Note: The information contained within the FUSRAP Considered Sites
Database must be viewed as predecisional and, as such, cannot be Number of Records Returned:

released to the public at this time.
Current Dataset Date: 1/16/00
Data Type Reference Source
Site: DC.01 -- NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
Alternate Site Name(s) (1) { INFORMATION NOT FOUND 2
Site Location (1) MAP 2497
Evaluation Year (1) 3985 2502
‘Site Disposition (1) ELIMINATED NOT REFERRED 2501
Type of Site Disposition
ocement (2) OFFICIAL DISPOSITION DOCUMENT 2501
EXimination Basis (1) NO AUTHORITY 2501
one ray as n as hens
TORY A Wi IS
Site Operations (2) ALL RADIUM SAMPLES USED IN THIS COUNTRY FOR 2496
MEDICAL PURPOSES.
Site Operations (2) 2496
2496
2436
2496
2496
2496
‘Survey Conducted (1) ves 2500
Site Survey
D Survey Type yeor
Survey
1968 2500

DOE Cleanup Action (1)

bC.01

UNTO) 102 AN


Radioactive Materials. Part talked to the refining, treatuent,
production of the various ores, oxides, metals, Thorium, Quality
Control, and Accounbability. ~ 2,

The procurement, storage, end processing of the basic raw saterials
containing uranium is sommed up as follows: :

The ores and/or oxides received from the African sources were stored
dn various warehouses. These storage areas were: (3) decher—penteis-
Median? Co. Warehouse, Port Ricimond, Staten Island, NY (prior to the -
MED); (2) Seneca Crdanance Depot, Romulus, NY; (3) Clinton Engineer’ al
Works, Clinton (Oak Ridge), Termessee; and (2) Ferry Warehouse -
Middlesex, NJ. The main storage area was the Perry Warehouse. The .
‘bulk of the African ores were stored there. Thuis location also became

ao

vendor. ‘Some of the residues were returned to the Belgius facility
of African Metals, ani some is stili at the U.S. storage sites. .

The African ores samples were assayed and weighed ty Lucius Pitken,
Hew York City, NY; Ledoux ani Co., New York City, NY; and Frick
Laboratory, Princeton University, Princetowm, Ww.

The Africen ores were refined to black oxides (0,04) at facilities of
the Linde Air Products Co., Tonawanda, NY; Mining and Refining
iia, Port Hope, Ontario, Canada; and Vitro Mermfacturing Co., Cannonsburg,

‘The Canadian ores were refined at the Port Hope facility of the Eldorado
Mining and Refinery Ltd. ‘The American ores (Carnotite) were processed
for Vanadium by U.S. Vanadium Corp. at Uraven, Colorado. The Vanadium
sand tailings were also proceased at the USV Uravan plant for Uranium
Oxide. These went directly to Linde. They (USV) also had a plant at
Daranyo, co, for processing Vanadium tailings and sands to produce @
green sluge. The output from the USV Durando and Uraven facilities
went to Grand Junction, Colorado, for processing to yellow

(15% U,0,) that in turn went to the Linde refinery at Tonawanda, BY.
GoneurdeStiy with the U.S. Vanadium operation, the Vanadius Corp. of
America was processing American ores for Yenadium at its plants in
Waturita, Coloredc, ati Monticello, Utah, ‘The clines (45% U,0, ) from
these plants went directly to Vitro Manufacturing Co., Cammonsture, PAy

for processing.



Form 4-20
NOT TO BE ACCEPTED AS AUTHORITY FOR INVESTIGATION OPERATIONS UNLESS ACCOMPANIED BY OFFICIAL CREDENTIALS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

DIVISION OF PERSONNEL
WASHINGTON

March 16, 1938,

a

Through the Director, National Bureau of Standards.

Sir:

You have been appointed, 3

Assistant Physics) Science Aid (Physics)

in the National Bureau of Standarés
at a salary of Sixteen Hundred and Twenty dollars per _@nnum_
effective upon entrance on duty. (2- tb~ 22) ee ee ee

Ghange from Junior Physical Science Aid (Physics),

Nature of appointment:
Sp-3, at $1440 per anmum.

Civil Service authority: certificate No. Y-5609.
Classification allocation: SP-4.

By @irection of the Secretary:

Respectfully, :
eli, ete Lent,

Chief, Division of Personnel,

&
Appropriation (unit): National Bureau of Stendards.

Vice: Reallocation.

Legal residence: Arkansas.

VsS GOVERNMENT PASETING OPTICE



Nr. John P. Allen, Project Director
Special Projects Division

General Services Administration

7th & D St., Reporters Bldg., Room 301
Washington, D.C. 20407

Dear Mr. Allen:
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS BUILDING, WASHINGTON, D.C.

As I stated in our telephone conversation of April S, 1978, Aerospace
is summarizing the status of sites which were formerly utilized for
the processing and Storage of principatiy uranium and thorium for the
Atomic Energy Commission and the Manhattan Engineer District. The
purpose of the task is to obtain Complete records for these sites that
will verify their radiological safety, The task is being performed for
the Division of. Environmental Control Technology of the Department of

Energy.

