Effective Date: 11/24/2004 Revision No. 01 Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0006-5 Page 1 of 23 

ATTACHMENT D 

OCCUPATIONAL INTERNAL DOSE FOR MONITORED WORKERS 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Section Page

D.1 Codes Used in Bioassay and Internal Dose Records (Adapted from Carbaugh 2000) .................3 

D.2 Interpreting Mixtures ......................................................................................................................8 

D.2.1 Separations Facilities............................................................................................................8

D.3 Tables for Chronic Intakes – Urinalyses ......................................................................................10 

D.3.1 Based on Urinalyses ...........................................................................................................11

D.3.2 Based on Whole Body Counts ............................................................................................16

D.4 Tolerance Dose and Tolerance Values at Hanford 

LIST OF TABLES 

Table Page

D-01 Sample type codes ...............................................................................................................3

D-02 Bioassay reason codes.........................................................................................................3

D-03 Excreta sample kit codes ......................................................................................................4

D-04 In vivo body location codes...................................................................................................5

D-05 Units codes ...........................................................................................................................5

D-06 Excreta processing codes.....................................................................................................5

D-07 Excreta laboratory codes ......................................................................................................6

D-08 Excreta no-sample codes .....................................................................................................6

D-09 In vivo invalid result codes ....................................................................................................6

D-10 INTERTRAC mode-of-intake codes......................................................................................7

D-11 INTERTRAC evaluation reason codes .................................................................................7

D-12 INTERTRAC source-of-intake codes ....................................................................................7

D-13 INTERTRAC miscellaneous codes .......................................................................................7

D-14 Special whole body count resolution codes (RC) (used in 1983 only)..................................8

D.2.1-1 Relative activity abundance of fission/activation products in Hanford fuel at 

time of dissolution .................................................................................................................9

D.3.1-1 239Pu chronic inhalation intake assessment based on unit MDA urinalysis on 

last day of the period...........................................................................................................11

3.1-2 241Am chronic inhalation intake assessment based on unit MDA urinalysis on 

last day of the period...........................................................................................................11

D.3.1-3 238U chronic inhalation intake assessment based on unit MDA urinalysis on 

last day of the period...........................................................................................................12

D.3.1-4 90Sr chronic inhalation intake assessment based on unit MDA urinalysis on 

last day of the period...........................................................................................................13

D.3.1-5 144Ce chronic inhalation intake assessment based on unit MDA urinalysis on 

last day of the period...........................................................................................................14

D.3.1-6 141Ce chronic inhalation intake assessment based on unit MDA urinalysis on 

last day of the period...........................................................................................................14
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D.3.1-7 147Pm chronic inhalation intake assessment based on unit MDA urinalysis on 

last day of the period...........................................................................................................15

Table Page

D.3.1-8 210Po chronic inhalation intake assessment based on unit MDA urinalysis on 

last day of the period...........................................................................................................15

D.3.2-1 137Cs chronic inhalation intake assessment based on unit MDA whole body 

count on last day of the period............................................................................................16

D.3.2-2 144Ce chronic inhalation intake assessment based on unit MDA whole body 

count on last day of the period............................................................................................16

D.3.2-3 141Ce chronic inhalation intake assessment based on unit MDA whole body 

count on last day of the period............................................................................................17

D.3.2-4 106Ru chronic inhalation intake assessment based on unit MDA whole body 

count on last day of the period............................................................................................17

D.3.2-5 60Co chronic inhalation intake assessment based on unit MDA whole body 

count on last day of the period............................................................................................18

D.3.2-6 51Cr chronic inhalation intake assessment based on unit MDA whole body 

count on last day of the period............................................................................................18

D.3.2-7 54Mn chronic inhalation intake assessment based on unit MDA whole body 

count on last day of the period............................................................................................19

D.3.2-8 59Fe chronic inhalation intake assessment based on unit MDA whole body 

count on last day of the period............................................................................................19

D.3.2-9 154Eu chronic inhalation intake assessment based on unit MDA whole body 

count on last day of the period............................................................................................20

D.3.2-10 95Nb chronic inhalation intake assessment based on unit MDA whole body 

count on last day of the period............................................................................................20

D.3.2-11 95Zr chronic inhalation intake assessment based on unit MDA whole body 

count on last day of the period............................................................................................21
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D.1 Codes Used in Bioassay and Internal Dose Records (Adapted from Carbaugh 2000) 

These codes apply to information contained in the Radiological Exposure (REX) database and include 

both present and historical uses. Different codes were implemented at different times according to the 

needs at the time; the early dates have few if any codes. 

Table D-01. Sample type codes. 

Code Type of sample 

B Blood 

F Feces 

S Sputum 

T Tissue 

U Urine 

Table D-02. Bioassay reason codes. 

Code Name Description 

BL Baseline Measurement is performed to establish a reference level against which 

subsequent measurements will be compared. Generally, this may be 

for new employees, or for established employees, prior to commencing 

work with radioactive materials, beginning a specific type of radiation 

zone work, or making an offsite trip where potential intakes could 

occur. 

PR Periodic Measurement is performed at a regularly scheduled interval. 

EA End of Assignment Measurement is performed following completion of specific work 

assignment, but not end of employment. 

SP Special Measurement is performed as part of a specific investigation of 

potential internal dose. May include response to off-normal work 

conditions, or follow-up of abnormal periodic measurements. 

CR Contractor Request Measurement requested by employer for reasons other than periodic, 

baseline, end of assignment, or special investigation. 

RA Reanalysis A First reanalysis of sample by taking another aliquot and repeating the 

same radiochemical or chemical analysis. 

RB Reanalysis B Second reanalysis of sample by taking another aliquot and repeating 

the same radiochemical or chemical analysis. 

R1 Recount 1 First recount of original excreta sample or repeat in vivo exam. 

R2 Recount 2 Second recount of original excreta sample or repeat in vivo exam. 

QR Quality and Research Measurement performed as part of quality control, quality assurance, or 

research work. 

TM or TS Termination Final bioassay at termination of employment. 

12 Contract Work In vivo measurement performed under contract to customers rather 

than for Hanford employees. 

20 Source Count In vivo source count made for system calibration or as a function 

check, usually using a known check source. 

30 Background Count In vivo system background measurement performed for system 

calibration or as a functional check. 
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Table D-03. Excreta sample kit codes. 

Kit code* 

D/R P/U Media Sample description 

1 P Urine Approximate 24-hour urine collection. Collected at home over a 2-day 

period. Used for routine sampling and when a larger volume sample is 

desired. Designated sample date is the day after kit delivery to the 

employee. 

2 Q Urine Approximate 12-hour urine collection for termination sampling only. 

Collected at home overnight. Designated sample date is the day after 

the date of kit delivery to the employee. 

3 R Urine Total 24-hour urine collection. Collected at home and at work (if 

necessary) to collect all urine voided during a 24-hour period. 

Generally used for sampling immediately following an occurrence or for 

work restriction sampling. Designated sample date is the day after 

delivery or the date on which the sample collection began. 

4 S Urine Single void (spot urine) collection. Collection in a single bottle, used for 

initial indications of an intake. Designated sample date is the date of 

voiding. 

5 T Feces Collection of a single fecal voiding usually for investigation of a 

potential intake. Sample date is the day after kit delivery or the date on 

which the sample was actually voided. 

6 U Urine Partial day or approximate 12-hour collection. Usually collected at 

home overnight. Used for collection following an occurrence or when a 

large volume urine sample is necessary, such as for tritium or uranium 

determination. Designated sample date is the date of delivery to the 

employee. 

7 V Urine Approximate 12-hour collection Sunday-Monday sample (Friday 

delivery only). Generally used for workers chronically exposed to 

soluble uranium. Designated sample date is the Sunday in the 

sampling period. 

8 W Urine prior to 

1986. Feces 

starting in 

1986. 

Associated with urine sampling in 1950s through 1970s; was used to 

mean undesignated or unknown. Starting in 1986: collection of a 

single fecal voiding used for a special program for plutonium oxide 

workers. Designated sample date for shift workers is the Tuesday of 

long shift change, and for day workers is the appropriate Sunday. 

9 X Urine Kit designed for collection of urine outside the local service area. 

Transportation is handled by private carrier. Generally used for 

termination samples not collected locally. 

A Y Urine Simulated 48-hour urine collection. Collected at home over a 4-day 

period. Used for IPUL sampling. Designated sample date is two days 

after kit delivery to the employee. 

B Not 

Applicable 

Urine 12-hour urine collection for termination sampling only. Collected at 

home overnight. Kit delivered in normal manner, but brought to a 

designated on-site location by worker for pick-up by Contractor. 

Designated sample date is the day after the date of kit delivery to the 

employee. Delivery Only, no home pick-up required. 

*D/R = Delivery and Retrieval; P/U = Pick-Up only (the latter series of codes were not used prior to about 1990, but should 

have no impact on dose reconstruction). 

Note: prior to about 1983 kit codes were called collection codes 
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Table D-04. In vivo body location codes. 

