115TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION H. R. 5905 

AN ACT 

To authorize basic research programs in the Department 

of Energy Office of Science for fiscal years 2018 and 2019. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
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1 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

2 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 

3 ‘‘Department of Energy Science and Innovation Act of 

4 2018’’. 

5 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 

6 this Act is as follows: 

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 

Sec. 2. Definitions. 

Sec. 3. Mission. 

Sec. 4. Basic energy sciences. 

Sec. 5. Advanced scientific computing research. 

Sec. 6. High energy physics. 

Sec. 7. Biological and environmental research. 

Sec. 8. Fusion energy. 

Sec. 9. Nuclear physics. 

Sec. 10. Science laboratories infrastructure program. 

Sec. 11. Authorization of appropriations. 

7 SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 

8 In this Act: 

9 (1) DEPARTMENT.—The term ‘‘Department’’ 

10 means the Department of Energy. 

11 (2) DIRECTOR.—The term ‘‘Director’’ means 

12 the Director of the Office of Science of the Depart13 ment. 

14 (3) NATIONAL LABORATORY.—The term ‘‘Na15 tional Laboratory’’ has the meaning given that term 

16 in section 2 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 

17 U.S.C. 15801). 

18 (4) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 

19 the Secretary of Energy. 
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1 SEC. 3. MISSION. 

2 Section 209 of the Department of Energy Organiza3 tion Act (42 U.S.C. 7139) is amended by adding at the 

4 end the following: 

5 ‘‘(c) MISSION.—The mission of the Office of Science 

6 shall be the delivery of scientific discoveries, capabilities, 

7 and major scientific tools to transform the understanding 

8 of nature and to advance the energy, economic, and na9 tional security of the United States.’’. 

10 SEC. 4. BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES. 

11 (a) PROGRAM.—The Director shall carry out a pro12 gram in basic energy sciences, including materials sciences 

13 and engineering, chemical sciences, physical biosciences, 

14 and geosciences, for the purpose of providing the scientific 

15 foundations for new energy technologies. 

16 (b) MISSION.—The mission of the program described 

17 in subsection (a) shall be to support fundamental research 

18 to understand, predict, and ultimately control matter and 

19 energy at the electronic, atomic, and molecular levels in 

20 order to provide the foundations for new energy tech21 nologies and to support Department missions in energy, 

22 environment, and national security. 

23 (c) BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES USER FACILITIES.— 

24 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry out 

25 a program for the development, construction, oper26 ation, and maintenance of national user facilities. 
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1 (2) REQUIREMENTS.—To the maximum extent 

2 practicable, the national user facilities developed, 

3 constructed, operated, or maintained under para4 graph (1) shall serve the needs of the Department, 

5 industry, the academic community, and other rel6 evant entities to create and examine materials and 

7 chemical processes for the purpose of improving the 

8 competitiveness of the United States. 

9 (3) INCLUDED FACILITIES.—The national user 

10 facilities developed, constructed, operated, or main11 tained under paragraph (1) shall include— 

12 (A) x-ray light sources; 

13 (B) neutron sources; 

14 (C) nanoscale science research centers; and 

15 (D) such other facilities as the Director 

16 considers appropriate, consistent with section 

17 209 of the Department of Energy Organization 

18 Act (42 U.S.C. 7139). 

19 (d) BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES RESEARCH INFRA20 STRUCTURE.— 

21 (1) ADVANCED PHOTON SOURCE UPGRADE.— 

22 (A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 

23 provide for the upgrade to the Advanced Pho24 ton Source described in the publication ap25 proved by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory 
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1 Committee on June 9, 2016, titled ‘‘Report on 

2 Facility Upgrades’’, including the development 

3 of a multi-bend achromat lattice to produce a 

4 high flux of coherent x-rays within the hard x5 ray energy region and a suite of beamlines opti6 mized for this source. 

7 (B) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph: 

8 (i) FLUX.—The term ‘‘flux’’ means 

9 the rate of flow of photons. 

10 (ii) HARD X-RAY.—The term ‘‘hard x11 ray’’ means a photon with energy greater 

12 than 20 kiloelectron volts. 

13 (C) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Sec14 retary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, 

15 ensure that the start of full operations of the 

16 upgrade under this paragraph occurs before De17 cember 31, 2025. 

18 (D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized 

19 to be appropriated under section 11 for Basic 

20 Energy Sciences, there shall be made available 

21 to the Secretary to carry out the upgrade under 

22 this paragraph— 

23 (i) $93,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; 

24 and 

25 (ii) $130,000,000 for fiscal year 2019. 
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1 (2) SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCE PROTON

2 POWER UPGRADE.— 

3 (A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 

4 provide for a proton power upgrade to the 

5 Spallation Neutron Source. 

6 (B) DEFINITION OF PROTON POWER UP7 GRADE.—For the purposes of this paragraph, 

8 the term ‘‘proton power upgrade’’ means the 

9 Spallation Neutron Source power upgrade de10 scribed in— 

11 (i) the publication of the Office of 

12 Science of the Department of Energy titled 

13 ‘‘Facilities for the Future of Science: A 

14 Twenty-Year Outlook’’, published Decem15 ber 2003; 

16 (ii) the publication of the Office of 

17 Science of the Department of Energy titled 

18 ‘‘Four Years Later: An Interim Report on 

19 Facilities for the Future of Science: A 

20 Twenty-Year Outlook’’, published August 

21 2007; and 

22 (iii) the publication approved by the 

23 Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee 

24 on June 9, 2016, titled ‘‘Report on Facil25 ity Upgrades’’. 
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1 (C) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Sec2 retary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, 

3 ensure that the start of full operations of the 

4 upgrade under this paragraph occurs before De5 cember 31, 2025. 

6 (D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized 

7 to be appropriated under section 11 for Basic 

8 Energy Sciences, there shall be made available 

9 to the Secretary to carry out the upgrade under 

10 this paragraph— 

11 (i) $36,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; 

12 and 

13 (ii) $60,800,000 for fiscal year 2019. 

14 (3) SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCE SECOND

15 TARGET STATION.— 

16 (A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 

17 provide for a second target station for the 

18 Spallation Neutron Source. 

19 (B) DEFINITION OF SECOND TARGET STA20 TION.—For the purposes of this paragraph, the 

21 term ‘‘second target station’’ means the Spall22 ation Neutron Source second target station de23 scribed in— 

24 (i) the publication of the Office of 

25 Science of the Department of Energy titled 
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1 ‘‘Facilities for the Future of Science: A 

2 Twenty-Year Outlook’’, published Decem3 ber 2003; 

4 (ii) the publication of the Office of 

5 Science of the Department of Energy titled 

6 ‘‘Four Years Later: An Interim Report on 

7 Facilities for the Future of Science: A 

8 Twenty-Year Outlook’’, published August 

9 2007; and 

10 (iii) the publication approved by the 

11 Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee 

12 on June 9, 2016, titled ‘‘Report on Facil13 ity Upgrades’’. 

14 (C) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Sec15 retary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, 

16 ensure that the start of full operations of the 

17 second target station under this paragraph oc18 curs before December 31, 2030, with the option 

19 for early operation in 2028. 

