SECOND DI VI SI ON

DOYLE, C. J.

, M I LLER, P. J.

, and REESE, J.

N O T IC E : M otions for r e c ons i de r a tion m us t be

ph y sic a l ly r e ce iv ed i n our c le r k ’s offic e w ithin te n

da y s of the da te of de c is ion to be de e m ed tim e ly file d.

http://w w w .ga a ppe a l s .us /r ule s

M ay 15, 2017



# I n th e Co u r t o f

A p p eals o f

G eo r g ia

A1 7 A0 61 1 ; A1 7 A0 7 8 3 . J OHNSON v . THE STATE.

M I LLE R , Pres i d i n g J u d g e.

Aft er J o s h u a J o h n so n was i n d i ct ed fo r arm ed ro b b ery (OCGA § 1 6 -8 -4 1 ),

ag g rav at ed as s au l t (OCGA § 1 6 -5 -2 1 ), an d m i s d e m ean o r o b st ru ct io n o f a l aw

en fo rcem en t o ffi cer (OCGA § 16 -1 0 -2 4 ), d efen se co u n sel req u es t ed an ev al u at i o n o f

J o h n so n ’ s c o m

p et en cy

. Th e t ri al co u rt o rd ered a p s y ch ol o g i cal ev al u at i o n

, h el d a

h eari n g as req u i red b y S

el l v. Un i ted S t a tes

, 5 3 9 U. S. 1 66 (1 2 3 SCt 2 1 7 4

, 15 6 LE2 d

1 9 7 ) (2 0 0 3 ), an d ord ered Jo h n s o n b e i n v o l u nt ari l y m ed i cat ed i n o rd er t o m ak e h i m

co m p et en t t o s t a n d t ri al

. Jo h n s o n n o w ap p eal s

, arg u i n g t h at t h e t ri al co u rt fai l ed to

fo l l o w t h e t es t u n d er S

el l . Fo r t h e reas o n s t hat fo ll ow, we ag ree an d v acat e t h e t ri al

co u rt ’ s o rd er an d rem an d t h e cas e fo r fu rt h er p ro ceed i n gs

.In S

el l

,

t h e Su p rem e Co u rt o f t h e Un i t ed St at es e s t ab l i s h ed a fo u r-p art t es t fo r

d et erm i ni n g t h e rare i n s t an ces wh en i t i s co n s t i t u t i o n al l y p erm i s s i b l e t o

i n v o l u n t ari l y m ed i cat e a m en t al l y i l l cri m i n al d efen d an t f o r t h e s ol e

p u rp o s e o f m ak i n g h i m co m p et en t t o s t an d t ri al

.

(Ci t at i o n s an d p un ct u at i o n o m i t t ed .) W a r r en v. S t a t e

, 2 9 7 Ga. 8 10

, 8 12 (1 ) (7 7 8 SE2 d

7 4 9 ) (2 0 1 5 ).

[T] h e fi rs t p art o f t h e [ Sel l ] t es t g en eral l y pres en t s a l eg al qu es t i o n an d

t h u s s h o u l d b e rev i ewed d e n o v o on ap peal

, wh i l e t h e rem ai n i ng t h ree

p art s p res en t p ri m ari l y fact u al q u es t i on s an d t h u s s h ou l d b e rev i ewed

o n l y fo r cl ear erro r b y

t h e t ri al co u rt

.

(Ci t at i o n s an d fo o t n o t e o m i t t ed .) Id

.

So v iewed

, th e ev id en ce s h o ws t h at J o hn s o n was i n d i ct ed i n Oct o ber 2 0 1 5

. On

Feb ru ary 1

, 2 0 1 6

, at t h e req u es t o f d efe n s e c o un s el

, t h e t ri al co u rt o rd ered t h e

Geo rg i a Dep art m en t o f Beh av io ral Heal t h an d D ev el o p m en t al Di s ab i l i t i es

(“ Dep art m en t o f Beh av i o ral Heal t h ”) t o co n du ct an ev a l u at i o n of J o h n s o n ’ s

co m p et en cy t o s t an d t ri al as wel l as h i s cri m i n al res po n s i b i li t y at t h e t im e o f t h e

al l eg ed act s

.