In order to insure the correctness of ‘the information regarding the NBS
building on Van Ness Street, Washington, D.C. that I collected asa
result of our telephone conversation, I have listed the material which
I entered into the file for that building below:

1. The building was excessed to GSA from NBS.

2. The Washington Technical Institute (starting in- 1968) used the
~ building for adzinistration Purposes under a GSA permit.

3. In 1968,to verify the Tadiological safety,a Survey was per-
formed (March 22).

4. The building has since been demolished. Approval for destruc-
tion was given in August of 1976 and conducted September or
October of 1976.

5. The site is being used by the State Department as part of the

International Center. It is expected that most of the area
(Lot 14 or 8) will be open area (street or park}.

Ax Equal Opportunity Exdlover



radiation coming from the glass case had swamped the geiger counter across the
laboratory and was causing maximum geiger counts even when removed from the
faboratory. | do not know how many other cases we had of exposure to unusual doses
of radiation from apparatus rolled into the laboratory, but this one was enough to cling
ta my memory for 60 years.

Another incident has clung to my memory over the years. | was not involved with a
room that was used to store radium in vials. Evidently, - was still working with
radium. One day over the box-4unches that we ate in our laboratory, expressed
his concern over the radium room. He told me that vials of radium had burst from the
build-up of gas in the vials (it must have been mostly alpha particles turned into helium
gas and some radon), and now there was a radium spill all over the room. He was
concerned that he might have to be the person to clean it up, and he was most

. unhappy at the prospect because he wanted to have children. | fear for the extent of

radium clinging to _-_ ‘clothes during that period.
Our other exposure came from handling radioactive material from Oak Ridge. Ido
know that in addition, was involved in the radium program, with which | had no

involvement. | was shocked to learn recently from the documents of the degree of
contamination in Buildng #2. But | suspected the hazards of our exposure over that
time, | was especially concerned because as the war was drawing to a close, | wanted
very much to begin having children. | finally thought that | was pregnant just about the
time that my husband was given a furlough.

Back in New York, I visited my family physician, who had become a gynecologist. He
informed me that he did not want to do the “rabbit test fir pregnancy because | had

‘ It took eighteen months for me to finally hold my
daughter Laura in my arms. After Laura, { had a miscarriage. And after giving birth to
Henry, | suffered three more miscarriages efore accepting the reality that | would never
have another live child.

t have recently heard that was diagnosed to have zero sperm count
after his years in the Radiation Lab and that their desire for children led © and his
wife to adopt his lovely daughter. Later on and his wife did have one biological
child. Did he tor ¥ more children.? | only know that i did long for at least « re

“five birth that’r camé. tly read Barbara Goldsmith's onthe of
Marie Curie and what radium did to her body. It is sad that while we did take
precautions, we were not yet weil enough informed to fully understand the risks that

we were encountering.

Rosalind B. Mendell

YY rh? Moed- all

J

ep a
EES =
VITO PETRIELLO
eray State of New Yak
No. 01 15272


pe 2

doc £53 p*
Site Cleanup
~ Io Organization Year
Clean Up
NATIONAL
c.0a BUREAY OF 1968
STANDARDS 2501
Current Site Owner (1) INFORMATION NOT FOUND 2
Prior Site Owner(s) (1) 2498
9 (2) 2498
Prior Site Owner(s) (3) 2498
~ {s}.(43 2498
Retum to top of report
Retum to Query Page
Last Updated 12/25/00 (jac)

YETI 10124


emt cance

This is to notify you of the following personnel action!
‘Gangs ts stétvus

FROM

sntracon | Naghtagten, 3 Oe ' thaptagien, 3 8-

pote «=| Gentaw Phystelst (Optiee) =| Maysieist (oyltze)
Gein | aes, =. $RLOO pow exmmn Beh — (800 yor sae t
. 4 .

Bureau Opstes . yas 2s

\

Recs) if cursors "emo __| ialterurer Dl mw Le

ERPECTIVE , Pereannel-Stand;

erate yay 91M Pos “a +

Remarks: 2 . a ota. we
fata cites fa 7. ing phat ia pA ienity ae. =

ire salaries of employees in ie Clasicd Service are subject to deductions if specticd ra
by law, for retirement purposes. a . .
rite votiee is pot to be accepted an autilority for investigation operations wnlese <>

companied by official credentials. . a i ~



dec. A5$0.2

Form 4-30
@ Wor Yom Acero At AUTRITY Yon vse Crus Ue AeoMatD Fem ETL

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

APPOINTMENT DIVISION
WASHINGTON

april 1, 1936.

Through the Director, National Burean of Standards
Sir:
You have been appointed, subject to taking the oath of office,

Junior Physical Sefence sid (Physics)
in “the... National Burean of Stendarde
at a salary of. _Rourteen Hundred & Forty... dollars per..annum_

@ +
effective Aprili, 1956.

Nature of appointment: Change from Minor Laboratory apprentice, SP=l,
at $1020 per annum

Civil Service authority: Letter dated May 13, 1936.

