June 25, 2005 06-~n+O5'n2:D()RtVO:

"New Acquired information pertaining to The Bethlehem Steel Site Profile"

Mr. Larry J. Elliott, MSPH ClH

National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health

Robert A. Taft Laboratories

4676 Columbia Parkway

Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998

Re:Rolling Procedures

Dear Mr. Larry J. Elliott:

Some alarming information has come to the attention of the members of the

Bethlehem Steel Action Group Committee, concerning rolling procedures and

Working conditions that we feel should be forwarded to the appropriate individuals:

1) At the Livennore California meeting held 12/14/05 S.C. & A presented

Evidence to N.I.O.S.H., including a schematic drawing labeled Bethlehem

Steel Site Profile showing a "rolling procedure". This infonnation was

accepted by N.I.O.S.H., and never disputed after further review of this

material we find that this MQ! a drawing of the Bar Mill, but that of the

Bethlehem Strip Mill! Why is this important?

2) The Bar Mill has a completely different layout and an entirely different

purpose. A "Strip Mill" rolls slabs of iron, while a "Bar Mill" rolls rods

of iron. Also, we have reason to believe that the Bar Mill at the "Simond

Saw Steel Plant", which was used as a model for the Bethlehem Plant, has

a completely different size and layout. The rolling process at Bethlehem

was inquired, roughly the size of I Y2 football fields long and between

60-70 ft. wide the Bar Mill was huge. Not taken in account was the massive

cooling bed, a large area underneath the rolling mill 10-12 ft. deep 60-70 ft.

wide with over 200+ electric motors and miles of wire, and mechanical parts

where these hot "uranium" rods were cooled. Cleaning in this area was done

with a non-HEP A equipped vacuum cleaners and pressurized air hoses which

"blew" the radioactive dust back through an "un-ventilated"area to be re-breathed

by the unknowing workers, no air samples were ever recorded. These missed

contaminated area samples are "never abl~" to be replaced or duplicated.
3) At the Mallinckrodt Plant meeting in St. Louis, MO., February of 2005, this same

inaccurate infonnation was forwarded to the President's Advisory Board and to

N.I.O.S.H. and placed on the fonnal record. If it wasn't bad enough to a

Bethlehem Site profile was done with information using "Strip Mill" data for a

"Bar Mill" data, which had (2) entirely different functions and the (2) processes

are not related, that we discover all the missed cooling bed data, which is unique

to the Bethlehem Steel Site and was never addressed at all for its high potential

contribution to radiation exposure. Bethlehem Steel at that time had no parallel

in the world (not even close )there are I!Q comparables to this site. Our committee

has also uncovered more documents (experimental) types of procedures did exist

at the Bethlehem Steel that are not accounted for in our TBD.

*HW -2484-9 dated June 27, 1952 shows that Bethlehem Steel was also used as

an "Experimental Facility" where workers were exposed to additional radioactive

materials other than the "nonnal" rolling and procedures which produced

unknown and "un-recorded" effects on the workers. Also, document

*HW-2234-7 shows abnormal blistering of the "uranium rods" which shows the

instability of the materials. Also, there were no contamination surveys ever

recorded in this basement area, 28,000 sq. ft. This area was open to a processing

procedure handling 1100 degree uranium rods. From which debris, scaling, dust

would fall into this area and sometimes burn.

4) These areas and procedures are vital components to perform an accurate dose

reconstruction. Since there is no way this exposure can be modeled at Simmonds

Saw, it represents exposure for which no records exist and for which there is no

demonstrable means to estimate it.

5) We at Bethlehem Steel Action Group want on the "Record" that we find

N.I.O.S.H.'s oversight in these numerous cases of total in-accurate, unforgivable

and flawed information lead us to total injustice to the effected workers.

As a committee and concerned Americans we are looking forward to receiving a

response to these troubling events!

Sincerely,

C"'~~~~::£ ~ l2aJ ~

Bethlehem Steel Action Group

Affidavits enclosed (2)
AFFID A V1T

STATE OF NEW YORK}

)88.

