### FILED 

# COURTOFAPPEALS DIVISION II 2015 

### FEB 18 

## AM 9: 22 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WA` s" lA

STATE OF WASHINGTON,

v. CHANARA SOEUN, DIVISION II
Respondent,

Appellant. i0H

No. 45473 -

4 - 11

UNPUBLISHED OPINION

LEE, J. — 

### Chanara Soeun appeals his sentence following his conviction for second degree robbery. 

### Soeun argues that the trial court incorrectly calculated his offender score because three ofhis prior convictions should have been considered the same criminal conduct. We hold thatthe 

### trial court did notabuse its discretion by scoring Soeun'sthree priorconvictions separately forthe purpose ofcalculating Soeun's offender score and Soeun's sentence. Therefore,we affirm. FACTS A

### jury found Soeun guilty of second degree robbery.

## 1 Soeun's criminal history included fourjuvenile convictions and adult convictions for first degree robbery, third degree assault, and 

### first degreetheft. The adult robbery,assault, andtheft convictions resulted from a single incident. Soeun does not dispute the existence ofhis prior convictions.



### 1 Soeun does notchallengehis convictionforseconddegree robberyandhissame criminal conduct argument is based on three prior convictions. 

### Therefore, the facts underlying his conviction are unnecessary for resolving Soeun' s appeal.No. 45473 -4 -II



### At sentencing,the State arguedthat Soeun's offenderscore should be calculated at 6. The State reached its calculation 

### by counting a half point for each juvenile conviction (2 points), 2 

### points forthe first degree robbery conviction, 1 point forthe third degree assault, and 1 point for the first degree theft. Soeun argued that his offender score should be calculated at 4 because the 

### robbery,assault, and theftconvictions werethe same criminal conduct and should be counted as 2 points (scored forthe robbery). 

### Soeun presented the trial court with the information, probable cause statement, jury instructions, verdict forms, andjudgment and sentence forthe robbery, assault, and theft charges. The State presented the trial courtwith our opinion affirming Soeun's prior adult robbery, assault,
and theft convictions. 

### In that opinion,we recited the underlying facts of Soeun' s prior robbery, assault, and theft convictions as follows:

On June 11, 2006, Eli and Carrie Adamson lefttheir residence in a relative' s 

### truckto buyhardwood flooring at ahardware store.Afterthey left,Chanara Soeun stole the Adamsons' white Honda Accord parked in their driveway. A neighbor watched Soeun steal the car and called the Adamsons ontheir cellular phone. Carrie Adamson turned the truck around, while Eli Adamson spoke with police on their cellular phone. 

### On their way home, the Adamsons passed Soeun driving their Honda towards them in the opposite lane. Carrie Adamson turned the truck around again, 

### followed Soeun into a cul - de -sac, and pulled the truck up next to the white Honda when Soeun parked it in front of his residence. Eli Adamson got out of the truck, yelled at Soeun to get out ofthe car, pulled open the driver' s side door, and grabbed 

### Soeun by his hair. Soeun shifted the Honda into reverse and stepped on the gas pedal. 

### The moving Honda pulled Eli Adamson under it and ran over his ankle while he managed to pull Soeun from the driver' s seat and out of the car. The 

### Honda made two revolutions in reverse, running over Eli Adamson's torso and 

### coming to a stop when it hit atelephone pole. Soeun fledthe scene. State v. Soeun, noted at 146 Wn.App. 1033, 2008 WL 3319819.

2No. 45473 - 4 -II 

### Afterreviewing allthe information,thetrial courtfoundthatthe priorconvictions hadbeen charged as three separate and distinct acts, and thatthejury found Soeun guilty ofthree separate distinct acts. And, the trial court noted that, without additional information, it could not come to

a different result. The trial court calculated Soeun' s offender score at 6 and imposed a standard range sentence. Soeun appeals. ANALYSIS 

### Soeun argues thatthe trial court erred by determining that his prior adult robbery, assault, and theft convictions did not constitute the same criminal conduct, and that the trial court should have calculated his offender score as 4 ratherthan 6. We hold that Soeun failed to meet his burden to prove that his prior convictions were the same criminal conduct. Thus, the trial court did not 

### abuse its discretion by determining that Soeun' s prior convictions were not the same criminal
conduct. 

### All ofadefendant' s prior convictions are counted separately unless some or all ofthe prior
convictions are the same criminal conduct. RCW 9. 94A.589( 1)( a). Prior convictions are the same criminal conduct ifthe convictions required the same criminal intent, were committed at the same time and place, and involved the same victim. RCW 9.94A.589( 1)( a). 

### Ifa prior sentencing court found that the convictions were the same criminal conduct,then the current sentencing court must
count them as one offense. State v. Williams, 176 Wn.

