N , B IR C H an d P R Y O R , C i rcu i tJu d g es. P E R C U R I A M:2

T i nsl eyM edi a, L L C , appeal s the order of the di stri ctcourtthati n p art di sm i ss ed and i n p artgrant ed sum m ary j ud gm entagai nstthe cl ai m s of T i nsl ey M edi a, w hi ch chal l enged the si gn ordi nance of P i ckens C ou nty, G eorgi a, enac t ed in 1 9 9 9 . I n M a r c h 2 0 0 6 , w h ile th is ap p e a l w a s p e n d in g , th e C o u n ty r e p e a le d its 1999 O r di na nc e a nd e na c t e d ane w s i gn or di na nc e tha tl a r ge l y a ddr e s s e d the c o m p l a i n t s o f

T i n s l e y Me d i a . Af

t e rth e p a r t i e s f

i l e d th e i ri n i t i a l b r i e f

s , we re qu es t ed supp l em ent al bri ef s thataddres se d the i nt erveni ng deci si on of ou r C ou rt i n T anner A dv ert i si ng G roup , L . L . C . v. F ay ett e C ou nty, 45 1 F . 3d 77 7 (11 th C i r. 2006) ( e n ba nc ) , a nd C A M P L e ga l D e f e ns e F und, I nc . v. C i ty of A t l a nt a , 451 F . 3d 12 57 (11th C i r. 20 06 ). T i ns l e y M e di aa r gue s tha t( 1) i tha s s t a ndi ng t o c ha l l e nge the pr ohi bi t i on on bi l l boa r ds , the e xc e pt i ons t o the pe rm i tt i ng r e qui r e m e nt s , a nd the a l l e ge d l a c k of p r o c e d u r a l s a f

e g u a r d s o f

th e 1 9 9 9 O r d in a n c e ; ( 2 ) its c la im s a r e n o t m o o t b e c au s e it pres erved i t s r equestfor dam ages ; and (3) the di stri ctcourterroneou sl y grant ed sum m ary j ud gm entagai nstthese cl ai m s. W e c on cl ud e thatT i nsl eyM edi a has s t a ndi ng t o c ha l l e nge the pr ohi bi t i on on bi l l boa r ds , the c l a i m i s notr e nde r e d m oot by the 20 06 O rdi nance, and the di stri ctcourterroneou sl y grant ed sum m ary j u d g me n ta g a i n s tth e c h a l l e n g e s o f Ti n s l e y M e d i at o th i s p r o v i s i o n u n d e rth e U . S. a n d G e o r g iaC o n s titu tio n s . W e a ls o c o n c lu d e th a t T in s le y M e d iala c k s s ta n d in g to3

c ha l l e nge the e xc e pt i ons t o the pe rm i tt i ng r e qui r e m e nt . W e c onc l ude tha tthe c ha l l e nge of

T i ns l e y M e di at o the l a c k of pr oc e dur a l s a f

e gua r ds unde rthe 1999 O r d in a n c e is r e n d e r e d m o o t b y th e a d o p tio n o f th e 2 0 0 6 O r d in a n c e . W e a f f irm in p a rt a n d r e v e r s e a n d r e m a n d in p a r t. I . B AC KG RO UN D T i ns l e y M e di ai s aG e or gi ac orpor a t i on i n the bus i ne s s of buy i ng a nd l e a s i ng spac e t o p ostbi l l bo ar ds thatdi spl aybo th com m er ci al and n on com m er ci al m e s s a ge s . I n 1999, P i c ke ns C ounty e na c t e d a n or di na nc e t o r e gul a t e the pos t i ng of s i gns . S e e P i c ke ns C ounty , G a . , C ode §§ 4- 31 t o 4- 49 ( 1999) [ he r e i na f t e r“ 1999 O r d in a n c e ” ]. T h e 1 9 9 9 O r d in a n c e p r o h ib ite d b illb o a r d s e n tir e ly . I d . § 4 - 3 2 ( 4 ) . T he 19 99 O rdi nance defi ned a bi l l bo ar d as “ an advert i si ng si gn or a s i gn w hi ch a dve rt i s e s ac om m odi ty , pr oduc t , s e rvi c e , a c t i vi ty orothe rpe r s on, pl a c e orthi ng, w h ic h is n o t lo c a te d , f

