Exhibit 4.1


 


SECTION 382 RIGHTS AGREEMENT


 


This SECTION 382 RIGHTS
AGREEMENT, dated as of November 25, 2015 (this “Agreement”), is made and entered into by and between PharmAthene,
Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, a New York
corporation, as rights agent (the “Rights Agent”).


 


RECITALS


 


WHEREAS, the Company
has generated NOLs (as defined in Section 1 hereof) for United States federal income tax purposes, the Company desires to avoid
an “ownership change” within the meaning of Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”),
and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder and thereby preserve the Company’s ability to utilize fully such NOLs,
and, in furtherance of such objective, the Company desires to enter into this Agreement; and


 


WHEREAS, on November
25, 2015 (the “Rights Dividend Declaration Date”), the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board
of Directors”) authorized and declared a dividend distribution of one Right (as hereinafter defined) for each share of
Common Stock (as hereinafter defined) outstanding at the Close of Business (as hereinafter defined) on December 9, 2015 (the “Record
Date”), each Right initially representing the right to purchase one one-thousandth of a share (a “Unit”)
of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company having the rights, powers and preferences
set forth in the form of Certificate of Designation attached hereto as Exhibit A, upon the terms and subject to the conditions
hereinafter set forth (the “Rights”), and has further authorized the issuance of one Right (as such number may
hereinafter be adjusted pursuant to the provisions of Section 11(p) hereof) for each share of Common Stock issued between the Record
Date (whether originally issued or delivered from the Company’s treasury) and the earlier of the Close of Business on the
Distribution Date (as defined in Section 3 hereof) and the Expiration Date (as defined in Section 7(a) hereof).


 


NOW, THEREFORE, in
consideration of the premises and the mutual agreements herein set forth, the parties hereby agree as follows:


 


Section 1. Certain
Definitions. For purposes of this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings indicated:


 


(a)          “Acquiring
Person” shall mean any Person who or which, together with all Affiliates and Associates of such Person, is or becomes
the Beneficial Owner of 4.99% or more of the shares of Common Stock then outstanding, but shall not include (i) the Company, (ii)
any Subsidiary of the Company, (iii) any employee benefit plan of the Company, or of any Subsidiary of the Company, or any Person
or entity organized, appointed or established by the Company for or pursuant to the terms of any such plan or (iv) any Exempted
Person. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no Person shall become an “Acquiring Person” solely as a result of an Exempted
Transaction.


 




    	 		 



     


    

 


(b)          “Affiliate”
and “Associate” shall mean, with respect to any Person, any other Person whose Common Stock would be deemed
constructively owned by such first Person for purposes of Section 382 of the Code, would be deemed owned by a single “entity”
as defined in Treasury Regulation § 1.382-3(a)(1) in which both such Persons are included, or otherwise would be deemed aggregated
with Common Stock owned by such first Person pursuant to the provisions of Section 382 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations
thereunder; provided, however, that a Person shall not be deemed to be the Affiliate or Associate of another Person solely because
either or both Persons are or were directors of the Company.


 


(c)          “Agreement”
shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble to this Agreement.


 


(d)          A
Person shall be deemed a “Beneficial Owner” of, shall be deemed to have “Beneficial Ownership” and
shall be deemed to “beneficially own” any securities that such Person directly owns, that such Person would be deemed
to constructively own, pursuant to Section 382 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder (including pursuant
to the “option” rules of Treasury Regulation Section 1.382-4), that such Person would be deemed to own together with
any other Persons as a single “entity” under Treasury Regulation Section 1.382-3(a)(l), or that otherwise would be
aggregated with securities owned by such Person pursuant to Section 382 and the Treasury Regulations thereunder.


 


(e)          “Board
of Directors” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals of this Agreement.


 


(f)          “Business
Day” shall mean any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in the State of New York
are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close.


 


(g)          “Close
of Business” on any given date shall mean 5:00 P.M., New York City time, on such date; provided, however, that if such
date is not a Business Day it shall mean 5:00 P.M., New York City time, on the next succeeding Business Day.


 


(h)          “Code”
shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals to this Agreement.


 


(i)          “Common
Stock” shall mean the common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company, except that “Common Stock”
when used with reference to any Person other than the Company shall mean the capital stock of such Person with the greatest voting
power, or the equity securities or other equity interest having power to control or direct the management, of such Person (or,
if such Person is a Subsidiary of another Person, the Person or Persons that ultimately control such first mentioned Person).


 


(j)          “Common
Stock Equivalents” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11(a)(iii) hereof.


 


(k)          “Company”
shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble to this Agreement.


 


(l)          “Current
Market Price” shall have the meaning set forth in Sections 11(d)(i) and 11(d)(ii) hereof.


 


(m)          “Current
Value” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11(a)(iii) hereof.


 




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(n)          “Distribution
Date” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3(a) hereof.


 


(o)          “Equivalent
Preferred Stock” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11(b) hereof.


 


(p)          “Exempted
Person” shall mean any Person who, together with all Affiliates and Associates of such Person,


 


(i)          is
the Beneficial Owner of securities (as disclosed in public filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the Rights Dividend
Declaration Date), representing 4.99% or more of the shares of Common Stock outstanding on the Rights Dividend Declaration Date,
provided, however, that any such Person described in this clause (i) shall no longer be deemed to be an Exempted Person and shall
be deemed an Acquiring Person if such Person, together with all Affiliates and Associates of such Person, becomes the Beneficial
Owner of securities representing a percentage of Common Stock that exceeds by one-half of one percent (0.5%) or more the lowest
percentage of Beneficial Ownership of Common Stock that such Person had at any time since the Rights Dividend Declaration Date,
except solely (x) pursuant to equity compensation awards granted to such Person by the Company or as a result of an adjustment
to the number of shares of Common Stock represented by such equity compensation award pursuant to the terms thereof or (y) as a
result of a redemption of shares of Common Stock by the Company; or


 


(ii)         becomes
the Beneficial Owner of securities representing 4.99% or more of the shares of Common Stock then outstanding because of a reduction
in the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock then outstanding as a result of the purchase by the Company or a Subsidiary
of the Company of shares of Common Stock, provided, however, that any such Person described in this clause (ii) shall no longer
be deemed to be an Exempted Person and shall be deemed an Acquiring Person if such Person, together with all Affiliates and Associates
of such Person, becomes the Beneficial Owner, at any time after the date such Person became the Beneficial Owner of 4.99% or more
of the then outstanding shares of Common Stock, of securities representing a percentage of Common Stock that exceeds by one-half
of one percent (0.5%) or more the lowest percentage of Beneficial Ownership of Common Stock that such Person had at any time since
the date such Person first became the Beneficial Owner of 4.99% or more of the then outstanding shares of Common Stock, except
solely (x) pursuant to equity compensation awards granted to such Person by the Company or as a result of an adjustment to the
number of shares of Common Stock represented by such equity compensation award pursuant to the terms thereof or (y) as a result
of a redemption of shares of Common Stock by the Company; or


 




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(iii)        who
is a Beneficial Owner of 4.99% or more of the shares of Common Stock outstanding and whose beneficial ownership, as determined
by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, (x) would not jeopardize or endanger the availability to the Company of its NOLs
or other Tax Benefits or (y) is otherwise in the best interests of the Company, provided, however, that if a Person is an Exempted
Person solely by reason of this clause (iii), then such Person shall cease to be an Exempted Person if (A) such Person ceases to
beneficially own 4.99% or more of the shares of the then outstanding Common Stock, (B) after the date of such determination by
the Board of Directors, such Person, together with all Affiliates and Associates of such Person, becomes the Beneficial Owner of
securities representing a percentage of Common Stock that exceeds by one-half of one percent (0.5%) or more the lowest percentage
of Beneficial Ownership of Common Stock that such Person had at any time since the date such Person first became the Beneficial
Owner of 4.99% or more of the then outstanding shares of Common Stock, except solely (I) pursuant to equity compensation awards
granted to such Person by the Company or as a result of an adjustment to the number of shares of Common Stock represented by such
equity compensation award pursuant to the terms thereof or (II) as a result of a redemption of shares of Common Stock by the Company,
or (C) the Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, makes a contrary determination with respect to the effect of such Person’s
beneficial ownership (together with all Affiliates and Associates of such Person) with respect to the availability to the Company
of its NOLs or other Tax Benefits.


 


A purchaser, assignee
or transferee of the shares of Common Stock (or warrants or options exercisable for Common Stock) from an Exempted Person shall
not thereby become an Exempted Person, except that a transferee from the estate of an Exempted Person who receives Common Stock
as a bequest or inheritance from an Exempted Person shall be an Exempted Person so long as such Person continues to be the Beneficial
Owner of 4.99% or more of the then outstanding shares of Common Stock.


 


(q)          “Exempted
Transaction” shall mean any transaction that the Board of Directors determines, in its sole discretion, is an “Exempted
Transaction,” which determination shall be irrevocable.


 


(r)          “Expiration
Date” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7(a) hereof.


 


(s)          “Final
Expiration Date” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7(a) hereof.


 


(t)          “NOLs”
shall mean the Company’s net operating loss carryforwards.


 


(u)          “Person”
shall mean any individual, firm, corporation, limited liability company, partnership or other entity, or a group of Persons making
a “coordinated acquisition” of shares or otherwise treated as an entity within the meaning of Section 1.382-3(a)(1)
of the Treasury Regulations, and shall include any successor (by merger or otherwise) of such individual or entity, but shall not
include a Public Group (as such term is defined in Section 1.382-2T(f)(13) of the Treasury Regulations).


 


(v)         “Preferred
Stock” shall mean the Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company having
the rights, powers and preferences set forth in the form of the Certificate of Designation attached hereto as Exhibit A,
and, to the extent that there are not a sufficient number of shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock authorized
to permit the full exercise of the Rights, any other series of Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company designated
for such purpose containing terms substantially similar to the terms of the Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock.


 


(w)          “Principal
Party” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 13(b) hereof.


 


(x)          “Purchase
Price” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4(a) hereof.


 




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(y)          “Record
Date” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals of this Agreement.


 


(z)          “Right”
shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals of this Agreement.


 


(aa)         “Rights
Agent” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble to this Agreement.


 


(bb)         “Rights
Certificate” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3(a) hereof.


 


(cc)         “Rights
Dividend Declaration Date” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals of this Agreement.


 


(dd)         “Section
11(a)(ii) Event” shall mean any event described in Section 11(a)(ii) hereof.


 


(ee)         “Section
13 Event” shall mean any event described in clause (x), (y) or (z) of Section 13(a) hereof.


 


(ff)         “Stock
Acquisition Date” shall mean the first date of public announcement (which, for purposes of this definition, shall include,
without limitation, a report filed pursuant to Section 13(d) under the Exchange Act) by the Company or an Acquiring Person indicating
that an Acquiring Person has become such or such earlier date as a majority of the Board of Directors shall become aware of the
existence of an Acquiring Person; provided, however, that if a Person is determined to be an Exempted Person (and as a result such
Person is not an Acquiring Person), then the Stock Acquisition Date that otherwise shall have occurred shall be deemed not to have
occurred.


 


(gg)         “Subsidiary”
shall mean, with reference to any Person, any Person of which a majority of the voting power of voting equity securities or equity
interests is beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, by such Person or otherwise controlled by such Person.


 


(hh)         “Substitution
Period” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11(a)(iii) hereof.


 


(ii)         “Summary
of Rights” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3(b) hereof.


 


(jj)         “Trading
Day” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11(d)(i) hereof.


 


(kk)         “Tax
Benefits” shall mean the net operating loss carryovers, capital loss carryovers, general business credit carryovers,
alternative minimum tax credit carryovers, foreign tax credit carryovers, any loss or deduction attributable to a “net unrealized
built-in loss” within the meaning of Section 382 of the Code, and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, of the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries.


 


(ll) “Treasury
Regulations” shall mean final, temporary and proposed income tax regulations promulgated under the Code, as amended.


