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SEC Petition Evaluation Report

Petition SEC-00229

Report Rev Number: 0

Report Submittal Date: November 2, 2015

Subject Expert(s): Chris Miles, Vince King, Jason Davis

Site Expert(s): N/A

Petition Administrative Summary

Petition Under Evaluation

Petition Number: SEC-00229

Petition Type: 83.14

Petition A Receipt Date: October 27, 2015

DOE/AWE Facility Name: Battelle Laboratories – King Avenue

Petition Class

NIOSH-Proposed Class Definition: All Atomic Weapons Employees who worked at the facility owned by 

the Battelle Laboratories at the King Avenue site in Columbus, Ohio, 

during the period from July 1, 1956 through December 31, 1970, for a 

number of work days aggregating at least 250 work days, occurring 

either solely under this employment or in combination with work days 

within the parameters established for one or more other classes of 

employees in the Special Exposure Cohort.

Related Petition Summary Information 

SEC Petition Tracking Number(s): SEC-00208

Petition Type: 83.14

DOE/AWE Facility Name: Battelle Laboratories – King Avenue

Petition Status: Class added to the SEC for April 16, 1943 through June 30, 1956

Related Evaluation Report Information

Report Title: SEC Petition Evaluation Report for Petition SEC-00208

DOE/AWE Facility Name: Battelle Laboratories – King Avenue

ORAU Preparation and Review

ORAU Lead Technical Evaluator: Christopher Miles

ORAU Peer Review Completed By: Michael Kubiak

DCAS Review and Approval

Peer Review Completed By: [Signature on File]

Timothy Taulbee

November 2, 2015

SEC Petition Evaluation Reviewed 

By: 

[Signature on File] 

James W. Neton 

November 2, 2015

SEC Petition Evaluation Reviewed 

By: 

[Signature on File] 

Stuart L. Hinnefeld

November 2, 2015
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Evaluation Report Summary: SEC-00229, 

Battelle Laboratories – King Ave.

This evaluation report by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 

addresses a class of employees proposed for addition to the Special Exposure Cohort (SEC) per the 

Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 

§ 7384 et seq. (EEOICPA) and 42 C.F.R. pt. 83, Procedures for Designating Classes of Employees 

as Members of the Special Exposure Cohort Under the Energy Employees Occupational Illness 

Compensation Program Act of 2000. 

Previous Class Evaluated by NIOSH 

In its 2012 Evaluation Report for Petition SEC-00208, NIOSH defined a single class of employees for 

which it could not estimate radiation doses with sufficient accuracy from April 16, 1943 through June 

30, 1956. This infeasibility was due primarily to a lack of internal monitoring data for individuals 

potentially exposed to airborne radioactive materials. NIOSH also concluded in the 2012 evaluation 

that external dose reconstruction was infeasible for the period April 16, 1943 through December 31, 

1950. 

NIOSH-Proposed Class to be Added to the SEC 

Since issuing the 2012 SEC-00208 Evaluation Report, NIOSH has continued the evaluation of the 

post-June 30, 1956 period and have concluded that there are insufficient data to estimate thorium 

intakes from July 1, 1956 through December 31, 1970. 

Based on its continued research on thorium operations conducted after its 2012 Evaluation Report, 

NIOSH has concluded that there are insufficient data available to estimate thorium intakes, including 

their associated progeny, prior to 1971. NIOSH is therefore proposing to expand the class of 

employees for which NIOSH recommends inclusion in the SEC. 

The 83.14 class presently being recommended for inclusion in the SEC includes: All Atomic Weapons 

Employees who worked at the facility owned by the Battelle Laboratories at the King Avenue site in 

Columbus, Ohio, during the period from July 1, 1956 through December 31, 1970, for a number of 

work days aggregating at least 250 work days, occurring either solely under this employment or in 

combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more other classes of 

employees in the Special Exposure Cohort. 

Feasibility of Dose Reconstruction

In addition to the dose reconstruction infeasibilities identified in the 2012 Evaluation Report, NIOSH 

now finds it is not feasible to estimate internal exposures with sufficient accuracy for all workers at 

the site from July 1, 1956 through December 31, 1970. NIOSH has determined that there is 

insufficient information to estimate internal dose from intakes of thorium, and their associated 

progeny, from July 1, 1956 through December 31, 1970. NIOSH has determined however, that partial 

internal dose reconstructions can be performed for workers who were monitored for thorium intakes 

during this period. 
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The NIOSH dose reconstruction feasibility findings for this current evaluation are based on the 

following: 

• Principal sources of internal radiation dose for members of the evaluated class included exposures 

to uranium and thorium and their decay products. The modes of thorium exposure were inhalation 

and ingestion during the research and processing of thorium metal, ceramics, solutions, and 

concentrates, or during the subsequent re-suspension of thorium. 

• In this current evaluation, NIOSH has determined that there are insufficient data available to 

bound intakes of thorium and their associated progeny for the period from July 1, 1956 through 

December 31, 1970. Although the vast majority of thorium work at Battelle Laboratories – King 

Avenue took place prior to 1957 (nearly 10,000 kg of thorium processed from 1951-1956), 

sporadic thorium work continued at least through 1969. Based on documented thorium surveys 

conducted in 1970, it appears that the potential for thorium exposure continued into that year as 

well. 

• A melting operation involving Mg, Li, and Th metals was conducted in June 1963 without 

notifying the Health and Safety office. Once the operation was identified, Health and Safety staff

took action and reported that: (1) no respiratory protection was used the first day of the melts 

[June 24, 1963]; (2) the melting furnace was hooded, but the pouring operation was not vented; 

and (3) the men involved said they would report all future use of radioactive metal to the safety 

office. This latter point indicates that, in the past, workers might or might not have notified the 

Health and Safety office of radiological work. As a result, the Health and Safety records might or 

might not be covering all of the thorium work. 

• NIOSH has now concluded that there are insufficient internal dosimetry data or air monitoring 

data available to estimate thorium intakes prior to 1971. Although there are limited air-monitoring 

data for thorium during the period of 1961 through 1969, the dates of monitoring do not correlate 

well with other data showing thorium receipts and thorium processing at the laboratories. NIOSH 

has therefore concluded that these air monitoring data may not be representative of all thorium 

processing at Battelle Laboratories – King Avenue and/or the available data indicating dates and 

quantities of thorium processed during the 1960s may be incomplete. 

• Based on the lack of internal dose monitoring data or air monitoring data for Battelle Laboratories 

– King Avenue workers during the period from July 1, 1956 through December 31, 1970, NIOSH 

has determined that sufficiently accurate internal dose reconstruction for thorium exposures is not 

feasible. However, NIOSH has identified sufficient information and data to support bounding 

internal dose estimates for thorium after December 31, 1970 when there appears to have been no 

operations or work with thorium. 

• NIOSH finds that it is feasible to reconstruct occupational medical dose for Battelle Laboratories - 

King Avenue workers with sufficient accuracy from July 1, 1956 through December 31, 1970.

• NIOSH finds that it is feasible to reconstruct external dose for Battelle Laboratories - King 

Avenue workers with sufficient accuracy after December 31, 1950. 
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• Although NIOSH found that it is not possible to completely reconstruct internal radiation doses 

for the proposed class, NIOSH intends to use any internal monitoring data that may become 

available for an individual claim (and that can be interpreted using existing NIOSH dose 

reconstruction processes or procedures). Therefore, dose reconstructions for individuals employed 

at Battelle Laboratories – King Avenue during the period from July 1, 1956 through December 31, 

1970, but who do not qualify for inclusion in the SEC, may be performed using these data as 

appropriate. 

• NIOSH concludes pursuant to 42 C.F.R. § 83.13(c)(1), that there is sufficient information to 

either: (1) estimate the maximum radiation dose, for every type of cancer for which radiation 

doses are reconstructed, that could have been incurred under plausible circumstances by any 

member of the class; or (2) estimate the radiation doses of members of the class more precisely 

than a maximum dose estimate for the period at Battelle Laboratories – King Avenue after 

December 31, 1970. 

Health Endangerment Determination

Per EEOICPA and 42 C.F.R. § 83.13(c)(3), a health endangerment determination is required because 

NIOSH has determined that it does not have sufficient information to estimate dose for the members 

of the proposed class from July 1, 1956 through December 31, 1970. 

NIOSH did not identify any evidence supplied by the petitioner or from other resources that would 

establish that the proposed class was exposed to radiation during a discrete incident likely to have 

involved exceptionally high-level exposures. However, evidence indicates that some workers in the 

proposed class may have accumulated substantial chronic exposures through episodic intakes of 

radionuclides, combined with external exposures to gamma, beta, and neutron radiation. 

Consequently, NIOSH has determined that health was endangered for those workers covered by this 

evaluation who were employed for at least 250 aggregated work days either solely under their 

employment at Battelle Laboratories – King Avenue or in combination with work days within the 

parameters established for other SEC classes. For the period after December 31, 1970, a health 

endangerment determination is not required because NIOSH has determined that it has sufficient 

information to estimate dose for the members of the evaluated class. 
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Table of Contents

Evaluation Report Summary: SEC-00229, Battelle Laboratories – King Ave. ...................................... 3

1.0 Purpose and Scope ....................................................................................................................... 9

2.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 9

3.0 NIOSH-Proposed Class Definition and Petition Basis .............................................................. 10

4.0 Radiological Operations Relevant to the Proposed Class ......................................................... 10

4.1 Operations Description ..................................................................................................... 10

4.2 Radiation Exposure Potential from Operations ................................................................ 12

4.3 Time Period Associated with Radiological Operations .................................................... 13

4.4 Site Locations Associated with Radiological Operations ................................................ 13

4.5 Job Descriptions Affected by Radiological Operations ................................................... 14

5.0 Summary of Available Monitoring Data for the Proposed Class .............................................. 15

5.1 Data Capture Efforts and Sources Reviewed ................................................................... 15

5.2 Previous Dose Reconstructions ........................................................................................ 16

5.3 Worker Interviews ............................................................................................................ 16

5.4 Internal Personnel Monitoring Data ................................................................................. 17

5.5 External Personnel Monitoring Data ................................................................................ 17

5.6 Workplace Monitoring Data ............................................................................................. 18

5.7 Radiological Source Term Data ....................................................................................... 21

6.0 Feasibility of Dose Reconstruction for the Proposed Class ...................................................... 21

6.1 Feasibility of Estimating Internal Exposures ................................................................... 22

6.2 Feasibility of Estimating External Exposures .................................................................. 23

6.3 Class Parameters Associated with Infeasibility ................................................................ 24

7.0 Summary of Feasibility Findings for Petition SEC-00229 ........................................................ 24

8.0 Evaluation of Health Endangerment for Petition SEC-00229 ................................................... 25

9.0 NIOSH-Proposed Class for Petition SEC-00229 ...................................................................... 25

10.0 Evaluation of Second Similar Class .......................................................................................... 26

11.0 References ................................................................................................................................. 27

Attachment 1: Data Capture Synopsis ................................................................................................... 33
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Table 

Table 4-1: Thorium Operations at Battelle Labs – King Ave. (1956 – 1984) ....................................... 12

Table 5-1: No. of Battelle – King Ave. Claims Submitted Under Dose Reconstruction Rule ............. 16

Figure 

Figure 4-1: Battelle Laboratories – King Avenue Site Map .................................................................. 11
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SEC Petition Evaluation Report for SEC-00229

ATTRIBUTION AND ANNOTATION: This is a single-author document. All conclusions drawn from 

the data presented in this evaluation were made by the ORAU Team Lead Technical Evaluator: 

Christopher Miles, Quantaflux, LLC. The rationales for all conclusions in this document are 

explained in the associated text. 

