J-A05043-19

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

IN THE INTEREST OF: M.B., A 

MINOR

APPEAL OF: M.B.

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 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 605 WDA 2018

Appeal from the Dispositional Order November 14, 2017

In the Court of Common Pleas of Crawford County Criminal Division at 

No(s): CP-20-JV-0000123-2016

BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J.E., SHOGAN, J., and MURRAY, J.

MEMORANDUM BY MURRAY, J.: FILED FEBRUARY 11, 2019

M.B. (Appellant) appeals from the Juvenile Court’s dispositional order 

entered after it adjudicated Appellant delinquent of attempted rape, 

attempted sexual assault, indecent assault, terroristic threats, indecent 

exposure, simple assault, and open lewdness.

1

 We affirm.

The adjudication hearing occurred on November 1, 2017. H.F. (Victim) 

testified to meeting Appellant when she moved into his neighborhood. N.T., 

11/1/17, at 14. She stated that she and Appellant were “just friends.” Id. at 

44. On November 6, 2016, the Victim was 15 years old and Appellant was 14 

years old. The Victim was riding her bicycle past Appellant’s home during the 

early evening when she saw Appellant standing outside. The Victim testified 

that she “stopped and wanted to talk to” Appellant. Id. at 17. The Victim 

____________________________________________

1 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 901/3121(a), 901/3124.1, 3126, 2706(a), 3127(a),

2701(a), and 5901, respectively.
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stated that she was talking to Appellant when he “pulled” her from her bicycle

onto the ground, and “tried choking” her. Id. at 18-20. She explained:

I got him off of me at one point, and then he went back onto me 

and he started choking me. And I tried to scream for help, and I 

kept on yelling. He covered my mouth, told me to shut up or he 

would kill me. . . . I kept on trying to move my head away from 

[Appellant’s hand] at first, until [] like the third or fourth time that 

he was covering my mouth from me screaming, that I bit him 

down on his hand. I know I took a chunk out.

Id. at 21-22. The Victim testified that her throat “hurt” when Appellant 

choked her. Id. at 22. She also relayed that Appellant “told me to shut up 

or he’ll kill me. Or if I tell anyone, he would kill me.” Id. at 23. The Victim 

further stated that after pulling down her pants and his own, Appellant:

was trying to hump me. And I crossed my legs over each other, 

and I kept on trying to make sure he couldn’t get it into me or 

anything. And he got on top of me, and I kept on making sure 

that he couldn’t. And he finished like humping me, and he sat 

there and got up, pulled up his – he sat there and started putting 

his [penis] away and then like zipping up his pants, buttoning it 

and fixing his belt and then he ran off.

Id. at 25.

The Victim clarified that Appellant’s penis touched her skin, “that was 

it.” Id. at 26. The Victim then fled home on her bicycle and once she was 

inside her home, “started yelling, [Appellant] just raped me and I don’t know 

what to do, because I was just like lost.” Id. at 28. The Victim’s family 

immediately called the police.

In addition to the Victim, Commonwealth witnesses included the Victim’s 

mother, the Intake Supervisor at Crawford County Human Services, a 
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Pennsylvania State Police (PSP) scientist (accepted as an expert in the field of 

forensics and specializing in serology), another PSP scientist (accepted as an 

expert in the field of forensic DNA), PSP Troopers John Michalak and Zakary 

Kosko, and PSP Detective Todd Giliberto. See Juvenile Court Opinion, 

5/29/18, at 3. Exhibits introduced by the Commonwealth, and admitted 

without objection, included police photographs of the Victim taken on the day 

of the incident, her pink underwear, buccal swabs from the Victim and 

Appellant, and a serology report. Id.

Appellant testified on his own behalf. He described the November 6, 

2016 encounter with the Victim:

I stopped to think about what was going on for a minute, 

since I do think stuff over thoroughly and slower than most 

people, being I’m autistic. And then I proceeded to step back a 

couple feet, zip up my pants, and told her this can’t happen. She 

needed to go home, and I would be letting my parents know about 

it.

N.T., 11/1/17, at 140.

