# Patent

## Title
Apparatus and method for adjusting the cognitive complexity of an audiovisual content to a viewer attention level

## Abstract

To allow viewer to adapt audiovisual content to their attention level, the audiovisual signal processing arrangement (104, 106), comprising an audiovisual signal processing unit (104) arranged to receive from a control unit (106) at least one complexity setting value (S_Inf-c) specifying a complexity of information in an audiovisual signal, the audiovisual signal processing unit (104) being arranged to process an inputted audiovisual signal S(A, V) to decrease or increase its information complexity as determined by the complexity setting value (S_Inf-c), wherein the audiovisual signal processing unit (104) is arranged to process at least an audio component (A) of the audiovisual signal S(A, V).

## Background
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to an audiovisual signal processing arrangement and method and software for processing audiovisual signals so that they become easier to digest, e.g. it becomes easier to pick up the message.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Audiovisual systems for the presentation of audiovisual content such as e.g. broadcast television are becoming increasingly information-dense, due to techniques such as e.g.: information packing, e.g. with tightly cut short interviews or explanation clips (only the most relevant sentences of a news local reporting are retained, making this a rather short synthesis of the topic, demanding of the viewer careful attention to all the statements), viewer attention grabbing, e.g. playing with the sound level, multi-window video (e.g. three sub-windows showing different aspects of the same program part, such as e.g. two interviewers simultaneously running to their next person to interview, or additional text banners), etc.
This is very demanding to a viewer, and one can understand that especially after a hard day at work, at least some people will have problems to attentively follow, or even follow at all, certain programs. In limit cases, such a program may even become merely a stress factor rather than being informative or amusing.
It is believed with the increase in audiovisual content, and the merging of several novel audiovisual technologies—e.g. internet on television—that these problems will aggravate.
It is an object of the invention to provide a system that is more responsive to viewer's needs as regards their presentation of their audiovisual information.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A solution inspired by the object is realized by an audiovisual signal processing arrangement (104, 106), comprising an audiovisual signal processing unit (104) arranged to receive from a control unit (106) at least one complexity setting value (S_Inf-c) specifying a complexity of information in an audiovisual signal, the audiovisual signal processing unit (104) being arranged to process an inputted audiovisual signal S(A,V) to decrease or increase its information complexity as determined by the complexity setting value (S_Inf-c), wherein the audiovisual signal processing unit (104) is arranged to process at least an audio component (A) of the audiovisual signal S(A,V), or arranged to process at least one video component (V) and corresponding methods.
E.g. tired or elderly people can specify a setting of information complexity (i.e. the density, and the way information is presented to a viewer), e.g. as a preset for absolute comparison, or a relative value on a slider, and the audiovisual system can adapt the characteristics of the video and/or the audio so that the information complexity becomes less and the program easier to follow. Whereas ideally the entire discussion would need to be changed—e.g. remove difficult words—already with some simple audiovisual signal processing a lot can be achieved, depending on the input signal. E.g., the present method (/arrangement) is particularly suitable for programs with interspersed “reportage” items, such as e.g. the news, a talk show, or a quiz (in this case the questions have their own movie clips), etc., i.e. typically hierarchical information presentation (introduction with main information versus particular details). It becomes then possible to treat the different levels in the hierarchy, i.e. the different temporal intervals [interval in this application shall mean an amount of continuous time from a start time to an end time, and/or the audio and/or video and/or other data for that interval], differently, e.g. by skipping more transmitted or stored information for the lesser relevant details, or vice versa, only retaining the reportages, as a kind of atmosphere setting movie (e.g. the processing unit may be configured to for a travel program cut out the boring in between talks and only retain the landscape pans in a slide show). It will be less suitable for movies, since the director has already optimized those for a desired effect. In between however, documentaries may also be good candidates for processing. E.g., in a travel program, the audio may be satisfactory, but the video may be very fastly cut, and consisting for a great part of fast moving blurry pans, which make it become difficult to watch, and the viewer may even be distracted from the audio. A pure video processing could be e.g.—in the extreme—a slideshow of repeated extracted stills, or less extreme a motion-based jitter removal and sharpening.