Classification allocation: SP.3

By direction of the Secretary:
Respectfully,

v
Appropriation (unit): National Bureau of Standards

Vice: Reallocation

@ Legal residence: Arkansas

© 6 eovearncen remcame orem re ses


ATTACHMENT aN

PRELIMINARY HISTORY OF AEC THORIUM RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT

The principal source of thorium during the late 1940's and 1950's was
‘Monazite sand from India or Brazil. Concentrates of these ores contained
from 5-7% ThO2 while similar concentrates from Idaho contained only 3-é$
ThOz2. For the most part the thorium (generally in the forns of « salt,
such as thorium nitrate, or thorium bearing sludges or residues) purchased
by the AEC was produced es @ byproduct of commercial operations at chenical
companies conducting rare earth extractions; the largest being Lindsay Light
and Chemical Company in Jllinois. Other major suppliers, during the early years,
were Maywood Chemical Company in New Jersey; Rare Earths, Inc., in New York (with
a plant in Pompton, NJ); and Wolff-Alport Chemical Co., locations being determined.
In later years the thorium salts were also produced at AEC facilities
and prime contractor locations such ss Ames, Iowa and Ferngld, Ohio.
W.R. Grace in Maryland was also contracted to refine the momazite sands for
the AEC.
In addition to companies discussed above the Norton Company of Massachusetts
and Harshaw Chemical Company of Ohio are known to produce thorium compounds
for the AEC and/or its contractors; however, the extent and types of compounds
are still being investigsted.
The thoriun salts were refined te thorium tetraflucride and then to
; etal at sues, ‘Towa ‘and Feruald, Ohio. Thoriua oxide was zefined to thorium
powder for use in powder metallurgy at the Sylvania-Corning Hicksville/Bayside
complexes in New York. Horizons, Inc. in Ohio also experizented with conversions
of uranium nitrate to metal by an electrolytic process.
The metal was formed, rolled, extruded, and/or machined at Simonds Ssw
and Steel Company in New York, Brush Beryllium in Ohio, American Machine and
Foundry Cerp. in New York, and Revere Copper and Brass Company in Michigan.
The metal was ultiastely shipped to the Savannsh River and Hanford facilities
for reactor experiments.


Sonutractor or

Location Sub-Area Office
+; Bew York, New York Madison Square Area
an Middlesex, Hew Jersey Middlesex Warehouse”

ia University
ORAL Barten of Standariea —

Orend Total of Inventory

York, NewYork. -

\_ 7 dele ae

: tna Review = Dt, (Conta Ha OOE Clanibed llarcnoton
Wide,
Carries

‘ros Sr . This document consists of 7 pages
Bo. J of 3 copies, Series

jal oo
an Data! ination

. Waiter
Bp A Wee
p. F. Brown


June 1, 2005

Larry J. Elliott, MSPH, CIM

Director

Office of Compensation Analysis and Support
NIOSH MS-C-47

4676 Columbia Parkway

Cincinnati, OH 45226

Dear Mr. Elliott,

The enclosed affidavit from Dr. Rosalind Mendell includes information requested during
my SEC qualification phone call on May 23, 2005. She worked as a physicist in the
Radioactivity Lab at the National Bureau of Standards, Van Ness Street, Washington,
D.C. from mid-1944 until 1946, leaving six months after the end of World War Il. The
events she describes occurred during that time period.

In her affidavit, Dr. Mendell states, “In those days, there were no badges to monitor our
exposure to radiation; and samples were brought into the laboratory without information
as to the nature of the materials delivered.” I believe this statement will correct the
deficiency in Form B, Section F, Item F.1.

The other deficiency involved Form B. Section E, Item E.5. Dr. Mendell bas provided
additional information about the two incidents described in my submission. One is
exposure from a glass box that was wheeled into the laboratory; the other incident
involved a spill in the radium room. In addition she mentions handling radioactive
material from Oak Ridge.

If you need further information, you may contact me at 206-669-3386 or the address
above. Please make sure your records have that address as the Fed Ex package with the
letter concerning my SEC qualification phone call was sent to our previous address by
mistake. We moved to our-current-address in December and changed-our address with -
NIOSH immediately. Other NIOSH notifications have been sent to the correct address.
Dr. Mendel can be reached at R.B. Mendell, 89 Joyce Road, Hartsdale, NY 10530.

Respectfully,

obU


@ _TRANSCRIPTISTATEMENT @ FEDERAL SERVICE —————_@_ .
en mee a . Date of Birth (rim, da. yyy)

Soclal Sécurily Number i

TUiTeitation turmisnea Galbw, taken Toni OMCtal Tacords or Mie Federal Goveramiont, Should bis dealas Cunmuciney.. . od
- ae an - r we
SURE OF ACTION
EFFECTIVE DATE OR PERIOD | POSITION, GRADE:AND SALARY | AGENCY AND LOCATION REMARKS
-column used only for a {onmn.ddyyyy)
rip of employment)
FRONT TO
3/2 YM < ys User oe Capitan | 5
pratiyral Vitin. AbaLardc
Y, ’ ‘
Washurgtar. DC ‘
[ln f ' i t
: ; LAL ben !
5 : fr ~ A :
ee. Apyr-20dren ATR Hane. fda,
oy
: had
,
|
/ -
i
REY TO ABBREVIATIONS
Adjustments €XT -Extenstoig REASSION -Reassignment SuUSP Suspension
“Appointment FURL. -Futough : RIF -Roduction in Force eMP “Tomporary
PPT Career Apolaiment WNOEF Andefiniie REEMPL -Raamployment TERM -Tenninanon
OND APPT -Coreor Conditional LA Lotter of Authority REINS -Reinstalement TRANS Transfer
Appointment LwoP Leave Without Pay | REM sRamovet WGI -Willila Grado (neraase
Conditional MIL Mii . RESIG Resignahon WSIA War Service Indufionts Appoinungnt
Continuance PHYS DIABRET Physical Disablity Retirement RESTOR -Restovalion WSTA -War Service Tenparary
Conversion PROB +Probational ‘ RET -Rellrament Appoinuinent
-Demotion . PROM Promotion . RTD -Retun to Outy

