*This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of

law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the

citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under

the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.

F I L E D

United States Court of Appeals

Tenth Circuit

MAR 25 1998

PATRICK FISHER

Clerk

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

TENTH CIRCUIT

JOHN MICHAEL RICKS,

Plaintiff - Appellant, No. 97-3181

v. D. Kansas

(NFN) MACKEY, Lt. Col., Director of

Treatment Programs, USDB Ft.

Leavenworth,

Defendant - Appellee.

(D.C. No. 96-CV-3525) 

ORDER AND JUDGMENT*

Before ANDERSON, McKAY, and LUCERO, Circuit Judges.

After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of

this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34 (a); 10th Cir. R. 34.1.9. This cause is

therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
1Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents, 403 U.S. 388 (1971).

2On appeal, Ricks further elaborates that as a result of these interviews, he

becomes “hostile, aggressive, and near the breaking point resulting in a total

abandonment of his pacifist nature.” Appellant’s Br. at 8. Although Ricks has advised

treatment personnel that he does not wish to participate in the interviews, he has been

informed that “regulations require quarterly contact.” R. Vol. I, Tab 10 at 1.

3When Ricks filed his complaint in November 1996, $120.00 constituted a full

filing fee. It was not until December 18, 1996, that the filing fee for federal district court

was increased to $150.00.

-2-

John M. Ricks, a federal prisoner at the United States Disciplinary Barracks

in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, filed a Bivens civil rights action1 against the

Director of Treatment Programs at the facility, alleging that he was “being

subjected to systemic harrassment” [sic] through quarterly interviews under the

direction of Defendant and that the actions of treatment personnel constituted

cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment. R. Vol. I,

Tab 2 at 3. In support of this claim, Ricks alleged only that in these interviews,

treatment personnel “badgered” him and attempted to “entice [him] into retracting

his steadfastly maintained pleas of not guilty from his trial.”2

 Id. 

Ricks simultaneously filed an application to proceed in forma pauperis

(IFP), which the district court granted, assessing him an initial partial filing fee of

$1.00. R. Vol. I, Tab 6. Ricks eventually paid a full filing fee in two

installments of $5.00 and $115.00 respectively.3 After Ricks had paid the filing

fee but before service of summons on Defendant, the district court found that
-3-

Ricks’ complaint failed to state a claim for which relief may be granted and

dismissed the matter sua sponte. Ricks filed a timely notice of appeal, and was

granted provisional leave to proceed in forma pauperis on appeal.

Ricks alleges on appeal that the district court erred by dismissing his civil

rights action sua sponte because when he paid the full filing fee, his “IFP status

was effectively abolished and . . . the case should have been treated as a non-IFP

complaint.” Appellant’s Br. at 4. He also contends that the district court erred in

dismissing his complaint before service of process could be made and without

affording him notice of deficiencies and an opportunity to amend his complaint. 

Id. at 4-5. Finally, Ricks argues that when it applied Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S.

825 (1994), the district court applied the wrong standard in determining that his

factual assertions failed to state a claim upon which relief could be granted. Id. at

6-8. 

A dismissal for failure to state a claim is subject to de novo review. Kidd

v. Taos Ski Valley, Inc., 88 F.3d 848, 854 (10th Cir. 1996) (referring to Fed. R.

Civ. P. 12(b)(6)); see McGore v. Wrigglesworth, 114 F.3d 601, 604 (6th Cir.

1997) (referring to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2) & 1915A).

Although it is unclear whether the district court based its dismissal of

Ricks’ complaint on Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6), 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2), or 28

U.S.C. § 1915A, the district court properly dismissed Ricks’ complaint sua sponte
-4-

regardless of the basis invoked. See United States v. Sandoval, 29 F.3d 537, 542

n.6 (10th Cir. 1994) (stating that we are free to affirm a district court decision on

any grounds supported by the record). 

