SEC Petition Evaluation Report

Petition SEC-00185

Report Rev #: 0 Report Submittal Date: June 7, 2011

Subject Expert(s): Roger Halsey

Site Expert(s): N/A

Petitioner Administrative Summary

Petition Under Evaluation

Petition # Petition 

Type

Petition A

Receipt Date DOE/AWE Facility Name

SEC-00185 83.14 April 7, 2011 Ames Laboratory

NIOSH-Proposed Class Definition

All Department of Energy employees, its predecessor agencies, and its contractors and subcontractors who 

worked in any area of the Ames Laboratory at Iowa State University during the period from January 1, 1942 

through December 31, 1970, for a number of work days aggregating at least 250 work days, occurring 

either solely under this employment or in combination with work days within the parameters 

established for one or more classes of employees included in the Special Exposure Cohort.

Related Petition Summary Information

SEC Petition 

Tracking #(s)

Petition 

Type

DOE/AWE 

Facility Name

Petition Status

SEC-00038

SEC-00075 

SEC-00166

83.13

83.13 

83.13 

Ames Laboratory

Ames Laboratory

Ames Laboratory

Class added to the SEC for January 1, 1942 through 

December 31, 1954 

Class added to the SEC for January 1, 1955 through 

December 31, 1970 

Class added to the SEC for January 1, 1955 through 

December 31, 1960 

Related Evaluation Report Information

Report Title DOE/AWE Facility Name

SEC Petition Evaluation Report for Petition SEC-00038

SEC Petition Evaluation Report for Petition SEC-00075 

SEC Petition Evaluation Report for Petition SEC-00166

Ames Laboratory

Ames Laboratory

Ames Laboratory

ORAU Lead Technical Evaluator: Roger Halsey ORAU Peer Review Completed By: Daniel Stempfley

Peer Review Completed By: [Signature on file] 6/8/2011 

LaVon Rutherford Date

SEC Petition Evaluation Reviewed By: [Signature on file] 6/9/2011 

J. W. Neton Date

SEC Evaluation Approved By: [Signature on file] 6/9/2011 

Stuart L. Hinnefeld Date
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Evaluation Report Summary: SEC-00185, Ames Laboratory

This evaluation report by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 

addresses a class of employees proposed for addition to the Special Exposure Cohort (SEC) per the 

Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 

§ 7384 et seq. (EEOICPA) and 42 C.F.R. pt. 83, Procedures for Designating Classes of Employees 

as Members of the Special Exposure Cohort Under the Energy Employees Occupational Illness 

Compensation Program Act of 2000. 

NIOSH-Proposed Class Definition

All Department of Energy employees, its predecessor agencies, and their contractors and 

subcontractors who worked in any area of the Ames Laboratory at Iowa State University during the 

period from January 1, 1942 through December 31, 1970, for a number of work days aggregating at 

least 250 work days, occurring either solely under this employment or in combination with work days 

within the parameters established for one or more other classes of employees included in the Special 

Exposure Cohort. 

Feasibility of Dose Reconstruction Findings

NIOSH lacks sufficient information, which includes bioassay results, ambient air concentrations, or 

sufficient process information, to allow it to estimate with sufficient accuracy the potential internal 

exposures to radionuclides other than uranium to which the proposed class may have been subjected. 

NIOSH finds that it is not applicable to reconstruct occupational medical dose for Ames Laboratory

workers because medical X-ray procedures were performed at an off-site, non-EEOICPA-covered 

facility.

The NIOSH dose reconstruction feasibility findings are based on the following: 

• Principal sources of internal and external radiation for members of the proposed class included 

exposures to uranium and thorium and their decay progeny during the production time periods; 

research quantities of radioactive materials used in the Hot Canyon within the Research Building; 

tritium and argon-41 from the Ames Laboratory Research Reactor during its operation; and 

gamma and neutron radiation from the Ames Laboratory Research Reactor during its operation.

• NIOSH previously determined in its evaluation of petition SEC-00038 that with the exception of 

uranium, the sum of information from the available resources was not sufficient to document or 

estimate the potential maximum internal and external exposure to members of the class. In 2006, 

the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) designated the following class for 

inclusion in the SEC: 

Department of Energy (DOE) employees or DOE contractor or subcontractor employees who 

worked at the Ames Laboratory in one or more of the following facilities/locations: Chemistry 

Annex 1 (also known as “the old women’s gymnasium” and “Little Ankeny”), Chemistry 

Annex 2, Chemistry Building (also known as “Gilman Hall”), Research Building, or the 

Metallurgical Building (also known as “Harley Wilhelm Hall”) from January 1, 1942 through 

December 31, 1954 for a number of work days aggregating at least 250 work days, or in 
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combination with work days within the parameters (excluding aggregate work day 

requirements) established for one or more classes of employees in the SEC, and who were 

monitored or should have been monitored (DHHS, 2006).

• NIOSH previously determined in its evaluation of petition SEC-00075 that it did not identify or 

collect internal or air data that were related to members of the proposed SEC class or their 

immediate work environments. In 2007, DHHS designated the following class for inclusion in the 

SEC:

Sheet metal workers, physical plant maintenance and associated support staff (including all 

maintenance shop personnel), and supervisory staff who were monitored or should have been 

monitored for potential internal radiation exposures associated with the maintenance and 

renovation activities of the thorium production areas in Wilhelm Hall (a.k.a. the Metallurgy 

Building or “Old” Metallurgy Building) at the Ames Laboratory from January 1, 1955, 

through December 31, 1970, for a number of work days aggregating at least 250 work days or 

in combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more other 

classes of employees in the Special Exposure Cohort (DHHS, 2007).

• NIOSH previously determined in its evaluation of petition SEC-00166 that it did not locate 

sufficient data, including bioassay results, ambient air concentrations, or process information to 

estimate with sufficient accuracy internal exposures to radionuclides other than uranium for 

workers in one of the Ames Laboratory buildings (the Research Building (Spedding Hall)), which 

includes an area known as the Hot Canyon. In addition, the Cave within the Hot Canyon did not 

provide a degree of containment that precluded the release of radioactive materials into the air. 

The air within the Cave was shared by the workers outside of it. Ames Laboratory employment 

data do not associate individuals with specific buildings or rooms; therefore, NIOSH must extend 

the assessment of its inability to bound internal dose in the Research Building to all employees, 

contractors, and subcontractors at the Ames Laboratory facility. In 2010, DHHS designated the 

following class for inclusion in the SEC: 

All employees of the Department of Energy, its predecessor agencies, and its contractors and 

subcontractors who worked in any area of the Department of Energy facility at the Ames 

Laboratory from January 1, 1955 through December 31, 1960, for a number of work days 

aggregating at least 250 work days, occurring either solely under this employment, or in 

combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more other classes 

of employees in the Special Exposure Cohort (DHHS, 2010).

• Through the course of ongoing dose reconstruction and research, NIOSH has determined that, due 

to undocumented worker movements across the site, limited claimant-specific information 

pertaining to work locations, and a determination by the Department of Labor (DOL) that 

employment records do not indicate work locations, it is unable to eliminate any specific worker 

from potential exposure scenarios based on assigned work location. NIOSH has found that a 

determination cannot always be made as to the specific area an employee worked in, or whether an 

employee should have been monitored for radiological exposures. Accordingly, NIOSH has 

determined that it is necessary to remove the area-specific and monitoring criteria from the class 

description and to expand the SEC class definition to include all areas of Ames Laboratory, and 

DOE employees, its predecessor agencies, and their contractors and subcontractors who worked at 
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Ames Laboratory at Iowa State University during the specified time period, regardless of 

monitoring. 

• NIOSH found that external exposure could be reconstructed for all employees between 1942 and 

1970, with the exception of external exposure to thorium and plutonium during the years from 

1942 through 1952, as determined in the evaluation of SEC-00038. 

• Pursuant to 42 C.F.R. § 83.13(c)(1), NIOSH determined that there is insufficient information to 

either: (1) estimate the maximum radiation dose, for every type of cancer for which radiation 

doses are reconstructed, that could have been incurred under plausible circumstances by any 

member of the class; or (2) estimate the radiation doses of members of the class more precisely 

than a maximum dose estimate.

Although NIOSH found that it is not possible to completely reconstruct radiation doses for the 

proposed class, NIOSH intends to use any internal and external monitoring data that may become 

available for an individual claim (and that can be interpreted using existing NIOSH dose 

reconstruction processes or procedures). Therefore, partial dose reconstructions for individuals 

employed at Ames Laboratory during the period from January 1, 1942 through December 31, 1970, 

but who do not qualify for inclusion in the SEC, may be performed using these data as appropriate. 

Health Endangerment Determination

The NIOSH evaluation did not identify any evidence supplied by the petitioners or from other 

resources that would establish that the class was exposed to radiation during a discrete incident likely 

to have involved exceptionally high-level exposures, such as nuclear criticality incidents or other 

events involving similarly high levels of exposures. However, the evidence reviewed in this 

evaluation indicates that some workers in the class may have accumulated chronic radiation exposures 

through intakes of thorium and thorium progeny, as well as other radionuclides from research 

activities in the Hot Canyon. Therefore, 42 C.F.R. § 83.13(c)(3)(ii) requires NIOSH to specify that 

health may have been endangered for those workers covered by this evaluation who were employed 

for a number of work days aggregating at least 250 work days within the parameters established for 

this class or in combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more other 

classes of employees in the SEC.
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Table of Contents

Evaluation Report Summary: SEC-00185, Ames Laboratory ................................................................ 3

1.0 Purpose and Scope ....................................................................................................................... 9

2.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 9

3.0 NIOSH-Proposed Class Definition and Petition Basis .............................................................. 10

4.0 Radiological Operations Relevant to the Proposed Class ......................................................... 11

4.1 Operations Description ..................................................................................................... 12

4.2 Radiation Exposure Potential from Operations ................................................................ 13

4.3 Time Period Associated with Radiological Operations .................................................... 17

4.4 Site Locations Associated with Radiological Operations ................................................ 18

4.5 Job Descriptions Affected by Radiological Operations ................................................... 20

5.0 Summary of Available Monitoring Data for the Proposed Class .............................................. 21

5.1 Data Capture Efforts and Sources Reviewed ................................................................... 21

5.2 Worker Interviews ............................................................................................................ 21

5.3 Internal Personnel Monitoring Data ................................................................................. 22

5.4 External Personnel Monitoring Data ................................................................................ 23

5.5 Workplace Monitoring Data ............................................................................................. 25

5.6 Radiological Source Term Data ....................................................................................... 25

6.0 Feasibility of Dose Reconstruction for the Proposed Class ...................................................... 26

6.1 Feasibility of Estimating Internal Exposures ................................................................... 26

6.2 Feasibility of Estimating External Exposures .................................................................. 28

6.3 Class Parameters Associated with Infeasibility ................................................................ 28

7.0 Summary of Feasibility Findings for Petition SEC-00185 ........................................................ 29

8.0 Evaluation of Health Endangerment for Petition SEC-00185 ................................................... 29

9.0 NIOSH-Proposed Class for Petition SEC-00185 ...................................................................... 30

10.0 Evaluation of Second Similar Class .......................................................................................... 30

11.0 References ................................................................................................................................. 31

Tables 

Table 4-1: Gamma Emissions of Primary Interest ................................................................................ 15

Table 4-2: Beta Emissions of Primary Interest ...................................................................................... 16
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SEC Petition Evaluation Report for SEC-00185

ATTRIBUTION AND ANNOTATION: This is a single-author document. All conclusions drawn from 

the data presented in this evaluation were made by the ORAU Team Lead Technical Evaluator: Roger 

Halsey, Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU). The rationales for all conclusions in this 

document are explained in the associated text. 

1.0 Purpose and Scope

This report evaluates the feasibility of reconstructing doses for employees who worked at Ames 

Laboratory during a specified time. It provides information and analysis germane to considering a 

petition for adding a class of employees to the Congressionally-created SEC.

This report does not make any determinations concerning the feasibility of dose reconstruction that 

necessarily apply to any individual energy employee who might require a dose reconstruction from 

NIOSH, with the exception of the employee whose dose reconstruction could not be completed, and 

whose claim consequently led to this petition evaluation. The finding in this report is not the final 

determination as to whether or not the proposed class will be added to the SEC. This report will be 

considered by the Advisory Board on Radiation and Worker Health (the Board) and by the Secretary 

of Health and Human Services (HHS). The Secretary of HHS will make final decisions concerning 

whether or not to add one or more classes to the SEC in response to the petition addressed by this 

report.

This evaluation, in which NIOSH provides its findings both on the feasibility of estimating radiation 

doses of members of this class with sufficient accuracy and on health endangerment, was conducted in 

accordance with the requirements of EEOICPA and 42 C.F.R. § 83.14. 

2.0 Introduction 

Both EEOICPA and 42 C.F.R. pt. 83 require NIOSH to evaluate qualified petitions requesting that the 

Department of Health and Human Services add a class of employees to the SEC. The evaluation is 

intended to provide a fair, science-based determination of whether it is feasible to estimate, with 

sufficient accuracy, the radiation doses of the proposed class of employees through NIOSH dose 

reconstructions.1

NIOSH is required to document its evaluation in a report, and to do so, relies upon both its own dose 

reconstruction expertise as well as technical support from its contractor, Oak Ridge Associated 

Universities (ORAU). Once completed, NIOSH provides the report to both the petitioners and the 

Advisory Board on Radiation and Worker Health. The Board will consider the NIOSH evaluation 

report, together with the petition, comments of the petitioner(s) and such other information as the 

Board considers appropriate, to make recommendations to the Secretary of HHS on whether or not to 

add one or more classes of employees to the SEC. Once NIOSH has received and considered the 

advice of the Board, the Director of NIOSH will propose a decision on behalf of HHS. The Secretary 

 

1 NIOSH dose reconstructions under EEOICPA are performed using the methods promulgated under 42 C.F.R. pt. 82 and 

the detailed implementation guidelines available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas.
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of HHS will make the final decision, taking into account the NIOSH evaluation, the advice of the 

Board, and the proposed decision issued by NIOSH. As part of this final decision process, the 

petitioner(s) may seek a review of certain types of final decisions issued by the Secretary of HHS.