1.0 Purpose and Scope

This report evaluates the feasibility of reconstructing doses for employees who worked at a specific 

facility during a specified time. It provides information and analysis germane to considering a petition 

for adding a class of employees to the Congressionally-created SEC.

This report does not make any determinations concerning the feasibility of dose reconstruction that 

necessarily apply to any individual energy employee who might require a dose reconstruction from 

NIOSH, with the exception of the employee whose dose reconstruction could not be completed, and 

whose claim consequently led to this petition evaluation. The finding in this report is not the final 

determination as to whether or not the proposed class will be added to the SEC. This report will be 

considered by the Advisory Board on Radiation and Worker Health (the Board) and by the Secretary 

of Health and Human Services (HHS). The Secretary of HHS will make final decisions concerning 

whether or not to add one or more classes to the SEC in response to the petition addressed by this 

report.

This evaluation, in which NIOSH provides its findings both on the feasibility of estimating radiation 

doses of members of this class with sufficient accuracy and on health endangerment, was conducted in 

accordance with the requirements of EEOICPA and 42 C.F.R. § 83.14. 

2.0 Introduction 

Both EEOICPA and 42 C.F.R. pt. 83 require NIOSH to evaluate qualified petitions requesting that the 

Department of Health and Human Services add a class of employees to the SEC. The evaluation is 

intended to provide a fair, science-based determination of whether it is feasible to estimate, with 

sufficient accuracy, the radiation doses of the proposed class of employees through NIOSH dose 

reconstructions.1

 

1 NIOSH dose reconstructions under EEOICPA are performed using the methods promulgated under 42 C.F.R. pt. 82 and 

the detailed implementation guidelines available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas. 

NIOSH is required to document its evaluation in a report, and to do so, relies upon both its own dose 

reconstruction expertise as well as technical support from its contractor, Oak Ridge Associated 

Universities (ORAU). Once completed, NIOSH provides the report to both the petitioners and the 

Advisory Board on Radiation and Worker Health. The Board will consider the NIOSH evaluation 

report, together with the petition, comments of the petitioner(s) and such other information as the 

Board considers appropriate, to make recommendations to the Secretary of HHS on whether or not to 

add one or more classes of employees to the SEC. Once NIOSH has received and considered the 

advice of the Board, the Director of NIOSH will propose a decision on behalf of HHS. The Secretary 
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of HHS will make the final decision, taking into account the NIOSH evaluation, the advice of the 

Board, and the proposed decision issued by NIOSH. As part of this final decision process, the 

petitioner(s) may seek a review of certain types of final decisions issued by the Secretary of HHS.

2

 

2 See 42 C.F.R. pt. 83 for a full description of the procedures summarized here. Additional internal procedures are 

available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas. 

3.0 NIOSH-Proposed Class Definition and Petition Basis

The NIOSH-proposed class includes all Atomic Weapons Employees who worked at the facility 

owned by the Battelle Laboratories at the King Avenue site in Columbus, Ohio, during the period 

from July 1, 1956 through December 31, 1970, for a number of work days aggregating at least 250 

work days, occurring either solely under this employment or in combination with work days within 

the parameters established for one or more other classes of employees in the Special Exposure Cohort. 

During this period, employees at this facility were involved in atomic energy research and 

development (R&D) activities including: processing and machining of enriched, natural, and depleted 

uranium and thorium for fuel element fabrication and other uses; radiotracer studies; radiochemical 

analyses; and powder metallurgy studies (Decommissioning Plan, 2003). 

The evaluation responds to Petition SEC-00229 which was submitted by an EEOICPA claimant 

whose dose reconstruction could not be completed by NIOSH due to a lack of sufficient dosimetryrelated information. NIOSH’s determination that it is unable to complete a dose reconstruction for an 

EEOICPA claimant is a qualified basis for submitting an SEC petition pursuant to 42 C.F.R. § 

83.9(b). 

4.0 Radiological Operations Relevant to the Proposed Class 

The following subsections summarize the thorium operations at Battelle Laboratories - King Avenue. 

The time period addressed in this evaluation is from July 1, 1956 through December 31, 1970. 

Thorium-related activities prior to July 1, 1956 are also mentioned in this section since those activities 

could have resulted in legacy materials and residual contamination affecting workers in the later years. 

Using available sources, NIOSH has attempted to gather process and source descriptions, information 

regarding the identity and quantities of radionuclides of concern, and information describing processes 

through which the radiation exposures of concern may have occurred and the physical environment in 

which they may have occurred. The information included within this evaluation report is meant only 

to be a summary of the available information. 

4.1 Operations Description

The following activities were performed at the King Avenue location: processing and machining 

enriched, natural, and depleted uranium and thorium; fabricating fuel elements; analyzing 

radiochemicals; and studying power metallurgy (Battelle Facility, 2015).

The 58.3-acre Battelle Laboratories - King Avenue site in Columbus, Ohio accommodated 21 

buildings (see Figure 4-1). The site is bordered by King Avenue to the north, Battelle Boulevard and 
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Perry Street to the east, Third Avenue to the south, and the Olentangy River to the west 

(Environmental Report, 1996). Although Battelle performed research throughout the campus, it used 

only nine buildings to perform most of its nuclear weapons-related work: Building A, Buildings 1 

through 7, and Building 9. During the period of this evaluation (July 1, 1956 through December 31, 

1970), thorium operations are believed to have taken place in Buildings A and 1 through 7. 

Source: Battelle History, 1999

Figure 4-1: Battelle Laboratories – King Avenue Site Map

Nearly 10,000 kilograms of thorium were handled and processed in the various buildings at the 

Battelle Laboratories – King Avenue site prior to July 1, 1956 (Inventory, 1985, PDF pp. 45-127). 

Legacy materials and residual contamination from those early operations could have resulted in 

thorium intakes to workers in later years. 
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Table 4-1 summarizes known thorium operations during the period of this evaluation, July 1, 1956 

through December 31, 1970. Although there is some evidence of thorium work in the Building 1 

foundry, information is incomplete (see also Section 5.7). 

Table 4-1: Thorium Operations at Battelle Labs – King Ave. (1956 – 1984)

Period of Operations Quantity (grams) Building Description of Use

1/1/55 – 3/1/57 1,000 3 Thorium uranium diagrams

1/1/55 – 3/1/57 1,000 6 Thorium uranium diagrams

1/1/56 – 6/1/57 200,000 2 R&D of alloys (U, Th, etc.)

1/1/56 – 6/1/57 200,000 3 R&D of alloys (U, Th, etc.)

1/1/56 – 6/1/57 200,000 4 R&D of alloys (U, Th, etc.)

1/1/56 – 6/1/57 200,000 5 R&D of alloys (U, Th, etc.)

1/1/56 – 6/1/57 200,000 7 R&D of alloys (U, Th, etc.)

1/1/58 – 6/1/58 1,000 3 Macrography (Th, U)

1/1/58 – 12/1/59 25,000 3 Thorium alloy development

9/16/59 – 3/31/61 2,000 5 A study of the corrosion resistance of thorium under 

atmospheric conditions, and additional accelerated 

thorium and uranium corrosion exposure.

4/1/62 – 6/30/62 750 3 Experimental coating of 1/8-inch diameter thorium 

oxide spheres with alumina, zirconia, and zirconium 

metal and/or zirconium alloy by chemical vapor 

deposition.

3/1/66 – 6-30/66 1,000 A Prep of irradiation and calibration samples (Th, U)

3/1/66 – 8/30/66 1,000 3 Prep of irradiation and calibration samples (Th, U)

5/1/68 – 6/30/69 400 3 Hot-hardness of non-stoichiometric ThO2 and UO2.

10/1/79 – 11/30/84 10 6 Chemical identification of organic complexants and 

evaluation of organo-radionuclide interactions.

10/1/79 – 11/30/84 10 7 Chemical identification of organic complexants and 

evaluation of organo-radionuclide interactions.

4/1/80 – 3/31/81 447 3 Provide high-temperature, controlled-atmosphere, 

sintering operations of sponsor’s thoria specimens and 

evaluate their density, chemical.

Source: Inventory, 1985

4.2 Radiation Exposure Potential from Operations

The potential for external radiation dose existed in all nine buildings where radioactive materials were 

handled or stored. During the period of this evaluation (July 1, 1956 through December 31, 1970), 

thorium operations are believed to have taken place in Buildings A and 1 through 7. Based on the site 

operations outlined in Section 4.1, sources of exposure included beta, gamma and neutron radiation 

emitted from uranium, thorium, and a variety of fission and activation products. 

The primary sources of internal radiation exposure at the site were uranium, thorium, uranium and 

thorium progeny, and fission products. The dose reconstruction infeasibility that was identified, and 

that led to this evaluation, was the inability to estimate potential thorium intakes accurately. 

Quantities of thorium handled, along with brief description of the associated operations are given in 

Table 4-1. 
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4.3 Time Period Associated with Radiological Operations

Per the DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security, the time period associated with Atomic Weapons 

Employer (AWE) operations at the Battelle Laboratories – King Avenue site is from 1943-1986 with 

no specific dates identified (Battelle Facility, 2015). Radiological operations for the AEC are known 

to have commenced on April 16, 1943 (Decommissioning Plan, 2003). NIOSH has not located an 

indication of a specific operational end date. Lacking definitive information, December 31, 1986 is 

currently assumed to be the end of covered AWE radiological operations. 

4.4 Site Locations Associated with Radiological Operations

During the period of this evaluation (July 1, 1956 through December 31, 1970), thorium operations 

are known to have taken place in Buildings A and 1 through 7. More details about each building and 

their operations are presented below. 

• Building A (Corporate Office Building): A steel, concrete, and brick U-shaped structure 

completed in 1929 (Battelle Story, 1986). The west wing and north end contain three floors plus 

basement and attic levels. The east wing contains four floors plus a basement level. Building A 

contained the main library, a small auditorium, a creep laboratory (for high-temperature 

deformation testing), a non-destructive testing laboratory including radiography with small 

radioactive sources, general offices, and document storage. Access to the building was controlled 

(Battelle History, date unknown). Operations in this building included the encapsulation of 

highly-enriched uranium for advanced test reactor fuel elements. (Decommissioning Plan, 2003). 

The principal operation in Building A was a thorium solvent extraction pilot plant (Resurvey, 

1977). Some metallurgical studies of uranium were also carried on in this building (Battelle 

History, date unknown). 

• Building 1 (Foundry): A four-story concrete, steel, and brick structure that is connected to 

Building 4 on the east and Building 11 on the north. Building 1 contains ore laboratories, 

miscellaneous laboratories, offices, and a foundry occasionally used for processing natural or 

depleted uranium or natural thorium (Battelle History, date unknown). Uranium ore processing 

and ore beneficiation studies were performed in this facility in support of feed material processing 

centers operated by other AEC contractors. A foundry and melting, cutting, and grinding facilities 

are located within this building. (Decommissioning Plan, 2003). 

