ORAU Team

Dose Reconstruction Project for NIOSH

Internal Dosimetry Coworker Data for Y-12

Document Number:

ORAUT-OTIB-0029

Effective Date: 04/05/2005

Revision No.: 00

Controlled Copy No.: ______

Page 1 of 25

Subject Expert: Elizabeth M. Brackett

Document Owner

Approval: Signature on File Date: 04/01/2005

Edward F. Maher, Task 5 Manager

Concurrence: Signature on File Date: 04/01/2005

Richard E. Toohey, Project Director

Approval: Signature on File Date: 04/05/2005

James W. Neton, Associate Director for Science

Supersedes:

None
Effective Date: 04/05/2005 Revision No. 00 Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0029 Page 2 of 25

RECORD OF ISSUE/REVISIONS

ISSUE 

AUTHORIZATION 

DATE

EFFECTIVE 

DATE

REV. 

NO. DESCRIPTION

Draft 01/12/2005 00-A New technical information bulletin for assignment 

of Y-12 internal doses based on coworker 

bioassay data. Initiated by Elizabeth M. Brackett.

Draft 03/08/2005 00-B Incorporates internal review comments. Initiated 

by Elizabeth M. Brackett.

Draft 03/17/2005 00-C Incorporates NIOSH review comments. Initiated 

by Elizabeth M. Brackett.

04/05/2005 04/05/2005 00 First approved issue. Initiated by Elizabeth M. 

Brackett.
Effective Date: 04/05/2005 Revision No. 00 Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0029 Page 3 of 25

1.0

There are instances of energy employees who, for a variety of reasons, were not monitored for 

internal exposure during the course of their employment at a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) 

facility, or whose records of such monitoring are incomplete or unavailable. In such cases, data from 

coworkers may be used to approximate an individual’s possible exposure. This document details the 

calculation and assignment of intakes based on coworker data from the Y-12 Site.

PURPOSE

2.0

Analysis of Coworker Bioassay Data for Internal Dose Assignment (ORAU 2004a) describes the 

general process used for analyzing bioassay data for assigning doses to individuals based on 

coworker results. 

OVERVIEW

Bioassay results were obtained from the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) 

Center for Epidemiologic Research (CER) Dosimetry Database, which contains uranium urinalysis 

records from the Y-12 site for 1950 to 1988. ORISE obtained this database from Y-12 for the 

purpose of conducting an epidemiology study of site workers. The database results are in units of 

disintegrations per minute (dpm)/day, although original urinalysis results were reported in terms of 

either mass or activity concentrations, depending on the measurement method. The assumptions 

used to convert mass results to activity concentrations for inclusion in the database are not known, 

nor are the assumptions used to normalize spot sample results to 24 hours. A statistical analysis of 

these data was performed in accordance with ORAU (2004a). The resultant values were input to the 

IMBA Expert OCAS-Edition computer program, and a fit to the data was performed to obtain intake 

rates for assigning dose distributions. 

3.0

3.1 SELECTED BIOASSAY DATA

DATA

Data were extracted from “Y12 Urinalysis 1950-1988,” a Microsoft® Access version of the ORISE/CER 

Dosimetry Database. Sample dates were taken from the Date field and uranium urinalysis results 

were taken from the field labeled DPERM_INT in the database. The latter field contains uranium 

bioassay results in units of dpm/day. Samples labeled Control were excluded from the analysis, as 

were those with a code of 9 in the UseFlag field; documentation provided with the database indicated 

that the latter meant “do not use data as specified by [Y-12] HP.” The reasons for marking particular 

results are unknown. A review of the database revealed that nearly 20% (85,544 of 479,446) of the 

results were flagged as not to be used. Of those, 82,892 (97%) had results less than or equal to 0. 

The excluded results greater than 0 were relatively uniformly distributed among all positive results, 

and accounted for less than 1% of them (2652 of 299,967).

3.2 ANALYSIS

Because of the large number of sample results, data were analyzed by month. A lognormal 

distribution was assumed, and the 50th and 84th percentiles were calculated for each month, using 

the method described in ORAU 2004a. Because there were fewer results in 1950 and 1951, these 

years were analyzed on annual basis rather than by month. However, the analysis results were not 

included in the intake modeling because the 50th- and 84th-percentile values were much smaller than 

later years, and ORAU (2004b) states, “...the technique used prior to May of 1952 may have 

underestimated the urinary uranium concentrations.” January through April of 1952 were included in 

the modeling because the 50th- and 84th-percentile values were generally larger than subsequent 

values. Table A-1 shows the statistical analysis results. 
Effective Date: 04/05/2005 Revision No. 00 Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0029 Page 4 of 25

4.0

4.1 ASSUMPTIONS

INTAKE MODELING

All results were assumed to be representative of a full day (24 h) of urinary excretion. Each result 

used in the intake calculation was assumed to be normally distributed, and a uniform absolute error of 

1 was applied to all results, thus weighting all results equally. Because of the nature of work at Y-12, 

a chronic exposure pattern best approximates the true exposure conditions for most workers with a 

potential for intakes. Intakes were assumed to be via inhalation using a default breathing rate of 1.2 

m3

/h and a 5-μm activity median aerodynamic diameter (AMAD) particle size distribution. 