 


(mm)         “Triggering
Event” shall mean any Section 11(a)(ii) Event or any Section 13 Event.


 




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Section 2. Appointment
of Rights Agent. The Company hereby appoints the Rights Agent to act as agent for the Company and the holders of the Rights
(who, in accordance with Section 3 hereof, shall prior to the Distribution Date also be the holders of the Common Stock) in accordance
with the terms and conditions hereof, and the Rights Agent hereby accepts such appointment. The Company may from time to time appoint
such co-rights agents as it may deem necessary or desirable.


 


Section 3. Issue
of Rights Certificates.


 


(a)          Until
the earlier of (i) the Close of Business on the tenth day after the Stock Acquisition Date (or, if the tenth day after the Stock
Acquisition Date occurs before the Record Date, the Close of Business on the Record Date), or (ii) the Close of Business on the
tenth Business Day (or such later date as the Board of Directors shall determine prior to such time as any Person becomes an Acquiring
Person) after the date that a tender or exchange offer by any Person (other than any Exempted Person, the Company, any Subsidiary
of the Company, any employee benefit plan of the Company or of any Subsidiary of the Company, or any Person or entity organized,
appointed or established by the Company for or pursuant to the terms of any such plan) is first published or sent or given within
the meaning of Rule 14d-2(a) of the General Rules and Regulations under the Exchange Act, if upon consummation thereof, such Person
would become an Acquiring Person (the earlier of (i) and (ii) being herein referred to as the “Distribution Date”),
(x) the Rights will be evidenced (subject to the provisions of paragraph (b) of this Section 3) by the certificates for the Common
Stock registered in the names of the holders of the Common Stock (which certificates for Common Stock shall be deemed also to be
certificates for Rights) and not by separate certificates, and (y) the Rights will be transferable only in connection with the
transfer of the underlying shares of Common Stock (including a transfer to the Company). As soon as practicable after the Distribution
Date, the Company will prepare and execute, the Rights Agent will countersign and the Rights Agent will send by first-class, insured,
postage prepaid mail, to each record holder of the Common Stock as of the Close of Business on the Distribution Date, at the address
of such holder shown on the records of the Company, one or more rights certificates, in substantially the form of Exhibit B
hereto (the “Rights Certificates”), evidencing one Right for each share of Common Stock so held, subject to
adjustment as provided herein. In the event that an adjustment in the number of Rights per share of Common Stock has been made
pursuant to Section 11(p) hereof, at the time of distribution of the Rights Certificates, the Company shall make the necessary
and appropriate rounding adjustments (in accordance with Section 14(a) hereof) so that Rights Certificates representing only whole
numbers of Rights are distributed and cash is paid in lieu of any fractional Rights. As of and after the Distribution Date, the
Rights will be evidenced solely by such Rights Certificates.


 


(b)          The
Company will make available, as promptly as practicable following the Record Date, a copy of a Summary of Rights, in substantially
the form attached hereto as Exhibit C (the “Summary of Rights”), to any holder of Rights who may
so request from time to time prior to the Expiration Date. With respect to certificates for the Common Stock outstanding as of
the Record Date, or issued subsequent to the Record Date, unless and until the Distribution Date shall occur, the Rights will be
evidenced by such certificates for the Common Stock and the registered holders of the Common Stock shall also be the registered
holders of the associated Rights. Until the earliest of the Distribution Date, the Expiration Date (as such term is defined in
Section 7 hereof) or the redemption of the Rights pursuant to Section 23 hereof, the transfer of any certificates representing
shares of Common Stock in respect of which Rights have been issued shall also constitute the transfer of the Rights associated
with such shares of Common Stock.


 




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(c)          Rights
shall be issued in respect of all shares of Common Stock which are issued (whether originally issued or from the Company’s
treasury) after the Record Date but prior to the earliest of the Distribution Date, the Expiration Date or the redemption of the
Rights pursuant to Section 23 hereof. Certificates representing such shares of Common Stock shall also be deemed to be certificates
for Rights, and shall bear a legend substantially in the following form:


 


“This
certificate also evidences and entitles the holder hereof to certain Rights as set forth in the Section 382 Rights Agreement between
PharmAthene, Inc. (the “Company”) and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as rights agent (the “Rights
Agent”), dated as of November 25, 2015, as the same may be amended from time to time (the “Rights Agreement”),
the terms of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference and a copy of which is on file at the principal offices of the Rights
Agent. Under certain circumstances, as set forth in the Rights Agreement, such Rights will be evidenced by separate certificates
and will no longer be evidenced by this certificate. The Rights Agent will mail to the holder of this certificate a copy of the
Rights Agreement, as in effect on the date of mailing, without charge promptly after receipt of a written request therefor. Under
certain circumstances set forth in the Rights Agreement, Rights issued to, or held by, any Person who is, was or becomes an Acquiring
Person or any Affiliate or Associate thereof (as such terms are defined in the Rights Agreement), whether currently held by or
on behalf of such Person or by any subsequent holder, may become null and void.”


 


With respect to such
certificates containing the foregoing legend, until the earlier of the (i) Distribution Date or (ii) the Expiration Date, the Rights
associated with the Common Stock represented by such certificates shall be evidenced by such certificates alone and registered
holders of Common Stock shall also be the registered holders of the associated Rights, and the transfer of any of such certificates
shall also constitute the transfer of the Rights associated with the Common Stock represented by such certificates.


 


Section 4. Form
of Rights Certificates.


 


(a)          The
Rights Certificates (and the forms of election to purchase and of assignment to be printed on the reverse thereof) shall each be
substantially in the form set forth in Exhibit B hereto and may have such marks of identification or designation and such
legends, summaries or endorsements printed thereon as the Company may deem appropriate and as are not inconsistent with the provisions
of this Agreement, or as may be required to comply with any applicable law or with any rule or regulation made pursuant thereto
or with any rule or regulation of any stock exchange on which the Rights may from time to time be listed, or to conform to usage.
Subject to the provisions of Section 11 and Section 22 hereof, the Rights Certificates, whenever distributed, shall be dated as
of the Record Date or, in the case of Rights with respect to Common Stock issued or becoming outstanding after the Record Date,
the same date as the date of the share certificate evidencing such shares, and on their face shall entitle the holders thereof
to purchase such number of one one-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock as shall be set forth therein at the price set forth
therein (such exercise price per one one-thousandth of a share, the “Purchase Price”), but the amount and type
of securities purchasable upon the exercise of each Right and the Purchase Price thereof shall be subject to adjustment as provided
herein.


 




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(b)          Any
Rights Certificate issued pursuant to Section 3(a), Section 11(i) or Section 22 hereof that represents Rights beneficially owned
by any Person known to be: (i) an Acquiring Person or any Associate or Affiliate of an Acquiring Person, (ii) a transferee of an
Acquiring Person (or of any such Associate or Affiliate) who becomes a transferee after the Acquiring Person becomes such, (iii)
a transferee of an Acquiring Person (or of any such Associate or Affiliate) who becomes a transferee prior to or concurrently with
the Acquiring Person becoming such and receives such Rights pursuant to either (A) a transfer (whether or not for consideration)
from the Acquiring Person to holders of equity interests in such Acquiring Person or to any Person with whom such Acquiring Person
has any continuing plan, agreement, arrangement or understanding regarding the transferred Rights or (B) a transfer which the Board
of Directors has determined is part of a plan, agreement, arrangement or understanding which has as a primary purpose or effect
avoidance of Section 7(e) hereof, or (iv) subsequent transferees of such Persons described in clause (i), (ii) or (iii) of this
sentence, and any Rights Certificate issued pursuant to Section 6 or Section 11 hereof upon transfer, exchange, replacement or
adjustment of any other Rights Certificate referred to in this sentence, shall contain (to the extent feasible) a legend substantially
in the following form:


 


“The
Rights represented by this Rights Certificate are or were beneficially owned by a Person who was or became an Acquiring Person
or an Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person (as such terms are defined in the Rights Agreement). Accordingly, this Rights
Certificate and the Rights represented hereby may become null and void in the circumstances specified in Section 7(e) of such Agreement.”


 


The absence of the
foregoing legend on any Rights Certificate shall in no way affect any of the other provisions of this Agreement, including, without
limitation, the provisions of Section 7(e).


 


Section 5. Countersignature
and Registration.


 


(a)          The
Rights Certificates shall be executed on behalf of the Company by its Chairman of the Board of Directors, its Principal Executive
Officer, its Chief Operating Officer, its Principal Financial Officer or any executive officer of the Company, either manually
or by facsimile signature, and shall have affixed thereto the Company’s seal or a facsimile thereof which shall be attested
by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company, either manually or by facsimile signature. The Rights Certificates shall
be countersigned by the Rights Agent, either manually or by facsimile signature, and shall not be valid for any purpose unless
so countersigned. In case any officer of the Company who shall have signed any of the Rights Certificates shall cease to be such
officer of the Company before countersignature by the Rights Agent and issuance and delivery by the Company, such Rights Certificates,
nevertheless, may be countersigned by the Rights Agent and issued and delivered by the Company with the same force and effect as
though the person who signed such Rights Certificates had not ceased to be such officer of the Company; and any Rights Certificates
may be signed on behalf of the Company by any person who, at the actual date of the execution of such Rights Certificate, shall
be a proper officer of the Company to sign such Rights Certificate, although at the date of the execution of this Rights Agreement
any such person was not such an officer.


 




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(b)          Following
the Distribution Date, the Rights Agent shall keep, or cause to be kept, at its principal office or offices designated as the appropriate
place for surrender of Rights Certificates upon exercise or transfer, books for registration and transfer of the Rights Certificates
issued hereunder. Such books shall show the names and addresses of the respective holders of the Rights Certificates, the number
of Rights evidenced on its face by each of the Rights Certificates and the date of each of the Rights Certificates.


 


Section 6. Transfer,
Split Up, Combination and Exchange of Rights Certificates; Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Rights Certificates.


 


(a)          Subject
to the provisions of Section 4(b), Section 7(e), Section 14 and Section 27 hereof, at any time after the Close of Business on the
Distribution Date, and at or prior to the Close of Business on the Expiration Date or the redemption of the rights pursuant to
Section 23 hereof, any Rights Certificate or Certificates may be transferred, split up, combined or exchanged for another Rights
Certificate or Certificates, entitling the registered holder to purchase a like number of one one-thousandths of a share of Preferred
Stock (or, following a Triggering Event, Common Stock, other securities, cash or other assets, as the case may be) as the Rights
Certificate or Certificates surrendered then entitles such holder (or former holder in the case of a transfer) to purchase. Any
registered holder desiring to transfer, split up, combine or exchange any Rights Certificate or Certificates shall make such request
in writing delivered to the Rights Agent, and shall surrender the Rights Certificate or Certificates to be transferred, split up,
combined or exchanged at the principal office or offices of the Rights Agent designated for such purpose. Neither the Rights Agent
nor the Company shall be obligated to take any action whatsoever with respect to the transfer of any such surrendered Rights Certificate
until the registered holder shall have completed and signed the certificate contained in the form of assignment on the reverse
side of such Rights Certificate and shall have provided such additional evidence of the identity of the Beneficial Owner (or former
Beneficial Owner) or Affiliates or Associates thereof as the Company shall reasonably request. Thereupon the Rights Agent shall,
subject to Section 4(b), Section 7(e), Section 14 and Section 27 hereof, countersign and deliver to the Person entitled thereto
a Rights Certificate or Rights Certificates, as the case may be, as so requested. The Company may require payment of a sum sufficient
to cover any tax or governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any transfer, split up, combination or exchange
of Rights Certificates. The Rights Agent shall promptly forward any such sum collected by it to the Company or to such Persons
as the Company shall specify by written notice.


 


(b)          Upon
receipt by the Company and the Rights Agent of evidence reasonably satisfactory to them of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation
of a Rights Certificate, and, in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to them,
and, at the Company’s request, reimbursement to the Company and the Rights Agent of all reasonable expenses incidental thereto,
and upon surrender to the Rights Agent and cancellation of the Rights Certificate if mutilated, the Company will execute and deliver
a new Rights Certificate of like tenor to the Rights Agent for countersignature and delivery to the registered owner in lieu of
the Rights Certificate so lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated.