• Building 2 (Metalworking Building): Building 2 is a two-story, steel-frame structure with a 

basement and equipment rooms under the east end of the structure. Building 2 was used for AEC 

research, including the electroplating of Hanford reactor slugs, heat treatment and fabrication of 

uranium and thorium alloys, rolling studies, alloy development, and fuel element fabrication. 

(Decommissioning Plan, 2003). 
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• Building 3 (Materials Building): A two-story, steel-frame structure with a basement. Laboratories 

and offices were located on all three floors. This building housed powder metallurgy, melting, 

metallographic, and ceramics research facilities using enriched, natural, and depleted uranium as 

well as thorium (Decommissioning Plan, 2003). 

• Building 4 (Radiochemistry Laboratory): A two-story, steel-framed structure with a ground-floor 

basement and a partial sub-basement. Building 4 contained a radiochemistry laboratory and an 

encapsulation facility for highly-enriched uranium (Decommissioning Plan, 2003). Activities in 

this building consisted of preparing, handling, and storing radiological specimens for use in 

radioanalytical, metallurgical, and non-destructive examination, as well as irradiation capsule 

fabrication operations. At the Radioisotope Laboratory in Building 4, the doors from the corridor 

into the medium- and high-level laboratories were locked from the outside at all times. Access 

was otherwise through the locker room, which itself was entered through the office area 

(Procedures Manual, 1962). These doors were used only for transporting casks and heavy 

equipment in and out of the laboratory. Permission of the laboratory supervisor was required 

before the doors could be used. 

• Building 5 (Machine Shop): A three-story, steel-frame structure with laboratories and offices 

located on all three floors. The machine shop produced substantial work for AEC/ERDA/DOE 

programs. Work in this area involved machining, grinding, and milling operations on depleted, 

natural, and enriched uranium as well as thorium (Decommissioning Plan, 2003). 

• Buildings 6 and 7 (Chemistry Buildings): Analytical chemistry activities in support of the 

DOE/Navy program took place in these buildings. Work in these areas involved alloy studies, 

corrosion research, and chemical and instrumental analyses of uranium and thorium samples 

(Decommissioning Plan, 2003). Building 7 was also used for the packaging of radiological and 

mixed waste containing licensed byproduct material. At the Gamma (Co-60 irradiation) Facility 

in Building 6, permission for non-staff members to enter the facility had to be obtained from the 

facility staff (Procedures Manual, 1962). This facility was kept locked overnight, on holidays, and 

on weekends to prevent unauthorized personnel from entering. 

• Building 9 (Mechanical Engineering Building): Research programs were conducted in here for 

AEC/ERDA/DOE involving natural and depleted uranium (Decommissioning Plan, 2003). 

NIOSH has not found any evidence of thorium operations in this building. 

4.5 Job Descriptions Affected by Radiological Operations

Any workers present in buildings where radioactive materials were handled and stored had the 

potential for radiation exposures. Workers present during radiological operations in Building A and 

Buildings 1 through 7 had the potential for intakes of thorium. This would include, but not be limited 

to, researchers, operators, trades workers, maintenance personnel, supervisors, security officers, and 

fire protection workers. 
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5.0 Summary of Available Monitoring Data for the Proposed Class

The primary data used for determining internal exposures are derived from personal monitoring data, 

such as urinalyses, fecal samples, and whole-body counting results. If these are unavailable or 

insufficient, the air monitoring data from breathing zone and general area monitoring are used to 

estimate the potential internal exposure. If personal monitoring and breathing zone area monitoring 

are unavailable or insufficient, internal exposures can sometimes be estimated using more general area 

monitoring, process information, and information characterizing and quantifying the source term. 

This same hierarchy is used for determining the external exposures to the cancer site. Personal 

monitoring data from film badges or thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) are the primary data used 

to determine such external exposures. If there are no personal monitoring data or they are incomplete, 

exposure rate surveys, process knowledge, and source term modeling can sometimes be used to 

reconstruct the potential exposure. 

A more detailed discussion of the information required for dose reconstruction can be found in 

OCAS-IG-001, External Dose Reconstruction Implementation Guideline, and OCAS-IG-002, Internal 

Dose Reconstruction Implementation Guideline. These documents are available at 

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas/ocasdose.html. 

5.1 Data Capture Efforts and Sources Reviewed 

As a standard practice, NIOSH completed an extensive database and Internet search for information 

regarding Battelle Laboratories – King Avenue. The database search included the DOE Legacy 

Management Considered Sites database, the DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information 

(OSTI) Energy Citations database, and the Hanford Declassified Document Retrieval System. In 

addition to general Internet searches, the NIOSH Internet search included OSTI OpenNet Advanced 

searches, OSTI Information Bridge Fielded searches, Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) 

Agency-wide Documents Access and Management (ADAMS) web searches, the Defense Technical 

Information Center database, the Energy Employees Claimant Assistance Project, and the DOENational Nuclear Security Administration-Nevada Site Office-search. Attachment 1 contains a 

summary of Battelle Laboratories – King Avenue documents. The summary specifically identifies 

data capture details and general descriptions of the documents retrieved.

In addition to the database and Internet searches listed above, NIOSH identified and reviewed 

numerous data sources to determine information relevant to determining the feasibility of dose 

reconstruction for the class of employees under evaluation. This included determining the availability 

of information on personal monitoring, area monitoring, industrial processes, and radiation source 

materials. The following subsections summarize the data sources identified and reviewed by NIOSH.
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5.2 Previous Dose Reconstructions

NIOSH reviewed its NIOSH DCAS Claims Tracking System (referred to as NOCTS) to locate 

EEOICPA-related dose reconstructions that might provide information relevant to the petition 

evaluation. Table 5-1 summarizes the results of this review. (NOCTS data available as of 

September 2, 2015) 

Table 5-1: No. of Battelle – King Ave. Claims Submitted Under Dose Reconstruction Rule

Description Totals

Total number of claims submitted for dose reconstruction 72

Total number of claims submitted for energy employees who worked during the period under 

evaluation (July 1, 1956 through December 31, 1970). 42

Number of dose reconstructions completed for energy employees who worked during the period 

under evaluation (i.e., the number of such claims completed by NIOSH and submitted to the 

Department of Labor for final approval). 32

Number of claims for which internal dosimetry records were obtained for the identified years in 

the evaluated class definition 18*

Number of claims for which external dosimetry records were obtained for the identified years in 

the evaluated class definition 24

* None of the internal dosimetry records were for thorium.

NIOSH reviewed each claim to determine whether internal and/or external personal monitoring 

records could be obtained for the employee. The dose reconstruction claimant computer-assisted 

telephone interviews (CATIs) provided some information regarding work locations, hours worked, 

and hazards encountered. The interviews also identified conditions for which there would have been 

potential for either internal or external exposures. As noted in Table 5-1, NIOSH has received some 

internal monitoring data from Battelle Laboratories for claimants for the time period under evaluation, 

although none of these data are specific for thorium.

5.3 Worker Interviews

To obtain additional information, NIOSH interviewed a former site employee. This employee worked 

at Battelle throughout the 1960s. A telephone interview was conducted with this individual for the 

purpose of learning more about thorium usage during the interviewee’s employment at Battelle-King 

Ave. The interviewee was asked to describe thorium operations, their locations, forms of thorium 

used, radiological controls used, protective equipment used, and individual dose monitoring. 

• Personal Communication, 2013, Personal Communication with a Health Physics Staff Member; 

Telephone Interview by ORAU Team and NIOSH; September 5, 2013; SRDB Ref ID: 127708 
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5.4 Internal Personnel Monitoring Data

NIOSH has located 68 bioassay results for 1956 (Monitoring Records, 1953-1963; Monitoring 

Records, 1954-1960; Monitoring Records, 1955-1978; Monitoring Records, 1955-1988; Urinalysis 

Results, 1956). The urinalysis samples appear to have been assayed for uranium by gross alpha 

counting (Monitoring Records, 1955-1978). In 1956, Battelle began submitting urine samples to the 

Ohio State University Toxicology Department for uranium analysis. Shortly after, Battelle switched 

to submitting samples to Nuclear Science and Engineering Corporation of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 

for analysis. At this time, the program required employees to submit urine samples at six-month 

intervals unless an incident evaluation suggested the need for more frequent sampling. Depending on 

the work processes, urine samples were analyzed for the presence of uranium or counted for gross 

beta (Battelle Bioassay, 1957).

A health physics request for thorium bioassay was submitted for [number redacted] individuals on 

February 27, 1981. This is the first instance of such a request that NIOSH has located (Memo for 

Bioassay Service, 1981). 

The NOCTS database was reviewed for claimants whose work history included Battelle Laboratories 

– King Avenue during part or all of the covered period (July 1, 1956 through December 31, 1970). A 

total of 42 claimants were identified. The files for all 42 claimants were thoroughly reviewed and 

internal monitoring data were found for 18 of those claimants. None of the internal monitoring data 

were specific for thorium.

5.5 External Personnel Monitoring Data

To date, NIOSH has been unable to locate any Battelle programmatic documentation specifying which 

King Avenue site workers should have been monitored for external radiation exposure and on what 

frequency monitoring devices should have been exchanged. The earliest date for a film badge that has 

been found in the available records is February 14, 1951 (Monitoring Records, 1951-1952). 

Beginning at that time, NIOSH has access to external monitoring data records that include gamma, 

beta, and neutron exposures. Badges appear to have been worn thereafter throughout the period of 

operation. External monitoring records available to NIOSH increase each year after 1951 to 2195 

records in 1956, and 3317 records in 1957. From 1957 through 1970, there is an abundance of 

available external monitoring data for workers at Battelle, King Avenue site. 

The NOCTS database was reviewed for claimants whose work history included Battelle Laboratories 

– King Avenue during part or all of the evaluation period (July 1, 1956 through December 31, 1970). 

A total of 42 claimants were identified. The files for these 42 claimants were thoroughly reviewed 

and external monitoring data were found for 24 of those claimants. 
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5.6 Workplace Monitoring Data

A thorough review of all data available to NIOSH resulted in the identification of several examples of 

thorium-specific workplace monitoring after June 30, 1956. These examples are summarized below 

in chronological order. 

• A breathing zone air sample was taken on March 7, 1957 during a thorium-rolling operation in the 

basement of Building 3. The measured concentration was 9 x 10-11 microcuries per milliliter of 

air. Operators wore respirators during this operation (Thorium Result, 1957, PDF p. 2). 

• In a survey report dated July 23, 1957 (which included multiple buildings), widespread uranium 

and thorium contamination was reported (Respirator Memo, 1957, PDF p. 7). This survey 

consisted of about 600 smears, 64 air samples, and probing of all the areas for unknown sources of 

radiation and fixed alpha and beta-gamma contamination. The following statement was included 

in a footnote to the report: 

• About every lab surveyed contained U or Th samples in some form. These were stored on or in 

desks where food is eaten. Little care is taken to prevent ingestion. No care is taken to prevent 

material from entering the sewers. 

• A spill occurred when pressure built up in a flask containing thorium nitrate. The spill covered 

most of the floor in Room 3013. This incident is described in a memorandum dated March 15, 

1960 (Thorium Spill, 1960, PDF p. 2). The spill resulted in personnel contamination and 

decontamination activities are described. There is no mention of bioassay or other dose 

assessment. NIOSH followed up on this incident and requested bioassay records for the individual 

involved in the personal contamination incident. Based on the site’s response, NIOSH has no 

indication that follow-up bioassay results are available for this personal contamination incident. 

