Page 1 of 12

DOE Review Release 08/10/2016

Feed Materials Production Center – 

Introduction

ORAUT-TKBS-0017-1 Rev. 02

Effective Date: 08/05/2016

Supersedes: Revision 01

Subject Expert(s): Billy P. Smith

Document Owner 

Approval: Signature on File

Karen S. Kent, Document Owner

Approval Date: 08/03/2016

Concurrence: Signature on File

James P. Griffin, Deputy Project Director

Concurrence Date: 08/03/2016

Concurrence: Signature on File

Edward F. Maher, Objective 3 Manager

Concurrence Date: 08/03/2016

Concurrence: Vickie S. Short Signature on File for

Kate Kimpan, Project Director

Concurrence Date: 08/03/2016

Approval: Signature on File

David S. Sundin, Deputy Director, DCAS

Approval Date: 08/05/2016

FOR DOCUMENTS MARKED AS A TOTAL REWRITE, REVISION, OR PAGE CHANGE, REPLACE THE PRIOR 

REVISION AND DISCARD / DESTROY ALL COPIES OF THE PRIOR REVISION.

New Total Rewrite Revision Page Change
Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0017-1 Revision No. 02 Effective Date: 08/05/2016 Page 2 of 12

 

PUBLICATION RECORD

EFFECTIVE 

DATE

REVISION 

NUMBER DESCRIPTION

02/14/2004 00 New Technical Basis Document for the Department of Energy 

Fernald Environmental Management Project - Introduction. 

Incorporates formal internal and NIOSH review comments. First 

approved issue. Initiated by Terry A. Kuykendall.

03/17/2004 01 Approved issue of Revision 01. Incorporates formal internal and 

NIOSH review comments. Initiated by Terry A. Kuykendall.

08/05/2016 02 Revision initiated to change title to Feed Materials Production Center, 

to add Special Exposure Cohort information, and to incorporate 

minor changes and corrections to ensure consistency across this site 

profile. Includes editorial changes. No changes occurred as a result 

of formal internal review. Incorporates formal NIOSH review 

comments. Constitutes a total rewrite of the document. Training 

required: as determined by the Objective Manager. Initiated by Billy 

P. Smith and Karen S. Kent. 
Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0017-1 Revision No. 02 Effective Date: 08/05/2016 Page 3 of 12

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION TITLE PAGE

Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................................................................... 4

1.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 5

1.1.1 Purpose........................................................................................................................ 6

1.1.2 Scope........................................................................................................................... 6

1.1.3 Special Exposure Cohort.............................................................................................. 6

1.2 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 7

1.3 Attributions and Annotations .................................................................................................. 11

References ........................................................................................................................................ 12
Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0017-1 Revision No. 02 Effective Date: 08/05/2016 Page 4 of 12

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AEC U.S. Atomic Energy Commission

AWE atomic weapons employer

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

DCAS Division of Compensation Analysis and Support

DOE U.S. Department of Energy

DOL U.S. Department of Labor

EA Exposure Area

EEOICPA Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000

FMPC Feed Materials Production Center

gal gallon

lb pound

MTU metric tons of uranium

NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

NLO National Lead Company of Ohio

ORAU Oak Ridge Associated Universities

RMI Reactive Metals, Inc.

SEC Special Exposure Cohort

SRDB Ref ID Site Research Database Reference Identification (number)

TBD technical basis document

U.S.C. United States Code

§ section or sections
Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0017-1 Revision No. 02 Effective Date: 08/05/2016 Page 5 of 12

 

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Technical basis documents and site profile documents are not official determinations made by the 

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) but are rather general working 

documents that provide historical background information and guidance to assist in the preparation of 

dose reconstructions at particular Department of Energy (DOE) or Atomic Weapons Employer (AWE) 

facilities or categories of DOE or AWE facilities. They will be revised in the event additional relevant 

information is obtained about the affected DOE or AWE facility(ies). These documents may be used 

to assist NIOSH staff in the evaluation of Special Exposure Cohort (SEC) petitions and the completion 

of the individual work required for each dose reconstruction.