COUNrY OF ERIE )

being duly sworn, deposes and says:

1. I reside at

2. I worked on and around the cooling bed inspector fur many years.

Twenty (20) Yeat'S as a cooling bed inspector in excess of 200 homs and later

as a metallurgical department supervisor.

3. The following is description of the cooling bed, its size and operation:

The bed was 400' long. It was about 40 to 50 feet wide. It was built

above a cellar that was aboutl/1O feet deep. The bed bad two sides. North and South

with a cat walk nmning down the middle. The motors gear boxes, conduit and drive

shafts, that mado the bed work were located in the cellar beneath tho bed. They were

positioned on the top of the concrete columns or piers that varied in height ftom

~h r=t!I~'" approximately M8 8I1d were about 24/36 inches overall width, some larger. There were

many of these columns. 175 to 200 maybe mote. From the cat walk you could see into

the cellar and observe the ~ motors, and shafts that operate the bed.

When a finished bar of steel left the last 6 finishing stand on the mill it

DIA, headed to the rolling bed. They were carried there by 8/10 inch rolls attached to direct

drive electric motors spaced about evcry 36 inches apart. One bar to the north side the

next bar diverteAi to the south side.

~toJD

'!be apron would then raise the moYi11g bar above. The drive rolls. the

bar would slide 10 to 15 feet to a stop and get pushed off by pusher amlS causing the bar

£0/10 'd .~ XV:1 Wij 69:60 flU! 900Z-£Z-Nnf
. ';'

to drop 10 to M) inches on a cbantlel where the cooling bed racks would then carry the

hot bars to the roUer line going to the shears.

This was a good design but problems did occm. Sometimes a drive motor

d~&6...E would die of age, lack of lubrication or .. damage or a roU would get out of balance

and start to wobblo. The bar passing over these dead or wobbling rolls would scrape the

dead rolls and if you looked close you could see the sparks at contact points.

Tho Mill did not deem this a scrious problem and it usually was not

repaired till the next d<?WD turn and it could go a few weeks before being repaired. There

always seemed to be 2 or 3 dead rolls, sometim~ many.

The cooling bed racks would periodically get out of alignment causing

excessive abrasion and scraping the surface of the bars traveling across the bed.

The Mill rolled both alloy and carbon steels. They both have coatings of

scale, some were hard that would chip and flake off and others were light and flaky and

would crumble into a blizzard of dust into the cellar below.

Clean up crews with push brooms, shovels and wheelbarrows periodically

removed this buildup of metal particles and steel dust but they could not reach the buildup on the top of the motors. boxes and piers and conduit because of the height, limited

space and configmation.

This means that particles of metal and scale that were deposited on the

first day the Mill rolled in 1947 were still there on the last day it rolled in the late

seventies (70'5) .

EO/ZO . d '(II xv .:I ~ 69:60 fiR! 900Z-EZ-Nnf
It goes without saying that particles of uranium were deposited in these

areas in a sjmi.ar fashion so they were close enough to be deadly and )U far enough

away so they could not be remov~

I believe that the mechanical and electrical repair crews, clean up crews,

inspectors that worked on the cat walks and others that worked in this radioactive

"rb

environment, what ever the time in months or years, that contributed one of many forms

of cancer should be compensated

That he has read this Affidavit and swcars to the truth of its contents. s.

ST A TB OF NEW YORK )

) 55.:

COUNTY OF BRIB )

On this C:J1-!; of June, 2005, before me personally appeared

to me personally known and known to me to be the person described in and

who executed the within Affidavit and he duly acknowledged to me that he executed

same.

DIANE M. HAlL

Notnry Public, Stale of New y~

Quelified In Erie County /\f7

If COOViMsslon EXI*es July 17, 2O-V {

EO/EO'd '(If Xij.:l UV 69: 60 nHl 900G-EG-Nnf
JuN-22::'200S WED 02:16 PH FAX NO. P. 04

-

AFFm A VIT

STATE OF NEW YORK.)

)88.

COUNTY OF BRIB )

being duly sworn, dcposes and says;

I reside at

2. I worked at the 10" Bar Mill at Bethlehem Steel Mill in Lackawauna.

New York, starting in 1941tbrough 1983.

3. I am familiar with the complete 10" Rolling Mill proccdme and its

location, function and layout including its approximate size.