• In July 1961, air samples were taken in the machine shop grinding room (Bldg. 5) during the 

grinding of arc melt buttons composed of 90% natural thorium. The sampler ran for 141 minutes. 

The reported air concentration was 2 x 10-10 microcuries per milliliter. During this grinding 

operation, the worker wore a half-face respirator containing an AEC-approved high-efficiency 

particulate filter. No internal absorption was anticipated. The report noted that the worker would 

be requested to submit a specimen (Air Survey Reports, Jul1961, PDF p. 52). NIOSH followed up 

on this incident and requested bioassay records for the individual involved in the operation who 

was to receive a bioassay sample request. Based on the site’s response, NIOSH has no indication 

that a follow-up bioassay sample was obtained from this individual even though it was requested 

by the Health and Safety office. 

• In August 1961, another air sample was taken in the machine shop grinding room (Bldg. 5) while 

grinding an alloy containing 85% thorium. The sampler ran for 60 minutes. A note on the sample 

form stated: “No significant air contamination was detected in air.” When the grinding operation 

was completed, the grinder was cleaned (Air Survey Report, Aug1961, PDF p. 54). 

• On October 11, 1961, an external radiation survey report from Building 5 (including the grinding 

room) was documented (Radiation Survey Report, Oct1961, PDF p. 48). Thorium was identified 

as being one of the suspected contaminants. The only reading above background (2 mR/hr) was 
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taken in the vicinity of a control rod. Although the distance from the control rod is not specified, 

the measurement appears to have been taken from very close proximity. 

• A smear survey report from November 29, 1961 from the Building 5 grinding room indicates 

thorium as being a suspected contaminant. The health physicist noted that all smears were below 

permissible levels (Smear Survey Report, Nov1961, PDF p. 46). 

• A survey report following clean-up of a spill in Building 5 involving thorium, dated February 14, 

1963, showed a reading of 0.2 mR/hr at contact. Smears of the area did not show any removable 

contamination. The spill had been cleaned up with a sponge and the primary spill area (shelf) had 

just been painted prior to taking the smears, in order to fix the contamination in place (Thorium 

Survey Report, 1963, PDF p. 115). 

• A smear survey in Building 1 in the south non-ferrous furnace area was conducted on June 25, 

1963 following an unmonitored thorium melt operation (Smear Survey Report, 1963, PDF p. 51). 

• An air sample was taken in Building 1 on June 25, 1963, during the second day of a thorium melt 

operation. The reported air concentration was 5 x 10-12 microcuries per milliliter (Air Survey 

Report, 1963, PDF p. 64). A Maximum Permissible Concentration (MPC) of 3 x 10-11 microcuries 

per milliliter is noted on the report. The following notes were also included on the report: 

- Safety Office was not notified of this “melt” using Mg, Li, and Th metals. First aid alerted the 

S.O. 

- No respiratory equipment was used the first day of the melts, 6/24/63. 

- The melting furnace hooded. The pouring operation was not vented.

- The men involved said that they would report all future use of radioactive material.

• A routine air sample in Building 5 during a press operation was collected on June 16, 1964 and 

analyzed for thorium. An air concentration of 4 x 10-12 microcuries per milliliter was reported. A 

remark included on the report by the survey stated: “This work performed in an open area without 

benefit of exhausting system.” There were no follow-up bioassay results found in the Battelle 

records for the two individuals who performed the work (Survey Report, 1964, PDF p. 187). 

• Several smear surveys for thorium are documented from Building 3 during the 1964-1965 time 

period. A set of smear survey reports are available, consisting of 169 pages (Contamination 

Surveys, 1964-1965). Included in that set of survey reports is a memorandum from the Safety 

Office, dated October 14, 1964 (Handwritten Memo, 1964, PDF p. 133), which states the 

following: 

Resmears taken of all locations, showing above permissible alpha or beta-gamma activity on the 

routine monthly smear survey for September (taken 9/30/64), showed no alpha or beta-gamma 

contamination present with the exceptions of floor smear location #25 in the 1st floor bay area, 

and hood smear location #4 in Room 3203. I suggest that the floor smear location #25 be 

smeared weekly in order to keep closer control on possible spread of contamination from this 

area. The hood in Room 3203 is higher in alpha activity than should be tolerated for a room in 

which eating areas are involved. I suggest here that the hood should be cleaned and resmears 

taken until the d/m/cm2

 is 0.2 or below. 
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• Smear survey reports for thorium from Building 5 are also available during the 1964-1966 time 

period (Smear Survey Reports, 1964-66, PDF pp. 157-237). 

• An air sample for thorium was taken in the foundry north area of Building 1 on May 13, 1966. 

The reported concentration was 4.2 x 10-13 microcuries per milliliter (Air Survey Report, 1966, 

PDF p. 195). 

• A smear survey was conducted in the north end anvil area of Building 1 on May 24, 1966. This 

survey was done following crushing operation (Smear Survey Report, May1966, PDF p. 139). 

• An air sample for thorium was taken in the foundry north area of Building 1, May 8, 1968, during 

baking of a thoria-lined furnace. The reported concentration was 5.56 x 10-15 microcuries per 

milliliter (Air Survey Report, 1968, PDF p. 216). 

• On March 21, 1969, an air sample was taken during a thorium melt operation in the north foundry 

area of Building 1. The reported air concentration was 2.89 x 10-14 microcuries per milliliter (Air 

Survey Report, Mar1969, PDF p. 66). 

• Multiple smear surveys for suspected thorium contamination were performed in Building 1 during 

the time period from March 21, 1969 through July 23, 1969. High levels of removable 

contamination were reported on several smears (Smear Survey Reports, Mar1969, PDF pp. 217-

222). 

• A smear survey for thorium was performed after cleanup of a grinder on April 28, 1970 in 

Building 5 (Smear Survey Report, 1970, PDF p. 447). 

• An external radiation survey was conducted in the Building 1 north foundry area on August 25, 

1970. The reported readings were <0.05 mR/hr (Radiation Survey Report, 1970, PDF p. 227). 

Measurement distances relative to potentially contaminated items are not specified in the report.

• During the time period from April 28, 1977 through June 8, 1977, air samples were collected from 

several buildings at Battelle – King Avenue. The purpose of this air sampling campaign was to 

determine the background airborne radioactivity in various areas, including radon and thoron 

concentrations. After allowing the samples to decay for a few days, the airborne alpha 

concentrations (of presumable thorium) from areas suspected of having thorium contamination 

ranged from 6.4 x 10-14 microcuries per milliliter to 1.4 x 10-12 microcuries per milliliter (Air 

Sampling Log, Apr-Jun1977, PDF pp. 11-22). 
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5.7 Radiological Source Term Data

Nearly 10,000 kg of thorium were handled and processed in the various buildings at the Battelle 

Laboratories – King Avenue site prior to July 1, 1956 (SRDB 122079, PDF pp. 45-127). Legacy 

materials and residual contamination from those early operations could have resulted in thorium 

intakes to workers in later years. The quantities of thorium presented in Table 4-1 of this evaluation 

report are based on a computer query of radioactive material usage at Battelle performed on October 

17, 1986. The resulting table included project numbers, start and end dates for each project 

(beginning January 1, 1951), the client name, a brief description of the work scope, a description of 

radioactive materials involved, and their gram quantities. 

Table 4-1 includes entries involving thorium after June 30, 1956. However, Table 4-1 does not 

include entries for thorium operations in Building 1, even though there is substantial anecdotal 

evidence that thorium operations did indeed take place there. For example, surveys and/or air samples 

for thorium were taken in Building 1 in 1963, 1966, 1968, 1969, and 1970. These are discussed in 

Section 5.6. In addition, Table 4-1 indicates that thorium operations in Building 5 ended on March 

31, 1961 even though there is clear evidence that thorium operations persisted in Building 5 well 

beyond 1961. There are multiple examples of thorium operations described in Section 5.6 that took 

place throughout the 1960s and in 1970, including thorium melting and grinding. For these reasons, 

NIOSH has concluded that the inventories presented in Table 4-1 are incomplete.

6.0 Feasibility of Dose Reconstruction for the Proposed Class

42 C.F.R. § 83.14(b) states that HHS will consider a NIOSH determination that there was insufficient 

information to complete a dose reconstruction, as indicated in this present case, to be sufficient,

without further consideration, to conclude that it is not feasible to estimate the levels of radiation 

doses of individual members of the class with sufficient accuracy. 

In the case of a petition submitted to NIOSH under 42 C.F.R. § 83.9(b), NIOSH has already 

determined that a dose reconstruction cannot be completed for an employee at the DOE or AWE 

facility. This determination by NIOSH provides the basis for the petition by the affected claimant. 

Per § 83.14(a), the NIOSH-proposed class defines those employees who, based on completed 

research, are similarly affected and for whom, as a class, dose reconstruction is similarly not feasible.

In accordance with § 83.14(a), NIOSH may establish a second class of co-workers at the facility for 

whom NIOSH believes that dose reconstruction is similarly infeasible, but for whom additional 

research and analysis is required. If so identified, NIOSH would address this second class in a 

separate SEC evaluation rather than delay consideration of the claim currently under evaluation (see 

Section 10). This would allow NIOSH, the Board, and HHS to complete, without delay, their 

consideration of the class that includes a claimant for whom NIOSH has already determined a dose 

reconstruction cannot be completed, and whose only possible remedy under EEOICPA is the addition 

of a class of employees to the SEC. 

This section of the report summarizes research findings by which NIOSH determined that it lacked 

sufficient information to complete the relevant dose reconstruction and on which basis it has defined 
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the class of employees for which dose reconstruction is not feasible. NIOSH’s determination relies on 

the same statutory and regulatory criteria that govern consideration of all SEC petitions. 

6.1 Feasibility of Estimating Internal Exposures

NIOSH has evaluated the available personnel and workplace monitoring data and source term 

information and has determined that there are insufficient data for estimating internal thorium 

exposures, as described below. 

NIOSH has not found any bioassay data for thorium for the time period under evaluation (July 1, 1956 

through December 31, 1970). The earliest available thorium bioassay data were submitted for two 

individuals on February 27, 1981 (Memo for Bioassay Service, 1981).

Principal sources of internal radiation dose for members of the evaluated class included exposures to 

uranium and thorium and their decay products. The modes of thorium exposure were inhalation and 

ingestion during the research and processing of thorium metal, ceramics, solutions and concentrates, 

or during the subsequent re-suspension of thorium. In this current evaluation report, NIOSH has 

determined that there are insufficient data available to bound intakes of thorium and thorium progeny 

for the period from July 1, 1956 through December 31, 1970. Although the vast majority of thorium 

work at Battelle Laboratories – King Avenue took place prior to 1957 (nearly 10,000 kg of thorium 

processed from 1951-1956), sporadic thorium work continued at least through 1969. Based on 

documented thorium surveys conducted in 1970, it appears that the potential for thorium exposure 

continued into that year as well. NIOSH has not identified any data suggesting the potential for 

significant thorium exposures after 1970. 

A thorium-melting operation was conducted in June 1963 without the knowledge of the Health and 

Safety office. Once the operation was identified, Health and Safety staff took action and reported the 

following: 

• The safety office was not notified of the melting operation using Mg, Li, and Th metals.

