United States Bankruptcy Appellate Panel

FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT

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No. 04-6029EA

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In re: *

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Curtis A. Crofford and *

Maria E. Crofford *

*

Debtors. *

*

* Appeal from the United States

Kathy A. Cruz * Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern

* District of Arkansas

Interested Party - Appellant, *

*

v. *

*

Conseco Finance Servicing Corp. *

*

Creditor - Appellee. *

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Submitted: December 1, 2004

Filed: December 14, 2004

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Before SCHERMER, FEDERMAN, and VENTERS, Bankruptcy Judges.

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VENTERS, Bankruptcy Judge.
1

 The Honorable Audrey R. Evans, United States Bankruptcy Court for the

Eastern District of Arkansas.

2

This is an appeal of an order of the bankruptcy court1 determining appropriate

sanctions on remand. For the reasons stated below, we affirm the bankruptcy court’s

order.

 

I. STANDARD OF REVIEW

The imposition of sanctions involves a consideration of three types of issues:

factual, legal, and discretionary. Cooter & Gell v. Hartmarx Corp., 496 U.S. 384,

399, 110 S.Ct. 2447, 2457, 110 L.Ed.2d 359 (1990). A court considers factual

questions regarding the nature of the attorney's inquiry prior to filing the pleading and

the factual basis for the pleading. Next, the court considers legal issues to determine

if the pleading is warranted by existing law or a good faith argument for a change in

the law and whether the attorney's conduct violated Fed. R. Bankr. P. 9011. Finally,

if the court determines that sanctions are warranted, it exercises discretion to ensure

the sanction is appropriately tailored to the situation. Id.

Neither the facts nor the law underlying the bankruptcy court’s determination

of whether sanctions are appropriate is in dispute. Therefore, we review the award

of sanctions here for an abuse of discretion. Cooter & Gell, 496 U.S. at 399; Gordon

v. Unifund CCR Partners, 345 F.3d 1028, 1030 (8th Cir. 2003).

 

II. BACKGROUND

This is the second appeal of sanctions imposed against Kathy A. Cruz (“Cruz”),

counsel for the Debtors, Curtis A. Crofford and Maria E. Crofford (“Debtors”). The

issue in the first appeal was whether the court properly imposed monetary sanctions

on Cruz payable to Conseco Finance Servicing Corp. (“Conseco”) pursuant to 11
2

 The bankruptcy court’s original order imposing sanctions was entered on

November 14, 2002.

3

 See Crofford for a detailed discussion of the conduct warranting the

imposition of sanctions against Cruz. Id. at 882-83.

3

U.S.C. § 105 and Rule 9011.2 Crofford v. Conseco (In re Crofford), 301 B.R. 880

(B.A.P. 8th Cir. 2003) (“Crofford”).3

 The Panel concluded that the court: (1) gave

proper notice authorizing an award of sanctions pursuant to Rule 9011(c)(1)(B); (2)

properly exercised its discretion determining that sanctions were appropriate under

Rule 9011; and (3) properly exercised its discretion in setting an appropriate dollar

amount ($3,000) as the sanction. Id. at 882. However, the Panel also determined

that: (1) the court failed to provide notice of its intent to impose sanctions pursuant

to 11 U.S.C. § 105 and therefore could not rely on such provision for the award of

sanctions; and (2) the court's ability to award monetary sanctions was limited by Rule

9011(c)(2) to an award payable to the court. Id. Accordingly, the Panel partially

affirmed and partially reversed and remanded the court’s order. The mandate on

remand was to determine the appropriate sanctions under the circumstances. Crofford

was issued on December 8, 2003. 

On January 12, 2004, Conseco filed a motion requesting a hearing to determine

the appropriate sanctions and to clarify the basis upon which sanctions were being

considered. In lieu of a formal response, Cruz’s counsel emailed to the court a letter

arguing that the decision of the Eighth Circuit Court of appeals, Norsyn, Inc. v. Desai,

351 F.3d 825 (8th Cir. 2003) (“Norsyn”), issued shortly after Crofford was decided,

precluded the award of sanctions under the circumstances and that no further hearing

was necessary. On April 13, 2004, at the hearing requested by Conseco, Cruz’s

counsel reiterated that no further hearing was necessary. He did not make any

argument regarding procedural due process. At the conclusion of the hearing, the

court took Conseco’s motion under advisement.
4

On April 21, 2004, the court entered an order denying Conseco’s motion for

hearing and for clarification, determining that the sanctions previously imposed on

Cruz and payable to Conseco should be modified to be payable to the court, and

ordering Conseco to disgorge to the Court the $3,000 Cruz had already paid. The

court also determined that Norsyn did not dictate a different result.