-Exceplod 7 SEP “Soparaton ,



ts of 7 pages;

Procese Haterialdsccosccccccccesscseaccssanscscccevsccsees 15197,

shed Hatertals

Billeta.cecceces wot
Rexsfiucride... :
Orange Oxids : .

_ Bodseresesees 22,156

jorap Materials .
Currently Recoverable.+.seeses se 155,026

Potentially (not
. seousatealiy) Recoverable- +.» 103,630

@ Held in Trustecship...sssssecsese 66,613 - ‘ 605.267

Miscellaneous and Devolopmont..ccesecsoncecsosesesecconcoves 2,342

31 December 1916 $, 38,729.

I certify that to the best of my knowledge tie atove Aeventory of
Uranium Materials as of 31 Decenber 1946 is an soourate statement of



wae

Mr. John P. Allen

-2- 7716-78-AW-13

Special Projects Division 18 April 1978

I would Like to thank
tion. If any correcti

_ At/le

cc: =. Motr
R. Ramsey
R. Alten

bee: R. Kuhns

J. Dock yw '

you for your assistance in gathering this informs-
Ons are required please contact me at {301} 428-2709.

Very truly yours,

gH VnEk
drew Wallo III

Environmental Control Technology

Systems Evaluation Office

Environment and Energy
Conservation Division


The Middlesex Sampjing plant and the AEC portions of the Lake Ontario
Ordnance Works were used for storing the various Thorium products and wastes.
Middlesex was used for the compounds, scrap and residues while the ordnance
works was used more for nets} storage. .

Research in the refining of ores or sesidues, metal production,..or
metal working was conducted at University of Fowa, Battelle Memorial
Insitute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Argome National Laboratory as
well as at private company facilities such as those of Sylvania Corning
and Brush Breyllium.

In sddition to the facilities discussed above a mumber of other
companies were identified in AEC accountability records. However, the
type and quantity of thorium held by these companies 2s well as the type of
work has not yet been identified. These companies are listed in Table 1.
Records searches are presently in progress to obtain additional data
Telating to these companies.

* ACCOUNTABLE «FOR DATE COMMENT
POUNDS (Kgs) OF
THORIUM

D. Mackay 8.73 12/46
City Chemical Corp =i —itts—i«~i'LOiTM 12/46
General Chemical Co. 6.70 12/46
westinghouse Mfg. Co. 202.38 12/46

C. Spark Plug Co. 2.19 32/46
cabin University 3.06 12/46
aS i EE AS probably analysis
General Electric Research Lab 0.8133 of Thoriun 8/47

acetate
Hayden Chemical Co. . @3) 1/81-6/82
American Seelting § Refinery (4) 2450-12/50
Lanett Bleachery § Dye Norks (179)/(173) 1/$1-6/52/
: 7/52-6/53

University of Rochester 350 lbs of Nitrare 3/3/48 sequested from Maywood


. This document consists of 7 pages
No. 3 of Joopiss: ora

2 OE : ae [atoz

MADISON SQUARE AREA
THORIUM INVENTORY AS OF 31 DECEMBER 1916

: . Inventory in pounds
. Shorius Metal

otal

- Miecellancous Metal and Compounds .ecrccscees 16.75 Ibe. |

. IZ certify that to the best of my knowledge the sbore inventory
of Thorium Materials as of 31 December 1915 if an accurate statement

of physical inventory.

Signed Leo. &. 0, ea. bs.
LEWIS A. DEBLOIS, JR.
Ohier, Natal Accoustadility Records Branch

‘ , Approved
———G. W. SeseR
. . LJ ft

dolensl,; Corps of Inginsers ee ater

Acting Manager Unclassified;
By: KA. Water
Date: on
Bet a
tet Roviow~ Date, 7
Amsniey: EJADC (Gap
tawe_ mis ttalaann |
dank Marioers Date,

Form 7-2



ame es ee ae “Ee
var FO BERARTMENT ‘OF COMMERC aoc Ff

' ° |. WASHINGTON, D. c. 3
@. zo. Date prepared ee
. *~ . =
Name *s _ - VA.
Bureau ama j
. ‘This is to notify you of the following pereonnél a
-= : ices fs denttton, erate cad eter -
Z fe, ~,
“& F : .
7 5 FROM To
; Position " precios Faved Seimce Ata (Yayeies) '
: S25 of $1900 por am
i £
} “PTH ‘notice is BOE tobe accebted 2a ;
t . Companied by official credentials, .



i

[lowers i ~

7 ae : — doc. Abe 3

Dre B. Us. Condon 28 March 1546

Fb-may_be-well te. note.ab thts polht that’ he Hablousl —
Dareax ef Stans by tary prevides theonly. conplete fauitity -
available to. this .offies for the sialysis of project materials, The
flexibility. of the arrangement hes always been of particular value,
ainse it has permitted routine or emergency smelyses ranging from
eouplete charactorisations of the mulity of materials to thw precise
devternination of minute quantities of valmble constitusnte.