In this document the word “facility” is used to refer to an area, building, or group of buildings that 

served a specific purpose at a DOE or AWE facility. It does not mean nor should it be equated to an 

“AWE facility” or a “DOE facility.” The terms AWE and DOE facility are defined in sections 7384l(5) 

and (12) of the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000 

(EEOICPA), respectively. An AWE facility means “a facility, owned by an atomic weapons employer, 

that is or was used to process or produce, for use by the United States, material that emitted radiation 

and was used in the production of an atomic weapon, excluding uranium mining or milling.” 42 U.S.C. 

§ 7384l(5). On the other hand, a DOE facility is defined as “any building, structure, or premise, 

including the grounds upon which such building, structure, or premise is located ... in which 

operations are, or have been, conducted by, or on behalf of, the [DOE] (except for buildings, 

structures, premises, grounds, or operations ... pertaining to the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program);” 

and with regard to which DOE has or had a proprietary interest, or “entered into a contract with an 

entity to provide management and operation, management and integration, environmental 

remediation services, construction, or maintenance services.” 42 U.S.C. § 7384l(12). The Department 

of Energy (DOE) determines whether a site meets the statutory definition of an AWE facility and the 

Department of Labor (DOL) determines if a site is a DOE facility and, if it is, designates it as such.

Accordingly, a Part B claim for benefits must be based on an energy employee’s eligible employment 

and occupational radiation exposure at a DOE or AWE facility during the facility’s designated time 

period and location (i.e., covered employee). After DOL determines that a claim meets the eligibility 

requirements under EEOICPA, DOL transmits the claim to NIOSH for a dose reconstruction. 

EEOICPA provides, among other things, guidance on eligible employment and the types of radiation 

exposure to be included in an individual dose reconstruction. Under EEOICPA, eligible employment 

at a DOE facility includes individuals who are or were employed by DOE and its predecessor 

agencies, as well as their contractors and subcontractors at the facility. Unlike the abovementioned 

statutory provisions on DOE facility definitions that contain specific descriptions or exclusions on 

facility designation, the statutory provision governing types of exposure to be included in dose 

reconstructions for DOE covered employees only requires that such exposures be incurred in the 

performance of duty. As such, NIOSH broadly construes radiation exposures incurred in the 

performance of duty to include all radiation exposures received as a condition of employment at 

covered DOE facilities in its dose reconstructions for covered employees. For covered employees at 

DOE facilities, individual dose reconstructions may also include radiation exposures related to the 

Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program at DOE facilities, if applicable. No efforts are made to determine 

the eligibility of any fraction of total measured exposure for inclusion in dose reconstruction.

NIOSH does not consider the following types of exposure as those incurred in the performance of 

duty as a condition of employment at a DOE facility. Therefore these exposures are not included in 

dose reconstructions for covered employees (NIOSH 2010):

• Background radiation, including radiation from naturally occurring radon present in 

conventional structures

• Radiation from X-rays received in the diagnosis of injuries or illnesses or for therapeutic 

reasons
Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0017-1 Revision No. 02 Effective Date: 08/05/2016 Page 6 of 12

 

1.1.1 Purpose

This technical basis document (TBD) introduces the Feed Materials Production Center (FMPC) site 

profile and provides specific information concerning documentation of historic radiological practices at 

the Fernald, Ohio, facility. Since operations ended in 1988, the Fernald site has been variously 

named the Fernald Environmental Management Project, the Fernald Closure Project, and is now the 

Fernald Preserve. The site profile can be used by dose reconstructors to evaluate internal and 

external dosimetry data for unmonitored and monitored workers and can serve as a supplement to, or 

substitute for, individual monitoring data. This document provides a site profile of FMPC that contains 

technical basis information to be used by the Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) Team to 

evaluate the total occupational radiation dose for EEOICPA claimants. It provides information on 

buildings, operations, site conditions, modes and methods of potential radiological exposure, and 

inferred best estimates of dose parameters where data are missing or might be inaccurate.