The database reported all results as “uranium.” Because a variety of enrichments are possible at the 

Y-12 site, 234U was assumed for the IMBA intake modeling. This does not affect the fitting of the data 

for intake determination (i.e., the same total intakes would be obtained for any enrichment that was 

assumed) because all uranium isotopes behave the same biokinetically and the isotopes considered 

in this analysis have long half-lives relative to the assumed intake period. The ICRP 68 dose 

coefficients (also referred to as dose conversion factors) for 234U are 7% to 31% larger than those for 

235U, 236U, and 238U. Because of the isotopic compositions of the source terms, the 234U dose 

conversion factor will overestimate doses.

Although there are no bioassay results from before 1950 included in the database, the first intake 

period was assumed to begin on January 1, 1947. Prior to 1947, the calutron was in operation. 

There are no bioassay measurements for the period and conditions were likely quite different than at 

later times on the site, so this period was not included in the modeling. The Technical Basis 

Document for the Y-12 National Security Complex – Site Description (ORAU 2003) states, “Y-12 was 

shut down in Dec. 1946 and employment was cut drastically,” in reference to the calutron and 

associated uranium isotope separation programs. Primary operations from 1947 to 1951 consisted of 

salvage, recovery, and recycle operations, with uranium preparation and machining beginning in 

1949. It was therefore assumed that exposure conditions beginning in 1947 would have been similar 

to those in the early 1950s.

4.2 BIOASSAY FITTING

The IMBA Expert OCAS-Edition computer program was used to fit the bioassay results to a series of 

inhalation intakes. IMBA allows the input of 200 urine sample results, which is insufficient to include 

all of the Y-12 monthly results. However, this can be expanded to 400 results by using the userdefined bioassay function and applying all of the urine parameters to this function. Data from January 

1952 through December 1988 were fit as a series of chronic intakes. 

The initial intake assumptions were based on periods that coincided with major operations on the site. 

The years 1947 to 1951 had very specific operations and were therefore modeled as one intake 

period. However, the bioassay data had some distinct patterns, so the intake dates were adjusted to 

obtain a better approximation of the data. There appeared to be low-level chronic intakes of uranium 

throughout long periods, with briefer, larger intakes superimposed on them. To model this pattern, 

three long-term chronic exposures were assumed to cover 1947 through 1988. Five shorter chronic 

exposures were modeled on top of the early period to account for the intermittent rises in the urine 

results. 

Because the uranium isotopes present at Y-12 have very long half-lives and the material is retained 

in the body for long periods, excretion results are not independent. For example, an intake in the 

early 1950s could contribute to urinary excretion in the 1980s and later. To avoid potential 

underestimation of intakes for people who worked at Y-12 for relatively short periods, each intake was 

fit independently, using only the bioassay results from the single intake period. This will likely result 
Effective Date: 04/05/2005 Revision No. 00 Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0029 Page 5 of 25

in an overestimate of intakes, particularly for assumed type S exposures extending through multiple 

assumed intake periods. 

4.3 MATERIAL TYPES

Section 5.1.1 of ORAU (2004b) notes, “while the exceptional cases with unusually protracted lung 

clearance are important, it is more important to note that, for the vast majority of individuals, lung 

clearance took place in approximate accordance with the ICRP Publication 2 “Insoluble” model, which 

fits within the current “Type M” framework.” Because there have been cases of very insoluble 

material noted on the site, both types M and S were evaluated. 

All of the bioassay results were entered into IMBA, and are therefore displayed in the figures 

(Attachment A). However, as described in Section 4.2, each period was fit separately so only the 

results within the intake period were selected for use in fitting each period. Excluded results are 

shown in red in the figures. 

4.3.1

Uranium urine results were fit using a type M material. Figures A-1 to A-8 show the individual fits to 

the 50th-percentile values. The same intake periods were applied to the 84th-percentile values 

because the values followed a similar pattern; results of the individual fits are not shown here but they 

fit reasonably well. Table 4-1 summarizes the intake periods and corresponding intake rates for the 

50th- and 84th-percentiles.

Type M

Figure A-9 shows a representation of the 50th-percentile predicted values from all intakes, and Figure 

A-10 shows the 84th-percentile predictions. These depict the expected excretion rates from an 

individual exposed for all the periods at the 50th and 84th percentile intake rates, respectively, 

specified in Table 4-1. The geometric standard deviations (GSDs) were determined by dividing the 

84th percentile intake rates by the 50th percentile intake rates.. 

