ORAU TEAM

Dose Reconstruction

Project for NIOSH

Oak Ridge Associated Universities I Dade Moeller I MJW Technical Services

Page 1 of 81

DOE Review Release 09/14/2012

Document Title:

A Comparison of Mixed Fission and 

Activation Product Coworker Models at the 

Savannah River Site

Document Number: ORAUT-RPRT-0058

Revision: 00

Effective Date: 09/10/2012

Type of Document: Report

Supersedes: None

Subject Expert(s): Matthew G. Arno, James M. Mahathy, and Nancy Chalmers

Approval: Signature on File Approval Date: 08/23/2012

Matthew G. Arno, Document Owner

Concurrence: Signature on File Concurrence Date: 08/22/2012

John M. Byrne, Objective 1 Manager

Concurrence: Signature on File Concurrence Date: 08/22/2012

Edward F. Maher, Objective 3 Manager

Concurrence: Vickie S. Short Signature on File for Concurrence Date: 08/23/2012

Kate Kimpan, Project Director

Approval: Signature on File Approval Date: 09/10/2012

James W. Neton, Associate Director for Science

New Total Rewrite Revision Page Change

FOR DOCUMENTS MARKED AS A TOTAL REWRITE, REVISION, OR PAGE CHANGE, REPLACE THE PRIOR 

REVISION AND DISCARD / DESTROY ALL COPIES OF THE PRIOR REVISION.
Document No. ORAUT-RPRT-0058 Revision No. 00 Effective Date: 09/10/2012 Page 2 of 81

PUBLICATION RECORD

EFFECTIVE 

DATE

REVISION 

NUMBER DESCRIPTION

09/10/2012 00 New report initiated to evaluate Savannah River Site mixed fission 

and activation product coworker models. Incorporates formal internal 

and NIOSH review comments. Training required: As determined by 

the Objective Manager. Initiated by Matthew G. Arno.
Document No. ORAUT-RPRT-0058 Revision No. 00 Effective Date: 09/10/2012 Page 3 of 81

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION TITLE PAGE

Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................................................................... 7

1.0 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 8

2.0 Bioassay Data versus Dose ..................................................................................................... 8

3.0 Methodology ............................................................................................................................ 9

3.1 Mixed Fission and Activation Product Bioassay Data ................................................... 9

3.1.1 Urinalysis Data................................................................................................ 10

3.1.2 WBC Data....................................................................................................... 10

3.2 Job Classification Determination................................................................................. 10

3.3 One Person – One Sample Statistic ........................................................................... 12

3.4 Statistical Analysis...................................................................................................... 13

3.5 Strata Comparison...................................................................................................... 13

4.0 Results................................................................................................................................... 14

4.1 Bioassay Fitting .......................................................................................................... 14

4.2 Strata Comparisons.................................................................................................... 14

5.0 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................... 15

References ........................................................................................................................................ 16

ATTACHMENT A, ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND 

NONCTWS ......................................................................................................... 17

ATTACHMENT B, MCPT AND PETO-PRENTICE PLOTS FOR CTW:NONCTW 

COMPARISONS.................................................................................................. 67

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TITLE PAGE

3-1 Bioassay data types and date ranges used............................................................................ 10

3-2 Number of total bioassay and OPOS results per time period per stratum............................... 12

3-3 Number of bioassay results per individual per period ............................................................. 13

3-4 Population and MFP monitoring ratios.................................................................................... 13

4-1 CTW:nonCTW strata comparison........................................................................................... 14
Document No. ORAUT-RPRT-0058 Revision No. 00 Effective Date: 09/10/2012 Page 4 of 81

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

A-1 MFP ROS fit for AMWs, 1955 ................................................................................................ 17

A-2 MFP ROS fit for AMWs, 1956 ................................................................................................ 17

A-3 MFP ROS fit for AMWs, 1957 ................................................................................................ 18

A-4 MFP ROS fit for AMWs, 1958 ................................................................................................ 18

A-5 MFP ROS fit for AMWs, 1959 ................................................................................................ 19

A-6 MFP ROS fit for AMWs, 1960 ................................................................................................ 19

A-7 MFP ROS fit for AMWs, 1961 ................................................................................................ 20

A-8 MFP ROS fit for AMWs, 1962 ................................................................................................ 20

A-9 MFP ROS fit for AMWs, 1963 ................................................................................................ 21

A-10 MFP ROS fit for AMWs, 1964 ................................................................................................ 21

A-11 MFP ROS fit for AMWs, 1965 ................................................................................................ 22

A-12 MFP Binomial fit for CTWs, 1955 ........................................................................................... 22

A-13 MFP ROS fit for CTWs, 1956 ................................................................................................. 23

A-14 MFP ROS fit for CTWs, 1957 ................................................................................................. 23

A-15 MFP ROS fit for CTWs, 1958 ................................................................................................. 24

A-16 MFP ROS fit for CTWs, 1959 ................................................................................................. 24

A-17 MFP Binomial fit for CTWs, 1960 ........................................................................................... 25

A-18 MFP Binomial fit for CTWs, 1961 ........................................................................................... 25

A-19 MFP ROS fit for CTWs, 1962 ................................................................................................. 26

A-20 MFP ROS fit for CTWs, 1963 ................................................................................................. 26

A-21 MFP ROS fit for CTWs, 1964 ................................................................................................. 27

A-22 MFP Binomial fit for CTWs, 1965 ........................................................................................... 27

A-23 MFP ROS fit for nonCTWs, 1955 ........................................................................................... 28

A-24 MFP ROS fit for nonCTWs, 1956 ........................................................................................... 28

A-25 MFP ROS fit for nonCTWs, 1957 ........................................................................................... 29

A-26 MFP ROS fit for nonCTWs, 1958 ........................................................................................... 29

A-27 MFP ROS fit for nonCTWs, 1959 ........................................................................................... 30

A-28 MFP ROS fit for nonCTWs, 1960 ........................................................................................... 30

A-29 MFP ROS fit for nonCTWs, 1961 ........................................................................................... 31

A-30 MFP ROS fit for nonCTWs, 1962 ........................................................................................... 31