2

3.0 NIOSH-Proposed Class Definition and Petition Basis

The NIOSH-proposed class includes all Department of Energy employees, its predecessor agencies, 

and its contractors and subcontractors who worked in any area of the Ames Laboratory at Iowa State 

University during the period from January 1, 1942 through December 31, 1970, for a number of work 

days aggregating at least 250 work days, occurring either solely under this employment or in 

combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more classes of employees 

included in the Special Exposure Cohort. During this period, employees at this facility were involved 

in the separation and production of uranium metal (1942 to 1945); the separation and production of 

thorium metal (1943 to 1953); research on uranium, thorium, and fission products (1942 to 1970); and 

the operation of the Ames Laboratory Research Reactor (1965 to 1970) (ORAUT-TKBS-0055). 

The evaluation responds to Petition SEC-00185 which was submitted by an EEOICPA claimant 

whose dose reconstruction could not be completed by NIOSH due to a lack of sufficient dosimetryrelated information. NIOSH’s determination that it is unable to complete a dose reconstruction for an 

EEOICPA claimant is a qualified basis for submitting an SEC petition pursuant to 42 C.F.R. § 

83.9(b). 

There are currently three classes of Ames Laboratory workers associated with previous NIOSH 

evaluations of SEC petitions (SEC-00038, SEC-00075, and SEC-00166), for which the Secretary of 

DHHS has designated inclusion in the Special Exposure Cohort: 

Class added to the SEC effective on September 7, 2006 (DHHS, 2006): Department of Energy (DOE) 

employees or DOE contractor or subcontractor employees who worked at the Ames Laboratory in one 

or more of the following facilities/locations: Chemistry Annex 1 (also known as “the old women’s 

gymnasium” and “Little Ankeny”), Chemistry Annex 2, Chemistry Building (also known as 

“Gilman Hall”), Research Building, or the Metallurgical Building (also known as “Harley 

Wilhelm Hall”) from January 1, 1942 through December 31, 1954 for a number of work days 

aggregating at least 250 work days, or in combination with work days within the parameters 

(excluding aggregate work day requirements) established for one or more classes of employees in the 

SEC, and who were monitored or should have been monitored. 

Class added to the SEC effective on October 12, 2007 (DHHS, 2007): Sheet metal workers, physical 

plant maintenance and associated support staff (including all maintenance shop personnel), and 

supervisory staff who were monitored or should have been monitored for potential internal 

radiation exposures associated with the maintenance and renovation activities of the thorium 

production areas in Wilhelm Hall (a.k.a. the Metallurgy Building or “Old” Metallurgy Building)

at the Ames Laboratory from January 1, 1955, through December 31, 1970, for a number of work 

days aggregating at least 250 work days or in combination with work days within the parameters 

established for one or more other classes of employees in the Special Exposure Cohort. 

 

2 See 42 C.F.R. pt. 83 for a full description of the procedures summarized here. Additional internal procedures are 

available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas.
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Detailed information associated with the worker classes added to the SEC in 2006 and 2007 can be 

found in the NIOSH evaluation reports, SEC Petition Evaluation Report for Petition SEC-00038, and 

SEC Petition Evaluation Report for Petition SEC-00075, Ames Laboratory (NIOSH, 2006; NIOSH, 

2007). The associated SEC class designated by DHHS was based on the NIOSH determination at that 

time, given the information at hand, that employee work locations would be sufficiently well-known, 

such that an assessment could be made regarding whether or a not an employee received exposures 

from a specific work location or work activity. 

Class added to the SEC effective on November 5, 2010 (DHHS, 2010): 

All employees of the Department of Energy, its predecessor agencies, and its contractors and 

subcontractors who worked in any area of the Department of Energy facility at the Ames Laboratory 

from January 1, 1955 through December 31, 1960, for a number of work days aggregating at least 250 

work days, occurring either solely under this employment, or in combination with work days within 

the parameters established for one or more other classes of employees in the Special Exposure Cohort. 

Detailed information associated with the worker classes added to the SEC in 2010 can be found in the 

NIOSH evaluation report, SEC Petition Evaluation Report for Petition SEC-00166, Ames Laboratory

(NIOSH, 2010). The associated SEC class designated by DHHS was based on Ames Laboratory 

employment data not associating individuals with specific buildings or rooms; thus, it is not possible 

to specify whether employees did or did not work within specific buildings. 

 In the course of its on-going dose reconstruction and continued data capture efforts, NIOSH has 

determined that due to undocumented worker movements across the site, limited claimant-specific 

information pertaining to work locations, and a determination by DOL that employment records do 

not indicate work locations, NIOSH is unable to eliminate any specific worker from potential 

exposure scenarios based on assigned work location. NIOSH has found that a determination cannot 

always be made as to the location where an employee worked, or whether an employee should have 

been monitored for radiological exposures. Accordingly, NIOSH has determined that it is necessary 

to remove the area-specific and monitoring criteria from the class descriptions and expand the SEC 

class definition to include all areas of Ames Laboratory, and all employees of DOE, its predecessor 

agencies, and their contractors and subcontractors who worked at Ames Laboratory during the 

specified time periods, regardless of monitoring or job location. 

4.0 Radiological Operations Relevant to the Proposed Class 

The following subsections summarize the radiological operations at Ames Laboratory from January 1, 

1942 through December 31, 1970 and the information available to NIOSH to characterize particular 

processes and radioactive source materials. Using available sources, NIOSH has attempted to gather 

process and source descriptions, information regarding the identity and quantities of radionuclides of 

concern, and information describing processes through which the radiation exposures of concern may 

have occurred and the physical environment in which they may have occurred. The information 

included within this evaluation report is meant only to be a summary of the available information. 

Unless otherwise indicated, information for Section 4.0 and its subsections was obtained from SEC 

Petition Evaluation Report for Petition SEC-00166, Ames Laboratory (NIOSH, 2010). 
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4.1 Operations Description

This section summarizes the operations performed at Ames Laboratory that are relevant to the 

proposed SEC time period. Detailed information associated with the operations at Ames Laboratory 

can be found in the NIOSH evaluation reports, SEC Petition Evaluation Report for Petition SEC00038; SEC Petition Evaluation Report for Petition SEC-00075, Ames Laboratory; and SEC Petition 

Evaluation Report for Petition SEC-00166 (NIOSH, 2006; NIOSH, 2007; NIOSH, 2010). 

The Ames Laboratory site is located in Ames, Iowa and consists of a number of buildings at Iowa 

State University. Ames Laboratory has consisted of several buildings, some obtained from the 

University and some built after operations began. Over the lifetime of the facility, some of the 

buildings have been demolished. These buildings were the Physical Chemistry Annex I, the Physical 

Chemistry Annex II, the Chemistry Building (later called Gilman Hall), the Metallurgy Building (later 

called Wilhelm Hall), the Research Building (later called Spedding Hall), and the Ames Laboratory 

Research Reactor. The exact size of the facility is not as clearly defined as other Atomic Energy 

Commission (AEC) and DOE sites, as the Laboratory shared infrastructure with the University. For 

the period evaluated by NIOSH, the Ames Laboratory workforce began with a few dozen researchers 

in 1942 and grew to approximately 770 individuals in 1970 (Monitoring Results, 1970).

The precursor of the Ames Laboratory was the Ames Project, which was established in 1942 by a 

contract between the Metallurgical Laboratory at the University of Chicago and Iowa State College 

(the predecessor to Iowa State University). Ames Laboratory was established by the AEC in May

1947. 

The Ames Project/Laboratory played a key role in the production of strategic nuclear materials for the 

Manhattan Project and the AEC. Early in 1942, at the beginning of the Manhattan Project, the most 

pressing problem was the preparation of large amounts of pure uranium metal and casting of that 

metal into the shapes necessary for the development of nuclear reactor fuel. Iowa State College 

Chemistry Department faculty with expertise in rare earth metallurgy were called on to develop a 

method to purify uranium and reduce the cost of production. 

The initial Ames process for uranium metal production was based on the chemical reduction of 

uranium tetrafluoride by calcium metal. Finely-ground uranium tetrafluoride was mixed with 

granulated calcium metal and the mixture was poured into a refractory-lined container. A fuse wire 

buried in the charge was electrically heated to initiate the reaction, which continued until both 

uranium metal and calcium fluoride were in the molten state. The more dense uranium collected at 

the bottom of the container where it was allowed to cool to room temperature, after which it was 

removed for casting. The uranium metal was cast by placing it in a graphite crucible, heating it in a 

vacuum, and allowing the liquid metal to flow into graphite molds of specific shapes. The uranium 

production process was improved (although made more complex) by replacing the calcium reagent 

with magnesium metal. 

By November 1942, successful methods were developed and the Ames Project supplied 

approximately one-third of the uranium used in the Chicago pile. Between mid-1942 and August 

1945, more than 1,000 tons of pure uranium metal was supplied to the Manhattan Project. The Ames 

Project was asked to turn over its process to industry in 1945. 
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Following bombardment experimentation in 1942, thorium was considered to be a potential 

alternative source of nuclear reactor fuel. Thorium production had been initiated at the “Little 

Ankeny” facility as early as 1943. Production and research activities continued at Little Ankeny until 

1949, when they were moved to the newly-completed “Metallurgy Building,” which was built by 

DOE for Ames Laboratory research. The Metallurgy Building was later renamed Harley Wilhelm 

Hall. Purified thorium was produced at Wilhelm Hall using a five-stage process:

1. Solution and precipitation 

2. Calcination and hydrofluorination 

3. Metal reduction

4. Thorium metal casting

5. Machining 

Prior to a turnover of thorium production to industry in April 1953, more than 65 tons of pure thorium 

metal and thorium compounds were produced by the Ames Laboratory. 

Construction of a 5-MW, heavy-water-moderated research reactor began in 1961; the reactor was first 

operated in February 1965 (Ames, 1967; Voigt, 1981). The reactor and its support facilities were 

about 1.5 miles northwest of the Iowa State University campus on a 200-acre site used by the Institute 

for Atomic Research (Ames, 1967). The reactor fuel was 93% enriched uranium-235 contained in 24 

fuel assemblies in a hexagonal arrangement in a core 30 inches across and 25 inches high (Voigt, 

1981). The reactor shielding was an irregular decahedral prism shape with a thermal column on one 

face and nine faces with beam tubes from which radiation beams (primarily neutrons) could be 

extracted and directed to experimental areas surrounding the reactor (Ames, 1967; Voigt, 1981). 

Operation of the reactor ended in December 1977 and decontamination and decommissioning of the 

facilities was completed in 1981 (Voigt, 1981).

4.2 Radiation Exposure Potential from Operations

The following subsections provide an overview of the internal and external exposure potential for the 

Ames Laboratory class under evaluation.

4.2.1 Internal Exposure Potential 

The primary source of internal radiation exposure at the site was inhalation and/or ingestion of 

uranium metal, uranium tetrafluoride, uranium decay products, thorium metal, thorium tetrafluoride, 

and thorium decay products generated during the production of uranium metal and thorium metal and 

the operation of the Ames Laboratory Research Reactor. There was a potential for internal exposures 

to plutonium and fission products in the Hot Laboratory in the Chemistry Building (Gilman Hall) 

where analytical work centered on plutonium chemistry and the radiochemistry of the separation of 

fission products from uranium and plutonium, conducted between 1942 and 1951. Plutonium research 

was also performed in a glovebox line in the Metallurgy Building (Wilhelm Hall). There was also a 

potential for internal exposures to various unnamed radionuclides in the Hot Canyon Cave within the 

Research Building (Spedding Hall).
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Uranium

The radiological hazard presented by uranium metal or compounds results primarily from alpha 

particles emitted by uranium-238 (4.15 MeV and 4.20 MeV) and its isotopes uranium-235 (4.37 MeV, 

4.40 MeV, and 4.58 MeV) and uranium-234 (4.27 MeV and 4.77 MeV). Naturally-occurring uranium 

is 0.71% (by weight) uranium-235 and 0.0055 uranium-234. NIOSH assumes that uranium 

tetrafluoride received at Ames was derived solely from naturally-occurring ores. This assumption is 

based on the knowledge that the uranium produced at Ames was fabricated into fuel for use in the 

Chicago pile, which only used uranium of natural enrichment. On an activity basis (i.e., dpm/gram) 

the uranium-235 will be present in negligible amounts at these enrichment levels, but the uranium-234 

activity will be at a level that is essentially equal to uranium-238 due to its much shorter half-life (2.46 

x 105 years for uranium-234, and 4.47 x 109 years for uranium-238). 

Other alpha-emitting radionuclides occur naturally as part of the uranium-238 decay process. 

However, these would have been removed when the uranium feed materials were processed to 

generate the uranium tetrafluoride provided to Ames for the metal reduction process. Sufficient time 

would not have elapsed for the in-growth of these progeny to reach appreciable activities that would 

pose an additional hazard to Ames personnel. 

Uranium daughters, including radon, are not considered because of the short time since the process 

material was separated from the ore.

Thorium

Thorium-232 decays into radium-228, emitting two primary alpha particles of 3.95 MeV (24%) and 

4.01 MeV (76%). The decay series contains several other progeny, most of which decay by alpha 

particle emission, but each has a half-life of less than 12 hours. 