4.3.2

The intake periods used in the type M fits were also applied to the type S material fits. Figures A-11 

to A-18 show the individual fits for the 50th-percentile values. Table 4-2 summarizes the intake rates 

for the 50th- and 84th-percentile values. The GSDs were determined as noted for the type M intake 

rates.

Type S

Figures A-19 and A-20 show the 50th- and 84th-percentiles’ predicted excretion rates, respectively,

from all type S intakes.

Table 4-1. Type M uranium intake periods and rates.

Start date Stop date

Uranium intake rate (dpm/day)

50th percentile 84th percentile GSD

1/1/1947 2/28/1978 169.34 598.93 3.54

1/1/1947 4/30/1952 354.59 1,154.9 3.26

8/1/1953 11/30/1953 547.22 1,963.1 3.59

11/1/1956 2/28/1959 226.90 825.31 3.64

6/1/1961 12/31/1962 248.68 866.81 3.49

10/1/1968 12/31/1972 160.67 601.60 3.74

3/1/1978 9/30/1984 80.03 355.93 4.45

10/1/1984 12/31/1988 44.203 223.85 5.06

Figure 4-9. Predicted (type M, 5 μm) uranium urinary excretion from eight independent intakes, 50th

percentile, 1952-1988. 
Effective Date: 04/05/2005 Revision No. 00 Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0029 Page 6 of 25

Table 4-2. Type S uranium intake periods and rates.

Start date Stop date

Uranium intake rate (dpm/day)

50th percentile 84th percentile GSD

1/1/1947 2/28/1978 1,844.4 6,544.2 3.55

1/1/1947 4/30/1952 5,210.4 16,970 3.26

8/1/1953 11/30/1953 17,983 64,559 3.59

11/1/1956 2/28/1959 5,694.6 20,560 3.61

6/1/1961 12/31/1962 6,849.4 23,632 3.45

10/1/1968 12/31/1972 3,290.3 12,415 3.77

3/1/1978 9/30/1984 1,280.3 5,802.9 4.53

10/1/1984 12/31/1988 884.85 4,340.6 4.91

5.0

5.1 INTAKE RATE SUMMARY

ASSIGNMENT OF INTAKES AND DOSES

Several intake periods overlapped, so they were combined to make 12 distinct intake periods, with a 

single intake rate and associated GSD for each. For 1947 through February 1978, all GSDs were 

within 10% of each other, so the largest GSD for the period was assigned to all intake rates for 

simplicity. Table 5-1 summarizes the 12 intake periods. Note that these are equivalent to the 8 

intake periods specified in Table 4-1, but provide a chronological layout of the changing intake rates 

over time. 

5.2 CONTRIBUTION FROM CONTAMINANTS IN RECYCLED URANIUM

Throughout the DOE complex, spent fuel from fission reactors has been processed to recover 

uranium for recycling. Because the uranium streams at Y-12 could have contained recycled uranium, 

the dose from the added constituents, including plutonium, 237Np, and 99Tc, must be included. See 

ORAU (2004b) for information about intake values relative to the uranium intake amounts. 

5.3 DOSE ASSIGNMENT

Doses to be assigned to individuals are calculated from the 50th-percentile intake rates; the material 

type resulting in the largest probability of causation is selected. A comparison of the intake rates 

shows that the type S assumption is more than an order of magnitude larger than the type M intake 

for all periods. However, because the type S material remains in the lungs for an extended period 

while the type M material is transferred to the systemic organs, it is necessary to compare the annual 

doses on a case-by-case basis to determine which will deliver the larger dose to the organ of interest. 

Recycled uranium contaminants, when appropriate for the period, will also factor in to this 

comparison.

The lognormal distribution is selected in the Interactive RadioEpidemiological Program (IREP), with 

the calculated dose entered as Parameter 1 and the associated GSD as Parameter 2. The GSD is 

associated with the intake, so it is applied to all annual doses determined from the intake period.

 
Effective Date: 04/05/2005 Revision No. 00 Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0029 Page 7 of 25

Table 5-1. Combined uranium intake periods and rates.