A-31 MFP ROS fit for nonCTWs, 1963 ........................................................................................... 32

A-32 MFP ROS fit for nonCTWs, 1964 ........................................................................................... 32

A-33 MFP ROS fit for nonCTWs, 1965 ........................................................................................... 33

A-34 MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1966........................................................................................ 33

A-35 MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1967........................................................................................ 34

A-36 MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1968........................................................................................ 34

A-37 MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1969........................................................................................ 35

A-38 MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1970........................................................................................ 35

A-39 MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1971........................................................................................ 36

A-40 MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1972........................................................................................ 36

A-41 MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1973........................................................................................ 37

A-42 MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1974........................................................................................ 37

A-43 MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1975........................................................................................ 38

A-44 MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1976........................................................................................ 38

A-45 MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1977 to 1978 ........................................................................... 39

A-46 MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1979........................................................................................ 39

A-47 MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1980........................................................................................ 40

A-48 MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1981........................................................................................ 40

A-49 MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1982........................................................................................ 41
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A-50 MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1983........................................................................................ 41

A-51 MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1984........................................................................................ 42

A-52 MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1985........................................................................................ 42

A-53 MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1986........................................................................................ 43

A-54 MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1987........................................................................................ 43

A-55 MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1988........................................................................................ 44

A-56 ROS fit for AMW WBC data, 1974.......................................................................................... 44

A-57 ROS fit for AMW WBC data, 1975.......................................................................................... 45

A-58 ROS fit for AMW WBC data, 1976.......................................................................................... 45

A-59 ROS fit for AMW WBC data, 1977.......................................................................................... 46

A-60 ROS fit for AMW WBC data, 1978.......................................................................................... 46

A-61 ROS fit for AMW WBC data, 1979.......................................................................................... 47

A-62 ROS fit for AMW WBC data, 1980.......................................................................................... 47

A-63 ROS fit for AMW WBC data, 1981.......................................................................................... 48

A-64 ROS fit for AMW WBC data, 1982.......................................................................................... 48

A-65 ROS fit for AMW WBC data, 1983.......................................................................................... 49

A-66 ROS fit for AMW WBC data, 1984.......................................................................................... 49

A-67 ROS fit for AMW WBC data, 1985.......................................................................................... 50

A-68 ROS fit for AMW WBC data, 1986.......................................................................................... 50

A-69 ROS fit for AMW WBC data, 1987.......................................................................................... 51

A-70 ROS fit for AMW WBC data, 1988.......................................................................................... 51

A-71 ROS fit for CTW WBC data, 1974 .......................................................................................... 52

A-72 ROS fit for CTW WBC data, 1975 ..........................................................................................52

A-73 ROS fit for CTW WBC data, 1976 .......................................................................................... 53

A-74 ROS fit for CTW WBC data, 1977 .......................................................................................... 53

A-75 ROS fit for CTW WBC data, 1978 .......................................................................................... 54

A-76 ROS fit for CTW WBC data, 1979 .......................................................................................... 54

A-77 ROS fit for CTW WBC data, 1980 .......................................................................................... 55

A-78 ROS fit for CTW WBC data, 1981 .......................................................................................... 55

A-79 ROS fit for CTW WBC data, 1982 .......................................................................................... 56

A-80 ROS fit for CTW WBC data, 1983 .......................................................................................... 56

A-81 ROS fit for CTW WBC data, 1984 .......................................................................................... 57

A-82 ROS fit for CTW WBC data, 1985 .......................................................................................... 57

A-83 ROS fit for CTW WBC data, 1986 .......................................................................................... 58

A-84 ROS fit for CTW WBC data, 1987 .......................................................................................... 58

A-85 ROS fit for CTW WBC data, 1988 .......................................................................................... 59

A-86 ROS fit for nonCTW WBC data, 1974 .................................................................................... 59

A-87 ROS fit for nonCTW WBC data, 1975 .................................................................................... 60

A-88 ROS fit for nonCTW WBC data, 1976 .................................................................................... 60

A-89 ROS fit for nonCTW WBC data, 1977 .................................................................................... 61

A-90 ROS fit for nonCTW WBC data, 1978 .................................................................................... 61

A-91 ROS fit for nonCTW WBC data, 1979 .................................................................................... 62

A-92 ROS fit for nonCTW WBC data, 1980 .................................................................................... 62

A-93 ROS fit for nonCTW WBC data, 1981 .................................................................................... 63

A-94 ROS fit for nonCTW WBC data, 1982 .................................................................................... 63

A-95 ROS fit for nonCTW WBC data, 1983 .................................................................................... 64

A-96 ROS fit for nonCTW WBC data, 1984 .................................................................................... 64

A-97 ROS fit for nonCTW WBC data, 1985 .................................................................................... 65

A-98 ROS fit for nonCTW WBC data, 1986 .................................................................................... 65

A-99 ROS fit for nonCTW WBC data, 1987 .................................................................................... 66

A-100 ROS fit for nonCTW WBC data, 1988 .................................................................................... 66

B-1 Peto-Prentice test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 1974........................................................... 67

B-2 Peto-Prentice test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 1975........................................................... 67
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B-3 Peto-Prentice test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 1976........................................................... 68

B-4 Peto-Prentice test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 1977........................................................... 68

B-5 Peto-Prentice test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 1978........................................................... 69

B-6 Peto-Prentice test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 1979........................................................... 69

B-7 Peto-Prentice test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 1980........................................................... 70

B-8 Peto-Prentice test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 1981........................................................... 70

B-9 Peto-Prentice test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 1982........................................................... 71

B-10 Peto-Prentice test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 1983........................................................... 71

B-11 Peto-Prentice test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 1984........................................................... 72

B-12 Peto-Prentice test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 1985........................................................... 72

B-13 Peto-Prentice test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 1986........................................................... 73

B-14 Peto-Prentice test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 1987........................................................... 73

B-15 Peto-Prentice test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 1988........................................................... 74

B-16 MCPT test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 1974...................................................................... 74

B-17 MCPT test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 1975...................................................................... 75