III. DISCUSSION

Cruz makes two equally frivolous arguments in this appeal. Cruz argues (1)

that her procedural due process rights were violated and (2) that the court erred by not

finding that Norsyn dictated a different result. Both of these arguments are without

merit.

A. Cruz was not denied due process.

Cruz’s due process argument is (apparently) that Crofford caused the court’s

original notice to show cause why sanctions should not be imposed under Rule

9011(c)(1)(B) to be “abandoned” because Crofford reversed the court’s award of

sanctions payable to Conseco, and, therefore, Cruz argues, she did not have adequate

notice of the sanctions being considered by the court on remand. Cruz points to

Conseco’s motion requesting a hearing and clarification of the basis on which

sanctions were being considered as proof that there was insufficient notice of the

sanctions under consideration by the court.

Cruz’s argument here misconstrues the content and effect of the Panel’s

decision in Crofford. Crofford’s reversal and remand of the court did not affect the

court’s determination that a sanction was warranted and appropriate. Moreover,

Crofford specifically held that Cruz received sufficient notice that sanctions under

Rule 9011(c)(1)(B) were being considered against her. In fact, it was Crofford’s

specific finding that Cruz only received notice of sanctions under Rule 9011(c)(1)(B)

that invalidated the imposition of sanctions payable to Conseco. To be payable to
4

 Only sanctions initiated by motion of an aggrieved party may be payable to

the movant; sanctions imposed on a court’s initiative must be paid to the Court. 

Fed. R. Bank. P. 9011(c)(2).

5

 Cruz actually couches this argument in terms of the bankruptcy court’s

alleged error in not ruling that Norsyn is “controlling.” But the bankruptcy court

did not hold that Norsyn did not control the outcome; to the contrary, the

bankruptcy court determined that its holding was consistent with Norsyn.

6

 Although the court in Norsyn vacated the award of sanctions in that case,

we do not read Norsyn as requiring the vacation of the bankruptcy court’s order

imposing sanctions on Cruz. Norsyn did not contain a specific ruling requiring

that vacation was necessary; it was only the court’s choice of disposing of the

lower court’s judgment. 

5

Conseco, the sanctions would have to be predicated on Rule 9011(c)(1)(A). Fed. R.

Bankr. P. 9011(c)(2).4

 On remand, the court simply corrected its error by making the

sanction award comport with the notice given. In other words, Cruz originally had

notice (upheld on appeal) that sanctions under Rule 9011(c)(1)(B) were being

considered against her and, ultimately, those were the sanctions imposed. In addition

to the clarity of Crofford’s holding, mandate, and the subsequent order of the court,

Cruz’s suggestion that she did not have notice is belied by her admission(s) that no

hearing was necessary and by her failure to raise due process concerns at the

bankruptcy court’s April 13, 2004 hearing.

B. The result reached by Crofford and the bankruptcy court is consistent

with Norsyn.

Cruz’s second argument – that the court erred in not ruling that Norsyn dictated

the vacation of sanctions – misinterprets the holding in Norsyn.

5

 Norsyn did not hold,

as Cruz suggests, that sanctions have to be vacated in their entirety when a trial court

improperly awards attorney’s fees to an aggrieved party where the court, not the

aggrieved party, initiated the imposition of sanctions.6

 Norsyn simply held that under

Rule 9011 a court may not award sanctions payable to another party on the court’s
7 Crofford, 301 B.R. at 887.

6

own motion. Norsyn, 351 F.3d at 831. And that is exactly what Crofford held;7 thus,

the reversal and remand of the court’s order imposing sanctions against Cruz payable

to Conseco. Crofford, however, also ruled that the sanctions imposed would have

been appropriate if the bankruptcy court had ordered them to be paid to the court,

whereas Norsyn did not comment on the appropriateness of the sanctions. Crofford,

301 B.R. at 886-87; Norsyn, 351 F.3d at 831. Because the bankruptcy court’s order

modified the sanctions to be payable to the court, it is consistent with Crofford and

Norsyn.

IV. CONCLUSION

For the reasons stated above, we affirm the order of the bankruptcy court

imposing $3,000 sanctions on Kathy A. Cruz, payable to the court.