• No respiratory protection was used the first day of the melts (June 24, 1963). 

• The melting furnace was hooded, but the pouring operation was not vented. 

• The men involved said that they would report all future use of radioactive metal to the safety 

office.

The latter point indicates that, in the past, workers might or might not have notified the Health and 

Safety office of radiological work. As a result, the Health and Safety records might or might not be 

covering all of the thorium work. 

NIOSH has concluded that there are insufficient internal dosimetry data or air monitoring data 

available to estimate thorium intakes prior to 1971. Although there are limited air-monitoring data for 

thorium during the period of 1961 through 1969, the dates of monitoring do not correlate well with 

other data showing thorium receipts and thorium processing at the laboratories. NIOSH has therefore 

concluded that these air monitoring data may not be representative of all thorium processing at 

Battelle Laboratories – King Avenue and/or the available data indicating dates and quantities of 

thorium processed during the 1960s may be incomplete. 
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The most recent thorium operation prior to 1969 appears to have involved only 400 grams of thorium. 

However, there is considerable uncertainty as to the magnitude of this operation. The operation 

appears to have been completed by June 30, 1969. The most recent air monitoring data for thorium 

was from March 21, 1969. The most recent smear survey for thorium was performed on April 28, 

1970, with all measurements “less than 100 dpm/100 cm2.” The most recent radiation survey for 

thorium was conducted on August 25, 1970. NIOSH has not identified any data to suggest that there 

existed the potential for significant thorium exposures after 1970. 

Based on the lack of internal dose monitoring data or air monitoring data for Battelle Laboratories – 

King Avenue workers during the period from July 1, 1956 through December 31, 1970, NIOSH has 

determined that sufficiently accurate internal dose reconstruction for thorium exposures is not 

feasible. However, NIOSH has identified sufficient information and data to support bounding internal 

dose estimates for thorium after December 31, 1970 when there appears to have been no operations or 

work with thorium. 

NIOSH does not have access to sufficient personnel monitoring, workplace monitoring, or source 

term data to estimate potential internal exposures to isotopes of thorium and their progeny prior to 

January 1, 1971. Consequently, NIOSH finds that it is not feasible to estimate, with sufficient 

accuracy, internal exposures to thorium and thorium progeny for the class of employees covered by 

this evaluation. 

6.2 Feasibility of Estimating External Exposures

This evaluation responds to a petition based on NIOSH determining that internal radiation exposures 

to thorium and its progeny could not be reconstructed for a dose reconstruction referred to NIOSH by 

the Department of Labor (DOL). As noted above, HHS will consider this determination to be 

sufficient without further consideration to determine that it is not feasible to estimate the levels of 

radiation doses of individual members of the class with sufficient accuracy. Consequently, it is not 

necessary for NIOSH to fully evaluate the feasibility of reconstructing external radiation exposures for 

the class of workers covered by this report. 

The information given in the Site Profile for Battelle Memorial Institute, King Avenue and West 

Jefferson Sites, Columbus, Ohio is sufficient to allow bounding of radiation dose associated with 

occupationally-related X-ray examinations received by members of the class under evaluation. The 

examination protocols and equipment used during the relevant time period are documented 

sufficiently to allow assessments of organ dose that may be considered bounding (ORAUT-TKBS0058). Therefore, NIOSH concludes that it is feasible to reconstruct occupational medical dose for 

Battelle workers with sufficient accuracy.

In the previous SEC-00208 evaluation report, NIOSH found that it is feasible to reconstruct external 

dose for Battelle Laboratories - King Avenue workers with sufficient accuracy after December 31, 

1950 (NIOSH, 2012). This conclusion remains unchanged as a result of this present evaluation. 
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6.3 Class Parameters Associated with Infeasibility

In the previous SEC-00208 evaluation report, NIOSH defined a class of workers at the Battelle – King 

Ave. facility for whom dose reconstruction is infeasible (NIOSH, 2012); the time period for that 

previously-defined class is from April 16, 1943 through June 30, 1956. Infeasibilities in 

reconstructing thorium intakes prior to July 1, 1956 were addressed in that previous SEC class 

definition. The start date for this current evaluation and class definition is therefore July 1, 1956. 

As described in Section 6.1, NIOSH has not identified any data to suggest that there existed the 

potential for significant thorium exposures after 1970. An end-date of December 31, 1970 is therefore 

being proposed for this SEC class. NIOSH recommends that the class definition include the period 

from July 1, 1956 through December 31, 1970. 

Documentation available to NIOSH does not indicate any definite access controls or controlled 

boundaries between radiological and non-radiological areas at Battelle Laboratories for the period 

under evaluation. NIOSH is therefore unable to define individual worker exposure scenarios based on 

specific work locations. Thus, NIOSH recommends that the class definition include all areas of the 

Battelle Laboratories – King Ave. site during the specified time period.

NIOSH has insufficient information associating job titles and/or job assignments with specific 

radiological operations or conditions. Without such information, NIOSH is unable to define potential 

radiation exposure conditions based on worker job descriptions. Furthermore, available 

site- and claimant-specific data are insufficient to allow NIOSH to determine that any specific work 

group was not potentially exposed to radioactive material releases or possible subsequent 

contamination. Given the lack of information regarding job descriptions or associations between job 

titles and/or job assignments with specific radiological conditions, NIOSH recommends that the class 

include all Atomic Weapons Employees at the site.

7.0 Summary of Feasibility Findings for Petition SEC-00229

This report evaluates the feasibility for completing dose reconstructions for employees at Battelle 

Laboratories – King Ave. from July 1, 1956 through December 31, 1970. NIOSH determined that 

members of this class may have received radiation exposures from uranium and thorium and their

progeny. NIOSH lacks sufficient information, which includes biological monitoring data, sufficient 

air monitoring information, or sufficient process and radiological source information that would allow 

it to estimate the potential internal thorium exposures during the period from July 1, 1956 through 

December 31, 1970, which the proposed class may have incurred. 

NIOSH has documented herein that it cannot complete the dose reconstruction related to this petition. 

The basis of this finding demonstrates that NIOSH does not have access to sufficient information to 

estimate either the maximum radiation dose incurred by any member of the class or to estimate such 

radiation doses more precisely than a maximum dose estimate.
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Although NIOSH found that it is not possible to completely reconstruct internal radiation doses for the 

proposed class, NIOSH intends to use any internal monitoring data that may become available for an 

individual claim (and that can be interpreted using existing NIOSH dose reconstruction processes or 

procedures). Therefore, dose reconstructions for individuals employed at Battelle Laboratories – King 

Avenue during the period from July 1, 1956 through December 31, 1970, but who do not qualify for 

inclusion in the SEC, may be performed using these data as appropriate. 

8.0 Evaluation of Health Endangerment for Petition SEC-00229

The health endangerment determination for the class of employees covered by this evaluation report is 

governed by EEOICPA and 42 C.F.R. § 83.14(b) and § 83.13(c)(3). Pursuant to these requirements, if 

it is not feasible to estimate with sufficient accuracy radiation doses for members of the class, NIOSH 

must determine that there is a reasonable likelihood that such radiation doses may have endangered 

the health of members of the class. The regulations require NIOSH to assume that any duration of 

unprotected exposure may have endangered the health of members of a class when it has been 

established that the class may have been exposed to radiation during a discrete incident likely to have 

involved levels of exposure similarly high to those occurring during nuclear criticality incidents. If 

the occurrence of such an exceptionally high-level exposure has not been established, then NIOSH is 

required to specify that health was endangered for those workers who were employed for a number of 

work days aggregating at least 250 work days within the parameters established for the class or in 

combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more other classes of 

employees in the SEC. 

NIOSH has determined that members of the class were not exposed to radiation during a discrete 

incident likely to have involved levels of exposure similarly high to those occurring during nuclear 

criticality incidents. However, the evidence reviewed in this evaluation indicates that some workers in 

the class may have accumulated chronic radiation exposures through intakes of uranium and thorium 

and their progeny. Consequently, NIOSH is specifying that health was endangered for those workers 

covered by this evaluation who were employed for a number of work days aggregating at least 250 

work days within the parameters established for this class or in combination with work days within 

the parameters established for one or more other classes of employees in the SEC.

9.0 NIOSH-Proposed Class for Petition SEC-00229

The evaluation defines a single class of employees for which NIOSH cannot estimate radiation doses 

with sufficient accuracy. This class includes all Atomic Weapons Employees who worked at the 

facility owned by the Battelle Laboratories at the King Avenue site in Columbus, Ohio, during the 

period from July 1, 1956 through December 31, 1970, for a number of work days aggregating at least 

250 work days, occurring either solely under this employment or in combination with work days 

within the parameters established for one or more other classes of employees in the Special Exposure 

Cohort. 
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10.0 Evaluation of Second Similar Class

In accordance with § 83.14(a), NIOSH may establish another class of co-workers at the facility, 

similar to the classes defined in Section 9.0 of this report and the class defined in Petition Evaluation 

Report SEC-00208 (NIOSH, 2012), for whom NIOSH believes that dose reconstruction may not be 

feasible, and for whom additional research and analyses are required. At this time, NIOSH has not 

identified another similar class of employees at Battelle Laboratories – King Avenue for whom dose 

reconstruction may not be feasible. 
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11.0 References 

42 C.F.R. pt. 81, Guidelines for Determining the Probability of Causation Under the Energy 

Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000; Final Rule, Federal 

Register/Vol. 67, No. 85/Thursday, p 22,296; May 2, 2002; SRDB Ref ID: 19391 

42 C.F.R. pt. 82, Methods for Radiation Dose Reconstruction Under the Energy Employees 

Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000; Final Rule; May 2, 2002; SRDB Ref ID: 

19392 

42 C.F.R. pt. 83, Procedures for Designating Classes of Employees as Members of the Special 

Exposure Cohort Under the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 

2000; Final Rule; May 28, 2004; SRDB Ref ID: 22001 

42 U.S.C. §§ 7384-7385 [EEOICPA], Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation 

Program Act of 2000; as amended; DCAS website

Air Sampling Log, Apr-Jun1977, Air Sampling Log; Battelle Memorial Institute; April-June 1977; 

SRDB Ref ID: 121990, PDF pp. 11-22 

Air Survey Report, Aug1961, Air Sample Activity Report, Battelle Memorial Institute; August 8, 

1961; SRDB Ref ID: 135629, PDF p. 54 

Air Survey Report, 1963, Air Survey Report; Battelle Memorial Institute; June 25, 1963; SRDB Ref 

ID: 135635, PDF pp. 64-65 

Air Survey Report, 1966, Air Survey Report; Battelle Memorial Institute; May 16, 1966; SRDB Ref 

ID: 135635, PDF p. 195 

Air Survey Report, 1968, Air Survey Report; Battelle Memorial Institute; May 13, 1968; SRDB Ref 

ID: 135635, PDF p. 216 

Air Survey Report, Mar1969, Air Survey Report; Battelle Memorial Institute; March 1969; SRDB Ref 

ID: 135635, PDF p. 66 

Air Survey Reports, Jul1961, Air Sample Activity, Battelle Memorial Institute; July 12, 1961; SRDB 

Ref ID: 135629, PDF p. 52 

Battelle Bioassay, 1957, Brief Resume of Bioassay Experience at Battelle to Date, D. Pelease; Battelle 

Laboratories; September 19, 1957; SRDB Ref ID: 95608 

Battelle Facility, 2015, Battelle Laboratories – King Ave. Facility Description, Energy Employees 

Occupational Illness Compensation Program; Office of Environment, Health, Safety and Security 

(EHSS); EHSS website accessed September 3, 2015; 

https://ehss.energy.gov/search/facility/findfacility.aspx
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Battelle History, date unknown, Battelle Columbus Division Site Function and Description, U.S. 