Thoron

One isotope of particular interest in the thorium-232 decay chain is radon-220, or thoron. It is a noble 

gas that is constantly being released to the atmosphere from radium-228. Thoron and its daughter 

products become a source of internal exposure. Due to the short half-lives of the thorium-232 

daughters, the production of thoron activity is always between 42% and 100% of the thorium-232 

activity.

Tritium 

The Ames Laboratory Research Reactor produced tritiated heavy water during its operation. The 

Ames Laboratory Research Reactor was a 5-megawatt D2O (heavy water) moderated research reactor. 

Initially, the moderator-coolant contained a small amount of tritium, which increased with the 

operation of the reactor. Certain activities in the reactor area and in the waste disposal area had the 

potential to expose personnel to the tritiated heavy water. Plus, there was a possibility of exposure 

due to other sources of tritium that were occasionally present. These sources included spent targets, 

tritium gas in cylinders, and other tritiated compounds used at the laboratory (Voss, 1971).
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Other Radionuclides 

NIOSH has identified potential internal exposures to workers from radioactive materials that included 

plutonium, mixed fission products, and other various unnamed radionuclides. Exposure to one or 

more of these sources could have occurred in the Hot Laboratory and other locations within the 

Chemistry Building (Gilman Hall), the glovebox line and other locations within the Metallurgy 

Building (Wilhelm Hall), and the Hot Canyon Cave within the Research Building (Spedding Hall). 

NIOSH has not identified specific radionuclide/isotopic information for these materials, or 

information specific to the engineering or administrative controls that may have been implemented for 

the work performed with these materials in these areas. 

4.2.2 External Exposure Potential 

The potential for external radiation doses from uranium, uranium decay products, thorium, and 

thorium decay products existed at the Ames Laboratory site. In addition, workers at the Ames 

Laboratory Research Reactor had the potential for external gamma and neutron exposure. 

Photon

Uranium metal and uranium tetrafluoride were handled by Ames Laboratory employees. External 

exposures to photon radiation would have resulted from the immediate daughter radionuclides in the 

uranium decay chain. The uranium progeny that result in the most significant photon exposures 

include thorium-234 and protactinium-234m. Note that these isotopes have relatively short half-lives 

and can be assumed to be in equilibrium with the parent uranium-238. Because of their short halflives, the exposure potential from these isotopes would travel with the parent and will not be 

considered separately.

The significance of emissions from thorium depends on the state of equilibrium with the thorium-232 

parent (which is a factor of the time elapsed since the thorium process feed material was separated). 

As time passed, thorium approached secular equilibrium. As a result, photon exposure rates would 

also have increased with the in-growth of radium-228. Photon exposure rates as high as 22 mR/hr 

were reported for a thorium storage area, suggesting that this raw material for the thorium production 

process was not newly-separated.

Table 4-1 provides the energies of the gamma emission from the primary isotopes of concern at the 

Ames Laboratory for those areas related to thorium and uranium production. 

Table 4-1: Gamma Emissions of Primary Interest

(Table 4-1 spans two pages.)

Radionuclide Gamma Energy (MeV)

Uranium-238 None

Thorium-234 0.063 (3.5%)

0.093 (4%)

Protactinium-234m 0.766 (0.2%)

1.00 (0.6%)

Uranium-235

0.144 (11%)

0.163 (5%)

0.186 (54%)

0.205 (5%)
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Table 4-1: Gamma Emissions of Primary Interest

(Table 4-1 spans two pages.)

Radionuclide Gamma Energy (MeV)

Thorium-231 0.026 (15%)

0.084 (6.5%)

Uranium-234 0.053 (0.1%)

Thorium-232 0.059 (0.19%)

0.126 (0.04%)

Radium-228 0.0067 (6 x 10-5%)

Actinium-228

0.338 (11.4%)

0.911 (27.7%)

0.969 (16.6%)

1.588 (3.5%)

Thorium-228

0.084 (1.19%)

0.132 (0.11%)

0.166 (0.08%)

0.216 (0.27%)

Bismuth-212

0.040 (1%)

0.727 (11.8%)

1.620 (2.75%)

Lead-208 2.614 (100%)

Source: This table is Table 5-1 from NIOSH, 2010.

Beta

Exposure to beta sources for Ames Laboratory employees would have resulted principally from 

uranium and thorium decay products. In the uranium-series decay scheme, beginning with uranium238, the short-lived isotope protactinium-234m emits the most energetic beta particle (2.28 MeV). It 

is this beta particle that accounts for the shallow-dose hazard associated with handling uranium and 

uranium tetrafluoride. Table 4-2 provides the energies of the beta emission from the primary isotopes 

of concern at the Ames Laboratory for those areas related to thorium and uranium production. 

Table 4-2: Beta Emissions of Primary Interest

(Table 4-2 spans two pages.)

Radionuclide Beta Energy 

(MeV, max.)

Uranium-238 None

Thorium-234 0.10 (19%)

0.193 (79%)

Protactinium-234m 2.28 (99%)

Uranium-235 None

Thorium-231

0.205 (15%)

0.287 (49%)

0.304 (35%)

Uranium-234 None

Thorium-232 None

Radium-228 0.0389 (100%)
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Table 4-2: Beta Emissions of Primary Interest

(Table 4-2 spans two pages.)

Radionuclide Beta Energy 

(MeV, max.)

Actinium-228

0.983 (7%)

1.014 (6.6%)

1.115 (3.4%)

1.17 (32%)

1.74 (12%)

2.08 (8%)

(+33 more βs)

Thorium-228 None

Bismuth-212 1.59 (8%)

2.246 (48.4%)

Lead-208 None

Source: This table is Table 5-2 from NIOSH, 2010.

 

The Ames Laboratory Research Reactor produced argon-41, a noble gas with a half life of 1.8 hours. 

This isotope decays by emitting a 2.49 MeV beta particle. Although the reactor released the gas at an 

annual rate of 15,000 curies, due to its short half-life, the maximum amount in the air at any one time 

was calculated to be 4.5 curies (Hull, 1973). As it is chemically inert, dose incurred from argon-41 

may be considered an external exposure.

Neutron 

There was a small potential for personnel neutron exposures from the uranium operations at Ames 

Laboratory. Site personnel received and handled uranium tetrafluoride. Low-atomic-number 

elements such as fluorine emit neutrons with an average energy of about 1.5 MeV when struck by 

alpha particles (referred to as alpha-neutron [“α-n”] reactions). The intensity of the radiation field 

from these reactions increases as a function of the enrichment. Because only uranium with a natural 

isotopic ratio (“natural enrichment”) was used at Ames Laboratory, the radiation field was 

significantly lower than for the beta or gamma components; therefore, neutron radiation is not 

considered a significant exposure concern. 

There was a potential for neutron exposure from the Ames Laboratory Research Reactor. No 

documentation has been found to describe the levels that would have been encountered; however, film 

badge results include individuals identified as reactor personnel (Monitoring Results, 1959-1960). 

The dosimeter was a Kodak NTA film (Berg, 1969).

4.3 Time Period Associated with Radiological Operations

Per the DOE Office of Health, Safety and Security, the time period associated with DOE operations at 

Ames Laboratory is from 1942 through present. As presented in Section 3.0 of this report, in 2006, 

2007, and 2010 DHHS designated that a class of Ames Laboratory workers be included in the SEC. 

 

• January 1, 1942 through December 31, 1954 (2006 designation) 
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• January 1, 1955 through December 31, 1970 (2007 designation) 

• January 1, 1955 through December 31, 1960 (2010 designation) 

The start date of January 1, 1942, was selected for the 2006 designated class because that was the start 

date of Manhattan Engineer District operations at the site. The end date of December 31, 1970, was 

selected for the 2007 designated class because that was the end of the renovation work relating to the 

exposures associated with the proposed worker class. The period of radiological operations associated 

with this evaluation encompasses all three of the time periods associated with the three previously 

designated classes for SEC-00038, SEC-00075, and SEC-00166. Accordingly, the time period for this 

evaluation report on Ames Laboratory exposures is from January 1, 1942 through December 31, 1970. 

4.4 Site Locations Associated with Radiological Operations

Chemistry Building (Gilman Hall)

The initial Ames Project work was conducted in the Chemistry Building in early 1942. The process 

for purifying uranium metal and the methods and equipment for increasing production were developed 

in the Chemistry Building. Experiments to purify uranium metal continued through September 1942. 

Pure uranium metal was being produced at a rate of 100 pounds per week by October. The chemical 

reduction component of the operations was moved to the Physical Chemistry Annex 1 by December. 

Uranium casting remained in the Chemistry Building until "early 1943" when it was also moved to 

Annex 1. Uranium research continued in the Chemistry Building, including determination of uranium 

properties, studies of uranium corrosion, development of protective coatings for uranium, and 

development of uranium alloys and compounds. Other research occurring in the Chemistry Building 

involved development of pure thorium metal, thorium alloys and compounds, yttrium metal, cerium 

metal, and beryllium metal. Analytical work centered on plutonium chemistry and the radiochemistry 

of the separation of fission products from uranium and plutonium, which was conducted in the “Hot 

Laboratory” between 1942 and 1951. 

Metallurgy Building (Wilhelm Hall)

The Metallurgy Building, constructed by the AEC, was completed in October 1949. The building 

housed research directed toward the development of special metals and alloys used in nuclear energy 

projects. Zircaloy was initially developed at Ames Laboratory as part of a basic study of the 

zirconium-tin alloy phase diagram. The subject of reactor coolants was studied, as were the heattransfer properties of various metals and alloys. Equipment available for research, development, and 

production in metallurgy included many types of furnaces; high-vacuum systems; pyrometric devices; 

fabricating and testing machines; metallographs; X-ray diffractometers; and ultrasonic, 

spectrographic, dilatometric, and other instruments for examination and study of metals and alloys. A 

glovebox line in the Metallurgy Building was used to study the behavior of plutonium in molten metal 

systems. 

Thorium production and research activities were moved from Physical Chemistry Annex 1 to the 

Metallurgy Building in 1949 and thorium work continued until 1953. Poor contamination control 

practices and poor ventilation contributed to contamination of the building. However, contamination 

levels have been reduced by mitigation, decontamination, remodeling, and renovation projects. 

Contamination still exists in many interspatial areas of the building and in some relatively inaccessible 

areas.
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Research Building (Spedding Hall)

The Research Building was constructed by the AEC and occupied in early 1951. Many metals, 

including the rare earths, were investigated for mechanical, chemical, electrical, and other properties, 

and were studied by experimental techniques that probed the inner structures and forces of the 

materials. Research facilities in the building included a 150-kV accelerator that produced 14-MeV 

neutrons; a glovebox line for radiochemistry experiments; and a “Hot Canyon.” 

The Hot Canyon, a two-story-high room, included an open-topped, shielded area called the "Cave" 

that allowed workers to use remote manipulators behind an eight-inch-thick steel wall with lead glass 

windows. Electrical, vacuum, water, gas, and compressed air lines built into the wall allowed workers 

to remotely perform experiments on highly-radioactive materials. NIOSH has not located documents 

that would define which radionuclides were present in the Hot Canyon, what quantities were present, 

or the methods that were used to manipulate the materials. The Site Profile for Ames Laboratory, 

ORAUT-TKBS-0055, proposes a method to estimate the amounts of fission products that would have 

been present based on the design criteria of the Hot Canyon and the manipulation of 180-day cooled 

reactor fuel. Note that the calculations in ORAUT-TKBS-0055 are based on the release of materials 

through building filtration. There was no roof over the Cave nor was there any barrier to separate the 

air where the workers stood from the air where experiments were performed. In addition, photographs 

of workers in the Hot Canyon show them working without respiratory protection. 

Research activities included electron beam welding, the study of the electronic structure of metals, as 

well as the separation, preparation, and measurement of properties of the rare earth metals. The initial 

research on liquid metal coolants was done at Ames Laboratory in an engineering test loop used in 

corrosion, fluid-flow, and heat transfer studies with liquid sodium. 

Physical Chemistry Annex 1

The production of uranium metal was conducted in the Physical Chemistry Annex 1 building, which 

was an old wooden structure east of the Dairy Industries building and west of Wallace Road. 

Uranium operations began there in mid-1942 and ended on August 5, 1945, when the uranium 

purification process was transferred to industry. More than 1,000 tons of pure uranium and more than 

300 tons of uranium scrap were produced during this period. In 1943, an open-porch area was 

enclosed (to control dusty operations) and additions were constructed to accommodate increases in 

uranium production. Beginning in 1943, the building was also used to produce thorium metal until 

the processing equipment was transferred to the new Metallurgy Building in 1949 or 1950. The 

Physical Chemistry Annex 1 building was torn down in 1953. 

Physical Chemistry Annex 2

The Physical Chemistry Annex 2 Building was a brick fireproof structure built east of Wallace Road 

in early 1944 to house the recovery of uranium from scrap uranium metal turnings collected from 

other Manhattan Project sites. Operations in this building produced more than 300 tons of recovered 

uranium metal through December 1945. Operations ended in 1953. Iowa State College, the 

predecessor to Iowa State University, purchased the building in 1953 and converted it to a plumbing 

shop. 

Ames Laboratory Research Reactor
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Construction of a 5-MW, heavy-water-moderated research reactor began in 1961; the reactor was first 

operated in February 1965 (Ames, 1967; Voigt, 1981). The reactor and its support facilities were 

about 1.5 miles northwest of the Iowa State University campus on a 200-acre site used by the Institute 

for Atomic Research (Ames, 1967). The reactor fuel was 93% enriched uranium-235 contained in 24 

fuel assemblies in a hexagonal arrangement in a core 30 inches across and 25 inches high (Voigt, 

1981). The reactor shielding was an irregular decahedral prism shape with a thermal column on one 

face and nine faces with beam tubes from which radiation beams (primarily neutrons) could be 

extracted and directed to experimental areas surrounding the reactor (Ames, 1967; Voigt, 1981). 