Appellant’s mother and father also testified on his behalf, corroborating 

Appellant’s version of events. Also, family cellphone photographs taken the 

day and week following the incident were admitted as defense exhibits. See

Juvenile Court Opinion, 5/29/18, at 3. The Juvenile Court accurately 

recounted:

Defense counsel, in her opening and closing statements, 

contended that the sexual encounter that occurred on November 

6, 2016, had been consensual. There was no evidence supporting 

that contention. On the contrary, [Appellant] maintained 

(unconvincingly) that the Victim had sexually assaulted him, as 
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she had done on a previous occasion. According to him, there was 

no attempt at sexual intercourse. Notably, he first provided this 

version of events only shortly before the hearing, previously 

telling his parents nothing had happened. [Appellant] explained 

that the cut on his hand was from cutting out a pebble lodged 

there when he crashed his bicycle later in the day.

Id. at 5 (citations to notes of testimony omitted).

On this record, the Juvenile Court adjudicated Appellant delinquent of 

the aforementioned offenses, noting that it had “listened very carefully to the 

evidence” and taken notes. N.T., 11/1/17, at 243. The Juvenile Court stated 

that Appellant’s testimony “strains the imagination beyond any possible 

credibility,” while, conversely, the court found that the Victim “was very 

credible.” Id. at 245. The Juvenile Court deferred disposition to November 

14, 2017, when it ordered that Appellant be placed in a secure sex offender 

treatment program.

On November 27, 2017, Appellant filed a timely post-dispositional

motion challenging the sufficiency and weight of the evidence.2 The Juvenile 

Court scheduled a hearing for February 5, 2018. Appellant’s counsel 

requested a continuance and the hearing was rescheduled for April 27, 2018. 

However, on March 28, 2018, Appellant’s counsel presented a motion to cancel 

the hearing because counsel did “not anticipate the Court reversing its finding 

of delinquency.” Counsel expressly requested that “the Court enter an 

appropriate Order so the juvenile may proceed with his Direct Appeal.” The 

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2 The motion was timely because the Clerk of Courts was closed from 

November 23-26, 2017 for the Thanksgiving holiday and weekend. See

Juvenile Court Opinion, 5/29/18, at 2 n.2.
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Juvenile Court granted the motion, with the added handwritten notation that 

“the Juvenile may file a timely Notice of Appeal . . .” Order, 3/29/18. 

Appellant filed this timely appeal, after which the Juvenile Court and Appellant 

complied with Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 1925. Appellant

presents two issues for our review:

1.) WHETHER THERE WAS SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE PRESENTED 

TO PROVE BEYOND A REASONABLE DOUBT THAT 

APPELLANT COMMITTED THE CRIMES OF ATTEMPTED RAPE, 

ATTEMPTED SEXUAL ASSAULT, INDECENT ASSAULT, 

TERRORISTIC THREATS, INDECENT EXPOSURE, SIMPLE

ASSAULT, AND OPEN LEWDNESS AS REQUIRED TO 

SUSTAIN THE ALLEGATION OF DELINQUENCY?

2.) WAS THE COURT’S FINDING APPELLANT DELINQUENT FOR 

THE CRIMES OF ATTEMPTED RAPE, ATTEMPTED SEXUAL 

ASSAULT, INDECENT ASSAULT, TERRORISTIC THREATS, 

INDECENT EXPOSURE, SIMPLE ASSAULT AND OPEN 

LEWDNESS AGAINST THE WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE?

Appellant’s Brief at 6.

Sufficiency of the Evidence

We note at the outset:

When examining a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence

supporting an adjudication of delinquency, this Court employs a 

well-settled standard of review:

When a juvenile is charged with an act that would 

constitute a crime if committed by an adult, the 

Commonwealth must establish the elements of the 

crime by proof beyond a reasonable doubt. When 

considering a challenge to the sufficiency of the 

evidence following an adjudication of delinquency, we 

must review the entire record and view the evidence

in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth. In 

determining whether the Commonwealth presented 
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sufficient evidence to meet its burden of proof, the 

test to be applied is whether, viewing the evidence in 

the light most favorable to the Commonwealth and 

drawing all reasonable inferences therefrom, there is 

sufficient evidence to find every element of the crime 

charged. The Commonwealth may sustain its burden 

of proving every element of the crime beyond a 

reasonable doubt by wholly circumstantial evidence.