2A p s y ch iat ri s t

, Deep t i V a t s

, i n t erv i ewed J o h n s on i n Feb ru ary 2 0 1 6 an d

d et erm i n ed t h at Jo h ns o n i s i n co m pet en t t o s t an d t ri al

. No t ab l y

, Dr. Vat s rep o rt ed t h at

wh en J o h n s o n was fi rs t b ro u g h t i n t o t h e j ai l h e h ad “ s l u rred an d s carce sp eech wi th

a t an g en t i al t h o u g h t p ro ces s

. He res p o nd ed b y g iv i ng i n ap p ro p ri at e an s wers an d

m ak i n g i n ap p ro p ri at e ex p res s i o n s

. [ H ] e h ad a h i s to ry o f b ei n g o n m ed i cat i o n s

, b ut

was n ot cu rren t l y p res cri b ed an y m ed i cat i o n s .”

Dr. Vat s di ag n o s ed J o h n so n wi t h s ch izo p h ren ia s p ect ru m an d o t h er p s y ch o t i c

d i s o rd ers

, an d h e rep o rt ed t hat J o h n s o n had t ak en th e an t i -p s y ch o t i c m ed i cat i on s

Hal d o l an d Ri s p erd al i n t h e p as t

. Dr. V at s al s o rep o rt ed t h at J o hn s o n h as d el u s i on s

o f g ran d eu r an d s y m

p t o m s o f m en t al i l l n es s ch aract eri zed b y h i s d el us i o n s ; h i s

s y m p to m s s eri ou s ly i m

p ai r h i s co m

p et en cy t o s tan d t ri al ; an d h e l ack s t h e ab i l i t y to

as s i s t h is at t o rn ey b ecau s e h e can n o t pro v i de an acco u n t in g o f h i s act i o n s wi t h res p ect

t o t h e ch arg ed cri m es

. Dr. Vat s co ncl u d ed t h at

, “ t o a reas o n ab l e d eg ree o f m ed i cal

cert ai n ty ,” J o h n s o n i s n o t co m p et en t t o s t an d t ri al

. Dr. Vat s al s o fo u n d t hat n o t h i n g

d u ri n g t h e i n t erv i ew s ug g es t ed t h at J o hn s o n w as m a l i n g e r i n g o r fak i n g ei t h er

i n co m pet en ce o r i ns an i t y

.

M o re t h an s i x m on t h s aft er Dr. Vat s d et erm in ed t h at J o h n s o n w as i nco m p et en t

t o s t an d t ri al

, t h e t ri al co u rt h el d t h e S el l h eari n g at i s s u e i n t h i s cas e. At t h e h eari n g,

3t h e St at e p res en t ed th e t es ti m o n y o f t wo wi t n es s es

, Ps y ch o l o g i s t Am y Gam b o w an d

Ps y ch i at ri s t Kel l y Co ffm an Nei t h er D r. Vat s n o r D r

. K o s t er t es t i fi ed at t h e S el l

Heari n g

. 1

Dr. Gam b o w i s a p o s t -d o c t o ral fel l o w i n cl in i cal p s y ch o l o g y

. Al t h o u g h Dr.

Gam b o w i s n ot y et Bo ard Cert i fi ed o r l i cen s ed to p ract i ce as a ps y ch o l o g i s t in

Geo rg i a, t h e t ri al co u rt al l o wed h er t o tes t ify as an ex p ert o v er d efen s e c o u n sel ’ s

o b ject i on

. Dr. G am

bo w t es t i fi ed t h at s h e w o rk s fo r t h e p s y ch iat ry an d l aw s erv i ce,

wh i ch ru n s t h e “ i n -jai l res t orat i on p ro g ram wi t h i n t h e Fu l to n Co u n t y jai l ” (h erei n aft er

t h e “ Pro g ram ”), an d s h e p ro v i d es cl i n i cal s erv i ces t o i n m at es

, l i k e J o h n s o n

, wh o are

fo u n d i n co m

p et en t t o s t an d t ri al

.