4 The over allienith of this cooling bed was approximately 400 fect long

and the width was approxjmatcly 60 feet. Dividing the cooling bed was a cat walk 30

inches wide, the full length of the bed approximately 400 feet.

After the rods left. the rollers, they were pushed on to this bed of rollers.

Thcse 1 II, inch rods varied in length approximately 1 SO feet to 200 feet long. These

cooling bed rollers were off the mill floor about 4 feel Below this roller bed was an open

area to a basement under this complete rolling bed &Tea. As the rods were moving on

these rollers, sometimes sliding on these rollers d1e scaling and dust residue would all fall

between the !'Oilers to the pit below. This basement area was about 7 to 8 feet high. This

pit area OOD-~--!!OO 2feet x 3 feet concrete columns that supported the bed above. Also,

each roller was m'iven by an elecmc motor (direct drive). It also OO!lt~in~ miles of

electric conduit. There were at least 200 plus motors to run the rollers above. Thcrc

were also 1aIger motors to I'W1 the kick off produccr. This arca contained hundrcds of

areas that could not be reac~~ to clean. No vacuum could posSloly fit in that pit area.
J~22~2005 WED 02:18 PM FAX~ P. 05

Men had to use shovels and brooms to just remove some of the scale and dust. At times

thc dust back through the rollers where the heat would then carry the dust back up

through the roners into the mill.

When tb~ drive motors would break down or bmn out the different

maintenance trades would have to go in this pit area and replace or repair them. this was

usually done on a ..down shift", There was also a crew that worked in the pit area daily.

Thm'e were many arca& that could not be reached by any meaDS to be c!ea-11~. The rollcrs

above were lubricated with an automatic grease system. They sometimes over greased

these rollers and the grease would fall in the pit area on the motors, conduit columns and

floor. There WeIe many fires in this basement area. Hot debris from above would fall on

on an occasional basis.

I also witnessed the uranium rods being lifted from the salt and lead badl.

read ~t and dripping aU over the salt bath and on to the floor. This also was ~t cleaned

up.

I never saw anyone check the pit arca for any radiation, the times I saw

them monitoring. they were not close to the uraniwn areas where the men were wotkinS.

That he bas read this Affidavit and swears to the tmth of its contents. 5.
~~-2005~ ~:re-PI1 FAX t(). P. ~

ST A TB OF NEW VORK )

) 6S.:

COUNTY OF BRJE )

On dlistfl,Scd.. day of Jtmc, 2005, before me peI'IODal1y appearal- --

~ \ Nollty Pub&

DIANNE E. EMERlING

Notary Public, S1ate Of New Yort Qualified In Erie County 1'1 It

My Commission expires July 15, 20~

to me personally known and kmwn to mc to be the person dcscn"bcd in and

who executed the within Affidavit and he duly acknowledged to me that hc executed

same.
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~k-up at' ~ at d.1.0~_~, ,~ - ., b~'.

May C&U88 appPo:z1a taly .320 .-p 10.. 1:1 ~loa 1.t ~ aY

d...ach&r.. o~r&t10u C&ImOt. be ~~ ~ 1I1.u~

.hutodovn \t... Shutdop T~ - Disah&r.. )0 tu". - lS hoUZ'8. ,f) .. ~'t8.l Pt.s-f8t1oa SeCt-iOD - 19(, IIQ haUl'.

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To ~.u,.te toM "".1b1l1t.1 ot acca-.pl1.b.1nc t.h8 e.l_-~ta~.tolw.t1oe. bJ I<

~th Mat. ~.tla. uraDo1- raj. u a ro11tab.le R'oduct10D _tbod. ~1~ h1mdl'ed e1xt7

aluc. t~ tMee rod.. \1111 ~ oa!!--~ by the ..tab118hed &lpba ~1'008.. aDd 191"ad1ated

tor ..-1- t.10D ot pile behanor.

BASIS AID ~~IP1C.1.rIQI .