B-18 MCPT test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 1976...................................................................... 75

B-19 MCPT test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 1977...................................................................... 76

B-20 MCPT test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 1978...................................................................... 76

B-21 MCPT test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 1979...................................................................... 77

B-22 MCPT test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 1980...................................................................... 77

B-23 MCPT test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 1981...................................................................... 78

B-24 MCPT test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 1982...................................................................... 78

B-25 MCPT test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 1983...................................................................... 79

B-26 MCPT test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 1984...................................................................... 79

B-27 MCPT test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 1985...................................................................... 80

B-28 MCPT test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 1986...................................................................... 80

B-29 MCPT test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 1987...................................................................... 81

B-30 MCPT test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 1988...................................................................... 81
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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AMW all monitored worker

CTW construction trade worker

DOE U.S. Department of Energy

dpm disintegrations per minute

GM geometric mean

GSD geometric standard deviation

ID identification

L liter

MCPT Monte Carlo permutation test

MFP mixed fission product (period or dataset)

MFPG mixed fission product-gamma (period or dataset)

MPM maximum possible mean

nCi nanocuries

NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

NOCTS NIOSH Claims Tracking System

OPOS one person – one sample

ORAU Oak Ridge Associated Universities

ROS regression on order statistics

SRDB Ref ID Site Research Database Reference Identification (number)

SRS Savannah River Site

TLD thermoluminescent dosimeter

unk unknown

WBC whole-body count
Document No. ORAUT-RPRT-0058 Revision No. 00 Effective Date: 09/10/2012 Page 8 of 81

1.0 INTRODUCTION

At the Savannah River Site (SRS), some workers might have been exposed to mixed fission and 

activation products without being monitored for that potential exposure. The Oak Ridge Associated 

Universities (ORAU) Team Dose Reconstruction Project for the National Institute for Occupational 

Safety and Health (NIOSH) uses coworker models to estimate doses for workers who were not 

monitored for exposure to radioactive materials but might have been exposed to radioactive materials 

(ORAUT 2007, p. 13). These doses are referred to as unmonitored dose. Coworker models are 

typically constructed using data from all monitored workers by fitting a lognormal probability 

distribution to the data (ORAUT 2005, 2006) to estimate the geometric mean (GM) and geometric 

standard deviation (GSD) of the doses. Coworker models for external dose are usually constructed 

from external doses that were assigned to individuals with film badges and thermoluminescent 

dosimeters (TLDs). Coworker models for internal dose are calculated using bioassay data that are 

later evaluated in terms of chronic intake rates and, ultimately, internal doses.

Rather than using all monitored workers to construct a coworker model, an analysis can stratify 

monitored workers into subgroups (i.e., strata) and construct separate coworker models for each 

stratum. Stratification offers potential advantages, such as more precise estimates of the dose to 

unmonitored workers in a stratum, but it also has a number of potential drawbacks and limitations 

(ORAUT 2010). The purpose of this report is to evaluate two proposed strata in relation to bioassay 

data, potential intakes, and internal doses of mixed fission and activation products. The two strata 

consist of (1) the construction trade worker (CTW) stratum that includes workers classified as CTWs 

in accordance with ORAUT-OTIB-0052 (ORAUT 2011a) and (2) the nonCTW stratum that includes 

workers not classified as CTWs (non-construction trade workers). A statistically and practically 

significant difference between the CTW and nonCTW strata could warrant coworker models based on 

the individual strata rather than the entire population of monitored workers, which is designated as the 

all monitored worker (AMW) stratum in this document.

2.0 BIOASSAY DATA VERSUS DOSE

Monitoring for workers who have the potential for exposure to external radiation typically consists of a 

dosimeter (e.g., TLD or film badge) they wear on the upper torso of the body. The dosimeter 

indicates the cumulative dose to the whole body that is received between readings of the dosimeter, 

which creates monitoring intervals that can be anywhere from days to months in duration. A key 

property of the reported doses for each interval is that, for a given individual, the doses are statistically 

independent of each other. For example, the received dose in a given month, by itself, provides no 

information about the dose in the next month and, similarly, the received dose in a given year, by 

itself, provides no information about the dose in the next year.

Internal dose monitoring programs are in many ways similar to the above-described external dose 

programs, but internal dose programs tend to be based on bioassay rather than dosimeters. This is 

an important difference because, if an individual has an intake of radioactive material such that 

radioactive material is detected in a given sample, subsequent bioassay samples can also have 

detectable radioactivity even if there have been no additional intakes. This means bioassay results 

can correlate with each other and are no longer statistically independent. Such a correlation can exist 

for a brief period (after a small intake of tritium, for example), or for the length of a career (after a large 

intake of plutonium, for example). For most mixed fission and activation product radionuclides, such a

correlation may hold for a period of a few months to a year or two.

Operational bioassay programs can generate multiple results for an individual in a given period 

(e.g., a year), which creates a related problem if an individual is involved in an incident and has more 

(potentially many more) bioassay results than other workers. If these are not accounted for, the 

problems of correlated data and unequal numbers of samples per person can skew evaluation of the 
Document No. ORAUT-RPRT-0058 Revision No. 00 Effective Date: 09/10/2012 Page 9 of 81

data by unequally weighting data for that individual. The solution to this problem is to generate a 

single statistic that characterizes multiple bioassay results for each person in a given period. This is 

referred to as a one person – one sample (OPOS) statistic. The OPOS statistic is calculated using 

the maximum possible mean (MPM) methodology (ORAUT 2012).

3.0 METHODOLOGY

The CTW and nonCTW strata were compared using the methodology from ORAUT-RPRT-0053 

(ORAUT 2012). The basic steps of this methodology, discussed in more detail below, are:

• Evaluate the complete set of bioassay data and determine the job classification (CTW or 

nonCTW) for each individual for each bioassay sample.

• For each individual and each period, determine the OPOS statistic for the AMW, CTW, and 

nonCTW strata (See Section 3.3 for more detail).

• Determine the GM and GSD urinary excretion rates for the AMW, CTW, and nonCTW for each 

period using the regression on order statistics (ROS), effective fit, and binomial methods 

(ORAUT 2012) as appropriate.