It 2s our hepe that the foregoing information will perait you
to make the necessary deeisions as to the extent of the facilities to
be devoted to the future work at this isboratory.

Very truly yours,

, EB, XELLEY.
LG. Colo, Corps of Rginesra,
area woginser

Cot Drs Ge Re He Lundell

Dre C. Je Rodden
The District Rugineer —~

ees

shy


SCHEDULE OF PROCUREMENT OF THORIUM

BY THE MAMMATTAN DISTRICT

(Start of Operations thru 12/32/16)

IORA STATE COLLEGE
Lindssy Light & Chemical Companye.cccssecorees

CLIBTOR LABORATORIES
TAndsay Light & Chemical Compamysrcsccessccces
108 ANGELES

De MBCKRYs cor cvcccccvcatetyccccesrenevesseeees

wood Chemical Workssccceccvevsvsccccss
Hivacay Bight & Chemical Company.
City Chemical Corporation-sorcees
General Chemical Companyescecsceveccses

cHICAGG -
Lindesy Light & Chemical Companyeesessoensrcoe
Westinghouse Manufacturing baa Sienennn

. wwthle

= Da
esas Cer

| Andessty: ~ vueinad

dad Review Das a tt O98 Cuntied laine f

[Asters ADO

Pane:

~

fF 2 oF This deczment coaix
- jo.

Poands Thorium Metal

16,3762
175-86



i.
2.
3.

5.
6.
Te
8.

- . , This docuzsnt sensists of 7 pages
Ho. 3 of gecpies, Series ae

MADISON SQUARE AREA
HISTORICAL SUMMARY AS OF 31 DSCENEER 1946

Pounds Thoriun Metal

Receipts from Other Areas to 31 Decenber 1946 ..6. 12.52
Miscellaneous Eeceipts to 33 Pecember IGS -o.sses 5.30
Shipaents to 31 Decenber 1946 ocenennececccseeoene 206
DPilforense ‘ 36.75

—_

Guventory av of $1 December 1946 coccceseccsrecsee 15075
From Losses sessccseee 0
Uninown Losses «.e0e.ce o Total Losses ove 0

Inventory plus Losses 26275
Item equals Item & 7 ; : '
. petal Re on
% Lose (oumlative to 12/33/46 anak vetarsing! { ) x
% Lous for last six monthe of 1915 Pec a. Q %
‘Date pt Reet

I certify that to the best of my knowledge the above inventory of |
Thoriue Materials ax of 33 Deoeaber ote. is an accurate atatesant of
physical inventory.

Lewis 4. DEBLOIS, JR.
Chief, Metal Asoountability Records Branch







Madison Square Area

DETAIL OF YEAR-END INVENTORY,

Contractor or
Location SubvAron Office
Middlesex, New Jersey MAdélesex Warehouse
Grand Junction, Colorado Grand Junotion Warshouse + 5 _ 9,289
St. Louis, Missouri Mallinckrodt Chemical Works . ; 821,889
Robertson, Mgssourd St. Louis Area Enginesr -  ¢ 36,854
(srport Site) ,f%
Tyson, Missouri St. Louis Area Engineer { 208,210
{tyson Valley Powier Fern) : °
8b. Louis, Missourd St. Lowis Area Engineer "$4,277
Penns Grove, Hew Jersey BR. Ie da Font de Hencurs & Cos _ , 294,582
Cleveland, Ohio Barahew Chemical Works + "146,390
Beverly, Massachusectte Metal. Hydrides, Ino. A 262,797
Chdcago, Tllincis Chicago Area Engineer 5,660
Miegare Falls, New York Electro Metallurgical Co. 248
Wew York, New York x . ase

Princeton, New Jersey Princeton University 32
Biagere Palis, ew York Madison Gquace Area (Beker Guith Area} 59,986
Buffalo, New York Madison Square Area (Haist Property) 86,482
Niagara Falls, Wew York Medison Square see {Lake Ontario 49,387
Ordnance Works =

ESL, 705,

WIM ECLY DES MATERIPR AL fAEWESTLSE AREA aS

Intrensit as of 12/31/48

Prom 3 I. du Pont da ¥esours & Co. to Hershaw Chemical Works

(Bromn Oxide) 40,210
Prom Mallinckrodt Cheaical Works to Middlesex Storage
(Orange Oxide & K-65 Residues) 45,728
Prom etel Hydrides, Inc. to Chiosgo Area Engineer
(Bege) 203
Frou Middlesex Warehouse to EB. I. du Pont de Nemours, Ince
{XeS5 Material) 49,946
Prom-fysen-Valley Porter Parn-to Vitro Masufsoturing.Cos. - wee cues
(308 Residues) $0,927
fotal Intransit 167,014
Grand Total of Inventory $_538,739
Notes

aaa
‘As of Devomber 32, 1546,?thare was 38.75 lbs. of C-616 in transi}
Project K-25 to Harsha Thenécal Company. This uaterial hes ocr aaitted
from the above inventory, as it was not received in Madison Square Arosa until

danuary 2, 1547. . :

one : manne document consists of 7
; ; jo. F 4 ~

a


Form 4-20
NOT TO BE ACCEPTED AS AUTHORITY FOR INVESTIGATION OPERATIONS UNLESS ACCOMPANIED BY OFFICIAL CREDENTIALS.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

APPOINTMENT DIVISION
WASHINGTON

May 13, 1931.