The facts and circumstances established by the 

Commonwealth need not be absolutely incompatible 

with a defendant’s innocence. Questions of doubt are 

for the hearing judge, unless the evidence is so weak 

that, as a matter of law, no probability of fact can be 

drawn from the combined circumstances established 

by the Commonwealth.

In re V.C., 66 A.3d 341, 348–349 (Pa.Super.2013) (quoting In 

re A.V., 48 A.3d 1251, 1252–1253 (Pa.Super.2012)). The finder 

of fact is free to believe some, all, or none of the evidence

presented. Commonwealth v. Gainer, 7 A.3d 291, 292 

(Pa.Super.2010).

In Interest of J.G., 145 A.3d 1179, 1188 (Pa. Super. 2016).

Instantly, Appellant recognizes that “it is necessary to examine the 

elements of each of the crimes of which Appellant was adjudicated.” 

Appellant’s Brief at 17. With regard to attempted rape and sexual assault:

A person commits an attempt when, with intent to commit a 

specific crime, he does any act which constitutes a substantial 

step toward the commission of that crime.

18 Pa.C.S.A. § 901 (emphasis added).

Appellant argues that “the Commonwealth did not establish that 

Appellant committed an act which constitutes a ‘substantial step toward the 

commission’ of Rape or Sexual Assault.” Appellant’s Brief at 18. He maintains 

that because “the record in the instant case is devoid of any evidence of 
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penetration . . . however slight” the sexual intercourse element for both the 

charges of Attempted Rape and Attempted Sexual Intercourse have not been 

met.” Id. at 18-19. This argument does not make sense. First, Appellant 

was convicted of attempted rape and attempted sexual assault, not 

“attempted sexual intercourse.” See id. at 19. Rape occurs when “the person 

engages in sexual intercourse with a complainant . . . [b]y forcible 

compulsion.” 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3121(a)(1). Sexual assault occurs when the 

person “engages in sexual intercourse or deviate sexual intercourse with a 

complainant without the complainant’s consent.” 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3124.1. As 

noted above, the Victim testified that Appellant pulled her off of her bicycle, 

forced her onto the ground, pulled down the Victim’s pants as well as his own, 

“humped” the Victim and touched his penis to her skin. Thus, the record 

supports a finding that Appellant took a “substantial step” – in this case 

multiple steps – to commit rape and sexual assault.

Appellant also contends that with regard to indecent assault, “there is 

no evidence of record that Appellant touched the sexual or other intimate part” 

of the Victim. Appellant’s Brief at 19. “A person is guilty of indecent assault 

if the person has indecent contact with the complainant, causes the 

complainant to have indecent contact with the person or intentionally causes 

the complainant to come into contact with seminal fluid . . . for the purpose 

of arousing sexual desire in the person or the complainant and: (1) the person 

does so without the complainant’s consent; (2) the person does so by forcible 
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compulsion.” 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3126. In addition to the evidence cited above, 

the Commonwealth presented the testimony of Allison Miller. The Juvenile 

Court accepted Ms. Miller, without objection from Appellant, as an expert in 

DNA forensic science. N.T., 11/1/17, at 87. Ms. Miller testified to testing the 

underpants worn by the Victim at the time of the incident, and matching 

Appellant’s DNA to the sperm recovered from “the crotch panel of the 

underpants.” Id. at 95; Commonwealth Exhibit 8. The evidence was thus 

sufficient to support a finding that Appellant “caused the complainant to have 

indecent contact with the person or intentionally cause[d] the complainant to 

come into contact with seminal fluid.” Appellant’s argument with regard to 

indecent assault is meritless.

Next, Appellant assails the sufficiency of the evidence supporting his 

indecent exposure adjudication. “A person commits indecent exposure if that 

person exposes his or her genitals in any public place or in any place where 

there are present other persons under circumstances in which he or she knows 

or should know that this conduct is likely to offend, affront or alarm.” 18 

Pa.C.S.A. § 3127. Appellant’s entire argument is that the Commonwealth “did 

not present evidence which established beyond a reasonable doubt that 

Appellant knew that the conduct alleged by [the Victim] was likely to offend, 

affront, or alarm [the Victim].” Appellant’s Brief at 20. Because it is simply 

conclusory and undeveloped, Appellant’s argument is waived. See
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Commonwealth v. McMullen, 745 A.2d 683 (Pa. Super. 2000) (holding that 

blanket assertions of error are insufficient to permit meaningful review).