Operation of the reactor resulted in airborne tritium concentrations in occupied spaces of the building 

(Voigt, 1981). A routine tritium bioassay program was part of the radiation safety program at the 

reactor (Voss, 1971). Operation of the reactor ended in December 1977 (Voigt, 1981). At the time 

operations ended, the heavy-water coolant contained approximately 1.7 Curies of tritium per liter 

(Voigt, 1981).

A component of the basis for the SEC class designated in 2006, was that employee work locations 

would be sufficiently well known, such that an assessment could be made regarding whether or not an 

employee received exposures while working “... at the Ames Laboratory in one or more of the 

following facilities/locations: Chemistry Annex 1 (also known as “the old women’s gymnasium” and 

“Little Ankeny”), Chemistry Annex 2, Chemistry Building (also known as “Gilman Hall”), Research 

Building, or the Metallurgical Building (also known as “Harley Wilhelm Hall”)...” A component of 

the basis for the SEC class designated in 2007, was that employee work locations and whether or not 

an employee was monitored would be sufficiently well known, such that the assessment could be 

made regarding whether or not an employee received exposures while working as “Sheet metal 

workers, physical plant maintenance and associated support staff (including all maintenance shop 

personnel), and supervisory staff who were monitored or should have been monitored for potential 

internal radiation exposures associated with the maintenance and renovation activities of the thorium 

production areas in Wilhelm Hall (a.k.a. the Metallurgy Building or “Old” Metallurgy Building)...” 

NIOSH has since found that, due to undocumented worker movements across the site and because 

Ames Laboratory employment data do not associate individuals with specific buildings or rooms, it is 

not possible to specify whether employees did or did not work in a specific building or should have 

been monitored. NIOSH is therefore unable to define individual worker exposure scenarios based on 

specific work locations within the Ames Laboratory site during the period under evaluation. 

4.5 Job Descriptions Affected by Radiological Operations

NIOSH has determined that the site-specific and claimant-specific data available for Ames Laboratory

for the time period under evaluation are insufficient to allow NIOSH to determine that any specific 

work group was not potentially exposed to radioactive material releases or possible subsequent 

contamination. This is because NIOSH has found no specific information associated with tracking the 

movement of personnel on site and therefore has decided that it cannot use job titles or duties to

corroborate work in specific areas or associated radiological exposures. Based on this information, 

NIOSH has determined that the previously proposed SEC class definitions cannot be based or limited 

on job titles or duties. 
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5.0 Summary of Available Monitoring Data for the Proposed Class

The primary data used for determining internal exposures are derived from personal monitoring data, 

such as urinalyses, fecal samples, and whole-body counting results. If these are unavailable, the air 

monitoring data from breathing zone and general area monitoring are used to estimate the potential 

internal exposure. If personal monitoring and breathing zone area monitoring are unavailable, internal 

exposures can sometimes be estimated using more general area monitoring, process information, and 

information characterizing and quantifying the source term.

This same hierarchy is used for determining the external exposures to the cancer site. Personal 

monitoring data from film badges or thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) are the primary data used 

to determine such external exposures. If there are no personal monitoring data, exposure rate surveys, 

process knowledge, and source term modeling can sometimes be used to reconstruct the potential 

exposure. 

A more detailed discussion of the information required for dose reconstruction can be found in 

OCAS-IG-001, External Dose Reconstruction Implementation Guideline, and OCAS-IG-002, Internal 

Dose Reconstruction Implementation Guideline. These documents are available at: 

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas/ocasdose.html. 

5.1 Data Capture Efforts and Sources Reviewed 

As a standard practice, NIOSH completed an extensive database and Internet search for information 

regarding Ames Laboratory. The database search included the DOE Legacy Management Considered 

Sites database, the DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI) database, the Energy 

Citations database, the Atomic Energy Technical Report database, and the Hanford Declassified 

Document Retrieval System. In addition to general Internet searches, the NIOSH Internet search 

included OSTI OpenNet Advanced searches, OSTI Information Bridge Fielded searches, Nuclear 

Regulatory Commission (NRC) Agency-wide Documents Access and Management (ADAMS) web 

searches, the DOE Office of Human Radiation Experiments website, and the DOE-National Nuclear 

Security Administration-Nevada Site Office-search. Attachment One contains a summary of Ames 

Laboratory documents. The summary specifically identifies data capture details and general 

descriptions of the documents retrieved. 

Detailed information regarding NIOSH’s data capture efforts for the Ames Laboratory site can be 

found in the related NIOSH evaluation reports for SEC-00038, SEC-00075, and SEC-00166 (NIOSH, 

2006; NIOSH, 2007; NIOSH, 2010). 

5.2 Worker Interviews

To obtain additional information in support of its 2006, 2007, and 2010 evaluations of Petitions SEC00038, SEC-00075, and SEC-00166, NIOSH interviewed multiple former Ames Laboratory

employees. Details regarding these interviews may be found in the SEC-00038, SEC-00075, and 

SEC-00166 Ames Laboratory evaluation reports (NIOSH, 2006; NIOSH, 2007; NIOSH, 2010). 

Additional interviews for the specific purpose of supporting this evaluation were not deemed 

necessary, and were therefore not conducted.
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5.3 Internal Personnel Monitoring Data

Ames Laboratory initially monitored employees for radiation exposure using medical testing to look 

for abnormalities in blood chemistry (Payne, 1992). This practice was discontinued in 1946 (Payne, 

1992). No direct mention of radiological monitoring was identified in individual medical monitoring 

records. However, a specific code (the letter "r”) appears to have been used to identify uranium blood 

test results for Ames Laboratory employees. This was a medical test that looked for abnormal 

albumin results as an indicator of exposure to uranium. The 1946 Myers correspondence reports that 

highly exposed employees were sampled monthly by urinalysis and other employees were sampled 

quarterly through 1945 (NIOSH, 2006). Only thirty-four uranium bioassay records have been found 

for Ames Laboratory employees for that time period. The thirty-four bioassay samples were collected 

by the Army Corps of Engineers in July, August, and September of 1944 and were analyzed for 

uranium ("X ion''). The analytical results ranged from 0 mg/l to 0.3 mg/l, but no information was 

provided on the method used to analyze these samples. The Army Corps of Engineers stated that at 

that time, no tolerance value had been established for the X ion, but that the report results were about 

the same as those obtained from other groups handling the same special materials (Tybout, 1944). In 

addition to these results, a uranium excretion study was performed at Ames Laboratory between 1943 

and 1945 (Ferretti, 1951). This study was part of a Manhattan Engineer District (MED) study of 86 

individuals exposed to different uranium compounds at Ames, Chicago, and Oak Ridge. Forty-eight 

men from Ames Laboratory were sampled. Exposure was determined to be mostly due to uranium

tetrafluoride salt (green salt). The individuals in the test were put into one of four groups according to 

their presumed exposure to uranium, with Group One (1) having the highest exposure potential and 

Group Four (4) having the lowest. Results of the study for the four groups are described in the 

evaluation report for SEC-00038. 

Current and historical internal dosimetry results are maintained at the Ames Laboratory. Some, but 

not all, of these documents have been obtained by NIOSH through data capture efforts and through 

information supplied by claimants. 

A review of all documents and data available to NIOSH identified some bioassay data for the period 

from January 1, 1942 through December 31, 2005. Only limited in vitro bioassay data have been 

found for the years 1942 through 1945. 

NIOSH has identified 90 bioassay (urine) samples collected in March 1952 and analyzed for thorium 

by the AEC (Samples Results, 1952-1953). NIOSH has also identified approximately 70 bioassay 

(urine) samples collected and analyzed for thorium by the AEC in 1953 (Samples Results, 1952-

1953). NIOSH has not identified any routine thorium bioassay samples or results after 1953. 

Urinalysis results for two individuals and nasal swipes for four individuals involved in a thorium spill 

incident have been located (Thorium Results, 1957). NIOSH has not identified any indication of a 

routine internal monitoring program for members of the class under evaluation or that is applicable for 

dose reconstruction for members of the class. 

During and after the operation of the Ames Laboratory Research Reactor, the laboratory instituted a 

bioassay program for tritium (Tritium Results, 1968-1975; Ames, 1973) for “[a]ll persons who have 

been exposed to tritium (HTO) during their routine operations of the year” (Tritium Results, 1968-

1975). Tritium results have been obtained for the years 1968 through 1978 (Tritium Results, 1968-
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1975; Tritium Results, 1971; Tritium Results, 1971-1974; Tritium Results, 1975-1978; Tritium

Results, 1977).

In its evaluation of SEC-00038, NIOSH found that limited individual monitoring records were 

available for uranium exposures, and no individual monitoring records were available for thorium or 

plutonium exposures at Ames Laboratory from January 1942 through February 1952. Limited 

individual and area results for thorium and thoron sampling were available after that period but the 

data were not sufficient for internal dose reconstruction. As a result of those limitations and changes 

in processes and exposures prior to the 1952 monitoring, and with routine monitoring beginning in the 

1954-1955 timeframe, NIOSH determined it could not establish a maximum internal exposure 

scenario that addresses all of the internal exposure potential for the petitioning class for the period 

from January 1, 1942 through December 31, 1954, and therefore could not estimate their internal 

doses with sufficient accuracy. 

In its evaluation of SEC-00075, NIOSH found that internal radiation doses received by members of 

the SEC-00075 proposed class that included personnel who worked with the maintenance and 

renovation activities of the thorium production areas in Wilhelm Hall (i.e., the Metallurgy Building or 

“Old” Metallurgy Building) at the Ames Laboratory, for the time period from January 1, 1955 through 

December 31, 1970, could not be reconstructed with sufficient accuracy due to the lack of applicable 

bioassay data, air monitoring data, and source term information. While secular equilibrium could 

have been reasonably assumed, NIOSH did not have sufficient information to quantify the amount of 

thorium and progeny that were present in the contaminated areas of Wilhelm Hall that were later 

renovated by members of the proposed class. In addition, NIOSH could not reasonably assume 

particle sizes or airborne concentrations that were encountered in the contaminated areas of Wilhelm 

Hall.

In its evaluation of SEC-00166, NIOSH found that there were insufficient data, including bioassay 

results, ambient air concentrations, or process information, to estimate internal exposures to 

radionuclides other than uranium for workers in the Research Building (Spedding Hall) including the 

Hot Canyon within the Research Building from January 1, 1955 through December 31, 1960. In 

addition, the Cave within the Hot Canyon did not provide a degree of containment that precluded the 

release of radioactive materials into the air. The air within the Cave was shared by the workers 

outside of it. Lacking bioassay data for these workers, air samples for the room, or detailed 

information on the materials being handled, NIOSH concluded that internal dose reconstruction for 

exposure to the research radionuclides used in the Hot Canyon was not feasible. 

Additional information regarding the quantity and condition of the Ames Laboratory internal 

personnel monitoring data available to NIOSH, and the NIOSH evaluation of such data, can be found 

in the NIOSH evaluation reports for SEC-00038, SEC-00075, and SEC-00166 (NIOSH, 2006; 

NIOSH, 2007; NIOSH, 2010). 

5.4 External Personnel Monitoring Data

Current and historical external dosimetry results are maintained at the Ames Laboratory. Some, but 

not all of these documents have been obtained by NIOSH through data capture efforts and through 

information supplied by claimants.
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Ames Laboratory staff received regular film badge service beginning in 1953. NIOSH has located 

film badge results for over five hundred individual workers during the time period under evaluation 

(NIOSH, 2010). These records are biweekly results associated with named individuals and include 

gamma, beta, and, in some cases, neutron exposure results. 

NIOSH has examined available external records and has determined that not all of the workers in the 

class under evaluation were monitored for external radiation exposure during the 1955 through 1970 

time-frame. External dosimetry use at Ames Laboratory appears to have targeted professional-level 

staff employees who had a known potential for occupational exposure. 

In its evaluation of SEC-00038, NIOSH concluded that there may not have been a routine external 

radiation monitoring program at Ames Laboratory prior to March 1952. Records from 1953 indicate 

that about 166 workers were monitored with a total of about 3,200 results, most of which were 

reported as total dose. NIOSH found over 7,800 results for about 190 workers in 1954. Those results 

were reported in a mixed format with some having beta and gamma results and some being reported in 

total dose only. These data were collected at the beginning of a formal monitoring program at Ames 

and provide general film badge and direct reading (pocket chamber) results. Although some qualitycheck records were available, this documentation and data did not provide sufficient supporting 

information relating to the early operations that were performed during the time frame evaluated in 

SEC-00038. 

Although NIOSH obtained neutron monitoring results for workers in the Ames Laboratory Research 

Building for part of 1953 and 1954, there was no documentation indicating that those workers were 

involved with thorium research or other AEC- sponsored activities. NIOSH discovered no evidence 

of individual neutron monitoring, or the acknowledgement of potential neutron exposures, prior to 

1953. 

In its evaluation of SEC-00075, NIOSH concluded that while process-related external dosimetry data 

were not available for members of the SEC-00075 proposed class for the time period from January 1, 

1955 through December 31, 1970, monitoring data did exist for other Ames Laboratory employees 

that were not covered under the proposed class. Radiation sources and activities to which monitored 

workers were predominantly exposed included the uranium and thorium production processes. 

Smaller numbers of workers were exposed to sources that included electron accelerators, electron 

beam welding, beta-ray spectrometers, X-ray and neutron diffraction spectrometers, plutonium 

chemistry, and a research reactor. NIOSH believes that external monitoring data obtained from 

workers associated with the aforementioned activities could be used to bound external exposures to 

members of the SEC-00075 proposed class. 