Through the Director, Bureau of Standards.

Sir:

You have been appointed, subject to taking the oath of office,

i Laboratory Apprentice

in the. Bureay of Standards

Ten Hundred and Twenty dollars per_annum_

at a salary of.

effective upon entrance on duty.

Nature of appointment: Probationary.

rtificate No. 15293,

Civil Service authority:

Classification allocation: SP-1,

y
Appropriation (unit): Bureau of Standards.
Vice:R, H, ‘elillin, ye"
” Legal Residence: :rxensas. 4\
a


Stagdand Form Form 68
UL 8, O1VIL i, SERVICE eB Consat0n

Rati,

6,
Approval expires, ‘90, 1948,

NOTICE OF OFFICIAL

EFFICIENCY RATING

PROUEEIONR. oc emai? PAS {|

As Mareh-32,-2945 based on performance during period from Aprid-1,-294e to —March-32.5-1945

T¥ag... “Hetionel-Hureau-of-Stantardy: ioeaanhineton-

Efficioney rating: .......\ (2.

UN 4 2 1945
(aie of notation) ig
Interpretation of Eiflelency Rating ~ Significance of Efficlency Ratings
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Oe Be So ane)

LINKING LEGACSES

Easly Research and Development

Much of the early theoretical and experimental work that led to development of the first nuctear weapon
1 was accomplished outside the United States. For example, Rutherford’s artificial transmutation of

nitrogen into oxygen in 1919 (England); Chadwick's discovery of ‘the neutron in 1932 (England); Fermi’s
early work with neutron bombardment in 1934 (Italy), and Hahn and Strassmann’s discovery of the
process of fission in uranium (Germany).

CIN TRe Uhited Siates, nitcleat physics research was being’ at many institutions; incuding the Univer”
“sity OF California at Berkeley, Columbia University; Princeton University, the University of Minnesota, the
University of Wisconsin, Stanford University, Purdue University, Iowa State College, Comell University,
the Rice Institute, the University of Chicago, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the University of
Rochester, Harvard Universit y, the University of Hlinois, and the Camegie institute of Washington and
ahe National Bureay of Standards, American researchers made a number of fundamental contributions,
such as Exjiest Lawrence's operation of the world’s fitst particle accelerator, the cyclotron, in 1932 and
later development of electromagnetic isotope separation; Bohr and Wheelers 1939 work on fission theory
at Princeton; Zinn, Anderson, Fermi and Szilard’s, chain reaction and pite experiments at Columbia
University in 1939-40; Danning and Nier’s wark on urartium-235 fission at Columbia and Minnesota; and
the 1941 discovery of plutonium by Seaborg and his colleagues at Berkeley.

By mid-1942, government support resulted in research being concentrated at Columbia University
(gaseous diffusion and gas centrifuge for uranium separations), Berkeley (electromagnetic process for
uranium separations), and University of Chicago Metallurgical Laboratory (chain reacting pile to produce
plutonium). The thermal diffusion process for uranium separation had been dropped from consideration
to produce material for a weapon but retained by the Navy for propulsion research, Many commercial
organizations were involved in Manhattan Project research. Some of the larget contributors were Et.

du Pont de Nemours, Monsanto Chemical Company, Westinghouse Electric Company, and the
Mallinckrodt Chemical Works.

Construction of a centralized laboratory for atomic bomb research and production began at Los Alamos,”
New Mexico (called “Site Y”), in November, 1942. In March, 1943, scientists and technicians began
arriving at the laboratory. Early organization featured theory, experimental physics, chemistry and
metallurgy, ordnance groups and many shops. The laboratory’s mission was 10 develop and apply chain
reaction and fissile material assembly theory, measure the physical, chemica), and nuclear parameters of
various materials, develop processes for chemically purifying and fashioning uranium and plutonium,
and engineer the final bombs. Initially, research concentrated on the “gun assembly” device, which
assembled two subcritical masses irito a supercritical mass using a gunbarrel. After it was discovered that
this method would not work with plutonium because of its high neutron background, development of
the plutoniurs bomb concentrated on implosion. Implosion uses explosives to compress a subcritical

Log Alamos was assisted in its task by many other laboratories. The University of Michigan developed
radar fuses and ordnance research. Scientists at the Dahigren Naval Proving Ground, in Virginia, also
performed ordnance research and development for the Manhattan Project. Explosives and gun propel-
lant research at the Explosives Research Laboratory in Bruceton, Permsyivania was crucial to the develop-
ment of the atomic bomb, The Naval Guin Factory in Washington, D.C. made test guns for the devefop-
ment of the gun assembly device. Monsanto developed purification techniques for the poionium used in
the initiators. Ohio State University researched the properties and manufacture of liquid deuterium.
Phutoniam chemistry and metallurgy were researched at U.C. Berkeley and the University of Chicago.
Crucibles for reducing plutonium to metal without introducing, light-element impurities were developed
and manufactured by MIT, Iowa State College and Brown University. Experimental detonators came
from the Hercules Powder Company. The “Camel” project, managed by the California Institute of
‘Fechnology (CalTech) began in late 1944 to stady weapon assembly mechanisms and combat delivery and
40 research and engineer specialized components induding detonators.