 




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Section 7. Exercise
of Rights; Purchase Price; Expiration Date of Rights.


 


(a)          Subject
to Section 7(e) and Section 27 hereof, the registered holder of any Rights Certificate may exercise the Rights evidenced thereby
(except as otherwise provided herein including, without limitation, the restrictions on exercisability set forth in Section 9(c),
Section 11(a)(iii) and Section 23(a) hereof) in whole or in part at any time after the Distribution Date upon surrender of the
Rights Certificate, with the form of election to purchase and the certificate on the reverse side thereof duly executed, to the
Rights Agent at the principal office or offices of the Rights Agent designated for such purpose, together with payment of the aggregate
Purchase Price with respect to the total number of one one-thousandth of a share of Preferred Stock (or other securities, cash
or other assets, as the case may be) as to which such surrendered Rights are then exercisable, at or prior to the earliest of (i)
the Close of Business on November 25, 2018 (the “Final Expiration Date”), (ii) the time at which the Rights
are redeemed as provided in Section 23 hereof, (iii) the time at which all of the Rights (other than Rights that have become void
pursuant to the provisions of Section 7(e) hereof) are exchanged for Common Stock or other assets or securities as provided in
Section 27 hereof, (iv) the Close of Business on the effective date of the repeal of Section 382 or any successor statute if the
Board of Directors determines that this Agreement is no longer necessary or desirable for the preservation of Tax Benefits, or
(v) the Close of Business on the first day of a taxable year of the Company to which the Board of Directors determines that no
Tax Benefits may be carried forward (the earliest of (i) and (ii) and (iii) and (iv) and (v) being herein referred to as the “Expiration
Date”).


 


(b)          The
Purchase Price for each one one-thousandth of a share of Preferred Stock pursuant to the exercise of a Right shall initially be
$6.00, and shall be subject to adjustment from time to time as provided in Sections 11 and 13(a) hereof and shall be payable in
accordance with paragraph (c) below.


 




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(c)          Upon
receipt of a Rights Certificate representing exercisable Rights, with the form of election to purchase and the certificate duly
executed, accompanied by payment, with respect to each Right so exercised, of the Purchase Price per one one-thousandth of a share
of Preferred Stock (or other shares, securities, cash or other assets, as the case may be) to be purchased as set forth below and
an amount equal to any applicable transfer tax, the Rights Agent shall, subject to Section 20(k) hereof, thereupon promptly (i)
(A) requisition from any transfer agent of the shares of Preferred Stock (or make available, if the Rights Agent is the transfer
agent for such shares) certificates for the total number of one one-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock to be purchased and
the Company hereby irrevocably authorizes its transfer agent to comply with all such requests, or (B) if the Company shall have
elected to deposit the total number of shares of Preferred Stock issuable upon exercise of the Rights hereunder with a depositary
agent, requisition from the depositary agent depositary receipts representing such number of one one-thousandths of a share of
Preferred Stock as are to be purchased (in which case certificates for the shares of Preferred Stock represented by such receipts
shall be deposited by the transfer agent with the depositary agent) and the Company shall direct the depositary agent to comply
with such request, (ii) requisition from the Company the amount of cash, if any, to be paid in lieu of fractional shares in accordance
with Section 14 hereof, (iii) after receipt of such certificates or depositary receipts, cause the same to be delivered to, or
upon the order of the registered holder of such Rights Certificate, registered in such name or names as may be designated by such
holder, and (iv) after receipt thereof, deliver such cash described in clause (ii) hereof, if any, to or upon the order of the
registered holder of such Rights Certificate. The payment of the Purchase Price (as such amount may be reduced pursuant to Section
11(a)(iii) hereof) shall be made by certified bank check or bank draft payable to the order of the Rights Agent for credit to the
Company. In the event that the Company is obligated to issue other securities (including Common Stock) of the Company, pay cash
and/or distribute other property pursuant to Section 11(a) hereof, the Company will make all arrangements necessary so that such
other securities, cash and/or other property are available for distribution by the Rights Agent, if and when appropriate. The Company
reserves the right to require prior to the occurrence of a Triggering Event that, upon any exercise of Rights, a number of Rights
be exercised so that only whole shares of Preferred Stock would be issued.


 


(d)          In
case the registered holder of any Rights Certificate shall exercise less than all the Rights evidenced thereby, a new Rights Certificate
evidencing Rights equivalent to the Rights remaining unexercised shall be issued by the Rights Agent and delivered to, or upon
the order of, the registered holder of such Rights Certificate, registered in such name or names as may be designated by such holder,
subject to the provisions of Section 14 hereof.


 


(e)          Notwithstanding
anything in this Agreement to the contrary, from and after the first occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii) Event, any Rights beneficially
owned by any Person known to be (i) an Acquiring Person or an Associate or Affiliate of an Acquiring Person, (ii) a transferee
of an Acquiring Person (or of any such Associate or Affiliate) who becomes a transferee after the Acquiring Person becomes such,
(iii) a transferee of an Acquiring Person (or of any such Associate or Affiliate) who becomes a transferee prior to or concurrently
with the Acquiring Person becoming such and receives such Rights pursuant to either (A) a transfer (whether or not for consideration)
from the Acquiring Person to holders of equity interests in such Acquiring Person or to any Person with whom the Acquiring Person
has any continuing plan, agreement, arrangement or understanding regarding the transferred Rights or (B) a transfer which the Board
of Directors has determined is part of a plan, agreement, arrangement or understanding which has as a primary purpose or effect
the avoidance of this Section 7(e), or (iv) subsequent transferees of such Persons described in clause (i), (ii) or (iii) of this
sentence, shall become null and void without any further action and no holder of such Rights shall have any rights whatsoever with
respect to such Rights, whether under any provision of this Agreement or otherwise. The Company shall use all reasonable efforts
to insure that the provisions of this Section 7(e) and Section 4(b) hereof are complied with, but shall have no liability to any
holder of Rights Certificates or other Person as a result of its failure to make any determinations with respect to an Acquiring
Person or any of its Affiliates, Associates or transferees hereunder.


 


(f)          Notwithstanding
anything in this Agreement to the contrary, neither the Rights Agent nor the Company shall be obligated to undertake any action
with respect to a registered holder upon the occurrence of any purported exercise as set forth in this Section 7 unless such registered
holder shall have (i) properly completed and signed the certificate contained in the form of election to purchase set forth on
the reverse side of the Rights Certificate surrendered for such exercise, and (ii) provided such additional evidence of the identity
of the Beneficial Owner (or former Beneficial Owner) or Affiliates or Associates thereof as the Company shall reasonably request.


 




    	 	11	 



     


    

 


Section 8. Cancellation
and Destruction of Rights Certificates. All Rights Certificates surrendered for the purpose of exercise, transfer, split up,
combination or exchange shall, if surrendered to the Company or any of its agents, be delivered to the Rights Agent for cancellation
or in canceled form, or, if surrendered to the Rights Agent, shall be canceled by it, and no Rights Certificates shall be issued
in lieu thereof except as expressly permitted by any of the provisions of this Agreement. The Company shall deliver to the Rights
Agent for cancellation and retirement, and the Rights Agent shall so cancel and retire, any other Rights Certificate purchased
or acquired by the Company otherwise than upon the exercise thereof. The Rights Agent shall deliver all canceled Rights Certificates
to the Company, or shall, at the written request of the Company, destroy such canceled Rights Certificates, and in such case shall
deliver a certificate of destruction thereof to the Company.


 


Section 9. Reservation
and Availability of Capital Stock.


 


(a)          The
Company covenants and agrees that it will cause to be reserved and kept available out of its authorized and unissued shares of
Preferred Stock (and, following the occurrence of a Triggering Event, out of its authorized and unissued shares of Common Stock
and/or other securities or out of its authorized and issued shares held in its treasury), the number of shares of Preferred Stock
(and, following the occurrence of a Triggering Event, Common Stock and/or other securities) that, as provided in this Agreement,
including Section 11(a)(iii) hereof, will be sufficient to permit the exercise in full of all outstanding Rights.


 


(b)          So
long as the shares of Preferred Stock (and, following the occurrence of a Triggering Event, Common Stock and/or other securities)
issuable and deliverable upon the exercise of the Rights may be listed on any national securities exchange, the Company shall use
its best efforts to cause, from and after such time as the Rights become exercisable, all shares reserved for such issuance to
be listed on such exchange upon official notice of issuance upon such exercise.


 


(c)          The
Company shall use its best efforts to (i) file, as soon as practicable following the earliest date after the first occurrence of
a Section 11(a)(ii) Event on which the consideration to be delivered by the Company upon exercise of the Rights has been determined
in accordance with Section 11(a)(iii) hereof, a registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933 with respect to the securities
purchasable upon exercise of the Rights on an appropriate form, (ii) cause such registration statement to become effective as soon
as practicable after such filing, and (iii) cause such registration statement to remain effective (with a prospectus at all times
meeting the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933) until the earlier of (A) the date as of which the Rights are no longer
exercisable for such securities, and (B) the date of the expiration of the Rights. The Company will also take such action as may
be appropriate under, or to ensure compliance with, the securities or “blue sky” laws of the various states in connection
with the exercisability of the Rights. The Company may temporarily suspend, for a period of time not to exceed ninety (90) days
after the date set forth in clause (i) of the first sentence of this Section 9(c), the exercisability of the Rights in order to
prepare and file such registration statement and permit it to become effective. Upon any such suspension, the Company shall issue
a public announcement stating that the exercisability of the Rights has been temporarily suspended, as well as a public announcement
at such time as the suspension has been rescinded. In addition, if the Company shall determine that a registration statement is
required following the Distribution Date, the Company may temporarily suspend the exercisability of the Rights until such time
as a registration statement has been declared effective. Notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the contrary, the Rights
shall not be exercisable in any jurisdiction if the requisite qualification in such jurisdiction shall not have been obtained,
the exercise thereof shall not be permitted under applicable law or a registration statement shall not have been declared effective.


 




    	 	12	 



     


    

 


(d)          The
Company covenants and agrees that it will take all such action as may be necessary to ensure that all one one-thousandths of a
share of Preferred Stock (and, following the occurrence of a Triggering Event, Common Stock and/or other securities) delivered
upon exercise of Rights shall, at the time of delivery of the certificates for such shares (or Units) (subject to payment of the
Purchase Price), be duly and validly authorized and issued and fully paid and non-assessable.


 


(e)          The
Company further covenants and agrees that it will pay when due and payable any and all federal and state transfer taxes and charges
which may be payable in respect of the issuance or delivery of the Rights Certificates and of any certificates for a number of
one one-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock (or Common Stock and/or other securities, as the case may be) upon the exercise
of Rights. The Company shall not, however, be required to pay any transfer tax which may be payable in respect of any transfer
or delivery of Rights Certificates to a Person other than, or the issuance or delivery of a number of one one-thousandths of a
share of Preferred Stock (or Common Stock and/or other securities, as the case may be) in respect of a name other than that of,
the registered holder of the Rights Certificates evidencing Rights surrendered for exercise or to issue or deliver any certificates
for a number of one one-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock (or Common Stock and/or other securities, as the case may be)
in a name other than that of the registered holder upon the exercise of any Rights until such tax shall have been paid (any such
tax being payable by the holder of such Rights Certificate at the time of surrender) or until it has been established to the Company’s
satisfaction that no such tax is due.