Dr. Gam b o w fi rs t m et wi t h an d ex am i n ed J o h n s o n b eg i n n in g i n March 2 0 1 6,

s h e rev i ewed h i s m ed i cal reco rd s fro m t h e j ai l

, an d s h e det erm in ed t h at J oh n s o n was

a g oo d can d i dat e f

o r t h e Pro g ram

. J oh n s o n en t ered t h e Pro gram o n A pri l 2 7

, 2 0 1 6,

an d p art i ci p at ed i n gro up s e s s io n s fo r t h e fi rs t t w o d ay s

, h o wev er, J o h n s o n refu s ed

t o part ici p at e i n t h e Pro g ram aft er t h at t i m e, s o h e was tran s ferred o u t o f t h e Pro g ram

o n Ju n e 1

, 2 0 1 6. J o hn s on refu s ed t o t ak e an y an t i p s y ch o t i c m ed i cat i o n s t h ro u g h t h i s

1 Acco rd i ng t o t h e t ri al co u rt ’ s o rd er i n t h i s cas e, an o th er p sy ch i at ri s t, Fel i ci t as

Ko s ter, al s o ev al u at ed J o h n s o n an d d et erm in ed t h at he i s n o t co m pet en t t o s t an d t ri al

. Dr. Ko s t er’ s fu l l rep o rt i s n o t p art o f t h e reco rd o n ap p eal

.

4t i m e. D r. Gam b ow t es t i fi ed t h at J o h n s o n i s s ch i zo p hren i c, b u t s h e co u l d n o t an s wer

t h e St at e’ s q u es t i o n reg ard i n g t he t yp e o f m ed i cat i o n Jo h ns o n sh o ul d b e g i v en

b ecau s e m ed icat i o n i s n o t h er area o f ex pert i s e.

Dr. Co ffm an

, t h e o n ly o t h er wi t n es s wh o t es t i fi ed at t h e S el l heari ng

, i s a Bo ard

cert ifi ed p s y ch i at ri s t an d as s i st an t p ro fes so r at E m o ry Un iv ers i t y

, sp eci al i zi n g in

fo ren s i c ps y ch i at ry

. Dr. Co ffm an s erv es as t he m ed i cal d i rect o r o f t h e Pro g ram

, s h e

p erfo rm s co u rt -o rd ered e va lua tions f or F ulton C ounty

, a nd sh e su p erv is es t h e fo ren s i c

p s y ch i at ry

fel lo w s i n t h ei r m ed i cal t reat m en t o f i n m at es i n t h e Pro gram

.

W h i l e J oh n s on w as i n t h e P r o g ram

, D r. Co ffm an p eri o d i cal l y an d b ri efl y

ch eck ed -i n wi t h J o h n s o n . Dr. Co ffm an al so m et wi th J o hn s on fo r ab ou t 2 5 m i n u t es

o n Sep t em

b er 15

, ju s t a few d ay s b efo re t h e S el l h eari n g

. Pri o r t o t h a t m e et i n g

, Dr.

Co ff m a n h ad n o t s een J o h n s o n i n “ qu i t e s om e t i m e.” Dr. Co ffm an t es t i fi ed t h at

J o h n so n is s ch i zo ph ren i c, h e i s n o t co m pet en t t o st an d tri al

, an d h e wi l l n ot b eco m e

co m p et en t t o s t an d t ri al wi th ou t m ed i cat i o n

.

Dr. Co ffm an o p in ed t h at an t i p s y ch ot i c dru g s wo u l d l i k el y i m p ro v e J o h n s o n ’ s

s y m p to m s

. Nev ert hel e s s

, Dr. Co ffm an t es t i fi ed t h at J o h n s o n has n o t t ak en an y

m ed i cat i o n fo r at l eas t a y ear, an d D r. Co ffm an ad m i t t ed t h at s h e d i d n o t k n o w

wh et h er J o h n s on has d o n e wel l o n m ed i cat i o n i n t he p as t o r wh at m ed i cat i o n s h e h ad

5p rev i o u s l y t ak en b ecau s e Jo h n so n d i d n o t g i v e t h e d o ct o rs i n t h e Pro g ram p erm i s s i o n

t o l o o k at h i s h os p it a l r e c o rd s

. Dr. Co ffm an al s o ad m i t t ed th at wi t h ou t J o h n s o n ’ s

m ed i cat i o n h i s t o ry th ere was n o way t o k n o w wh et h er J o hn s o n was at ri s k of h av i n g

an y s i d e effect s

, an d th at t h e ad m i ni s trat i o n o f an ti p s y ch o t i c m ed i cat i o n s co u l d n ot

b e ju s t i fi ed o n an y

g ro u n d s o t h er t h an co m

p et en cy

.