Computer 

code Body location 

ABD Abdomen 

CHT Chest result 

CH1 Chest result 

CH2 Chest result corrected by ultrasound measurement of chest wall thickness 

HED Head 

HND Hand 

KNE Knee 

LG1 Lung result. (Chest result corrected for skeleton burden interference) 

LG2 Lung result. (Chest result corrected for skeleton and liver burden interference)

LV1 Liver 

LV2 Liver result corrected for skeleton burden interference 

LV3 Liver result corrected for skeleton and lung burden interference 

LYM Lymph nodes 

SKL Skull (Head) – old code no longer used 

SK1 Total activity in the skeleton based on a head count 

SK2 Skeleton result based on something other than a head count 

SPL Special 

THX Thorax 

THY Thyroid 

TRT Throat – old code no longer used 

WBC Whole body 

WND Wound 

Table D-05. Units codes. 

Computer 

code Description of units 

1 dpm/sample 

2 dpm/volume analyzed 

3 μg/L until 07-01-82 

μg/sample after 07-01-82 

4 μg/gram until 07-01-82 

μg/sample after 07-01-82 

5 μCi/sample 

6 μCi/L 

7 nCi (nanocuries) 

8 μCi (microcuries) 

Table D-06. Excreta processing codes.a

Processing 

code Description 

R Routine processing 

P Priority processing 

X Expedite processing (added about 1985) 

E Emergency processing 

a. Used in conjunction with contract with commercial 

laboratory starting in 1965; used to designate turnaround 

time and MDAs, i.e., different processing codes had 

different MDAs. 
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Table D-07. Excreta laboratory codes. 

Code Analytical laboratory 

IT IT Analytical Services - Richland 

LA Los Alamos National Laboratory 

OR Oak Ridge National Laboratory 

PL PNNL Analytical Chemistry Laboratory 

QN Quanterra 

RE REECO (Reynolds Electric Company, Nevada Test Site) 

ST Severn Trent Laboratories-Richland 

TA TMA/Norcal, Richmond, California 

WH Westinghouse Hanford Company, 222-S Lab 

Table D-08. Excreta no-sample codes. 

No-sample code Description 

CN Kit not out. Sample kit not out at time of scheduled pickup 

CS Cancelled sample/analysis 

CT Sample lost due to bioassay analysis contract termination 

FA Failed Analysis. A valid analytical result could not be obtained 

IS Insufficient sample. Sample provided by worker but volume 

insufficient to meet contractual requirements 

LC Lost container. Sample kit not retrieved 

ND Not delivered. Sample scheduled but kit never delivered 

NS No sample. Kit retrieved but no sample provided by worker 

Table D-09. In vivo invalid result codes. 

Code Reason for no results 

C External contamination other than radon detected on the subject. 

Measurement invalid; no results obtained. 

F Failure of equipment or faulty setup of equipment. Measurement invalid; 

no results obtained. 

I Interference from localized activity in another part of the subject’s body. 

Measurement invalid; no results obtained. 

L Location of internal or external activity was qualitatively determined by 

mapping, masking, or collimating. May include one or more 

measurement counts. These measurements are qualitative for 

identifying location of activity and do not yield quantifiable estimates of 

activity. 

M Medically administered radioactivity interfered with measurement. 

Measurement invalid; no results obtained. 

P Preliminary count, when followed by a more quantitative record count. 

Used to indicate measurement taken, but not a record count. 

R Radon interference from subject's clothing, hair, or skin. Measurement 

invalid; no results obtained. 

S The subject's actions interrupted completion of the count. Measurement 

invalid; no results obtained. 

X Measurement invalid; no results obtained. Other no-result codes do not 

apply. See comment field for a brief description. 

Notes: 

1. The comment field may have a brief explanation in addition to the codes listed above. 
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Table D-10. INTERTRAC 

mode-of-intake codes. 

Code Mode of intake 

ABS Absorption 

ING Ingestion 

INH Inhalation 

NON None (no intake) 

UNK Unknown 

WND Wound 

Table D-11. INTERTRAC evaluation reason codes. 

Code Reason for evaluation 

A Annual chronic intake evaluation 

C Contractor requested evaluation 

H High routine bioassay evaluation 

I Incident evaluation 

N New hire measurement or previous employment record 

indicated exposure prior to Hanford employment 

R Reevaluation 

Table D-12. INTERTRAC source-of-intake codes. 

Code Source of intake 

DHE Intake at DOE site while employed at Hanford 

HAN Intake at Hanford 

NHE Intake at non-DOE site while employed at Hanford 

NOC Nonoccupational intake 

PTH Intake occurred prior to Hanford employment 

Table D-13. INTERTRAC miscellaneous codes. 

Code type Code Description 

Intake confirmed Y Yes 

N No 

Nature of intake A Acute 

C Chronic 

Y Yes 

N No 

O Undetermined - (old evaluation assessing body burden rather than 

dose, or an evaluation in process) 

Recorded dose 

Z Recorded dose is zero mrem 

Source known Y Yes 

N No 

Type of evaluation P Preliminary 

F Final 
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Table D-14. Special whole body count resolution codes (RC) (used in 1983 only). 

Code Description 

A Investigation in progress 

B Recent intake < or = to 1% Maximum Permissible Annual Dose 

C Previous deposition 

D Under investigation with additional exams scheduled 

E Investigation completed, see radiation exposure records 

F Unresolved 

G Deposition from previous, non-Hanford employment 

H Exposure received offsite by Hanford employee 

I Activity derived from medical diagnostic or therapeutic procedure 

D.2 Interpreting Mixtures 

D.2.1 Separations Facilities

Fission products were greater sources of contamination at the separation facilities than activation 

products. Table D.2.1-1 shows the cooling times and relative activities (rounded to one significant 

figure) for fuel dissolved in the separation facilities by years though 1960 (i.e., prior to the advent of 

whole body counting.) Also shown are the radionuclides that would have been measured by the 

fission product urinalysis procedure. Activation products from the fuel cladding were considered in the 

calculations except none were ranked in the top 20 radionuclides. Of course, abundance in the fuel 

does not translate directly to probability of intake. Because of its volatility, 131I was of concern in 

airborne effluents and offsite doses, but did not seem to be a concern in the workplace, with the 

exception of a few workers that worked routinely in the canyons (e.g., canyon crane operators). Even 

with short-cooled fuel in the 1940s, the radionuclides with short half-lives, when considered as 

contaminants in places where workers were exposed (e.g., sample gallery, operating gallery, exhaust 

filtration systems), would decay away or reach equilibrium, whereas long-lived radionuclides would 

continually increase in contamination levels. This probably explains why short-lived radionuclides 

abundant in the fuel were not commonly mentioned as sources of contamination, such as 123Sn, 127Te, 

129Te, 148mPr, 147Nd. 
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Table D.2.1-1. Relative activity abundance of fission/activation products in Hanford fuel at time of 

dissolution. 

Early years: low burnup, short cooled fuel 

1944-45 1946, 51, 52, 53 1947 1948-50, 54, 55, 58 

Cooling time: 40 days 70 days 80 days 100 days 

Radionuclide 

Relative 

activity Radionuclide 

Relative 

activity Radionuclide 

Relative 

activity Radionuclide 

Relative 

activity 

Nb-95 40000 Nb-95 30000 Nb-95 30000 Nb-95 30000 

Zr-95 30000 Zr-95 20000 Zr-95 20000 Zr-95 20000 

Y-91 30000 Y-91* 20000 Y-91* 10000 Y-91* 10000 

Ce-141 20000 Ce-144* 10000 Ce-144* 10000 Ce-144* 10000 

Ce-144 20000 Ce-141* 10000 Sr-89* 10000 Sr-89* 9000 

Ru-103 20000 Sr-89* 10000 Ce-141* 9000 Ce-141* 6000 

Sr-89 20000 Ru-103 9000 Ru-103 7000 Ru-103 5000 

Pr-143 7000 Pr-143* 2000 Ru-106 2000 Ru-106 2000 

La-140 7000 Ru-106 2000 Pm-147* 2000 Pm-147* 2000 

Ba-140 6000 Pm-147* 2000 Pr-143* 900 Sr-90* 600 

Ru-106 2000 La-140* 1000 La-140* 800 Cs-137 600 

Pm-147 2000 Ba-140* 1000 Ba-140* 700 Pr-143* 300 

Nd-147 2000 Sr-90* 600 Sr-90* 600 La-140* 300 

I-131 800 Cs-137 600 Cs-137 600 Ba-140* 200 

Sr-90 600 Nd-147* 200 Nd-147* 100 Te-127 100 

Cs-137 600 Te-129 200 Te-129 100 Sb-125 100 

Te-129 300 Te-127 100 Te-127 100 Te-129 80 

Te-127 300 Sb-125 100 Sb-125 100 Sn-123 40 

Sb-125 100 I-131 60 Sn-123 50 Nd-147* 40 

Eu-156 80 Sn-123 50 I-131 30 Pm-148m 30 

1957 1956, 59, 60 

Cooling: 120 days 150 days 

Radionuclide 

Relative 

activity Radionuclide 

Relative 

activity 

Nb-95 10000 Ce-144* 10000 

Zr-95 10000 Nb-95 8000 

Ce-144* 10000 Zr-95 7000 

Y-91* 9000 Y-91* 6000 

Sr-89* 6000 Sr-89* 4000 

Ce-141* 4000 Ru-103 2000 

Ru-103 4000 Pm-147* 2000 

Pm-147* 2000 Ce-141* 2000 

Ru-106 2000 Ru-106 2000 

Sr-90* 600 Sr-90* 600 

Cs-137 600 Cs-137 600 

Pr-143* 100 Sb-125 90 

Sb-125 100 Te-127 80 

Te-127 90 Te-129 30 

La-140* 90 Sn-123 30 

Ba-140* 80 Cs-134 20 

Te-129 60 Pr-123* 20 

Sn-123 40 Te-125m 20 

Cs-134 20 Eu-155* 20 

Pm-148m* 20 La-140 20 

Eu-155* 20 Ba-140 20 

* Would have been detected by the fission product urinalysis after 1947. 