o u n d o rs o ld o n th e p r e m is e s u p o n w h ic h th e s ig n is l oc a t e d[ . ] ” I d. § 4- 31. T he 1999 O r di na nc e r e qui r e d ape rm i tf ors i gns , i d. § 4- 49, a nd the o r d in an c e im p o s e d av a r ie ty o f s iz e , lig h tin g , a n d m a in te n a n c e r e s tr ic tio n s o n a ll s i gns . S e e i d. §§ 4- 33 t o 4- 46. T he 1999 O r di na nc e e xe m pt e d c e r t a i n s i gns f r om the pe rm i tr e qui r e m e nta nd r e s tr i c t i ons . I d. § 4- 47. S e c t i on 4- 47 of the 1999 O rdi nance exemp t ed for- sa l e s i gn s, i d. § 4 -47(1); offi ci al no t i ce s, i d. § 4 -47(2);4

di re ct i on al si gn s, i d. § 4 -47(3); transpo rt at i on -r el at ed sa fe ty not i ce s, i d. § 4 -47(4); hi s t or i c a l m a rke r s , i d. § 4- 47( 5) ; s i gns w a rni ng a ga i ns thunt i ng, f i s hi ng, or tre spas si ng , i d. § 4 -47(6); R ed C ross em er gency s i gn s, i d. § 4 -47(7); hi gh w ay m a rke r s , i d. § 4- 47( 8) ; bus i ne s s na m e pl a t e s , i d. § 4- 47( 9) ; s i gns a nnounc i ng g a r a g e a n d c a rp o rt s a le s , id . § 4 - 4 7 ( 1 0 ) ; a n d c a m p a ig n s ig n s lo c a te d o n p r iv a te prop erty, i d. § 4 -47(11 ). T he 1999 O r di na nc e di r e c t e d tha tpe rm i tappl i c a t i ons be s ubm i tt e d t o the c o u n ty c o m m is s io n e ra n d p r o v id e d a“S ig n A p p lic a tio n ” f o rm . S e e id . § 4 - 4 9 . T h e 1 9 9 9 O r d in a n c e d id n o t s p e c if y th e c r ite r iaf

o rap p r o v a l, im p o s e atim e lim it for r evi ew of a perm i tappl i ca t i on , or es t abl i sh a proce du re t o app ea l the deni al of a pe rm i tappl i c a t i on. S e e ge ne r a l l y i d. § 4- 31 t o 4- 49. T he 1999 O r di na nc e di d not c ont a i n as t a t e m e ntof

purpos e orf

i ndi ngs . S e e ge ne r a l l y i d. In M ar ch and Jun e 200 3, T i nsl eyM edi a s ub m i tt ed t o P i ckens C ou nty e l even appl i ca t i on s thatre qu es t ed perm i t s t o p ostbi l l bo ar ds. T he coun ty deni ed al l el even appl i c a t i ons be c aus e bi l l boa r ds w e r e pr ohi bi t e d unde rthe 1999 or di na nc e . T he 1 9 9 9 o rd i n an ce d i d n o tp ro v i d e an ap p eal s p ro cess. T i nsl eyM edi a f

i l ed thi s a ct i on i n feder al court . T i nsl eyM edi a a l l eged that the e xe m pt i ons c ont a i ne d i n s e c t i on 4- 47, the pr ohi bi t i on on bi l l boa r ds , a nd the a lle g e d la c ko f

p r o c e d u r a l s a f

e g u a r d s v io la te d th e F ir s t a n d F o u r te e n th5

A m endm ent s of the U . S . C on st i tut i on and the G eorgi a C on st i tut i on . T he di stri ct c ourtde t e rm i ne d tha tT i ns l e y M e di aha d s t a ndi ng t o c ha l l e nge onl y the pr ohi bi t i on on bi l l boa r ds be c aus e tha tw a s the pr ovi s i on unde rw hi c h the C ounty de ni e d the pe rm i tappl i c a t i ons of

T i ns l e y M e di a . T he di s tr i c tc our tc onc l ude d tha tthe pr ohi bi t i on on bi l l boa r ds di d notvi ol a t e the U . S . C ons t i tut i on be c aus e the pr ohi bi t i on w a s c ont e nt - ne utr a l , di d notf a vorc om m e r c i a l s pe e c h ove rnonc om m e r c i a l s pe e c h, i m pos e d ar e a s onabl e t i m e , pl a c e , a nd m a nne rr e s tr i c t i on, a nd s a t i s f i e d the t e s tf