Appellant also claims that the Commonwealth failed to prove that he 

committed simple assault, suggesting that despite the Victim’s mother and 

the State Trooper testifying to observing scratches on the Victim’s body and 

red marks on her neck, the Victim stated that being choked “hurt,

but it didn’t hurt like a lot,” N.T., 11/1/17, at 2, such that the “testimony does 

not meet the requirement that a bodily injury was caused.” Appellant’s Brief 

at 20. The section of the simple assault statute under which Appellant was 

adjudicated reads:

a person is guilty of assault if he:

(1) attempts to cause or intentionally, knowingly or recklessly 

causes bodily injury to another;

18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2701 (emphasis added). In addition to discounting that 

choking, scratching and red marks may constitute bodily injury, Appellant 

disregards the attempt component of the statute. Thus, the evidence of 

Appellant’s actions, as credited by the Juvenile Court, support his adjudication 

of simple assault.

With respect to his adjudication for open lewdness, defined as “any lewd 

act which [a person] knows is likely to be observed by others who would be 

affronted or alarmed,” 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 5901, Appellant again makes an

undeveloped, one-sentence, conclusory argument that “the Commonwealth 

did not present evidence beyond a reasonable doubt Appellant knew that the 
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acts alleged by [the Victim] were likely to affront or alarm her.” Appellant’s 

Brief at 21. Therefore, the claim is waived. McMullen, supra. 

Finally, Appellant “concedes” that the Commonwealth established the 

elements of terroristic threats of which he was adjudicated. See Appellant’s 

Brief at 21. Accordingly, in sum, we find no merit to Appellant’s sufficiency 

claims.

Weight of the Evidence

In his second issue and four total pages of argument, Appellant does 

not individually challenge the weight of the evidence as to his adjudication of 

separate offenses; rather, Appellant states holistically that the Juvenile 

Court’s delinquency finding “for the crimes of Attempted Rape, Attempted 

Sexual Assault, Indecent Assault, Terroristic Threats, Indecent Exposure, 

Simple Assault, and Open Lewdness was against the weight of the evidence 

presented.” Id. Appellant does not cite any case law, and in the body of his 

weight argument simply recites the hearing testimony and maintains that “the 

lower court failed to give appropriate weight to the evidence presented by 

Appellant.” Id.

We note that although Appellant raised the weight issue in his postdispositional motion, he later withdrew that motion, and the Juvenile Court 

never ruled on the weight claim. See Pa.R.J.C.P. 620 (providing for postdispositional motions in juvenile delinquency matters). Thereafter, Appellant 

filed his appeal and his Rule 1925(b) concise statement, but did not include a 
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weight claim in the statement. We thus find that Appellant’s weight claim is 

waived. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(4)(vii) (issues not raised in the concise 

statement are waived); compare with Interest of J.G., 145 A.3d 1179 (Pa.

Super. 2016) (declining to waive weight challenge where juvenile did not file 

post-dispositional motion but presented weight of evidence claim for first time 

in Rule 1925(b) statement).

Although Appellant failed to preserve his weight claim, we nonetheless 

recognize:

A weight of the evidence claim concedes that the evidence is 

sufficient to sustain the verdict, but seeks a new trial on the 

grounds that the evidence was so one-sided or so weighted in 

favor of acquittal that a guilty verdict shocks one’s sense of 

justice. Thus, we may reverse the juvenile court’s adjudication of 

delinquency only if it is so contrary to the evidence as to shock 

one’s sense of justice. 

In re A.G.C., 142 A.3d 102, 109 (Pa. Super. 2016) (citations omitted). It is 

well-settled that the hearing judge sits as the finder of fact, and the weight to 

be assigned the testimony of the witnesses is within the exclusive province of 

the fact finder. In re R.D., 44 A.3d 657, 664 (Pa. Super. 2012) (citation 

omitted). Instantly, the Juvenile Court expressly and repeatedly found the 

Victim’s testimony “to be very credible,” see, e.g., N.T., 11/1/17, at 245, and

our review of the record reveals nothing that would shock one’s sense of 

justice.

Order affirmed.
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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 2/11/2019