 


Section 10. Preferred
Stock Record Date. Each Person in whose name any certificate for a number of one one-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock
(or Common Stock and/or other securities, as the case may be) is issued upon the exercise of Rights shall for all purposes be deemed
to have become the holder of record of such fractional shares of Preferred Stock (or Common Stock and/or other securities, as the
case may be) represented thereby on, and such certificate shall be dated, the date upon which the Rights Certificate evidencing
such Rights was duly surrendered and payment of the Purchase Price (and all applicable transfer taxes) was made; provided, however,
that if the date of such surrender and payment is a date upon which the Preferred Stock (or Common Stock and/or other securities,
as the case may be) transfer books of the Company are closed, such Person shall be deemed to have become the record holder of such
shares (fractional or otherwise) on, and such certificate shall be dated, the next succeeding Business Day on which the Preferred
Stock (or Common Stock and/or other securities, as the case may be) transfer books of the Company are open. Prior to the exercise
of the Rights evidenced thereby, the holder of a Rights Certificate shall not be entitled to any rights of a stockholder of the
Company with respect to shares for which the Rights shall be exercisable, including, without limitation, the right to vote, to
receive dividends or other distributions or to exercise any preemptive rights, and shall not be entitled to receive any notice
of any proceedings of the Company, except as provided herein.


 




    	 	13	 



     


    

 


Section 11. Adjustment
of Purchase Price, Number and Kind of Shares or Number of Rights. The Purchase Price, the number and kind of shares covered
by each Right and the number of Rights outstanding are subject to adjustment from time to time as provided in this Section 11.


 


(a)          (i)          In
the event the Company shall at any time after the date of this Agreement (A) declare a dividend on the Preferred Stock payable
in shares of Preferred Stock, (B) subdivide the outstanding Preferred Stock, (C) combine the outstanding Preferred Stock into a
smaller number of shares, or (D) issue any shares of its capital stock in a reclassification of the Preferred Stock (including
any such reclassification in connection with a consolidation or merger in which the Company is the continuing or surviving corporation),
except as otherwise provided in this Section 11(a) and Section 7(e) hereof, the Purchase Price in effect at the time of the record
date for such dividend or of the effective date of such subdivision, combination or reclassification, and the number and kind of
shares of Preferred Stock or capital stock, as the case may be, issuable on such date, shall be proportionately adjusted so that
the holder of any Right exercised after such time shall be entitled to receive, upon payment of the Purchase Price then in effect,
the aggregate number and kind of shares of Preferred Stock or capital stock, as the case may be, which, if such Right had been
exercised immediately prior to such date and at a time when the Preferred Stock transfer books of the Company were open, such holder
would have owned upon such exercise and been entitled to receive by virtue of such dividend, subdivision, combination or reclassification;
provided, however, that in no event shall the consideration to be paid upon the exercise of one Right be less than the aggregate
par value of the shares of Preferred Stock or capital stock, as the case may be, issuable upon exercise of one Right. If an event
occurs which would require an adjustment under both this Section 11(a)(i) and Section 11(a)(ii) hereof, the adjustment provided
for in this Section 11(a)(i) shall be in addition to, and shall be made prior to, any adjustment required pursuant to Section 11(a)(ii)
hereof.


 


(ii)         In
the event any Person shall become an Acquiring Person, then, promptly following the occurrence of such event, proper provision
shall be made so that each holder of a Right (except as provided below and in Section 7(e) hereof) shall thereafter have the right
to receive, upon exercise thereof at the then current Purchase Price in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, in lieu of
a number of one one-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock, such number of shares of Common Stock of the Company as shall equal
the result obtained by (x) multiplying the then current Purchase Price by the then number of one one-thousandths of a share of
Preferred Stock for which a Right was exercisable immediately prior to the first occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii) Event, and (y)
dividing that product (which, following such first occurrence, shall thereafter be referred to as the “Purchase Price”
for each Right and for all purposes of this Agreement) by 50% of the Current Market Price (determined pursuant to Section 11(d)
hereof) per share of Common Stock on the date of such first occurrence (such number of shares, the “Adjustment Shares”).


 




    	 	14	 



     


    

 


(iii)        In
the event that the number of shares of Common Stock which are authorized by the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation but
not outstanding, subscribed for or reserved for issuance for purposes other than upon exercise of the Rights are not sufficient
to permit the exercise in full of the Rights in accordance with the foregoing subparagraph (ii) of this Section 11(a), the Company
shall (A) determine the value of the Adjustment Shares issuable upon the exercise of a Right (the “Current Value”),
and (B) with respect to each Right (subject to Section 7(e) hereof), make adequate provision to substitute for the Adjustment Shares,
upon the exercise of a Right and payment of the applicable Purchase Price, (1) cash, (2) a reduction in the Purchase Price, (3)
Common Stock or other equity securities of the Company (including, without limitation, shares, or units of shares, of preferred
stock, such as the Preferred Stock, which the Board of Directors has deemed to have essentially the same value or economic rights
as shares of Common Stock (such shares of preferred stock being referred to as “Common Stock Equivalents”)),
(4) debt securities of the Company, (5) other assets, or (6) any combination of the foregoing, having an aggregate value equal
to the Current Value (less the amount of any reduction in the Purchase Price), where such aggregate value has been determined by
the Board based upon the advice of a nationally recognized investment banking firm selected by the Board of Directors; provided,
however, that if the Company shall not have made adequate provision to deliver value pursuant to clause (B) above within thirty
(30) days following the later of (x) the first occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii) Event and (y) the date on which the Company’s
right of redemption pursuant to Section 23(a) expires (the later of (x) and (y) being referred to herein as the “Section
11(a)(ii) Trigger Date”), then the Company shall be obligated to deliver, upon the surrender for exercise of a Right
and without requiring payment of the Purchase Price, shares of Common Stock (to the extent available) and then, if necessary, cash,
which shares and/or cash have an aggregate value equal to the Spread. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term “Spread”
shall mean the excess of (i) the Current Value over (ii) the Purchase Price. If the Board of Directors determines in good faith
that it is likely that sufficient additional shares of Common Stock could be authorized for issuance upon exercise in full of the
Rights, the thirty (30) day period set forth above may be extended to the extent necessary, but not more than ninety (90) days
after the Section 11(a)(ii) Trigger Date, in order that the Company may seek stockholder approval for the authorization of such
additional shares (such thirty (30) day period, as it may be extended, is herein called the “Substitution Period”).
To the extent that the Company determines that action should be taken pursuant to the first and/or third sentences of this Section
11(a)(iii), the Company (1) shall provide, subject to Section 7(e) hereof, that such action shall apply uniformly to all outstanding
Rights, and (2) may suspend the exercisability of the Rights until the expiration of the Substitution Period in order to seek such
stockholder approval for such authorization of additional shares and/or to decide the appropriate form of distribution to be made
pursuant to such first sentence and to determine the value thereof. In the event of any such suspension, the Company shall issue
a public announcement stating that the exercisability of the Rights has been temporarily suspended, as well as a public announcement
at such time as the suspension is no longer in effect. For purposes of this Section 11(a)(iii), the value of each Adjustment Share
shall be the Current Market Price per share of the Common Stock on the Section 11(a)(ii) Trigger Date and the per share or per
unit value of any Common Stock Equivalent shall be deemed to equal the Current Market Price per share of the Common Stock on such
date.


 




    	 	15	 



     


    

 


(b)          In
case the Company shall fix a record date for the issuance of rights, options or warrants to all holders of Preferred Stock entitling
them to subscribe for or purchase (for a period expiring within forty-five (45) calendar days after such record date) Preferred
Stock (or shares having the same rights, privileges and preferences as the shares of Preferred Stock (“Equivalent Preferred
Stock”)) or securities convertible into Preferred Stock or Equivalent Preferred Stock at a price per share of Preferred
Stock or per share of Equivalent Preferred Stock (or having a conversion price per share, if a security convertible into Preferred
Stock or Equivalent Preferred Stock) less than the Current Market Price (as determined pursuant to Section 11(d) hereof) per share
of Preferred Stock on such record date, the Purchase Price to be in effect after such record date shall be determined by multiplying
the Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to such record date by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the number of
shares of Preferred Stock outstanding on such record date, plus the number of shares of Preferred Stock which the aggregate offering
price of the total number of shares of Preferred Stock and/or Equivalent Preferred Stock so to be offered (and/or the aggregate
initial conversion price of the convertible securities so to be offered) would purchase at such Current Market Price, and the denominator
of which shall be the number of shares of Preferred Stock outstanding on such record date, plus the number of additional shares
of Preferred Stock and/or Equivalent Preferred Stock to be offered for subscription or purchase (or into which the convertible
securities so to be offered are initially convertible); provided, however, that in no event shall the consideration to be paid
upon the exercise of one Right be less than the aggregate par value of the shares of Preferred Stock or capital stock, as the case
may be, issuable upon exercise of one Right. In case such subscription price may be paid by delivery of consideration part or all
of which may be in a form other than cash, the value of such consideration shall be as determined in good faith by the Board of
Directors, whose determination shall be described in a statement filed with the Rights Agent and shall be binding on the Rights
Agent and the holders of the Rights. Shares of Preferred Stock owned by or held for the account of the Company shall not be deemed
outstanding for the purpose of any such computation. Such adjustment shall be made successively whenever such a record date is
fixed, and in the event that such rights or warrants are not so issued, the Purchase Price shall be adjusted to be the Purchase
Price which would then be in effect if such record date had not been fixed.


 


(c)          In
case the Company shall fix a record date for a distribution to all holders of Preferred Stock (including any such distribution
made in connection with a consolidation or merger in which the Company is the continuing corporation) of cash (other than a regular
quarterly cash dividend out of the earnings or retained earnings of the Company), assets (other than a dividend payable in Preferred
Stock, but including any dividend payable in stock other than Preferred Stock) or evidences of indebtedness, or of subscription
rights or warrants (excluding those referred to in Section 11(b) hereof), the Purchase Price to be in effect after such record
date shall be determined by multiplying the Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to such record date by a fraction, the numerator
of which shall be the Current Market Price (as determined pursuant to Section 11(d) hereof) per share of Preferred Stock on such
record date, less the fair market value (as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors, whose determination shall be described
in a statement filed with the Rights Agent) of the portion of the cash, assets or evidences of indebtedness so to be distributed
or of such subscription rights or warrants applicable to a share of Preferred Stock and the denominator of which shall be such
Current Market Price (as determined pursuant to Section 11(d) hereof) per share of Preferred Stock; provided, however, that in
no event shall the consideration to be paid upon the exercise of one Right be less than the aggregate par value of the shares of
Preferred Stock or capital stock, as the case may be, issuable upon exercise of one Right. Such adjustments shall be made successively
whenever such a record date is fixed, and in the event that such distribution is not so made, the Purchase Price shall be adjusted
to be the Purchase Price which would have been in effect if such record date had not been fixed.


 




    	 	16	 



     


    

 


(d)          (i)          For
the purpose of any computation hereunder, other than computations made pursuant to Section 11(a)(iii) hereof, the Current Market
Price per share of Common Stock on any date shall be deemed to be the average of the daily closing prices per share of such Common
Stock for the thirty (30) consecutive Trading Days immediately prior to such date, and for purposes of computations made pursuant
to Section 11(a)(iii) hereof, the Current Market Price per share of Common Stock on any date shall be deemed to be the average
of the daily closing prices per share of such Common Stock for the ten (10) consecutive Trading Days immediately following such
date; provided, however, that in the event that the Current Market Price per share of the Common Stock is determined during a period
following the announcement by the issuer of such Common Stock of (A) a dividend or distribution on such Common Stock payable in
shares of such Common Stock or securities convertible into shares of such Common Stock (other than the Rights), or (B) any subdivision,
combination or reclassification of such Common Stock, and the ex-dividend date for such dividend or distribution, or the record
date for such subdivision, combination or reclassification shall not have occurred prior to the commencement of the requisite thirty
(30) Trading Day or ten (10) Trading Day period, as set forth above, then, and in each such case, the Current Market Price shall
be properly adjusted to take into account ex-dividend trading. The closing price for each day shall be the last sale price, regular
way, or, in case no such sale takes place on such day, the average of the closing bid and asked prices, regular way, in either
case as reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to securities listed or admitted to trading
on The NYSE MKT or, if the shares of Common Stock are not listed or admitted to trading on The NYSE MKT, as reported in the principal
consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to securities listed on the principal national securities exchange on which
the shares of Common Stock are listed or admitted to trading or, if the shares of Common Stock are not listed or admitted to trading
on any national securities exchange, the last quoted price or, if not so quoted, the average of the high bid and low asked prices
in the over-the-counter market or such other system then in use, or, if on any such date the shares of Common Stock are not so
quoted, the average of the closing bid and asked prices as furnished by a professional market maker making a market in the Common
Stock selected by the Board of Directors. If on any such date no market maker is making a market in the Common Stock, the fair
value of such shares on such date as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors shall be used. The term “Trading
Day” shall mean a day on which the principal national securities exchange on which the shares of Common Stock are listed
or admitted to trading is open for the transaction of business or, if the shares of Common Stock are not listed or admitted to
trading on any national securities exchange, a Business Day. If the Common Stock is not publicly held or not so listed or traded,
Current Market Price per share shall mean the fair value per share as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors, whose
determination shall be described in a statement filed with the Rights Agent and shall be conclusive for all purposes.