It is advantageous if—whether together with video processing or not—the different aspects of audio leading to complexity, and hence the easiness of a viewer to follow and understand the program, are simultaneously optimized (or differentially changed a certain amount with a relative setting). E.g., which kind of voice speaks (a high pitched lady voice versus a calm deep male voice) will by some viewers be judged as important as speaking tempo (the number of words per unit of time).
Since in general there will be some buffering involved, the present arrangement (e.g. typically embodied in a signal processing IC) will advantageously be incorporated in e.g. a hard disk recording or PC for offline viewing (examples of rendering apparatuses 102), but it may also be incorporated in a digital television, and used during real-time viewing. In this case one could when having a tempo slow down buffer the entire incoming program, or resynchronize at a new item, i.e. skip some content.
I.e., whatever the source or presentation of the audiovisual signal, with the present invention the viewer can, with relatively simple control commands, adapt the audiovisual signal to his present attention level.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and other aspects of the method and apparatus according to the invention will be apparent from and elucidated with reference to the implementations and embodiments described hereinafter, and with reference to the accompanying drawings, which serve merely as non-limiting specific illustrations exemplifying the more general concept, and in which dashes are used to indicate that a component is optional, non-dashed components not necessarily being essential. Dashes can also be used for indicating that elements, which are explained to be essential, are hidden in the interior of an object, or for intangible things such as e.g. electromagnetic fields.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates the audiovisual signal processing arrangement by way of example incorporated in an audiovisual signal storage capable device (102);
FIG. 2 schematically shows in more detail embodiments for audiovisual signal analysis units; and
FIG. 3 schematically shows an exemplary look on a display of a composited output audiovisual signal making an input audiovisual signal less complex and easier to follow.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows an audiovisual (A/V) signal processing unit 104, which is arranged to apply several signal transformations to an inputted A/V signal S(A,V), e.g. via broadcast antenna 124, or internet cable, etc. In its simplest configuration it will apply transformations only to the audio, however, sometimes for increased quality (such as lip sync) it may be advantageous to have it apply at least some video processing such as picture repetition. Such specifications of the different algorithms and in particular their correspondence can be either factory set (and partially not changeable), signal-dependent, or user-specified (see below, however, the user should with the configuration menu only be bothered with issues that are relevant, such as the jitter or speed of the video, and not technical issues such as whether a particular motion-compensated interpolation is to be used). The A/V processing unit 104 performs its signal transformations under the control of a complexity setting (i.e. at least one, and possibly several, e.g. a different single value for the audio and the video) value, specifying/characterizing complexity of an audiovisual signal, obtained from a control unit 106, which may be connected to viewer input (e.g. via a communication input 120 to a remote control 122), or behave automatically as a controller tailoring/maintaining the input A/V signal to a desired complexity, e.g. stored by the viewer in a memory at first use of the system (e.g. an absolute value such as words per minute and maximal dynamic of the audio).
It will be very comfortable for a viewer if he can modify the signal in steps, as if he was changing the volume control, namely with plus and minus buttons 123 on his remote control.
Typically the user will want to push the minus button, because he thinks the program is (currently) to hectic, and he starts missing at least some information.
Changing the amount of words per minute can be done in a number of ways. Since speech typically contains pauses between words, the A/V processing unit (PU) can be configured to lengthen these pauses, which results in slower speech. Alternatively or additionally, it could also apply overlap-and-add techniques like PSOLA. It will be understood that combining different audio transformations in a single complexity-influencing transformation (with a single slider 330 setting) not only simplifies control for the viewer, but can also lead to better results. E.g., emphasis on certain words (either by analyzing the A/V signal, e.g. news readers oftentimes move their head when speaking important things, or even by recognizing certain words like “the” and emphasizing other words, or emphasizing certain important (e.g. speech logic) words like “and”, “secondly”, or even just processing the voiced sounds, leaving the fricatives unchanged) may become less important if the tempo of the speech is lower.