All activity data obtained from ORIGEN 2 code generated for the Hanford Environmental Dose Reconstruction. 

Cooling times from Heeb 1994. 
Effective Date: 11/24/2004 Revision No. 01 Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0006-5 Page 10 of 23 

For the purpose of determining default mixtures based on the fission product urinalysis, and to be 

claimant favorable, different mixtures were developed for different target organs. For simplicity and 

because the rank of radionuclides varied only a little between cooling times, the years were 

categorized into two groups. Relative abundances of radionuclides with half-lives longer than 1 year 

were doubled to account for buildup as contaminants in the workplace. 

(Assume the following absorption types: Ce type M, Y type M, Sr type F, Nb type M, Zr type M, Ru 

type F, Pm type M.) 

1944 -1955 

Bone: Calculate the intake assuming the fission product activity is 141Ce. Calculate the dose 

assuming that intake is 144Ce. Then add (in multiples of the 141Ce intake): 1.0 91Y, 0.5 89Sr, 1.5 95Nb, 

and 0.5 103Ru. 

Liver: Calculate the intake assuming the fission product activity is 141Ce. Calculate the dose 

assuming that the cerium intake is 144Ce. Then add (in multiples of the 141Ce intake: 1.5 95Nb, 1.0 91Y, 

and 0.5 103Ru. 

GI: Calculate the intake assuming the fission product activity is 141Ce. Add (in multiples of the 141Ce 

intake): 1.5 95Nb, 1.0 95Zr, 1.0 91Y, and 0.5 103Ru. 

Lung: Calculate the intake assuming the fission product activity is 141Ce. Calculate the dose 

assuming that the cerium intake is 144Ce. Add 1.5 95Nb, 1.0 95Zr, 1.0 91Y, 0.2 147Pm. 

All other organs: Calculate the intake assuming the fission product activity is 141Ce. Calculate the 

dose assuming that the cerium intake is 144Ce. Add 1.5 95Nb, 1.0 95Zr, 1.0 91Y, 0.2 147Pm. 

1956 -1960 

Bone: Calculate the intake assuming the fission product activity is 144Ce. Add (in multiples of the 

144Ce intake): 0.6 91Y, 0.4 89Sr, 0.8 95Nb, 0.1 90Sr, and 0.6 106Ru. 

Liver: Calculate the intake assuming the fission product activity is 144Ce. Add: 0.8 95Nb, 0.6 91Y, and 

0.6 106Ru. 

GI: Calculate the intake assuming the fission product activity is 144Ce. Add: 0.8 95Nb, 0.7 95Zr, 0.6 91Y, 

and 0.6 106Ru. 

Lung: Calculate the intake assuming the fission product activity is 144Ce. Add 0.8 95Nb, 0.7 95Zr, 0.6 

91Y, 0.4 147Pm. 

All other organs: Calculate the intake assuming the fission product activity is 144Ce. Add 0.8 95Nb, 0.7 

95Zr, 0.6 91Y, 0.4 147Pm. 

D.3 Tables for Chronic Intakes – Urinalyses 

The tables in this section assume 5-μm AMAD particle size distribution and other default ICRP models 

and parameters. 
Effective Date: 11/24/2004 Revision No. 01 Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0006-5 Page 11 of 23 

D.3.1 Based on Urinalyses

Table D.3.1-1. 239Pu chronic inhalation intake assessment based on unit MDA urinalysis on last day 

of the period. 

Absorption: Type M Type S 

Analytical MDA: 1dpm/d 1dpm/d 

Duration of intake Daily intake rate Cumulative intake Daily intake rate Cumulative intake 

(Years) (Days) (dpm/d) (dpm) (pCi) (dpm/d) (dpm) (pCi) 

1 365 367 1.34E+05 6.03E+04 15360 5.61E+06 2.53E+06 

2 730 256 1.87E+05 8.42E+04 7780 5.68E+06 2.56E+06 

3 1095 206 2.26E+05 1.02E+05 5180 5.67E+06 2.56E+06 

4 1461 178 2.60E+05 1.17E+05 3900 5.70E+06 2.57E+06 

5 1825 159 2.89E+05 1.30E+05 3150 5.75E+06 2.59E+06 

6 2190 145 3.18E+05 1.43E+05 2670 5.85E+06 2.63E+06 

7 2556 134 3.43E+05 1.54E+05 2330 5.96E+06 2.68E+06 

8 2922 126 3.68E+05 1.66E+05 2110 6.17E+06 2.78E+06 

9 3287 119 3.91E+05 1.76E+05 1890 6.21E+06 2.80E+06 

10 3650 114 4.15E+05 1.87E+05 1740 6.35E+06 2.86E+06 

12 4383 104.5 4.58E+05 2.06E+05 1510 6.62E+06 2.98E+06 

14 5113 97.3 4.97E+05 2.24E+05 1340 6.85E+06 3.09E+06 

15 5475 94.3 5.16E+05 2.33E+05 1280 7.01E+06 3.16E+06 

16 5844 91.5 5.35E+05 2.41E+05 1220 7.13E+06 3.21E+06 

18 6574 86.6 5.69E+05 2.56E+05 1120 7.36E+06 3.32E+06 

20 7300 82.4 6.02E+05 2.71E+05 1040 7.60E+06 3.42E+06 

25 9125 74.1 6.76E+05 3.05E+05 888 8.11E+06 3.65E+06 

30 10950 67.8 7.43E+05 3.35E+05 784 8.59E+06 3.87E+06 

35 12775 62.9 8.04E+05 3.62E+05 706 9.03E+06 4.07E+06 

40 14600 58.9 8.61E+05 3.88E+05 647 9.35E+06 4.21E+06 

45 16425 55.6 9.14E+05 4.12E+05 599 9.85E+06 4.43E+06 

50 18250 52.8 9.64E+05 4.34E+05 561 1.02E+07 4.61E+06 

Table D.3.1-2. 241Am chronic inhalation intake assessment 

based on unit MDA urinalysis on last day of the period. 

Absorption: Type M

Analytical MDA: 1 dpm/d 

Duration of intake Daily intake rate Cumulative intake 

(Years) (Days) (dpm/d) (dpm) (pCi) 

1 365 1.39E+02 5.07E+04 2.29E+04 

2 730 1.09E+02 7.96E+04 3.58E+04 

3 1095 9.40E+01 1.03E+05 4.64E+04 

4 1461 8.44E+01 1.23E+05 5.55E+04 

5 1826 7.77E+01 1.42E+05 6.39E+04 

6 2190 7.27E+01 1.59E+05 7.17E+04 

7 2556 6.88E+01 1.76E+05 7.92E+04 

8 2922 6.56E+01 1.92E+05 8.63E+04 

9 3287 6.30E+01 2.07E+05 9.33E+04 

10 3652 6.08E+01 2.22E+05 1.00E+05 

12 4383 5.71E+01 2.50E+05 1.13E+05 

14 5113 5.43E+01 2.78E+05 1.25E+05 

15 5475 5.31E+01 2.91E+05 1.31E+05 

16 5844 5.20E+01 3.04E+05 1.37E+05 

18 6574 5.00E+01 3.29E+05 1.48E+05 

20 7305 4.83E+01 3.53E+05 1.59E+05 

25 9131 4.50E+01 4.11E+05 1.85E+05 

30 10958 4.25E+01 4.66E+05 2.10E+05 

35 12784 4.05E+01 5.18E+05 2.33E+05 

40 14610 3.89E+01 5.68E+05 2.56E+05 

45 16436 3.75E+01 6.16E+05 2.78E+05 

50 18263 3.63E+01 6.63E+05 2.99E+05 
Effective Date: 11/24/2004 Revision No. 01 Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0006-5 Page 12 of 23 

Table D.3.1-3. 238Ua chronic inhalation intake assessment based on unit MDA urinalysis on last day of 

the period.a 

Absorption: Type F Type M 

Analytical MDA: 1 dpm/d 1 dpm/d 

Duration of intake Daily intake rate Cumulative intake Daily intake rate Cumulative intake 

(Years) (Days) (dpm/d) (dpm) (pCi) (dpm/d) (dpm) (pCi) 