A co-worker data study has been performed to permit dose reconstruction for individuals for whom 

external monitoring data were unavailable or incomplete. The co-worker data study for Ames 

Laboratory includes all available dosimetry records from 1952 through 1981. 

In its evaluation of SEC-00166, NIOSH concluded that reconstruction of external radiation dose was 

feasible for the SEC-00166 Ames Laboratory worker class, which included personnel who worked at 

the Ames Laboratory campus for the period from January 1, 1955 through December 31, 1960. Such 

reconstruction can be accomplished using co-worker data distributions and the bounding assumptions 

and applicable protocols specified in various complex-wide Technical Information Bulletins. 
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Details regarding the various analyses used and the associated minimum detectable activities are 

presented in SEC-00038, SEC-00075, and SEC-00166 (NIOSH, 2006; NIOSH, 2007; NIOSH, 2010). 

5.5 Workplace Monitoring Data

NIOSH has not located any documentation indicating that Ames Laboratory conducted a routine air 

sampling program for uranium, plutonium, or thorium during the operation of Ames Laboratory. 

However, NIOSH has found some air sampling data. Twenty-two general area air dust (uranium) 

samples were collected as part of a special study performed in May, June, and July of 1943 by the 

Army Corp of Engineers (Dust Samples, May-Jun 1943; Dust Samples, Jul 1943). The purpose of the 

sampling was not identified in the associated documentation. In addition, approximately 700 general 

air sample results for thorium were collected in an AEC study performed in March 1952 (Klevin, 

1952); approximately 270 breathing zone air samples were also collected during this study. Air 

sampling data from Wilhelm Hall, collected by Iowa State University in February 1953, were also 

identified (Hokel, 1998).

NIOSH has not located any air sampling data for tritium. Notes in bioassay logbooks indicate certain 

bioassay samples were commented as “RR H3 above MPC special samples” (Tritium Results, 1968-

1975), indicating that those samples were collected after air concentrations associated with the 

research reactor exceeded maximum permissible concentrations. It is assumed that the trigger for 

theses samples was routine air monitoring, although such monitoring records have not been located. 

In its evaluation of SEC-00038, NIOSH found no evidence of any area monitoring that would 

specifically support internal or external exposure assessments at Ames Laboratory prior to March 

1952. NIOSH did find that some thorium and thoron area air sampling was performed for a limited 

time frame after that period. However, the available information was not deemed sufficient to support 

the ability to bound dose or resolve the dose reconstruction issues for the proposed class defined in the 

SEC-00038 evaluation. 

In its evaluation of SEC-00075, NIOSH identified some area monitoring data that would support 

reconstructing internal and external doses for Ames Laboratory personnel, as defined in ORAUTTKBS-0055. These doses could be assigned to Ames Laboratory personnel for the applicable periods 

as defined for each Ames Laboratory location. However, the available information was not deemed 

sufficient to support the ability to bound dose or resolve the dose reconstruction issues for the 

proposed class defined in the SEC-00075 evaluation. 

In its evaluation of SEC-00166, NIOSH described approaches to estimate exposures by estimating 

concentrations based on theoretical dispersions of various radionuclides based on maximum allowable 

activities, filtration efficiencies of the filter media used, and ratios of typical radionuclides. However, 

the available information was not deemed sufficient to support the ability to bound dose or resolve the 

dose reconstruction issues for the proposed class defined in the SEC-00166 evaluation. 

5.6 Radiological Source Term Data

During the operational period for uranium refining between 1942 and 1945, workers may have been 

exposed to uranium and uranium decay progeny. During the operational period for thorium refining 
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between1943 and 1953, workers may have been exposed to thorium and thorium decay progeny. 

Workers after those time periods may have been exposed to residues containing the same isotopes but 

in diminished quantities. As discussed in Section 4.0 of this report, there were also personnel 

exposure potentials associated with plutonium, mixed fission products, and other various unnamed 

radionuclides that were handled at the site during research and development work. During the 

operation of the Ames Laboratory Research Reactor between 1961 and 1977, workers may have been 

exposed to neutron and gamma radiation from the reactor. 

Additional information regarding the Ames Laboratory source term data available to NIOSH can be 

found in the related Ames Laboratory evaluation reports for SEC-00038, SEC-00075, and SEC-00166 

(NIOSH, 2006; NIOSH, 2007; NIOSH, 2010). 

6.0 Feasibility of Dose Reconstruction for the Proposed Class

42 C.F.R. § 83.14(b) states that HHS will consider a NIOSH determination that there was insufficient 

information to complete a dose reconstruction, as indicated in this present case, to be sufficient,

without further consideration, to conclude that it is not feasible to estimate the levels of radiation 

doses of individual members of the class with sufficient accuracy. 

In the case of a petition submitted to NIOSH under 42 C.F.R. § 83.9(b), NIOSH has already 

determined that a dose reconstruction cannot be completed for an employee at the DOE or AWE 

facility. This determination by NIOSH provides the basis for the petition by the affected claimant. 

Per § 83.14(a), the NIOSH-proposed class defines those employees who, based on completed 

research, are similarly affected and for whom, as a class, dose reconstruction is similarly not feasible.

In accordance with § 83.14(a), NIOSH may establish a second class of co-workers at the facility for 

whom NIOSH believes that dose reconstruction is similarly infeasible, but for whom additional 

research and analysis is required. If so identified, NIOSH would address this second class in a 

separate SEC evaluation rather than delay consideration of the claim currently under evaluation (see 

Section 10). This would allow NIOSH, the Board, and HHS to complete, without delay, their 

consideration of the class that includes a claimant for whom NIOSH has already determined a dose 

reconstruction cannot be completed, and whose only possible remedy under EEOICPA is the addition 

of a class of employees to the SEC. 

This section of the report summarizes research findings by which NIOSH determined that it lacked 

sufficient information to complete the relevant dose reconstruction and on which basis it has defined 

the class of employees for which dose reconstruction is not feasible. NIOSH’s determination relies on 

the same statutory and regulatory criteria that govern consideration of all SEC petitions. 

6.1 Feasibility of Estimating Internal Exposures

NIOSH has evaluated the available personnel and workplace monitoring data and source term 

information and has determined that there are insufficient data for estimating internal exposures, as 

described below.
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The class defined in SEC-00038 included all laboratory workers between the years 1942 and 1954. 

The report stated that internal exposure due to thorium, plutonium, and thoron could not be 

reconstructed. 

Potential exposures due to residual thorium contamination in the Metallurgy Building after 1954 were

not monitored either through a bioassay program, air sampling, or though calculation and estimation 

of the amount that remained in air ducts and other relatively inaccessible areas. The bioassay records 

that have been reviewed were either related to production activities or to the Ames Laboratory 

Research Reactor. 

The Metallurgy Building was assessed for residual thorium contamination in 1953 and again in 1998 

(Ames, 1999). No surveys for the intervening years have been located. 

The class defined in SEC-00075, which was added to the SEC, was based on thorium contamination 

in ductwork within the Metallurgy Building and was defined to include those workers “...who were 

monitored or should have been monitored for potential internal radiation exposures associated with 

the maintenance and renovation activities of thorium production areas in Wilhelm Hall (a.k.a. the 

Metallurgy Building or “Old” Metallurgy Building) at the Ames Laboratory from January 1, 1955 

through December 31, 1970...” 

Potential exposures to research materials handled in the Hot Canyon within the Research Building 

were not monitored through a bioassay program. NIOSH has not located records that would specify 

the types of radionuclides that were handled within the Hot Canyon or the amounts that were present. 

In addition, no records of ambient air sampling or of the methods used to manipulate these materials 

have been located. The class defined in SEC-00166, which was added to the SEC, was based in part 

on the inability to estimate doses from this location.

A method for estimating uranium exposures due to residual contamination for the years between 1954 

and 1974 in the Chemistry Building was included in the Evaluation Report for SEC-00166. This 

could be applied for workers who could be shown to have only worked within that building. 

Although worker interviews indicated that few personnel worked in more than one location, there 

were no physical boundaries between the various buildings. Workers commuted freely between 

buildings. In addition, employment data do not associate individuals with specific buildings (Leiton, 

2010). Therefore, NIOSH must extend its inability to bound exposures in any one building to all 

employees of the Ames Laboratory.

NIOSH does not have access to sufficient personnel monitoring, workplace monitoring, or source 

term data to estimate potential internal exposures to thorium and thorium progeny, as well as other 

research radionuclides used within the Hot Canyon during the period of DOE operations. 

Consequently, NIOSH finds that it is not feasible to estimate, with sufficient accuracy, internal 

exposures to thorium and thorium progeny, as well as other research radionuclides and resulting doses 

for the class of employees covered by this evaluation.

Although NIOSH found that it is not possible to completely reconstruct internal radiation doses for the 

period from January 1, 1942 through December 31, 1970, NIOSH intends to use any internal 

monitoring data that may become available for an individual claim (and that can be interpreted using 
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existing NIOSH dose reconstruction processes or procedures). Dose reconstructions for individuals 

employed at Ames Laboratory during the period from January 1, 1942 through December 31, 1970, 

but who do not qualify for inclusion in the SEC, may be performed using these data as appropriate. 

6.2 Feasibility of Estimating External Exposures

This evaluation responds to a petition based on NIOSH determining that internal radiation exposures 

to thorium and thorium progeny, as well as other radionuclides, could not be reconstructed for a dose 

reconstruction referred to NIOSH by DOL. As noted above, DHHS will consider this determination 

to be sufficient without further consideration to determine that it is not feasible to estimate the levels 

of radiation doses of individual members of the class with sufficient accuracy. Consequently, it is not 

necessary for NIOSH to fully evaluate the feasibility of reconstructing external radiation exposures for 

the class of workers covered by this report. 

In its evaluation of SEC-00038, NIOSH determined that external exposure from operations involving 

uranium could be reconstructed for the time between 1942 and 1954. NIOSH found that, with the 

exception of 1953 and 1954, reconstruction of external exposure due to thorium and plutonium 

operations was not feasible. NIOSH also found that reconstruction of neutron exposure was not 

feasible. No documentation has been reviewed that would alter these conclusions. 

In its evaluations of SEC-00075 and of SEC-00166, NIOSH found that for those classes of workers, 

all external exposure could be reconstructed. These two classes include all Ames Laboratory workers 

for the years between 1955 and 1970. 

In accordance with ORAUT-TKBS-0055, the X-ray equipment for examinations of Ames Laboratory 

staff members was located at the Iowa State Student Health Center/College Hospital. In accordance 

with the ORAU Technical Information Bulletin, Guidance on Assigning Occupational X-Ray Dose 

Under EEOICPA for X-Rays Administered Off Site, ORAUT-OTIB-0079, occupational medical 

exposures are only included for medical examinations obtained at Ames Laboratory. There were no 

X-ray examinations performed onsite, therefore no occupational medical exposures were incurred. 

6.3 Class Parameters Associated with Infeasibility

DHHS has designated three SEC classes for Ames Laboratory workers for the period beginning 

January 1, 1942 through December 31, 1970 (DHHS, 2006; DHHS, 2007; DHHS, 2010). The time 

period covered by this current report was selected to reconcile the three previous petitions, SEC00038, SEC-00075, and SEC-00166, and encompasses all time periods previously designated by 

DHHS in 2006, 2007, and 2010. NIOSH therefore recommends that the class include the period from 

January 1, 1942 through December 31, 1970. 

The class for SEC-00075 was defined too narrowly in that it assumed that personnel could be 

associated with specific buildings, which has since been determined by DOL to not be the case 

(Leiton, 2010). Based on the information available to NIOSH, it cannot associate Ames Laboratory

personnel with specific buildings. There were no barriers between the buildings and certain 

personnel, such as maintenance personnel, may have worked in more than one building. NIOSH 

therefore recommends that the class include personnel having worked in any area of the Ames 

Laboratory.
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The proposed class is not limited by job description. Potential exposures from thorium in the 

Metallurgy Building and from the Hot Canyon in the Research Building could have been incurred by 

any worker that was present. NIOSH therefore recommends that the class include all Ames 

Laboratory workers. 

7.0 Summary of Feasibility Findings for Petition SEC-00185

This report evaluates the feasibility for completing dose reconstructions for employees at Ames 

Laboratory from January 1, 1942 through December 31, 1970. NIOSH determined that members of 

this class may have received radiation exposures from uranium, thorium and their progeny, tritium, 

argon-41, as well as from gamma and neutron exposures from the Ames Laboratory Research Reactor. 

NIOSH lacks sufficient information, which includes internal exposures to thorium contamination in 

the Metallurgy Building and undetermined exposures from materials that may have been used in the 

Hot Canyon in the Research Building, that would allow it to estimate the potential cumulative internal

exposures to which the proposed class may have been exposed. 

NIOSH has documented herein that it cannot complete the dose reconstructions related to this petition. 

The basis of this finding demonstrates that NIOSH does not have access to sufficient information to 

estimate either the maximum radiation dose incurred by any member of the class or to estimate such 

radiation doses more precisely than a maximum dose estimate.

Consistent with its findings associated with SEC-00038, SEC-00075, and SEC-00166 (NIOSH, 2006; 

NIOSH, 2007; NIOSH, 2010), NIOSH finds that it is not feasible to estimate, with sufficient 

accuracy, the internal radiation doses for the years between 1942 and 1970, and certain external 

radiation doses between the years 1942 and 1954, received by members of the proposed class of 

employees. 