Changing the volume of temporal parts of the audio may relate to a simple reduction of the longer term dynamics (e.g. removing harder speech, and setting all speech close to a common volume level, or vice versa modulating the levels—e.g. between longer silences, indicating sentences—to make the story more interesting). Or it may relate to emphasizing certain words, etc.
Also the voice of the speaker may be changed by the A/V PU. This can be done with very complicated vocal tract modeling, but since the vocal tract is typically modeled by a filter on the input of the vocal cords, the coloring can also be done with relatively simple spectral operations, i.e. e.g. increasing the volume in particular bands, which either contributes to intelligibility or pleasantness of the voice. Although it is not necessary to perfectly and fully convert e.g. a high pitched male voice to a calm and deep male voice, the preference of the user for such deep voices (see configuration window FIG. 3, 350) may be realized e.g. simply with a boosting of the low frequencies of the speech. In case of other, background noises, speech separation techniques may be used.
So typically, when the user pushes the minus button, to have a calmer more comprehensive audio presentation, the audio processing will move in a number of steps the speech through characteristics phase space from {fast, jumpy, high pitched} to {slow, monotone, low pitched}, at least if that are the settings of the preferential change direction for late night viewing for that particular viewer.
If the slider 330 is not a relative slider, it will not be set a 50% initially, but rather the signal analysis unit will measure the properties of the audio (and/or video) signal and put the position of the incoming arrow accordingly. Thereto, according to the algorithm model, in factory a number of typical programs are analyzed, and any program of at least X words together (e.g. also coupled to whether a second speaker often interferes, whether there is background noise, type of speaker, . . . ) is represented with the “too hectic” code, i.e. corresponding to slider position 100%. Similarly, some of the programs at or below a certain complexity will be too boring and all characterized as absolute complexity value 0%. The signals of in-between measurements are linearly or non-linearly mapped on the different in-between values of the slider. In this case the viewer can set absolute settings for the complexity, although in practice in both systems he will typically arrive at some general preferred setting. Typically he will store those values in a viewer-characterizing memory 161, which will store a single value to transform all programs to, preferably dependent on the time of day, and possibly on the type of program (news having other settings than documentary, so that the arrangement can then automatically perform the desired A/V signal processing. Instead of having to go to a menu and choose the setting “tired evening”, “morning wake-up” etc., the arrangement comprises software in the control unit 106 to present the slider 330 as a user-adapted slider. In this case, e.g. the 50% setting is the “general viewing” complexity (as inputted as preferred by the current viewer; there may be viewer identification means incorporated, such as e.g. keyword input, biometrics measurement, etc.), and a single minus button push moves to the “tired evening” preferred settings, a plus push to the “morning wake-up” settings, two minus pushes to the “late night” settings, etc., depending on the amount of optimal scenarios specified in a configuration phase by the viewer and their relative complexities (i.e. they are now in non-numerical order, even if “late evening” is 5 times more relaxed than “tired evening”, a single push is enough).
Typically, making the signal less complex, there may be some slowing down involved. This on the one hand—if no precautions are taken—may either lead to skipping some content, or even having to watch for a longer time (e.g. when viewing from a hard disk 192 or solid state memory), but on the other hand, it may be desirable to also lengthen the video to keep A/V sync. It should be understood that—depending on its set-up configuration—the arrangement (the A/V PU) may have one or two of the following different video modification capacities. On the one hand it can process the video making it less complex, while retaining the total duration (e.g. by removing shaky motion, or converting a fast pan to a slower pan of lesser pan magnitude with the same temporal duration by motion-compensated interpolation, or smoothing scene changes, or changing the video dynamics, like removing flashes, or doing a temporal histogram modification, etc.). On the other hand it can change the duration of the video by adding (e.g. repeating) or skipping pictures. E.g. the last couple of pictures of a shot can be removed, while slowing (time-stretching) the first few (in the most extreme case just a single picture is retained). Preferably, to retain temporal smoothness, motion-based interpolation is used (I.e. the in between pictures are synthesized so that all objects are in their expected positions), e.g. the “3DRS natural motion” system of Philips (see e.g.: A. Beric, et al.: ‘Towards an efficient high quality picture-rate up-converter’, Proc. ICIP03, IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Barcelona, Spain, Sep. 14-17, 2003). Depending on such aspects as e.g. the type of program (news vs. documentary), a lesser degree of continuous sync is necessary. Even, a full shot may be omitted, especially if it is of short duration, and because of the fast cut directing, there are many shots of the same location/scene. In general the A/V PU may be configured somewhere from tightly controlling the sync between audio and video to changing their complexity and in particular their tempo completely independently (e.g. in documentaries oftentimes the video is only illuminating/supporting the told story, and can be changed independently without introducing artefacts). Analysis of the temporal correlation between snippets of the audio and video can help in detecting the type of program and necessary sync.