 




    	 	17	 



     


    

 


(ii)         For
the purpose of any computation hereunder, the Current Market Price per share of Preferred Stock shall be determined in the same
manner as set forth above for the Common Stock in clause (i) of this Section 11(d) (other than the last sentence thereof). If the
Current Market Price per share of Preferred Stock cannot be determined in the manner provided above or if the Preferred Stock is
not publicly held or listed or traded in a manner described in clause (i) of this Section 11(d), the Current Market Price per share
of Preferred Stock shall be conclusively deemed to be an amount equal to 1,000 (as such number may be appropriately adjusted for
such events as stock splits, stock dividends and recapitalizations with respect to the Common Stock occurring after the date of
this Agreement) multiplied by the Current Market Price per share of the Common Stock. If neither the Common Stock nor the Preferred
Stock is publicly held or so listed or traded, Current Market Price per share of the Preferred Stock shall mean the fair value
per share as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors, whose determination shall be described in a statement filed with
the Rights Agent and shall be conclusive for all purposes. For all purposes of this Agreement, the Current Market Price of a Unit
shall be equal to the Current Market Price of one share of Preferred Stock divided by 1,000.


 


(e)          Anything
herein to the contrary notwithstanding, no adjustment in the Purchase Price shall be required unless such adjustment would require
an increase or decrease of at least 1% in the Purchase Price; provided, however, that any adjustments which by reason of this Section
11(e) are not required to be made shall be carried forward and taken into account in any subsequent adjustment. All calculations
under this Section 11 shall be made to the nearest cent or to the nearest one-thousandth of a share of Common Stock or other share
of capital stock or one-ten millionth of a share of Preferred Stock, as the case may be. Notwithstanding the first sentence of
this Section 11(e), any adjustment required by this Section 11 shall be made no later than the earlier of (i) three (3) years from
the date of the transaction which mandates such adjustment, or (ii) the Expiration Date.


 


(f)          If
as a result of an adjustment made pursuant to Section 11(a)(ii) or Section 13(a) hereof, the holder of any Right thereafter exercised
shall become entitled to receive any shares of capital stock other than Preferred Stock, thereafter the number of such other shares
so receivable upon exercise of any Right and the Purchase Price thereof shall be subject to adjustment from time to time in a manner
and on terms as nearly equivalent as practicable to the provisions with respect to the Preferred Stock contained in Sections 11(a),
(b), (c), (e), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k) and (m), and the provisions of Sections 7, 9, 10, 13 and 14 hereof with respect to the Preferred
Stock shall apply on like terms to any such other shares.


 


(g)          All
Rights originally issued by the Company subsequent to any adjustment made to the Purchase Price hereunder shall evidence the right
to purchase, at the adjusted Purchase Price, the number of one one-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock purchasable from time
to time hereunder upon exercise of the Rights, all subject to further adjustment as provided herein.


 


(h)          Unless
the Company shall have exercised its election as provided in Section 11(i), upon each adjustment of the Purchase Price as a result
of the calculations made in Sections 11(b) and (c), each Right outstanding immediately prior to the making of such adjustment shall
thereafter evidence the right to purchase, at the adjusted Purchase Price, that number of one one-thousandths of a share of Preferred
Stock (calculated to the nearest one-ten millionth of a share of Preferred Stock) obtained by:


 


(i)          multiplying
(x) the number of one one-thousandths of a share covered by a Right immediately prior to this adjustment, by (y) the Purchase Price
in effect immediately prior to such adjustment of the Purchase Price, and


 




    	 	18	 



     


    

 


(ii)         dividing
the product so obtained by the Purchase Price in effect immediately after such adjustment of the Purchase Price.


 


(i)          The
Company may elect on or after the date of any adjustment of the Purchase Price to adjust the number of Rights, in lieu of any adjustment
in the number of one one-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock purchasable upon the exercise of a Right. Each of the Rights
outstanding after the adjustment in the number of Rights shall be exercisable for the number of one one-thousandths of a share
of Preferred Stock for which a Right was exercisable immediately prior to such adjustment. Each Right held of record prior to such
adjustment of the number of Rights shall become that number of Rights (calculated to the nearest one one-thousandth) obtained by
dividing the Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to adjustment of the Purchase Price by the Purchase Price in effect immediately
after adjustment of the Purchase Price. The Company shall make a public announcement of its election to adjust the number of Rights,
indicating the record date for the adjustment, and, if known at the time, the amount of the adjustment to be made. This record
date may be the date on which the Purchase Price is adjusted or any day thereafter, but, if the Rights Certificates have been issued,
shall be at least ten (10) days later than the date of the public announcement. If Rights Certificates have been issued, upon each
adjustment of the number of Rights pursuant to this Section 11(i), the Company shall, as promptly as practicable, cause to be distributed
to holders of record of Rights Certificates on such record date Rights Certificates evidencing, subject to Section 14 hereof, the
additional Rights to which such holders shall be entitled as a result of such adjustment, or, at the option of the Company, shall
cause to be distributed to such holders of record in substitution and replacement for the Rights Certificates held by such holders
prior to the date of adjustment, and upon surrender thereof, if required by the Company, new Rights Certificates evidencing all
the Rights to which such holders shall be entitled after such adjustment. Rights Certificates so to be distributed shall be issued,
executed and countersigned in the manner provided for herein (and may bear, at the option of the Company, the adjusted Purchase
Price) and shall be registered in the names of the holders of record of Rights Certificates on the record date specified in the
public announcement.


 


(j)          Irrespective
of any adjustment or change in the Purchase Price or the number of one one-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock issuable upon
the exercise of the Rights, the Rights Certificates theretofore and thereafter issued may continue to express the Purchase Price
per one one-thousandth of a share and the number of one one-thousandths of a share which were expressed in the initial Rights Certificates
issued hereunder.


 


(k)          Before
taking any action that would cause an adjustment reducing the Purchase Price below the then par value, if any, of the number of
one one-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock issuable upon exercise of the Rights, the Company shall take any corporate action
which may, in the opinion of its counsel, be necessary in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and non-assessable
such number of one one-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock at such adjusted Purchase Price.


 




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(l)          In
any case in which this Section 11 shall require that an adjustment in the Purchase Price be made effective as of a record date
for a specified event, the Company may elect to defer until the occurrence of such event the issuance to the holder of any Right
exercised after such record date the number of one one-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock and other capital stock or securities
of the Company, if any, issuable upon such exercise over and above the number of one one-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock
and other capital stock or securities of the Company, if any, issuable upon such exercise on the basis of the Purchase Price in
effect prior to such adjustment; provided, however, that the Company shall deliver to such holder a due bill or other appropriate
instrument evidencing such holder’s right to receive such additional shares (fractional or otherwise) or securities upon
the occurrence of the event requiring such adjustment.


 


(m)          Anything
in this Section 11 to the contrary notwithstanding, the Company shall be entitled to make such reductions in the Purchase Price,
in addition to those adjustments expressly required by this Section 11, as and to the extent that in their good faith judgment
the Board of Directors shall determine to be advisable in order that any (i) consolidation or subdivision of the Preferred Stock,
(ii) issuance wholly for cash of any shares of Preferred Stock at less than the Current Market Price, (iii) issuance wholly for
cash of shares of Preferred Stock or securities which by their terms are convertible into or exchangeable for shares of Preferred
Stock, (iv) stock dividends or (v) issuance of rights, options or warrants referred to in this Section 11, hereafter made by the
Company to holders of its Preferred Stock shall not be taxable to such stockholders.


 


(n)          The
Company covenants and agrees that it shall not, at any time after the Distribution Date, (i) consolidate with any other Person
(other than a Subsidiary of the Company in a transaction which complies with Section 11(o) hereof), (ii) merge with or into any
other Person (other than a Subsidiary of the Company in a transaction which complies with Section 11(o) hereof), or (iii) sell
or transfer (or permit any Subsidiary to sell or transfer), in one transaction, or a series of related transactions, assets, cash
flow or earning power aggregating more than 50% of the assets or earning power of the Company and its Subsidiaries (taken as a
whole) to any other Person or Persons (other than the Company and/or any of its Subsidiaries in one or more transactions each of
which complies with Section 11(o) hereof), if (x) at the time of or immediately after such consolidation, merger or sale there
are any rights, warrants or other instruments or securities outstanding or agreements in effect which would substantially diminish
or otherwise eliminate the benefits intended to be afforded by the Rights or (y) prior to, simultaneously with or immediately after
such consolidation, merger or sale, the stockholders of the Person who constitutes, or would constitute, the “Principal Party”
for purposes of Section 13(a) hereof shall have received a distribution of Rights previously owned by such Person or any of its
Affiliates and Associates.


 


(o)          The
Company covenants and agrees that, after the Distribution Date, it will not, except as permitted by Section 23 or Section 26 hereof,
take (or permit any Subsidiary to take) any action if at the time such action is taken it is reasonably foreseeable that such action
will diminish substantially or otherwise eliminate the benefits intended to be afforded by the Rights.


 




    	 	20	 



     


    

 


(p)          Notwithstanding
anything in this Agreement to the contrary, in the event that the Company shall at any time after the Rights Dividend Declaration
Date and prior to the Distribution Date (i) declare a dividend on the outstanding shares of Common Stock payable in shares of Common
Stock, (ii) subdivide the outstanding shares of Common Stock, or (iii) combine or consolidate the outstanding shares of Common
Stock into a smaller number of shares, the number of Rights associated with each share of Common Stock then outstanding, or issued
or delivered thereafter but prior to the Distribution Date, shall be proportionately adjusted so that the number of Rights thereafter
associated with each share of Common Stock following any such event shall equal the result obtained by multiplying the number of
Rights associated with each share of Common Stock immediately prior to such event by a fraction the numerator which shall be the
total number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the occurrence of the event and the denominator of which
shall be the total number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately following the occurrence of such event.


 


Section 12. Certificate
of Adjusted Purchase Price or Number of Shares. Whenever an adjustment is made as provided in Section 11 and Section 13 hereof,
the Company shall (a) promptly prepare a certificate setting forth such adjustment and a brief statement of the facts accounting
for such adjustment, (b) promptly file with the Rights Agent, and with each transfer agent for the Preferred Stock and the Common
Stock, a copy of such certificate, and (c) mail a brief summary thereof to each holder of a Rights Certificate (or, if prior to
the Distribution Date, to each holder of a certificate representing shares of Common Stock) in accordance with Section 25 hereof.
The Rights Agent shall be fully protected in relying on any such certificate and on any adjustment therein contained.


 


Section 13. Consolidation,
Merger or Sale or Transfer of Assets, Cash Flow or Earning Power.