1 365 3.68E+00 1.34E+03 6.05E+02 1.59E+01 5.80E+03 2.61E+03

2 730 3.67E+00 2.68E+03 1.21E+03 1.51E+01 1.10E+04 4.97E+03

3 1095 3.66E+00 4.01E+03 1.81E+03 1.50E+01 1.64E+04 7.40E+03

4 1461 3.65E+00 5.33E+03 2.40E+03 1.49E+01 2.18E+04 9.81E+03

5 1826 3.64E+00 6.65E+03 2.99E+03 1.49E+01 2.72E+04 1.23E+04

6 2190 3.63E+00 7.95E+03 3.58E+03 1.48E+01 3.24E+04 1.46E+04

7 2556 3.62E+00 9.25E+03 4.17E+03 1.48E+01 3.78E+04 1.70E+04

8 2922 3.62E+00 1.06E+04 4.76E+03 1.48E+01 4.32E+04 1.95E+04

9 3287 3.61E+00 1.19E+04 5.35E+03 1.48E+01 4.86E+04 2.19E+04

10 3652 3.61E+00 1.32E+04 5.94E+03 1.48E+01 5.39E+04 2.43E+04

12 4383 3.60E+00 1.58E+04 7.11E+03 1.47E+01 6.44E+04 2.90E+04

14 5113 3.59E+00 1.84E+04 8.27E+03 1.47E+01 7.52E+04 3.39E+04

15 5475 3.59E+00 1.97E+04 8.85E+03 1.47E+01 8.05E+04 3.63E+04

16 5844 3.59E+00 2.10E+04 9.45E+03 1.47E+01 8.59E+04 3.87E+04

18 6574 3.58E+00 2.35E+04 1.06E+04 1.47E+01 9.63E+04 4.34E+04

20 7305 3.58E+00 2.62E+04 1.18E+04 1.46E+01 1.07E+05 4.80E+04

25 9131 3.57E+00 3.26E+04 1.47E+04 1.46E+01 1.33E+05 6.01E+04

30 10958 3.57E+00 3.91E+04 1.76E+04 1.46E+01 1.60E+05 7.21E+04

35 12784 3.56E+00 4.55E+04 2.05E+04 1.46E+01 1.87E+05 8.41E+04

40 14610 3.56E+00 5.20E+04 2.34E+04 1.46E+01 2.13E+05 9.58E+04

45 16436 3.56E+00 5.85E+04 2.64E+04 1.45E+01 2.38E+05 1.07E+05

50 18263 3.56E+00 6.50E+04 2.93E+04 1.45E+01 2.65E+05 1.19E+05

Absorption: Type S 

Analytical MDA: 1 dpm/d 

Duration of intake Daily intake rate Cumulative intake 

(Years) (Days) (dpm/d) (dpm) (pCi) 

1 365 432 1.58E+05 7.10E+04

2 730 319 2.33E+05 1.05E+05

3 1095 268 2.93E+05 1.32E+05

4 1461 240 3.51E+05 1.58E+05

5 1826 221 4.04E+05 1.82E+05

6 2190 208 4.56E+05 2.05E+05

7 2556 199 5.09E+05 2.29E+05

8 2922 192 5.61E+05 2.53E+05

9 3287 186 6.11E+05 2.75E+05

10 3652 181 6.61E+05 2.98E+05

12 4383 174 7.63E+05 3.44E+05

14 5113 168 8.59E+05 3.87E+05

15 5475 166 9.09E+05 4.09E+05

16 5844 164 9.58E+05 4.32E+05

18 6574 160 1.05E+06 4.74E+05

20 7305 157 1.15E+06 5.17E+05

25 9131 151 1.38E+06 6.21E+05

30 10958 147 1.61E+06 7.26E+05

35 12784 144 1.84E+06 8.29E+05

40 14610 142 2.07E+06 9.35E+05

45 16436 140 2.30E+06 1.04E+06

50 18263 139 2.54E+06 1.14E+06

a. Same results can be used for U-235, U-234, or gross uranium alpha results. Total intake of uranium isotopes will have 

to be adjusted depending on the enrichment of the uranium (e.g., depleted, natural, enriched) and the result from the 

analytical method (specific isotope, gross alpha, or total mass). 
Effective Date: 11/24/2004 Revision No. 01 Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0006-5 Page 13 of 23 

For depleted uranium results expressed in μg/L, the equivalence between μg/L and dpm/d of 238U is 

close enough to substitute one for the other. Other handy conversions include (assuming daily 

excretion of 1.4 L): 

One μg/L of depleted uranium = 1.2 dpm/d of total uranium activity 

One μg/L of natural uranium is essentially equal to 1 dpm/day of 238U 

One μg/L of natural uranium = 2.2 dpm/d of total uranium activity 

One μg/L of natural uranium = 1.1 dpm/d of 234U. 

Table D.3.1-3 includes absorption types F and M, for which the urinary excretion essentially reaches 

equilibrium instead of steadily increasing. For radionuclides and absorption types that reach 

equilibrium quickly, a series of less-than-MDA results would imply that actual excretion was not at or 

just below the MDA, otherwise nearly 50% of the sample results would exceed the MDA. In these 

situations, one-half of the MDA should be used. However, if the MDAs changed throughout the 

history of a worker’s monitoring, the daily intake rate and cumulative intake will have to be calculated 

separately for each period of different MDAs, and the overall cumulative intake becomes the addition 

of the cumulative intakes for the various periods. 

So for plutonium, americium, thorium, 154Eu and type S uranium, the MDA of the last few samples is 

the most important. For most other radionuclides (i.e., the ones that reach equilibrium quickly), the 

chronic intake calculation must be adjusted for each MDA and for each period the MDA was in effect 

throughout the period of concern for the worker. 

Tritium reaches equilibrium very rapidly (within 2 months) so a table is not needed. An intake rate of 

6.09 x 106 dpm/d (2.74 μCi/d) will produce a daily urinary excretion of 1 μCi/L (ICRP 1997, table 

A.1.10). 

Table D.3.1-4. 90Sr chronic inhalation intake assessment 

based on unit MDA urinalysis on last day of the period. 

Absorption: Type F

Analytical MDA: 1 dpm/d

Duration of intake Daily intake rate Cumulative intake 

(Years) (Days) (dpm/d) (dpm) (pCi) 

1 365 4.41 1.61E+03 7.25E-01 

2 730 4.33 3.16E+03 1.42 

3 1095 4.28 4.69E+03 2.11 

4 1461 4.25 6.21E+03 2.80 

5 1826 4.21 7.69E+03 3.46 

6 2190 4.19 9.18E+03 4.13 

7 2556 4.17 1.07E+04 4.80 

8 2922 4.15 1.21E+04 5.46 

9 3287 4.13 1.36E+04 6.12 

10 3652 4.12 1.50E+04 6.78 

12 4383 4.10 1.80E+04 8.09 

14 5113 4.10 2.10E+04 9.44 

16 5844 4.06 2.37E+04 1.07E+01 

18 6574 4.05 2.66E+04 1.20E+01 

20 7305 4.04 2.95E+04 1.33E+01 

25 9131 4.03 3.68E+04 1.66E+01 

30 10958 4.02 4.41E+04 1.98E+01 

35 12784 4.01 5.13E+04 2.31E+01 

40 14610 4.00 5.84E+04 2.63E+01 

45 16436 4.00 6.57E+04 2.96E+01 

50 18263 4.00 7.31E+04 3.29E+01 
Effective Date: 11/24/2004 Revision No. 01 Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0006-5 Page 14 of 23 

Table D.3.1-5. 144Ce chronic inhalation intake assessment based on unit MDA urinalysis on last day 

of the perioda

. 

Absorption Type M Type S 

Analytical MDA: 1 dpm/d 1 dpm/d 

Duration of intake Daily intake rate Cumulative intake Daily intake rate Cumulative intake 

(Years) (Days) (dpm/d) (dpm) (pCi) (dpm/d) (dpm) (pCi) 

1 365 4.64E+03 1.69E+06 7.63E+05 1.93E+05 7.04E+07 3.17E+07 

2 730 3.09E+03 2.26E+06 1.02E+06 1.10E+05 8.03E+07 3.62E+07 

3 1095 2.74E+03 3.00E+06 1.35E+06 8.96E+04 9.81E+07 4.42E+07 

4 1461 2.62E+03 3.83E+06 1.72E+06 8.25E+04 1.21E+08 5.43E+07 

5 1826 2.58E+03 4.71E+06 2.12E+06 7.97E+04 1.46E+08 6.56E+07 

6 2190 2.57E+03 5.63E+06 2.54E+06 7.86E+04 1.72E+08 7.75E+07 

7 2556 2.56E+03 6.54E+06 2.95E+06 7.82E+04 2.00E+08 9.00E+07 

8 2922 2.56E+03 7.48E+06 3.37E+06 7.80E+04 2.28E+08 1.03E+08 

9 3287 2.56E+03 8.41E+06 3.79E+06 7.79E+04 2.56E+08 1.15E+08 

10 3652 2.56E+03 9.35E+06 4.21E+06 7.79E+04 2.84E+08 1.28E+08 

12 4383 2.56E+03 1.12E+07 5.05E+06 7.79E+04 3.41E+08 1.54E+08 

14 5113 2.56E+03 1.31E+07 5.90E+06 7.79E+04 3.98E+08 1.79E+08 

16 5844 2.56E+03 1.50E+07 6.74E+06 7.79E+04 4.55E+08 2.05E+08 

18 6574 2.56E+03 1.68E+07 7.58E+06 7.79E+04 5.12E+08 2.31E+08 

20 7305 2.56E+03 1.87E+07 8.42E+06 7.79E+04 5.69E+08 2.56E+08 

25 9131 2.56E+03 2.34E+07 1.05E+07 7.79E+04 7.11E+08 3.20E+08 

a. For use with the fission product urinalysis procedure. See also 144Ce for whole body counts. 