orthe r e gul a t i on of

c om m e r c i a l s pe e c h unde rC e ntr a l H uds on G a s & E l e c tr i c C orp. v. P ubl i c S e rvi c e C om m i s s i on, 447 U . S . 557, 100 S . C t . 2343 ( 1 9 8 0 ) . T h e d is tr ic t c o u rt a ls o c o n c lu d e d th a t th e p r o h ib itio n w a s p e rm is s ib le unde rthe G e or gi aC ons t i tut i on. T i ns l e y M e di aappe a l e d. I n M a r c h 2006, w hi l e thi s appe a l w a s pe ndi ng, the C ou nty r epea l ed the 19 99 O rdi nance and adop t ed a new si gn ordi nance. S ee P ic k e n s C o u n ty , G a ., C o d e § § 4 - 3 1 to 4 - 4 2 ( 2 0 0 6 ) [ h e r e in a f te r“2 0 0 6 O r d in a n c e ” ]. T he 2006 O r di na nc e c ont a i ns s t a t e m e nt s of purpos e a nd f

i ndi ngs , i d. §§ 4- 31, 4- 32, a nd e s t abl i s he s ape rm i tt i ng pr oc e dur e tha ti nc l ude s s t a nda r ds f orappr ova l , i d. § 4 - 3 9 ( b ) , ( e ) ( 7 ) , a1 0 - d a y tim e lim it, id . § 4 - 3 9 ( e ) ( 3 ) , a n d a n ap p e a l p r o c e s s , id . § 4- 39( l). A l so w hi l e thi s app ea l w as pend i ng , thi s C ou rtdeci ded tw o cas es that6

a ddr e s s e d the i s s ue s of

s t a ndi ng a nd m ootne s s i n the c ont e xtof F i r s tA m e ndm e nt c ha l l e nge s . S e e C A M P , 451 F . 3d 1257; T a nne r , 451 F . 3d 777. I I . STA N D A R D O F R EVI EW T h i s C o u rtrev i ew s d e n o v o th e g ran to f su m m ary j u d g m en t . N at ’ l F i re In s. C o. v. F ortun e C on str. C o. , 32 0 F . 3d 12 60 , 12 67 (11th C i r. 20 03 ). “ W e r evi ew s t a ndi ng de t e rm i na t i ons de novo. ” B oc he s e v. T ow n of P onc e I nl e t , 405 F . 3d 964, 975 ( 11th C i r . ) , c e rt . de ni e d, ___ U . S . ___, 126 S . C t . 377 ( 2005) . “ W e r e vi e w the que s t i on of

m ootne s s de novo. ” C or a l S pr i ngs S t . S y s . , I nc . v. C i ty of S unr i s e , 371 F . 3d 13 20 , 13 28 (11th C i r. 20 04 ). I I I . DI S CUS S I ON T i nsl eyM edi a argues thatse vera l prov i si on s of the 19 99 O rdi nance ar e u n c o n s titu tio n a l u n d e rth e U .S . a n d G e o r g iaC o n s titu tio n s . T h e s e c la im s f a ll in to thr e e c a t e gor i e s . F i r s t , T i ns l e y M e di ac ha l l e nge s the c ons t i tut i ona l i ty of the pr ohi bi t i on on bi l l boa r ds . S e c ond, T i ns l e y M e di aa r gue s tha tthe e xc e pt i ons cont ai ned i n sec t i on 4-47 ar e uncon st i tut i on al . T hi rd, T i nsl eyM edi a argues that the 19 99 O rdi nance l ac ks se vera l procedural sa fe gu ar ds. W e a dd re ss ea ch c a t e gory i n turn, a nd, f

ore a c h, be gi n w i th the thr e s hol d i s s ue s of s t a ndi ng a nd m o o tn ess.7 A . T h e P r o h ib itio n o n B illb o a rd s I s U n c o n s titu tio n a l. T i ns l e y M e di aa r gue s tha tthe pr ohi bi t i on on bi l l boa r ds vi ol a t e s the U . S . a nd G eorgi a C on st i tut i on s bec ause i ti s c on t ent -bas ed and favors com m er ci al spee ch ov erno n-com m er ci al spee ch. F i rs t , w e c on si der w hether T i nsl eyM edi a has st andi ng and fi nd thati tdo es . S ec on d, w e det erm i ne thatthe ar gu m entof T i nsl ey M e di aw a s notr e nde r e d m ootby the r e pe a l of the 1999 O r di na nc e a nd the e na c tm e ntof

the 2006 O r di na nc e . T hi r d, w e a ddr e s s the m e r i t s of the a r gum e ntof T i nsl eyM edi a. 1. T i ns l e y M e di aH a s S t a ndi ng.