Start date Stop date Type M Intake Rate 

(dpm/day)

Type S Intake Rate 

(dpm/day)

50th 

Percentile

84th 

Percentile GSD 50th 

Percentile

84th 

Percentile GSD

1/1/1947 4/30/1952 523.93 1753.83 3.74 7054.4 23514.2 3.77

5/1/1952 7/31/1953 169.34 598.93 3.74 1844.4 6544.2 3.77

8/1/1953 11/30/1953 716.56 2562.03 3.74 19827 71103.2 3.77

12/1/1953 10/31/1956 169.34 598.93 3.74 1844.4 6544.2 3.77

11/1/1956 2/28/1959 396.24 1424.23 3.74 7539 27104.2 3.77

3/1/1959 5/31/1961 169.34 598.93 3.74 1844.4 6544.2 3.77

6/1/1961 12/31/1962 418.02 1465.73 3.74 8693.4 30176.2 3.77

1/1/1963 9/30/1968 169.34 598.93 3.74 1844.4 6544.2 3.77

10/1/1968 12/31/1972 330.01 1200.53 3.74 5134.4 18959.2 3.77

1/1/1973 2/28/1978 169.34 598.93 3.74 1844.4 6544.2 3.77

3/1/1978 9/30/1984 80.03 355.93 4.45 1280.3 5802.9 4.53

10/1/1984 12/31/1988 44.20 223.85 5.06 884.85 4340.6 4.91 

 
Effective Date: 04/05/2005 Revision No. 00 Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0029 Page 8 of 25

REFERENCES

ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection), 1959, Report of ICRP Committee II on 

Permissible Dose for Internal Radiation, Publication 2, Pergamon Press, Oxford, England.

ORAU (Oak Ridge Associated Universities), 2003, Technical Basis Document for the Y-12 National 

Security Complex – Site Description, ORAUT-TKBS-0014-02, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. 

ORAU (Oak Ridge Associated Universities), 2004a, Analysis of Coworker Bioassay Data for Internal 

Dose Assignment, ORAUT-OTIB-0019, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

ORAU (Oak Ridge Associated Universities), 2004b, Technical Basis Document for the Y-12 National 

Security Complex – Occupational Internal Dose, ORAUT-TKBS-0014-5, Oak Ridge, 

Tennessee. 
Effective Date: 04/05/2005 Revision No. 00 Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0029 Page 9 of 25

Attachment A

Table A-1: Summary of monthly uranium 24-hour urinary excretion rate analyses, 1952-1988.

Effective 

Sample 

Date

50th

percentile 

(dpm/d)

84th

percentile 

(dpm/d)

Effective 

Sample 

Date

50th

percentile 

(dpm/d)

84th

percentile 

(dpm/d)

Effective 

Sample 

Date

50th

percentile 

(dpm/d)

84th

percentile 

(dpm/d)