Department of Energy Legacy Management; date unknown, but from context, no earlier than 1977; 

SRDB Ref ID: 66989 

Battelle Story, 1986, The Battelle Story: Science in the Service of Mankind, G. A. W. Boehm and A. 

Groner; Battelle Press, 1986; SRDB Ref ID: 25762, pdf p. 23 

Contamination Surveys, 1964-1965, Building 3, Areas D & E Contamination Surveys, 1964-1965, 

Battelle Memorial Institute – King Ave.; various dates in 1964-1965; SRDB Ref ID: 121980 

Decommissioning Plan, 2003, Decommissioning Plan, Battelle Memorial Institute Columbus 

Operations, C. Jensen, Battelle Memorial Institute; DD-93-19, Rev. 4; SRDB Ref ID: 26141 

Environmental Report, 1996, BCLDP Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 1995 on 

Radiological and Nonradiological Parameters, Battelle Columbus Laboratories, Safety, Health and 

Environmental Support; June 28, 1996; SRDB Ref ID: 100442 

Handwritten Memo, 1964, Resmear of Area D and E Div. 357, Building #3 by H.P. Personnel;

Battelle Memorial Institute; October 14, 1964; SRDB Ref ID: 121980, PDF p. 133 

Inventory, Jun1947, Inventory Material Balance from June 1, 1947-June 30, 1947; Battelle Memorial 

Institute; June 30, 1947; SRDB Ref ID: 86126, PDF pp. 5-7 

Inventory, Nov1948, Thorium and Uranium Inventory for November 1948; Battelle Memorial 

Institute; November 1948; SRDB Ref ID: 95637, PDF p. 42 

Inventory, Jan-Jul1950, Source and Fissionable Materials Inventory and Material Balance Report; 

inventory records for January 1-July 31, 1950; Battelle Memorial Institute; August 7, 1950; SRDB 

Ref ID: 95616, PDF pp. 7-8 

Inventory, Jan-Apr1951, Source and Fissionable Materials Inventory and Material Balance Report; 

inventory for January 1-April 30, 1951; Battelle Memorial Institute; May 4, 1951; SRBD Ref ID: 

95611, PDF p. 6 

Inventory, 1985, Materials by Building, by Date Range; inventory records for 1949-1985; Battelle 

Memorial Institute; database run results for October 17, 1986; SRDB Ref ID: 122079, PDF pp. 45 

Inventory/Pipeline Report, 1954, Status of Thorium; Battelle Memorial Institute; July 16, 1954; SRDB 

Ref ID: 101033, PDF p. 6 

Last Thorium Receipt, 1988, Battelle Thorium Timeline, last receipt of thorium by Battelle; Battelle 

Memorial Institute; SRDB Ref ID: 122079, PDF p. 127 

Memo for Bioassay Service, 1981, Authorization for Operational Health Physics to Proceed with 

Recommendation for Bioassay Service; Battelle Memorial Institute; February 27, 1981; SRDB Ref 

ID: 101885, PDF p. 5 
SEC-00229 11-02-15 Battelle Labs – King Ave.

29 of 41

Memo of Survey Results, 1960, Th (NO3)4 Spill; Battelle Memorial Institute; March 15, 1960; SRDB 

Ref ID: 96036, PDF p. 2 

Monitoring Records, 1951-1952, Personnel Monitoring Records for [Name redacted], Battelle 

Memorial Institute; various dates from 1951 to 1952; SRDB Ref ID: 108616 

Monitoring Records, 1953-1963, Personnel Monitoring Records for [Name redacted], Lab results 

read by Battelle Memorial Institute; various dates from 1953 to 1963; SRDB Ref ID: 108575 

Monitoring Records, 1954-1960, Personnel Monitoring Records for [Name redacted], Lab results 

read by Nuclear Science and Engineering Corporation for Battelle Memorial Institute personnel; 

various dates from 1954 to 1960; SRDB Ref ID: 108582 

Monitoring Records, 1955-1978, Personnel Monitoring Records for [Name redacted], Current 

Occupational Radiation Exposure sheets with results read by R. S. Landauer Jr. & Co. for Battelle 

Memorial Institute personnel; various dates from 1955 to 1978; SRDB Ref ID: 108466 

Monitoring Records, 1955-1988, Personnel Monitoring Records for [Name redacted], Lab results; 

Battelle Memorial Institute; various dates from 1955 to 1988; SRDB Ref ID: 108485 

NIOSH, 2012, SEC Evaluation Report for SEC-00208, National Institute for Occupational Safety and 

Health (NIOSH); November 19, 2012; SRDN Ref ID: 136741 

ORAUT-OTIB-0079, Guidance on Assigning Occupational X-Ray Dose under EEOICPA for X-Rays 

Administered Off Site, Rev. 00; Oak Ridge Associated Universities; January 3, 2011; SRDB Ref ID: 

89563 

ORAUT-TKBS-0058, Site Profile for Battelle Memorial Institute, King Avenue and West Jefferson 

Sites, Columbus, Ohio, Rev. 00; Oak Ridge Associated Universities; March 26, 2010; SRDB Ref ID: 

80165 

Personal Communication, 2013, Personal Communication with a Health Physics Staff Member; 

Telephone Interview by ORAU Team and NIOSH; September 5, 2013; SRDB Ref ID: 127708 

Personnel Memo, 1954, Exposure of Personnel to Radioactive Materials; lists names of personnel, 

questions need for special exams; Battelle Memorial Institute; April 19, 1954; SRDB Ref ID: 95751, 

PDF p. 2 

Procedures Manual, 1962, Procedures Manual for Battelle’s Radioisotope, Gamma, and Hot-Cell 

Laboratories, D. N. Sunderman and R. F. Dickerson; Battelle Memorial Institute; February 20, 1962; 

SRDB Ref ID: 28614 

Production Order, 1954, Shipment of 50 Pounds of ThO2 to Battelle; Battelle Memorial Institute; 

October 11, 1954; SRDB Ref ID: 31484, PDF p. 2. 

Purchase Memo, 1948, Request for Thorium; Battelle Memorial Institute; May 11, 1948; SRDB Ref 

ID: 88152, PDF p. 2 
SEC-00229 11-02-15 Battelle Labs – King Ave.

30 of 41

Purchasing Memo, 1951, Request for Thorium Nitrate; Battelle Memorial Institute; December, 28, 

1951; SRBD Ref ID: 8695, PDF p. 2 

Radiation Survey Memo, 1954, Thorium Melt Operation; accompanied by handwritten note about 

respiratory protection; Battelle Memorial Institute; July 20, 1954; SRDB Ref ID: 95755, PDF pp. 3-4 

Radiation Survey Report, Oct1961, External Radiation Survey Report; Battelle Memorial Institute; 

October 11, 1961; SRDB Ref ID: 135629, PDF p. 48 

Radiation Survey Report, Apr1966a, External Radiation Survey Report; Battelle Memorial Institute; 

April 4, 1966; SRDB Ref ID: 135629, PDF p. 224 

Radiation Survey Report, Apr1966b, External Radiation Survey Report; Battelle Memorial Institute; 

April 6, 1966; SRDB Ref ID: 135617, PDF p. 48 

Radiation Survey Report, 1970, External Radiation Survey Report; Battelle Memorial Institute; 

August 25, 1970; SRDB Ref ID: 135635, PDF p. 227 

Radiological Survey Memo, 1954, Radiological Survey of a Thorium Melt Operation; Battelle 

Memorial Institute; June 22, 1954; SRDB Ref ID: 95753, PDF pp. 2-3 

Respirator Memo, 1957, Survey of Uranium Facilities; memo regarding respirator use; Battelle 

Memorial Institute; July 23, 1957; RSDB Ref ID: 95567, PDF p. 7 

Resurvey, 1977, Radiological Resurvey of BCD Facilities Involved with Manhattan Engineering 

District Projects, Battelle Columbus Division, Battelle Memorial Institute; August 8, 1977; SRDB 

Ref ID: 66974 

Shipment Request, 1954, Thorium Metal Requirements; Battelle Memorial Institute; December 20, 

1954; SRDB Ref ID: 103663, PDF p. 2 

Smear Survey Report, Nov1961, Smear Survey Report; Battelle Memorial Institute; November 30, 

1961; SRDB Ref ID: 135629, PDF p. 46 

Smear Survey Report, 1963, Smear Survey Report; Battelle Memorial Institute; June 25, 1963; SRDB 

Ref ID: 135635, PDF pp. 50-51 

Smear Survey Report, 1964, Smear Survey Report; Battelle Memorial Institute; November 27, 1964; 

SRDB Ref ID: 135629, PDF p. 177 

Smear Survey Report, Apr1966, Smear Survey Report; Battelle Memorial Institute; April 5, 7, 8, 1966 

and May 2, 1966; SRDB Ref ID: 135629, PDF pp. 232-236 

Smear Survey Report, May1966, Smear Survey Report; Battelle Memorial Institute; May 24, 1966; 

SRDB Ref ID: 135635, PDF p. 139 
SEC-00229 11-02-15 Battelle Labs – King Ave.

31 of 41

Smear Survey Report, Jul1969, Smear Survey Report; Battelle Memorial Institute; July 23, 1969; 

SRDB Ref ID: 135635, PDF p. 222 

Smear Survey Report, 1970, Smear Survey Report; Battelle Memorial Institute; April 29, 1970; SRDB 

Ref ID: 135629, PDF p. 447 

Smear Survey Reports, 1964-66, Smear Survey Reports; Battelle Memorial Institute; 1944-1966; 

SRDB Ref ID: 135629, PDF pp. 157-237 

Smear Survey Reports, Mar1969, Smear Survey Reports; Battelle Memorial Institute; March 21, 

1969; SRDB Ref ID: 135635, PDF pp. 217-218 

Smear Survey Reports, Jun1969, Smear Survey Reports; Battelle Memorial Institute; June 1969; 

SRDB Ref ID: 135635, PDF p. 219-221 

Survey Report, 1964, Air Survey Report; Battelle Memorial Institute; June 17-18, 1964; SRDB Ref 

ID: 135629, PDF p. 187 

Survey Results Memo, 1954, Health Physics Survey in Foundry; survey made of foundry equipment; 

Battelle Memorial Institute; June 3, 1954; SRDB Ref ID: 95752, PDF p. 2 

Termination, 1952, Proposed Termination of Thorium Project; letter from B. D. Thomas (acting 

Director, Battelle) to S. N. Brown (AEC); May 23, 1952; SRDB Ref ID: 95767, PDF pp. 2-4 

Thorium Minutes, 1951, Minutes of Thorium Research Meeting; description of processes for scaling 

up operation; Division of Research; April 2, 1951; SRBD Ref ID: 86961, PDF p. 5 

Thorium Request, 1949, Request for Thorium Metal; Battelle Memorial Institute; June 2, 1949; SRDB 

Ref ID: 95628, PDF p. 2 

Thorium Result, 1957, Thorium Air Contamination; memorandum to B. E. White from C. L. 