It is advantageous if the arrangement is arranged to offer the option of not necessarily loosing any information, even after slowing the pace. Thereto, the A/V PU may be arranged to do a particular kind of video processing, to create a hierarchically structured output audiovisual signal O(A,V) as illustrated in FIG. 3. In this view, the different temporal subparts of the A/V signal are presented in a list of subwindows 302, 304, . . . . The main view is the part of the A/V signal currently watched, and in window 302 is another part, typically still to come in the future. So the viewer, instead of running out of time and loosing this part 302, can select it and thereby skipping the current part, thereby moving this subsequence to the main window 300. A number (depending on how long the delay is and the coarseness of scene selection and/or how many the viewer wants to see, etc.) of these parts are superimposed on the main window (in a first row left to right, then a second row, etc., until we get something like a comic book, in which the relevant action moments are actually moving). In a more intelligent placing system, the subwindows do not follow a rectangular grid, but are placed according to the underlying picture, so as to not cover too much of it, and as to placement, so as to not cover a video subwindow (by analysis of the variation of picture data in a region between lines) such as the lady interviewee, not covering people, or logos, banners, etc. Although these parts 302 may be selected at random, e.g. each one a minute apart, it is advantageous if they are really meaningful temporal subsequences (such as the (first pictures of) reportages, running concurrently on top of the main video).
Thereto the signal analysis unit 170 may be arranged to e.g. distinguish the news speaker from the on-the-spot reportages and show those reportages in the subwindows 302, 304, etc. Exemplary embodiments of such an analysis unit are illustrated with FIG. 2.
A motion analyzer MOT evaluates the motion in the picture, e.g. global panning and zooming, but also the motion of different objects. So it can track an object and check e.g. how it changes color etc. E.g. the motion analyzer can help in addition to the people analyzer PEOPL. People analyzers are known perse, and may comprise such components as pose analyzers, eye or gaze analyzers, head analyzers or recognizers etc. So it can be checked whether a (part of) person is present, or even which person or what he is doing. But also, interviewers are typically areas of intermediate, relatively little motion (especially the trunk). So the motion analyzer can help in the analysis (characterization of aspects) and/or classification of regions such as person region RP, FIG. 1, and allow a less complex people analyzer. Especially of interest is tracking the speaking person's head, as he tends to e.g. nod to emphasize an important word (the volume of which can then be increased by the audio processor).
The people regions are also input for the scene analyzer SCE_TYPR (in this schematic illustration we assume that all higher analysis is done in this block, although the skilled person will understand that of course e.g. also the histogram analyzer HISTO or dominant voice analyzer DOMVOI can determine a particular content interval), since e.g. a news program is usually with one presenter, whereas a general interest item show or debate may have 2 to 3. In any case it should be clear that the complexity of the program will oftentimes depend on the number of speakers, which will be reflected in the processing rules for determining A/V signal complexity. Although the scene analyzer may be a hardware block, we currently assume it is a general processor, typically running software coding rules SYSTRULS regarding the composition of audiovisual signals, which may be updated e.g. from internet.
The motion analyzer MOT in addition to the spatial image/video properties analyzer BLUR_EDG, which may involve such analysis like global or local blur determination, determination of edges and measures therefrom, etc., will give useful information e.g. to stabilize a jittery captured image. The measurements from these units will typically be output in a complexity vector VC, comprising several components. E.g., VCm is a total measure indicating an amount of motion in the picture, which may be further specified by more detailistic parameters such as e.g. pan magnitude, motion variance over time etc. Similarly, VC1 is a measure of how annoyingly fast the luminance of the scene or comprised objects varies, etc.
