ORAU TEAM

Dose Reconstruction

Project for NIOSH

Oak Ridge Associated Universities I Dade Moeller I MJW Technical Services

Page 1 of 13

DOE Review Release 01/13/2011

Document Title:

Guidance on Assigning Occupational X-Ray 

Dose Under EEOICPA for X-Rays 

Administered Off Site

Document Number: ORAUT-OTIB-0079

Revision: 00

Effective Date: 01/03/2011

Type of Document: OTIB

Supersedes: None

Subject Expert(s): Elyse M. Thomas

Site Expert(s): N/A

Approval: Signature on File Approval Date: 12/21/2010

Elyse M. Thomas, Document Owner

Concurrence: Signature on File Concurrence Date: 12/21/2010

John M. Byrne, Objective 1 Manager

Concurrence: Signature on File Concurrence Date: 12/21/2010

Edward F. Maher, Objective 3 Manager

Concurrence: Signature on File Concurrence Date: 12/21/2010

Kate Kimpan, Project Director

Approval: Signature on File Approval Date: 01/03/2011

James W. Neton, Associate Director for Science

New Total Rewrite Revision Page Change

FOR DOCUMENTS MARKED AS A TOTAL REWRITE, REVISION, OR PAGE CHANGE, REPLACE THE PRIOR 

REVISION AND DISCARD / DESTROY ALL COPIES OF THE PRIOR REVISION.
Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0079 Revision No. 00 Effective Date: 01/03/2011 Page 2 of 13

PUBLICATION RECORD

EFFECTIVE 

DATE

REVISION

NUMBER DESCRIPTION

01/03/2011 00 New technical information bulletin to implement new DCAS guidance 

based on recent NIOSH interpretation of EEOICPA statute language. 

Incorporates formal internal and NIOSH review comments. Training 

required: As determined by the Objective Manager. Initiated by 

Elyse M. Thomas.
Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0079 Revision No. 00 Effective Date: 01/03/2011 Page 3 of 13

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION TITLE

Acronyms and Abbreviations ...............................................................................................................

PAGE

4

1.0 Introduction.................................................................................................................................5

2.0 Guidance ....................................................................................................................................5

3.0 Discussion ..................................................................................................................................5

References ........................................................................................................................................10

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TITLE

1 Sites with known occurrences of occupational X-rays administered at 

locations other than the covered facility....................................................................................

PAGE

6

2 Covered facilities that administered occupational X-rays on site, or for 

which no evidence exists that X-rays were taken off site.......................................................... 8
Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0079 Revision No. 00 Effective Date: 01/03/2011 Page 4 of 13

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AEC U.S. Atomic Energy Commission

AWE Atomic Weapons Employers

CTW Construction Trade Workers

DCAS Division of Compensation Analysis and Support

DOE U.S. Department of Energy

EEOICPA Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000

HHS U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

NUMEC Nuclear Materials and Equipment Corporation

OTIB ORAU team technical information bulletin

PORTS Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant

REECo Reynolds Electrical and Engineering Company, Inc.

SNL Sandia National Laboratories

SP Site Profile

TBD technical basis document

TIB technical information bulletin

U.S.C. United States Code

§ section or sections
Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0079 Revision No. 00 Effective Date: 01/03/2011 Page 5 of 13

1.0

Technical information bulletins (TIBs) are not official determinations made by the National Institute for 

Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) but are rather general working documents that provide 

historic background information and guidance to assist in the preparation of dose reconstructions at 

particular sites or categories of sites. They will be revised in the event additional relevant information 

is obtained about the affected site(s). TIBs may be used to assist NIOSH staff in the completion of 

individual dose reconstructions.

INTRODUCTION

In this document, the word “facility” is used as a general term for an area, building, or group of 

buildings that served a specific purpose at a site. It does not necessarily connote an “atomic weapons 

employer facility” or a “Department of Energy (DOE) facility” as defined in the Energy Employees 

Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000 [EEOICPA; 42 U.S.C. § 7384l(5) and (12)].

EEOICPA requires the assignment of external dose from medical X-ray examinations performed for 

occupational health screening and required as a condition of employment. Many DOE/AWE sites had 

their own medical clinics and equipment to perform medical X-ray screening of their workers. 

Sometimes, however, the DOE/AWE sites contracted with private physicians’ offices, clinics, or local 

community hospitals to provide this service to workers. 