20 (D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized 

21 to be appropriated under section 11 for Basic 

22 Energy Sciences, there shall be made available 

23 to the Secretary to carry out activities, includ24 ing construction, under this paragraph— 
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1 (i) $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; 

2 and 

3 (ii) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2019. 

4 (4) ADVANCED LIGHT SOURCE UPGRADE.— 

5 (A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 

6 provide for the upgrade to the Advanced Light 

7 Source described in the publication approved by 

8 the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee 

9 on June 9, 2016, titled ‘‘Report on Facility Up10 grades’’, including the development of a multi11 bend achromat lattice to produce a high flux of 

12 coherent x-rays within the soft x-ray energy re13 gion. 

14 (B) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph: 

15 (i) FLUX.—The term ‘‘flux’’ means 

16 the rate of flow of photons. 

17 (ii) SOFT X-RAY.—The term ‘‘soft x18 ray’’ means a photon with energy in the 

19 range from 50 to 2,000 electron volts. 

20 (C) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Sec21 retary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, 

22 ensure that the start of full operations of the 

23 upgrade under this paragraph occurs before De24 cember 31, 2026. 
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1 (D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized 

2 to be appropriated under section 11 for Basic 

3 Energy Sciences, there shall be made available 

4 to the Secretary to carry out the upgrade under 

5 this paragraph— 

6 (i) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; 

7 and 

8 (ii) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2019. 

9 (5) LINAC COHERENT LIGHT SOURCE II HIGH

10 ENERGY UPGRADE.— 

11 (A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 

12 provide for the upgrade to the Linac Coherent 

13 Light Source II facility described in the publi14 cation approved by the Basic Energy Sciences 

15 Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, titled 

16 ‘‘Report on Facility Upgrades’’, including the 

17 development of experimental capabilities for 

18 high energy x-rays to reveal fundamental sci19 entific discoveries. The Secretary shall ensure 

20 the upgrade under this paragraph enables the 

21 production and use of high energy, ultra-short 

22 pulse x-rays delivered at a high repetition rate. 

23 (B) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph: 

24 (i) HIGH ENERGY X-RAY.—The term a 

25 ‘‘high energy x-ray’’ means a photon with 
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1 an energy at or exceeding 12 kiloelectron 

2 volts. 

3 (ii) HIGH REPETITION RATE.—The 

4 term ‘‘high repetition rate’’ means the de5 livery of x-ray pulses up to 1 million pulses 

6 per second. 

7 (iii) ULTRA-SHORT PULSE X-RAYS.— 

8 The term ‘‘ultra-short pulse x-rays’’ means 

9 x-ray bursts capable of durations of less 

10 than 100 femtoseconds. 

11 (C) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Sec12 retary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, 

13 ensure that the start of full operations of the 

14 upgrade under this paragraph occurs before De15 cember 31, 2025. 

16 (D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized 

17 to be appropriated under section 11 for Basic 

18 Energy Sciences, there shall be made available 

19 to the Secretary to carry out the upgrade under 

20 this paragraph— 

21 (i) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; 

22 and 

23 (ii) $55,000,000 for fiscal year 2019. 

24 (e) ACCELERATOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOP25 MENT.—The Director shall carry out research and devel-
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1 opment on advanced accelerator and storage ring tech2 nologies relevant to the development of Basic Energy 

3 Sciences user facilities, in consultation with the Office of 

4 Science’s High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics pro5 grams. 

6 (f) SOLAR FUELS RESEARCH INITIATIVE.— 

7 (1) IN GENERAL.—Section 973 of the Energy 

8 Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16313) is amended 

9 to read as follows: 

10 ‘‘SEC. 973. SOLAR FUELS RESEARCH INITIATIVE. 

11 ‘‘(a) INITIATIVE.— 

12 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry 

13 out a research initiative, to be known as the ‘Solar 

14 Fuels Research Initiative’ (referred to in this section 

15 as the ‘Initiative’) to expand theoretical and funda16 mental knowledge of photochemistry, electro17 chemistry, biochemistry, and materials science useful 

18 for the practical development of experimental sys19 tems to convert solar energy to chemical energy. 

20 ‘‘(2) LEVERAGING.—In carrying out programs 

21 and activities under the Initiative, the Secretary 

22 shall leverage expertise and resources from— 

23 ‘‘(A) the Basic Energy Sciences Program 

24 and the Biological and Environmental Research 

25 Program of the Office of Science; and 
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1 ‘‘(B) the Office of Energy Efficiency and 

2 Renewable Energy. 

3 ‘‘(3) TEAMS.— 

4 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the 

5 Initiative, the Secretary shall organize activities 

6 among multidisciplinary teams to leverage, to 

7 the maximum extent practicable, expertise from 

8 the National Laboratories, institutions of higher 

9 education, and the private sector. 

10 ‘‘(B) GOALS.—The multidisciplinary teams 

11 described in subparagraph (A) shall pursue ag12 gressive, milestone-driven, basic research goals. 

13 ‘‘(C) RESOURCES.—The Secretary shall 

14 provide sufficient resources to the multidisci15 plinary teams described in subparagraph (A) to 

16 achieve the goals described in subparagraph (B) 

17 over a period of time to be determined by the 

18 Secretary. 

19 ‘‘(4) ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES.—The Secretary 

20 may organize additional activities under this sub21 section through Energy Frontier Research Centers, 

22 Energy Innovation Hubs, or other organizational 

23 structures. 

24 ‘‘(b) ARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS.— 
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1 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry 

2 out under the Initiative a program to support re3 search needed to bridge scientific barriers to, and 

4 discover knowledge relevant to, artificial photosyn5 thetic systems. 

6 ‘‘(2) ACTIVITIES.—As part of the program de7 scribed in paragraph (1)— 

8 ‘‘(A) the Director of the Office of Basic 

9 Energy Sciences shall support basic research to 

10 pursue distinct lines of scientific inquiry, in11 cluding— 

12 ‘‘(i) photoinduced production of hy13 drogen and oxygen from water; and 

14 ‘‘(ii) the sustainable photoinduced re15 duction of carbon dioxide to fuel products 

16 including hydrocarbons, alcohols, carbon 

17 monoxide, and natural gas; and 

18 ‘‘(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy 

19 Efficiency and Renewable Energy shall support 

20 translational research, development, and valida21 tion of physical concepts developed under the 

22 program. 

23 ‘‘(3) STANDARD OF REVIEW.—The Secretary 

24 shall review activities carried out under the program 
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1 described in paragraph (1) to determine the achieve2 ment of technical milestones. 

3 ‘‘(4) FUNDING.— 

4 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—From within funds 

5 authorized to be appropriated under section 11 

6 of the Department of Energy Science and Inno7 vation Act of 2018, for Basic Energy Sciences, 

8 the Secretary shall make available for carrying 

9 out activities under this subsection $50,000,000 

10 for each of fiscal years 2018 through 2019. 

11 ‘‘(B) PROHIBITION.—No funds allocated to 

12 the program described in paragraph (1) may be 

13 obligated or expended for commercial applica14 tion of energy technology. 

15 ‘‘(c) BIOCHEMISTRY, REPLICATION OF NATURAL

16 PHOTOSYNTHESIS, AND RELATED PROCESSES.— 

17 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry 

18 out under the Initiative a program to support re19 search needed to replicate natural photosynthetic 

20 processes by use of artificial photosynthetic compo21 nents and materials. 