Al t h ou g h Dr. Co ffm an t es t i fi ed t h at t h ere are s ev eral m ed i cat i on s u s ed t o t reat

s ch i zo p h ren i a, s he d i d n o t p ro v id e an y t es t i m o n y reg ard i n g a p ro p os ed t reat m en t p l an

fo r J o h n s o n

, s u ch as t h e p r o p er d o s ag es o f t h es e m ed i ci n es

, h o w lo n g each

m ed i cat i o n s s h o u l d b e t ri ed

, wh at sh o u ld b e do n e i f J oh n so n d ev el op ed s i d e effect s

fro m an y o f t h e m ed i cat i o n s

, o r wh et h er cert ai n m ed i cat i o n s a r e m ed i cal l y

ap p ro p ri at e fo r J o h n s o n

.

Fo l l owi n g t h e S

el l h eari n g

, t h e t ri al co u rt en t ered an ord er (h erei naft er t h e

“ Fi rs t Ord er”) i n wh i ch i t fo u n d t h at J o h n s o n i s n o t co m p et en t t o s t an d t ri al an d

o rd ered th at he b e i n v ol u n t ari l y m ed i cat ed

. In i t s o r d e r

, t he t ri al co urt ad o p t ed an

u n s i g n ed an d un au t hen t i cat ed t wo -p ag e “ Pro p o s ed Tr e a t m e nt Pl an ” wh i ch i s n ot

o t h erwi s e a p art o f t h e reco rd o n ap p eal an d was n o t ad m i t t ed at t he S el l h eari n g

. 2

2 T h e t r i a l co u rt n ot ed i n i t s o rd er t h at t h e Pro p o s ed Treat m en t Pl an was

p rep ared b y a d o ct o r, Dr. Ko s t er Th e reco rd s h o ws th at Dr. Ko st er was a fel l ow i n t h e

Pro g ram

, h o wev er, Dr. Ko s t er d i d n o t t es t i fy at t h e S el l h eari ng

, an d n o ev i d en ce was

6J o h n s o n fi l ed an ap peal o f t he Fi rs t Ord er, wh i ch fo rm s t h e b as i s o f t h e ap p eal

i n Cas e No

. A1 7 A0 6 1 1. He al s o s o u g h t an em erg en cy s t ay o f t h at o rd er, w h i ch t h i s

Co u r t g r an t ed

. T h ereaft er, u p o n t h e St at e’ s m o t i o n

, an d wi t h o u t h ol d i n g a n ew

h eari n g

, t h e t ri al co u rt e n t ered a rev i s ed o rd er (h erei n aft er t h e “ Rev i s ed Ord er”),

p ro v id i n g t h at J o h n s o n b e fo rci b l y m ed icat ed t o res t o re h i s co m p et en cy fo r t ri al

. 3

J o h n so n ’ s ap p eal fro m

t h e Rev i s ed Ord er fo rm s t h e b as i s o f t h e ap p eal i n Cas e No

.

A1 7 A0 78 3

.

Up o n a th o ro u g h rev i ew o f th e l im i t ed reco rd i n bo t h o f t h es e ap p eal s

, we fi n d

t h at t h e Rev i s ed Ord er i s wh o ll y i n su ffi ci en t u nd er S el l t o su p p o r t t h e t ri al co urt ’ s

co n cl u s i o n t h at J o hn s o n can b e i n v o l u n t ary m ed i cat ed fo r th e s o l e p u rp o s e o f m ak i n g

h i m m en t al l y co m p et en t t o s t an d t ri al

.

In Cas e N o

. A1 7 A0 7 8 3

, Jo h ns o n arg u es th at t h e t ri al co u rt fai l ed t o fo l l o w t h e

fo u r-p art S

el l t es t i n i t s Rev i s ed Ord er wh en i t ord ered t h at h e b e fo rci b l y m ed i cat ed

ad m i t t ed at t h e h eari n g reg ard i n g h er cred en t i al s

.