200


°

processing to sodium salts .

The black oxide wae further refined to orange oxide { ) at the
Mellinckrodt Plant, St. Louis, MO. Brown oxide (UO,
Sees rent ge ab tbe duPont Plant, Deepwater, Wy

he green salts were utilised in metal mamifacturing by duPont; Mallinckrodt;
ows State University, Ames, Iowa; Westinghouse, Bloomfield, NJ; Brush
Laboratories, Cleveland, Ohio; Electromet, Niagara Falls, NY; and Metal
Rydrides, Inc., Beverly, MA. . t

The metals manufactured by these various companies vere then shipped to
the Hanford Site at Richland, Washington, for use in ‘the X-10 process.

AQL the companies and locations noted in flow of Uranium ores, tailings, .
or slimes to the finished product have been accounted for in the listing .

of "MED-AEC-ERDA Sites Previously Used" as complied by KOT. There were
ne companies or organizations that could not be accounted for in this
phase of the MED history that T reviewed.

4a a side note, the Thorium obtsined for R&D at Iowa State College was
all procured by Linisay Light and Chemical Co., West Chicago, I. This
company is also accounted for in the eforem listing.

Quality control of various processes in the ore/metal-chain-were done-by
University of Chicago, Metallurgy Lab, Chicago, IL; Princeton University,
Princeton, RJ; MIT, Cambridge, MA; and NBS, Washington, DC. All these
organizations are on the aforementioned 14 i

A
S Lf. lta Orr,
or’ Y, Whitman, Assistant

to the Director
Bioenvirommental Sciences Division


de le Ifversan, ASEV
& BH, Greenietgh, GC

RB. Ge Bewlett, Historian's
Office, XS . n

In our efforts to develop a couplete identification of formerly
utilized sites, ve bad Arthur J; Whiten of the Nevada Operstions Office
develop the enclosed sumary of relationships among the sites from the

MED history. The review provides an interesting perspective and Sdenti- —

f4ea the functions of the various sites considered in the Formerly
Utsiized MED/AEC Site Survey Program. .

.

“Am stated
ce w/o encl: A. J. Whitman, HV

ls?
Willies &. Mott, Director

Division of Environmental
fontrol Technology

" poe Germantown.

bec: ¥. E, Mott, ECT
. Frost, ospac REPOSITORY BSE aneE FES
COLLECT _ JOB ESAs
Box No. 227 - a
. Wn? F LN Meri tials SAOLDS :
ze, Bors ser hie Co daxSr,, sing

mupliSes:cav wesc

02/18/78 01/2778,



LINKING LEGACIES

28

“The Port Hope uranium refinery in Ontario, Canads, refined uranium for the Manhatten Project, and fos the next 20 years it refined

Refinery, Blind River, Ontario, Canada. August 25, 1986.

cranium for the US. nuclear weapons program. Eldorado Urenitan

Mallinckrodt in St. Louis, Missouri; DuPont in Deepwater, New Jersey; and Iowa State University also
produced uranium metal using the magnesium process. Metal Hydrides, DuPont, and lowa State re-
cycled scarce uranium scrap. Quality control was provided by the University of Chicago Metallurgical
“MetLab”), Princeton University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, amaixthe
- ——

ra

Beginning in 1944, the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant converted UO, to uranium tetrachloride (UCI,) feed for the
Calutron electromagnetic spectrograph. Harshaw and DuPont produced hexafluoride (UF,) from UF, as
feed for the S-50 Thermal Diffusion and K-25 Gaseous Diffusion projects in Oak Ridge. By early 1945, the
$-50 and K-25 plants, were supplying low-enriched UE, which was also converted to UCI, at ¥-12 to be
further enriched in Calutrons.

In 1945, the HEU (also called “Oralloy,” for Qak Ridge Alloy) from the Calutrons was converted at Y-12
into UF, and sent to Los Alamos. ‘The Los Alamos Chemistry and Metallurgy Division further purified
the HEtS and reduced it to metal for the “Little Boy” atomic bomb. Refining highly enriched uranium
(HEU) required special considerations because of criticality and security concerns.

Post-Was Uranium Purchases

“After the War, the United States continued to import uranium from Canada and the Beigian Congo.
Australia, South Africa, Portugal, and other nations also exported uranium to the United States. The
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) began a program to stimulate the domestic mining and milling of
uranium in 1948; as a result, the domestic uranium mining and milling industry grew rapidly. Hundseds
ofuranium mines in New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, Utah, Oregon, Texas, Wyoming, and Washington


This notice is not to’ be Secepted a as authority for in
companied by official tials,



LINKING LEGACIES doc Aun

—pe

Figure 8-3, Fon SF WASTEHGIS Trough the Muciear Weapons Contes one of fur)
follewing dingrases Hestreic the; reacterials in the US muclear weapons comple: daring the four majar phases of its evoltion,
biel Cars hee spare Ne i ie reek oe tape fetiesofeah epee

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120



RB. Mendel

96-TE-O5ACT226 RCV

To whom it may concern:

‘and I shared the same laboratory on Van Ness Street in the National
Bureau of Standards during Worid War Il. I did remember in years gone by that our
laboratory was located on Van Ness Street. | did not remember the building number,
but the documents which | have now seen show that it was the notorious Building
Number 2.

| arrived in Washinaton in mid-1944, when my husband was transferred from
cw . Lo. to Washington D.C., where the army trained him first at
Catholic University in Japanese and then in Vint Hill, Virginia, in preparation for
cryptography. | left Washington in 1946, when my husband was released from the US
army six months after the end of WWII.