22 ‘‘(2) ACTIVITIES.—As part of the program de23 scribed in paragraph (1)— 

24 ‘‘(A) the Director of the Office of Basic 

25 Energy Sciences shall support basic research to 
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1 expand fundamental knowledge to replicate nat2 ural synthesis processes, including— 

3 ‘‘(i) the photoinduced reduction of 

4 dinitrogen to ammonia; 

5 ‘‘(ii) the absorption of carbon dioxide 

6 from ambient air; 

7 ‘‘(iii) molecular-based charge separa8 tion and storage; 

9 ‘‘(iv) photoinitiated electron transfer; 

10 and 

11 ‘‘(v) catalysis in biological or bio12 mimetic systems; 

13 ‘‘(B) the Associate Director of Biological 

14 and Environmental Research shall support sys15 tems biology and genomics approaches to un16 derstand genetic and physiological pathways 

17 connected to photosynthetic mechanisms; and 

18 ‘‘(C) the Assistant Secretary for Energy 

19 Efficiency and Renewable Energy shall support 

20 translational research, development, and valida21 tion of physical concepts developed under the 

22 program. 

23 ‘‘(3) STANDARD OF REVIEW.—The Secretary 

24 shall review activities carried out under the program 
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1 described in paragraph (1) to determine the achieve2 ment of technical milestones. 

3 ‘‘(4) FUNDING.— 

4 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—From within funds 

5 authorized to be appropriated under section 11 

6 of the Department of Energy Science and Inno7 vation Act of 2018, for Basic Energy Sciences 

8 and Biological and Environmental Research, 

9 the Secretary shall make available for carrying 

10 out activities under this subsection $50,000,000 

11 for each of fiscal years 2018 through 2019. 

12 ‘‘(B) PROHIBITION.—No funds allocated to 

13 the program described in paragraph (1) may be 

14 obligated or expended for commercial applica15 tion of energy technology.’’. 

16 (2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The table of 

17 contents for the Energy Policy Act of 2005 is 

18 amended by striking the item relating to section 973 

19 and inserting the following: 

‘‘Sec. 973. Solar fuels research initiative.’’. 

20 (g) ELECTRICITY STORAGE RESEARCH INITIA21 TIVE.— 

22 (1) IN GENERAL.—Section 975 of the Energy 

23 Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16315) is amended 

24 to read as follows: 
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1 ‘‘SEC. 975. ELECTRICITY STORAGE RESEARCH INITIATIVE. 

2 ‘‘(a) INITIATIVE.— 

3 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry 

4 out a research initiative, to be known as the ‘Elec5 tricity Storage Research Initiative’ (referred to in 

6 this section as the ‘Initiative’)— 

7 ‘‘(A) to expand theoretical and funda8 mental knowledge to control, store, and con9 vert— 

10 ‘‘(i) electrical energy to chemical en11 ergy; and 

12 ‘‘(ii) chemical energy to electrical en13 ergy; and 

14 ‘‘(B) to support scientific inquiry into the 

15 practical understanding of chemical and phys16 ical processes that occur within systems involv17 ing crystalline and amorphous solids, polymers, 

18 and organic and aqueous liquids. 

19 ‘‘(2) LEVERAGING.—In carrying out programs 

20 and activities under the Initiative, the Secretary 

21 shall leverage expertise and resources from— 

22 ‘‘(A) the Basic Energy Sciences Program, 

23 the Advanced Scientific Computing Research 

24 Program, and the Biological and Environmental 

25 Research Program of the Office of Science; and 
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1 ‘‘(B) the Office of Energy Efficiency and 

2 Renewable Energy. 

3 ‘‘(3) TEAMS.— 

4 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the 

5 Initiative, the Secretary shall organize activities 

6 among multidisciplinary teams to leverage, to 

7 the maximum extent practicable, expertise from 

8 the National Laboratories, institutions of higher 

9 education, and the private sector. 

10 ‘‘(B) GOALS.—The multidisciplinary teams 

11 described in subparagraph (A) shall pursue ag12 gressive, milestone-driven, basic research goals. 

13 ‘‘(C) RESOURCES.—The Secretary shall 

14 provide sufficient resources to the multidisci15 plinary teams described in subparagraph (A) to 

16 achieve the goals described in subparagraph (B) 

17 over a period of time to be determined by the 

18 Secretary. 

19 ‘‘(4) ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES.—The Secretary 

20 may organize additional activities under this sub21 section through Energy Frontier Research Centers, 

22 Energy Innovation Hubs, or other organizational 

23 structures. 

24 ‘‘(b) MULTIVALENT SYSTEMS.— 
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1 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry 

2 out under the Initiative a program to support re3 search needed to bridge scientific barriers to, and 

4 discover knowledge relevant to, multivalent ion mate5 rials in electric energy storage systems. 

6 ‘‘(2) ACTIVITIES.—As part of the program de7 scribed in paragraph (1)— 

8 ‘‘(A) the Director of the Office of Basic 

9 Energy Sciences shall investigate electro10 chemical properties and the dynamics of mate11 rials, including charge transfer phenomena and 

12 mass transport in materials; and 

13 ‘‘(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy 

14 Efficiency and Renewable Energy shall support 

15 translational research, development, and valida16 tion of physical concepts developed under the 

17 program. 

18 ‘‘(3) STANDARD OF REVIEW.—The Secretary 

19 shall review activities carried out under the program 

20 described in paragraph (1) to determine the achieve21 ment of technical milestones. 

22 ‘‘(4) FUNDING.— 

23 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—From within funds 

24 authorized to be appropriated under section 11 

25 of the Department of Energy Science and Inno-
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1 vation Act of 2018, for Basic Energy Sciences 

2 and Biological and Environmental Research, 

3 the Secretary shall make available for carrying 

4 out activities under this subsection $50,000,000 

5 for each of the fiscal years 2018 through 2019. 

6 ‘‘(B) PROHIBITION.—No funds allocated to 

7 the program described in paragraph (1) may be 

8 obligated or expended for commercial applica9 tion of energy technology. 

10 ‘‘(c) ELECTROCHEMISTRY MODELING AND SIMULA11 TION.— 

12 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry 

13 out under the Initiative a program to support re14 search to model and simulate organic electrolytes, 

15 including the static and dynamic electrochemical be16 havior and phenomena of organic electrolytes at the 

17 molecular and atomic level in monovalent and multi18 valent systems. 

19 ‘‘(2) ACTIVITIES.—As part of the program de20 scribed in paragraph (1)— 

21 ‘‘(A) the Director of the Office of Basic 

22 Energy Sciences, in coordination with the Asso23 ciate Director of Advanced Scientific Com24 puting Research, shall support the development 

25 of high performance computational tools 
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1 through a joint development process to maxi2 mize the effectiveness of current and projected 

3 high performance computing systems; and 

4 ‘‘(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy 

5 Efficiency and Renewable Energy shall support 

6 translational research, development, and valida7 tion of physical concepts developed under the 

8 program. 

9 ‘‘(3) STANDARD OF REVIEW.—The Secretary 

10 shall review activities carried out under the program 

11 described in paragraph (1) to determine the achieve12 ment of technical milestones. 