These parameters will typically match with parameters of the processing algorithms of the A/V PU, e.g. the pan may be two times too fast and result in a doubling of the pictures via motion-compensated interpolation. Also, one can derive therefrom a single complexity measure which together with the desired complexity S_Inf-c determines how much processing needs be done. Typically the amounts of each correction will happen internally without the user knowing it, e.g. he may in the configuration have specified his liking for several amounts of pan (X pixels per second is “slow”, 2× is “confortable”/“general viewing”, etc.), from which the arrangement can calculate the required compensation given the actual signal complexity and the desired one by simple mathematical interpolation.
Although also the other modules may contribute we briefly describe how PEOPL, HISTO, and DOMVOI may be used (separately or together for increased characterization fineness or robustness) to determine a scene interval SCE_INT, i.e. where either a shot or a scene (an number of similar shots) starts and ends.
Several measurements can be used to determine scene boundaries, from detection of black frames or wipes, to amount of bits required for coding the scene/shot. However, a very useful analysis is by looking at temporal changes or similarities of the spatial histogram, because this can help in extracting dominant shots(/scenes) (the generalization for the modern, hip programs of the dominant picture REFI, e.g. the typical view of a particular camera on the news reader in between reportages).
Often times such a camera will do only small zooms or pans, so there will always be the same picture around the news reader, i.e. that part of the studio (for modern virtual studio news it may be somewhat more complex since the news reader may be surrounding by very variable artificial pictures, although also in those cases there are usually identifiable elements like logos, color schemes, etc.). Thereto a spatial interpolation operation (panning and zooming) may be advantageous before analyzing the spatial histogram (e.g. based on characteristic features). E.g., the total picture may be cut into a number of rectangular blocks, and the colors therein present may be summarized, e.g. by means of the mean value. So one has a representation of the characteristic shot (the news studio), and it can be recognized each time it appears. Advantageously an embodiment of the arrangement will retain such shots if they occur often, especially at certain times, or correlated with certain metadata such as EPG information. Over time it can then store in a data memory 190 model data of such programs as e.g. the six-a-clock news, or doctor Phil. Therefrom the analysis unit can segment scenes of the news reader from the reportages, or scenes where the camera is on doctor Phil from where it is on a guest. The viewer slowly listening to all what doctor Phil is saying can then opt to click on the response of the guest in window 302 (typically with a “next snippet” button, or in a more advanced system by pointing with a remote control with camera), go straight to that, and the arrangement may then be arranged to display the Doctor Phil explanation from start to end in a “previous snippet window” 320, so that if the viewer thinks the doctor Phil advise or question was important afterall, he may continue to listen to that, either from (a little before) where he stopped, or from another time like the beginning of the segment.
Another useful characterization of the characteristic shot is the histogram of the surroundings of the speaker (e.g. one of the dominant speakers). One can make this position and size independent. E.g. one looks at regions of relatively similar colors (e.g. illumination can be discounted by segmenting regions of a narrow chroma histogram) around the speaker RP, i.e. R1, R2, . . . . One can model this scene e.g. with a matrix of the average value of the three left adjacent regions (R4, R4, R3) and right adjacent regions (R2, R1, R1) and do the same for below the person (where there often is an unchanging desk RDES), (RDES1, RDES2, . . . ) and above the person, so obtaining.
RD, RD, R3, R4, R4, R1, R1
R4, R4, R3, 0, R2, R1, R1
RDES1, RDES2, . . . .
Even for serious movement a lot of the elements will correlate. Note that the RD region can be discounted, since in the example it is a movie clip window, which can be detected from the variable and discontinuous content.
Having such a representation may also aid in detecting all shots from a scene (e.g. if the news reader is shot from different camera angles, the characterizing histogram colors of the studio will still to a certain degree occur in several shots, so these can be grouped in that the similarity measure of their value and occurrence is more close than e.g. for an interleaved street reporting or nature scene).
Note that a combination of spatial picture histogram analysis and dominant speaker recognition may as a stand-alone unit also be useful for other applications, e.g. content recognition for scene recognition
Similarly, the identification of a dominant (or characteristic speaker) voice (i.e. a voice which occurs often in a certain time interval, and again in particular if it occurs at a certain time on different days) may aid not only in identifying whether the news reader is talking/introducing the next topic, but also e.g. in a documentary, whether the present information is more relevant—i.e. should e.g. be retained in the complexity-reduced/adjusted output A/V signal- or whether it are just illustrating scenic pictures.