1/15/1952 21.16 64.00 3/15/1956 14.02 42.59 5/15/1960 11.19 38.09

2/14/1952 24.92 84.51 4/15/1956 16.45 46.84 6/15/1960 9.88 37.26

3/15/1952 23.86 88.16 5/15/1956 15.73 47.57 7/15/1960 10.51 37.64

4/15/1952 25.49 74.15 6/15/1956 13.79 40.67 8/15/1960 12.76 51.09

5/15/1952 21.15 51.31 7/15/1956 13.82 41.39 9/14/1960 9.45 32.20

6/15/1952 18.06 47.31 8/15/1956 13.39 41.44 10/14/1960 8.93 32.44

7/15/1952 14.13 41.90 9/14/1956 14.11 38.28 11/14/1960 9.85 35.50

8/15/1952 11.25 33.06 10/14/1956 11.10 32.33 12/14/1960 7.60 27.11

9/14/1952 13.70 35.97 11/14/1956 4.72 15.14 1/14/1961 7.53 32.63

11/14/1952 16.68 46.41 1/14/1957 9.42 28.04 3/16/1961 9.36 37.96

12/14/1952 14.29 37.68 2/13/1957 10.20 38.81 4/15/1961 8.94 32.38

1/14/1953 12.61 37.15 3/16/1957 11.04 40.78 5/16/1961 7.46 26.83

2/13/1953 10.51 32.28 4/15/1957 10.79 33.80 6/15/1961 9.17 32.46

3/16/1953 9.18 26.40 5/16/1957 10.48 42.11 7/15/1961 11.04 38.61

4/15/1953 10.34 32.25 6/15/1957 9.44 34.06 8/15/1961 5.80 23.46

5/16/1953 10.43 33.25 7/15/1957 8.46 28.63 9/14/1961 12.96 54.55

6/15/1953 9.81 34.90 8/15/1957 10.56 35.75 10/15/1961 8.55 29.21

7/15/1953 11.13 40.08 9/14/1957 7.51 24.91 11/14/1961 7.46 28.68

9/14/1953 19.53 63.39 11/14/1957 13.03 44.83 1/14/1962 11.93 48.51

10/15/1953 32.43 110.13 12/15/1957 11.29 37.96 2/13/1962 14.10 55.59

11/14/1953 26.65 88.11 1/14/1958 8.36 30.87 3/16/1962 22.09 81.26

12/15/1953 18.47 57.43 2/13/1958 13.64 53.23 4/15/1962 16.35 63.01

1/14/1954 19.45 84.37 3/16/1958 16.24 59.24 5/16/1962 10.69 39.93

2/13/1954 16.06 74.20 4/15/1958 13.30 52.29 6/15/1962 19.41 71.41

3/16/1954 19.50 74.74 5/16/1958 12.71 56.35 7/16/1962 13.57 52.64

4/15/1954 22.04 78.72 6/15/1958 13.70 77.06 8/15/1962 12.66 58.77

5/16/1954 22.85 77.01 7/16/1958 17.44 79.66 9/15/1962 19.24 72.07

7/16/1954 22.06 83.01 9/15/1958 19.19 86.52 11/14/1962 16.91 65.36

8/15/1954 15.39 63.49 10/15/1958 15.21 58.52 12/15/1962 22.87 97.50

9/15/1954 8.47 28.08 11/14/1958 21.01 73.93 1/14/1963 16.80 64.65

10/15/1954 11.58 50.14 12/15/1958 22.76 80.61 2/14/1963 14.35 65.28

11/14/1954 22.02 91.14 1/14/1959 20.74 77.72 3/16/1963 17.58 70.17

12/15/1954 14.85 45.87 2/14/1959 24.90 90.03 4/16/1963 13.52 46.46

1/14/1955 7.36 25.15 3/16/1959 18.71 60.78 5/16/1963 12.56 44.00

2/14/1955 5.62 19.81 4/16/1959 19.72 66.84 6/15/1963 14.88 56.00

3/16/1955 13.71 39.83 5/16/1959 17.44 56.57 7/16/1963 13.40 36.41

5/16/1955 13.27 37.94 7/16/1959 16.69 57.44 9/15/1963 13.48 44.18

6/15/1955 15.71 47.63 8/15/1959 12.79 40.15 10/15/1963 11.65 38.88

7/16/1955 13.10 36.57 9/15/1959 13.66 43.44 11/15/1963 9.50 26.83

8/15/1955 13.85 42.78 10/15/1959 11.53 40.87 12/15/1963 7.73 26.04

9/15/1955 17.10 55.19 11/15/1959 14.86 53.07 1/15/1964 8.00 28.09

10/15/1955 16.87 51.49 12/15/1959 16.04 56.60 2/14/1964 7.96 24.14

11/15/1955 12.99 39.56 1/15/1960 13.87 43.69 3/15/1964 10.27 32.95

12/15/1955 15.34 45.01 2/14/1960 13.36 46.00 4/15/1964 4.60 15.35

1/15/1956 14.50 47.71 3/15/1960 9.31 34.17 5/15/1964 3.58 10.53
Effective Date: 04/05/2005 Revision No. 00 Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0029 Page 10 of 25

Table A-1 (Continued): Summary of monthly uranium 24-hour urinary excretion rate analyses, 1952-

1988. 

Effective 

Sample 

Date

50th

percentile 

(dpm/d)

84th

percentile 

(dpm/d)

Effective 

Sample 

Date

50th

percentile 

(dpm/d)

84th

percentile 

(dpm/d)

Effective 

Sample 

Date

50th

percentile 

(dpm/d)

84th

percentile 

(dpm/d)