.be t.&r&n1- to 'be u8ed in thi. te.t va. obt.8ine~ rJOO8 rode. PJ'oduoUoA roll.4 at

SU1QM8 s..v ..1'14 Ste.l C~p8.nJ'. 8.1'Id betA bea.t ~ated. in & Mlt ~ at the x.~~~

Kill, ..w..~ St..l Ca~. (Se. ~ac2'1ptl.. Det.&1l.). *er~tch1nc az.s Me~

C~\or te.u re"YUled l~ traaate-18.tlon. *t&llo8'r8.pb1o ...j~t.10D aIMl z-r-.7-

wieat.a't1oa 8tud.1.. re..aled that tM ~1D .1.. aDd ~"'J'N4 of'1ntaUOrJ., r..~tti"l7, 008paJ0ed "rJ' ta.Dl'abl7 with tJO1pl...ct1p lanrwd UNoDJ._. Re8alta of al~

dip C&:aninc Nat. 1Dd.1.oa.u4 that thi8 ur&a.1ua aazs8 ..U8taa~q7 with .. good .l~

~&Q bead. A,l1 313 8u11d.1q 1n8peot10D ".ta 88'1'8 paa-48it!lout ex-.p\1OD bo\b

1ft ttI8 bAN .lua am O&n~. tot..

on. ad'-r-4e=8 or a1~ ~ ~ "'~~t W8N d1.eu.884 in -2$ eat~.

fi8af. tree--Qt 1n rod t0J'8 be. tw -JOt" ad~. Oftr be. ""'..ft" 1D alq 1or8.

i. !be of ~"u-= M08~ to he.".~. ,. eoD~.~ le.. ~ "qut.ret to heat V8at l1uca.

1 2. !h8 d~= or th. ~. cauacl bt be\& - t ~.~Ift. a.t"t.r kck1.Dtua

iO8. Mt. ~..# .1.DG8 ~ rccS.. 8.re M~ t.ftat.8d. J8'1or ~ ~"(ft4ft~. ..'

,[n f.h1. ".t ~r~t817 ..~ alu,g8 vtll 'be orit1oa1.l7 .-tMd ~.tON aDd after

1~t1.on to cSetesoalD8 o~~. in alq d~.l0Q8 bI"oaabt a~~ 'bJ' ~ ~~.

tn . le't82' Pl'odu~tioa t.eet a lar. zaaber of slUC. wUl be 1rra4iated. to obt.a.1D

a ~oas-r1.0D ot the Np~ rate at t.hi8 _terlal ~tb the rupture N~ ot ~..~

tr1pl~-d.1p canr..s. ..1i1a rolled .terUl.

SCMII

C8-.tBa ..,., IUM 1952 uzId8"~ 1208

~bar81A8 . 1'G17. A'QCQ8't.. .9'2 ~~ioa . A.ppronu t.l'1' 9 IIOftt.ba - .. aDd! 08 .
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- tollowtma 'tnea or _ter1el ~U be iDcl\v!84 ia th, tee's

-'.4 III

81.8. m.-Z'e4 t.h1rt.7-e1a1ft;. ~lO u.:h law. 1.3~ ~h 41118'.- . ~ 8ch1ll84 f'%'G8 'tile be"ta Iw'" 'tft,'te4 1048 ~1Mi ftll 'bt. 1..4 tip . I

~!!-JlUC8 c.-4 UD4er~ #208. 'rb8ae ceDM4 81UC8 ViU be ~et.: ..1~h 1ft' DU8be1'i '

18 ... 'tM ~ of hbrtcat1on. 2.~ . si;<JO ~.cIo inch 1~, 1.3~ 1DCh 41..'" 8J.q8 fl~ be oamM4 eat

.rM4 W1~ ~.-.N .. -t1M ~ t.'br1cati~ ~.e Uucs ... the first,

81d4le. aD! ~ 81\IP ~~ t,1te -A" ro48, i,pd have been ~ V1~

~. 4881pa't1~ 8't t.18 of' tabf'1c8'tla181 ..

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3. ~.8'

ODe ~ at7-8U. iI.-u.chl 'triple-4.1l) <.o.JMd, alpba-tloUe4 .1.~ to

be uae4 88 ecutrol ptec... ~.e e1.- y1~ 1 be _rke4 1~ tb1'OU ~ 116-6.