“ S t a ndi ng ‘ i s the thr e s hol d que s t i on i n e ve ry f e de r a l c a s e , de t e rm i ni ng the p o w e ro f th e c o u rt to e n te rta in th e s u it.’” C A M P , 4 5 1 F .3 d a t 1 2 5 7 ( q u o tin g W a rth v. S el di n, 42 2 U . S . 49 0, 49 9, 95 S . C t . 21 97 , 22 05 (197 5)). S t andi ng has three r e qui r e m e nt s : “ ( 1) a n i nj ury i n f a c t , m e a ni ng a n i nj ury tha ti s c onc r e t e a nd part i cul ar i ze d, and actual or i m m i nent , (2) acausal conn ec t i on betw ee n the i nj ury an d th e cau sal co n d u ct , an d (3 ) a l i k el i h o o d th atth e i n j u ry w i l l b e red ressed b y a f a vor abl e de c i s i on. ” G r a ni t e S t a t e O ut doorA dve r . , I nc . v. C i ty of C l e a rw a t e r , 351 F . 3d 11 12 , 11 16 (11th C i r. 20 03 ). T i ns l e y M e di aha s s a t i s f i e d the thr e e s t a ndi ng r e qui r e m e nt s . S e e i d. , 351 F . 3d a t1116. T i ns l e y M e di aha s s how n “ i nj ury i n f a c t ” be c aus e i tw a s de ni e d a8

perm i tt o ere ctthe bi l l bo ar ds. T hi s i nj ury i s c ausa l l y r el at ed t o the al l eged c ons t i tut i ona l vi ol a t i on be c aus e the pe rm i tappl i c a t i on w a s de ni e d unde rthe pr ovi s i on tha tpr ohi bi t s bi l l boa r ds . A f a vor abl e de c i s i on— i nva l i da t i on of the p r o v is io n — w o u ld m e a n T in s le y M e d ias h o u ld h a v e r e c e iv e d ap p r o v a l o f its appl i ca t i on and m aybe ent i t l ed t o d am ages . W e c on cl ud e thatT i nsl eyM edi a has st an d i n g t o ch al l en g e th e p ro h i b i t i o n o n b i l l b o ard s. 2 . T h e I s s u e I s N o t M o o t.

“ A rt i c l e I I I of

the C ons t i tut i on r e qui r e s tha tthe r e be al i ve c a s e or c ontr ove r s y a tthe t i m e tha taf e de r a l c our tde c i de s the c a s e . ” B urke v. B a rne s , 479 U . S . 36 1, 36 3, 10 7 S . C t . 73 4, 73 6 (19 87 ). “ T he re qu i si t e per sonal i nt er es tthat m us te xi s ta tthe c om m e nc e m e ntof the l i t i ga t i on ( s t a ndi ng) m us tc ont i nue th r o u g h o u ti t s e x i s t e n c e ( mo o tn e s s ) . ” U . S. Par o l e Co mm’ n v . G e r a g h ty , 4 4 5 U . S. 3 8 8 , 3 9 7 , 1 0 0 S . C t . 1 2 0 2 , 1 2 0 9 (1 9 8 0 ) (i n t ern al q u o t at i o n s o m i tt ed ). “ O rd i n ari l y,

‘ a c hal l enge t o the const i tut i on al i ty of ast atut e i s m oo t ed by re peal of the st atut e. ’ ” T anner, 45 1 F . 3d at78 5 (qu ot i ng C oral S pri ng s, 37 1 F . 3d at13 29 ). A l though the 2006 O r di na nc e doe s notpr ohi bi tbi l l boa r ds , the r e pe a l of the 1999 O r di na nc e a nd the e na c tm e ntof the 2006 O r di na nc e doe s notr e nde rthe c ha l l e nge of

T i ns l e y M e di at o the pr ohi bi t i on on bi l l boa r ds m oot . “ [ W ] he n a pl ai nt i ff re qu es t s dam ages , as op po se d t o o nl y dec l ar at ory or i nj un ct i ve re l i ef ,9