5/15/1964 3.58 10.53 7/15/1968 5.20 23.25 9/14/1972 18.14 54.91

7/15/1964 5.66 18.62 9/14/1968 5.48 26.46 11/14/1972 12.00 42.03

8/15/1964 4.65 14.20 10/14/1968 3.86 16.16 12/14/1972 20.42 61.50

9/14/1964 4.62 12.61 11/14/1968 5.90 23.37 1/14/1973 15.63 41.34

10/14/1964 3.43 9.95 12/14/1968 9.71 32.61 2/13/1973 15.79 57.05

11/14/1964 3.26 10.78 1/14/1969 8.43 41.12 3/16/1973 15.71 49.06

12/14/1964 7.72 21.81 2/13/1969 5.02 20.69 4/15/1973 16.20 48.06

1/14/1965 4.70 14.91 3/16/1969 5.65 27.79 5/16/1973 14.46 47.02

2/13/1965 3.99 12.84 4/15/1969 7.61 36.08 6/15/1973 15.04 56.06

3/16/1965 6.81 23.26 5/16/1969 5.22 24.92 7/15/1973 14.38 43.07

5/16/1965 6.70 23.60 7/15/1969 7.37 29.64 9/14/1973 12.97 56.63

6/15/1965 9.45 31.48 8/15/1969 6.62 28.37 10/15/1973 12.31 40.96

7/15/1965 5.64 18.05 9/14/1969 4.70 17.88 11/14/1973 10.62 29.86

8/15/1965 6.41 23.41 10/15/1969 6.60 25.36 12/15/1973 14.20 46.52

9/14/1965 2.74 11.57 11/14/1969 7.06 22.98 1/14/1974 12.16 38.96

10/15/1965 4.91 18.07 12/15/1969 7.71 30.81 2/13/1974 11.16 34.34

11/14/1965 3.44 12.05 1/14/1970 9.84 40.81 3/16/1974 20.33 56.38

12/15/1965 9.85 37.35 2/13/1970 8.33 28.27 4/15/1974 12.99 40.27

1/14/1966 4.44 19.14 3/16/1970 7.85 29.62 5/16/1974 9.14 22.89

3/16/1966 10.17 42.75 5/16/1970 4.93 18.99 7/16/1974 7.54 20.57

4/15/1966 10.75 48.01 6/15/1970 11.17 44.73 8/15/1974 8.44 24.96

5/16/1966 5.04 16.99 7/16/1970 8.88 38.05 9/15/1974 8.77 24.28

6/15/1966 6.32 26.44 8/15/1970 8.76 42.72 10/15/1974 14.19 137.02

7/16/1966 8.70 39.61 9/15/1970 11.59 55.40 11/14/1974 9.16 53.77

8/15/1966 5.01 18.31 10/15/1970 9.81 34.23 12/15/1974 8.11 35.07

9/15/1966 8.86 40.76 11/14/1970 13.10 51.16 1/14/1975 8.93 37.19

10/15/1966 15.88 71.36 12/15/1970 17.14 67.22 2/14/1975 11.49 44.05

11/14/1966 8.68 32.40 1/14/1971 4.41 18.55 3/16/1975 16.92 57.92

1/14/1967 6.79 33.34 3/16/1971 12.76 50.18 5/16/1975 11.74 39.05

2/14/1967 5.80 25.69 4/16/1971 9.52 39.99 6/15/1975 10.66 33.40

3/16/1967 8.35 49.25 5/16/1971 5.87 21.42 7/16/1975 11.04 38.53

4/16/1967 10.81 56.82 6/15/1971 10.37 41.16 8/15/1975 11.07 32.85

5/16/1967 3.25 18.88 7/16/1971 4.67 19.49 9/15/1975 8.90 31.58

6/15/1967 6.51 25.46 8/15/1971 10.74 47.49 10/15/1975 11.92 36.58

7/16/1967 5.49 35.82 9/15/1971 13.95 62.06 11/15/1975 9.18 32.82

8/15/1967 7.30 40.93 10/15/1971 8.25 32.76 12/15/1975 12.88 40.99

9/15/1967 4.42 19.34 11/15/1971 8.24 29.09 1/15/1976 9.97 30.51

11/15/1967 5.01 20.71 1/15/1972 11.54 44.77 3/15/1976 9.19 28.35

12/15/1967 6.06 33.53 2/14/1972 12.20 43.92 4/15/1976 8.65 27.03

1/15/1968 6.50 28.54 3/15/1972 15.64 56.16 5/15/1976 8.30 24.08

2/14/1968 10.15 41.09 4/15/1972 12.09 47.06 6/15/1976 8.24 23.91

3/15/1968 8.10 39.56 5/15/1972 12.64 50.99 7/15/1976 3.82 12.47

4/15/1968 7.07 43.78 6/15/1972 13.68 34.90 8/15/1976 6.51 18.64

5/15/1968 11.07 53.86 7/15/1972 18.95 70.38 9/14/1976 5.39 14.99

6/15/1968 7.05 29.75 8/15/1972 20.33 67.87 10/14/1976 9.50 26.06
Effective Date: 04/05/2005 Revision No. 00 Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0029 Page 11 of 25

Table A-1 (Continued): Summary of monthly uranium 24-hour urinary excretion rate analyses, 1952-

1988. 

Effective 

Sample 

Date

50th

percentile 

(dpm/d)

84th

percentile 

(dpm/d)

Effective 

Sample 

Date

50th

percentile 

(dpm/d)

84th

percentile 

(dpm/d)

Effective 

Sample 

Date

50th

percentile 

(dpm/d)

84th

percentile 

(dpm/d)

