NOT FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

JING WU, et al.,

Petitioners,

 v. 

MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney 

General,

Respondent.

No. 23-65

Agency Nos. A205-190-073

A205-190-074

A205-190-075

MEMORANDUM*

On Petition for Review of an Order of the

Board of Immigration Appeals

Submitted February 14, 2024**

Pasadena, California

Before: TALLMAN, CALLAHAN, Circuit Judges, and LASNIK,*** District 

Judge.

Jing Wu, a native and citizen of China, appeals the Board of Immigration 

Appeals’ (“BIA”) order affirming the Immigration Judge’s (“IJ”) order denying

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent 

except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision 

without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).

*** The Honorable Robert S. Lasnik, United States District Judge for the 

Western District of Washington, sitting by designation.

FILED

FEB 20 2024

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
2

Wu’s application for asylum, withholding of removal, and protection under the 

Convention Against Torture (“CAT”) based on an adverse credibility 

determination.

1 Because the parties are familiar with the facts, we do not recount 

them here. We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(1), and we deny the 

petition. 

The central question is whether substantial evidence supports the IJ’s adverse 

credibility determination. We review credibility determinations for substantial 

evidence, affirming the agency’s findings unless “any reasonable adjudicator would 

be compelled to conclude to the contrary.” Iman v. Barr, 972 F.3d 1058, 1064 (9th 

Cir. 2020) (quotations omitted).

Here, the IJ found that although Wu’s testimony was generally consistent, she 

had a “pattern of providing vague, unresponsive, and confusing testimony, followed 

by a sudden explanation,” which undermined her credibility. The IJ’s decision is 

supported by substantial evidence. Regarding Wu’s 2005 abortion certificate, Wu 

initially testified that the only document she had memorializing the abortion was 

produced in 2012. After lengthy questioning and several vague answers, Wu 

1 Wu filed an affirmative application for asylum with the Department of Homeland 

Security, listing her husband, Hongyi Wang, and their daughter, Ziyang Wang, as 

derivative applicants. Derivative applicants’ eligibly for relief is predicated on the 

success of the lead applicant’s claims. See Immigration and Nationality Act 

(“INA”) § 208(b)(3), 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(3)(A). Accordingly, this memorandum 

disposition addresses only Wu’s individual claims for relief and protection as she 

is the lead applicant, but it applies to all applicants.
3

explained that she was given a document at the end of her procedure, but the director 

of the family planning clinic took it because she “didn’t have a purse to put it in.” 

Wu testified that she did not get a copy of the document, nor did she request one. 

When asked about the abortion certificate that her mother obtained in 2012, Wu 

initially testified that her mother asked for “help from a lot of people” to obtain the 

certificate. After being asked to clarify several times what she meant by “help,” Wu 

said she did not know how her mother obtained the certificate and that she never 

asked, but later explained that her mother presented Wu’s national identification and 

obtained a copy of the abortion record. Wu never explained how her mother 

obtained Wu’s national identification or how she obtained the record without Wu 

being present.

Wu also gave inconsistent testimony regarding her marriage dates. Wu does 

not dispute the inconsistency, but instead argues that the inconsistency may not 

support an adverse credibility determination, sta. The BIA acknowledged, and we 

agree, that the inconsistency alone is insufficient to undermine Wu’s credibility, but 

when viewed in light of the totality of the circumstances, the testimony is not 

credible. See Alam v. Garland, 11 F.4th 1133, 1135 (9th Cir. 2021) (allowing this 

Court to consider any inconsistency, regardless of whether it goes to the “heart of 

the claim”) (quotations omitted).
4

There are several additional examples where Wu gave vague and inconsistent

answers. Wu initially testified that she lost her medical records when she moved 

and denied that her family in China could help her receive these records, yet she was 

able to provide an abortion certificate from 2012. Wu also gave inconsistent 

testimony to the asylum officer, admittedly lied on her visa application, and 

submitted inaccurate information on her asylum application. Considering the 

totality of the circumstances, substantial evidence supports the IJ’s adverse 

credibility determination. 

Wu also failed to corroborate her testimony. Jie Cui v. Holder, 712 F.3d 1332, 

1336 (9th Cir. 2013)(“If the trier of fact either does not believe the applicant or does 

not know what to believe, the applicant’s failure to corroborate testimony can be 

fatal to his asylum application.”) (quoting Sidhu v. I.N.S., 220 F.3d 1085, 1090 (9th 

Cir. 2000)). IJsretain broad discretion to determine the authenticity of a document.

Vatyan v. Mukasey, 508 F.3d 1179, 1185 (9th Cir. 2007). The IJ reasonably gave 

little weight to the 2012 abortion document because it was not contemporaneous and 

was produced under questionable circumstances. Similarly, the letter from Wu’s 

mother cannot corroborate the abortion because she was not present. Regarding the 

sterilization notice, the IJ questioned the notice’s authenticity, particularly because 

the notice listed the date of birth of Wu’s second child. See Vatyan, 508 F.3d at

1185 n.4 (“‘[A]n IJ need not accept all documents as authentic nor credit 
5

documentary submissions without careful scrutiny’ so long as the rejection is 

‘premised on more than a guess or surmise.’”) (alteration in original) (quotation 

omitted). Wu failed to produce sufficient documentary evidence corroborating her 

claim.

Because Wu’s testimony was not credible, she failed to establish eligibility 

for asylum and withholding of removal. Pedro–Mateo v. INS, 224 F.3d 1147, 1150 

(9th Cir. 2000). The remaining objective evidence is insufficient to justify relief 

under CAT. Yali Wang v. Sessions, 861 F.3d 1003, 1009 (9th Cir. 2017).

Therefore, the record does not compel us to reverse the IJ’s credibility 

determination, and in turn, we find that substantial evidence supports the BIA’s 

denial of all three of Wu’s claims for relief. 

PETITION DENIED.