3 J o h n s o n ’ s arg um en t t hat t h e tri al co u rt l ack ed ju ri s di ct i o n t o en t er t h e Rev i s ed

Ord er i s m eri t l es s

. T h e t ri al co u rt m ai n t a i n s ju r i s d i ct i o n o v er t h e i n ju n ct i v e rel i ef

g ran t ed to t h e St at e, i n cl u di ng an y m o d i fi cat i o n o r s t ay o f t h at rel i ef. See W a r r en

, 2 9 7

Ga. at 8 3 3 (3 ) (b ) (“ e i t h e r t h e g o v ern m en t o r t h e d efen d an t m ay m o v e t o rev i s e t h e

co u rt ’ s S el l o rd er if ci rcu m s t an ces ch an g e d u ri n g a d efen d an t ’ s t reat m en t ”); OCGA

§ 5 -6 -4 5 (a) (n o ti ce o f ap p eal act s as s u p ers ed ea s o n l y i n cri m i n al cas es “ wh ere a

s en t en ce o f d eat h h as b een i m p o s ed o r wh ere t h e d efen d an t i s ad m i t t ed t o b ai l ”).

7t o res t o re h i s co m p et en cy fo r t ri al

. 4 W e ag ree b ecau s e th e Rev i s ed Ord er i s

i n s u ffi ci en t t o j u s t i fy J oh n s on ’ s i n v o lu n tar y m e d icat i o n fo r t h e s o l e pu rp o s e o f

m ak i n g h i m

m en tal ly co m p et en t t o s t an d t ri al

.

An i n d i v i d u al has a s i g ni fi can t co n s t i t u t i o nal l y pro t ect ed l i b ert y

i n t eres t i n av o i d in g t h e u n wan t ed ad m i n i s t rat i o n o f an t i p s y ch o t i c d ru gs

.

Th e i n t erferen ce is p art i cu l arl y s ev ere wh en

, as i n t h i s c a se, th e

m ed i cat i o n in q u es t i o n i s an an t i p s y ch ot i c, fo r t he u s e o f s u ch

m ed i cat i o n s t h r e at en s an i n d i v i d u al ’ s m en t al

, as wel l as ph y s i cal

,

i n t eg ri ty

. On t h e p h y si cal s i d e, t h ere i s t h e v io l en ce in h eren t i n fo rci bl e

m ed i cat i o n

, co m

p o u n d e d wh en i t co m es t o an ti p s y ch o t i cs by th e

p o s s i b i l i t y o f s eri o u s

, ev en fat al

, si d e effect s

. Bu t i t i s t h e i n v as i o n i n t o

a p ers o n ’ s m en t al s t at e t h at t ru l y d i s ti n g u i sh es an t i ps y ch ot i cs

, a cl as s o f

m ed i cat i o n s ex p res sl y i n t en d ed to al t er t he wi l l a n d t h e m i n d o f th e

s u b ject

.

4 J o h n s o n al s o co n t en d s t h a t t h e t ri al co urt erred b y h ol d in g a S el l h eari n g to

d et erm i n e wh et h er h e s h o u l d b e fo rci b l y m ed i cat ed w i t ho u t J oh n so n hav i n g fi rs t b een

d ecl ared i n co m

p et en t to s t an d t ri al

. W e reject th i s co nt en t i o n, ev en t h o u gh J o h n so n

h as ap p a r e n t l y n o t y et en t ered a p l ea of i n co m p et en cy

, “ [c] o n s t i tu t i o n al g uaran t ees

req u i re t he t ri al co u rt t o i n q ui re i n t o co m p et en cy

. . . if ev i d en ce o f i n co m p et en ce

co m es t o t h e co u rt ’ s at t en t i o n

. ” (Ci t at i o n an d p u n ct u at i on o m i t t ed .) Ja cks on v. S t a t e

, 2 9 4 Ga. 4 3 1

, 4 3 4 (5 ) (7 5 4 SE2 d 3 2 2 ) (2 0 1 4). In t hi s cas e, t h e li m i ted reco rd o n ap p eal

d o es n o t s h o w wh at b eh av i o r J o h n s o n en gag ed in t h at cau s ed d efen s e co u n s el an d t h e

t ri al co u rt t o i n q u ire i n t o h i s co m p et en cy

.

8(Ci t at i o n s an d p u n ct u at i o n o m i t t ed

. ) W a r r en

, s u pra, 2 9 7 Ga. at 83 0 (3 ) (b ).