• Compare the CTW and nonCTW strata using the Monte Carlo permutation test (MCPT) and 

Peto-Prentice tests (ORAUT 2012) to determine if there is a statistically significant difference.

• If there is a statistically significant difference, compare the CTW and nonCTW strata to 

determine if there is a practical difference.

At SRS, all personnel who have worked in regulated areas (“Regulated Zones” and “Radiation Danger 

Zones”), including construction workers, have been periodically checked for assimilation of radioactive 

material by urinalysis bioassay (DuPont 1961–1969). The only exception to this might have been 

when special exclusion zones were established; when this occurred, the outer boundaries of the 

radiological areas were monitored (ORAUT 2008). Notification of sample request was given to 

employees through their supervisors. Special bioassay samples were requested of workers, including 

construction workers, by Health Physics through the worker’s supervisor, when a potential 

assimilation of radioactive material was suspected through air or surface contamination monitoring 

(DuPont 1961–1969).

CTWs are potentially subject to different bioassay practices than other workers. CTWs, many of 

whom are contractors, commonly submit bioassay samples after suspected uptakes and at the 

completion of jobs. This is in contrast to other workers, especially those who are employed directly by 

the prime contractor, who are more likely to be on a routine bioassay program in addition to submitting 

bioassay samples after suspected uptakes. A postjob bioassay is more likely to occur soon after an 

uptake, either suspected or unidentified, than is a routine bioassay. They are therefore more likely to 

have a larger result. This potential difference in how the strata are monitored for intakes may lead to 

higher results for CTWs in comparison with the other strata.

3.1 MIXED FISSION AND ACTIVATION PRODUCT BIOASSAY DATA

In the absence of site logbooks and databases, mixed fission and activation product bioassay data 

were obtained from the NIOSH Claims Tracking System (NOCTS) database for 1955 through 1989 as 

the best available compilation of data in a usable form (ORAUT 2009). The NOCTS database was 

queried on May 7, 2008, to generate a list of all claimants who worked at SRS before 1991. This list 

amounted to 1,421 individuals. Data for six additional individuals that became available during the 
Document No. ORAUT-RPRT-0058 Revision No. 00 Effective Date: 09/10/2012 Page 10 of 81

data entry process were added for a total of 1,427 individuals. The NOCTS Identification (ID)

numbers of the specific individuals identified are listed in ORAUT (2011b). 

3.1.1 Urinalysis Data

The in vitro bioassay data for these individuals were entered into spreadsheets (some already existed 

in this form after the completion of dose reconstructions for those individuals) and subjected to a 

100% verification review by a second person. Mixed fission and activation product urinalysis bioassay 

was performed by two methods. From 1955 through 1965, gross beta analysis was performed for the 

majority of the urinalysis bioassay samples. Starting in 1966 and continuing through 1988, gross 

gamma analysis was performed for the majority of the urinalysis bioassay samples. These two 

periods are called MFP for “mixed fission product” and MFPG for “mixed fission product-gamma,” 

respectively.

Records with results or units of “LIP” (Lost In Process), “IA” (Insufficient Amount), or “Sample lost” 

were excluded from the evaluation because those records represent instances in which samples were 

collected but not analyzed. Records with units of per-unit-volume were adjusted to “per-1.5L” based 

on an assumed 1.5 L/d of urinary excretion. Volumes greater than 1 L were assumed to represent a 

full day’s voiding and were not adjusted. Volumes less than or equal to 1 L were normalized to 1.5 L. 

Activity units were assumed to be in dpm for MFP data and in nCi for MFPG data.

3.1.2 WBC Data

In addition, 137Cs WBC data are available for 1961 through 1989. The in vivo bioassay data for these 

individuals, 923 of which had whole-body count (WBC) data, were entered into spreadsheets (some of 

which already existed in this form after the completion of dose reconstructions for individuals). The 

spreadsheets were subjected to a quality assurance verification in accordance with MIL-STD-105E, 

Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes (DOD 1989), which it passed with less 

than a 1% error rate. For this verification, 315 records (of 33,088) were checked with only 1 error 

found. Per MIL-STD-105E, for a lot between 10,001 and 35,000 items, less than 8 errors results in lot 

acceptance based on the statistical variability of sampling. Records with Illegible, incomplete, or 

blank results were excluded. Multiple same-day WBCs were averaged unless one record was 

marked as “MDA activity used,” in which case the result for that record was excluded from the 

average.

The various bioassay data types and their periods of use are given in Table 3-1.

Table 3-1. Bioassay data types and date ranges used.

Bioassay type Date range

Urine – MFP 1955–1965

Urine – MFPG 1966–1988

Cs-137 WBC 1971–1989

3.2 JOB CLASSIFICATION DETERMINATION

NIOSH directed the ORAU Team to use 1954 Craft Payroll Codes (Author unknown undated) as the 

source of crafts and occupations and the payroll ID field to determine which workers should be 

assigned to the CTW stratum. NIOSH and the ORAU Team reviewed the crafts in that document and 

determined that the following are CTW crafts at SRS that could have involved radiological exposure. 

The payroll ID prefix is listed first with each of the CTW crafts:

• 02 – Instruments (considered electricians in this analysis)

• 05 – Laborer
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• 06 – Carpenter

• 12 – Iron Worker

• 14 – Heavy Equipment Operator

• 15 – Steelworker

• 18 – Millwright

• 20 – Boilermaker

• 21 – Sheetmetal Worker

• 25 – Electrician

• 26 – Pipefitter

• 31 – Insulator

• 33 – Painter

In addition, NIOSH and the ORAU Team considered any worker in Payroll Roll #2 (which is different 

from payroll prefix 02 in the list above) with one of the craft (occupational title) listings above to be a 

CTW for this analysis. An additional craft code, 17, was not given in 1954 Craft Payroll Codes but 

was determined to be associated with “Painter” from examination of SRS work history data. The 

worker history cards were reviewed to determine the Payroll ID# and/or occupational title for each 

individual for each bioassay results. The last entry on the worker history card before the date of the 

bioassay was used to determine the Payroll ID# and/or occupational title.