Although NIOSH found that it is not possible to completely reconstruct radiation doses for the 

proposed class, NIOSH intends to use any internal and external monitoring data that may become 

available for an individual claim (and that can be interpreted using existing NIOSH dose 

reconstruction processes or procedures). Therefore, dose reconstructions for individuals employed at 

Ames Laboratory during the period from January 1, 1942 through December 31, 1970, but who do not 

qualify for inclusion in the SEC, may be performed using these data as appropriate. 

8.0 Evaluation of Health Endangerment for Petition SEC-00185

The health endangerment determination for the class of employees covered by this evaluation report is 

governed by EEOICPA and 42 C.F.R. § 83.14(b) and § 83.13(c)(3). Pursuant to these requirements, if 

it is not feasible to estimate with sufficient accuracy radiation doses for members of the class, NIOSH 

must determine that there is a reasonable likelihood that such radiation doses may have endangered 

the health of members of the class. The regulations require NIOSH to assume that any duration of 

unprotected exposure may have endangered the health of members of a class when it has been 

established that the class may have been exposed to radiation during a discrete incident likely to have 

involved levels of exposure similarly high to those occurring during nuclear criticality incidents. If 

the occurrence of such an exceptionally high-level exposure has not been established, then NIOSH is 

required to specify that health was endangered for those workers who were employed for a number of 
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work days aggregating at least 250 work days within the parameters established for the class or in 

combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more other classes of 

employees in the SEC. 

NIOSH has determined that members of the class were not exposed to radiation during a discrete 

incident likely to have involved levels of exposure similarly high to those occurring during nuclear 

criticality incidents. However, the evidence reviewed in this evaluation indicates that some workers in 

the class may have accumulated chronic radiation exposures through intakes of residual thorium 

contamination in the Metallurgy building and from radionuclides handled in the Hot Canyon in the 

Research building. Additionally, information is lacking to associate workers with specific buildings. 

Consequently, NIOSH is specifying that health was endangered for those workers covered by this 

evaluation who were employed for a number of work days aggregating at least 250 work days within 

the parameters established for this class or in combination with work days within the parameters 

established for one or more other classes of employees in the SEC. 

9.0 NIOSH-Proposed Class for Petition SEC-00185

The evaluation defines a single class of employees for which NIOSH cannot estimate radiation doses 

with sufficient accuracy. This class includes all Department of Energy employees, its predecessor 

agencies, and its contractors and subcontractors who worked in any area of the Ames Laboratory at 

Iowa State University during the period from January 1, 1942 through December 31, 1970. 

10.0 Evaluation of Second Similar Class

In accordance with § 83.14(a), NIOSH may establish a second class of co-workers at the facility, 

similar to the class defined in Section 9.0, for whom NIOSH believes that dose reconstruction may not 

be feasible, and for whom additional research and analyses are required. If a second class is 

identified, it would require additional research and analyses. Such a class would be addressed in a 

separate SEC evaluation rather than delay consideration of the current claim. At this time, NIOSH has 

not identified a second similar class of employees at the Ames Laboratory for whom dose 

reconstruction may not be feasible. NIOSH will continue to review dose reconstructions and 

associated approaches for Ames Laboratory for the post-1970 period at the site. Research activities 

that occurred after this date are expected, but not proven, to involve relatively small amounts of 

radioactive materials. If necessary, an 83.14 evaluation will be performed to include additional years 

in the SEC.
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11.0 References 

42 C.F.R. pt. 81, Guidelines for Determining the Probability of Causation Under the Energy 

Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000; Final Rule, Federal 

Register/Vol. 67, No. 85/Thursday, p 22,296; May 2, 2002; SRDB Ref ID: 19391 

42 C.F.R. pt. 82, Methods for Radiation Dose Reconstruction Under the Energy Employees 

Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000; Final Rule; May 2, 2002; SRDB Ref ID: 

19392 

42 C.F.R. pt. 83, Procedures for Designating Classes of Employees as Members of the Special 

Exposure Cohort Under the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 

2000; Final Rule; May 28, 2004; SRDB Ref ID: 22001 

42 U.S.C. §§ 7384-7385 [EEOICPA], Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation 

Program Act of 2000; as amended; DCAS website

Ames, 1967, Ames Laboratory - Iowa State University 25th Year Open House; U.S. Atomic Energy 

Commission, Iowa State University, Ames Laboratory; April 7-8, 1967; SRDB Ref ID: 18830 

Ames, 1973, Whole-Body Internal Dose Assessments of Tritium and Tritium Dose Calculation 

Procedures; Ames Laboratory; December 12, 1973; SRDB Ref ID: 25454, pdf pp. 2-5 

Ames, 1999, Characterization, Risk Assessment and Remediation of Harley Wilhelm Hall at Ames 

Laboratory, Rev. 0; Ames Laboratory; December 1999; SRDB Ref ID: 18854 

Berg, 1969, Neutron Measurement Information, correspondence to Milo Voss; Irwin Berg; March 11, 

1969; SRDB Ref ID: 25817 

DHHS, 2006, DHHS Designation of Additional Members of the Special Exposure Cohort under the 

Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act for Ames Laboratory in Ames, 

Iowa (January 1, 1942-December 31, 1954); Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS); 

August 8, 2006; SRDB Ref ID: 94027 

DHHS, 2007, DHHS Designation of Additional Members of the Special Exposure Cohort under the 

Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act for Ames Laboratory in Ames, 

Iowa (January 1, 1955-December 31, 1970); Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS); 

September 12, 2007; SRDB Ref ID: 94028 

DHHS, 2010, DHHS Designation of Additional Members of the Special Exposure Cohort under the 

Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act for Ames Laboratory in Ames, 

Iowa (January 1, 1955-December 31, 1960); Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS); 

October 6, 2010; SRDB Ref ID: 94029 
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Dust Samples, May-Jun 1943, Dust Sample Results Sheets for Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa; 

various dates in May and June 1943; SRDB Ref ID: 8960 

Dust Samples, Jul 1943, Dust Sample Results Sheets for Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa; samples 

taken July 15, 1943; SRDB Ref ID: 8969 

Ferretti, 1951, Uranium Excretion Studies, Chapter 7 of the “Plutonium Project Record,” Volume 20; 

R. J. Ferretti, G. R. Price, and Samuel Schwartz; SRDB Ref ID: 739, pdf pp. 267-279 

Hokel, 1998, An Assessment of the Causes, Mitigation Efforts, and Current Status of Th-232, U-238, 

and Beryllium Contamination in Wilhelm Hall at Ames Laboratory; Bruce W. Hokel, James H. 

Withers, W. Paul Waters, and Kenneth J. Ewing; April 1998; SRDB Ref ID: 18848 

Hull, 1973, Addition to ALRR Report No. 15, Argon-41 Concentrations, correspondence to J. H. 

Norman; D. L. Hull; May 3, 1973; SRDB Ref ID: 25828, pdf pp. 15-18 

Klevin, 1952, Ames Research Laboratory Occupational Exposure to Thorium and Beryllium; Paul B. 

Klevin; July 14, 1952; SRDB Ref ID: 18942 

Leiton, 2010, Proposed SEC Class Definition for Ames Laboratory, correspondence to Stuart 

Hinnefeld, OCAS; Rachel P. Leiton, Department of Labor; July 20, 2010; OSA Ref ID: 112217 

Monitoring Results, 1959-1960, Neutron Film Badge Exposure Reports; reports for dates ranging 

from January 1959 through December 1960; SRDB Ref ID: 25898 

Monitoring Results, 1970, Annual Summaries of Radiation Exposures; radiation exposure summaries 

for calendar year 1970; SRDB Ref ID: 13801 

NIOSH, 2006, SEC Petition Evaluation Report for Petition SEC-00038, Ames Laboratory; National 

Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); April 9, 2006; SRDB Ref ID: 94024 

NIOSH, 2007, SEC Petition Evaluation Report for Petition SEC-00075, Ames Laboratory; National 

Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); May 9, 2007; SRDB Ref ID: 94026 

NIOSH, 2010, SEC Petition Evaluation Report for Petition SEC-00166, Ames Laboratory; National 

Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); July 26, 2010; SRDB Ref ID: 94025 

ORAUT-OTIB-0079, Guidance on Assigning Occupational X-Ray Dose Under EEOICPA for X-Rays 

Administered Off Site, Rev. 00; ORAU Team Dose Reconstruction Project for NIOSH; January 3, 

2011; SRDB Ref ID: 89563

ORAUT-TKBS-0055, Site Profile for Ames Laboratory, Rev. 02; ORAU Team Dose Reconstruction 

Project for NIOSH; January 14, 2011; SRDB Ref ID: 91640 
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Payne, 1992, The Ames Project: Administering Classified Research as a Part of the Manhattan 

Project at Iowa State College, 1942-1945, Dissertation; Carolyn Stilts Payne; 1992; SRDB Ref ID: 

18851 

Samples Results, 1952-1953, Various Urine, Air Dust, and Slag Samples (1952-1953) for Ames 

Laboratory; sample dates ranging from March 1952 through May 1953; SRDB Ref ID: 8966 

Thorium Results, 1957, Thorium Bioassay and Sample Data regarding the July 9, 1957 Thorium 

Spill; SRDB Ref ID: 25773 

Tritium Results, 1968-1975, Tritium Urine Data Results (1968-1975) and Bioassay Procedure; 

samples taken from 1968 through 1975; SRDB Ref ID: 25456 and 25167 

Tritium Results, 1971, Tritium Urine Data Results (1971); samples counted from April 1971 through 

November 1971; SRDB Ref ID: 25454, pdf pp. 6-10 

Tritium Results, 1971-1974, Tritium Results (1971-1974); results for 1971 through 1974; SRDB Ref 

ID: 25103 

Tritium Results, 1975-1978, Tritium Bioassay Results (1975-1978); results for 1975 through 1978; 

Ref ID: 25458 

Tritium Results, 1977, Tritium Urine Data Results (3rd Quarter of 1977); results for 1977, 3rd Quarter; 

SRDB Ref ID: 25463 

Tybout, 1944, Urinalysis Conducted on Samples, correspondence to F. H. Spedding, includes 

urinalysis results; Richard A. Tybout; November 21, 1944; SRDB Ref ID: 8959 

Voigt, 1981, Final Report-Decommissioning of the Ames Laboratory Research Reactor; Adolf F. 

Voigt; December 1981; SRDB Ref ID: 25824 

Voss, 1971, Health Physics Memorandum-Bioassay-Program for Monitoring Personnel for Tritium 

with Sources of Tritium at the Ames Laboratory; M. D. Voss; September 1, 1971; SRDB Ref ID: 

25796 
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Attachment One: Data Capture Synopsis

Table A1-1: Data Capture Synopsis for Ames Laboratory

Data Capture Information General Description of Documents Captured Date 

Completed

Uploaded

to SRDB

Primary Site/Company Name: Ames Laboratory

DOE; 1942-present 

[Name redacted], Industrial Safety [phone number 

redacted]

Other Site Names: 

Iowa State 

Iowa State University

Size of the workforce:

The total number of Ames personnel varied greatly over the 

years. During the Manhattan Engineer District period 102 

people were monitored for radiation exposure. In 1973, 648 

personnel were employed by the Ames Laboratory, of 

whom 139 were monitored for radiation exposure. 

Additionally, there were 671 visitors to the laboratory in 

1973. In 1985 there were 403 employees of the laboratory, 

of whom 160 were monitored for radiation exposure. In 

1991, 107 personnel were monitored for radiation exposure. 

In 2000, 122 personnel were monitored for radiation 

exposure.

Physical size of the site: 

The three major buildings of the Ames Laboratory had 

approximately 2.4 million square feet under roof, in 

addition to two smaller waste storage buildings. The Ames 

Laboratory Research Reactor, situated on 44 acres, had 

40,800 square feet under roof. The waste storage area 

comprises approximately two acres.

242-Pu-94 experiment in room 29 Spedding Hall, activity in reactor 

effluents, air sample data sheets, Ames Laboratory description, 

environmental reports, atomic space living on the Manhattan Project, 

bioassay procedure and results, bremsstrahlung doses from natural 

uranium ingots, design and operation of a pilot plant for purification of 

thorium, external dose records, film badge specifications, health physics 

aspects of the neutron generator, incident reports, neutron film badge 

data, radiation surveys, reactor effluent reports, results of indoor radon 

monitoring, survey of ISU medical X-ray machine, Th-232, U-238, 

beryllium contamination in Wilhelm Hall at Ames Laboratory, and Xray machine monitoring including doses from chest X-rays.

03/14/2007 287

State Contacted: Iowa Department of Public Health 

[Name redacted], [Title redacted] Bureau of Radiological 

Health [phone number redacted]

No relevant data identified. 06/03/2010 0
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Table A1-1: Data Capture Synopsis for Ames Laboratory

Data Capture Information General Description of Documents Captured Date 

Completed

Uploaded

to SRDB

Cincinnati Public Library In-situ characterization technique for screening contaminated soils, 

instructions in applications of nuclear devices at Iowa State University, 

reduction of uranium with magnesium, radiation safety in the 

Manhattan Project 1942-1946, uranium metal by carbon reduction of 

uranium oxide in vacuum, and a presentation on the decommissioning 

of the Ames Research Reactor.

07/02/2010 10

Claimant Miscellaneous Linde material, including a mention of medical records 

from Ames.

04/18/2005 1

Curtiss-Wright, Cheswick, PA Methods of Separating U233 from Thorium. 06/18/2008 1

Department of Labor/Paragon Draft background and resurvey recommendations for the Atomic 

Energy Commission portion of the Lake Ontario Ordnance Works, 

uranium compounds, and operational reports.

12/30/2008 3

DOE Argonne National Laboratory Organization of National Nucleonics Program. 04/02/2008 1

DOE Brookhaven National laboratory Air monitoring parameters at Ames and a roster of Brookhaven 

personnel who worked at Ames.