### App. 138, 141, 307 P.3d 819 (2013), 

### affd, 181 Wn.2d 795 (2014). 

### However, ifapriorsentencing courtdid notmake asame criminal conduct 

### finding, then the current sentencing court must determine whether the prior convictions are the same criminal conduct. Williams.,176 Wn.App. at 141. We reviewthetrial court's same criminal
conduct

### finding for a ' clear abuse ofdiscretion or misapplication ofthe law. ' State v. Haddock,No. 45473 - 4 -II
141 Wn.2d 103, 110, 3 P.3d 733 ( 2000) (

### quoting State v. Elliott, 114 Wn.2d 6, 17, 785 P.2d 440, cert. denied,498 U.S. 838 ( 1990)). 

### Because a same criminal conduct finding lowers the defendant' s presumed offenderscore, the defendant bears the burden to prove that his prior convictions are the same criminal conduct. State v. Graciano, 176 Wn.2d 531, 540, 295 P.3d 219 (2013). 

### Ifthe defendant fails to prove any 

### of the three statutory elements, the defendant has failed to meet his burden to prove his prior convictions are the same criminal conduct. Graciano, 176 Wn.2d at 540. Ifthe record before the 

### sentencing court "supports only one conclusion on whether crimes constitute the ` same criminal conduct,' a sentencing court abuses its discretion in arriving at a contrary result." Graciano, 176 Wn.2d at 537 -

38. However, when the record supports either result or the record is unclear, the 

### trial court does not abuse its discretion by refusing to enter a same criminal conduct finding. Graciano, 176 Wn.2d at 538, 541. Here, the court that sentenced Soeun on the prior adult robbery, assault, and theft 

### convictions did not make a same criminal conduct finding; therefore, the current trial court 

### properly conducted adetermination ofwhether Soeun's prior convictions werethe same criminal
conduct. 

### The only evidence the trial court had regarding the facts of the prior case was the statement offacts from our opinion and the probable cause statement from the original charging document, both ofwhich were consistent. The trial court noted that it did not have the trial record to make a more accurate determination. Based on the information before it, the trial court determined that the prior convictions were based on acts that were separate and distinct. Soeun
argues to the contrary. However, the record before the trial court can support either conclusion

4No. 45473 - 4 -II 

### underthe same criminal conductanalysis. Therefore, the trial court did not abuse its discretion by 

### not making a same criminal conduct finding. Atheft becomes a robbery ifforce is used while effectuating escape because thetaking of 

### propertyis considered ongoing untilthe defendanthas completed his escape. State v. Truong, 168 Wn. 

### App. 529, 535 -36, 277 P.3d 

### 74, review denied, 175 Wn.2d 1020 ( 2012); see also State v. Handburgh, 119 Wn.2d 284, 293, 830 P.2d 641 ( 1992) (

### using force againstthe property ownerto
retain property 

### initially taken outside the property owner' s presence is robbery). The facts ofthe prior convictions before the trial court can support a determination that the theft was completed
when Soeun parked the car in front of his residence. Soeun stole the car, obtained exclusive possession, drove it away, and parked the car in front of his house. The facts of the prior 

### convictions also can support a determination that after Soeun completed the theft by parking the car in front of his own residence, Adamson approached the car, pulled Soeun by the hair, and Soeun used force to retain possession of the car. Therefore, because the facts of the prior
convictions before the trial court can support either conclusion — that the convictions were based

on separate acts or were the same criminal conduct—

### the trial court did not abuse its discretion by 

### not making a same criminal conduct finding.

In addition, the record is unclear whether the prior convictions support the conclusion that the robbery and assault involved the same criminal intent. 

### The underlying facts before the trial 

### court showthat Soeun attempted to retain possession ofthe car by shifting the car in reverse and stepping on the gas pedal. 

### The underlying facts in the record also show that a struggle ensued 

### between Adamson and Soeun and that Soeun was pulled out ofthe car by Adamson. However, the record is unclear whether the car ran over Adamson while Soeun was still in the car trying to
5No. 45473 -4 -II

escape from Adamson or whether the car ran over Adamson after Soeun had been pulled out of 

### the car. Becausethe record is unclear,thetrial court did notabuse its discretion byfinding Soeun's 

### adult robbery and assault convictions did not constitute the same criminal conduct.

Here, the record before the trial court is unclear. At best, the facts before the trial court could support either result under a same criminal conduct analysis. Therefore, we hold that Soeun did not meet his burden to prove same criminal conduct, and the trial court did not abuse its 

### discretion by not making a same criminal conduct finding. Because the trial court did not abuse its discretion by not entering a same criminal conduct finding,the trial court correctly calculated Soeun' s offender score at 6. Soeun' s challenge to the calculation of his offender score fails.

We affirm. 

### A majority of the panel determining that this opinion will not be published in the Washington Appellate Report, but will be filed for public record in accordance with RCW 2.06.040, it is so ordered.

We concur:

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