Salander; Battelle Memorial Institute; March 14, 1957, SRDB Ref ID: 96030, PDF p. 2 

Thorium Scrap, 1953, Thorium Scrap; shipment memo to National Lead Co.; Battelle Memorial 

Institute; February 3, 1953; SRDB Ref ID: 31429, PDF p. 2 

Thorium Spill, 1960, Th(NO3)4 Spill, memo regarding a thorium spill with sample results from Tom 

Norris; Battelle Memorial Institute; March 15, 1960; SRDB Ref ID: 96036 

Thorium Survey Report, 1963, Survey Report of Th. Spill Rm. 5201 Charley Peterson; Battelle 

Memorial Institute; February 14, 1963; SRDB Ref ID: 135629, PDF p. 115 

Trip Report, 1943, Report on Visit to Battelle Memorial Institute – 9 September 43, memorandum to 

Dr. S. L Warren (Manhattan District – Rochester) from Capt. J. L. Ferry (U.S. Army Corps of 

Engineers); September 11, 1943; SRDB Ref ID: 10761 
SEC-00229 11-02-15 Battelle Labs – King Ave.

32 of 41

Trip Report, 1949, Report on Visit to Battelle Memorial Institute, memorandum to File from I. R. 

Tabershaw, M.D., Clinical Advisor; June 10, 1949; SRDB Ref ID: 8953, pdf p. 3 

Urinalysis Results, 1956, Uranium Urinalysis Results for [Names Redacted], samples read by Clayton 

S. Smith, Ph.D., M.D., Consulting Chemist and Toxicologist; various dates in 1956; SRDB Ref ID: 

95541 

Urinalysis Results, 1958, Uranium Urinalysis Results for [Names Redacted], samples read by Nuclear 

Science and Engineering Corporation; June 26, 1958; SRDB Ref ID: 34412 

Urinalysis Results, 1959, Uranium Urinalysis Results for [Names Redacted], samples read by Nuclear 

Science and Engineering Corporation; September 14, 1959; SRDB Ref ID: 34415 
SEC-00229 11-02-15 Battelle Labs – King Ave.

Page 33 of 41 

Attachment 1: Data Capture Synopsis

Table A1-1: Data Capture Synopsis for Battelle Laboratories – King Ave.

Data Capture Information General Description of Documents Captured Date 

Completed

Uploaded to 

SRDB

Primary Site / Company Name: Battelle Laboratories -

King Avenue 

AWE 1943-1986; BE 1943-1961; DOE 1986-2000 

(remediation); Residual Radiation 2001 - March 1, 2011 

Alternate Site Names: 

Battelle Columbus Laboratories (BCL) 

Battelle Memorial Institute (BMI) 

Physical Size of the Site: King Avenue site comprises 

approximately 6 acres.

Site Population: 

Historical documents list the population at 7,000 to 10,000 

employees. 

Air sample analyses, analysis reports on uranium, area and film badge 

reports, radiological procedures, building identification, environmental 

monitoring reports, in-vivo count data, license application renewal, list 

of individuals on uranium bioassay, monthly reports, personnel subject 

to chronic neutron exposure, procedures and operations for the 

processing of special nuclear materials, quarterly environmental TLD 

results, radiation surveys, radiological incidents, shipment 

documentation, source and fissionable materials inventory, thorium 

operations, X-ray survey, historical radiological surveys, radiological 

release and sample data, radiological characterization plans, sealed 

source check records, source custodian directories, inspection reports, 

and laboratory reports. 

08/18/2014 873

State Contacted: Ohio Department of Health (614-644-

2727)

Environmental reports. 02/02/2012 2

Albany Research Center Uranium and thorium metallurgical studies. 03/21/2013 8

Ames Laboratory History of the Ames Project and thorium shipment records. 07/27/2006 2

Argonne National Laboratory - East Work performed for the Metallurgical Laboratory, thorium in urine and 

feces samples, and the national plan for off-normal testing of advanced 

fuels.

06/16/2015 5

Claimant Provided A Battelle paper on plutonium transport and dose to man at the Nevada 

Test Site.

05/19/2008 1

Curtiss-Wright Operations report and shipment records. 05/24/2009 2

Department of Labor / Paragon Radiological survey plan for property declared excess, the former Lake 

Ontario Ordnance Works.

12/30/2008 7

DOE Environmental Management Consolidated Business 

Center

List of National Lead of Ohio subcontractors. 07/05/2011 1

DOE Germantown FUSRAP consideration, preliminary investigation, site history and 

description reports, studies and hazards of beryllium, DOE procedures 

to respond to records requests and EEOICPA claims, and trip reports.

03/07/2011 14
SEC-00229 11-02-15 Battelle Labs – King Ave.

34 of 41

Data Capture Information General Description of Documents Captured Date 

Completed

Uploaded to 

SRDB

DOE Legacy Management Access control of visitors, neutron surveillance for buildings JN-1, 2, 

and 4, assumptions associated with data input for CINDY calculations, 

decommissioning project internal dosimetry technical basis document, 

radiation safety manual, bioassay program procedures, special nuclear 

materials license 34-6854-5 and SNM-7 amendments, counting and 

sample preparation, external dosimetry program, film badge records, 

and plutonium procedures manual.

07/30/2008 63

DOE Legacy Management - Grand Junction Office Actinide screen data for radionuclides contained in strippable paint, 

quality assurance, analysis of sludge from decontamination process, 

area progress report, characterization of the JN-1 hot cell waste drums, 

classification of nuclear materials in the 327 building, contract numbers 

and identifying symbols, decontamination work plan information, 

radiological condition of the plutonium laboratory, historical 

information, SNM data, shipment information, material balance reports, 

monthly reports, pre-characterization of King Avenue, radiological 

incidents, and trip reports.

08/26/2011 159

DOE Legacy Management - Morgantown Decontamination and decommissioning report, dosimetry files, material 

accountability, uranium rod rolling studies, a survey of processing 

methods for the production of thorium metal from monazite sand and 

thorium nitrate, and individual employee bioassay records.

02/13/2015 13

DOE Legacy Management - MoundView (Fernald 

Holdings, includes Fernald Legal Database)

Thorium production, bioassay information, incineration of radioactive 

solid wastes report, major thorium campaigns, material inventory, 

production, radiological incidents, radiological procedures, radiological 

surveys, radiological work planning, the X-ray screening program, 

Health Physics support of decontamination and decommissioning 

activities, and a trip report.

05/13/2010 72

DOE Oak Ridge Operations, Records Holding Task Group Battelle report on thorium separation, special nuclear material ledger, 

trip report, production report, material accountability reports, and a 

shipment security survey.

06/27/2012 20

DOE Oak Ridge Reading Room Report on thorium project, preliminary investigation of thorium sludge 

samples, rolling of thorium metal, and a monthly material 

accountability report.

04/08/2011 7
SEC-00229 11-02-15 Battelle Labs – King Ave.

35 of 41

Data Capture Information General Description of Documents Captured Date 

Completed

Uploaded to 

SRDB

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information 

(OSTI)

Air monitoring program information, aerial radiological survey, data on 

zirconium-uranium alloys, techniques for rolling uranium metal, report 

on personnel neutron-dosimetry systems, hazards summary report for 2-

megawatt operation of the Battelle Research Reactor, progress report, 

survey of irradiation facilities, sampling and testing procedures for 

special products, trip report, and early fuel development technical 

reports.

08/18/2014 66

Federal Records Center (FRC) - Dayton, OH The results of Battelle's participation in Oak Ridge National 

Laboratory's 1969 nuclear accident dosimeter inter-comparison test.

03/20/2006 1

Federal Records Center (FRC) - San Bruno Summaries of fuels and materials development programs, 

environmental sampling plan, quarterly reports, and studies of 

metabolism.

08/03/2012 6

Hagley Museum and Library Trip report, index to reactor fuel data sheets, and new fuel element 

development information.

10/28/2010 9

Hanford Internal dosimetry programs for tritium exposure - minimum 

requirements, semiannual report of the Atomic Energy Commission, 

Hanford experience with thorium, Hanford Laboratories operation 

monthly activities report, monthly accountability report, accounting 

control of source and fissionable materials, uranium rolling data, and a 

weekly activities report.

03/20/2013 16

Idaho National Laboratory (INL) INL operational and safety periodic reports referring to Battelle, 

material transfer records, incident summary, Health Physics log sheets, 

and an aircraft nuclear propulsion project report.

01/08/2015 108

Interlibrary Loan Mechanical testing hot cell, decontamination of plutonium facility, 

neutron radiography of nuclear fuels, and thorium production.

11/03/2006 12

Internet - Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Machining, grinding, and handling magnesium-thorium alloys, 

evaluation of thorium and uranium compounds as thermal breeder fuels, 

proposed final environmental statement, effect of nuclear radiation on 

electronic components, high purity metals, sputtering and ion plating, 

and uranium alloy metallurgy.

04/01/2013 18

Internet - DOE Comprehensive Epidemiologic Data 

Resource (CEDR)

No relevant data identified. 09/29/2011 0

Internet - DOE Environmental Management Linking Legacies: Wastes. 10/28/2007 1

Internet - DOE Hanford Declassified Document Retrieval 

System (DDRS)

Hanford Laboratories operation monthly activities reports referring to 

Battelle, Hanford's experience with thorium, and proposals for inreactor metallurgical experiments.

02/20/2013 27

Internet - DOE Legacy Management Considered Sites AEC research and development report, a 1993 interim mixed waste 

report, and West Valley site history.

11/19/2014 3
SEC-00229 11-02-15 Battelle Labs – King Ave.

36 of 41

Data Capture Information General Description of Documents Captured Date 

Completed

Uploaded to 

SRDB

Internet - DOE National Nuclear Security Administration 

(NNSA) - Nevada Site Office

No relevant data identified. 09/06/2011 0

Internet - DOE OpenNet Monthly status and progress reports, a bibliography of lithium hydride 

reports, and Mound plutonium shipments.

11/06/2014 8

Internet - DOE OpenNet / NIOSH The 1960 Atomic Energy Commission Annual Report to Congress. 01/11/2008 1

Internet - DOE OSTI A hazards summary report for the reflector-control critical-assembly 

experiments and an interim report on metallurgy of thorium.

11/02/2006 2

Internet - DOE OSTI Energy Citations Post irradiation examination and evaluation of a fuel assembly, progress 

report on metallurgy of tuballoy, overview of U.S. decommissioning 

experience, progress report, waste disposal reports, analysis of the 

phoenix fuel experiments, chemical processing of Pu-238, properties of 

reactor fuels, civilian applications progress reports, and irradiation 

qualification testing of SNAP 10A components.

06/13/2013 62

Internet - DOE OSTI Information Bridge Annual report of waste generation, characterization of transuraniumcontaminated solid wastes residues, constitution of uranium and 

thorium alloys, decommissioning of hot cells, grain refinement of 

uranium by alloying, heat source component development program 

quarterly report, irradiation of SNAP system actuator and position 

sensor assemblies in a vacuum-nuclear environment, irradiation of 

SNAP system electrical devices in a high-temperature vacuum 

environment, list of radioisotope customers with summary of 

radioisotope shipments, readiness assessment for the shipment of TRU 

waste, safety evaluation report for the termination of special nuclear 

materials license SNM-0007, decommissioning management plan, site 

environmental report, stabilizing effects of oxide additions to uranium 

oxide, summary of the environmental dose models used at DOE nuclear 

sites, survey of refractory uranium compounds, and a trip report.