Co n s eq u en t l y, b e fo re t h e St at e can o b t ai n an o rd er t o i n v o l u n t ari l y m ed i cat e a

d efen d an t

,

t h e St at e m

u st d em o n s t rat e t h e fo l l owi n g: (1 ) i m p o rt an t go v ern m en t al

i n t eres t s ar e at s t ak e; (2 ) in v o l u n t ary m ed i cat i on wi l l s i gn i fi can t l y

fu rt h e r t h o se g ov ern m en t al in t eres ts ; (3 ) i n v o l un t ary m ed i cat io n i s

n eces s ary t o fu rt h er t h o s e g o v ern m en t al i n t e r e s ts ; an d (4 ) th e

ad m i n i s trat io n o f t h e d ru g s t o be u s ed i s m ed ical l y ap p ro p ri at e fo r th e

d efen d an t

.

(Ci t at i o n o m i t t ed .) Id . at 8 1 2 (1 ).

W i t h reg ard t o t he fi rs t el em en t o f t h e S el l t es t

,

t h e Go v ern m en t ’ s i n t eres t i n b ri n g i n g t o t ri al an i n d i v i d u al accu s ed o f

a seri o us cri m e is i m

p o rt an t

. Th at i s s o w het h er t h e o ffen s e is a s eri o u s

cri m e ag ai n s t t h e p ers o n o r a s eri o u s cri m e ag ai n s t p ro p ert y

. In ad d i t i o n

t h e Go v ern m en t h as a s u b s t a n t i a l i nt eres t in ti m el y p ro secu t i o n an d a

co n co m i t an t

, co n s ti t u t i o n al l y es s en t i al i nt eres t i n as s u ri n g t hat th e

d efen d an t ’ s t ri al i s a fai r o n e.

(Ci t at i o n an d p un ct u a t i o n o m i t t ed .) W a r ren

, su p ra, 2 9 7 Ga. at 8 2 6 (3 ) (a). W i th

reg ard t o t h e s eco n d el em en t o f t h e t es t , t h e t ri al co u rt

m u s t fi n d th at ad m i n i s t rat i o n of t h e d ru g s i s s ub s ta n t i a ll y li kel y t o ren d er

t h e d efen dan t co m

p et en t t o s t a n d t r i a l an d

, at t he sam e t i m e, t hat

9ad m i n i s trat io n o f t h e d ru g s i s s u b s t a n t i a l l y u n li kel y t o h av e s i de effect s

t h at wi l l i n t erfere s i g n ifi can t l y wi t h t h e d efen d an t ’ s ab i li t y t o as si s t

co u n s el i n co n d u ct i ng a tri al defen se, th ereb y ren deri ng t h e t ri al u n fai r.

(Ci t at i o n an d p u nct u at io n o m i tt ed ; em p has i s s u p p li ed

. ) Id . at 8 2 8 (3 ) (b ).

Th e t h i rd p art o f t h e S

el l t es t req u i res t h e t r i a l c o u rt t o co n cl ud e t hat

i n v o l u n ta r y m e dic a tion is ne c e ssa

r y to fu rt h er t h e g o v ern m en t al i n t eres t s

i n p ro ceed i n g wi th t he d efen d an t ’ s p ro s ecu ti on

. To reach t h i s

co n cl u s i o n

, t h e co u rt m u s t fi n d t hat an y al t ern at i v e, les s i n t ru s iv e

t reat m en t s are un l i k el y t o ach i ev e s u b s t an t ial l y t he s am e res u lt s

, an d th e

co u rt al s o m

us t co n s i d er l es s i n t r u s i v e m ean s fo r ad m i n i s t eri n g th e

d ru g s

, e.g

., a co u rt o rd er t o th e d efen d an t b ack ed b y t h e co n t em p t

p o wer, b efo re co n s id eri n g m o re i n t ru s i ve m et ho d s

.

((Ci tat i o n an d p u n ct u at i o n o m i t t ed .) W a r ren , s u p ra, 2 9 7 Ga. at 8 33 -8 3 4 (3 ) (c).

“ Th e fo u rt h an d fi n al part o f th e S el l tes t req u i res t h e t ri al co urt to c o n c l u d e

t h at ad m in i s trat i o n o f t h e d ru g s i s m ed i cal l y ap p ro p ri at e, i.e., i n t h e p at i en t ’ s b es t

m ed ic a l inte r e st i n light o f h i s m ed i cal co n d i t i o n .” (Ci t at i o n an d p u n ct u at io n o m i t t ed .)