In addition, this document provides supporting technical data to evaluate, with assumptions favorable 

to claimants, the total Fernald occupational radiation dose that can reasonably be associated with 

worker exposures. This dose results from exposure to external and internal radiation sources in 

Fernald buildings, occupationally required diagnostic X-ray examinations, and onsite environmental 

releases. The discussion includes the doses that workers could have incurred while not monitored as 

well as doses that could have been missed for other reasons. The information in this site profile has 

been assembled to assist in the evaluation of worker dose from FMPC processes and activities using 

the methodology in the OCAS-IG-001, External Dose Reconstruction Implementation Guideline

(NIOSH 2007) and OCAS-IG-002, Internal Dose Reconstruction Implementation Guideline 

(NIOSH 2002). 

1.1.2 Scope

This site profile consists of the latest versions of six TBDs: this Introduction, Site Description, 

Occupational Medical Dose, Occupational Environmental Dose, Occupational Internal Dose, and 

Occupational External Dose. Each TBD contains supporting tables and attachments as necessary. 

This Introduction provides information about SEC classes relevant to FMPC and a summary 

description of the remaining TBD sections.

1.1.3 Special Exposure Cohort

The Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has designated three classes of 

employees at Fernald as additions to the SEC: 

Thorium, 1968 through 1978

All employees of DOE, its predecessor agencies, and their contractors, or subcontractors 

who worked at the Feed Materials Production Center in Fernald, Ohio, from January 1, 

1968 through December 31, 1978, for a number of work days aggregating at least 250

work days, occurring either solely under this employment, or in combination with work 

days within the parameters established for one or more other classes of employees 

included in the SEC (Sebelius 2012).

It was determined that NIOSH lacked sufficient information to allow it to estimate with sufficient 

accuracy the potential internal doses from exposure to thorium, to which employees at this facility may 

have been subjected (Sebelius 2012).

Thorium, 1954 through 1967

All employees of the DOE, its predecessor agencies, and their contractors and 

subcontractors who worked at the Feed Materials Production Center in Fernald, Ohio, 
Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0017-1 Revision No. 02 Effective Date: 08/05/2016 Page 7 of 12

 

from January 1, 1954, through December 31, 1967, for a number of work days 

aggregating at least 250 work days, occurring either solely under this employment, or in 

combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more other 

classes of employees included in the Special Exposure Cohort (Sebelius 2013a). 

It was determined that NIOSH lacked sufficient information to allow it to estimate with sufficient 

accuracy the potential internal doses from exposure to thorium, to which employees working at this 

facility may have been subjected (Sebelius 2013a).

Uranium, 1951 through 1983 [applies only to subcontractors]

All employees of the Feed Materials Production Center in Fernald, Ohio, who were not 

employed by National Lead of Ohio, NLO, or the Department of Energy or its 

predecessor agencies, who worked at FMPC from January 1, 1951, through December 

31, 1983, for a number of work days aggregating at least 250 work days, occurring either 

solely under this employment, or in combination with work days within the parameters 

established for one or more other classes of employees included in the Special Exposure 

Cohort (Sebelius 2013b).

It was determined that NIOSH lacked sufficient information to allow it to estimate with sufficient 

accuracy the potential internal doses from exposure to uranium, to which some employees of FMPC 

working at this facility may have been subjected.