10/21/2008 2

DOE Germantown Documents regarding Westinghouse Atomic Power Development Plant, 

beryllium history, procurement, procedures and policies, exposure, 

hazards and safety, history and characterization about the University of 

California, elimination report, monthly accountability, thorium 

information, site summary and history, Forest Hills location 

designation change and addition to covered facility list along with 

supporting documentation, and the DOE reasonable search protocol. 

03/07/2011 6

DOE Hanford Ames waste management audits and reports, waste shipments, 

Commodity Irradiation Project, AEC planning for U-233 production, 

and the 1951 history and description of Ames Laboratory.

07/22/2010 33

DOE Legacy Management - Grand Junction Office Ames Laboratory site description, Brookhaven request for thorium 

fluoride, cast rod production, radiological survey program, Manhattan 

District History Book I - General Volume 4 Auxiliary Activities, 

monthly progress report, preparation of KUF5 and K2UCL6, processing 

losses of material, receiving report for stabilized zirconia casting mix, 

sewer contamination incident, shipment of thorium, soil contamination 

south end of physical chemistry annex, thorium operations at Ames, 

report of fire at Ames, transmittal of invoices and receiving reports, the 

site radiological resurvey program, an order for D-29 from DuPont.

02/28/2011 61
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Table A1-1: Data Capture Synopsis for Ames Laboratory

Data Capture Information General Description of Documents Captured Date 

Completed

Uploaded

to SRDB

DOE Legacy Management - Morgantown Recycled uranium reports showing Ames shipments, Fernald reports 

with receipts from and shipments to Ames, the Ames accountability 

station symbol, QA reports, evaluations of Ames uranium and thorium 

scrap, environmental evaluations, a Materials Management and 

Safeguards System status report, and thorium production at Ames.

02/03/2011 88

DOE Legacy Management - MoundView (Fernald 

Holdings, includes Fernald Legal Database)

A review of the Ames thorium process, processing and inspection of 

Ames thorium at Fernald, a DOE capsule review of Ames, and 

complex-wide waste management and shipping issues. 

06/18/2008 17

DOE Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos uranium metallurgy technical series and wartime reports 

mentioning purification work at Ames.

08/22/2007 3

DOE Oak Ridge Operations Vault and Holding Area. List of papers written on uranium and researcher notes. 12/10/2010 2

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information 

(OSTI)

Report on survey of irradiation facilities, thorium slugs produced at 

Ames, and thorium rod measurements.

08/02/2010 3

DOE Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) GENII version 2 user's guide. 03/12/2007 1

DOE Savannah River Site Production of thorium at Ames, trip report including thorium meeting 

division of research, and thorium slugs for irradiation program.

07/22/2008 3

[Name redacted] Personal Files Memorandum of understanding with the Metallurgical Laboratory for 

Dr. Spedding's services.

11/24/2009 1

Federal Records Center (FRC) - Kansas City Film badge reports. 10/16/2008 4

Federal Records Center (FRC) - San Bruno Summaries of fuels and materials development programs. 01/31/2006 1

Hagley Museum and Library References to Ames' wartime PUREX work with DuPont at Hanford 

and the Deepwater Works.

09/29/2010 8

Internet References to Ames' development of the PUREX process. 04/08/2011 1

Internet - Ames Public Library No relevant data identified. 06/18/2010 0

Internet - DOE Comprehensive Epidemiologic Data 

Resource (CEDR)

No relevant data identified. 03/20/2010 0

Internet - DOE Hanford Declassified Document Retrieval 

System (DDRS)

Monthly Report Hanford Atomic Products Operation for April 1953. 03/20/2010 1

Internet - DOE Legacy Management Considered Sites Monthly progress report, authority review for MED operations 

conducted at Ames Laboratory, interim overview and certification 

activities report, research reactor facility, production of thorium metal, 

uranium contained in the Iowa State College dump, and a Tonawanda 

area progress report.

04/18/2010 9

Internet - DOE OpenNet Semiannual reports of the Atomic Energy Commission, Manhattan 

District History, Book I - General, Volume 7 - Medical Program, 

summary history of the nuclear weapons program, and activation test 

results of samples.

09/01/2010 9
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Table A1-1: Data Capture Synopsis for Ames Laboratory

Data Capture Information General Description of Documents Captured Date 

Completed

Uploaded

to SRDB

Internet - DOE OSTI Energy Citations The Ames reactor training program, thorium chemistry research, 

descriptions of the POLLY system, bubble chamber work, the Tiger 

Team assessment of Ames, environmental reports, quarterly progress 

reports, and thorium metallurgy. NOTE: These documents were ordered 

through OSTI.

01/11/2011 54

Internet - DOE OSTI Information Bridge Analysis of enriched and depleted uranium oxide powders, annual site 

environmental report, effects of temperature on mechanical properties 

of normal uranium dingot, in-situ monitoring of actinides and rare earth 

elements, low enrichment fuel conversion, neutron scattering studies, 

Nuclear Science and Technology extracts from Journal of Metallurgy 

and Ceramics, performance assessment modeling of high level nuclear 

waste forms from the pyroprocess fuel cycle, performance testing of 

multi-metal continuous emissions monitors, plutonium contamination 

monitoring, quarterly reports, radiological survey, sputtering of 

vanadium and niobium under 14.1 MeV neutron impact, uranium 

enrichment using plasma centrifuges, X-ray K-edge analysis of drain

lines in Wilhelm Hall, counting laboratories intercalibration, radioactive 

waste reports, a 1950 survey of air cleaning, and a summary of 

environmental dose models. NOTE: 9 documents were added by 

previous research or site association.

04/15/2011 90

Internet - Google Environment, safety, health, and assurance trend analysis, 

contamination in Spedding Hall prior to start of energy savings project, 

application for use of radioactive materials, devices, and lasers, 

decontamination with lasers, dosimetry/personnel monitoring, campus 

maps, radiation safety manual, Radiological Protection Program 

information, RSO interview, annual site environmental report 

containing radiological doses and releases, a waste 

minimization/pollution prevention plan, a complex-wide cleanup report, 

the sixteenth annual DOE exposure report, and a Manhattan Engineer 

District organization chart and history. NOTE: 13 documents were 

added by previous research or site association.

04/11/2010 57

Internet - HP Journal No relevant data identified. 06/14/2010 0

Internet - Iowa State University Library No relevant data identified. 06/18/2010 0

Internet - Journal of Occupational and Environmental 

Health 

No relevant data identified. 06/14/2010 0

Internet - National Academies Press (NAP) No relevant data identified. 03/20/2010 0
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Table A1-1: Data Capture Synopsis for Ames Laboratory

Data Capture Information General Description of Documents Captured Date 

Completed

Uploaded

to SRDB

Internet - National Nuclear Security Administration 

(NNSA) - Nevada Site Office

No relevant data identified. 03/20/2010 0

Internet - NRC Agencywide Document Access and 

Management (ADAMS)

Annual operations report on Iowa State University's UTR- 10 Reactor, 

final status survey report for the Iowa State University UTR-10 Reactor, 

termination of facility operating license No. R-59 for the UTR-10 

research reactor, notification of reactor operator license cancellations, 

request for license amendment, shipment of uranium fuel, an inspection 

report, and information on Iowa's Agreement State Program. NOTE: 2 

documents were added by previous research or site association.

04/14/2010 21

Internet - US Army Corps of Engineers No relevant data identified. 04/18/2010 0

Internet - Washington State University (U.S. Transuranium 

and Uranium Registries)

No relevant data identified. 03/20/2010 0

Mound Museum Preparation of powdered thorium. 02/13/2008 1

National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) -

Atlanta

Accountability reports of source and fissionable materials, acid 

treatment of thorium metal, air sampling results, breakdown of finished 

metal into green salt lots, comparison of yields from Mallinckrodt and 

Harshaw feed material, crushing brown oxide pellets, description of 

work done at Ames, instructions for billet production, Madison Square 

area monthly accountability reports, myrnalloy production - Iowa, 

procedures for handling by-product materials, proposed research 

program of Iowa, reactor development, receiving report receipts at 

Ames of thorium, trip report, requirements for x-slugs, semi-monthly 

reports, shipments of materials, thorium accountability report, thorium 

bearing residues, indoor radon study volumes 1 and 2, and urine results.

05/14/2010 136

National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) -

College Park

Correspondence from 1947-1950, researcher notes from the review of 

classified documents, thorium program documents including research, 

production, fabrication, program costs, and metallurgy, material 

inventories, radex reports, and wartime activities. 

08/19/2010 38

National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) -

Kansas City

Information on Oak Ridge facility decontamination history. 03/30/2005 1

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 

(NIOSH) (DCAS Website)

Special Exposure Cohort Petitions Evaluation Reports and class 

designation documents. 

04/19/2011 6

National Technical Information Service (NTIS) Summary of environmental emissions including equipment, facilities, 

and economic evaluations.

06/08/2010 1

NIOSH/SC&A Highly enriched uranium working group reports. 02/16/2006 3
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Table A1-1: Data Capture Synopsis for Ames Laboratory

Data Capture Information General Description of Documents Captured Date 

Completed

Uploaded

to SRDB

ORAU Team Default assumptions and methods for atomic weapons employer dose 

reconstructions, occupational environmental doses for Ames 

Laboratory, U and Th operations, processing uranium products, the 

Ames Site Profile, documented communications with process 

knowledge sources and early occupational exposure experiences in 

uranium processing.

01/14/2011 21

SAIC Radiation exposures by AEC Operating Office, radiation exposure 

summaries, and a summary of whole body radiation exposures to 

external penetrating radiation.

09/02/2004 9

Sanford Cohen & Associates (SC&A) TR-119 to attend the research materials coordination and planning 

meeting and a report showing Ames shipments to Fernald. 

07/02/2008 2

Southern Illinois University Disposal of radioactive wastes in the metropolitan St. Louis area. 10/08/2008 2

Unknown Air samples, Blockson Chemical Company and other FUSRAP site 

information, semi-annual report of the Atomic Energy Commission, 

location of HP medical records - Mancuso Study, occupational exposure 

to thorium and beryllium, radiological hazards and controls for uranium 

operations, results of the DOE indoor radon study, site history 

information, urine, air dust, and slag sample results, and records from 

sites involved in thorium work with Ames.

10/18/2004 43

TOTAL 1041
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Table A1-2: Databases Searched for Ames Laboratory

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded

To SRDB

NOTE: Database search terms employed for each of the databases listed below

are available in the Excel file called “Ames Laboratory Rev 01 (83.14) 04-27-11”

Ames Public Library

www.Catalogue.amespubliclibrary.org

COMPLETED 06/18/2010

See Note above 0 0

DOE CEDR

http://cedr.lbl.gov/

COMPLETED 03/20/2010

See Note above 0 0

DOE Hanford DDRS

http://www2.hanford.gov/declass/

COMPLETED 03/20/2010

See Note above 2 1

DOE Legacy Management Considered Sites

http://csd.lm.doe.gov/

COMPLETED 04/18/2010

See Note above 9 9

DOE OpenNet

http://www.osti.gov/opennet/advancedsearch.jsp

COMPLETED 09/01/2010

See Note above 66 9

DOE OSTI Energy Citations

http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/

COMPLETED 01/11/2011

See Note above 12,319 0

DOE OSTI Information Bridge

http://www.osti.gov/bridge/advancedsearch.jsp

COMPLETED 04/15/2011

See Note above 4,718 81

Google

http://www.google.com

COMPLETED 04/11/2010

See Note above 127,347 44

HP Journal

http://journals.lww.com/health-physics/pages/default.aspx

COMPLETED 06/14/2010

See Note above 43 0

Iowa State University Library

www.primofe-1.lib.iastate.edu

COMPLETED 06/18/2010

See Note above 0 0
SEC-00185 06-07-2011 Ames Laboratory

42 of 49

Table A1-2: Databases Searched for Ames Laboratory

Database/Source Keywords / Phrases Hits Uploaded

To SRDB

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 

http://www.ijoeh.com/index.php/ijoeh

COMPLETED 06/14/2010

See Note above 30 0

National Academies Press

http://www.nap.edu/

COMPLETED 03/20/2010

See Note above 2,288 0

NNSA - Nevada Site Office

www.nv.doe.gov/main/search.htm

COMPLETED 03/20/2010

See Note above 0 0

NRC ADAMS Reading Room

http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams/web-based.html

COMPLETED 04/14/2010

See Note above 550 19

USACE/FUSRAP

http://www.lrb.usace.army.mil/fusrap/

COMPLETED 04/18/2010

See Note above 1 0

U.S. Transuranium & Uranium Registries 

http://www.ustur.wsu.edu/

COMPLETED 03/20/2010

See Note above 0 0
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Table A1-3: Cincinnati Public Library Documents Ordered for Ames Laboratory