4a_~

Five ~ 88Tent"-81sbt triple-dip cdD~ alPbII-rollM etUI...

..1.\.'88 .sou be _JOked. v1 tA .'t~~'IOd, pr04\IC't1= ta't8 0D.l7.

'!Mae

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total.: 1408... . '. . '6. ~'!'_~ 18

-.at,-tvo ~ 8D:*1 ZaM"'. ~U be 108484 1 'o-1~ 0-..

of' c~..: ."-,~"~ rea.. ~ p,.~t.erD.J ~ ~.~1eo.. .8o1~ 29 TJpe

A, 3 ~7P8 B, 8 t.7P8 C, aM 2.. t7P8 .D 81,.. to be 10.da41 M,:D!, Dr.., DA., M.

nA, ~, JlA. DA, DA, DA, BA., CA, CA, CA., CA., CA- CA, CA, c\, 11A,~,~, DA,

DA, OA, DA, DA. DA. DA., tI" ~.

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Bod8 ~ p7o4uo't1i& roll~ at S~~. Sev . Steel. O~.!Q' .woe ..'t

~t.eI. 18 8 ~aJ.'t b8'tb. at. 'the ~~b88 8t.ee~~q' pl.8at 1B I,acka'Wa8a. Ton. ~ rocl8 ~" ~reed tor 6 'to 1.0 ai.mLtea in 8 s~c11J. oa,totJouw

ea1t.'bat.b a't n,-74,Oc 8M. vater q~he4. 8tra1P~ZII of' ~ f't1.8 va. d.tme

at. ~ 8i.U pr101' to ah1.PMut to Haaford.. Tbe beet u..8tMnt ... obM"8d b7

88Bto ~ per8C8lM1a
~. \J ' .Of 6 of oe.37618~

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.1- ~ .1ft7 81.\'88 4.0lO ;L 0.01 -0~0l &1388 ~ a. ~~ ~ 0.001,

-O.~ iadbe8 41~ Mft b88a 8Cb.1Md. tJ'C8 ~ 37 ~ Mat-tJoea~ 1-04£

Uate& ..~. ., 81~ t'rca 'CIOt1a ... aa.4 t.b8 ~ of' .&6 ~ ft. ..1080..

,. ~~t0Z'8t1= .DA17818 J 'b7 8Ct'oetcb.1aa, 8M. w.a ".\U'ed tor l.8D8~

¥---~, aa4~.

a)DE ~ OJ'~ ..IaaJ

.J3~-3 1368-3

33'~ 33~2

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33'11f! ..,

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33"-2 33T2-~

e !3~ 3313-2

et". e73-)

336~-1. 1398-1 . 3366... 3~

3366-2 3398- 3

~368-1 33cl9.1 . . 3368-2 3319-2

. Ii- .i..~t.it7 ur t.iI8.. .l..- w~ ~in'ta~ .. rill be _kM = tM o~

~.c... ~ ot 'tb8 8!.uca were 88ne4.-t'th the rod."", am aubjeet,e4 ~ .. "'18 c~~tOf' -e.~ ~ check tor c~~ ~ ~:aJ'8~1=. ~ i-.lt b. caa84 b7 .. alpha lea4 Up proc..., 8t..-4 Wi '81 pro4uc~lon \8... , 8. 8OJeo'M4 ~ ~l 313 ~pect1~ ~..

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. "~t.~ ~ ~ 81!l 'be ~.OUrp4 .. .ach 01' ~ f'cd1.~ .wra88 -.poe+. z !oo *D/l', 200 -Ir, 300 ~/f, "'00 ~.h. ~ -/f..! 'toM ~.a~A.: ~

'V1U be 41.c!aa~ at. aD a..ra. ezp08~ of 6CX) WlI)",. ~l p'OUP A aM B

elUS8 Will k _.~ all4 lubJ8Ct84 to vt8ual 1.D8~'t1OD .. ~ .a po.. Kt't.of' d,.1eo_~.J.AA7 abno1'81 b11ateriD8 or d18tortlcm 8111 be cou1dered~ ". 