This dose reconstruction infeasibility for the period from 1951 through 1983 applies only to 

subcontractors. NIOSH has access to an electronic dataset that contains the results of the uranium 

urinalysis bioassay program for all years of FMPC operations, and the overwhelming majority of 

employees of the prime contractor National Lead Company of Ohio (later named NLO) have results in 

the bioassay dataset. However, the dataset does not contain bioassay results for employees of 

companies other than the prime contractor (i.e., non-prime contractor employees). NIOSH has 

obtained a limited number of bioassay samples from non-prime contractor employees through data 

captures, but cannot be certain that all non-prime contractor employee bioassay data were retained 

by the site or captured by data capture efforts. In addition, there are some reasons to conclude that 

the prime contractor did not consistently evaluate whether non-prime contractor employees should be 

monitored for radiation exposure because of the transitory nature of their work (Sebelius 2013b).

Dose reconstruction guidance in this document for the period from January 1, 1954, to December 31, 

1983, is presented to provide a technical basis for partial dose reconstructions for claims not 

compensated under the SEC (i.e., nonpresumptive cancers and SEC employment less than 

250 days). Although it is not possible to completely reconstruct internal radiation doses for all workers 

for this period, NIOSH has determined, and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has 

concurred, that it is feasible to reconstruct external radiation doses for all FMPC workers for this 

period (Sebelius 2013b).

1.2 SUMMARY

Section 2.0, Site Description (ORAUT 2014a), describes the buildings and processes that have been 

used at the Fernald site for the manufacture and development of nuclear materials. It includes 

discussion of remediation activities after the cessation of operations.

FMPC operations played an important role in the U.S. nuclear weapons program and were 

instrumental in the nuclear materials production process. The processes conducted at FMPC 

included nuclear material processing and machining, fuel fabrication, radiochemical processing, and 

waste management.
Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0017-1 Revision No. 02 Effective Date: 08/05/2016 Page 8 of 12

During the Cold War, the Fernald site produced high-purity uranium metal products for the nation’s 

weapons production program. The site’s history began in 1951, when the U.S. Atomic Energy 

Commission (AEC) awarded a $113 million contract to the George A. Fuller Company of New York to 

construct a uranium processing plant on a 1,050-acre parcel of land 18 miles from Cincinnati, Ohio. 

The AEC also contracted the Catalytic Construction Company as the architectural and engineering 

design firm for the site.

Fernald had a primary mission to produce high-purity uranium metal products in the form of ingots, 

derbies, billets, and fuel cores for other sites in the nuclear weapons complex. Some sites used the 

products as fuel for nuclear reactors to produce plutonium. The Fernald site was a uranium 

processing facility; it did not contain a nuclear reactor, and it did not produce or handle explosive 

devices, nuclear weapons, or significant quantities of highly radioactive material.

The AEC awarded a prime contract in 1951 to National Lead Company of Ohio (NLO), a wholly 

owned subsidiary of National Lead Company, to manage and operate the site. In 1986, DOE 

awarded the management contract to Westinghouse Materials Company of Ohio, a subsidiary of 

Westinghouse Electric Corporation.

Five months after the May 1951 groundbreaking, NLO initiated operations on a plant-by-plant basis. 

As construction of each production plant was completed, NLO tested the processes and started 

operations. In October 1951, the Pilot Plant became the first production plant to operate; all plants 

were fully operational by 1954. By the time construction was complete, 19 acres of the 136-acre 

production area were under roof, 4 miles of railroad tracks were installed, and 24 acres of paved 

roads and storage areas were constructed, equivalent to a 20-mile stretch of highway.

During its 38 years of operations, the Fernald site played a critical role in the nuclear weapons 

complex, delivering nearly 170,000 metric tons of uranium (MTU) metal products and 35,000 MTU of 

intermediate compounds such as uranium trioxide and uranium tetrafluoride. From the mid-1950s to 

the early 1960s, metal production peaked. Many of the production plants were enlarged in the mid1950s as part of a sitewide plant expansion effort. In 1975, the site’s metal production rate dropped. 

Production picked up again in the 1980s, but by 1989 demand for uranium feed material was low due 

to the cessation of the Cold War. This decrease in demand, coupled with an increase in 

environmental compliance and waste management issues, led to the site management decision to 

shut down plant operations.