The following steps were used to create a spreadsheet and identify CTW, nonCTW, and unk data. 

For each bioassay record, the ORAU Team used the sample date, name, and payroll ID number (PR 

ID) to retrieve the assigned job or occupational title from the worker’s SRS work history card (O:\DOE 

Site Images\Savannah River\Work History Information\EDAR & WkHx Images) for the sampled date 

because a worker could have multiple occupational titles over time. In some instances, the value of 

the PR ID field was different on the card than in the bioassay file and was changed in the spreadsheet 

for this evaluation. Occupational titles were recorded as stated on the card. When either the personal 

information could not be found in the SRS worker history cards or when an occupational title was not 

recorded on the matched card, an entry of “unknown” was recorded in the Occupational Title field. 

Once occupational titles had been queried for all bioassay records, various instances of the same 

high-level occupational title were made consistent and recorded in the Changed Occupational Title 

field. For example, Research Chemist and Junior Chemist were considered to be Chemist. The 

values of two fields, “Changed Payroll ID#” and “Changed Occupational Title,” were used to denote 

the value of the CTW field in that particular row. The name of these fields includes “Changed” to 

distinguish them from the original Payroll ID# and occupation title fields. The “changed Payroll ID #” 

field reformats the originally recorded Payroll ID#s into a consistent format (hyphens, leading zeros, 

etc.) while retaining the originally recorded number. No distinction was made between DuPont 

workers and non-DuPont workers. 

1. If the Changed Payroll ID# was of the form “XX-ppppp” where “XX” is 02, 05, 06, 12, 14, 15, 

17, 18, 20, 21, 25, 26, 31, or 33 and “ppppp” is a 5- or more digit number, the record was 

treated as that of a CTW.

2. If the Changed Payroll ID# was of the form “T-nnnn” where “nnnn” is a number, the record was 

treated as that of a nonCTW. (Payroll IDs starting with “T-” indicate payroll 1, which did not 

apply to CTWs.)

3. If the Changed Payroll ID# was of the form “mmmmm” where “mmmmm” is a 2-, 3-, 4-, or 5-

digit number only, the value of Changed Occupational Title was checked.
Document No. ORAUT-RPRT-0058 Revision No. 00 Effective Date: 09/10/2012 Page 12 of 81

a. If the Changed Occupational Title was “Boilermaker,” “Carpenter,” “CTW,” “Electrician,” 

“Glass Blower,” “Heavy Equipment Operator,” “Helper,” “Laborer,” “Maintenance,” 

“Mechanic,” “Millwright,” “Painter,” or “Rigger,” the record was treated as that of a CTW.

b. If the Changed Occupational Title was “Roll 2”, “unknown,” or null, the value of CTW was 

set to “unk.”

c. For all remaining rows, the record was treated as that of a nonCTW.

4. All remaining records were treated as unk.

Sufficient data was available for all bioassay data to classify the record as CTW or nonCTW. 

Therefore, there were no unknowns.

3.3 ONE PERSON – ONE SAMPLE STATISTIC

An average bioassay result using the MPM method was determined for each individual for each 

evaluated period and each job category. This resulted in a table of OPOS results for the AMW 

stratum that used all available bioassay data and two other tables for the CTW and nonCTW strata 

that used only bioassay data that was identified as belonging to each of those strata. Because it was 

possible for a worker to change jobs during the course of a single evaluated period, it is possible that 

a worker had some samples identified as nonCTW and others as CTW in the same period. 

Therefore, one person might have as many as three different OPOS results, one each for the AMW, 

CTW, and nonCTW stratum. Table 3-2 lists the number of total bioassay results and number of 

OPOS results for AMW and each stratum.

Table 3-2. Number of total bioassay and OPOS results per time period per stratum.

Period

AMW CTW nonCTW

Total 

results

OPOS 

results

Total 

results

OPOS 

results

Total 

results

OPOS 

results

1955 296 209 54 44 242 165

1956 477 285 96 64 381 221

1957 280 177 85 51 195 126

1958 237 136 80 50 157 86

1959 311 191 60 42 251 149

1960 382 276 115 74 267 202

1962 600 391 191 122 409 269

1963 501 328 152 102 349 226

1964 468 319 150 101 318 220

1965 491 314 155 97 336 217

1974 101 70 14 13 87 58

1975 132 87 27 22 105 65

1976 72 60 22 18 50 42

1977 99 81 20 19 79 62

1978 133 94 28 20 105 74

1979 116 94 21 19 95 75

1980 139 109 24 20 115 89

1981 147 120 25 23 122 97

1982 146 119 29 26 117 93

1983 140 113 29 28 111 85

1984 149 115 34 27 115 89

1985 97 78 18 13 79 65

1986 165 117 23 19 142 98

1987 126 110 28 24 98 86

1988 123 110 20 16 103 94
Document No. ORAUT-RPRT-0058 Revision No. 00 Effective Date: 09/10/2012 Page 13 of 81

Most workers had only one or two bioassay results in a given period. However, some workers had 

more results due either to having a higher potential for routine exposure or as a result of an incident. 

Table 3-3 details the numbers of occurrences of multiple bioassay results averaged using the MPM 

method for each stratum.

Table 3-3. Number of bioassay results per individual per period.

Number of bioassay 

results per individual

Occurrences per stratum

AMW CTW nonCTW

Urinalysis data

1 6,330 2,620 4,585

2 2,015 320 785

3 280 79 183

>3 115 57 122

WBC data

1 1,473 316 1,159

2 266 40 226

3 50 3 49

>3 23 5 16

Table 3-4 lists the ratio of CTWs to nonCTWs that received bioassay monitoring for mixed fission and 

activation products for each year in the 1974 through 1981 time period. The number of manufacturing 

and technical workers (assumed to represent the nonCTWs) and the number of construction workers 

is based on the SRS monthly report abstracts prepared by Taulbee (2011) using the number of 

manufacturing, technical, and construction workers summarized for July of each year. In the early 

years, the CTWs had a higher bioassay rate than nonCTWs. Starting in 1978, the population and 

bioassay ratio annual variations level out and are consistent between the two groups. This 

is consistent with the implementation of the same radiological monitoring procedures for the two 

groups.