 


(a)          In
the event that, following the Stock Acquisition Date, directly or indirectly, (x) the Company shall consolidate with, or merge
with and into, any other Person (other than a Subsidiary of the Company in a transaction which complies with Section 11(o) hereof),
and the Company shall not be the continuing or surviving corporation of such consolidation or merger, (y) any Person (other than
a Subsidiary of the Company in a transaction which complies with Section 11(o) hereof) shall consolidate with, or merge with or
into, the Company, and the Company shall be the continuing or surviving corporation of such consolidation or merger and, in connection
with such consolidation or merger, all or part of the outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be changed into or exchanged for
stock or other securities of any other Person or cash or any other property, or (z) the Company shall sell or otherwise transfer
(or one or more of its Subsidiaries shall sell or otherwise transfer), in one transaction or a series of related transactions,
assets, cash flow or earning power aggregating more than 50% of the assets, cash flow or earning power of the Company and its Subsidiaries
(taken as a whole) to any Person or Persons (other than the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company in one or more transactions
each of which complies with Section 11(o) hereof), then, and in each such case, proper provision shall be made so that: (i) each
holder of a Right, except as provided in Section 7(e) hereof, shall thereafter have the right to receive, upon the exercise thereof
at the then current Purchase Price in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and in lieu of shares of Preferred Stock, such
number of validly authorized and issued, fully paid, non-assessable and freely tradeable shares of Common Stock of the Principal
Party (as such term is hereinafter defined), not subject to any liens, encumbrances, rights of first refusal or other adverse claims,
as shall be equal to the result obtained by (1) multiplying the then current Purchase Price by the number of one one-thousandths
of a share of Preferred Stock for which a Right is exercisable immediately prior to the first occurrence of a Section 13 Event
(or, if a Section 11(a)(ii) Event has occurred prior to the first occurrence of a Section 13 Event, multiplying the number of such
one one-thousandths of a share for which a Right was exercisable immediately prior to the first occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii)
Event by the Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to such first occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii) Event), and (2) dividing
that product (which, following the first occurrence of a Section 13 Event, shall be referred to as the “Purchase Price”
for each Right and for all purposes of this Agreement) by 50% of the Current Market Price (determined pursuant to Section 11(d)(i)
hereof) per share of the Common Stock of such Principal Party on the date of consummation of such Section 13 Event; (ii) such Principal
Party shall thereafter be liable for, and shall assume, by virtue of such Section 13 Event, all the obligations and duties of the
Company pursuant to this Agreement; (iii) the term “Company” shall thereafter be deemed to refer to such Principal
Party, it being specifically intended that the provisions of Section 11 hereof shall apply only to such Principal Party following
the first occurrence of a Section 13 Event; (iv) such Principal Party shall take such steps (including, but not limited to, the
reservation of a sufficient number of shares of its Common Stock) in connection with the consummation of any such transaction as
may be necessary to assure that the provisions hereof shall thereafter be applicable, as nearly as reasonably may be, in relation
to its shares of Common Stock thereafter deliverable upon the exercise of the Rights; and (v) the provisions of Section 11(a)(ii)
hereof shall be of no effect following the first occurrence of any Section 13 Event.


 




    	 	21	 



     


    

 


(b)          “Principal
Party” shall mean:


 


(i)          in
the case of any transaction described in clause (x) or (y) of the first sentence of Section 13(a), the Person that is the issuer
of any securities into which shares of Common Stock of the Company are converted in such merger or consolidation, and if no securities
are so issued, the Person that is the other party to such merger or consolidation; and


 


(ii)         in
the case of any transaction described in clause (z) of the first sentence of Section 13(a), the Person that is the party receiving
the greatest portion of the assets, cash flow or earning power transferred pursuant to such transaction or transactions; provided,
however, that in any such case, (1) if the Common Stock of such Person is not at such time and has not been continuously over the
preceding twelve-month period registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act, and such Person is a direct or indirect Subsidiary
of another Person the Common Stock of which is and has been so registered, “Principal Party” shall refer to such other
Person; and (2) in case such Person is a Subsidiary, directly or indirectly, of more than one Person, the Common Stocks of two
or more of which are and have been so registered, “Principal Party” shall refer to whichever of such Persons is the
issuer of the Common Stock having the greatest aggregate market value.


 


(c)          The
Company shall not consummate any such consolidation, merger, sale or transfer unless the Principal Party shall have a sufficient
number of authorized shares of its Common Stock which have not been issued or reserved for issuance to permit the exercise in full
of the Rights in accordance with this Section 13 and unless prior thereto the Company and such Principal Party shall have executed
and delivered to the Rights Agent a supplemental agreement providing for the terms set forth in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this
Section 13 and further providing that, as soon as practicable after the date of any consolidation, merger or sale of assets mentioned
in paragraph (a) of this Section 13, the Principal Party will:


 




    	 	22	 



     


    

 


(i)          prepare
and file a registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, with respect to the Rights and the securities purchasable upon
exercise of the Rights on an appropriate form, and will use its best efforts to cause such registration statement (A) to become
effective as soon as practicable after such filing and (B) to remain effective (with a prospectus at all times meeting the requirements
of the Securities Act of 1933) until the Expiration Date; and


 


(ii)         take
all such other action as may be necessary to enable the Principal Party to issue the securities purchasable upon exercise of the
Rights, including but not limited to the registration or qualification of such securities under all requisite securities laws of
jurisdictions of the various states and the listing of such securities on such exchanges and trading markets as may be necessary
or appropriate; and


 


(iii)        deliver
to holders of the Rights historical financial statements for the Principal Party and each of its Affiliates which comply in all
respects with the requirements for registration on Form 10 under the Exchange Act.


 


The provisions of this
Section 13 shall similarly apply to successive mergers or consolidations or sales or other transfers. In the event that a Section
13 Event shall occur at any time after the occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii) Event, the Rights which have not theretofore been
exercised shall thereafter become exercisable in the manner described in Section 13(a).


 


Section 14. Fractional
Rights and Fractional Shares.


 


(a)          The
Company shall not be required to issue fractions of Rights, except prior to the Distribution Date as provided in Section 11(p)
hereof, or to distribute Rights Certificates which evidence fractional Rights. In lieu of such fractional Rights, there shall be
paid to the registered holders of the Rights Certificates with regard to which such fractional Rights would otherwise be issuable,
an amount in cash equal to the same fraction of the current market value of a whole Right. For purposes of this Section 14(a),
the current market value of a whole Right shall be the closing price of the Rights for the Trading Day immediately prior to the
date on which such fractional Rights would have been otherwise issuable. The closing price of the Rights for any day shall be the
last sale price, regular way, or, in case no such sale takes place on such day, the average of the closing bid and asked prices,
regular way, in either case as reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to securities listed
or admitted to trading on The NYSE MKT or, if the Rights are not listed or admitted to trading on The NYSE MKT, as reported in
the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to securities listed on the principal national securities
exchange on which the Rights are listed or admitted to trading, or if the Rights are not listed or admitted to trading on any national
securities exchange, the last quoted price or, if not so quoted, the average of the high bid and low asked prices in the over-the-counter
market or such system then in use or, if on any such date the Rights are not so quoted, the average of the closing bid and asked
prices as furnished by a professional market maker making a market in the Rights selected by the Board of Directors. If on any
such date no such market maker is making a market in the Rights the fair value of the Rights on such date as determined in good
faith by the Board of Directors shall be used.


 




    	 	23	 



     


    

 


(b)          The
Company shall not be required to issue fractions of shares of Preferred Stock (other than fractions which are integral multiples
of one one-thousandth of a share of Preferred Stock) upon exercise of the Rights or to distribute certificates which evidence fractional
shares of Preferred Stock (other than fractions which are integral multiples of one one-thousandth of a share of Preferred Stock).
In lieu of fractional shares of Preferred Stock that are not integral multiples of one one-thousandth of a share of Preferred Stock,
the Company may pay to the registered holders of Rights Certificates at the time such Rights are exercised as herein provided an
amount in cash equal to the same fraction of the current market value of one one-thousandth of a share of Preferred Stock. For
purposes of this Section 14(b), the current market value of one one-thousandth of a share of Preferred Stock shall be one one-thousandth
of the closing price of a share of Preferred Stock (as determined pursuant to Section 11(d)(ii) hereof) for the Trading Day immediately
prior to the date of such exercise.


 


(c)          Following
the occurrence of a Triggering Event, the Company shall not be required to issue fractions of shares of Common Stock upon exercise
of the Rights or to distribute certificates which evidence fractional shares of Common Stock. In lieu of fractional shares of Common
Stock, the Company may pay to the registered holders of Rights Certificates at the time such Rights are exercised as herein provided
an amount in cash equal to the same fraction of the current market value of one (1) share of Common Stock. For purposes of this
Section 14(c), the current market value of one (1) share of Common Stock shall be the closing price of one (1) share of Common
Stock (as determined pursuant to Section 11(d)(i) hereof) for the Trading Day immediately prior to the date of such exercise.


 


(d)          The
holder of a Right by the acceptance of the Rights expressly waives his or her right to receive any fractional Rights or any fractional
shares upon exercise of a Right, except as permitted by this Section 14.


 


Section 15. Rights
of Action. All rights of action in respect of this Agreement, except the rights of action that are given to the Rights Agent
under Section 18 hereof, are vested in the respective registered holders of the Rights Certificates (and, prior to the Distribution
Date, the registered holders of the Common Stock); and any registered holder of any Rights Certificate (or, prior to the Distribution
Date, of the Common Stock), without the consent of the Rights Agent or of the holder of any other Rights Certificate (or, prior
to the Distribution Date, of the Common Stock), may, in such holder’s own behalf and for such holder’s own benefit,
enforce, and may institute and maintain any suit, action or proceeding against the Company to enforce, or otherwise act in respect
of, such holder’s right to exercise the Rights evidenced by such Rights Certificate in the manner provided in such Rights
Certificate and in this Agreement. Without limiting the foregoing or any remedies available to the holders of Rights, it is specifically
acknowledged that the holders of Rights would not have an adequate remedy at law for any breach of this Agreement and shall be
entitled to specific performance of the obligations hereunder and injunctive relief against actual or threatened violations of
the obligations hereunder of any Person subject to this Agreement.


 


Section 16. Agreement
of Rights Holders. Every holder of a Right by accepting the same consents and agrees with the Company and the Rights Agent
and with every other holder of a Right that:


 


(a)          prior
to the Distribution Date, the Rights will be transferable only in connection with the transfer of Common Stock;


 




    	 	24	 



     


    

 


(b)          after
the Distribution Date, the Rights Certificates are transferable only on the registry books of the Rights Agent if surrendered at
the principal office or offices of the Rights Agent designated for such purposes, duly endorsed or accompanied by a proper instrument
of transfer and with the appropriate forms and certificates fully executed;


 


(c)          subject
to Section 6(a) and Section 7(f) hereof, the Company and the Rights Agent may deem and treat the Person in whose name a Rights
Certificate (or, prior to the Distribution Date, the associated Common Stock certificate) is registered as the absolute owner thereof
and of the Rights evidenced thereby (notwithstanding any notations of ownership or writing on the Rights Certificates or the associated
Common Stock certificate made by anyone other than the Company or the Rights Agent) for all purposes whatsoever, and neither the
Company nor the Rights Agent, subject to the last sentence of Section 7(e) hereof, shall be required to be affected by any notice
to the contrary; and


 


(d)          notwithstanding
anything in this Agreement to the contrary, neither the Company nor the Rights Agent shall have any liability to any holder of
a Right or other Person as a result of its inability to perform any of its obligations under this Agreement by reason of any preliminary
or permanent injunction or other order, decree, judgment or ruling issued by a court of competent jurisdiction or by a governmental,
regulatory or administrative agency or commission, or any statute, rule, regulation or executive order promulgated or enacted by
any governmental authority, prohibiting or otherwise restraining performance of such obligation; provided, however, the Company
must use commercially reasonable efforts to have any such order, decree, judgment or ruling lifted or otherwise overturned as soon
as possible.