Similarly, a text detector TXT, or a detector for special regions BANNLOG, such as e.g. a static logo, a banner etc., may aid in shot/scene segmentation (yielding the intervals SCE_INT) or identification (yielding types SCE_TYP). An more complex example than just the studio picture of the news reader of identification of what (SCE_TYP) the scene is, is e.g. a soccer match, which can be identified from a green rectangle, ball, a couple of players running around, an audience texture, and shouting sounds.
Lastly, it is interesting if metadata is present, e.g. from internet content. Not alone can this be used for shot/scene segmentation and identification, but also e.g. for characterizing the different hierarchical reportages (e.g. on subwindow 302 the text 303 OBAMA has been rendered, indicating to the user that this is a talk of Obama reportage. Consecutive scenes can also be hierarchically rendered, especially with the help of metadata, e.g. behind window 302 may be three subsequences: Obama's first, second and third argument. Depending on the viewer's interest and stamina, he can dive into several of those or not.
An interesting embodiment of the arrangement allows the viewer to store interesting temporal segments, e.g. to view them again later on. E.g. in a documentary one may first explain how big the market is for rubber tires, or Hillary may make a certain promise. Then when viewing the rest of the program, e.g. how expensive it is to make a tire, the viewer may quickly go back to that snippet to recapture the other fact relating to the total economics picture of the tire business. Thereto the viewer clicks a select button 125 anywhere in a shot/scene, and the entire scene start to end is copied to memory under control of selection unit 160 and shown in a first memory_window 310, and a second one 312 if the button is clicked again. These user-selected special sequences are organized vertically in the lower left corner of the displayed image on display 150, to distinguish them from the automatically generated ones 302, 304.
It is advantageous if the arrangement is arranged to handle commercial snippets differently. Commercial snippets are a good candidate to skip, but that won't be to the liking of the funding company. Thereto the A/V PU is arranged to summarize the commercial, and e.g. put it in its own subwindow. The maker of the commercial may add metadata for summarization, e.g. a few characteristic pictures to show, in which case the viewer still gets the essence (e.g. the reminder to buy) of the commercial, e.g. from an animation on top of which a couple of words are displayed. When clicking the subwindow, more content can appear, just as with the hierarchical programs/reportages described above. Summarization can be as complex as making a hierarchical cut-list with entry points, so that on-the-fly movies of different durations can be made (e.g. with only two examples of where something went wrong to the main character instread of four, or straightaway jumping to the main message), or it can be so simple as to just tune down the annoying audio, e.g. replacing it with text message(s).
As described above, one of the advantages of embodiments following the invention principles is that a user has easy control over the signal complexity (which is handy when he is already tired or stressed). So during operation, he may use only a single slider 330, to reduce or increase the complexity. But additionally it may be advantageous to have a second slider (340), which controls the hierarchical complexity of the offer program/O(A,V), e.g. the amount of subwindows allowable. If this slider is low, this may result in allowing e.g. only 3 automatic subwindows, of which video only the first 50 seconds is retained, and all the rest is thrown away (it may be actually not stored in the buffer memory on 192, or just not rendered in the output signal, even if a subwindow is selected). The potentially complex audio-video processing underlying the complexity change may advantageously at least partially configured by a viewer according to his likings, either at purchase time or at any time. Thereto a menu 350 allows the user to change some parameters for particular processings, such as e.g. he may constrain the dynamics of the audio so that it doesn't vary to wildly. Typically this will present to him various settings, e.g. by transforming the currently inputted program audio, to arrive at certain dynamics complexities, and ask the user to allocate those to at least some classes (“comfortable” or “little tired”, “very uncomfortable” or “really tired”, etc.). The same can be done e.g. with the information hierarchy. E.g. some users may have no trouble with having the entire upper half of the picture covered with subwindows, which when clicked display an entire row of subwindows slightly shifted downwards, which can also be clicked, whereas other user may want only a couple of most relevant items displayed, should they want to consult them. So in the end they reduce the news to only a couple of items, e.g. if they see a bombing in Irak they may want to click it, ignoring all the rest.
