NOT FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

FERNANDO AGUIRRE-URBINA, 

Petitioner, 

 v. 

WILLIAM P. BARR, Attorney General, 

Respondent.

No. 17-72602 

Agency No. A087-594-874 

MEMORANDUM*

On Petition for Review of an Order of the

Board of Immigration Appeals

Argued and Submitted March 14, 2019

San Francisco, California

Before: M. SMITH, WATFORD, and HURWITZ, Circuit Judges.

Fernando Aguirre-Urbina, a native and citizen of Mexico, petitions for review 

of a decision of the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) dismissing his appeal 

from the denial by an Immigration Judge (“IJ”) of (1) his motion to terminate 

removal proceedings based on mental incompetency; and (2) his applications for 

withholding of removal and relief under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). 

We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252 and deny the petition for review as to 

 

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent 

except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

FILED

MAR 26 2019

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
2 

the motion to terminate, but grant it as to the withholding and CAT claims.

1. The IJ did not deny Aguirre due process by proceeding with the removal 

hearing after finding him incompetent. The IJ adopted appropriate procedural 

safeguards to ensure fairness, assuring that Aguirre had counsel and allowing him to 

testify with the aid of notes. See Mejia v. Sessions, 868 F.3d 1118, 1121 (9th Cir. 

2017); Matter of M-A-M-, 25 I. & N. Dec. 474, 476–83 (BIA 2011). The IJ was not 

required to terminate the removal proceeding because Aguirre was not restored to 

competency; instead, only “procedural fairness is required.” M-A-M-, 25 I. & N. 

Dec. at 479; see also Nee Hao Wong v. INS, 550 F.2d 521, 523 (9th Cir. 1977) (“The 

Immigration and Naturalization Act contemplates that deportation proceedings may 

be had against mental incompetents.”).

2. In concluding that Aguirre failed to establish that it is more likely than not 

that he will be tortured if returned to Mexico, the BIA relied only on Aguirre’s 2014 

testimony. It did not consider a 2016 declaration from Aguirre detailing more recent 

threats. The BIA thus committed an error of law by failing to consider all relevant 

evidence, and we grant the petition for review as to the CAT claim and remand to 

allow it to do so. See Parada v. Sessions, 902 F.3d 901, 914–15 (9th Cir. 2018). 

3. The IJ erred by not considering Aguirre’s mental health in determining 

whether his conviction for possessing with intent to deliver a controlled substance

was a particularly serious crime making him ineligible for withholding of removal. 
3 

Although Aguirre did not exhaust this argument in the agency proceedings, we have 

jurisdiction because it was not available “as of right” when the IJ and BIA issued 

their decisions. See Sun v. Ashcroft, 370 F.3d 932, 942–43 (9th Cir. 2004); 8 U.S.C. 

§ 1252(d)(1). At those times, BIA case law dictated that “an alien’s mental health 

is not a factor to be considered in assessing whether he or she has been convicted of 

a particularly serious crime.” Matter of G-G-S-, 26 I. & N. Dec. 339, 347 (BIA 

2014). But, we subsequently held that mental health is relevant to the determination. 

See Gomez-Sanchez v. Sessions, 892 F.3d 985, 995–96 (9th Cir. 2018). We therefore 

grant the petition to allow the BIA to make the particularly serious crime 

determination. See Anaya-Ortiz v. Holder, 594 F.3d 673, 676 (9th Cir. 2010) (noting 

that this Court has no jurisdiction to make the determination, only to determine 

whether the BIA applied the correct legal standard).

PETITION GRANTED IN PART, DENIED IN PART, AND 

REMANDED. Each party to bear its own costs.