Table D.3.1-6. 141Ce chronic inhalation intake assessment based on unit MDA urinalysis on last day 

of the perioda

. 

Absorption Type M Type S 

Analytical MDA: 1 dpm/d 1 dpm/d 

Duration of intake Daily intake rate Cumulative intake Daily intake rate Cumulative intake 

(Years) (Days) (dpm/d) (dpm) (pCi) (dpm/d) (dpm) (pCi) 

1 365 3.03E+04 1.11E+07 4.98E+06 1.55E+06 5.66E+08 2.55E+08 

2 730 3.03E+04 2.21E+07 9.96E+06 1.55E+06 1.13E+09 5.10E+08 

3 1095 3.03E+04 3.32E+07 1.49E+07 1.54E+06 1.69E+09 7.60E+08 

4 1461 3.03E+04 4.43E+07 1.99E+07 1.54E+06 2.25E+09 1.01E+09 

5 1826 3.03E+04 5.53E+07 2.49E+07 1.54E+06 2.81E+09 1.27E+09 

6 2190 3.03E+04 6.64E+07 2.99E+07 1.54E+06 3.37E+09 1.52E+09 

7 2556 3.03E+04 7.74E+07 3.49E+07 1.54E+06 3.94E+09 1.77E+09 

8 2922 3.03E+04 8.85E+07 3.99E+07 1.54E+06 4.50E+09 2.03E+09 

9 3287 3.03E+04 9.96E+07 4.49E+07 1.54E+06 5.06E+09 2.28E+09 

10 3652 3.03E+04 1.11E+08 4.98E+07 1.54E+06 5.62E+09 2.53E+09 

12 4383 3.03E+04 1.33E+08 5.98E+07 1.54E+06 6.75E+09 3.04E+09 

14 5113 3.03E+04 1.55E+08 6.98E+07 1.54E+06 7.87E+09 3.55E+09 

16 5844 3.03E+04 1.77E+08 7.98E+07 1.54E+06 9.00E+09 4.05E+09 

18 6574 3.03E+04 1.99E+08 8.97E+07 1.54E+06 1.01E+10 4.56E+09 

20 7305 3.03E+04 2.21E+08 9.97E+07 1.54E+06 1.12E+10 5.07E+09 

25 9131 3.03E+04 2.77E+08 1.25E+08 1.54E+06 1.41E+10 6.33E+09 

a. For use with the fission product urinalysis procedure. See also 141Ce for whole body counts. 
Effective Date: 11/24/2004 Revision No. 01 Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0006-5 Page 15 of 23 

Table D.3.1-7. 147Pm chronic inhalation intake assessment based on unit MDA urinalysis on last day 

of the period. 

Absorption Type M Type S

Analytical MDA: 1 dpm/d 1 dpm/d 

Duration of intake Daily intake rate Cumulative intake Daily intake rate Cumulative intake 

(Years) (Days) (dpm/d) (dpm) (pCi) (dpm/d) (dpm) (pCi) 

1 365 2.43E+02 8.87E+04 4.00E+04 8.69E+03 3.17E+06 1.43E+06 

2 730 1.84E+02 1.34E+05 6.05E+04 5.31E+03 3.88E+06 1.75E+06 

3 1095 1.58E+02 1.73E+05 7.79E+04 4.03E+03 4.42E+06 1.99E+06 

4 1461 1.44E+02 2.10E+05 9.48E+04 3.39E+03 4.95E+06 2.23E+06 

5 1826 1.35E+02 2.47E+05 1.11E+05 3.02E+03 5.51E+06 2.48E+06 

6 2190 1.30E+02 2.85E+05 1.28E+05 2.79E+03 6.11E+06 2.75E+06 

7 2556 1.26E+02 3.22E+05 1.45E+05 2.64E+03 6.74E+06 3.03E+06 

8 2922 1.23E+02 3.59E+05 1.62E+05 2.53E+03 7.40E+06 3.33E+06 

9 3287 1.22E+02 4.01E+05 1.81E+05 2.46E+03 8.09E+06 3.64E+06 

10 3652 1.20E+02 4.38E+05 1.97E+05 2.41E+03 8.80E+06 3.96E+06 

12 4383 1.19E+02 5.22E+05 2.35E+05 2.35E+03 1.03E+07 4.63E+06 

14 5113 1.18E+02 6.03E+05 2.72E+05 2.31E+03 1.18E+07 5.33E+06 

16 5844 1.18E+02 6.90E+05 3.11E+05 2.30E+03 1.34E+07 6.05E+06 

18 6574 1.18E+02 7.76E+05 3.49E+05 2.29E+03 1.50E+07 6.77E+06 

20 7305 1.18E+02 8.62E+05 3.88E+05 2.28E+03 1.67E+07 7.51E+06 

25 9131 1.18E+02 1.08E+06 4.85E+05 2.28E+03 2.08E+07 9.37E+06 

Table D.3.1-8. 210Po chronic inhalation intake assessment 

based on unit MDA urinalysis on last day of the period. 

Absorption: Type M

Analytical MDA: 1 dpm/d 

Duration of intake Daily intake rate Cumulative intake 

(Years) (Days) (dpm/d) (dpm) (pCi) 

1 365 4.67E+01 1.70E+04 7.67E+03 

2 730 4.63E+01 3.38E+04 1.52E+04 

3 1095 4.62E+01 5.06E+04 2.28E+04 

4 1461 4.62E+01 6.76E+04 3.04E+04 

5 1826 4.62E+01 8.44E+04 3.80E+04 

6 2190 4.62E+01 1.01E+05 4.56E+04 

7 2556 4.62E+01 1.18E+05 5.32E+04 

8 2922 4.62E+01 1.35E+05 6.09E+04 

9 3287 4.62E+01 1.52E+05 6.85E+04 

10 3652 4.62E+01 1.69E+05 7.61E+04 

12 4383 4.62E+01 2.03E+05 9.13E+04 

14 5113 4.62E+01 2.36E+05 1.06E+05 

16 5844 4.62E+01 2.70E+05 1.22E+05 

18 6574 4.62E+01 3.04E+05 1.37E+05 

20 7305 4.62E+01 3.38E+05 1.52E+05 

25 9131 4.62E+01 4.22E+05 1.90E+05 
Effective Date: 11/24/2004 Revision No. 01 Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0006-5 Page 16 of 23 

D.3.2 Based on Whole Body Counts

Table D.3.2-1. 137Cs chronic inhalation intake assessment 

based on unit MDA whole body count on last day of the 

period. 

Absorption: Type F

Analytical MDA: 1 nCi 

Duration of intake Daily intake rate Cumulative intake 

(Years) (Days) (dpm/d) (dpm) (pCi) 

1 365 35.7 1.30E+04 5.87E+03 

2 730 32.6 2.38E+04 1.07E+04 

3 1095 32.3 3.54E+04 1.59E+04 

4 1461 32.2 4.70E+04 2.12E+04 

5 1826 32.2 5.88E+04 2.65E+04 

6 2190 32.2 7.05E+04 3.18E+04 

7 2556 32.2 8.23E+04 3.71E+04 

8 2922 32.2 9.41E+04 4.24E+04 

9 3287 32.2 1.06E+05 4.77E+04 

10 3652 32.2 1.18E+05 5.30E+04 

12 4383 32.2 1.41E+05 6.36E+04 

14 5113 32.2 1.65E+05 7.42E+04 

16 5844 32.2 1.88E+05 8.48E+04 

18 6574 32.2 2.12E+05 9.54E+04 

20 7305 32.2 2.35E+05 1.06E+05 

25 9131 32.2 2.94E+05 1.32E+05 

30 10958 32.2 3.53E+05 1.59E+05 

35 12784 32.2 4.12E+05 1.85E+05 

40 14610 32.2 4.70E+05 2.12E+05 

45 16436 32.2 5.29E+05 2.38E+05 

50 18263 32.2 5.88E+05 2.65E+05 

Table D.3.2-2. 144Ce chronic inhalation intake assessment based on unit MDA whole body count on 

last day of the period. 

