DA 13-0714

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA

2014 MT 216

DARREL W. SHARP, et al.,

 Petitioners and Appellants,

 v.

THE EUREKA TOWN COUNCIL and

THE TOWN OF EUREKA, MONTANA,

 Respondents and Appellees.

APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Nineteenth Judicial District,

In and For the County of Lincoln, Cause No. DV 13-03

Honorable James B. Wheelis, Presiding Judge

COUNSEL OF RECORD:

For Appellants:

Douglas Scotti, Morrison & Frampton, PLLP, Whitefish, Montana 

For Appellees:

Clifton W. Hayden, Hedman, Hileman & Lacosta, PLLP, Whitefish, Montana

Submitted on Briefs: June 4, 2014

 Decided: August 12, 2014

Filed:

__________________________________________

Clerk

August 12 2014
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Justice Laurie McKinnon delivered the Opinion of the Court.

¶1 Petitioners Darrel W. Sharp, et al., appeal from an order of the Nineteenth Judicial 

District Court, Lincoln County, granting summary judgment in favor of the Eureka Town 

Council and the Town of Eureka, Montana (Eureka). We affirm. 

¶2 The issue presented for review is whether § 7-2-4741, MCA, allows relation back of 

an amendment to the pleadings adding the names of an additional 89 petitioners previously 

identified as “John Does 1-200.”

PROCEDURAL AND FACTUAL BACKGROUND

¶3 On December 4, 2012, Eureka passed an ordinance of annexation encompassing the 

Midvale Water and Sewer District and the Mountain View Trailer Park (Midvale). The 

ordinance would extend the corporate limits of Eureka to include Midvale effective July 1, 

2013. Darrel Sharp is the owner of property in Midvale. Sharp coordinated opposition to the 

annexation by collecting signed notices of opposition from the owners of 85 parcels of land, 

which he claimed represented a majority of real property owners in the area to be annexed. 

¶4 On December 27, 2012, Sharp met with an attorney to discuss filing a petition for 

review of the annexation procedure pursuant to § 7-2-4741, MCA, which allows a majority 

of real property owners in the area to be annexed to petition for judicial review within 30 

days of the passage of an annexation ordinance. Sharp claims he had already compiled a list 

of those individuals to be named as petitioners and represented them when meeting with 

counsel. The would-be petitioners, however, had not yet decided who would bear the costs 

of legal representation. The 30-day deadline for filing the petition was January 3, 2013. In 

an effort to meet this deadline, Sharp filed a petition naming himself, his wife Dorothy 
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Sharp, and “John Does 1-200” as petitioners. On March 14, 2013, after the petitioners had 

determined responsibility for legal fees, Sharp filed an amended petition naming himself, 

Dorothy Sharp, 89 other individuals, and “John Does 1-10” as petitioners. 

¶5 On June 28, 2013, Eureka filed a motion to dismiss, arguing that the petitioners had 

failed to file a petition representing a majority of real property owners before the 30-day 

deadline. The petitioners responded that under M. R. Civ. P. 15(c), the amended petition 

naming the individual property owners should relate back to the date the original petition 

was filed. Sharp filed an affidavit stating that the names of the petitioners were already 

known to him at the time of filing, and included as an exhibit signed notices of objection 

collected before the petition was filed. The District Court converted Eureka’s motion to 

dismiss to a motion for summary judgment and granted summary judgment in favor of 

Eureka, concluding that § 7-2-4741, MCA, did not allow relation back of amended 

pleadings. The petitioners filed this appeal. 

STANDARD OF REVIEW

¶6 A district court’s ruling on a motion for summary judgment is reviewed de novo, 

applying the same criteria under M. R. Civ. P. 56(c) as the district court. Turner v. Wells 

Fargo Bank, N.A., 2012 MT 213, ¶ 11, 366 Mont. 285, 291 P.3d 1082. Summary judgment 

is appropriate when there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and the moving party is 

entitled to judgment as a matter of law. M. R. Civ. P. 56(c); Turner, ¶ 11.
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DISCUSSION

¶7 Whether § 7-2-4741, MCA, allows relation back of an amendment to the pleadings 

adding the names of an additional 89 petitioners previously identified as “John Does 1-

200.”

¶8 Property owners in an area to be annexed may petition for judicial review of the 

annexation procedures followed by the municipality. Section 7-2-4741, MCA. The petition 

must be filed by a majority of real property owners or by the owners of property comprising 

75% of the assessed value of real estate in the area within 30 days of the passage of an 

annexation ordinance. Section 7-2-4741, MCA. The reviewing district court may hear 

arguments, receive written briefs, and take evidence intended to show that statutory 

procedures were not followed or applicable standards were not met. Section 7-2-4742, 

MCA. The decisions of the governing body of the municipality are presumed to be 

reasonable and lawful until set aside. Section 7-2-4743, MCA. Either the petitioners or the 

municipality may appeal the decision of the district court in the manner prescribed by the 

Montana Rules of Appellate Procedure. Section 7-2-4744, MCA. The appealing party may 

also request a stay of the judgment of the lower court while the appeal is pending. 

