1 This memorandum opinion was not selected for publication in the New Mexico Reports. Please

2 see Rule 12-405 NMRA for restrictions on the citation of unpublished memorandum opinions. 

3 Please also note that this electronic memorandum opinion may contain computer-generated

4 errors or other deviations from the official paper version filed by the Court of Appeals and does

5 not include the filing date. 

6 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO

7 STATE OF NEW MEXICO,

8 Plaintiff-Appellee,

9 v. NO. 30,714

10 JESUS CASTILLO,

11 Defendant-Appellant.

12 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF DOÑA ANA COUNTY

13 Lisa C. Schultz, District Judge

14 Gary K. King, Attorney General

15 Santa Fe, NM

16 for Appellee

17 Liane E. Kerr

18 Albuquerque, NM

19 for Appellant

20 MEMORANDUM OPINION

21 KENNEDY, Judge.

22 Defendant appeals his convictions for armed robbery, conspiracy to commit

23 armed robbery, aggravated battery, and aggravated assault. In this Court’s notice of
2

1 proposed summary disposition, we proposed to affirm. Defendant has responded with

2 a memorandum in opposition, which we have duly considered. As we are not

3 persuaded by Defendant’s arguments, we affirm. 

4 Voluntariness of Defendant’s Statements to the Police

5 Defendant contends that the district court erred in denying his motion to

6 suppress evidence of certain statements he made to the police that he claims were

7 involuntary. [See DS unnumbered page 2; RP 154-55; MIO 3-6] In this Court’s

8 notice of proposed summary disposition, we proposed to affirm. Defendant responds

9 by asserting that when he told the police that he would talk to them if his statements

10 were “off the record,” he meant that his statements would remain confidential—just

11 between him and the police. He bases his arguments on citations to Wikipedia.org

12 regarding “off the record” statements made to reporters. [MIO 5] 

13 We find Defendant’s argument to be unconvincing. First, it is clear that a

14 potential source who gives a reporter information on the condition that it be “off the

15 record” might reasonably expect that the reporter would keep the information to

16 herself. It is quite different, however, when a person has been taken into custody by

17 the police in relation to a number of crimes for which he is being investigated, and is

18 given warnings specifically to inform him that anything he says will be used against

19 him in court. [RP 154 (indicating that Defendant received Miranda warnings and
3

1 signed a “Miranda warning statement” prior to speaking with the police)]

2 Furthermore, as we stated in our notice of proposed summary disposition, even if the

3 police engaged in deception when they agreed with Defendant that his statements

4 would be off the record, Defendant has provided no persuasive rationale or legal

5 authority to support his assertion that this deception constituted coercion that rose to

6 such a level that Defendant’s will was overborne and his capacity for self7 determination was critically impaired. See State v. Evans, 2009-NMSC-027, ¶ 46, 146

8 N.M. 319, 210 P.3d 216 (stating that police deception is not per se coercive).

9 Therefore, we conclude that the district court did not err in denying Defendant’s

10 motion.

11 Admission of Evidence for Impeachment Purposes

12 Defendant contends that the district court erred in admitting the entire twenty13 six page transcript of a witness’s prior inconsistent statement for impeachment

14 purposes. [DS unnumbered page 5] In our notice of proposed summary disposition,

15 we proposed to find no reversible error, in part because Defendant had failed to

16 provide this Court with any specifics about the evidence or any explanation of how

17 he was prejudiced by its admission. We also noted that to the degree that we were

18 able to evaluate Defendant’s argument on its merits it appeared that the district court

19 had not abused its discretion in admitting the statement, based on our Supreme Court’s
4

1 opinion in State v. Varela, 1999-NMSC-045, ¶ 36, 128 N.M. 454, 993 P.2d 1280,

2 which states that when a prior inconsistent statement is admitted at trial, the entire

3 statement may be admitted and that the State need not show an inconsistency as to

4 each and every statement. 