Absorption Type M Type S 

Analytical MDA: 1 nCi 1 nCi 

Duration of intake Daily intake rate Cumulative intake Daily intake rate Cumulative intake 

(Years) (Days) (dpm/d) (dpm) (pCi) (dpm/d) (dpm) (pCi) 

1 365 1.32E+02 4.82E+04 2.17E+04 2.15E+02 7.85E+04 3.53E+04

2 730 9.88E+01 7.21E+04 3.25E+04 1.73E+02 1.26E+05 5.69E+04

3 1095 9.02E+01 9.88E+04 4.45E+04 1.63E+02 1.78E+05 8.04E+04

4 1461 8.73E+01 1.28E+05 5.75E+04 1.60E+02 2.34E+05 1.05E+05

5 1826 8.62E+01 1.57E+05 7.09E+04 1.59E+02 2.90E+05 1.31E+05

6 2190 8.58E+01 1.88E+05 8.46E+04 1.59E+02 3.48E+05 1.57E+05

7 2556 8.57E+01 2.23E+05 1.01E+05 1.59E+02 4.09E+05 1.84E+05

8 2922 8.56E+01 2.50E+05 1.13E+05 1.58E+02 4.62E+05 2.08E+05

9 3287 8.56E+01 2.81E+05 1.27E+05 1.58E+02 5.19E+05 2.34E+05

10 3652 8.56E+01 3.13E+05 1.41E+05 1.58E+02 5.77E+05 2.60E+05

12 4383 8.56E+01 3.75E+05 1.69E+05 1.58E+02 6.93E+05 3.12E+05

14 5113 8.56E+01 4.38E+05 1.97E+05 1.58E+02 8.08E+05 3.64E+05

16 5844 8.56E+01 5.00E+05 2.25E+05 1.58E+02 9.23E+05 4.16E+05

18 6574 8.56E+01 5.63E+05 2.53E+05 1.58E+02 1.04E+06 4.68E+05

20 7305 8.56E+01 6.25E+05 2.82E+05 1.58E+02 1.15E+06 5.20E+05

25 9131 8.56E+01 7.82E+05 3.52E+05 1.58E+02 1.44E+06 6.50E+05

30 10958 8.56E+01 9.38E+05 4.23E+05 1.58E+02 1.73E+06 7.80E+05
Effective Date: 11/24/2004 Revision No. 01 Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0006-5 Page 17 of 23 

Table D.3.2-3. 141Ce chronic inhalation intake assessment based on unit MDA whole body count on 

last day of the period. 

Absorption Type M Type S 

Analytical MDA: 1 nCi 1 nCi 

Duration of intake Daily intake rate Cumulative intake Daily intake rate Cumulative intake 

(Years) (Days) (dpm/d) (dpm) (pCi) (dpm/d) (dpm) (pCi) 

1 365 4.95E+02 1.81E+05 8.14E+04 6.54E+02 2.39E+05 1.08E+05

2 730 4.95E+02 3.61E+05 1.63E+05 6.54E+02 4.77E+05 2.15E+05

3 1095 4.95E+02 5.42E+05 2.44E+05 6.54E+02 7.16E+05 3.23E+05

4 1461 4.95E+02 7.23E+05 3.26E+05 6.54E+02 9.55E+05 4.30E+05

5 1826 4.95E+02 9.04E+05 4.07E+05 6.54E+02 1.19E+06 5.38E+05

6 2190 4.95E+02 1.08E+06 4.88E+05 6.54E+02 1.43E+06 6.45E+05

7 2556 4.95E+02 1.27E+06 5.70E+05 6.54E+02 1.67E+06 7.53E+05

8 2922 4.95E+02 1.45E+06 6.52E+05 6.54E+02 1.91E+06 8.61E+05

9 3287 4.95E+02 1.63E+06 7.33E+05 6.54E+02 2.15E+06 9.68E+05

10 3652 4.95E+02 1.81E+06 8.14E+05 6.54E+02 2.39E+06 1.08E+06

12 4383 4.95E+02 2.17E+06 9.77E+05 6.54E+02 2.87E+06 1.29E+06

14 5113 4.95E+02 2.53E+06 1.14E+06 6.54E+02 3.34E+06 1.51E+06

16 5844 4.95E+02 2.89E+06 1.30E+06 6.54E+02 3.82E+06 1.72E+06

18 6574 4.95E+02 3.25E+06 1.47E+06 6.54E+02 4.30E+06 1.94E+06

20 7305 4.95E+02 3.62E+06 1.63E+06 6.54E+02 4.78E+06 2.15E+06

25 9131 4.95E+02 4.52E+06 2.04E+06 6.54E+02 5.97E+06 2.69E+06

30 10958 4.95E+02 5.42E+06 2.44E+06 6.54E+02 7.17E+06 3.23E+06

Table D.3.2-4. 106Ru chronic inhalation intake assessment based on unit MDA whole body count on 

last day of the period.

Absorption: Type F Type S 

Analytical MDA: 1 nCi 1 nCi 

Duration of intake Daily intake rate Cumulative intake Daily intake rate Cumulative intake 

(Years) (Days) (dpm/d) (dpm) (pCi) (dpm/d) (dpm) (pCi) 

1 365 1.12E+02 4.09E+04 1.84E+04 1.81E+02 6.61E+04 2.98E+04

2 730 8.81E+01 6.43E+04 2.90E+04 1.41E+02 1.03E+05 4.64E+04

3 1095 8.13E+01 8.90E+04 4.01E+04 1.30E+02 1.42E+05 6.41E+04

4 1461 7.89E+01 1.15E+05 5.19E+04 1.26E+02 1.84E+05 8.29E+04

5 1826 7.81E+01 1.43E+05 6.42E+04 1.25E+02 2.28E+05 1.03E+05

6 2190 7.77E+01 1.70E+05 7.67E+04 1.24E+02 2.72E+05 1.22E+05

7 2556 7.76E+01 2.02E+05 9.08E+04 1.24E+02 3.22E+05 1.45E+05

8 2922 7.75E+01 2.26E+05 1.02E+05 1.24E+02 3.62E+05 1.63E+05

9 3287 7.75E+01 2.55E+05 1.15E+05 1.24E+02 4.08E+05 1.84E+05

10 3652 7.75E+01 2.83E+05 1.27E+05 1.24E+02 4.53E+05 2.04E+05

12 4383 7.75E+01 3.40E+05 1.53E+05 1.24E+02 5.43E+05 2.45E+05

14 5113 7.75E+01 3.96E+05 1.78E+05 1.24E+02 6.34E+05 2.86E+05

16 5844 7.75E+01 4.53E+05 2.04E+05 1.24E+02 7.25E+05 3.26E+05

18 6574 7.75E+01 5.09E+05 2.29E+05 1.24E+02 8.15E+05 3.67E+05

20 7305 7.75E+01 5.66E+05 2.55E+05 1.24E+02 9.06E+05 4.08E+05

25 9131 7.75E+01 7.08E+05 3.19E+05 1.24E+02 1.13E+06 5.10E+05

30 10958 7.75E+01 8.49E+05 3.83E+05 1.24E+02 1.36E+06 6.12E+05
Effective Date: 11/24/2004 Revision No. 01 Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0006-5 Page 18 of 23 

Table D.3.2-5. 60Co chronic inhalation intake assessment based on unit MDA whole body count on 

last day of the period. 

Absorption: Type M Type S 

Analytical MDA: 1 nCia 1 nCia

Duration of intake Daily intake rate Cumulative intake Daily intake rate Cumulative intake 

(Years) (Days) (dpm/d) (dpm) (pCi) (dpm/d) (dpm) (pCi) 

1 365 2.10E+02 7.67E+04 3.45E+04 1.57E+02 5.73E+04 2.58E+04

2 730 1.69E+02 1.23E+05 5.56E+04 1.04E+02 7.59E+04 3.42E+04

3 1095 1.53E+02 1.68E+05 7.55E+04 8.48E+01 9.29E+04 4.18E+04

4 1461 1.45E+02 2.12E+05 9.54E+04 7.59E+01 1.11E+05 5.00E+04

5 1826 1.40E+02 2.56E+05 1.15E+05 7.08E+01 1.29E+05 5.82E+04

6 2190 1.37E+02 3.00E+05 1.35E+05 6.78E+01 1.48E+05 6.69E+04

7 2556 1.35E+02 3.71E+05 1.67E+05 6.58E+01 1.94E+05 8.74E+04

8 2922 1.34E+02 3.92E+05 1.76E+05 6.44E+01 1.88E+05 8.48E+04

9 3287 1.33E+02 4.37E+05 1.97E+05 6.34E+01 2.08E+05 9.39E+04

10 3652 1.33E+02 4.86E+05 2.19E+05 6.26E+01 2.29E+05 1.03E+05

12 4383 1.32E+02 5.79E+05 2.61E+05 6.17E+01 2.70E+05 1.22E+05

14 5113 1.32E+02 6.75E+05 3.04E+05 6.11E+01 3.12E+05 1.41E+05

16 5844 1.32E+02 7.71E+05 3.47E+05 6.07E+01 3.55E+05 1.60E+05

18 6574 1.32E+02 8.68E+05 3.91E+05 6.04E+01 3.97E+05 1.79E+05

20 7305 1.32E+02 9.64E+05 4.34E+05 6.03E+01 4.40E+05 1.98E+05

25 9131 1.32E+02 1.21E+06 5.43E+05 6.01E+01 5.49E+05 2.47E+05

30 10958 1.32E+02 1.45E+06 6.52E+05 6.00E+01 6.57E+05 2.96E+05

35 12784 1.32E+02 1.69E+06 7.60E+05 6.00E+01 7.67E+05 3.46E+05

40 14610 1.32E+02 1.93E+06 8.69E+05 5.99E+01 8.75E+05 3.94E+05

45 16436 1.32E+02 2.17E+06 9.77E+05 5.99E+01 9.85E+05 4.43E+05

50 18263 1.32E+02 2.41E+06 1.09E+06 5.99E+01 1.09E+06 4.93E+05

Table D.3.2-6. 51Cr chronic inhalation intake assessment based on unit MDA whole body count on 

last day of the period. 