13 ‘‘(4) FUNDING.— 

14 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—From within funds 

15 authorized to be appropriated under section 11 

16 of the Department of Energy Science and Inno17 vation Act of 2018, for Basic Energy Sciences 

18 and Advanced Scientific Computing Research, 

19 the Secretary shall make available for carrying 

20 out activities under this subsection $30,000,000 

21 for each of the fiscal years 2018 through 2019. 

22 ‘‘(B) PROHIBITION.—No funds allocated to 

23 the program described in paragraph (1) may be 

24 obligated or expended for commercial applica25 tion of energy technology. 
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1 ‘‘(d) MESOSCALE ELECTROCHEMISTRY.— 

2 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry 

3 out under the Initiative a program to support re4 search needed to reveal electrochemistry in confined 

5 mesoscale spaces, including scientific discoveries rel6 evant to— 

7 ‘‘(A) bio-electrochemistry and electro8 chemical energy conversion and storage in con9 fined spaces; and 

10 ‘‘(B) the dynamics of the phenomena de11 scribed in subparagraph (A). 

12 ‘‘(2) ACTIVITIES.—As part of the program de13 scribed in paragraph (1)— 

14 ‘‘(A) the Director of the Office of Basic 

15 Energy Sciences and the Associate Director of 

16 Biological and Environmental Research shall in17 vestigate phenomena of mesoscale electro18 chemical confinement for the purpose of repli19 cating and controlling new electrochemical be20 havior; and 

21 ‘‘(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy 

22 Efficiency and Renewable Energy shall support 

23 translational research, development, and valida24 tion of physical concepts developed under the 

25 program. 
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1 ‘‘(3) STANDARD OF REVIEW.—The Secretary 

2 shall review activities carried out under the program 

3 described in paragraph (1) to determine the achieve4 ment of technical milestones. 

5 ‘‘(4) FUNDING.— 

6 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—From within funds 

7 authorized to be appropriated under section 11 

8 of the Department of Energy Science and Inno9 vation Act of 2018, for Basic Energy Sciences 

10 and Biological and Environmental Research, 

11 the Secretary shall make available for carrying 

12 out activities under this subsection $20,000,000 

13 for each of fiscal years 2018 through 2019. 

14 ‘‘(B) PROHIBITION.—No funds allocated to 

15 the program described in paragraph (1) may be 

16 obligated or expended for commercial applica17 tion of energy technology.’’. 

18 (2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The table of 

19 contents for the Energy Policy Act of 2005 is 

20 amended by striking the item relating to section 975 

21 and inserting the following: 

‘‘Sec. 975. Electricity storage research initiative.’’. 

22 (h) ENERGY FRONTIER RESEARCH CENTERS.— 

23 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry out 

24 a program to provide awards, on a competitive, 

25 merit-reviewed basis, to multi-institutional collabora-
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1 tions or other appropriate entities to conduct funda2 mental and use-inspired energy research to accel3 erate scientific breakthroughs. 

4 (2) COLLABORATIONS.—A collaboration receiv5 ing an award under this subsection may include mul6 tiple types of institutions and private sector entities. 

7 (3) SELECTION AND DURATION.— 

8 (A) IN GENERAL.—A collaboration under 

9 this subsection shall be selected for a period of 

10 4 years. 

11 (B) EXISTING CENTERS.—An Energy 

12 Frontier Research Center in existence and sup13 ported by the Director on the date of enactment 

14 of this Act may continue to receive support for 

15 a period of 4 years beginning on the date of es16 tablishment of that center. 

17 (C) REAPPLICATION.—After the end of the 

18 period described in subparagraph (A) or (B), as 

19 applicable, a recipient of an award may reapply 

20 for selection on a competitive, merit-reviewed 

21 basis. 

22 (D) TERMINATION.—Consistent with the 

23 existing authorities of the Department, the Di24 rector may terminate an underperforming cen25 ter for cause during the performance period. 
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1 (i) MATERIALS RESEARCH DATABASE.— 

2 (1) IN GENERAL.—As part of the program in 

3 materials sciences and engineering, the Director 

4 shall support the development of a web-based plat5 form to provide access to a database of computed in6 formation on known and predicted materials prop7 erties and computational tools to accelerate break8 throughs in materials discovery and design. 

9 (2) In carrying out this section, the Director 

10 shall— 

11 (A) conduct cooperative research with in12 dustry, academia, and other research institu13 tions to facilitate the design of novel materials; 

14 (B) leverage existing high performance 

15 computing systems to conduct high-throughput 

16 calculations, and develop computational and 

17 data mining algorithms for the prediction of 

18 material properties; 

19 (C) advance understanding, prediction, and 

20 manipulation of materials; 

21 (D) strengthen the foundation for new 

22 technologies and advanced manufacturing; and 

23 (E) drive the development of advanced ma24 terials for applications that span the Depart-
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1 ment’s missions in energy, environment, and 

2 national security. 

3 (3) In carrying out this section, the Director 

4 shall leverage programs and activities across the De5 partment. 

6 SEC. 5. ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING RESEARCH. 

7 (a) PROGRAM.—The Director shall carry out a re8 search, development, and demonstration program to ad9 vance computational and networking capabilities to ana10 lyze, model, simulate, and predict complex phenomena rel11 evant to the development of new energy technologies and 

12 the competitiveness of the United States. 

13 (b) AMERICAN SUPER COMPUTING LEADERSHIP.— 

14 (1) RENAMING OF ACT.— 

15 (A) IN GENERAL.—Section 1 of the De16 partment of Energy High-End Computing Revi17 talization Act of 2004 (15 U.S.C. 5501 note; 

18 Public Law 108–423) is amended by striking 

19 ‘‘Department of Energy High-End Computing 

20 Revitalization Act of 2004’’ and inserting 

21 ‘‘American Super Computing Leadership Act’’. 

22 (B) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 

23 976(a)(1) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 

24 U.S.C. 16316(1)) is amended by striking ‘‘De25 partment of Energy High-End Computing Revi-
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1 talization Act of 2004’’ and inserting ‘‘Amer2 ican Super Computing Leadership Act’’. 

3 (2) DEFINITIONS.—Section 2 of the American 

4 Super Computing Leadership Act (15 U.S.C. 5541), 

5 as renamed by paragraph (1), is amended— 

6 (A) by redesignating paragraphs (2) 

7 through (5) as paragraphs (3) through (6), re8 spectively; 

9 (B) by striking paragraph (1) and insert10 ing the following: 

11 ‘‘(1) DEPARTMENT.—The term ‘Department’ 

12 means the Department of Energy. 

13 ‘‘(2) EXASCALE COMPUTING.—The term 

14 ‘exascale computing’ means computing through the 

15 use of a computing machine that performs near or 

16 above 10 to the 18th power operations per second.’’; 

17 and 

18 (C) in paragraph (6) (as redesignated by 

19 subparagraph (A)), by striking ‘‘, acting 

20 through the Director of the Office of Science of 

21 the Department of Energy’’. 