Id . at 8 3 7 (3 ) (d ).

Here, t h e reco rd s h o ws t h at t h e St at e h as fu n d am en t al l y fai l ed t o m eet i t s

b u rd en u nd er t he fo u r-p art S el l t es t

. W a r r en

, s u p ra, 29 7 G a. at 8 12 (1 ). M o reo v er, t h e

10t ri al co u rt ’ s Rev i s ed Ord er ag ai n fai l s t o pro p erl y ev al u at e t h e fo u r fact o rs n eces s ary

t o o v erco m e J oh n s o n ’ s co n s ti t ut i o n al ly p ro tect ed l i bert y

i n teres t

.

No t ab l y

, th e r e c o r d m erel y s h o ws th at J o h n s o n i s s ch i zo p h ren i c, an d h e h as

rep o rt ed l y t ak en t he an t i -p s y ch ot i c m ed i cat i o n s Hal d o l an d Ri s perd al i n t h e pas t

. Th e

reco rd co n t ai n s n o ev i d en ce reg ard i n g t h e p r op o s ed m ed i cat i o n s an d d o s ag es

reco m m en d ed t o res t ore J o h n s o n ’ s co m p et en cy

, o th er t h an t h e u n s ig n ed an d

u n au th en t i cat ed a p p en d ix t o t h e Rev i s ed O rd er, wh i ch w as ap paren t l y p rep ared by

a fel l o w i n t h e Pro g ram wh o d i d n o t t es ti f y a t t h e S el l h eari n g

. See W

a r r en

, s u p ra,

2 9 7 Ga. at 8 2 8 (3 ) (b ). Mo reo v er, t h e Pro p os ed Treat m en t Pl an d oes n o t s et fo rt h t h e

d u rat i o n fo r wh i ch th e s peci fi ed m ed i cat i o n s wo u l d b e tri ed

, ex cep t t o s tat e t h at t h e

p ro p os ed p ro t o co l wi ll b e en fo rced i n vo l u nt ari l y at 9 0 d ay i n t erv al s. Fi n al l y

, t h ere i s

n o ev i d en ce o r t es t i m o ny i n t h e reco rd t hat th e ad m in i s t rat i o n o f s p eci fi c m ed i cat i on s

i s m ed ical ly ap pro pri at e fo r J o h n s o n o r l i n k i n g sp eci fi c po s si b l e s i d e effect s to

s p eci fi c m ed i cat io n s . See W a r ren , s u p ra, 2 9 7 Ga. at 8 2 8 (3 ) (b ).

W e t h erefo re co n cl u d e t h at t h e Rev is ed Ord er in Cas e No

. A1 7 A0 7 8 3 i s l eg al l y

i n s u ffi ci en t t o j u s t i fy J oh n s on ’ s i n v o lu n t a r y m ed icat i o n fo r t h e s o l e pu rp o s e o f

m ak i n g h i m m en t al l y co m p et en t t o s t an d t ri al

. W

a r r en

, s u p ra, 2 9 7 Ga. at 8 3 8 (4 ).

Co n s eq u en t l y

, we vacat e t h e t r i a l co u rt ’ s Rev i s ed O rd er an d rem an d th e cas e fo r

11fu rt her p ro ceed i ng s co n si s t en t wi t h th i s op i n i o n

, i ncl u d in g a n ew S el l h eari n g i f t h e

S t a t e el ect s on rem an d t o p u rs u e it s m o t i o n fo r i n v ol u nt ary m ed i cat i o n

. See i d

. I n

A1 7 A0 61 1 , we d i s m i s s t h e ap p eal as m o o t

. 5

Ju d g men t va ca t ed a n d ca s e r ema n d ed i n A1 7 A0 7 83

. A p p ea l d i s mi s sed a s mo ot

i n A1 7A0 6 1 1 . Do

yl e, C. J., a n d

Rees e, J., co n cu r

.

5 In l i g h t o f o u r h o l d in g t h at th e Rev i s ed O rd er is i n s uffi ci e n t t o ju s t i fy

J o h n so n ’ s in v o l un t ary m ed icat i o n

, we need n o t ad d res s h is rem ai n i n g en u m erat i on s

o f erro r.

12