11/14/1976 13.24 40.32 1/12/1981 6.78 27.85 4/14/1985 1.67 8.60

1/14/1977 13.97 44.66 3/14/1981 6.20 20.98 6/14/1985 0.76 5.03

2/13/1977 13.41 41.70 4/14/1981 4.81 19.11 7/15/1985 1.91 8.85

3/16/1977 12.91 40.62 5/14/1981 3.66 15.89 8/14/1985 1.97 7.66

4/15/1977 8.86 24.33 6/14/1981 5.97 21.83 9/14/1985 2.76 11.77

5/16/1977 8.39 22.81 7/14/1981 6.47 31.68 10/14/1985 1.82 6.05

6/15/1977 9.62 31.33 8/13/1981 4.89 16.79 11/13/1985 1.53 6.04

7/15/1977 7.46 28.02 9/13/1981 6.13 22.23 12/14/1985 2.71 11.36

8/15/1977 9.29 25.59 10/13/1981 5.14 21.72 1/13/1986 2.79 11.56

9/14/1977 11.22 54.94 11/13/1981 4.35 18.28 2/13/1986 1.10 5.61

11/14/1977 10.75 47.78 1/13/1982 4.53 18.34 4/15/1986 1.35 5.24

12/15/1977 9.31 35.70 2/12/1982 4.13 15.44 5/15/1986 1.12 5.13

1/14/1978 9.28 35.13 3/15/1982 5.01 18.71 6/15/1986 1.63 7.52

2/13/1978 9.82 29.72 4/14/1982 5.72 32.11 7/15/1986 2.42 11.67

3/15/1978 4.34 13.13 5/14/1982 6.89 24.15 8/14/1986 2.54 10.13

4/14/1978 8.07 26.41 6/14/1982 5.47 20.50 9/14/1986 1.79 8.35

5/14/1978 5.53 18.15 7/14/1982 4.66 17.11 10/14/1986 0.95 4.22

6/14/1978 4.73 14.79 8/14/1982 6.48 31.75 11/14/1986 2.60 11.31

7/14/1978 6.58 20.43 9/13/1982 2.92 10.86 12/14/1986 1.17 6.57

9/13/1978 7.02 22.71 11/13/1982 3.24 12.97 2/13/1987 9.62 57.02

10/14/1978 7.51 22.85 12/13/1982 2.94 13.34 3/15/1987 5.04 18.90

11/13/1978 6.81 24.14 1/13/1983 3.67 15.42 4/15/1987 2.50 13.62

12/13/1978 4.93 15.71 2/12/1983 5.93 23.87 5/15/1987 2.43 11.68

1/13/1979 5.48 22.99 3/15/1983 5.51 26.40 6/15/1987 2.20 19.91

2/12/1979 5.73 24.87 4/14/1983 4.51 17.99 7/15/1987 8.16 46.96

3/15/1979 7.50 55.07 5/15/1983 4.83 19.89 8/15/1987 13.59 70.44

4/14/1979 4.12 20.11 6/14/1983 2.99 12.46 9/14/1987 4.01 19.30

5/15/1979 5.45 26.64 7/15/1983 2.74 9.92 10/15/1987 0.44 2.13

7/15/1979 6.15 26.52 10/15/1983 3.36 16.08 12/14/1987 2.13 11.13

8/14/1979 2.81 8.47 11/14/1983 2.69 14.10 1/14/1988 2.19 14.84

9/13/1979 7.52 23.80 12/14/1983 2.08 8.98 2/13/1988 2.37 10.64

10/14/1979 6.69 21.68 1/14/1984 2.72 11.00 3/15/1988 4.62 24.43

11/13/1979 5.68 16.34 2/13/1984 2.59 14.01 4/14/1988 4.03 26.36

12/14/1979 10.15 28.45 3/15/1984 4.20 20.09 5/15/1988 1.52 7.09

1/13/1980 5.43 19.51 4/14/1984 4.14 21.85 6/14/1988 2.05 13.32

2/13/1980 5.39 18.48 5/15/1984 3.51 15.94 7/14/1988 4.03 19.34

3/14/1980 9.96 31.50 6/14/1984 3.42 15.07 8/14/1988 2.96 17.83

5/14/1980 6.08 23.84 8/14/1984 2.96 17.55 10/14/1988 0.75 3.70

6/13/1980 7.52 24.86 9/13/1984 3.97 20.81 11/13/1988 2.18 10.51

7/14/1980 4.43 13.44 10/14/1984 6.23 26.17 12/14/1988 3.69 13.94

8/13/1980 4.33 14.91 11/13/1984 2.68 8.13

9/13/1980 5.59 16.59 12/14/1984 4.62 20.08

10/13/1980 8.80 27.70 1/13/1985 2.93 12.00

11/13/1980 3.70 14.66 2/13/1985 1.93 8.23

12/13/1980 6.65 26.31 3/15/1985 4.45 31.70
Effective Date: 04/05/2005 Revision No. 00 Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0029 Page 12 of 25

Figure A-1. Assumed uranium intake, 1/1/47 to 2/28/78, 50th-percentile results, type M.

O monthly 

bioassay value 

(50th percentile)

O not used in fit

___ fit

O monthly 

bioassay value 

(50th percentile)

O not used in fit

___ fit
Effective Date: 04/05/2005 Revision No. 00 Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0029 Page 13 of 25

Figure A-2. Assumed uranium intake, 1/1/47 to 4/30/52, 50th-percentile results, type M.

Figure A-3. Assumed uranium intake, 8/1/53 to 11/30/53, 50th-percentile results, type M.

Figure A-4. Assumed uranium intake, 11/1/56 to 2/28/59, 50th-percentile results, type M.