22 (3) DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY HIGH-END COM23 PUTING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.— 

24 Section 3 of the American Super Computing Leader-
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1 ship Act (15 U.S.C. 5542), as renamed by para2 graph (1), is amended— 

3 (A) in subsection (a)(1), by striking ‘‘pro4 gram’’ and inserting ‘‘coordinated program 

5 across the Department’’; 

6 (B) in subsection (b)(2), by striking ‘‘, 

7 which may’’ and all that follows through 

8 ‘‘multithreading architectures’’; and 

9 (C) by striking subsection (d) and insert10 ing the following: 

11 ‘‘(d) EXASCALE COMPUTING PROGRAM.— 

12 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall con13 duct a research program (referred to in this sub14 section as the ‘Program’) for exascale computing, in15 cluding the development of two or more exascale 

16 computing machine architectures, to promote the 

17 missions of the Department. 

18 ‘‘(2) EXECUTION.— 

19 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the 

20 Program, the Secretary shall— 

21 ‘‘(i) establish a National Laboratory 

22 partnership for industry partners and in23 stitutions of higher education for codesign 

24 of exascale hardware, technology, software, 
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1 and applications across all applicable orga2 nizations of the Department; 

3 ‘‘(ii) acquire multiple exascale com4 puting systems at the existing Depart5 mental facilities that represent at least two 

6 distinct technology options developed under 

7 clause (i); 

8 ‘‘(iii) develop such advancements in 

9 hardware and software technology as are 

10 required to fully realize the potential of an 

11 exascale production system in addressing 

12 Department target applications and solving 

13 scientific problems involving predictive 

14 modeling and simulation, large scale data 

15 analytics and management, and artificial 

16 intelligence; 

17 ‘‘(iv) explore the use of exascale com18 puting technologies to advance a broad 

19 range of science and engineering; and 

20 ‘‘(v) provide, as appropriate, on a 

21 competitive, merit-reviewed basis, access 

22 for researchers in industries in the United 

23 States, institutions of higher education, 

24 National Laboratories, and other Federal 
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1 agencies to the exascale computing systems 

2 developed pursuant to clause (i). 

3 ‘‘(B) SELECTION OF PARTNERS.—The Sec4 retary shall select the partnerships with the 

5 computing facilities of the Department under 

6 subparagraph (A) through a competitive, peer7 review process. 

8 ‘‘(3) CODESIGN AND APPLICATION DEVELOP9 MENT.— 

10 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall— 

11 ‘‘(i) carry out the Program through 

12 an integration of applications, computer 

13 science, applied mathematics, and com14 puter hardware architecture using the 

15 partnerships established pursuant to para16 graph (2) to ensure that, to the maximum 

17 extent practicable, two or more exascale 

18 computing machine architectures are capa19 ble of solving Department target applica20 tions and broader scientific problems, in21 cluding predictive modeling and simulation, 

22 large scale data analytics and manage23 ment, and artificial intelligence; and 

24 ‘‘(ii) conduct outreach programs to in25 crease the readiness for the use of such 
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1 platforms by domestic industries, including 

2 manufacturers. 

3 ‘‘(B) REPORT.—(i) The Secretary shall 

4 submit to Congress a report describing how the 

5 integration under subparagraph (A) is fur6 thering application science data and computa7 tional workloads across application interests, in8 cluding national security, material science, 

9 physical science, cybersecurity, biological 

10 science, the Materials Genome and BRAIN Ini11 tiatives of the President, advanced manufac12 turing, and the national electric grid. 

13 ‘‘(ii) The roles and responsibilities of Na14 tional Laboratories and industry, including the 

15 definition of the roles and responsibilities within 

16 the Department to ensure an integrated pro17 gram across the Department. 

18 ‘‘(4) PROJECT REVIEW.— 

19 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The exascale architec20 tures developed pursuant to partnerships estab21 lished pursuant to paragraph (2) shall be re22 viewed through a project review process. 

23 ‘‘(B) REPORT.—Not later than 90 days 

24 after the date of enactment of this subsection, 
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1 the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report 

2 on— 

3 ‘‘(i) the results of the review con4 ducted under subparagraph (A); and 

5 ‘‘(ii) the coordination and manage6 ment of the Program to ensure an inte7 grated research program across the De8 partment. 

9 ‘‘(5) ANNUAL REPORTS.—At the time of the 

10 budget submission of the Department for each fiscal 

11 year, the Secretary, in consultation with the mem12 bers of the partnerships established pursuant to 

13 paragraph (2), shall submit to Congress a report 

14 that describes funding for the Program as a whole 

15 by functional element of the Department and critical 

16 milestones.’’. 

17 (c) HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND NET18 WORKING RESEARCH.—The Director shall support re19 search in high-performance computing and networking rel20 evant to energy applications, including modeling, simula21 tion, machine learning, and advanced data analytics for 

22 basic and applied energy research programs carried out 

23 by the Secretary. 
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1 (d) APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND SOFTWARE DEVEL2 OPMENT FOR HIGH-END COMPUTING SYSTEMS, COM3 PUTATIONAL, AND COMPUTER SCIENCES RESEARCH.— 

4 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry out 

5 activities to develop, test, and support— 

6 (A) mathematics, models, statistics, and al7 gorithms for complex systems and programming 

8 environments; and 

9 (B) tools, languages, and operations for 

10 high-end computing systems (as defined in sec11 tion 2 of the American Super Computing Lead12 ership Act (15 U.S.C. 5541), as renamed by 

13 this section). 

14 (2) PORTFOLIO BALANCE.—The Director shall 

15 maintain a balanced portfolio within the advanced 

16 scientific computing research and development pro17 gram established under section 976 of the Energy 

18 Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16316) that supports 

19 robust investment in applied mathematical, com20 putational, and computer sciences research while ac21 commodating necessary investments in high-perform22 ance computing hardware and facilities. 

23 (e) WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT.—The Director of 

24 the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research 
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1 shall support the development of a computational science 

2 workforce through a program that— 

3 (1) facilitates collaboration between university 

4 students and researchers at the National Labora5 tories; and 

6 (2) endeavors to advance science in areas rel7 evant to the mission of the Department through the 

8 application of computational science. 

9 SEC. 6. HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS. 

10 (a) PROGRAM.—The Director shall carry out a re11 search program on the fundamental constituents of matter 

12 and energy and the nature of space and time. 

13 (b) MISSION.—The mission of the program described 

14 in subsection (a) shall be to support theoretical and experi15 mental research in both elementary particle physics and 

16 fundamental accelerator science and technology to under17 stand fundamental properties of the universe. 

18 (c) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of the Con19 gress that— 

20 (1) the Director should incorporate the findings 

21 and recommendations of the Particle Physics Project 

22 Prioritization Panel’s report entitled ‘‘Building for 

23 Discovery: Strategic Plan for U.S. Particle Physics 

24 in the Global Context’’, into the Department’s plan-
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1 ning process as part of the program described in 

2 subsection (a); 

3 (2) the Director should prioritize domestically 

4 hosted research projects that will maintain the 

5 United States position as a global leader in particle 

6 physics and attract the world’s most talented physi7 cists and foreign investment for international col8 laboration; and 

9 (3) the nations that lead in particle physics by 

10 hosting international teams dedicated to a common 

11 scientific goal attract the world’s best talent and in12 spire future generations of physicists and tech13 nologists. 