c ha nge s t o orr e pe a l of

the c ha l l e nge d or di na nc e m a y notne c e s s a r i l y m ootthe pl a i nt i f f’ s c ons t i tut i ona l c ha l l e nge t o tha tor di na nc e . ” C r ow n M e di a , L L C v. G w i nn ettC ou nty, 38 0 F . 3d 13 17 , 13 25 (11th C i r. 20 04 ). T i nsl eyM edi a pre se rved a n a r gum e nttha ti ti s e nt i t l e d t o da m a ge s be c aus e i tc ha l l e nge d the pr ovi s i on of the 1999 O r di na nc e unde rw hi c h i t s pe rm i tappl i c a t i on w a s de ni e d a ta l l s t a ge s i n the l i t i g at i o n . C f. T an n er, 4 5 1 F . 3 d at7 8 5 -8 6 (fi n d i n g th atth e i ssu e w as m o o tb ecau se T a n n e rf a ile d to p r e s e rv e a n a r g u m e n t th a t w o u ld h a v e e n title d it to d a m a g e s ) . W e c onc l ude tha tthe c ha l l e nge of T i ns l e y M e di at o the pr ohi bi t i on on bi l l boa r ds i s not m o o t. 3. T he P rohi bi t i on on B i l l bo ar ds Is U ncon st i tut i on al

B ec ause ItW as N otE nact ed t o Im pl em enta S ub st ant i al

G ov ernm ent al P urpo se . B e c aus e w e c onc l ude tha tT i ns l e y M e di aha s s t a ndi ng t o c ha l l e nge the p r o h ib itio n o n b illb o a r d s a n d th e is s u e is n o t m o o t, th is C o u r t h a s ju r is d ic tio n to addres s the m er i t s of the ar gu m ent . S ee G er aghty, 44 5 U . S . at39 7, 10 0 S . C t . at 1 2 0 9 . Ti n s l e y M e d i aa r g u e s th a tth e c h a l l e n g e d p r o v i s i o n v i o l a t e s th e U . S. C on st i tut i on because the 19 99 O rdi nance w as no tenac t ed t o adv ance a s ub st ant i al g o v ern m en t al i n t erest . T i n sl ey M ed i a arg u es th atth e 1 9 9 9 O rd i n an ce l i k ew i se vi ol a t e s the G e or gi aC ons t i tut i on.10

R egul at i on s thatre stri ctthe expres si on of prot ec t ed com m er ci al spee ch ar e a n a ly z e d u n d e raf

o u r - p a rt a n a ly s is . S e e C e n t. H u d s o n , 4 4 7 U .S . a t 5 6 6 , 1 0 0 S . C t. at23 51 . T he fi rs tst ep st at es thatcom m er ci al spee ch i s prot ec t ed “ on l y i f that s p e e c h c o n c e rn s la w f

u l a c tiv ity a n d is n o t m is le a d in g .” M e tr o m e d ia , I n c . v . C ity of S a n D i e go, 453 U . S . 490, 507, 101 S . C t . 2882, 2892 ( 1981) . “ A r e s tr i c t i on on o th e rw is e p r o te c te d c o m m e r c ia l s p e e c h is v a lid o n ly if it ( 2 ) s e e k s to im p le m e n t a s ubs t a nt i a l gove rnm e nt a l i nt e r e s t , ( 3) di r e c t l y a dva nc e s tha ti nt e r e s t , a nd ( 4) r e a c he s no f

urthe rtha n ne c e s s a ry t o a c c om pl i s h the gi ve n obj e c t i ve . ” I d. “ [ T ] he pa rty s e e ki ng t o uphol d ar e s tr i c t i on on c om m e r c i a l s pe e c h c a rr i e s the bur de n of ju s tif y in g it.” T h o m p s o n v . W . S ta te s M e d . C tr ., 5 3 5 U .S . 3 5 7 , 3 7 3 , 1 2 2 S . C t. 14 97 , 15 07 (200 2) (i nt ernal qu ot at i on om i tt ed). T i nsl eyM edi a argues thatthe C ou nty f ai l ed t o est abl i sh thatthe ordi nance w a s e na c t e d “ t o i m pl e m e ntas ubs t a nt i a l gove rnm e nt a l i nt e r e s t . ” M e tr om e di a , 453 U . S . a t507, 101 S . C t . a t2892. T he C ounty a c know l e dge s tha tthe 1999 O r di na nc e c ont a i ns no s t a t e d purpos e orf i ndi ngs t o s uppor tthe r e s tr i c t i ons , but a r gue s tha tthe a f

f i da vi tof the c ounty c om m i s s i one r— one s ubm i tt e d dur i ng l i t i g at i o n , fi v e years after th e en actm en to f th e o rd i n an ce— i s su ffi ci en tt o est ab l i sh the purpos e of

the or di na nc e . T he a f

f i da vi ts t a t e s , “ A s C om m i s s i one r , I a dopt e d a s i gn or di na nc e f