A recent NIOSH interpretation of the EEOICPA statute affects how X-ray dose should be assigned 

when the X-rays were taken at a site or location that is not defined under the statute as a covered 

facility. This includes the scenario in which X-rays were taken at offsite locations such as private 

physicians’ offices, clinics, or local community hospitals. The NIOSH interpretation is that the statute 

defines covered radiation as the radiation received by a covered employee at a covered facility during 

a covered time period (NIOSH 2010). Except in limited circumstances concerning residual radiation,

only radiation that the employee received while at a covered facility can be included in dose 

reconstruction. Any site profiles stating or suggesting that offsite medical screening doses will be 

included will be revised.

2.0

If it is known that occupational medical X-ray dose was received at a location other than a covered 

facility (i.e., an offsite physician’s office, clinic, or local community hospital), it shall not be included in 

dose reconstruction. If there is doubt about where the X-ray exposure was received, dose 

reconstructors should assume that the dose was received at a covered facility.

GUIDANCE

3.0

Whether X-ray exposure was received at a covered facility is often discovered in the research process 

during the review and analysis of historical documentation for a particular covered site. This 

information is then included in the technical basis document (TBD) or Site Profile (SP) for that site.

Table 1 is a summary of currently published TBDs/SPs that contain such historical information about 

X-rays administered to energy employees off site at locations other than the covered facility where 

they worked.

DISCUSSION

When historical documentation does not provide the needed information about where the 

occupational X-rays might have been taken, the energy employee claim file records might contain 

evidence that some X-rays were taken off site. For example, the X-ray request form might contain a 

private physician's, clinic's, or hospital's letterhead. This is not always an indication, because many 

sites contracted with private radiologists for radiological interpretation of the X-rays, even if the X-rays 
Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0079 Revision No. 00 Effective Date: 01/03/2011 Page 6 of 13

were obtained on site, and the radiologist’s report might be on the office letterhead. Dose 

reconstructors should consult the Project Principal Medical Dosimetrist if questions arise.

For most cases in which energy employee medical records are not provided, dose reconstructors 

should assume that any occupational medical X-ray exposure occurred at the covered facility where 

the energy employee worked. 

The information in Table 1 relies on information in site TBDs, SPs, historical documents, and claim file 

records and includes all X-rays performed for screening. The new interpretation of the EEOICPA 

statute language and subsequent guidance will be incorporated into TBDs, SPs, and other applicable 

project documents as soon as these documents can be revised to include it.

Table 1. Sites with known occurrences of occupational X-rays administered at locations other than 

the covered facility.

Covered 

facility Noncovered (offsite) location

Applicable 

dates for Xrays at NonCovered 

Facilities Reference

Ames

Laboratory

"X-ray examinations of Ames Laboratory staff 

members were conducted at the Iowa State Student 

Health Center/College Hospital."

All ORAUT 2009a, p. 

22; Voss 1957;

Koehn 1995

Battelle 

Columbus

"The Battelle claim records indicate that the chest 

fluoroscopy examinations were performed in a 

private physician’s office."

All chest 

fluoroscopy

ORAUT 2010a, p. 

16; Thomas 2010a

Extrusion 

Plant

"The 1970 appraisal specifically stated that X-ray 

examinations were made off the site at Ashtabula 

General Hospital."

"X-ray examinations were performed at the RMI 

dispensary at some point after 1976 until 1996."

Before 1977

and after 1996

ORAUT 2007c, pp. 

20-21; Hibbitts and 

Pryor 1970; Jelinek 

1971; Johnson 1976

Hanford Site "All of the X-rays on Hanford workers appear to have 

been taken at the Kadlec Hospital in Richland from 

the time it opened in 1944 until 1956 .... This would 

have included construction workers because Kadlec 

Hospital was for many years the only place that 

could perform X-ray examinations ...."

1944 through 

1955

ORAUT 2010b, p. 

12; Kirklin 1969, p. 

217; Cantril 1946, p. 

7

Kansas City 

Plant

"In 1997, medical X-ray services were outsourced;..." After 1997 ORAUT 2006a, p. 

14; Todd 2004 (p. 1)

Lawrence 

Berkeley 

National 

Laboratory

In the early years before about 1964, workers had 

their physical exams (including X-rays) in their 

private physicians’ offices ...."

"Doses for 1991 to 1995 are for the Picker machine, 

and for 1996 to the present are from ORAUT-OTIB0006 ..., since employees have been sent off-site for 

X-rays since that time ...."

Before 1964 

and after 1995

ORAUT 2010d, pp. 

21–22; Parker 1963;

Grondona 2010

Linde

Ceramics

"Some of the claimant files contain data sheets from 

the Black Rock Clinic, where Linde X-rays were 

taken, that state the size to be 14- by 17-in. ...""