There are several ways to create a relaxing signal. E.g., in documentaries (e.g. of a city trip, or nature) there is usually a (relatively) fast pace, just to get all the information into the program. However, one would like to savour the visit to the Grand Canyon, or that nice square in Rome, rather than to see it flash by in seconds. Thereto repetitive sequences may be created (e.g. by a single “repetize” button push), and repetitive should not be interpreted as exactly time synchonously ever repeating a temporal segment (e.g. a shot or scene of shots) of the audiovisual signal, but rather creating a signal of a remaining nature (at least for a certain amount of time, e.g. until the “repetize” button is pushed again to undo the function), kind of like a photo/snapshot, but more immersive because of the characteristic motions in the shots. In a simple embodiment this would work by the audiovisual signal processing unit 104 indeed just extracting the particular shot at the time of the button press and continuing it. However, the audiovisual signal processing unit can be arranged do do more complex signal analysis both temporally and spatially, and e.g. analyze the motion of a human, and even track him across two shots, and use this to generate the sequence. E.g., it may create a panoramic stitch of two related shots of the same scenary and extract the moving actors and repaste them with motion estimation/compensation techniques so that they fluidly walk through the new scene. This analysis may typically also be used to create the most relaxing versus informative extract of the captured scenery, e.g. the linearly moving people through the Roman square (wide angle) scene are retained, but a chaotic quick shot (or the end of the scene in a pan ending on a closeby object e.g.) like e.g. a short snippet of a flower salesman shouting will be cut out as it doesn't blend naturally (which typically also shows as annoying when repeating). Furthermore, the temporally nicely cut scene may also be processed spatially, e.g. to morph, extrapolate textures, create signal for ambilight surround etc. Typcially if there are several subsnippets, the need not be allocated similar time spans, i.e. they need not be shown at the same speed. E.g. the walking persons on the square may be shown in real time, but the actions of the flower salesman may be slowed down, to make him blend in better with the rest of the scene (e.g. tempo wise, or relaxation/information complexity wise), or make the final to be repeated cut more pleasing/relaxing etc. The skilled person will understand that by adding artificial intelligence and using the different captured audiovisual signal parts, one can create very complex re-renderings of the original scene, e.g. with the people in the square walking new trajectories (dropping some of them, waiting for more time until one walks into the scene, etc.).
The algorithmic components disclosed in this text may (entirely or in part) be realized in practice as hardware (e.g. parts of an application specific IC) or as software running on a special digital signal processor, or a generic processor, etc.
It should be understandable to the skilled person from our presentation which components may be optional improvements and can be realized in combination with other components, and how (optional) steps of methods correspond to respective means of apparatuses, and vice versa. The word “apparatus” in this application is used in its broadest sense, namely a group of means allowing the realization of a particular objective, and can hence e.g. be (a small part of) an IC, or a dedicated appliance (such as an appliance with a display), or part of a networked system, etc. “Arrangement” is also intended to be used in the broadest sense, so it may comprise inter alia a single apparatus, a part of an apparatus, a collection of (parts of) cooperating apparatuses, etc.
The computer program product denotation should be understood to encompass any physical realization of a collection of commands enabling a generic or special purpose processor, after a series of loading steps (which may include intermediate conversion steps, such as translation to an intermediate language, and a final processor language) to enter the commands into the processor, and to execute any of the characteristic functions of an invention. In particular, the computer program product may be realized as data on a carrier such as e.g. a disk or tape, data present in a memory, data traveling via a network connection—wired or wireless—, or program code on paper. Apart from program code, characteristic data required for the program may also be embodied as a computer program product.
Some of the steps required for the operation of the method may be already present in the functionality of the processor instead of described in the computer program product, such as data input and output steps.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention. Where the skilled person can easily realize a mapping of the presented examples to other regions of the claims, we have for conciseness not mentioned all these options in-depth. Apart from combinations of elements of the invention as combined in the claims, other combinations of the elements are possible. Any combination of elements can be realized in a single dedicated element.
Any reference sign between parentheses in the claim is not intended for limiting the claim. The word “comprising” does not exclude the presence of elements or aspects not listed in a claim. The word “a” or “an” preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements.