orthe C ounty i n 1999 i n or de rt o pr om ot e uni f orm i ty , pr e s e rve11

a e s the t i c qua l i t i e s i n the C ounty a nd f os t e rthe s a f

e ty of m ot or i s t s a nd pe de s tr i a ns i n the C ounty . ” T i ns l e y M e di aa r gue s tha tthe a f f i da vi ti s i na dm i s s i bl e a nd, i n the a lte rn a tiv e , in s u f

f ic ie n t to o v e r c o m e th e f a ilu r e o f th e o r d in a n c e to s ta te its pu rpose. F i rst , w e ad d ress th e ad m i ssi b i l i ty o f th e affi d av i t . T h e C o u n ty ci t es n o case i n w hi ch thi s C ou rthas uph el d the adm i ss i on of an af fi davi tof a l egi sl at or as ev i d en ce o f l eg i sl at i v e i n t en t . O u r o w n rev i ew o f th e case l aw rev eal s th atth e v ast m a j or i ty of c ourt s r e j e c tthe us e of

pos thoc t e s t i m ony a s am e a ns of de t e rm i ni ng l e gi s l a t i ve i nt e nt . S e e , e . g. , C ova l tv. C a r e y C a na daI nc . , 860 F . 2d 1434, 1438- 39 (7th C i r. 19 88 ) ( “ L egi sl at i ve hi st ory gener at ed i n the course of l i t i gat i on . . . m ay b e d e s i g n e d t o mi s l e a d , t o p u ta n a d v o c a t e ’ s s l a n to n th i n g s . ” ) . Th e U . S. Su p r e me C o u rt h a s lik e w is e r e

je c te d th e p r a c tic e : “p o s t h o c o b s e rv a tio n s b y as in g le m e m be rof

C ongr e s s c a rry l i tt l e i f

a ny w e i ght . ” B r e a d P ol i t i c a l A c t i on C om m . v. F e d. E l e c t i on C om m ’ n, 455 U . S . 577, 582 n. 3, 102 S . C t . 1235, 1239 ( 1982) (quo t i ng Q uern v. M andl ey , 43 6 U . S . 72 5, 73 6 n . 10 , 98 S . C t . 20 68 , 20 75 (197 8)). S e c ond, e ve n i f

the a f f i da vi tw e r e a dm i s s i bl e , i ti s i ns uf f i c i e ntunde rour prec edent s t o sat i sf

y the bu rden of the C ou nty t o p rove a s ub st ant i al go vernm ent al i nt er es t . S ee D i l l s v. C i ty of M ar i ett a, 67 4 F . 2d 13 77 , 13 81 (11th C i r. 19 82 ). In D ills , th e c ity s ta te dits p u rp o s e in r e g u la tin g th e u s e o f p o r tab le s ig n s w a s “to12

sa fe gu ar d l i fe , pu bl i c hea l th, prop erty and w el fare . ” I d. W e hel d, “ W hen a l l - i nc l us i ve s t a t e m e nt s of purpos e a r e us e d w e a r e f or c e d t o l ook i n the r e c or d f or evi dence of the i nt er es tun derl yi ng a m ea sure . ” I d. T he D i l l s C ou rtexpres se d c onc e rn f

or“ a f t e rthe f a c tr a t i ona l i z a t i ons f

orr e gul a t i ons the r e by a l l ow i ng c i r c um ve nt i on of

the m a nda t e tha ts uc h m e a s ur e s be de f e nde d onl y on the ba s i s of c ons i de r a t i ons a c tua l l y c ontr i but i ng t o the i re na c tm e nt . ” I d. T he 1999 O r di na nc e c ont a i ns no “ a l l - i nc l us i ve s t a t e m e nt [ ] of purpos e , ” a nd w e dec l i ne t o ext end the i nq ui ryi nt o the re cord perm i tt ed un der D i l l s t o o rdi nances tha tc ont a i n no s t a t e m e ntof purpos e a ta l l . W i thoutas t a t e m e ntof purpos e i n the o r d in an c e , th e s ta tu te c a n n o t s a tis f y th e “s u b s ta n tia l g o v e rn m e n ta l in te r e s t” r e qui r e m e ntof

C e ntr a l H uds on. M e tr om e di a , 453 U . S . a t507, 101 S . C t . a t2892; s e e a l s o D e s e rtO ut doorA dve r . , I nc . v. C i ty of M or e no V a l l e y , 103 F . 3d 814, 819 ( 9th C i r . 1996) . T he di s tr i c tc our te rr one ous l y gr a nt e d s um m a ry j udgm e nti n f a vor o f th e Co u n ty o n th i s c l a i m. T he di s tr i c tc ourta l s o e rr e d w he n i tgr a nt e d s um m a ry j udgm e nta ga i ns tthe c h a lle n g e o f