Table 3-4. Population and MFP monitoring ratios.

Year # CTWs # nonCTWs Population ratio Bioassay ratio

1974 600 5,205 0.12 0.22

1975 973 5,140 0.19 0.34

1976 995 5,407 0.18 0.43

1977 1,344 5,598 0.24 0.31

1978 1,973 5,944 0.33 0.27

1979 1,958 5,709 0.34 0.25

1980 1,991 6,050 0.33 0.22

1981 2,159 6,593 0.33 0.24

3.4 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

Statistical analysis of each dataset was performed in accordance with ORAUT-RPRT-0053 (ORAUT 

2012). First, each period was evaluated using the ROS method. If this method failed or yielded an 

unacceptable fit, the effective fit (maximum likelihood) method was used. For instances in which there 

were little or no uncensored data, the binomial fit method was used. 

3.5 STRATA COMPARISON

For each period, the CTW stratum was compared to the nonCTW stratum to determine whether there 

were statistical differences at the 0.05 level of significance. Presence of a statistically significant 

difference was determined using the Peto-Prentice and MCPT tests. The Peto-Prentice and MCPT 

tests were not performed on the MFP and MFPG datasets due to the small amount of uncensored 

data.
Document No. ORAUT-RPRT-0058 Revision No. 00 Effective Date: 09/10/2012 Page 14 of 81

4.0 RESULTS

4.1 BIOASSAY FITTING

• For the AMW population and each of the CTW and nonCTW strata, the ROS fit was calculated 

for the data periods for which there were sufficient data (i.e., more than one uncensored 

result). If there was one or no uncensored results, the binomial fit was used. The effective fit 

methodology was not used. The ROS fit was used for all time periods and strata for the MFP 

data except the CTW strata in 1955, 1960, 1961, and 1965.

• The binomial fit was used for the CTW strata MFP data in 1955, 1960, 1961, and 1965.

• The binomial fit was used for all time periods for the AMW strata MFPG data. The CTW and 

nonCTW strata MFPG data were not fit.

• The ROS fit was used for all time periods and strata for the WBC data.

Attachment A contains the plots of the ROS and binomial fits for each stratum (including AMW).

4.2 STRATA COMPARISONS

For 1955 through 1988, there were insufficient uncensored data to perform a comparison between the 

strata with the MFP and MFPG data. Insufficient WBC data was available to perform a comparison 

before 1974 and for 1989. Peto-Prentice and MCPT tests were performed from 1974 through 1988 

on the WBC data. The result of the MCPT is a simple yes or no: either the observed strata difference 

is outside the 95% confidence bivariate normal confidence ellipse, or it is not. If the observed 

difference is outside the ellipse, there is a statistically significant difference between the strata. 

Table 4-1 contains the results of these tests. Attachment B contains the plotted results of the MCPT 

tests. 

The Peto-Prentice test is used to determine whether the distribution of the OPOS bioassay data is the 

same in the CTW stratum and the nonCTW stratum. The result of the Peto-Prentice test is a twosided p-value. These p-values are compared to the Holm cutoffs (ORAUT 2012) calculated for the 

family of tests (all the Peto-Prentice tests for a given strata comparison) with a family-wise 

significance level of 0.05. If the p-value for a single test is less than its corresponding Holm cutoff 

value, the strata are considered different at a statistically significant level. Table 4-1 contains the 

results of these Peto-Prentice tests. Attachment B contains the plotted results of the Peto-Prentice 

tests

The MCPT and Peto-Prentice tests did not identify statistically significant differences for any year. 

Therefore, no evaluation of practical significance was performed.

Table 4-1. CTW:nonCTW strata comparison.

Year

Peto-Prentice 

p-value

Holm cutoff 

value

MCPT 

result

1974 0.7207 0.0100 No

1975 0.5142 0.0071 No

1976 0.2087 0.0045 No

1977 0.0161 0.0033 No

1978 0.0480 0.0036 No

1979 0.0997 0.0038 No

1980 0.4312 0.0056 No

1981 0.7245 0.0167 No

1982 0.2990 0.0050 No
Document No. ORAUT-RPRT-0058 Revision No. 00 Effective Date: 09/10/2012 Page 15 of 81

Year

Peto-Prentice 

p-value

Holm cutoff 

value

MCPT 

result

1983 0.8719 0.0250 No

1984 0.7220 0.0125 No

1985 0.9893 0.0500 No

1986 0.5126 0.0062 No

1987 0.1862 0.0042 No

1988 0.5935 0.0083 No

5.0 CONCLUSIONS

Statistical analysis revealed that the CTW stratum did not differ from the nonCTW stratum in a 

statistically significant manner for any periods with sufficient data. Therefore, there would be no 

benefit in evaluating the CTW stratum separately from other site workers. The SRS internal dose 

coworker study should evaluate mixed fission and activation product intakes based on the AMW data.
Document No. ORAUT-RPRT-0058 Revision No. 00 Effective Date: 09/10/2012 Page 16 of 81

REFERENCES

Author unknown, undated, 1954 Craft Payroll Codes. [SRDB Ref ID: 102063]

DOD (U.S. Department of Defense), 1989, Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by 

Attributes, MIL-STD-105E, Washington, D.C., May 10. [SRDB Ref ID: 24964]

DuPont (E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company), 1961-1969, Special Project Log Records 2-16-

1961 to 10-13-1969, Savannah River Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina. [SRDB Ref ID: 

51953]

ORAUT (Oak Ridge Associated Universities Team), 2005, Analysis of Coworker Bioassay Data for 

Internal Dose Assessment, ORAUT-OTIB-0019, Rev. 01, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, October 7.

ORAUT (Oak Ridge Associated Universities Team), 2006, Generating Summary Statistics for 

Coworker Bioassay Data, ORAUT-PROC-0095, Rev. 00, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, June 5.

ORAUT (Oak Ridge Associated Universities Team), 2007, Internal Dose Reconstruction, ORAUTOTIB-0060, Rev. 00, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, February 6.