## Claims

1. An audiovisual signal processing apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
a receiver for receiving audiovisual signals, each signal having one or more components, wherein the one or more components include a time unit;
a processor configured
to assign a value of complexity to the received audiovisual signals based on complexity of the respective one or more components, and
to playback the received audiovisual signals in accordance with a value of viewer desired complexity by increasing or decreasing complexity of the playback of the one or more components by changing a number of words rendered in the time unit,

wherein the one or more components include an audio having a plurality of temporal parts and voice data, and the processor increasing or decreasing complexity includes changing a volume of certain of the temporal parts of the audio component and changing a spectral characteristic of the voice data component.

2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a controller having a sensor and configured to enable a viewer to change the value of the viewer desired complexity upwards or downwards in discrete steps.

3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more components include video and audio components and the video component includes a plurality of different temporal parts, and the processor is configured to assign the different temporal parts of the video component to different spatial sub-regions of an output video.

4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 3, further comprising a selector configured to enable a viewer to select a particular temporal part of the video component and assign it to a spatial sub-regions of the output video.

5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an analyzer configured to determine a type of one of the received audiovisual signals from at least one of a shot interval, a scene interval, a program interval, a reportage interval, a shot type.

6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the analyzer is further configured to detect a characteristic shot from a spatial histogram of pictures, and store identifying information of the characteristic shot from analysis of the received audiovisual signal over a time interval of more than a day.

7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the analyzer is further configured to detect a relevant part of the received audiovisual signal from a characteristic speaker, and store characterizing data of a plurality of characteristic speakers.

8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the analyzer is further configured to process the received audiovisual signal according to metadata describing different temporal subparts of the audiovisual signal.

9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the analyzer is further configured to recognize a commercial program, and the processor is configured to convert the commercial program to an essential summary audiovisual signal for combining with the output video.

10. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an audiovisual rendering apparatus having storage for storing the received audiovisual signals.

11. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to create a temporally repeating sequence of at least one temporal part of a part of the inputted audiovisual signal selected from at least one of a spatial subregion corresponding to a subwindow or a part to be displayed on a secondary display, and to allocate different time spans to different subparts of the at least one temporal part.

12. The storage medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein increasing or decreasing complexity includes adding or deleting one or more of the components.

13. A method of changing complexity of an audiovisual signal, the method comprising acts of:
receiving the audiovisual signal having one or more components, wherein the one or more components include a time unit;
assigning a value of complexity to the received audiovisual signal based on complexity of the one or more components; and
playback the received audiovisual signal in accordance with a value of viewer desired complexity by increasing or decreasing complexity of the playback of the one or more components by changing a volume of least one of the e one or more components and changing a spectral characteristic of voice data of least one of the one or more components rendered in the time unit.

14. An audiovisual signal processing apparatus, comprising:
a controller configured to
assign at least one value of complexity specifying a complexity level of one or more components including video in an audiovisual signal, wherein the one or more components include a time unit,
decrease or increase complexity of the playback of the one or more components in response to a value of viewer desired complexity by changing a volume of least one of the one or more components and changing a spectral characteristic of voice data of least one of the one or more components rendered in the time unit, and
playback at least the video component of the audiovisual signal.

15. A non-transitory storage medium readable by a computer and encoded with programming code which when executed by a computer performs a method of changing complexity of an audiovisual signal, the method comprising acts of:
receiving the audiovisual signal including one or more components, wherein the one or more components include a time unit;
assigning a value of complexity to the received audiovisual signal based on complexity of the one or more components; and
playback the received audiovisual signal in accordance with a value of viewer desired complexity by increasing or decreasing complexity of the playback of one or more components by changing a number of words rendered in the time unit,
wherein the one or more components include parts that are superimposed on a main window, an audio having a plurality of temporal parts, and voice data, and increasing or decreasing complexity includes changing a volume of certain of the temporal parts of the audio component and changing a spectral characteristic of the voice data component.

16. An audiovisual signal processing apparatus comprising:
a receiver configured to receive audiovisual input having information;
a controller configured to
assign a value of complexity to the information,
playback the received audiovisual input in accordance with the value of complexity by increasing or decreasing complexity of playback, and
change a number of words in a time unit of the audiovisual input, a volume of certain temporal parts of an audio component of the audiovisual input, and a spectral characteristic of voice data component of the audiovisual input.

17. A non-transitory storage medium readable by a processor and encoded with programming code which when executed by a processor performs a method of changing complexity of an audiovisual signal, the method comprising acts of:
receiving the audiovisual signal including one or more components;
assigning a value of complexity to the received audiovisual signal based on complexity of the one or more components; and
playback the received audiovisual signal in accordance with a value of viewer desired complexity by increasing or decreasing complexity of the playback of one or more components,
wherein the one or more components include audio having a plurality of temporal parts, and voice data, and increasing or decreasing complexity includes changing a volume of certain of the temporal parts of the audio component, changing a spectral characteristic of the voice data component, and adding or deleting one or more of the components.