The 1,050-acre operation was designed as a large-scale, integrated site capable of converting 

uranium ore and recycled material into uranium metal through a series of chemical and metallurgical 

conversions. The actual production processes used about 136 acres in the center of the site; the 

remainder included administration buildings, laboratories, waste storage areas, and buffer zones. The 

production area contained nine primary plants, each with a specific function in the uranium metal 

production process.

The first step in the production process was the purification of uranium. In the early years, the site 

processed uranium ore, including pitchblende from the Belgian Congo, through a series of chemical 

processes. In later periods, Fernald extracted uranium from scrap metal or recycled material (i.e., 

floor sweepings, dust collector and production residues) from onsite operations and other nuclear 

weapons sites.

Incoming material was weighed, sampled, dried, ground, and classified in Plant 1, then drummed and 

transported to Plants 2 and 3 where the material was converted to uranium trioxide. First, the material 

was dissolved in nitric acid to produce a crude uranyl nitrate solution for solvent extraction purification. 

Purified uranyl nitrate was concentrated by evaporation and thermally denitrated to uranium trioxide, 

called “orange oxide.” The orange oxide was either shipped to the gaseous diffusion plant in 
Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0017-1 Revision No. 02 Effective Date: 08/05/2016 Page 9 of 12

 

Paducah, Kentucky, or transported to Plant 4, where it was converted to uranium tetrafluoride, called 

“green salt,” for reduction to metal.

As an intermediate step, uranium trioxide was converted to uranium dioxide, called “brown oxide,” by 

reducing it with hydrogen. The brown oxide was reacted with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride to produce 

green salt. Fernald also produced green salt from uranium hexafluoride from other sites in the 

nuclear weapons complex.

The green salt was packaged in 10-gal cans and transported to the metal production operations in 

Plant 5, where it was blended with magnesium metal granules, placed in a closed reduction pot, and 

heated until the contents reacted, producing a uranium mass called a “derby.” The product, which 

resembled the top of a derby hat, weighed up to 370 lb.

Fernald shipped some derbies to other DOE sites but most was remelted in a vacuum induction 

furnace and poured into preheated graphite molds to form ingots. Ingots varied in weight, size, and 

shape and weighed up to 1,400 lb. Fernald sent ingots to Reactive Metals, Inc. (RMI) in Ashtabula, 

Ohio, where most were extruded and sent back to the Fernald site for heat treatment and final 

machining to target element cores for the Savannah River Site in South Carolina. Enriched uranium 

ingots were prepared by RMI to produce a billet for direct shipment to the Hanford Site in Washington. 

In Plant 6, ingots were cut to various lengths and then machined to very tight specifications for the 

Savannah River Site.

The Fernald site served as the thorium repository for DOE, and maintained long-term storage areas 

for a variety of thorium materials. On several occasions from 1954 through 1975, the site produced 

small amounts of thorium in Plant 8, Plant 9, and the Pilot Plant.

Throughout the production years, products from the Fernald site were used at many different sites in 

the nuclear weapons complex. From 1952 through 1976, depleted, normal, and enriched uranium 

cores and fuel core elements were fabricated for the Hanford and Savannah River Sites. From 1976 

until 1989, the main products were depleted uranium fuel elements for the Savannah River Site, 

enriched extrusion ingots and billets for Hanford, derbies for the Oak Ridge Reservation in Tennessee 

and the Rocky Flats Plant in Colorado, and slab billets for the Rocky Flats Plant.

In July 1989, Fernald site management shut down uranium metal production to focus on 

environmental compliance and waste management issues. Later that year, the U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency added Fernald to its National Priorities List of Federal Facilities that required 

remediation. Since that time, the Fernald workforce has been dedicated to cleanup, waste 

management, and restoration of the site.