ORAUT (Oak Ridge Associated Universities Team), 2008, SEC Petition Evaluation Report Petition 

SEC-00103, Rev. 0, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, November 14. [SRDB Ref ID: 90587]

ORAUT (Oak Ridge Associated Universities Team), 2009, Use of Claimant Datasets for Coworker 

Modeling, ORAUT-OTIB-0075, Rev. 00, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, May 25.

ORAUT (Oak Ridge Associated Universities Team), 2010, Discussion of Tritium Coworker Models at 

the Savannah River Site – Part 1, ORAUT-RPRT-0049, Rev. 00, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 

November 23.

ORAUT (Oak Ridge Associated Universities Team), 2011a, Parameters to Consider When 

Processing Claims for Construction Trade Workers, ORAUT-OTIB-0052, Rev. 01, Oak Ridge, 

Tennessee, February 17.

ORAUT (Oak Ridge Associated Universities Team), 2011b, “NOCTS ID Numbers Used in the SRS 

Internal Coworker Study,” Oak Ridge, Tennessee, February 15. [SRDB Ref ID: 92815]

ORAUT (Oak Ridge Associated Universities Team), 2012, Analysis of Stratified Coworker Datasets, 

ORAUT-RPRT-0053, Rev. 01, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, July 16.

Taulbee, T., 2011, Notes on Savannah River Site personnel data for 1973-1982, National Institute for 

Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, September 25. [SRDB Ref ID: 105659]
Document No. ORAUT-RPRT-0058 Revision No. 00 Effective Date: 09/10/2012 Page 17 of 81

 Figure A-1. MFP ROS fit for AMWs, 1955.

Figure A-2. MFP ROS fit for AMWs, 1956.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 1 of 50
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Figure A-3. MFP ROS fit for AMWs, 1957.

Figure A-4. MFP ROS fit for AMWs, 1958.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 2 of 50
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Figure A-5. MFP ROS fit for AMWs, 1959.

Figure A-6. MFP ROS fit for AMWs, 1960.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 3 of 50
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Figure A-7. MFP ROS fit for AMWs, 1961.

Figure A-8. MFP ROS fit for AMWs, 1962.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 4 of 50
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Figure A-9. MFP ROS fit for AMWs, 1963.

Figure A-10. MFP ROS fit for AMWs, 1964.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 5 of 50
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Figure A-11. MFP ROS fit for AMWs, 1965.

Figure A-12. MFP Binomial fit for CTWs, 1955.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 6 of 50
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Figure A-13. MFP ROS fit for CTWs, 1956.

Figure A-14. MFP ROS fit for CTWs, 1957.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 7 of 50
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Figure A-15. MFP ROS fit for CTWs, 1958.

Figure A-16. MFP ROS fit for CTWs, 1959.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 8 of 50
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Figure A-17. MFP Binomial fit for CTWs, 1960.

Figure A-18. MFP Binomial fit for CTWs, 1961.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 9 of 50
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Figure A-19. MFP ROS fit for CTWs, 1962.

Figure A-20. MFP ROS fit for CTWs, 1963.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 10 of 50
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Figure A-21. MFP ROS fit for CTWs, 1964.

Figure A-22. MFP Binomial fit for CTWs, 1965.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 11 of 50
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Figure A-23. MFP ROS fit for nonCTWs, 1955.

Figure A-24. MFP ROS fit for nonCTWs, 1956.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 12 of 50
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Figure A-25. MFP ROS fit for nonCTWs, 1957.

Figure A-26. MFP ROS fit for nonCTWs, 1958.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 13 of 50
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Figure A-27. MFP ROS fit for nonCTWs, 1959.

Figure A-28. MFP ROS fit for nonCTWs, 1960.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 14 of 50
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Figure A-29. MFP ROS fit for nonCTWs, 1961.

Figure A-30. MFP ROS fit for nonCTWs, 1962.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 15 of 50
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Figure A-31. MFP ROS fit for nonCTWs, 1963.

Figure A-32. MFP ROS fit for nonCTWs, 1964.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 16 of 50
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Figure A-33. MFP ROS fit for nonCTWs, 1965.

Figure A-34. MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1966.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 17 of 50
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Figure A-35. MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1967.

Figure A-36. MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1968.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 18 of 50
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Figure A-37. MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1969.

Figure A-38. MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1970.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 19 of 50
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Figure A-39. MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1971.

Figure A-40. MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1972.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 20 of 50
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Figure A-41. MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1973.

Figure A-42. MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1974.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 21 of 50
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Figure A-43. MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1975.

Figure A-44. MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1976.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

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Figure A-45. MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1977 to 1978.

Figure A-46. MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1979.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

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Figure A-47. MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1980.

Figure A-48. MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1981.

ATTACHMENT ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 24 of 50
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Figure A-49. MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1982.

Figure A-50. MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1983.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 25 of 50
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Figure A-51. MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1984.

Figure A-52. MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1985.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 26 of 50
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Figure A-53. MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1986.

Figure A-54. MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1987.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

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Figure A-55. MFPG Binomial fit for AMWs, 1988.

Figure A-56. ROS fit for AMW WBC data, 1974.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 28 of 50
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Figure A-57. ROS fit for AMW WBC data, 1975.

Figure A-58. ROS fit for AMW WBC data, 1976.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 29 of 50
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Figure A-59. ROS fit for AMW WBC data, 1977.

Figure A-60. ROS fit for AMW WBC data, 1978.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 30 of 50
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Figure A-61. ROS fit for AMW WBC data, 1979.

Figure A-62. ROS fit for AMW WBC data, 1980.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

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Figure A-63. ROS fit for AMW WBC data, 1981.

Figure A-64. ROS fit for AMW WBC data, 1982.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

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Figure A-65. ROS fit for AMW WBC data, 1983.

Figure A-66. ROS fit for AMW WBC data, 1984.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

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Figure A-67. ROS fit for AMW WBC data, 1985.

Figure A-68. ROS fit for AMW WBC data, 1986.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 34 of 50
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Figure A-69. ROS fit for AMW WBC data, 1987.