5 In response, Defendant has purported to provide this Court with the information

6 necessary to evaluate his claim by citing to a transcript in the record of an interview

7 of Lorenzo Castillo. [MIO 7-10; RP 127-38] It is not clear why Defendant believes

8 that this information will further his claim, since the transcript on which Defendant’s

9 claim of error is based is of an interview with a different witness, Javier Orozco. [RP

10 unnumbered pages 4, 5; MIO 7] Accordingly, because Defendant has not met his

11 burden of demonstrating on appeal that any of the statements contained in Javier

12 Orozco’s interview were prejudicial to him, he has failed to establish reversible error

13 on this basis. See Varela, 1999-NMSC-045, ¶ 37 (declining to reverse based on the

14 erroneous admission of a prior statement that was not actually inconsistent with the

15 witness’s trial testimony where the evidence was cumulative and the defendant

16 therefore could not demonstrate that the error made a difference at his trial). 

17 Furthermore, as we stated in our notice of proposed summary disposition, our

18 Supreme Court has stated that when a prior inconsistent statement is admitted at trial,

19 the entire statement may be admitted and the State need not show an inconsistency as
5

1 to each and every part of the statement. See Varela, 1999-NMSC-045, ¶ 36.

2 Defendant does not provide any authority to suggest that Varela’s discussion of this

3 issue is incorrect, no longer good law, or need not be followed by this Court for some

4 reason. Instead Defendant points to State v. Barr, 2009-NMSC-024, ¶ 36, 146 N.M.

5 301, 210 P.3d 198, which explains that, pursuant to the rule of completeness as

6 codified in Rule 11-106 NMRA, when a party introduces a portion of a statement and

7 the opposing party seeks to introduce the remainder of the statement in order to

8 correct misleading impression created by the selection of the decontextualized excerpt,

9 only that portion of the remainder of the statement that is relevant and necessary to

10 serve the purpose of such correction should be introduced. Here, however, it is clear

11 that the evidence was not introduced pursuant to Rule 11-106. Here, the entire

12 statement was introduced by the State to impeach Javier Orozco’s in-court statement.

13 No party sought to introduce only a portion of the statement that might be

14 misconstrued unless completed. Accordingly, Barr and the other cases cited by

15 Defendant that rely upon Rule 11-106 do not apply to this case. To the degree that

16 Defendant believes that some of the principles discussed in Barr should apply equally

17 to the circumstances of when a prior inconsistent statement has been introduced

18 pursuant to Rule 11-613 NMRA, he has not expressly made this argument or provided

19 any authority to support it. Therefore, even if we were to evaluate the merits of
6

1 Defendant’s claim, we would apply Varela. See 1999-NMSC-045, ¶ 36. 

2 Admission of Observer’s Statement Regarding Defendant’s Approach

3 Defendant contends that the district court erred in admitting a witness’s

4 testimony that an unknown person called out “Chuy’s coming. Chuy’s coming,” after

5 the witness heard gunshots and saw that Defendant was approaching him. [DS

6 unnumbered pages 3, 5] In this Court’s notice of proposed notice of summary

7 disposition, we proposed to find no abuse of discretion in admitting this statement

8 based on the district court’s rationale that the statement came within the excited

9 utterance exception to the rule against hearsay or, in the alternative, that it was

10 admissible as within the exception for present sense impressions. Defendant responds

11 by arguing that hearsay cannot be admitted when the identity of the declarant is

12 unknown. [MIO 16-18] He cites no authority to support this proposition, and our

13 case law is to the contrary. See State v. Chavez, 2008-NMCA-125, ¶ 9, 144 N.M. 849,

14 192 P.3d 1226 (stating that in ruling on the admissibility of a statement under the

15 present sense exception to the rule against hearsay: “It is immaterial that the declarant

16 is unavailable to testify; it is immaterial that the declarant is unknown.”). We

17 therefore conclude that the district court did not abuse its discretion.

18 Accordingly, for the reasons stated in this opinion and in our notice of proposed

19 summary disposition, we affirm. 
7

1 IT IS SO ORDERED.

2 ___________________________________

3 RODERICK T. KENNEDY, Judge

4 WE CONCUR:

5 _________________________________

6 MICHAEL D. BUSTAMANTE, Judge

7 _________________________________

8 CYNTHIA A. FRY, Judge