Document Number Document Title Requested

Date

Received

Date

DOC Number: NA

OSTI ID: 85990

Ref ID: 81050

In-Situ Characterization Technique for Screening Contaminated Soils 

from Journal of Environmental Engineering, Vol 121(7):521-526, July 

1995

05/04/2010 05/04/2010

DOC Number: NA

OSTI ID: 4351662

Ref ID: 81221

Reduction of Uranium With Magnesium, Metal Progress, Vol 69(3):81-

88, Mar 1956

05/04/2010 05/04/2010

DOC Number: NA

OSTI ID: 5268990

Ref ID: 81220

Waste Fuel Mix Saves University $41,600 Yearly from Energy User 

News Vol 7(23):5, Jun 7, 1982

05/04/2010 05/04/2010

DOC Number: CONF-890604

OSTI ID: 6757028

Ref ID: 81219

The Role of the Iowa State University Research Reactor in Nuclear 

Engineering Education from Transactions of the American Nuclear 

Society, Vol 59, Annual Meeting of the American Nuclear Society, 4-8 

Jun 1989

05/04/2010 05/05/2010

DOC Number: CONF-690312

OSTI ID: 4150845

Ref ID: 81286

Instructions in Applications of Nuclear Devices at Iowa State 

University from Education for Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Explosives 

from Symposium on Education for the Peaceful uses of Nuclear 

Explosives Pp 281-283, Jan 1970

05/04/2010 05/10/2010

DOC Number: CONF-660630; IS-1379

OSTI ID: 4509093

Ref ID: 81752

Uranium Metal by Carbon Reduction of Uranium Oxide in Vacuum 

from Vacuum Metallurgy Conference, Jun 14, 1966

05/04/2010 05/25/2010

DOC Number: NA

OSTI ID: 4663051

Ref ID: 81288

Environmental Trace Element Survey at a Heavy Metals Refining Site, 

Nuclear Methods in Environmental Research from Meeting on Nuclear 

Methods in Environmental Research, Pp 172-185, Jan 1971

04/28/2010 05/11/2010

DOC Number: NA

OSTI ID: 381792

Ref ID: 81287

Full-Scale Technology Demonstration of a Polyethylene Encapsulation 

Process for Radioactive, Hazardous, and Mixed Wastes from Journal of 

Environmental Science and Health, Part A: Environmental Science and 

Engineering, Vol 31(7):1767-1780, Aug 1996

04/28/2010 05/11/2010

DOC Number: UNI-SA-103; CONF-821005-4

OSTI ID: 5115872

Ref ID: 82903

Decommissioning of the Ames Laboratory Research Reactor from DOE 

International Decommissioning Symposium, Oct 10, 1982

04/28/2010 07/02/2010
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44 of 49

Table A1-4: OSTI Documents Requested for Ames Laboratory

Document Number Document Title Requested

Date

Received

Date

DOC Number: IS-4789

OSTI ID: 5402590

Ref ID: 25824

Decommissioning of the Ames Laboratory Research Reactor. Final 

Report, Dec 1981

04/28/2010 04/28/2010

DOC Number: IS-4798

OSTI ID: 5304492

Ref ID: 25429

Environmental Monitoring Summary for Ames Laboratory: Calendar 

Year 1981, Apr 1982

04/28/2010 04/28/2010

DOC Number: IS-1098

OSTI ID: 4641828

Ref ID: 25884

Survey of Environmental Radioactivity (Cy 1963?), December 1964 04/28/2010 04/28/2010

DOC Number: PB-274552

OSTI ID: 6812936

Ref ID: 81261

Evaluation of the Ames Solid Waste Recovery System. Part I. Summary 

of Environmental Emissions: Equipment, Facilities, and Economic 

Evaluations. Interim Report 5 Feb 76--4 Feb 77, Nov 1977

04/28/2010 06/08/2010

DOC Number: CC-2401

OSTI ID: 4365563

Ref ID: 87894

A Method of Recovering Thorium from Slag Materials. Problem 

Assignment No. 16, Mar 23, 1945

04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: WASH-149

OSTI ID: 4360605

Ref ID: 87863

Air Cleaning Seminar, Ames Laboratory, September 15-17, 1952, Mar 

1954

04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: ANL-7934?

OSTI ID: 4638706

Ref ID: 87918

Ames Laboratory Holly Programming System, January 1972 04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: ANL-7934?

OSTI ID: 4650114

Ref ID: 87924

Ames Laboratory Interactive Hardware Programmed Polly, January 

1972

04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: IS-4955

OSTI ID: 6617260

Ref ID: 87966

Ames Laboratory Quarterly Report, October 1, 1987--December 31, 

1987, Feb 1988

04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: IS-3483

OSTI ID: 4249469

Ref ID: 87799

Ames Laboratory Reactor Operator Training Program, Aug 1974 04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: IS-1500, Sect E

OSTI ID: 4530066

Ref ID: 88270

Annual Summary Research Report in Engineering, Oct 31, 1966 04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: AECU-1817

OSTI ID: 4394686

Ref ID: 87900

Backscattering of Beta-Rays In Windowless Geiger-Muller Counters, 

Oct 31, 1952

04/28/2010 09/15/2010
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Table A1-4: OSTI Documents Requested for Ames Laboratory

Document Number Document Title Requested

Date

Received

Date

DOC Number: AECD-3249

OSTI ID: 4399591

Ref ID: 87901

Compounds of Thorium with Transition Metals I. The ThoriumManganese System, Aug 24, 195104/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: M-4585

OSTI ID: 4365308

Ref ID: 87892

Corrosion of Thorium and Related Materials, Oct 31, 1956 04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: IS-T-1555

OSTI ID: 10140375

Ref ID: 87970

Encapsulation of Hazardous Wastes into Agglomerates, Jan 28, 1992 04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: DOE/EA-0434

OSTI ID: 7043259

Ref ID: 87969

Environmental Assessment for US Department of Energy Support of an 

Iowa State University Linear Accelerator Facility at Ames, Iowa, May 

1990

04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: IS-4734

OSTI ID: 5309715

Ref ID: 87944

Environmental Monitoring at Ames Laboratory: Calendar Year 1979, 

Apr 1980

04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: IS-4844

OSTI ID: 6681447

Ref ID: 87967

Environmental Research and Development Measurement and 

Dosimetry. Quarterly Report, April 1, 1983-June 30, 1983, Oct 1983

04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: IS-4869

OSTI ID: 6011268

Ref ID: 87965

Environmental Research and Development: Measurement and 

Dosimetry. Quarterly Report, April 1-June 30, 1984, Sep 1984

04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: ANL-7934?

OSTI ID: 4626725

Ref ID: 87916

General Description of the Ames Laboratory Polly, January 1972 04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: IS-4818

OSTI ID: 5722416

Ref ID: 87961

Health and Environmental Research. Quarterly Report, April 1-June 30, 

1982, Nov 1982

04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: IS-4791

OSTI ID: 5171787

Ref ID: 87937

Health and Environmental Research. Quarterly Report, October 1-

December 31, 1981. [Health And Environmental Effects of Waste and 

Biomass to Energy Processes], Apr 1982

04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: IS-4841

OSTI ID: 5534946

Ref ID: 4841

Identification and Characterization of Pollutants. Quarterly Report, 

January 1-March 31, 1983, Jun 1983

04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: ISC-653

OSTI ID: 4362480

Ref ID: 87865

Kinetics of the Reaction Between Thorium and Water Vapor, Jun 1955 04/28/2010 09/15/2010
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Table A1-4: OSTI Documents Requested for Ames Laboratory

Document Number Document Title Requested

Date

Received

Date

DOC Number: DOE/ER/75360-2

OSTI ID: 5374102

Ref ID: 87947

Low Enrichment Fuel Conversion for Iowa State University, Aug 1990 04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: IS-4718

OSTI ID: 5585528

Ref ID: 87959

Office of Health and Environmental Research. Quarterly Report, April 

1, 1979-June 30, 1979. [Ames Municipal Solid Waste Recovery 

System], Oct 1979

04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: IS-2600

OSTI ID: 4691951

Ref ID: 87933

Physics Division, January 1971 04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: CC-2962

OSTI ID: 4365562

Ref ID: 87893

Precipitation of Thorium Oxalate from Nitric Acid Solutions. Problem 

No. 117, Oct 1945

04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: ISC-135

OSTI ID: 4409518

Ref ID: 87910

Progress Report in Physics for the Period July 1, 1950, to December 31, 

1950, Mar 15, 1951

04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: IS-4740

OSTI ID: 5375416

Ref ID: 87948

Quarterly Report, 1 January-31 March 1980, May 1980 04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: IS-4735

OSTI ID: 5267734

Ref ID: 87941

Quarterly Report, 1 October-31 December 1979, Mar 1980 04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: IS-4707

OSTI ID: 5829597

Ref ID: 87964

Quarterly Report, January 1-March 31, 1979, Jul 1979 04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: ISC-69

OSTI ID: 4337900

Ref ID: 87801

Quarterly Summary Research Report for April, May, and June 1949, 

Nov 28, 1949

04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: AECD-4023

OSTI ID: 4360181

Ref ID: 87821

Quarterly Summary Research Report for July, August, and September 

1951, Nov 15, 1951

04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: AECD-3929

OSTI ID: 4366878

Ref ID: 87897

Quarterly Summary Research Report for October, November, and 

December 1950, Jan 30, 1951

04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: ISC-642

OSTI ID: 4364249

Ref ID: 87872

Quarterly Summary Research Report in Engineering for April, May, 

June 1955, Nov 23, 1955

04/28/2010 09/15/2010
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Table A1-4: OSTI Documents Requested for Ames Laboratory

Document Number Document Title Requested

Date

Received

Date

DOC Number: ISC-487

OSTI ID: 4363962

Ref ID: 87871

Quarterly Summary Research Report in Physics for January, February, 

and March 1954, Jun 26, 1954

04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: ISC-533

OSTI ID: 4382994

Ref ID: 87899

Quarterly Summary Research Report in Physics for July, August, and 

September 1954, Dec 21, 1954

04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: IS-900

OSTI ID: 4643927

Ref ID: 87920

Reactor Division, Oct 31, 1965 04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: CONF-641207-5

OSTI ID: 4643940

Ref ID: 87921

Regulations and Control for Radiation Protection. Paper No. 64-819 

From American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Winter Meeting, 

Dec 31, 1965

04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: AECD-4046

OSTI ID: 4360180

Ref ID: 87806

Semi-Annual Progress Report in Metallurgy for The Period October 1, 

1950- March 31, 1951, May 1951

04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: ISC-757

OSTI ID: 4358865

Ref ID: 87804

Semi-Annual Summary Research Report in Chemistry for January-June 

1956, Oct 12, 1956

04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: ISC-834

OSTI ID: 4368061

Ref ID: 87898

Semi-Annual Summary Research Report in Chemistry for JulyDecember 1956, Mar 15, 195704/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: ISC-760

OSTI ID: 4366223

Ref ID: 87895

Semi-Annual Summary Research Report in Engineering for JanuaryJune 1956, Oct 1, 195604/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: ISC-836

OSTI ID: 4366534

Ref ID: 87896

Semi-Annual Summary Research Report in Engineering for JulyDecember 1956, Mar 15, 195704/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: ISC-463

OSTI ID: 4361723

Ref ID: 87864

Solubility of Carbon in Thorium, Feb 18, 1954 04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: AECD-3206; ISC-102

OSTI ID: 4408189

Ref ID: 87905

Some Studies on the Uranium-Thorium-Zirconium Ternary Alloy 

System, June 1950

04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: IS-1523

OSTI ID: 4439008

Ref ID: 87911

Survey of Environmental Radioactivity (Cy 1966?), January 1967 04/28/2010 09/15/2010
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Table A1-4: OSTI Documents Requested for Ames Laboratory

Document Number Document Title Requested

Date

Received

Date

DOC Number: IS-2154

OSTI ID: 4768629

Ref ID: 87935

Survey of Environmental Radioactivity for Period January 1, 1969 to 

June 30, 1969, Jan 1969

04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: IS-1924

OSTI ID: 4486804

Ref ID: 87914

Survey of Environmental Radioactivity for Period January 1--June 30, 

1968, Jan 1968

04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: ISC-14

OSTI ID: 4338203

Ref ID: 87803

The Chelate Compounds of Plutonium (Thesis), May 25, 1946 04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: IS-986

OSTI ID: 4649643

Ref ID: 87922

The Creep of Thorium Near Room Temperature, Sep 1964 04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: ISC-417

OSTI ID: 4406585

Ref ID: 87903

The Determination of Mesothorium in Thorium Nitrate, Nov 1953 04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: AECD-3544; ISC-391

OSTI ID: 4408551

Ref ID: 87908

The Niobium-Thorium Alloy System, Aug 13, 1953 04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: ISC-48

OSTI ID: 4363430

Ref ID: 87869

Thorium Alloys--The Thorium-Bismuth System, Jul 12, 1950 04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: DOE/EH-0264

OSTI ID: 10154495

Ref ID: 87939

Tiger Team Assessment of the Ames Laboratory, Mar 1992 04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: IS-900

OSTI ID: 4666506

Ref ID: 87925

Annual Summary Research Report of Chemistry, Engineering, 

Metallurgy, Physics And Reactor Divisions, July 1, 1963-June 30, 1964, 

Sep 1964

04/28/2010 09/15/2010

DOC Number: IS-1500, Sect M

OSTI ID: 4518493

Ref ID: 88270

Annual Summary Research Report in Metallurgy, Oct 31, 1966 04/28/2010 09/23/2010

DOC Number: IS-1500, Sect P

OSTI ID: 4508143

Ref ID: 88270

Annual Summary Research Report in Physics, Oct 31, 1966 04/28/2010 09/23/2010

DOC Number: AECD-4001

OSTI ID: 4360182

Ref ID: 88269

Progress Report in Metallurgy, April 1, 1949 to September 30, 1949, 

Nov 15, 1949

04/28/2010 09/23/2010
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Table A1-4: OSTI Documents Requested for Ames Laboratory

Document Number Document Title Requested

Date

Received

Date

DOC Number: TSC-700

OSTI ID: 4357623

Ref ID: NA

The Stress-Strain Characteristics of Uranium, Dec 1955 04/28/2010 OSTI Doesn't 

have

DOC Number: IS-1647

OSTI ID: OSTI ID: 4275110

Ref ID: NA

Survey of Environmental Radioactivity for Period, January 1, 1967--

June 30, 1967, Jan 1967

04/28/2010 OSTI Doesn't 

have