14 (d) NEUTRINO RESEARCH.—As part of the program 

15 described in subsection (a), the Director shall carry out 

16 research activities on rare decay processes and the nature 

17 of the neutrino, which may include collaborations with the 

18 National Science Foundation or international collabora19 tions. 

20 (e) LONG-BASELINE NEUTRINO FACILITY FOR DEEP

21 UNDERGROUND NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT.— 

22 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide 

23 for a Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility to facilitate 

24 the international Deep Underground Neutrino Ex25 periment to enable a program in neutrino physics to 
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1 measure the fundamental properties of neutrinos, ex2 plore physics beyond the Standard Model, and better 

3 clarify the nature of matter and antimatter. 

4 (2) FACILITY CAPABILITIES.—The Secretary 

5 shall ensure that the facility described in paragraph 

6 (1) will provide, at a minimum, the following capa7 bilities: 

8 (A) A broad-band neutrino beam capable 

9 of 1.2 megawatts (MW) of beam power and 

10 upgradable to 2.4 MW of beam power. 

11 (B) Four caverns excavated for a 40 kil12 oton fiducial detector mass and supporting sur13 face buildings and utilities. 

14 (C) Neutrino detector facilities at both the 

15 Far Site in South Dakota and the Near Site in 

16 Illinois to categorize and study neutrinos on 

17 their 800-mile journey between the two sites. 

18 (D) Cryogenic systems to support neutrino 

19 detectors. 

20 (3) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Secretary 

21 shall, to the maximum extent practicable, ensure 

22 that the start of full operations of the facility under 

23 this subsection occurs before December 31, 2026. 

24 (4) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be 

25 appropriated under section 11 for High Energy 
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1 Physics, there shall be made available to the Sec2 retary to carry out activities, including construction 

3 of the facility, under this subsection— 

4 (A) $95,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and 

5 (B) $175,000,000 for fiscal year 2019. 

6 (5) DARK ENERGY AND DARK MATTER RE7 SEARCH.—As part of the program described in para8 graph (1), the Director shall carry out research ac9 tivities on the nature of dark energy and dark mat10 ter, which may include collaborations with the Na11 tional Aeronautics and Space Administration or the 

12 National Science Foundation, or international col13 laborations. 

14 (6) INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION.—The 

15 Director, as practicable and in coordination with 

16 other appropriate Federal agencies as necessary, 

17 shall ensure the access of United States researchers 

18 to the most advanced accelerator facilities and re19 search capabilities in the world, including the Large 

20 Hadron Collider. 

21 SEC. 7. BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH. 

22 (a) PROGRAM.—The Director shall carry out a pro23 gram of basic research in the areas of biological systems 

24 science and environmental science relevant to the develop25 ment of new energy technologies and to support Depart-
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1 ment missions in energy, environment, and national secu2 rity. 

3 (b) BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS.—The Director shall carry 

4 out research and development activities in fundamental, 

5 structural, computational, and systems biology to increase 

6 systems-level understanding of the complex biological sys7 tems, which may include activities— 

8 (1) to accelerate breakthroughs and new knowl9 edge that would enable the cost-effective, sustainable 

10 production of— 

11 (A) biomass-based liquid transportation 

12 fuels; 

13 (B) bioenergy; and 

14 (C) biobased materials; 

15 (2) to improve understanding of the global car16 bon cycle, including processes for removing carbon 

17 dioxide from the atmosphere, through photosynthesis 

18 and other biological processes, for sequestration and 

19 storage; and 

20 (3) to understand the biological mechanisms 

21 used to transform, immobilize, or remove contami22 nants from subsurface environments. 

23 (c) BIOENERGY RESEARCH CENTERS.— 

24 (1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out activities 

25 under subsection (a), the Director shall select and 
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1 establish up to four bioenergy research centers to 

2 conduct basic and fundamental research in plant 

3 and microbial systems biology, bio imaging and anal4 ysis, and genomics to inform the production of fuels, 

5 chemicals from sustainable biomass resources, and 

6 to facilitate the translation of basic research results 

7 to industry. 

8 (2) SELECTION.—The Director shall select cen9 ters under paragraph (1) on a competitive, merit-re10 viewed basis. The Director shall consider applica11 tions from National Laboratories, multi-institutional 

12 collaborations, and other appropriate entities. 

13 (3) DURATION.—A center established under 

14 this subsection shall receive support for a period of 

15 not more than 5 years, subject to the availability of 

16 appropriations. 

17 (4) EXISTING CENTERS.—The Director may se18 lect a center for participation under this subsection 

19 that is in existence, or undergoing a renewal process, 

20 on the date of enactment of this Act. Such center 

21 shall be eligible to receive support for the duration 

22 the 5-year period beginning on the date of establish23 ment of such center. 

24 (5) RENEWAL.—Upon the expiration of any pe25 riod of support of a center under this subsection, the 
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1 Director may renew support for the center, on a 

2 merit-reviewed basis, for a period of not more than 

3 5 years. 

4 (6) TERMINATION.—Consistent with the exist5 ing authorities of the Department, the Director may 

6 terminate an underperforming center for cause dur7 ing the performance period. 

8 (d) LOW DOSE RADIATION RESEARCH PROGRAM.— 

9 (1) IN GENERAL.—Subtitle G of title IX of the 

10 Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16311 et 

11 seq.) is amended by inserting after section 977 the 

12 following new section: 

13 ‘‘SEC. 977A. LOW-DOSE RADIATION RESEARCH PROGRAM. 

14 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out a 

15 basic research program on low-dose radiation to— 

16 ‘‘(1) enhance the scientific understanding of, 

17 and reduce uncertainties associated with, the effects 

18 of exposure to low-dose radiation; and 

19 ‘‘(2) inform improved risk-assessment and risk20 management methods with respect to such radiation. 

21 ‘‘(b) PROGRAM COMPONENTS.—In carrying out the 

22 program required under subsection (a), the Secretary 

23 shall— 

24 ‘‘(1) formulate scientific goals for low-dose radi25 ation basic research in the United States; 
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1 ‘‘(2) identify ongoing scientific challenges for 

2 understanding the long-term effects of ionizing radi3 ation on biological systems; 

4 ‘‘(3) develop a long-term strategic and 

5 prioritized basic research agenda to address such 

6 scientific challenges in coordination with other re7 search efforts; 

8 ‘‘(4) leverage the collective body of knowledge 

9 from existing low-dose radiation research; and 

10 ‘‘(5) engage with other Federal agencies, re11 search communities, and potential users of informa12 tion produced under this section, including institu13 tions concerning radiation research, medical physics, 

14 radiology, health physics, and emergency response. 

15 ‘‘(c) COORDINATION.—In carrying out the program, 

16 the Secretary, in coordination with the Physical Science 

17 Subcommittee of the National Science and Technology 

18 Council, shall— 

19 ‘‘(1) support the directives under section 106 of 

20 the American Innovation and Competitiveness Act 

21 (42 U.S.C. 6601 note); 

22 ‘‘(2) ensure that the Office of Science of the 

23 Department of Energy consults with the National 

24 Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National 

25 Institutes of Health, the Environmental Protection 
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1 Agency, the Department of Defense, the Nuclear 

2 Regulatory Commission, and the Department of 

3 Homeland Security; 

4 ‘‘(3) advise and assist the National Science and 

5 Technology Council on policies and initiatives in ra6 diation biology, including enhancing scientific knowl7 edge of the effects of low-dose radiation on biological 

8 systems to improve radiation risk-assessment and 

9 risk-management methods; and 

10 ‘‘(4) identify opportunities to stimulate inter11 national cooperation relating to low-dose radiation 

12 and leverage research and knowledge from sources 

13 outside of the United States. 