 


Section 17. Rights
Certificate Holder Not Deemed a Stockholder. No holder, as such, of any Rights Certificate shall be entitled to vote, receive
dividends or be deemed for any purpose the holder of the number of one one-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock or any other
securities of the Company which may at any time be issuable on the exercise of the Rights represented thereby, nor shall anything
contained herein or in any Rights Certificate be construed to confer upon the holder of any Rights Certificate, as such, any of
the rights of a stockholder of the Company or any right to vote for the election of directors or upon any matter submitted to stockholders
at any meeting thereof, or to give or withhold consent to any corporate action, or to receive notice of meetings or other actions
affecting stockholders (except as provided in Section 24 hereof), or to receive dividends or subscription rights, or otherwise,
until the Right or Rights evidenced by such Rights Certificate shall have been exercised in accordance with the provisions hereof.


 


Section 18. Concerning
the Rights Agent.


 


(a)          The
Company agrees to pay to the Rights Agent reasonable compensation for all services rendered by it hereunder and, from time to time,
on demand of the Rights Agent, its reasonable expenses and counsel fees and disbursements and other disbursements incurred in the
administration and execution of this Agreement and the exercise and performance of its duties hereunder. The Company also agrees
to indemnify the Rights Agent for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss, liability, or expense, incurred without gross negligence,
bad faith or willful misconduct on the part of the Rights Agent, for any action taken, suffered or omitted by the Rights Agent
in connection with the acceptance and administration of this Agreement, including the reasonable costs and expenses of defending
against any claim of liability.


 




    	 	25	 



     


    

 


(b)          The
Rights Agent shall be protected and shall incur no liability for or in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it in
connection with its administration of this Agreement in reliance upon any Rights Certificate or certificate for Common Stock or
for other securities of the Company, instrument of assignment or transfer, power of attorney, endorsement, affidavit, letter, notice,
direction, consent, certificate, statement, or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to be signed, executed
and, where necessary, verified or acknowledged, by the proper Person or Persons.


 


Section 19. Merger
or Consolidation or Change of Name of Rights Agent.


 


(a)          Any
corporation into which the Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent may be merged or with which it may be consolidated, or any
corporation resulting from any merger or consolidation to which the Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent shall be a party,
or any corporation succeeding to the corporate trust, stock transfer or other shareholder services business of the Rights Agent
or any successor Rights Agent, shall be the successor to the Rights Agent under this Agreement without the execution or filing
of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto; but only if such corporation would be eligible for appointment
as a successor Rights Agent under the provisions of Section 21 hereof. In case at the time such successor Rights Agent shall succeed
to the agency created by this Agreement, any of the Rights Certificates shall have been countersigned but not delivered, any such
successor Rights Agent may adopt the countersignature of a predecessor Rights Agent and deliver such Rights Certificates so countersigned;
and in case at that time any of the Rights Certificates shall not have been countersigned, any successor Rights Agent may countersign
such Rights Certificates either in the name of the predecessor or in the name of the successor Rights Agent; and in all such cases
such Rights Certificates shall have the full force provided in the Rights Certificates and in this Agreement.


 


(b)          n
case at any time the name of the Rights Agent shall be changed and at such time any of the Rights Certificates shall have been
countersigned but not delivered, the Rights Agent may adopt the countersignature under its prior name and deliver Rights Certificates
so countersigned; and in case at that time any of the Rights Certificates shall not have been countersigned, the Rights Agent may
countersign such Rights Certificates either in its prior name or in its changed name; and in all such cases such Rights Certificates
shall have the full force provided in the Rights Certificates and in this Agreement.


 


Section 20. Duties
of Rights Agent. The Rights Agent undertakes the duties and obligations imposed by this Agreement upon the following terms
and conditions, by all of which the Company and the holders of Rights Certificates, by their acceptance thereof, shall be bound:


 


(a)          The
Rights Agent may consult with legal counsel (who may be legal counsel for the Company), and the advice of such counsel shall be
full and complete authorization and protection to the Rights Agent as to any action taken or omitted by it in good faith and in
accordance with such opinion.


 




    	 	26	 



     


    

 


(b)          Whenever
in the performance of its duties under this Agreement the Rights Agent shall deem it necessary or desirable that any fact or matter
(including, without limitation, the identity of any Acquiring Person and the determination of Current Market Price) be proved or
established by the Company prior to taking or suffering any action hereunder, such fact or matter (unless other evidence in respect
thereof be herein specifically prescribed) may be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by a certificate signed by the
Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Principal Executive Officer, the Chief Operating Officer, the Principal Financial Officer
or any executive officer of the Company and delivered to the Rights Agent; and such certificate shall be full authorization to
the Rights Agent for any action taken or suffered in good faith by it under the provisions of this Agreement in reliance upon such
certificate.


 


(c)          The
Rights Agent shall be liable hereunder only for its own gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct.


 


(d)          The
Rights Agent shall not be liable for or by reason of any of the statements of fact or recitals contained in this Agreement or in
the Rights Certificates or be required to verify the same (except as to its countersignature on such Rights Certificates), but
all such statements and recitals are and shall be deemed to have been made by the Company only.


 


(e)          The
Rights Agent shall not be under any responsibility in respect of the validity of this Agreement or the execution and delivery hereof
(except the due execution hereof by the Rights Agent) or in respect of the validity or execution of any Rights Certificate (except
its countersignature thereof); nor shall it be responsible for any breach by the Company of any covenant or condition contained
in this Agreement or in any Rights Certificate; nor shall it be responsible for any adjustment required under the provisions of
Section 11 or Section 13 hereof or responsible for the manner, method or amount of any such adjustment or the ascertaining of the
existence of facts that would require any such adjustment (except with respect to the exercise of Rights evidenced by Rights Certificates
after actual notice of any such adjustment); nor shall it by any act hereunder be deemed to make any representation or warranty
as to the authorization or reservation of any shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock to be issued pursuant to this Agreement
or any Rights Certificate or as to whether any shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock will, when so issued, be validly authorized
and issued, fully paid and non-assessable.


 


(f)          The
Company agrees that it will perform, execute, acknowledge and deliver or cause to be performed, executed, acknowledged and delivered
all such further and other acts, instruments and assurances as may reasonably be required by the Rights Agent for the carrying
out or performing by the Rights Agent of the provisions of this Agreement.


 


(g)          The
Rights Agent is hereby authorized and directed to accept instructions with respect to the performance of its duties hereunder from
the Chairman of the Board, the Principal Executive Officer, the Chief Operating Officer, the Principal Financial Officer or any
executive officer of the Company, and to apply to such officers for advice or instructions in connection with its duties, and it
shall not be liable for any action taken or suffered to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with instructions of any such
officer.


 




    	 	27	 



     


    

 


(h)          The
Rights Agent and any stockholder, director, officer or employee of the Rights Agent may buy, sell or deal in any of the Rights
or other securities of the Company or become pecuniarily interested in any transaction in which the Company may be interested,
or contract with or lend money to the Company or otherwise act as fully and freely as though it were not Rights Agent under this
Agreement. Nothing herein shall preclude the Rights Agent from acting in any other capacity for the Company or for any other legal
entity.


 


(i)          The
Rights Agent may execute and exercise any of the rights or powers hereby vested in it or perform any duty hereunder either itself
or by or through its attorneys or agents, and the Rights Agent shall not be answerable or accountable for any act, default, neglect
or misconduct of any such attorneys or agents or for any loss to the Company resulting from any such act, default, neglect or misconduct;
provided, however, reasonable care was exercised in the selection and continued employment thereof.


 


(j)          No
provision of this Agreement shall require the Rights Agent to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability
in the performance of any of its duties hereunder or in the exercise of its rights if there shall be reasonable grounds for believing
that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnification against such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it.


 


(k)          If,
with respect to any Rights Certificate surrendered to the Rights Agent for exercise or transfer, the certificate attached to the
form of assignment or form of election to purchase, as the case may be, has either not been completed or indicates an affirmative
response to clause 1 and/or 2 thereof, the Rights Agent shall not take any further action with respect to such requested exercise
or transfer without first consulting with the Company.


 


Section 21. Change
of Rights Agent. The Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent may resign and be discharged from its duties under this Agreement
upon thirty (30) days’ notice in writing mailed to the Company, and to each transfer agent of the Common Stock and Preferred
Stock, by registered or certified mail, and, if such resignation occurs after the Distribution Date, to the registered holders
of the Rights Certificates by first-class mail. The Company may, in its sole discretion, remove the Rights Agent or any successor
Rights Agent upon thirty (30) days’ notice in writing, mailed to the Rights Agent or successor Rights Agent, as the case
may be, and to each transfer agent of the Common Stock and Preferred Stock, by registered or certified mail, and, if such resignation
occurs after the Distribution Date, to the holders of the Rights Certificates by first-class mail. If the Rights Agent shall resign
or be removed or shall otherwise become incapable of acting, the Company shall appoint a successor to the Rights Agent. If the
Company shall fail to make such appointment within a period of thirty (30) days after giving notice of such removal or after it
has been notified in writing of such resignation or incapacity by the resigning or incapacitated Rights Agent or by the holder
of a Rights Certificate (who shall, with such notice, submit his Rights Certificate for inspection by the Company), then any registered
holder of any Rights Certificate may apply to any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a new Rights Agent. Any
successor Rights Agent, whether appointed by the Company or by such a court, shall be either (a) a legal business entity organized
and doing business under the laws of the United States or of any state of the United States, in good standing, which is authorized
under such laws to exercise corporate trust powers and is subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authority and
which has at the time of its appointment as Rights Agent a combined capital and surplus of at least $100,000,000 or (b) an Affiliate
of a legal business entity described in clause (a) of this sentence. After appointment, the successor Rights Agent shall be vested
with the same powers, rights, duties and responsibilities as if it had been originally named as Rights Agent without further act
or deed; but the predecessor Rights Agent shall deliver and transfer to the successor Rights Agent any property at the time held
by it hereunder, and execute and deliver any further assurance, conveyance, act or deed necessary for the purpose. Not later than
the effective date of any such appointment, the Company shall file notice thereof in writing with the predecessor Rights Agent
and each transfer agent of the Common Stock and the Preferred Stock, and, if such appointment occurs after the Distribution Date,
mail a notice thereof in writing to the registered holders of the Rights Certificates. Failure to give any notice provided for
in this Section 21, however, or any defect therein, shall not affect the legality or validity of the resignation or removal of
the Rights Agent or the appointment of the successor Rights Agent, as the case may be.


 




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Section 22. Issuance
of New Rights Certificates. Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this Agreement or of the Rights to the contrary, the Company
may, at its option, issue new Rights Certificates evidencing Rights in such form as may be approved by its Board of Directors to
reflect any adjustment or change in the Purchase Price and the number or kind or class of shares or other securities or property
purchasable under the Rights Certificates made in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement. In addition, in connection
with the issuance or sale of shares of Common Stock following the Distribution Date and prior to the redemption or expiration of
the Rights, the Company (a) shall, with respect to shares of Common Stock so issued or sold pursuant to the exercise of stock options
or under any employee plan or arrangement, granted or awarded as of the Distribution Date, or upon the exercise, conversion or
exchange of securities hereinafter issued by the Company, and (b) may, in any other case, if deemed necessary or appropriate by
the Board of Directors, issue Rights Certificates representing the appropriate number of Rights in connection with such issuance
or sale; provided, however, that (i) no such Rights Certificate shall be issued if, and to the extent that, the Company shall be
advised by counsel that such issuance would create a significant risk of material adverse tax consequences to the Company or the
Person to whom such Rights Certificate would be issued, and (ii) no such Rights Certificate shall be issued if, and to the extent
that, appropriate adjustment shall otherwise have been made in lieu of the issuance thereof.


 


Section 23. Redemption
and Termination.