Shortly after | arrived in Washington, | was hired by Leon Curtiss of the National
Bureau of Standards to work on the alpha particle spectroscopy of "W Metal.” Such
was the degree of secrecy (classification) of the Manhattan Project in our area. In
Principle, | was not kept informed about the nature of my research. | knew that | was
working on a project involving artificially induced fission of uranium only because |
knew the energy of alpha particles from U235 and U238, because i could see the
occasional huge pulses from natural fission of uranium, and because | was measuring
the gradual enrichment of U235 alpha particles relative to those from U238. After all,
my M.S. from Cornell University was in experimental nuclear physics.The information
that i needed for my hypotheses had appeared in the physics journals before alf such
information became classified. As time progressed, | observed the enrichment of U235
relative to U238 from my measurements, My data was being used by Oak Ridge in
relation to their enrichment program that used gaseous diffusion of uranium. Uranium
enriched with U235 was eventally used in the fission bomb that fell on Hiroshima.

experiment invalved special Geiger counters. My brief record of that

period tells me that | also did some work with special Geiger counters, but my chief
recollection was of electroplating the solutions of uranium salt and then putting the
samples in my ionization chamber for measuring the energy and counting rates of the
alpha particles. 7 i

~ trthosedays, there were'no badges to imoriitor’ our exposuré to radiation: and
samples were brought into the laboratory without information as to the nature of the
materials delivered. | do remember one incident of frightening proportions. One day a
large glass case, about S feet high, was rolled into our laboratory not too far from my
equipment. The case contained rather large thin pieces of shiny metal. At some point
during the day, gan to fill his experimental geiger counter with gas generated
in his glass apparatus. The laboratory was rather large and Burrell's experiment was at
the other end of the laboratory from my apparatus and the glass case. When Burrell
turned on his electronics, he was shocked to find no geiger counts from natural
background radiation. He said that something was wrong with his apparatus; he began
making tests. Nothing worked.

Eventually | made a suggestion, "Let me roll the alass case out of the room, and
we'll see what happens." What did happen was that . counter began to count
furiously once the case was out of the laboratory, with the door closed. In short, the


| nn) August 1, 1945.

¢

ca) that your ‘Sonpensation’ has boen changed
ae
ade #n acoordance + -th th provisions of Setion H

pier 06, 79th Congress, etroctive 792-5

A fr loncgoin

Iygian J. Briggs, rector



®

°

“HISTORY (CLASSIFIED DOCUMENTS) - MED .

THRU: ‘Robert W. Ramsey, dv., Assistant Director for Nuclear F
Division of Exvironmental Control Technology; DOE-HQ

of eight (8) books containing 36
vided into parts and sections. <The bi

Mr. Robert W. Ramsey, Jr. asked that I review the subject documents
to ascertain if the list of sites, previously used (during the Manhatten
District activities) for operations involving Urauium ores, oxides, . - Lot
daughter 's or other related radioactive materials, was complete “fs
in that no locations associated with the MED were-omitted fromthe | 2
previously compiled list of sites. I understood that the subject
documents were not reviewed by those that compiled the original list
“MED-AEC-ERDA Previously Used Sites." - %

of

% make an indepth review of the MED history would take an undue length
of time and produce much unusable data (in regard to the information
Yequired). Therefore, Hook I, volume I, -which contained general informa- 3
tion including a combined table of contents (appendix B) was reviewed. 5
Thig table of cantents was broken down by book, volume, chapter; section, 7
and/or paregraph and appendices. Also within the table of contents was

an introduction to the history which includes, in paragraph number 1-5, . .
page 1.15, "What the History Contains.” This peragraph gives very —
briefly (a paragraph to a few pages) a deseription of the content for
the various books amd volumes.

Tye comprehensive table of contents was reviewed to determine what
books would be applicable to, and furnish the information requested by,
“Mr. Ramsey. It appeared from this study that Book Vil, Volume 1 and 2,
entitled "Feed Material, Special Procurement and Geographical Explora-
t4on," would furnish the required data, In conjunction with Book Vir,
Book I, volume 9, was also read. This volume entitled "Priorities
ProgranTM only mentions uranium once when the "Uranium Project" was
given the highest priority by President Roosevelt. The volume does
not Giscuss "feed material end talks to non-radioactive materials,

rez: steel, alumimm, silver, machinery, luaber, etc.

Based on the above, attention was focused on the content of Bock VII,
Volume 1. The information contained therein contained data relative

to feed materials and special procurement. . Part A was “General Features."
"Part B-Procurement” dealt with materials from Africa, Canada, ami the
U.S., Market and Miscellaneous Procurement, and Procurement of Other



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