14 ‘‘(d) RESEARCH PLAN.—Not later than 180 days 

15 after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall 

16 transmit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech17 nology of the House of Representatives and the Committee 

18 on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a 4-year 

19 research plan that identifies and prioritizes basic research 

20 needs relating to low-dose radiation. In developing such 

21 plan, the Secretary shall incorporate the components de22 scribed in subsection (b). 

23 ‘‘(e) DEFINITION OF LOW-DOSE RADIATION.—In 

24 this section, the term ‘low-dose radiation’ means a radi25 ation dose of less than 100 millisieverts. 
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1 ‘‘(f) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this sec2 tion shall be construed to subject any research carried out 

3 by the Secretary for the program under this section to 

4 any limitations described in 977(e) of the Energy Policy 

5 Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16317(e)). 

6 ‘‘(g) FUNDING.—From within funds authorized to be 

7 appropriated under section 11 of the Department of En8 ergy Science and Innovation Act of 2018, for Biological 

9 and Environmental Research, the Secretary make avail10 able to carry out this section— 

11 ‘‘(1) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and 

12 ‘‘(2) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2019.’’. 

13 (2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The table of 

14 contents for subtitle G of title IX of the Energy Pol15 icy Act of 2005 is amended by inserting after the 

16 item relating to section 977 the following: 

‘‘977A. Low-dose radiation research program.’’. 

17 (e) MODELING RESEARCH.—As part of the activities 

18 described in subsection (a), the Director is authorized to 

19 carry out research to develop multiscale computational 

20 models that incorporate and examine interactions among 

21 human and earth systems. 

22 (f) LIMITATION FOR RESEARCH FUNDS.—The Direc23 tor shall not approve new climate science-related initia24 tives without making a determination that such work is 
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1 well-coordinated with any relevant work carried out by 

2 other Federal agencies. 

3 SEC. 8. FUSION ENERGY. 

4 (a) PROGRAM.—The Director shall carry out a fusion 

5 energy sciences research program to expand the under6 standing of plasmas and matter at very high temperatures 

7 and densities and build the science and engineering foun8 dation needed to develop a fusion energy source. 

9 (b) INERTIAL FUSION ENERGY RESEARCH AND DE10 VELOPMENT PROGRAM.—The Secretary shall carry out a 

11 program of research and technology development in iner12 tial fusion for energy applications, including ion beam, 

13 laser, and pulsed power fusion systems. 

14 (c) TOKAMAK RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.— 

15 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall support 

16 research and development activities and facility oper17 ations to optimize the tokamak approach to fusion 

18 energy. 

19 (2) INTERNATIONAL THERMONUCLEAR EXPERI20 MENTAL REACTOR CONSTRUCTION.—Section 972 of 

21 the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16312) 

22 is amended by adding at the end the following new 

23 paragraph: 

24 ‘‘(7) ITER CONSTRUCTION.— 
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1 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—There is authorized 

2 United States participation in the construction 

3 and operations of the ITER project, as agreed 

4 to under the April 25, 2007 ‘Agreement on the 

5 Establishment of the ITER International Fu6 sion Energy Organization for the Joint Imple7 mentation of the ITER Project.’. 

8 ‘‘(B) FACILITY REQUIREMENTS.—The Sec9 retary shall ensure that the mission-oriented 

10 user facility will enable the study of a burning 

11 plasma, and shall be built to have the following 

12 characteristics in its full configuration: 

13 ‘‘(i) A tokamak device with a plasma 

14 radius of 6.2 meters and a magnetic field 

15 of 5.3 T. 

16 ‘‘(ii) Capable of creating and sus17 taining a 15-million-Ampere plasma cur18 rent for greater than 300 seconds. 

19 ‘‘(C) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIA20 TIONS.—From within funds authorized to be 

21 appropriated under section 11 of the Depart22 ment of Energy Science and Innovation Act of 

23 2018, for Fusion Energy Sciences, there is au24 thorized for in-kind contributions under this 

25 paragraph— 
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1 ‘‘(i) $122,000,000 for fiscal year 

2 2018; and 

3 ‘‘(ii) $163,000,000 for fiscal year 

4 2019. 

5 ‘‘(D) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIA6 TIONS.—From within funds authorized to be 

7 appropriated under section 11 of the Depart8 ment of Energy Science and Innovation Act of 

9 2018, for Fusion Energy Sciences, there is au10 thorized for cash contributions under this para11 graph— 

12 ‘‘(i) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; 

13 and 

14 ‘‘(ii) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 

15 2019.’’. 

16 (d) ALTERNATIVE AND ENABLING CONCEPTS.— 

17 (1) IN GENERAL.—As part of the program de18 scribed in subsection (a), the Director shall support 

19 research and development activities and facility oper20 ations at United States universities, national labora21 tories, and private facilities for a portfolio of alter22 native and enabling fusion energy concepts that may 

23 provide solutions to significant challenges to the es24 tablishment of a commercial magnetic fusion power 

25 plant, prioritized based on the ability of the United 
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1 States to play a leadership role in the international 

2 fusion research community. Fusion energy concepts 

3 and activities explored under this paragraph may in4 clude— 

5 (A) high magnetic field approaches facili6 tated by high temperature superconductors; 

7 (B) advanced stellarator concepts; 

8 (C) non-tokamak confinement configura9 tions operating at low magnetic fields; 

10 (D) magnetized target fusion energy con11 cepts; 

12 (E) liquid metals to address issues associ13 ated with fusion plasma interactions with the 

14 inner wall of the encasing device; 

15 (F) immersion blankets for heat manage16 ment and fuel breeding; 

17 (G) advanced scientific computing activi18 ties; and 

19 (H) other promising fusion energy con20 cepts identified by the Director. 

21 (2) COORDINATION WITH ARPA–E.—The Under 

22 Secretary and the Director shall coordinate with the 

23 Director of the Advanced Research Projects Agency– 

24 Energy (in this paragraph referred to as ‘‘ARPA– 

25 E’’) to— 
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1 (A) assess the potential for any fusion en2 ergy project supported by ARPA–E to rep3 resent a promising approach to a commercially 

4 viable fusion power plant; 

5 (B) determine whether the results of any 

6 fusion energy project supported by ARPA–E 

7 merit the support of follow-on research activi8 ties carried out by the Office of Science; and 

9 (C) avoid unintentional duplication of ac10 tivities. 

11 (e) FAIRNESS IN COMPETITION FOR SOLICITATIONS

12 FOR INTERNATIONAL PROJECT ACTIVITIES.—Section 33 

13 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2053) is 

14 amended by inserting before the first sentence the fol15 lowing: ‘‘In this section, with respect to international re16 search projects, the term ‘private facilities or laboratories’ 

17 means facilities or laboratories located in the United 

18 States.’’. 

19 (f) IDENTIFICATION OF PRIORITIES.— 

20 (1) REPORT.— 

21 (A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 2 years 

22 after the date of enactment of this Act, the Sec23 retary shall submit to Congress a report on the 

24 fusion energy research and development activi25 ties that the Department proposes to carry out 
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1 over the 10-year period following the date of 

2 the report under not fewer than three realistic 

3 budget scenarios, including a scenario based on 

4 3-percent annual growth in the non-ITER por5 tion of the budget for fusion energy research 

6 and development activities. 