T in s le y M e d iato th e p r o h ib itio n o f b illb o a r d s u n d e rth e G e o r g ia C ons t i tut i on. T he G e or gi aS upr e m e C our tha s he l d, “ O urs t a t e c ons t i tut i on prov i des e ven b roader prot ec t i on of spee ch than the fi rs tam endm ent . ” S t at es bo ro P ubl ’ g C o. v. C i ty of

S y l va ni a , 516 S . E . 2d 296, 299 ( G a . 1999) . B e c aus e the13

C ou nty f ai l ed t o p rove a s ub st ant i al go vernm ent al i nt er es t , the 19 99 O rdi nance a l s o vi ol a t e s the G e or gi aC ons t i tut i on.

B . T i ns le y Me di a L ac k

s Standi ng to Chal le nge the Sect i o n 4 -4 7E

xcep t i o n s. T he C ounty a r gue s tha tthe c ha l l e nge of T i ns l e y M e di at o the s e c t i on 4- 47 e xe m pt i ons w a s r e nde r e d m ootw he n the 1999 O r di na nc e w a s r e pe a l e d a nd the 2 0 0 6 O r d in a n c e w a s e n a c te d . A lth o u g h th e 1 9 9 9 O r d in a n c e w a s r e p e a le d in its e n t i r e ty , ac o mp a r i s o n w i th th e 2 0 0 6 O r d i n a n c e r e v e a l s th a ta tl e a s ts o me e xc e pt i ons t o the pe rm i tt i ng pr oc e s s w e r e r e - e na c t e d. E . g. , c om pa r e 1999 O r di na nc e § 4- 47( 2) ( e xe m pt i ng of f i c i a l not i c e s ) w i th 2006 O r di na nc e § 4- 37( b) ( gr a nt i ng a“ ge ne r a l pe rm i t ” t o of f i c i a l not i c e s ) . T o a voi d apr ovi s i on- by - pr ovi s i on a na l y s i s f

orm ootne s s , w e e xe r c i s e ourdi s c r e t i on t o r e vi e w the i s s ue of s t a ndi ng f ir s t. S e e A r iz o n a n s f

o rO f f ic ia l E n g lis h v . A r iz o n a , 5 2 0 U .S . 4 3 , 6 6 - 6 7 , 1 1 7 S . C t. 10 55 , 10 68 (199 7). T i ns l e y M e di aa r gue s tha ti tha s s t a ndi ng t o c ha l l e nge the pe rm i tt i ng exce pt i on s of s ec t i on 4-47 un der C A M P , bu tw e di sa gree . In C A M P , the fe st i val o rd i n an ce o f th e C i ty o f A t l an t a g ran t ed an ex em p t i o n fro m p erm i tt i n g fo r “ ci tyspon sore d event s, ” 451 F . 3d at12 75 , and C A M P chal l enged thatprov i si on as gr a nt i ng t o c i ty of

f i c i a l s unbr i dl e d di s c r e t i on. T he pr ovi s i on di d not“ pr ovi de gui da nc e aboutw hi c h e ve nt s w i l l be a w a r de d c i ty appr ova l a nd e xe m pt i on f r om14

the l i ce nsi ng sc hem e. ” I d. C A M P ar gu ed thatthe exem pt i on w as un const i tut i on al be c aus e i tw oul d a l l ow “ pos thoc r a t i ona l i z a t i ons by the l i c e ns i ng of f i c i a l a nd the u s e o f s h if tin g o rille g itim a te c r ite r ia .” I d . ( q u o tin g C ity o f L a k e w o o d v . P la in D e a le rP u b l’g C o ., 4 8 6 U .S . 7 5 0 , 7 5 8 , 1 0 8 S . C t. 2 1 3 8 , 2 1 4 4 ( 1 9 8 8 ) . W e c o n c l u d e d th a tC A MP h a d s t a n d i n g t o c h a l l e n g e th i s p r o v i s i o n b e c au s e “ C A MP m u s t e ith e rc o m p ly w ith th e p e rm ittin g s c h e m e o rf a c e p r o s e c u tio n , w h ile gove rnm e nt - s pons or e d f e s t i va l pr om ot e r s ne e d notc om pl y a ta l l . ” I d. A f t e rthe e x e m p t i o n o n g o v e rn m e n t - s p o n s o r e d e v e n t s w a s d e c l a r e d u n c o n s t i tu t i o n a l , C A MP w a s no l onge rs ubj e c tt o apr oc e s s tha tgr a nt e d c i ty of f i c i a l s unbr i dl e d di s c r e t i on. I n c o n tr a s t w ith C A M P , T in s le y M e d iad o e s n o t a r g u e th a t th e e x e m p tio n s in the 1999 O r di na nc e gr a nt e d unbr i dl e d di s c r e t i on t o c ounty of f i c i a l s ; i ns t e a d, T i ns l e y M e di aa r gue s tha tthe e xe m pt i ons w e r e c ont e nt - ba s e d pr i orr e s tr a i nt s on s pe e c h. T he i nj ury , i n thi s c i r c um s t a nc e , i s the pr ohi bi t i on of the i nt e nde d f