O monthly 

bioassay value 

(50th percentile)

O not used in fit

___ fit

O monthly 

bioassay value 

(50th percentile)

O not used in fit

___ fit
Effective Date: 04/05/2005 Revision No. 00 Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0029 Page 14 of 25

Figure A-5. Assumed uranium intake, 6/1/61 to 12/31/62, 50th-percentile results, type M.

Figure A-6. Assumed uranium intake, 10/1/68 to 12/31/72, 50th-percentile results, type M.

O monthly 

bioassay value 

(50th percentile)

O not used in fit

___ fit

O monthly 

bioassay value 

(50th percentile)

O not used in fit

___ fit
Effective Date: 04/05/2005 Revision No. 00 Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0029 Page 15 of 25

Figure A-7. Assumed uranium intake, 3/1/78 to 9/30/84, 50th-percentile results, type M.

Figure A-8. Assumed uranium intake, 10/1/84 to 12/31/88, 50th-percentile results, type M. 

O monthly 

bioassay value 

(50th percentile)

O not used in fit

___ fit

O monthly 

bioassay value 

(50th percentile)

O not used in fit

___ fit
Effective Date: 04/05/2005 Revision No. 00 Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0029 Page 16 of 25

Figure A-9. Predicted (type M, 5 μm) uranium urinary excretion from eight independent intakes, 50th

percentile, 1952-1988.

O monthly 

bioassay value 

(50th percentile)

___ predicted 

excretion
Effective Date: 04/05/2005 Revision No. 00 Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0029 Page 17 of 25

Figure A-10. Predicted (type M, 5 μm) uranium urinary excretion from eight independent intakes, 84th

percentile, 1952-1988.

O monthly 

bioassay value 

(84th percentile)

___ predicted 

excretion
Effective Date: 04/05/2005 Revision No. 00 Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0029 Page 18 of 25

Figure A-11. Assumed uranium intake, 1/1/47 to 2/28/78, 50th-percentile results, type S. 

Figure A-12. Assumed uranium intake, 1/1/47 to 4/30/52, 50th-percentile results, type S.

O monthly 

bioassay value 

(50th percentile)

O not used in fit

___ fit

O monthly 

bioassay value 

(50th percentile)

O not used in fit

___ fit
Effective Date: 04/05/2005 Revision No. 00 Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0029 Page 19 of 25

Figure A-13. Assumed uranium intake, 8/1/53 to 11/30/53, 50th-percentile results, type S.

Figure A-14. Assumed uranium intake, 11/1/56 to 2/28/59, 50th-percentile results, type S.

O monthly 

bioassay value 

(50th percentile)

O not used in fit

___ fit

O monthly 

bioassay value 

(50th percentile)

O not used in fit

___ fit
Effective Date: 04/05/2005 Revision No. 00 Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0029 Page 20 of 25

Figure A-15. Assumed uranium intake, 6/1/61 to 12/31/62, 50th-percentile results, type S.

Figure A-16. Assumed uranium intake, 10/1/68 to 12/31/72, 50th-percentile results, type S.

O monthly 

bioassay value 

(50th percentile)

O not used in fit

___ fit

O monthly 

bioassay value 

(50th percentile)

O not used in fit

___ fit
Effective Date: 04/05/2005 Revision No. 00 Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0029 Page 21 of 25

Figure A-17. Assumed uranium intake, 3/1/78 to 9/30/84, 50th-percentile results, type S.

Figure A-18. Assumed uranium intake, 10/1/84 to 12/31/88, type S.

O monthly 

bioassay value 

(50th percentile)

O not used in fit

___ fit

O monthly 

bioassay value 

(50th percentile)

O not used in fit

___ fit
Effective Date: 04/05/2005 Revision No. 00 Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0029 Page 22 of 25

Figure A-19. Predicted (type S, 5 μm) uranium urinary excretion from eight independent intakes, 50th

percentile, 1952-1988.

O monthly 

bioassay value 

(50th percentile)

___ predicted 

excretion
Effective Date: 04/05/2005 Revision No. 00 Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0029 Page 23 of 25

Figure A-20. Predicted (type S, 5 μm) uranium urinary excretion from eight independent intakes, 84th

percentile, 1952-1988.

O monthly 

bioassay value 

(84th percentile)

___ predicted 

excretion
Effective Date: 04/05/2005 Revision No. 00 Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0029 Page 24 of 25

Figure A-19. Predicted (type S, 5 μm) uranium urinary excretion from eight independent intakes, 50th

percentile, 1952-1988.

O monthly 

bioassay value 

(50th percentile)

___ predicted 

excretion
Effective Date: 04/05/2005 Revision No. 00 Document No. ORAUT-OTIB-0029 Page 25 of 25

Figure A-20. Predicted (type S, 5 μm) uranium urinary excretion from eight independent intakes, 84th

percentile, 1952-1988.

 

O monthly 

bioassay value 

(84th percentile)

___ predicted 

excretion