8utf'1c1at 'juet1f1catlon to 41.chars- all ~~ 'tube. a..oc:...ted Y1tb

this teat... l

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trQt!t ttw ~- 1\C,w(,"8r. ybould ohov ~:'!pro~nt u tfo.r ae unlto*c:tl of

rolll~J practice 11 cunc~rDDd. IqUipmaDt 18 beiDb inatall8d at ~~tDc~ of ~

~Q,t b411e't. ~old.; it J. t.81:e; bJ .0.- 1ft tho AIC.1JjO tbAt JJUch ot t18 poo-~

qual1ty 1. due tc bJ 11Dt ~urtac. coa41't.lon8 ar1.1Dl troa 80148 which are too cdld

aM i n ~~£8r part froa P')ur 1- 't.M uru.tum ot 1.L.1pt11 lover t.JlPf.traturel a't.

M'lllSnckl'O4t tMD 111. UGJ1f'...rd.

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W1th roanrd 'to the poor rod quality oboorved 1n laDtord lot. n\Dber 1~3 18 ~8

J'O9Qr..ed that or1~1D&l1., billet Arad r()d,a were '~cna. cft toM sro\IM a.t tM LOokontario doJ'Ot. Thl!' IJra.ct1co.(WthiCh ~. condu.c1... to ~ corros10ft ot tm _tal.

h~s been d18cont1nucdj hovevor. it 18 d!t cert~iD thnt th1s 18 tho reo.on tor the

~~'or q\.11ty ~.r90d ~D th~. p~rt~cul~~ l~t. ~

'r),.. ~~tv-4;Jle4 r'.)111~~ C\n thi8 4c.ttt provid~d tor_t'~nt.h rolling. 1D Q. six "tr\nd.

cnnt.1n~uo mill. of ~l b.".,l" which proJvi."..!8l,y ~ been reduced troll ,., d1n:.tor by

42" l~rv; billotn to ?, ~t 1.'Jl. C'.IW 1. 'f; inch d1m.-wr rounds at t1m Weib8nyLu41urn mill ~t ~~t.rvl!\:t. No" Yor}:. '4~ ccbM\11e' taP ~ .\UIU.-t a" oxper1_nt4l

roUi- -.18 ,"-'11er- J!1 Tt... J. :~ .. r.1'lrr-st,":ry ~tt\ll. Qft expected to b.)

1..\11)4 in fi Np_,rt ro...':--. ~i;O r.,.", Yor~ Oi',";r;..tl'.)nl Q:'r1co. -.-,

.") @

"lrh18 rol11.1"': \:'18 ~:.t.1~d b:,' R. .!. ~;'1: tt:.. F G. ~tr~-. ar¥1 R, B L. fitnntord

the /tZC. R. Bob--.rt 4Dd R. D. ~:~..~r..:~::, "... d~"cnt. Nprocont(~tivo8 of B1rdtlboro

Mach1~ C'.nd '.)~rj' Co~7 r.n4 ,'-0:' t~ r I.tl'.;.j"tlc ';on8tructlon Co~, and. the

vri tar. (.-) . !) -'

(8)

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- - - I ".11 t1w r -4. V'.Jr8 M:..chl~'Il. aDd aro\&D4 1r.~oJG.ar).. to remoft

RC~.. toid.~ aD4 o...~r d:'oc.-.nt.nl,~.t1I,:s ...r. tM bar.. ~ eurt'3co8 .-,t tM bars

vera oxidized in a ~u,'.i.'lo t.'1'D."\C8 t.t )00.' i'or 2~ mnuts. to re4ucu the attack ot

tho 8O1ton b~tb8 upun t~ ~talJ ~~'Jer. tho lurfnc.. ~hu8 produced were not

8utf1c1ently pr~t~ctlY8 t-.' prevent vottlni of 8=~ .pot. by the molt on lead.