1943–1949 ORAUT 2009b, pp. 

67–68; Author 

unknown 1951;

Robinson 1950;

Thomas 2010b
Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0079 Revision No. 00 Effective Date: 01/03/2011 Page 7 of 13

Covered 

facility Noncovered (offsite) location

Applicable 

dates for Xrays at NonCovered 

Facilities Reference

Mallinckrodt “The annual chest x-rays and presumably the pelvic 

x-rays were taken at the Barnes Hospital (the 

Washington University School of Medicine) ... and 

the x-ray records remained the property of the 

hospital ....”

All ORAUT 2010g, p. 

108; Quigley 1950;

Mason 1955, pp. 2, 

14

Nevada Test 

Site

"It appears that many of these x-rays were provided 

by private (contracted) facilities."X-rays performed as 

a result of workplace accidents were administered 

offsite, by private contractors in the early years 

before 1960”.

"For the downtown facility, REECo used a 

commercial radiologist company to provide this 

service [chest x-ray]." 

Before 1960 ORAUT 2007g, pg. 

12; DeMarre 2002 

Nuclear 

Materials and 

Equipment 

Corporation

"NUMEC apparently did not have its own medical Xray department during AEC operational years."

"Even though there is no current evidence that 

routine medical X-rays were performed at 

NUMEC,..."

"Because the medical X-rays for NUMEC employees 

appear to have been performed at a local clinic or 

hospital,..."

All ORAUT 2010e, p. 

39; Author unknown 

1978; Cain 1964;

Wieland 1981; Myers 

ca. 1983; Bovard 

1961; Bovard 1962

Portsmouth 

Gaseous 

Diffusion Plant

"A conversation with a physician that worked at the 

PORTS medical center within this time frame [1954-

1979] indicated that the employees went to three 

area hospitals for x-rays including the Southern Ohio 

Medical center during this time period for annual 

chest x-rays ...."

PFG should be assumed to have been performed 

on-site.

X-ray equipment was installed at Portsmouth in 

1982.

1954–1981 ORAUT 2006b, p.9;

Demopoulos 2003;

Masters 1985;

Thomas 2010c

Simonds Saw 

and Steel

"Tabershaw (1948) stated that the physical 

examinations were done at the Bewly Building in 

Lockport, New York, and that X-ray and laboratory 

examinations were done at the local hospital."

All ORAUT 2005a, p. 

15; Tabershaw 1948 

West Valley "Chest X-rays for West Valley workers have always 

been performed at an offsite location."

All ORAUT 2007e, p. 

51; Thomas 2010d;

Thomas 2010e

Table 2 contains a list of covered facilities where it is known that occupational medical X-rays were 

taken on site or at another covered facility, according to historical documentation. Table 2 also 

contains sites that might have had occupational medical X-rays taken at an offsite location, but this 

cannot be demonstrated with certainty at present. Dose reconstructors should, therefore, include Xray dose in dose reconstructions from the sites listed in Table 2, unless there is evidence in the claim 

file records that the X-rays were taken at a non-covered facility.
Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0079 Revision No. 00 Effective Date: 01/03/2011 Page 8 of 13

Table 2. Covered facilities that administered occupational X-rays on site, or for which no evidence 

exists that X-rays were taken off site.

Covered facility Notes Reference

Allied Chemical "...and would have been done at Massac 

Memorial Hospital or perhaps a local doctor’s 

office according to one employee..." No historical 

documentation found to support this statement

ORAUT 2007b, p. 20

Aliquippa Forge

Argonne National 

Laboratory – East

Some performed at University of Chicago, but 

this is a covered facility.

"However, persons receiving their annual x-ray 

examination at the University of Chicago..."

ORAUT 2006c, p. 7

Brookhaven National 

Laboratory

Bridgeport Brass

Chapman Valve

Clarksville

Fernald

General Atomics "A former GA nurse recalled that chest X-rays 

were required for beryllium workers and stated 

the X-ray examinations were conducted at La 

Jolla Radiology." No historical documentation 

found to support this statement

ORAUT 2008a, p. 46

Harshaw

Idaho National Laboratory 

and Argonne National 

Laboratory – West

"Offsite facilities might have been contracted to 

perform the examinations." 

ORAUT 2009d, p. 8

K-25 Plant

Lawrence Livermore 

National Laboratory

Los Alamos National 

Laboratory

Some might have been taken at the Los Alamos 

Hospital, which was likely the predecessor to the 

Los Alamos Medical Center (a covered facility) 

and appears to have been located on site.