02/20/2013 101

Internet - DOE OSTI SciTech Connect System requirements for the decontamination, decommissioning, and 

dismantlement of shielded cells.

11/26/2014 1

Internet - Energy Employees Claimant Assistance Project 

(EECAP)

Development and testing of reactor fuels, testing of irradiated stainless 

steel, liquid metal fast breeder reactor studies, uranium alloy 

metallurgy, fuel canning studies, nuclear waste repository studies 

including deep salt repositories, and transportation of spent fuel.

11/22/2012 54
SEC-00229 11-02-15 Battelle Labs – King Ave.

37 of 41

Data Capture Information General Description of Documents Captured Date 

Completed

Uploaded to 

SRDB

Internet - Google Annual report of waste generation and pollution prevention progress, 

site history, special nuclear materials license SNM-7, decommissioning 

plan, DOE occupational radiation exposure, environmental report for 

termination of the NRC license, final status survey report, hot-hardness 

survey of the zirconium-uranium system, measuring and reporting of 

effluents fuel processing and fabrication facilities, NRC inspection 

report, possession of materials in excess of license limits, radiological 

impact caused by emissions of radionuclides into air, remote handled 

transuranic waste inventory, site descriptions, residual radioactivity 

evaluations for individual facilities, site environmental report, trip 

report, use of wire saw for radiological decontamination and 

decommissioning, waste characterization inspection report, and waste 

transportation.

10/27/2014 158

Internet - Health Physics Journal No relevant data identified. 09/29/2011 0

Internet - Journal of Occupational and Environmental 

Hygiene

No relevant data identified. 09/29/2011 0

Internet - Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) The Radiochemistry of the Elements. 07/10/2013 1

Internet - National Academies Press (NAP) No relevant data identified. 09/06/2011 0

Internet - NIOSH The 2004, 2006, and 2008 issues of the report on residual radioactive 

and beryllium contamination at atomic weapons employer facilities and 

beryllium vendor facilities, and the Petition Evaluation Report SEC00208, Battelle Laboratories - King Avenue.

10/16/2014 4

Internet - NRC Agency wide Document Access and 

Management (ADAMS) 

Columbus closure project characterization and final status survey 

report, environmental restoration wastes, license requirements 

measuring and reporting of effluents fuel processing and fabrication 

facilities, safety evaluation for license amendment 37 to special nuclear 

materials license SNM-00007, status of decommissioning program, 

groundwater sampling, an examination of spent fuel rods, waste 

repository research, and a work plan for the JN-1 spent fuel pool.

12/11/2014 30

Internet - Oak Ridge National Laboratory Library Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion Project quarterly progress report, 

investigation of ThF4-fused salt solutions for homogeneous breeder 

reactors, Metallurgy Division semiannual progress report, Operations 

Division monthly report, Physics of Solids Institute quarterly progress 

report, ORNL status and progress reports referring to Battelle, and 

solvent extraction recovery of uranium from metal waste.

04/01/2013 58

Internet - USACE/FUSRAP No relevant data identified. 09/06/2011 0

Internet - US Transuranium and Uranium Registries No relevant data identified. 09/06/2011 0

Kansas City Plant 1973-1981 annual environmental summary reports. 12/04/2012 1
SEC-00229 11-02-15 Battelle Labs – King Ave.

38 of 41

Data Capture Information General Description of Documents Captured Date 

Completed

Uploaded to 

SRDB

Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Accelerator Health Physics characterization report of DOE laboratories. 02/28/2012 1

Mesa State College Tritium and its effects in the environment. 11/18/2010 1

Mound Museum Plutonium shipments, separation of polonium from bismuth, bismuth 

canning and casting, Mound Division of Reactor Development 

summaries, and a Mound Laboratory notebook index.

02/01/2012 8

National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) -

Atlanta

Contract negotiation information, estimated expenditure for thorium 

production and research, rolling thorium hazards, request for deuterium 

oxide, progress report of the Special Materials Division, report on 

research and development, trip report, medical examinations, 1950 

memos regarding when film badge service should be started, and 

shipment information.

09/10/2013 31

National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) -

Atlanta / SC&A

1987 results of Battelle film badges assigned at Pinellas. 04/13/2004 1

National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) -

College Park

Material balance, reports on thorium project, ORAU Team related 

personal notes, program on refining of thorium, request for thorium 

metal, return of thorium scrap to Ames, Iowa, monthly status and 

progress reports, rolling operations, a request for normal uranium, and 

thorium fabrication.

03/13/2014 69

National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) -

Kansas City

Information on facility decontamination history. 03/30/2005 1

National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) -

Seattle

A1966 radioactive material shipment record. 12/18/2014 1

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 

(NIOSH)

AEC uranium fire experience, fast-neutron and gamma spectrum and 

dose in beryllium oxide, General Electric Company - rolling mill report, 

neutron-flux measurements in a flat plate fuel element, quarterly 

progress reports, effects of neutron radiation, effects of rolling on the 

crystallography and metallography of uranium, semiannual reports to 

Congress, annual reports to Congress, the technology of thorium, and a 

trip report.

08/27/2014 35

National Technical Information Service (NTIS) Assemblies for thermal and fast flux irradiation of fuels, 

decontamination of plutonium facility, environmental report, hazards 

summary report, measuring the release of short-lived fission gases 

during capsule irradiations, operation and experimental use of the 

Battelle Research Reactor, operation and maintenance of an in-pile gascooled loop at the Battelle Research Reactor, and radiography using 

californium-252 neutron sources.

07/17/2006 13

Nevada Test Site Records Center Material license SNM-7. 07/15/2009 1
SEC-00229 11-02-15 Battelle Labs – King Ave.

39 of 41

Data Capture Information General Description of Documents Captured Date 

Completed

Uploaded to 

SRDB

New York State Archives Information on contracts, a survey of and exposure reports at Lake 

Ontario Ordnance Works, and 1952 progress reports.

03/24/2012 6

Nuclear Regulatory Commission Non-Public Holdings Environmental reports, license SNM-7 amendments and 

correspondence, radiographic operations at King Avenue Laboratories, 

radiation protection program, and transport of low level rad waste 

material.

09/22/2011 6

Nuclear Regulatory Commission Public Document Room License SNM-7 information, site environmental report, material balance 

report, physical security plan, airborne release, decommissioning 

project, material balance report, radiological status, monthly report, and 

a weekly activities report.

12/16/2014 29

Oak Ridge Library for Dose Reconstruction Radioactive solid waste storage and disposal, Operations Division 

monthly report, and consolidated UF6 release studies.

04/27/2011 3

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Report on the direct micro determination of uranium using a modified 

fluorophotometer, The Battelle Story, studies on large-batch melting of 

uranium, isotopic power materials development progress reports, fuel 

element radiation specimens reports, source and special nuclear material 

accountability reports, and the Amchitka radiobiological program final 

report.

03/20/2014 54

ORAU Building verification surveys. 10/05/2012 9

ORAU Team Radiological incidents, air survey report, radiological practices, 

bioassay results, medical X-ray dose, Landauer minimum detectable 

activity, operations with uranium, documented communications, and a 

report on iridium-238 PUO-2 compatibility.

09/12/2014 39

ORAU Vault Individual dosimetry data. 11/16/2005 68

Pantex Dosimeter badging. 05/15/2008 1

S. Cohen & Associates (SC&A) Materials Testing Reactor progress report, inventory and manufacturing 

statements, 1991 dosimetry weekly highlights, [Name redacted] pre1991 publications, and AEC activities.

04/07/2011 16

SAIC Personnel radiation exposure summaries. 09/02/2004 7

Savannah River Site Thorium canning and de-canning program, dosimetry visitor cards, 

metallurgy section monthly report, monthly progress report, trip report, 

radiation survey log sheets, and thorium and U-233 inventory data.

03/19/2012 22

Southern Illinois University Nuclear fuels and materials development and a transcript of the fiftysixth meeting of the ABRWH board.10/29/2008 2

United Nuclear Corporation (Westinghouse), Hematite, 

MO

Shipping and production documentation. 04/06/2009 1
SEC-00229 11-02-15 Battelle Labs – King Ave.

40 of 41

Data Capture Information General Description of Documents Captured Date 

Completed

Uploaded to 

SRDB

Unknown Air sample data, radiation exposure report, environmental reports, 

investigations regarding former thorium sites, monthly status and 

progress reports, special irradiation program, FUSRAP elimination 

reports, Battelle site operations and facility descriptions, and recycled 

uranium receipts and shipments.

02/04/2011 45

West Valley Shipping Pu containers to Hanford. 11/24/2006 1

TOTAL N/A N/A 2,468

Table A1-2: Internet Databases Searched for Battelle Laboratories – King Ave.

NOTE: Database search terms employed for each of the databases listed below are available in the Excel file called “Battelle – King Avenue Rev 01 (83.14) 09-11-15”

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Selected

Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)

https://www.dtic.mil/

COMPLETED 09/29/2011

See Note above 8,316 7

DOE CEDR

https://www.orau.gov/cedr

COMPLETED 09/29/2011

See Note above 0 0

DOE Hanford DDRS

http://reading-room.labworks.org/Catalog/Search.aspx

COMPLETED 09/06/2011

See Note above 0 0

DOE Legacy Management Considered Sites

http://www.lm.doe.gov/considered_Sites/

COMPLETED 09/06/2011

See Note above 11 1

DOE NNSA - Nevada Site Office

http://www.nv.doe.gov/main/search.aspx

COMPLETED 09/06/2011

See Note above 0 0

DOE OpenNet

http://www.osti.gov/opennet/advancedsearch.jsp

COMPLETED 09/06/2011

See Note above 26 0

DOE OSTI Energy Citations

http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/

COMPLETED 09/06/2011

See Note above 643 1
SEC-00229 11-02-15 Battelle Labs – King Ave.

41 of 41

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Selected

DOE OSTI Information Bridge

http://www.osti.gov/bridge/advancedsearch.jsp

COMPLETED 09/06/2011

See Note above 659 5

Google

http://www.google.com

COMPLETED 09/06/2011

See Note above 180,906 58

HP Journal

http://journals.lww.com/health-physics/pages/default.aspx

COMPLETED 09/29/2011

See Note above 41 0

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 

http://journals.lww.com/joem/pages/default.aspx 

COMPLETED 09/29/2011

See Note above 0 0

National Academies Press

http://www.nap.edu/

COMPLETED 09/06/2011

See Note above 0 0

NRC ADAMS Reading Room

http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams/web-based.html

COMPLETED 09/06/2011

See Note above 171 5

USACE/FUSRAP

http://www.lrb.usace.army.mil/Missions/HTRW/FUSRAP.

aspx 

COMPLETED 09/06/2011

See Note above 0 0

U.S. Transuranium & Uranium Registries 

http://www.ustur.wsu.edu/

COMPLETED 09/06/2011

See Note above 0 0

Table A1-3: Interlibrary Loans Document Requested for Battelle Laboratories – King Ave.

Document Number Document Title Requested

Date

Received

Date

No documents ordered. N/A N/A N/A