Figure A-70. ROS fit for AMW WBC data, 1988.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

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Figure A-71. ROS fit for CTW WBC data, 1974.

Figure A-72. ROS fit for CTW WBC data, 1975.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 36 of 50
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Figure A-73. ROS fit for CTW WBC data, 1976.

Figure A-74. ROS fit for CTW WBC data, 1977.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 37 of 50
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Figure A-75. ROS fit for CTW WBC data, 1978.

Figure A-76. ROS fit for CTW WBC data, 1979.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 38 of 50
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Figure A-77. ROS fit for CTW WBC data, 1980.

Figure A-78. ROS fit for CTW WBC data, 1981.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

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Figure A-79. ROS fit for CTW WBC data, 1982.

Figure A-80. ROS fit for CTW WBC data, 1983.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

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Figure A-81. ROS fit for CTW WBC data, 1984.

Figure A-82. ROS fit for CTW WBC data, 1985.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 41 of 50
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Figure A-83. ROS fit for CTW WBC data, 1986.

Figure A-84. ROS fit for CTW WBC data, 1987.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 42 of 50
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Figure A-85. ROS fit for CTW WBC data, 1988.

Figure A-86. ROS fit for nonCTW WBC data, 1974.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 43 of 50
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Figure A-87. ROS fit for nonCTW WBC data, 1975.

Figure A-88. ROS fit for nonCTW WBC data, 1976.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 44 of 50
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Figure A-89. ROS fit for nonCTW WBC data, 1977.

Figure A-90. ROS fit for nonCTW WBC data, 1978.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

Page 45 of 50
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Figure A-91. ROS fit for nonCTW WBC data, 1979.

Figure A-92. ROS fit for nonCTW WBC data, 1980.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

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Figure A-93. ROS fit for nonCTW WBC data, 1981.

Figure A-94. ROS fit for nonCTW WBC data, 1982.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

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Figure A-95. ROS fit for nonCTW WBC data, 1983.

Figure A-96. ROS fit for nonCTW WBC data, 1984.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

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Figure A-97. ROS fit for nonCTW WBC data, 1985.

Figure A-98. ROS fit for nonCTW WBC data, 1986.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

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Figure A-99. ROS fit for nonCTW WBC data, 1987.

Figure A-100. ROS fit for nonCTW WBC data, 1988.

ATTACHMENT A

ROS AND BINOMIAL FIT PLOTS FOR AMWS, CTWS, AND NONCTWS

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Figure B-1. Peto-Prentice test for CTW:nonCTW WBC 

data, 1974.

Figure B-2. Peto-Prentice test for CTW:nonCTW WBC 

data, 1975.

ATTACHMENT B

MCPT AND PETO-PRENTICE PLOTS FOR CTW:NONCTW COMPARISONS

Page 1 of 15
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Figure B-3. Peto-Prentice test for CTW:nonCTW WBC 

data, 1976.

Figure B-4. Peto-Prentice test for CTW:nonCTW WBC 

data, 1977.

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MCPT AND PETO-PRENTICE PLOTS FOR CTW:NONCTW COMPARISONS

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Figure B-5. Peto-Prentice test for CTW:nonCTW WBC 

data, 1978.

Figure B-6. Peto-Prentice test for CTW:nonCTW WBC 

data, 1979.

ATTACHMENT B

MCPT AND PETO-PRENTICE PLOTS FOR CTW:NONCTW COMPARISONS

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Figure B-7. Peto-Prentice test for CTW:nonCTW WBC 

data, 1980.

Figure B-8. Peto-Prentice test for CTW:nonCTW WBC 

data, 1981.

ATTACHMENT B

MCPT AND PETO-PRENTICE PLOTS FOR CTW:NONCTW COMPARISONS

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Figure B-9. Peto-Prentice test for CTW:nonCTW WBC 

data, 1982.

Figure B-10. Peto-Prentice test for CTW:nonCTW WBC 

data, 1983.

ATTACHMENT B

MCPT AND PETO-PRENTICE PLOTS FOR CTW:NONCTW COMPARISONS

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Figure B-11. Peto-Prentice test for CTW:nonCTW WBC 

data, 1984.

Figure B-12. Peto-Prentice test for CTW:nonCTW WBC 

data, 1985.

ATTACHMENT B

MCPT AND PETO-PRENTICE PLOTS FOR CTW:NONCTW COMPARISONS

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Figure B-13. Peto-Prentice test for CTW:nonCTW WBC 

data, 1986.

Figure B-14. Peto-Prentice test for CTW:nonCTW WBC 

data, 1987.

ATTACHMENT B

MCPT AND PETO-PRENTICE PLOTS FOR CTW:NONCTW COMPARISONS

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Figure B-15. Peto-Prentice test for CTW:nonCTW WBC 

data, 1988.

Figure B-16. MCPT test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 

1974.

ATTACHMENT B

MCPT AND PETO-PRENTICE PLOTS FOR CTW:NONCTW COMPARISONS

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Figure B-17. MCPT test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 

1975.

Figure B-18. MCPT test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 

1976.

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Figure B-19. MCPT test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 

1977.

Figure B-20. MCPT test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 

1978.

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MCPT AND PETO-PRENTICE PLOTS FOR CTW:NONCTW COMPARISONS

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Figure B-21. MCPT test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 

1979.

Figure B-22. MCPT test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 

1980.

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MCPT AND PETO-PRENTICE PLOTS FOR CTW:NONCTW COMPARISONS

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Figure B-23. MCPT test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 

1981.

Figure B-24. MCPT test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 

1982.

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MCPT AND PETO-PRENTICE PLOTS FOR CTW:NONCTW COMPARISONS

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Figure B-25. MCPT test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 

1983.

Figure B-26. MCPT test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 

1984.

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Figure B-27. MCPT test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 

1985.

Figure B-28. MCPT test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 

1986.

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Figure B-29. MCPT test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 

1987.

Figure B-30. MCPT test for CTW:nonCTW WBC data, 

1988.

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MCPT AND PETO-PRENTICE PLOTS FOR CTW:NONCTW COMPARISONS

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