ORAUT 2010c, p. 8

Mound Plant

Oak Ridge National 

Laboratory

Paducah Gaseous 

Diffusion Plant

Pantex Plant

Pinellas Plant

Pacific Northwest National 

Laboratory

Same as Hanford ORAUT 2007f, p. 5

Pacific Proving Ground

Rocky Flats Plant

S-50 Plant

Stanford Linear 

Accelerator Center

No X-rays currently assigned

Sandia National 

Laboratories
Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0079 Revision No. 00 Effective Date: 01/03/2011 Page 9 of 13

Sandia National 

Laboratories, Livermore

"In the 1950s, the pre-employment set of X-rays 

may have been performed at SNL/NM or off the 

site in California." No historical documentation 

found to support this statement.

"The X-ray machine equipment was removed 

from the site in approximately 1990 ...." After 

1990, x-rays performed at LLNL, a covered 

facility (McDowell-Boyer 2006)

ORAUT 2007d, p. 22; McDowellBoyer 2006

Santa Susana Field 

Laboratory

"By 1998, all radiographic examinations were 

subcontracted to West Hills Hospital in West 

Hills, California." No historical documentation 

found to support this statement.

ORAUT 2008b, pp. 10, 13

Savannah River Site

Superior Steel

Tennessee Valley 

Authority

Weldon Spring Plant

W. R. Grace

Y-12 Plant

Dose reconstructions are also performed for sites for which no TBDs or SPs have been written. In 

reconstructing doses for these claims, dose reconstructors should use any available historical 

documentation or evidence in claim file records to assign X-ray dose in accordance with the guidance 

in this OTIB. For cases in which historical documentation of offsite X-ray doses has not been found, 

and energy employee medical records are not provided, dose reconstructors should assume in most 

cases that any occupational medical X-ray exposure occurred on site at the covered facility where the 

energy employee worked.

X-ray dose assignment for construction trade workers (CTW) should be the same as for other energy 

employees described in this OTIB. In other words, dose reconstructors should assume that CTW had 

X-rays taken on site at the covered facility where they worked, unless evidence shows that these Xrays were taken off site at a non-covered facility.

The guidance in this OTIB supersedes any guidance on this single issue of assignment of X-ray dose 

at covered facilities that might be found in the following documents or in TBDs and SPs issued before

this OTIB:

• ORAUT-OTIB-0006, Rev.03 PC-1, Dose Reconstruction from Occupationally Related 

Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures (ORAUT 2005b)

• ORAUT-OTIB-0052, Rev.00 PC-1, Parameters to Consider When Processing Claims for 

Construction Trade Workers (ORAUT 2007a)

• ORAUT-PROC-0006, Rev. 01, External Dose Reconstruction (ORAUT 2006d)

• ORAUT-PROC-0061, Rev.03, Occupational Medical X-Ray Dose Reconstruction for DOE 

Sites (ORAUT 2010f)
Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0079 Revision No. 00 Effective Date: 01/03/2011 Page 10 of 13

REFERENCES

Author unknown, 1951, “Health and Personal Record.” [SRDB Ref ID: 9089, p. 14]

Author unknown, 1978, collection of personnel and medical records – claimant [name redacted], 

[SRDB Ref ID: 27768, p. 189–195].

Bovard, P. G., 1961, “Report of Roentgen Findings from Paul G. Bovard, M.D.,” Tarenton, 

Pennsylvania, December 13. [SRDB Ref ID: 27898, p. 153]

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Processing Claims for Construction Trade Workers, ORAUT-OTIB-0052, Rev. 00 PC-1, Oak 

Ridge, Tennessee, January 16.

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Information for Dose Reconstruction, ORAUT-TKBS-0056 Rev. 00, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 

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ORAUT (Oak Ridge Associated Universities Team), 2007e, Site Profile for the West Valley 

Demonstration Project, ORAUT-TKBS-0057 Rev. 00 PC-1, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, August 17.
Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0079 Revision No. 00 Effective Date: 01/03/2011 Page 12 of 13

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Laboratory, the Canoga Avenue Facility (Vanowen Building), the Downey Facility, and the De 

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Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0079 Revision No. 00 Effective Date: 01/03/2011 Page 13 of 13

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Thomas, E., 2010d, “Excerpts from Claim File Records of West Valley Workers,” memorandum to file, 

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communication with P. Denning (West Valley Environmental Services), Oak Ridge Associated 

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Laboratory, Ames, Iowa, February 8. [SRDB Ref ID: 25846]

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