Absorption: Type F Type S 

Analytical MDA: 1 nCia 1 nCia

Duration of intake Daily intake rate Cumulative intake Daily intake rate Cumulative intake 

(Years) (Days) (dpm/d) (dpm) (pCi) (dpm/d) (dpm) (pCi) 

1 365 4.80E+02 1.75E+05 7.89E+04 6.22E+02 2.27E+05 1.02E+05

2 730 4.80E+02 3.50E+05 1.58E+05 6.22E+02 4.54E+05 2.04E+05

3 1095 4.80E+02 5.25E+05 2.37E+05 6.22E+02 6.81E+05 3.07E+05

4 1461 4.80E+02 7.01E+05 3.16E+05 6.22E+02 9.08E+05 4.09E+05

5 1826 4.80E+02 8.76E+05 3.95E+05 6.22E+02 1.14E+06 5.11E+05

6 2190 4.80E+02 1.05E+06 4.73E+05 6.22E+02 1.36E+06 6.13E+05

7 2556 4.80E+02 1.23E+06 5.52E+05 6.22E+02 1.59E+06 7.16E+05

8 2922 4.80E+02 1.40E+06 6.31E+05 6.22E+02 1.82E+06 8.18E+05

9 3287 4.80E+02 1.58E+06 7.10E+05 6.22E+02 2.04E+06 9.21E+05

10 3652 4.80E+02 1.75E+06 7.89E+05 6.22E+02 2.27E+06 1.02E+06

12 4383 4.80E+02 2.10E+06 9.47E+05 6.22E+02 2.73E+06 1.23E+06

14 5113 4.80E+02 2.45E+06 1.10E+06 6.22E+02 3.18E+06 1.43E+06

16 5844 4.80E+02 2.80E+06 1.26E+06 6.22E+02 3.63E+06 1.64E+06

18 6574 4.80E+02 3.15E+06 1.42E+06 6.22E+02 4.09E+06 1.84E+06

20 7305 4.80E+02 3.50E+06 1.58E+06 6.22E+02 4.54E+06 2.05E+06
Effective Date: 11/24/2004 Revision No. 01 Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0006-5 Page 19 of 23 

Table D.3.2-7. 54Mn chronic inhalation intake assessment 

based on unit MDA whole body count on last day of the 

period. 

Absorption: Type F 

Analytical MDA: 1 nCi 

Duration of intake Daily intake 

rate 

Cumulative intake 

(Years) (Days) (dpm/d) (dpm) (pCi) 

1 365 1.81E+02 6.61E+04 2.98E+04 

2 730 1.81E+02 1.32E+05 5.95E+04 

3 1095 1.81E+02 1.98E+05 8.93E+04 

4 1461 1.81E+02 2.64E+05 1.19E+05 

5 1826 1.81E+02 3.31E+05 1.49E+05 

6 2190 1.81E+02 3.96E+05 1.79E+05 

7 2556 1.81E+02 4.63E+05 2.08E+05 

8 2922 1.81E+02 5.29E+05 2.38E+05 

9 3287 1.81E+02 5.95E+05 2.68E+05 

10 3652 1.81E+02 6.61E+05 2.98E+05 

12 4383 1.81E+02 7.93E+05 3.57E+05 

14 5113 1.81E+02 9.25E+05 4.17E+05 

16 5844 1.81E+02 1.06E+06 4.76E+05 

18 6574 1.81E+02 1.19E+06 5.36E+05 

20 7305 1.81E+02 1.32E+06 5.96E+05 

25 9131 1.81E+02 1.65E+06 7.44E+05 

30 10958 1.81E+02 1.98E+06 8.93E+05 

35 12784 1.81E+02 2.31E+06 1.04E+06 

40 14610 1.81E+02 2.64E+06 1.19E+06 

45 16436 1.81E+02 2.97E+06 1.34E+06 

50 18263 1.81E+02 3.31E+06 1.49E+06 

Table D.3.2-8. 59Fe chronic inhalation intake assessment 

based on unit MDA whole body count on last day of the 

period. 

Absorption: Type F 

Analytical MDA: 1 nCi 

Duration of intake Daily intake rate Cumulative intake 

(Years) (Days) (dpm/d) (dpm) (pCi) 

1 365 1.13E+02 4.12E+04 1.86E+04 

2 730 1.13E+02 8.25E+04 3.72E+04 

3 1095 1.13E+02 1.24E+05 5.57E+04 

4 1461 1.13E+02 1.65E+05 7.44E+04 

5 1826 1.13E+02 2.06E+05 9.29E+04 

6 2190 1.13E+02 2.47E+05 1.11E+05 

7 2556 1.13E+02 2.89E+05 1.30E+05 

8 2922 1.13E+02 3.30E+05 1.49E+05 

9 3287 1.13E+02 3.71E+05 1.67E+05 

10 3652 1.13E+02 4.13E+05 1.86E+05 

12 4383 1.13E+02 4.95E+05 2.23E+05 

14 5113 1.13E+02 5.78E+05 2.60E+05 

16 5844 1.13E+02 6.60E+05 2.97E+05 

18 6574 1.13E+02 7.43E+05 3.35E+05 

20 7305 1.13E+02 8.25E+05 3.72E+05 

25 9131 1.13E+02 1.03E+06 4.65E+05 

30 10958 1.13E+02 1.24E+06 5.58E+05 

35 12784 1.13E+02 1.44E+06 6.51E+05 

40 14610 1.13E+02 1.65E+06 7.44E+05 

45 16436 1.13E+02 1.86E+06 8.37E+05 

50 18263 1.13E+02 2.06E+06 9.30E+05 
Effective Date: 11/24/2004 Revision No. 01 Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0006-5 Page 20 of 23 

Table D.3.2-9. 154Eu chronic inhalation intake assessment 

based on unit MDA whole body count on last day of the 

period. 

Absorption : Type M 

Analytical MDA: 1 nCi 

Duration of intake Daily intake rate Cumulative intake 

(Years) (Days) (dpm/d) (dpm) (pCi) 

1 365 1.10E+02 4.02E+04 1.81E+04 

2 730 6.34E+01 4.63E+04 2.08E+04 

3 1095 4.66E+01 5.10E+04 2.30E+04 

4 1461 3.80E+01 5.55E+04 2.50E+04 

5 1826 3.28E+01 5.99E+04 2.70E+04 

6 2190 2.93E+01 6.42E+04 2.89E+04 

7 2556 2.69E+01 9.71E+04 4.38E+04 

8 2922 2.51E+01 7.33E+04 3.30E+04 

9 3287 2.37E+01 7.79E+04 3.51E+04 

10 3652 2.27E+01 8.29E+04 3.73E+04 

12 4383 2.12E+01 9.29E+04 4.19E+04 

14 5113 2.02E+01 1.03E+05 4.65E+04 

16 5844 1.95E+01 1.14E+05 5.13E+04 

18 6574 1.90E+01 1.25E+05 5.63E+04 

20 7305 1.87E+01 1.37E+05 6.15E+04 

25 9131 1.82E+01 1.66E+05 7.49E+04 

30 10958 1.80E+01 1.97E+05 8.88E+04 

35 12784 1.79E+01 2.29E+05 1.03E+05 

40 14610 1.79E+01 2.62E+05 1.18E+05 

45 16436 1.78E+01 2.93E+05 1.32E+05 

50 18263 1.78E+01 3.25E+05 1.46E+05 

Table D.3.2-10. 95Nb chronic inhalation intake assessment based on unit MDA whole body count on 

last day of the period. 

Absorption: Type M Type S 

Analytical MDA: 1 nCia 1 nCia

Duration of intake Daily intake rate Cumulative intake Daily intake rate Cumulative intake 

(Years) (Days) (dpm/d) (dpm) (pCi) (dpm/d) (dpm) (pCi) 

1 365 5.68E+02 2.07E+05 9.33E+04 6.11E+02 2.23E+05 1.00E+05

2 730 5.67E+02 4.14E+05 1.86E+05 6.11E+02 4.46E+05 2.01E+05

3 1095 5.67E+02 6.21E+05 2.80E+05 6.11E+02 6.69E+05 3.01E+05

4 1461 5.67E+02 8.28E+05 3.73E+05 6.11E+02 8.93E+05 4.02E+05

5 1826 5.67E+02 1.04E+06 4.66E+05 6.11E+02 1.12E+06 5.03E+05

6 2190 5.67E+02 1.24E+06 5.59E+05 6.11E+02 1.34E+06 6.03E+05

7 2556 5.67E+02 1.45E+06 6.53E+05 6.11E+02 1.56E+06 7.03E+05

8 2922 5.67E+02 1.66E+06 7.46E+05 6.11E+02 1.79E+06 8.04E+05

9 3287 5.67E+02 1.86E+06 8.40E+05 6.11E+02 2.01E+06 9.05E+05

10 3652 5.67E+02 2.07E+06 9.33E+05 6.11E+02 2.23E+06 1.01E+06

12 4383 5.67E+02 2.49E+06 1.12E+06 6.11E+02 2.68E+06 1.21E+06

14 5113 5.67E+02 2.90E+06 1.31E+06 6.11E+02 3.12E+06 1.41E+06

16 5844 5.67E+02 3.31E+06 1.49E+06 6.11E+02 3.57E+06 1.61E+06

18 6574 5.67E+02 3.73E+06 1.68E+06 6.11E+02 4.02E+06 1.81E+06

20 7305 5.67E+02 4.14E+06 1.87E+06 6.11E+02 4.46E+06 2.01E+06

25 9131 5.67E+02 5.18E+06 2.33E+06 6.11E+02 5.58E+06 2.51E+06

30 10958 5.67E+02 6.21E+06 2.80E+06 6.11E+02 6.70E+06 3.02E+06

35 12784 5.67E+02 7.25E+06 3.27E+06 6.11E+02 7.81E+06 3.52E+06

40 14610 5.67E+02 8.28E+06 3.73E+06 6.11E+02 8.93E+06 4.02E+06

45 16436 5.67E+02 9.32E+06 4.20E+06 6.11E+02 1.00E+07 4.52E+06

50 18263 5.67E+02 1.04E+07 4.66E+06 6.11E+02 1.12E+07 5.03E+06
Effective Date: 11/24/2004 Revision No. 01 Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0006-5 Page 21 of 23 

a. Use most sensitive analysis for either 95Nb or 95Zr, then assume equal intake of the other

Table D.3.2-11. 95Zr chronic inhalation intake assessment based on unit MDA whole body count on 

last day of the period. 