orm of expres si on of T i nsl eyM edi a, i . e. , the er ec t i on of advert i si ng bi l l bo ar ds. T i nsl ey M e d iaf a ils to s a tis f

y th e “r e d r e s s ab ility ” r e q u ir e m e n t o f s ta n d in g b e c au s e , e v e n if w e d ecl ared u n co n st i tu t i o n al o n e o r m o re o f th e ex em p t i o n s, th e stri k i n g o f th o se e xe m pt i ons w oul d noti n a ny w a y be ne f i tthe pr opos e d f

orm s of e xpr e s s i on of T in s le y M e d ia . S e e G r a n ite S ta te , 3 5 1 F .3 d a t 1 1 1 6 . T h e p e rm ittin g r e q u ir e m e n ts f orbi l l boa r ds w oul d r e m a i n.15 C . T he Chal le nge of

T i ns le y Me di a to the L ac k

of P r o c e du r a l Sa

feg u a rd s I s Mo o t. T i ns l e y M e di aa r gue s tha tthe l a c k of pr oc e dur a l s a f

e gua r ds i n the 1999 O r d in a n c e is u n c o n s titu tio n a l. T in s le y M e d iaa r g u e s th a t th e 1 9 9 9 O r d in a n c e v e s ts unbr i dl e d di s c r e t i on i n the c ounty c om m i s s i one rbe c aus e i tf a i l s t o s pe c i f

y the c r ite r iaf o rap p r o v a l, to im p o s e atim e lim it f o rr e v ie w o f

ap e rm it ap p lic a tio n , o rto e s t abl i s h apr oc e dur e t o appe a l the de ni a l of ape rm i tappl i c a t i on. S e e ge ne r a l l y i d. § 4 - 3 1

– 4 - 4 9 . I n i t s s u p p l e me n t a l b r i e f , th e Co u n ty a r g u e d th e s e c h a l l e n g e s b e c a me m o o tu p o n th e en actm en to f th e 2 0 0 6 O rd i n an ce. T i n sl ey M ed i a d i d n o tad d ress thi s argum enti n i t s r epl y bri ef . W e a gree w i th the C ou nty. T he procedural sa fe gu ar d chal l enges of T i nsl ey M edi a are m oo t . T he 20 06 O rdi nance re m edi es ea ch of the vi ol at i on s thatT i nsl ey M e di aa l l e ge d. S e e 2006 O r di na nc e §§ 4- 39( b) , ( e ) ( 7) ( s t a nda r ds f orappr ova l ) , 4- 39 (e )( 3) (10-day t i m e l i m i t ), 4-39 (e )( l) ( pr oc e dur e f orappe a l ) . U nl i ke the chal l enge of T i nsl eyM edi a t o the prov i si on un der w hi ch i tw as deni ed, these fa ci al chal l enges “ corr es po nd t o i t s r equest s f or i nj un ct i ve re l i ef

” and ar e notpres erved unde rthe r e que s tof

T i ns l e y M e di af

orda m a ge s . T a nne r , 451 F . 3d a t787. I V . CONCL US I ON W e a f f i rm the di s m i s s a l of

the c ha l l e nge s of

T i ns l e y M e di at o the e xc e pt i ons c ont a i ne d i n s e c t i on 4- 47 a nd the l a c k of pr oc e dur a l s a f

e gua r ds i n the 199916

O r di na nc e . W e r e ve r s e the s um m a ry j udgm e nte nt e r e d a ga i ns tthe c ha l l e nge of T in s le y M e d iato th e p r o h ib itio n o n b illb o a r d s u n d e rth e U .S . a n d G e o r g ia C o n st i tu t i o n s. A F F IR M E D i n p art, R E V E R S E D an d R E M A N D E D i n p art.