In 1991, Congress approved the final closure of site production operations and authorized an 

environmental remediation mission. To reflect this new mission, DOE changed the name of the site to 

the Fernald Environmental Management Project. In 2002 after the majority of remediation, the site 

became the Fernald Closure Project. When those activities were complete in late 2006, DOE 

renamed it to the Fernald Preserve.

Section 3.0, Occupational Medical Dose (ORAUT 2014b), provides information about the dose that 

individual workers received from medical X-ray examinations that were required as a condition of 

employment. Under the requirements of EEOICPA, only the dose from medical X-rays received for 

screening and as a condition of employment is eligible to be included in dose reconstruction.

Section 4.0, Occupational Environmental Dose (ORAUT 2015), discusses the dose workers received 

when working outside the buildings on the site from inhalation of radioactive materials in the air, direct 

radiation from plumes, contact with particles on the skin, and from direct exposure to radionuclides in 
Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0017-1 Revision No. 02 Effective Date: 08/05/2016 Page 10 of 12

 

the soil. The occupational environmental dose includes the dose that was received by individuals who 

worked in radioactive waste areas or administration areas inside or outside the fenced production 

areas. The primary radiation exposure pathways are inhalation of airborne radionuclides and 

exposure to direct radiation from materials in the process plants and radioactive waste storage areas.

Due to the various locations of radiation sources at FMPC, the dose that was received by the worker 

is highly dependent on the amount of time spent in specific work areas. For dose reconstruction, the 

FMPC Occupational Environmental Dose TBD has divided FMPC into 11 smaller areas, designated 

as Exposure Areas (EAs), on a grid that provides a realistic estimated representation of radiological 

conditions where claimants might have worked.

The technical basis for occupational environmental internal dose is presented as airborne radionuclide 

concentrations and annual uptakes of individuals, and direct radiation exposure is provided as annual 

exposure to ambient radiation in millirem in each EA from 1951 to 2012.

From 1951 through 1988, the FMPC production years, airborne radionuclide concentrations were 

derived from routine emissions from operations, including handling and storage of radioactive wastes. 

From 1989 on, after the end of uranium production, emission quantities from specific remediation and 

decommissioning activities are not readily available. The resulting radionuclide concentration was 

derived using environmental air monitoring data from the annual site environmental reports.

Direct radiation dose is the result of photon radiation (i.e., gamma and X-rays) emitted from 

radionuclides stored on the site. The ambient direct radiation field at FMPC was developed primarily 

from the waste stored in the K-65 silos and the materials FMPC handled in the radioactive waste pit 

area.

ORAUT 2015 also provides discussion and summary information on the radon sources at FMPC, and 

a method for evaluating personnel radon exposure records.

Section 5.0, Occupational Internal Dose (ORAUT 2016), discusses the internal dosimetry program at 

the Fernald site and which radionuclides can or cannot be evaluated within the context of the 

approved SECs. Internal doses were highly dependent on specific plants and operations and are 

discussed on a location-specific basis in relation to Section 2.0, the Site Description. Each process 

involved some releases that could have resulted in uptakes and internal dose. ORAUT 2016 

discusses the in vitro minimum detectable activities (MDAs), the analytical methods, and the reporting 

protocols for the radionuclides at Fernald. In addition, ORAUT 2016 discusses the in vivo MDAs, the 

analytical methods, and the reporting protocols. 

Section 5.0 also addresses the issue of potential missed internal dose and coworker dose for 

unmonitored workers. It discusses the changing radiation detection techniques and equipment at 

Fernald during the period of interest.

Section 6.0, Occupational External Dose (ORAUT 2014c), discusses the program for measuring skin 

and whole-body doses to the workers from radiation sources outside the body. The methods for 

evaluating external doses to workers have also evolved over the years as new techniques and 

equipment have been developed. In addition, concepts in radiation protection have changed. As in 

the internal dose discussion, Section 6.0 describes the potential for missed external dose and 

provides coworker dose for unmonitored workers.