Absorption: Type F Type M 

Analytical MDA: 1 nCia 1 nCia

Duration of intake Daily intake rate Cumulative intake Daily intake rate Cumulative intake 

(Years) (Days) (dpm/d) (dpm) (pCi) (dpm/d) (dpm) (pCi) 

1 365 1.51E+02 5.51E+04 2.48E+04 3.84E+02 1.40E+05 6.31E+04

2 730 1.48E+02 1.08E+05 4.87E+04 3.81E+02 2.78E+05 1.25E+05

3 1095 1.48E+02 1.62E+05 7.30E+04 3.81E+02 4.17E+05 1.88E+05

4 1461 1.48E+02 2.16E+05 9.74E+04 3.81E+02 5.57E+05 2.51E+05

5 1826 1.48E+02 2.70E+05 1.22E+05 3.81E+02 6.96E+05 3.13E+05

6 2190 1.48E+02 3.24E+05 1.46E+05 3.81E+02 8.34E+05 3.76E+05

7 2556 1.48E+02 3.78E+05 1.70E+05 3.81E+02 9.74E+05 4.39E+05

8 2922 1.48E+02 4.32E+05 1.95E+05 3.81E+02 1.11E+06 5.01E+05

9 3287 1.48E+02 4.86E+05 2.19E+05 3.81E+02 1.25E+06 5.64E+05

10 3652 1.48E+02 5.40E+05 2.43E+05 3.81E+02 1.39E+06 6.27E+05

12 4383 1.48E+02 6.49E+05 2.92E+05 3.81E+02 1.67E+06 7.52E+05

14 5113 1.48E+02 7.57E+05 3.41E+05 3.81E+02 1.95E+06 8.78E+05

16 5844 1.48E+02 8.65E+05 3.90E+05 3.81E+02 2.23E+06 1.00E+06

18 6574 1.48E+02 9.73E+05 4.38E+05 3.81E+02 2.50E+06 1.13E+06

20 7305 1.48E+02 1.08E+06 4.87E+05 3.81E+02 2.78E+06 1.25E+06

25 9131 1.48E+02 1.35E+06 6.09E+05 3.81E+02 3.48E+06 1.57E+06

30 10958 1.48E+02 1.62E+06 7.31E+05 3.81E+02 4.17E+06 1.88E+06

35 12784 1.48E+02 1.89E+06 8.52E+05 3.81E+02 4.87E+06 2.19E+06

40 14610 1.48E+02 2.16E+06 9.74E+05 3.81E+02 5.57E+06 2.51E+06

45 16436 1.48E+02 2.43E+06 1.10E+06 3.81E+02 6.26E+06 2.82E+06

50 18263 1.48E+02 2.70E+06 1.22E+06 3.81E+02 6.96E+06 3.13E+06

a. Use most sensitive analysis for either 95Zr or 95Nb, then assume equal intake of the other

D.4 Tolerance Dose and Tolerance Values at Hanford 

Various health physics textbooks and histories document the history of the tolerance dose. The brief 

description below was extracted from Jacob Shapiro’s textbook (Shapiro 1981) and from Radiation 

Protection Criteria and Standards: Their Basis and Use (Parker 1960). Herbert M. Parker was the 

manager of the radiation protection activities at the start of Hanford and eventually became the 

manager of the Hanford Laboratories. 

The tolerance dose was based on a rate of radiation exposure that produced no obvious harm. The 

basis for harm changed as understanding of health effects of radiation improved. 

The first tolerance dose was established in 1934 by the International X-ray and Radium Protection 

Commission as 0.2 R/day. In 1936 the US Advisory Committee on X-ray and Radium Protection 

reduced the tolerance dose to 0.1 R/day. This value was used at the Manhattan Project Sites during 

World War II. For instance, Parker states that in 1945 the values accepted as a working basis for 

occupational exposure were: 

• 100 mr/day for external X and gamma radiation 

• 10-14 curies/cc for radon in air of working rooms 

• 0.1 μg of radium as the maximum allowable amount deposited in the body. 
Effective Date: 11/24/2004 Revision No. 01 Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0006-5 Page 22 of 23 

In 1949 the NCRP recommended that the permissible dose by reduced to 0.3 rem/week. In 1953 the 

NCRP developed maximum permissible amounts of certain radionuclides in the body and maximum 

permissible concentrations in air and water, published as National Bureau of Standards Handbook 52 

(NBS 1953). At that point tolerance values were replaced with the Maximum Permissible Body 

Burden and maximum permissible concentration. 

Hanford’s radiation protection standards were in accordance with these national and international 

standards. For instance the following are examples of the “tolerance limits for prolonged exposure” at 

Hanford in 1945 (Cantril, 1945): 

External gamma and X radiation 0.1 r per day 

External beta radiation 0.1 rep(a) per day 

Fast neutron radiation 0.02 rep per day 

Slow neutron radiation 0.025 rep per day 

Internal alpha radiation 0.01 rep per day 

Radium deposition in body 0.1 μg total accumulation 

Radioactive iodine-131 in atmosphere 1.0 x 10-13 curie per cc 

Mixed fission products in drinking water 1.2 x 10-9 curie per cc 

Product(b) concentration in drinking water 10-5 μg per cc 

Product concentration in atmosphere 5 x 10-10 μg per cc 

Product deposition in body 0.5 μg total accumulation 

Uranium dust in atmosphere 1.5 x 10-4 μg per cc 

(a) rep (roentgen equivalent physical) was a unit of dose from particulate radiation invented by 

Herbert Parker. It was a precursor to the rad. It was defined as an absorbed dose of 83 erg 

per gram of tissue and was later changed to 93 erg/g. 

(b) Product was a euphemism for plutonium. 

By March 1949 the Hanford limits had changed to incorporate the 0.3 rem per week guidance from 

the NCRP. Examples are listed below (Patterson, 1949). The letter refers to these values as 

permissible tolerances. 

External Radiation Limits 

 Whole body – 0.3 rem per week or whatever the National Committee on Radiation Protection 

recommends 

 Hands only – 1.0 rem per week or whatever the National Committee on Radiation Protection 

recommends 

Internal Emitter Limits 

 0.3 rem per week to the significant organ or whatever the National Committee on Radiation 

Protection recommends 

Drinking Water 

 Uranium – 100 μg/liter - believe this is high 

 Plutonium – 0.01 μg/liter – intend to revise to not more than 0.001 μg/liter 

 Mixed fission products – 0.1 μc* /liter – to be changed when new figure provided by K.Z. Morgen’s 

subcommittee 

Air Contamination Limits 

 Respiratory protection required 

 Uranium - >0.05 μg/liter 

 Plutonium - >2 x 10-8 μg/liter to be revised perhaps to 2 x 10-9 μg/liter 

 Mixed fission products - >10-6 μc/liter 

Other air contamination limits 
Effective Date: 11/24/2004 Revision No. 01 Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0006-5 Page 23 of 23 

 Tritium – gas 0.1 μc/liter, vapor 0.01 μc/liter 

 Carbon – 0.02 μc/liter 

 Argon – 1.6 x 10-3 μc/liter 

 Iodine – 1.5 x 10-6 μc/liter 

 Xenon – 0.01 μc/liter 

___________ 

*Assumed to mean microcuries. 

The tolerance values for air and drinking water were based on the dose to the significant organ and 

state-of-the-air understanding of the biokinetics of the element in the body. An assumption of 

continuous inhalation or drinking of water was usually made, although in the example below a 

tolerance value based on a single inhalation was also established. A sample calculation was found 

(letter to file dated December 17, 1945) that provides the calculation of the tolerance value for 

“potentially long-continued exposure” to 131I and a “one-shot tolerance value,” the latter assuming a 

single 8-hr exposure (Parker 1945). For the chronic exposure, Parker assumed a thyroid radiation 

tolerance of 1 r/day, which resulted from an equilibrium thyroid burden of 1.95 μCi, which would result 

from a daily intake of 0.85 μCi. Parker assumed the volume of air breathed per 8-hr work day was 8 x 

106

 cc. For the acute intake, Parker referenced a “Project Handbook” that condoned a dose of 100 r; 

however, Parker stated that this was too close to the dose given patients in the treatment of 

hyperthyroidism, so he arbitrarily reduced the dose by a factor of 10. He then calculated an air 

concentration for a single 8-hr exposure to be 1.2 x 10-11 Ci /cc.