~.J.DMr-.cat.r~~~1.:.~'--~J1t;-.OO 11.1c. :Jf oxide to tho

171"0 -rnc--b 1it"aB-""SPPa~,~d At !M'~olttft-~. ~ - - \;zpon , wrinkle. were alc." c,b~cl'Y8d. ndJ~.oGnt to ttX3 bli8't.IJrB. Ob..rved vr.rl!t.t1on in the

tho SUl'r~CoJG t--U !D 'tb: rr~ .036 - . ~ - - -. - --

~ ObAO~~d rol11~ condit' one tor tho .~~le8 ~ttQ1~ tor Banford are s'~~1zed

in '4'.bl~ II. .rucse 8~~~ w.~ ool~cto~ to rcp~'C8Cnt tho ~ztre=e tumpcr~t.~

c~~1t:10U8 ollc~unt.rI!'i in both t.. lend t:'M the IQlt p~1'.Qtod bara, In gex.ral

1 t VC8 ob..rvo4 tlmt the ,~t ~ra4 t~ tho b~. bett'~r t~tbo lo~. ~ le.eer

.urtnc8 8XJ).)o.ed ty t)~ Et\lt ",)rehe:1~d b'\r8 ppuontl"/ r<.Iduoo"'J.ur1'~cl O%1d.lt1oD

(~thu. porm1tt~DS hit~l.r mill G~ed. w1th~ut ~vurbeutiQ8 ~f the vor~ Dotnila o~

. t~ pca. 8cM4ulcD vb! ch pr-VG : ~.':t 8:\t' ItoctOr)' will be ~. r.VG11:;~:~..:~.:~_!!~~

triJ"'"1.yr"'M. GI' t_& P~ V~N .8:.'-"..'~roJ. ~ tit:. Cl\,;ot44 .~ ~to~1tP1D "_1118'

rode t'O orrt.. titOC,"lr", ~ll Itrtn.i. ~~~ roc'.. w~ dr intO. t- rO4I vith, n

a~ b~rj Ctl..IC:qIMJrrtl)". 8C:~ ~r th.J t..utt ~~. WON ~'~~~d nnd hQd' to be

dr1von thro\l:h t~ onti'rlrld ~~1d88. t~-ll ~i.ht~lla VOJre ObNrwd C'-t the 1.3d aDd

~~~~ ~~~,;~~O'~!~~rB Illt" L'-.ole4,_~~

U4nple8 from thd~ r~a ~)1a II) have ~~n rec~!vod Qt BautOl~ tor atu41~a or

~Irtace q~1t~. ~lcro-8ffucturo. ~ or~.ntnt1~n. Tbu qual1ty or tho.. rod. will

be eomp~jb vi tb ~h4t or rods recontly r~11o4 for ~fDrd ~t S1NOndl. ' I.!) r iCl t\'S tF lED Ci)

@
0 Steel Bars and Bi/lets

for a Host of Uses

Carbon ana aHoy awe! .. are among the m.r products of tne ~awanna Pi.ant, artO th& wtput from the bar mtli6 roos in to many ",ousands of toM every Ir.ooth.

Bars are rolled on modem. hjgh-8J'eed COIlttnl.lOUS n'IWa. wt\~ uee billets 8$ their raw mat8nef

1 he billet$. rolled from steel pi()()m 00 biUet mills, have nad all surface Impe~s removed.

and are re-heated in furnace@: prior to ('Oiling on too bar milts. A certairl tonnage .:>f bIllets is 8*~)

,;oid dit'ect!y to customers. The largest single ~s&ft for steel bars roJlad at lackswanna is. in makIng a~1()ml)bve prod

ucts, $Uct": as crankshafte. ax1&a hinges oonnecting rlJd8, spark piug&. and numerous oIheI"6. A

$ubstartti81 tonnage IS uMd tor rotting ooncreta reinfofcing b8's for use in U'\8 natfon s higtYllla:vs

'The so..;:;aJled merchant bar sections such a8 rounds. 8Quere8, hexagons 8f1(j ftats are ~JSed by

m~1lJfBCturers in a host of difieref'\t products. Sorr.e pleformed 8ecUon$ are also rolled

The 1Q-lnCh Par mill (~) is one of the tastest arid m..,":!t ~to."'ate mitts In the COUf'ttry 0 -~ ,_." - -0 -. 0_-

BELOW

Left Surface defects If! bilfets are removed prior to foJrtJ'\er procesSing

Right' Representative autolT!Otive parts made from ~ rolled ''In the \/QOOlIS b3r mi"~ at

Laclcawanna Plant