Occupational external radiation exposure occurred at every manufacturing and waste storage building 

on the FMPC site. The major contributors to external dose were plants that contained large 

inventories of raw materials, finished products, or wastes and the radioactive elements in those 

materials. The products were uranium metals, some containing technetium when recycled uranium 
Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0017-1 Revision No. 02 Effective Date: 08/05/2016 Page 11 of 12

 

was introduced. Thorium also was handled and stored at FMPC. The wastes included those from the 

production processes along with radium from materials that were stored in concrete silos. 

Additionally, from 1955 until 1978, a variety of neutron sources were used to perform analytical 

neutron activation analysis procedures, which are further described in Section 6.0.

Early dosimetry programs complied with the precedents established by the Oak Ridge Reservation 

and used Oak Ridge dosimeters until FMPC converted to a commercial DOE accredited system. By 

that time the FMPC mission had changed; for all practical purposes, production had ceased and 

planning for the retirement of plants had started. Since that time, worker exposures have been well 

within established limits.

1.3 ATTRIBUTIONS AND ANNOTATIONS

All information requiring identification was addressed via references integrated into the reference 

section of this document.
Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0017-1 Revision No. 02 Effective Date: 08/05/2016 Page 12 of 12

REFERENCES

NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health), 2002, Internal Dose Reconstruction 

Implementation Guideline, OCAS-IG-002, Rev. 0, Office of Compensation Analysis and 

Support, Cincinnati, Ohio, August 1.

NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety), 2007, External Dose Reconstruction 

Implementation Guideline, OCAS-IG-001, Rev. 3, Office of Compensation Analysis and 

Support, Cincinnati, Ohio, November 21.

NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health), 2010, Radiation Exposures Covered 

for Dose Reconstructions Under Part B of the Energy Employees Occupational Illness 

Compensation Program Act, DCAS-IG-003, Rev. 1, Division of Compensation Analysis and 

Support, Cincinnati, Ohio, October 5.

ORAUT (Oak Ridge Associated Universities Team), 2014a, Feed Materials Production Center – Site 

Description, ORAUT-TKBS-0017-2, Rev. 01, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, March 31.

ORAUT (Oak Ridge Associated Universities Team), 2014b, Fernald Environmental Management 

Project – Occupational Medical Dose, ORAUT-TKBS-0017-3, Rev. 01, Oak Ridge, 

Tennessee, January 2.

ORAUT (Oak Ridge Associated Universities Team), 2014c, Feed Materials Production Center –

Occupational External Dose, ORAUT-TKBS-0017-6, Rev. 01, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, March 

25.

ORAUT (Oak Ridge Associated Universities Team), 2015, Feed Materials Production Center –

Occupational Environmental Dose, ORAUT-TKBS-0017-4, Rev. 03, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 

December 3.

ORAUT (Oak Ridge Associated Universities Team), 2016, Feed Materials Production Center –

Occupational Internal Dose, ORAUT-TKBS-0017-5, Rev. 01, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, July 22.

Sebelius, K. 2012, HHS Designation of Additional Members of the Special Exposure Cohort under the 

Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000, Designating a 

Class of Employees from Feed Materials Production Center (FMPC), Fernald, Ohio, U.S. 

Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Secretary, Washington, D.C., 

June 27. [SRDB Ref ID: 129894]

Sebelius, K. 2013a, HHS Designation of Additional Members of the Special Exposure Cohort under 

the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000, Designating 

a Class of Employees from Feed Materials Production Center (FMPC), 1954–1967, Fernald, 

Ohio, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Secretary, Washington, 

D.C., September 30. [SRDB Ref ID: 127923]

Sebelius, K. 2013b, HHS Designation of Additional Members of the Special Exposure Cohort under 

the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000, Designating 

a Class of Employees from Feed Materials Production Center (FMPC), 1951–1983, Fernald, 

Ohio, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Secretary, Washington, 

D.C., September 30. [SRDB Ref ID: 129961]