Ricks’ arguments regarding his fee status, the lack of service of process,

and the lack of opportunity to amend his complaint are unpersuasive. 

Section 1915(e)(2) specifically mandates that if a case is frivolous, fails to state a

claim, or is pursued against an immune party, the court shall dismiss it

“[n]otwithstanding any filing fee, or any portion thereof, that may have been

paid.” Also, § 1915A requires the court to review, “before docketing, if feasible

or . . . as soon as practicable after docketing,” all complaints “in which a prisoner

seeks redress from a governmental entity or officer or employee of a

governmental entity.” See also McGore, 114 F.3d at 604-05, 612 (stating that sua

sponte screening pursuant to § 1915(e)(2) or § 1915A must occur “before service

of process is made on the opposing parties” and that “courts have no discretion in

permitting a plaintiff to amend a complaint to avoid a sua sponte dismissal”). 

And under Rule 12(b)(6), a district court may always dismiss a claim sua sponte

where, as here, “it is patently obvious that the plaintiff could not prevail on the

facts alleged, and allowing him an opportunity to amend his complaint would be

futile.” McKinney v. Oklahoma Dept. of Human Servs., 925 F.2d 363, 365 (10th

Cir. 1991) (quotations and citations omitted). 
4

In addition to arguing that the interviews are “highly detrimental to his wellbeing,” Appellant’s Br. at 8, Ricks argues that he should be advised of his rights and

given legal counsel at each interview. Id. This argument is unpersuasive.

And although Ricks does not frame his arguments in due process terms, we note

also that the interviewing procedure employed at the facility does not impose an atypical

or a significant hardship on Ricks in relation to the ordinary incidents of prison life. See

Sandin v. Conner, 515 U.S. 472, 483-84 (1995).

-5-

Finally, the district court appropriately applied Farmer v. Brennan in

analyzing Ricks’ Eighth Amendment claim. See R. Vol. I, Tab 10 at 2. In

Farmer, 511 U.S. 825 (1994), the Supreme Court addressed a prisoner’s Bivens

claim based on the Eighth Amendment and held that to succeed on an Eighth

Amendment claim, a plaintiff must show first, that the alleged deprivation was

sufficiently serious, denying “‘the minimal civilized measure of life’s

necessities,’” id. at 834, and second, that the responsible official acted with

“deliberate indifference” to inmate health or safety. Id.; see also Hunt v.

Downing, 112 F.3d 452, 453 (10th Cir. 1997); Grimsley v. MacKay, 93 F.3d 676,

680-81 (10th Cir. 1996); Adkins v. Rodriguez, 59 F.3d 1034, 1037 (10th Cir.

1995). 

We agree with the district court that the Farmer standard was not satisfied.4

Furthermore, Ricks does not state what facts he would allege to further support

his claims had the district court allowed him the opportunity to amend his

complaint, and the factual allegations he does make are vague and conclusory. 
-6-

See Hall v. Bellmon, 935 F.2d 1106, 1110 (10th Cir. 1991) (holding that a pro se

litigant must allege sufficient facts to support claims). Accepting “all the

well-pleaded allegations of the complaint as true,” Gagan v. Norton, 35 F.3d

1473, 1474 n.1 (10th Cir. 1994) (quotation omitted), and construing Ricks’ pro se

pleadings liberally as we are required to do, see Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519,

520 (1972), we are satisfied that it is “patently obvious” that Ricks could not

possibly obtain relief under the facts alleged.

We conclude that this appeal fails to state a claim under 28 U.S.C.

§ 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii) for purposes of counting prior occasions under § 1915(g). 

Because a complaint dismissed for failure to state a claim followed by an appeal

that fails to state a claim count as two prior occasions under § 1915(g), two

“strikes” are recorded against Ricks. We DENY Ricks’ request to be excused

from all appellate filing fees.

DISMISSED.

ENTERED FOR THE COURT

Stephen H. Anderson

Circuit Judge