7 (B) INCLUSIONS.—The report required 

8 under subparagraph (A) shall— 

9 (i) identify specific areas of fusion en10 ergy research and enabling technology de11 velopment, including activities to advance 

12 inertial and alternative fusion energy con13 cepts, in which the United States can and 

14 should establish or solidify a lead in the 

15 global fusion energy development effort; 

16 (ii) identify priorities for initiation of 

17 facility construction and facility decommis18 sioning under each of the three budget sce19 narios described in subparagraph (A); and 

20 (iii) assess the ability of the fusion 

21 workforce of the United States to carry out 

22 the activities identified under clauses (i) 

23 and (ii), including the adequacy of pro24 grams at institutions of higher education 

25 in the United States to train the leaders 
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1 and workers of the next generation of fu2 sion energy researchers. 

3 (2) PROCESS.—In order to develop the report 

4 required under paragraph (1)(A), the Secretary shall 

5 leverage best practices and lessons learned from the 

6 process used to develop the most recent report of the 

7 Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel of the 

8 High Energy Physics Advisory Panel. 

9 (3) REQUIREMENT.—No member of the Fusion 

10 Energy Sciences Advisory Committee shall be ex11 cluded from participating in developing or voting on 

12 final approval of the report required under para13 graph (1)(A). 

14 SEC. 9. NUCLEAR PHYSICS. 

15 (a) PROGRAM.—The Director shall carry out a pro16 gram of experimental and theoretical research, and sup17 port associated facilities, to discover, explore, and under18 stand all forms of nuclear matter. 

19 (b) ISOTOPE DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION FOR

20 RESEARCH APPLICATIONS.—The Director— 

21 (1) may carry out a program for the production 

22 of isotopes, including the development of techniques 

23 to produce isotopes, that the Secretary determines 

24 are needed for research, medical, industrial, or re25 lated purposes; and 
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1 (2) shall ensure that isotope production activi2 ties carried out under the program under this para3 graph do not compete with private industry unless 

4 the Director determines that critical national inter5 ests require the involvement of the Federal Govern6 ment. 

7 (c) RENAMING OF THE RARE ISOTOPE ACCEL8 ERATOR.—Section 981 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 

9 (42 U.S.C. 16321) is amended— 

10 (1) in the section heading, by striking ‘‘RARE

11 ISOTOPE ACCELERATOR’’ and inserting ‘‘FACIL12 ITY FOR RARE ISOTOPE BEAMS’’; and 

13 (2) by striking ‘‘Rare Isotope Accelerator’’ each 

14 place it appears and inserting ‘‘Facility for Rare Iso15 tope Beams’’. 

16 (d) FACILITY FOR RARE ISOTOPE BEAMS.— 

17 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide 

18 for a Facility for Rare Isotope Beams to advance the 

19 understanding of rare nuclear isotopes and the evo20 lution of the cosmos. 

21 (2) FACILITY CAPABILITY.—In carrying out 

22 paragraph (1), the Secretary shall provide for, at a 

23 minimum, a rare isotope beam facility capable of 

24 400 kW of beam power. 
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1 (3) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Secretary 

2 shall, to the maximum extent practicable, ensure 

3 that the start of full operations of the facility under 

4 this subsection occurs before June 30, 2022, with 

5 early operation in 2018. 

6 (4) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be 

7 appropriated under section 11 for Nuclear Physics, 

8 there shall be made available to the Secretary to 

9 carry out activities, including construction of the fa10 cility, under this subsection— 

11 (A) $101,200,000 for fiscal year 2018; and 

12 (B) $86,000,000 for fiscal year 2019. 

13 SEC. 10. SCIENCE LABORATORIES INFRASTRUCTURE PRO14 GRAM. 

15 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry out a 

16 program to improve the safety, efficiency, and mission 

17 readiness of infrastructure at Office of Science labora18 tories. The program shall include projects to— 

19 (1) renovate or replace space that does not 

20 meet research needs; 

21 (2) replace facilities that are no longer cost ef22 fective to renovate or operate; 

23 (3) modernize utility systems to prevent failures 

24 and ensure efficiency; 
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1 (4) remove excess facilities to allow safe and ef2 ficient operations; and 

3 (5) construct modern facilities to conduct ad4 vanced research in controlled environmental condi5 tions. 

6 (b) APPROACH.—In carrying out this section, the Di7 rector shall utilize all available approaches and mecha8 nisms, including capital line items, minor construction 

9 projects, energy savings performance contracts, utility en10 ergy service contracts, alternative financing, and expense 

11 funding, as appropriate. 

12 SEC. 11. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

13 (a) FISCAL YEAR 2018.—There are authorized to be 

14 appropriated to the Secretary for the Office of Science for 

15 fiscal year 2018 $6,259,903,000, of which— 

16 (1) $2,090,000,000 shall be for Basic Energy 

17 Science; 

18 (2) $908,000,000 shall be for High Energy 

19 Physics; 

20 (3) $673,000,000 shall be for Biological and 

21 Environmental Research; 

22 (4) $684,000,000 shall be for Nuclear Physics; 

23 (5) $810,000,000 shall be for Advanced Sci24 entific Computing Research; 
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1 (6) $532,111,000 shall be for Fusion Energy 

2 Sciences; 

3 (7) $257,292,000 shall be for Science Labora4 tories Infrastructure; 

5 (8) $183,000,000 shall be for Science Program 

6 Direction; 

7 (9) $103,000,000 shall be for Safeguards and 

8 Security; and 

9 (10) $19,500,000 shall be for Workforce Devel10 opment for Teachers and Scientists. 

11 (b) FISCAL YEAR 2019.—There are authorized to be 

12 appropriated to the Secretary for the Office of Science for 

13 fiscal year 2019 $6,600,000,000, of which— 

14 (1) $2,129,233,000 shall be for Basic Energy 

15 Science; 

16 (2) $1,004,510,000 shall be for High Energy 

17 Physics; 

18 (3) $673,000,000 shall be for Biological and 

19 Environmental Research; 

20 (4) $690,000,000 shall be for Nuclear Physics; 

21 (5) $899,010,000 shall be for Advanced Sci22 entific Computing Research; 

23 (6) $640,000,000 shall be for Fusion Energy 

24 Sciences; 
56 

•HR 5905 EH

1 (7) $257,292,000 shall be for Science Labora2 tories Infrastructure; 

3 (8) $181,345,000 shall be for Science Program 

4 Direction; 

5 (9) $106,110,000 shall be for Safeguards and 

6 Security; and 

7 (10) $19,500,000 shall be for Workforce Devel8 opment for Teachers and Scientists. 

Passed the House of Representatives June 27, 2018. 

Attest: 

Clerk. 

115TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION H. R. 5905 

AN ACT 

To authorize basic research programs in the Deyears 2018 and 2019. partment of Energy Office of Science for fiscal