Section 7-2-4744, MCA. Judicial review of annexation procedures is to be conducted “only 

in the manner provided in 7-2-4741 through 7-2-4744 [MCA].” Section 7-2-4746, MCA. 

¶9 Petitioners claim relation back of their amended petition is permitted by the Montana 

Rules of Civil Procedure. Relation back of amendments is governed by M. R. Civ. P. 

15(c)(1), which reads as follows: 

An amendment to a pleading relates back to the date of the original pleading 

when: 
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(A) the law that provides the applicable statute of limitations allows relation 

back; 

(B) the amendment asserts a claim or defense that arose out of the conduct, 

transaction, or occurrence set out—or attempted to be set out—in the original 

pleading; or 

(C) the amendment changes the party or the naming of the party against whom 

a claim is asserted . . . .

¶10 Petitioners argue M. R. Civ. P. 15(c)(1)(B) is applicable because the claims stated in 

their amended petition “arose out of the conduct, transaction, or occurrence set out . . . in the 

original pleading.” We have held that relation back of amendments adding or changing a 

plaintiff is allowed where there is a close identity of interest between the original plaintiff 

and the present plaintiff and the new claim is based on the same allegations as the original 

claim. Semenza v. Bowman, 268 Mont. 118, 123, 885 P.2d 451, 454 (1994) (citing Priest v. 

Taylor, 227 Mont. 370, 381, 740 P.2d 648, 655 (1987)).

¶11 The Montana Rules of Civil Procedure, however, “do not supersede the provisions of 

statutes relating to appeals to or review by the district courts . . . .” M. R. Civ. P. 81. 

Section 7-2-4746, MCA, states that annexation decisions may be reviewed only in the 

manner provided in §§ 7-2-4741 through -4744, MCA. Where the Montana Rules of Civil 

Procedure are inconsistent with those statutory provisions, the statutory provisions must 

govern. M. R. Civ. P. 81. Moreover, M. R. Civ. P. 81 “does not interject the Rules of Civil 

Procedure into other statutory schemes which provide different procedural 

requirements . . . .” In re Estate of Spencer, 2002 MT 304, ¶ 13, 313 Mont. 40, 59 P.3d 

1160.

¶12 Section 7-2-4741, MCA, sets out two requirements for the filing of a petition for 

review: the petition must be filed by a majority of real property owners of the area to be 
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annexed, and it must be filed within 30 days of passage of an annexation ordinance. If the 

petition requesting review does not meet these requirements, the court may not review the 

annexation procedures. Section 7-2-4746, MCA. Relation back under M. R. Civ. P. 15(c) 

would effectively nullify both of these requirements by allowing anyone—including a 

minority of real property owners or parties who do not own any real property in the area to 

be annexed—to file the initial petition, and then allowing a majority of real property owners 

to join after the 30-day deadline. Such an application of M. R. Civ. P. 15(c) is inconsistent 

with the manner of review provided in § 7-2-4741, MCA. The statutory provision must 

govern. Section 7-2-4746, MCA; M. R. Civ. P. 81. The requirements of § 7-2-4741, MCA,

are clearly stated and do not contemplate relation back of an amendment adding the names of 

a majority of real property owners to the petition after the 30-day deadline has passed. 

Because we may not interject the provisions of M. R. Civ. P. 15(c) into the different 

procedural requirements stated by § 7-2-4741, MCA, we need not further address whether 

relation back would be permitted under the rule. Spencer, ¶ 13.

¶13 The petition in this case was filed by the Sharps alone. Although they claim to have 

had the support of a majority of property owners at the time, those property owners had not 

yet decided to join in the legal action, and the petition was not filed by them. Moreover, 

although Sharp presented signed notices of objection which he claimed demonstrated the 

intent of other real property owners to join him in seeking judicial review, the vast majority 

of the notices were collected prior to the passage of the annexation ordinance. They all state 

an objection to the act of annexation rather than an intention to seek review of the procedures 

followed. The right to protest an annexation before it occurs is legally distinct from the right 
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to seek judicial review of a completed annexation. Gregg v. Whitefish City Council, 2004 

MT 262, ¶ 52, 323 Mont. 109, 99 P.3d 151. A property owner’s exercise or waiver of one of 

these rights cannot be construed as the exercise or waiver of the other, separate right. Gregg, 

¶¶ 52-53. The petition in this case was not filed within 30 days of the passage of the 

annexation ordinance by a majority of real property owners in the area to be annexed. 

Eureka was therefore entitled to judgment as a matter of law. 

¶14 For the reasons stated above, the order of the District Court granting summary 

judgment to Eureka is affirmed.

/S/ LAURIE McKINNON

We Concur:

/S/ MICHAEL E WHEAT

/S/ PATRICIA COTTER

/S/ JAMES JEREMIAH SHEA

/S/ JIM RICE