 


(a)          The
Board of Directors may, at its option, at any time prior to the earlier of (i) the Close of Business on the tenth day following
the Stock Acquisition Date (or, if the Stock Acquisition Date shall have occurred prior to the Record Date, the Close of Business
on the twentieth day following the Record Date), or (ii) the Final Expiration Date, redeem all but not less than all the then outstanding
Rights at a redemption price of $0.0001 per Right, as such amount may be appropriately adjusted to reflect any stock split, stock
dividend or similar transaction occurring after the date hereof (such redemption price being hereinafter referred to as the “Redemption
Price”). Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, the Rights shall not be exercisable after
the first occurrence of a Section 11(a)(ii) Event until such time as the Company’s right of redemption hereunder has expired.
The Company may, at its option, pay the Redemption Price in cash, shares of Common Stock (based on the “Current Market Price,”
as defined in Section 11(d)(i) hereof, of the Common Stock at the time of redemption) or any other form of consideration deemed
appropriate by the Board of Directors. The redemption of the Rights by the Board of Directors may be made effective at such time,
on such basis and with such conditions as the Board of Directors in its sole discretion may establish.


 




    	 	29	 



     


    

 


(b)          Immediately
upon the action of the Board of Directors ordering the redemption of the Rights, evidence of which shall have been filed with the
Rights Agent and without any further action and without any notice, the right to exercise the Rights will terminate and the only
right thereafter of the holders of Rights shall be to receive the Redemption Price for each Right so held. Promptly after the action
of the Board of Directors ordering the redemption of the Rights, the Company shall give notice of such redemption to the Rights
Agent and the holders of the then outstanding Rights by mailing such notice to all such holders at each holder’s last address
as it appears upon the registry books of the Rights Agent or, prior to the Distribution Date, on the registry books of the transfer
agent for the Common Stock. Any notice which is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be deemed given, whether or not the
holder receives the notice. Each such notice of redemption will state the method by which the payment of the Redemption Price will
be made.


 


Section 24. Notice
of Certain Events.


 


(a)          In
case the Company shall propose, at any time after the Distribution Date, (i) to pay any dividend payable in stock of any class
to the holders of Preferred Stock or to make any other distribution to the holders of Preferred Stock (other than a regular quarterly
cash dividend out of earnings or retained earnings of the Company), or (ii) to offer to the holders of Preferred Stock rights or
warrants to subscribe for or to purchase any additional shares of Preferred Stock or shares of stock of any class or any other
securities, rights or options, or (iii) to effect any reclassification of its Preferred Stock (other than a reclassification involving
only the subdivision of outstanding shares of Preferred Stock), or (iv) to effect any consolidation or merger into or with any
other Person (other than a Subsidiary of the Company in a transaction which complies with Section 11(o) hereof), or to effect any
sale or other transfer (or to permit one or more of its Subsidiaries to effect any sale or other transfer), in one transaction
or a series of related transactions, of more than 50% of the assets, cash flow or earning power of the Company and its Subsidiaries
(taken as a whole) to any other Person or Persons (other than the Company and/or any of its Subsidiaries in one or more transactions
each of which complies with Section 11(o) hereof), or (v) to effect the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company,
then, in each such case, the Company shall give to each holder of a Rights Certificate, to the extent feasible and in accordance
with Section 25 hereof, a notice of such proposed action, which shall specify the record date for the purposes of such stock dividend,
distribution of rights or warrants, or the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer, liquidation,
dissolution, or winding up is to take place and the date of participation therein by the holders of the shares of Preferred Stock,
if any such date is to be fixed, and such notice shall be so given in the case of any action covered by clause (i) or (ii) above
at least twenty (20) days prior to the record date for determining holders of the shares of Preferred Stock for purposes of such
action, and in the case of any such other action, at least twenty (20) days prior to the date of the taking of such proposed action
or the date of participation therein by the holders of the shares of Preferred Stock, whichever shall be the earlier.


 




    	 	30	 



     


    

 


(b)          In
case any of the events set forth in Section 11(a)(ii) hereof shall occur, then, in any such case, (i) the Company shall as soon
as practicable thereafter give to each holder of a Rights Certificate, to the extent feasible and in accordance with Section 25
hereof, a notice of the occurrence of such event, which shall specify the event and the consequences of the event to holders of
Rights under Section 11(a)(ii) hereof, and (ii) all references in the preceding paragraph to Preferred Stock shall be deemed thereafter
to refer to Common Stock and/or, if appropriate, other securities.


 


Section 25. Notices.
Notices or demands authorized by this Agreement to be given or made by the Rights Agent or by the holder of any Rights Certificate
to or on the Company shall be sufficiently given or made if sent by first-class mail, postage prepaid, addressed (until another
address is filed in writing with the Rights Agent) or by facsimile transmission as follows:


 


PharmAthene, Inc.


Attn: Chief Financial
Officer.


One Park Place


Suite 450


Annapolis, Maryland
21401


Facsimile No.: 410-269-2601


 


Subject to the provisions
of Section 21, any notice or demand authorized by this Agreement to be given or made by the Company or by the holder of any Rights
Certificate to or on the Rights Agent shall be sufficiently given or made if sent by first-class mail, postage prepaid, addressed
(until another address is filed in writing with the Company) as follows:


 


Continental Stock Transfer
& Trust Company


Attn: Compliance Dept.


17 Battery Place 8th
Floor


New York, NY 10004


Facsimile No.: 212-616-7608/7616


 


Notices or demands
authorized by this Agreement to be given or made by the Company or the Rights Agent to the holder of any Rights Certificate (or,
if prior to the Distribution Date, to the holder of certificates representing shares of Common Stock) shall be sufficiently given
or made if sent by first-class mail, postage prepaid, addressed to such holder at the address of such holder as shown on the registry
books of the Company.


 


Section 26. Supplements
and Amendments. Prior to the Distribution Date and subject to the penultimate sentence of this Section 26, the Company and
the Rights Agent shall, if the Company so directs, supplement or amend any provision of this Agreement without the approval of
any holders of certificates representing shares of Common Stock. From and after the Distribution Date and subject to the penultimate
sentence of this Section 26, the Company and the Rights Agent shall, if the Company so directs, supplement or amend this Agreement
without the approval of any holders of Rights Certificates in order (i) to cure any ambiguity, (ii) to correct or supplement any
provision contained herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provisions herein, (iii) to shorten or lengthen
any time period hereunder, or (iv) to change or supplement the provisions hereunder in any manner which the Company may deem necessary
or desirable and which shall not adversely affect the interests of the holders of Rights Certificates (other than an Acquiring
Person or an Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person); provided, however, this Agreement may not be supplemented or amended
to lengthen, pursuant to clause (iii) of this sentence, (A) a time period relating to when the Rights may be redeemed at such time
as the Rights are not then redeemable, or (B) any other time period unless such lengthening is for the purpose of protecting, enhancing
or clarifying the rights of, and/or the benefits to, the holders of Rights. Upon the delivery of a certificate from an appropriate
officer of the Company which states that the proposed supplement or amendment is in compliance with the terms of this Section 26,
the Rights Agent shall execute such supplement or amendment. Prior to the Distribution Date, the interests of the holders of Rights
shall be deemed coincident with the interests of the holders of Common Stock.


 




    	 	31	 



     


    

 


Section 27. Exchange.


 


(a)          (i)          The
Company may, at its option, at any time after the Stock Acquisition Date, upon resolution by the Board of Directors, exchange all
or part of the then outstanding and exercisable Rights (which shall not include Rights that have become void pursuant to the provisions
of Section 7(e) hereof) for Common Stock at an exchange ratio of one share of Common Stock per Right, appropriately adjusted to
reflect any stock split, stock dividend or similar transaction occurring after the date of this Agreement (such exchange ratio
being hereinafter referred to as the “Section 27(a)(i) Exchange Ratio”). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the
Company may not effect such exchange at any time after any Acquiring Person, together with all Affiliates and Associates of such
Acquiring Person, becomes the Beneficial Owner of 50% or more of the shares of Common Stock then outstanding.


 


(ii)         The
Company may, at its option, at any time after the Stock Acquisition Date, upon resolution by the Board of Directors, exchange all
or part of the then outstanding and exercisable Rights (which shall not include Rights that have become void pursuant to the provisions
of Section 7(e) hereof) for Common Stock at an exchange ratio specified in the following sentence, as appropriately adjusted to
reflect any stock split, stock dividend or similar transaction occurring after the date of this Agreement. Subject to such adjustment,
each Right may be exchanged for that number of shares of Common Stock obtained by dividing the Adjustment Spread (as defined below)
by the then Current Market Price (determined pursuant to Section 11(d) hereof) per share of Common Stock on the earlier of (i)
the date on which any Person becomes an Acquiring Person or (ii) the date on which a tender or exchange offer by any Person (other
than an Exempted Person, the Company, any Subsidiary of the Company, any employee benefit plan of the Company or of any Subsidiary
of the Company, or any Person organized, appointed or established by the Company for or pursuant to the terms of any such plan)
is first published or sent or given within the meaning of Rule 14d-4(a) of the General Rules and Regulations under the Exchange
Act, if upon consummation thereof such Person would be the Beneficial Owner of 4.99% or more of the shares of Common Stock then
outstanding (such exchange ratio being the “Section 27(a)(ii) Exchange Ratio”). The “Adjustment Spread”
shall equal (x) the aggregate market price on the date of such event of the number of Adjustment Shares determined pursuant to
Section 11(a)(ii) minus (y) the Purchase Price.


 


(iii)        Notwithstanding
anything contained in this Section 27(a) to the contrary, the Company may not exchange any Rights pursuant to this Section 27(a)
unless such exchange is approved by a majority of the members of the Board of Directors.


 




    	 	32	 



     


    

 


(b)          Immediately
upon the action of the Board of Directors ordering the exchange of any Rights pursuant to paragraph (a) of this Section 27 and
without any further action and without any notice, the right to exercise such Rights shall terminate and the only right thereafter
of a holder of such Rights shall be to receive that number of shares of Common Stock equal to the number of such Rights held by
such holder multiplied by the Section 27(a)(i) Exchange Ratio or Section 27(a)(ii) Exchange Ratio, as the case may be. The Company
shall promptly give public notice of any such exchange; provided, however, that the failure to give, or any defect in, such notice
shall not affect the validity of such exchange. The Company promptly shall mail a notice of any such exchange to all of the holders
of such Rights at their last addresses as they appear upon the registry books of the Rights Agent. Any notice which is mailed in
the manner herein provided shall be deemed given, whether or not the holder receives the notice. Each such notice of exchange will
state the method by which the exchange of the shares of Common Stock for Rights will be effected and, in the event of any partial
exchange, the number of Rights which will be exchanged. Any partial exchange shall be effected pro rata based on the number of
Rights (other than Rights which have become void pursuant to the provisions of Section 7(e) hereof) held by each holder of Rights.


 


(c)          In
the event that there shall not be sufficient shares of Common Stock issued but not outstanding or authorized but unissued to permit
any exchange of Rights as contemplated in accordance with this Section 27, the Company shall make adequate provision to substitute,
to the extent that there are insufficient shares of Common Stock available (1) cash, (2) other equity securities of the Company,
(3) debt securities of the Company, (4) other assets or (5) any combination of the foregoing, having an aggregate value per Right
equal to (x) in the case of an exchange pursuant to Section 27(a)(i), the then current per share market price (determined pursuant
to Section 11(d) hereof) of the Common Stock multiplied by the Section 27(a)(i) Exchange Ratio and (y) in the case of an exchange
pursuant to Section 27(a)(ii), the Adjustment Spread, where such aggregate value has been determined by a majority of the members
of the Board of Directors, after receiving advice from a nationally recognized investment banking firm. To the extent that the
Company determines that any such substitution must be made, the Company shall provide, subject to Section 7(e) hereof, that such
substitution shall apply uniformly to all outstanding Rights.


 


(d)          The
Company shall not be required to issue fractions of shares of Common Stock or to distribute certificates which evidence fractional
shares of Common Stock. In lieu of such fractional shares of Common Stock, the Company shall pay to the registered holders of the
Rights Certificates with regard to which such fractional shares of Common Stock would otherwise be issuable an amount in cash equal
to the same fraction of the current market value of a whole share of Common Stock. For the purposes of this paragraph (d), the
current market value of a whole share of Common Stock shall be the closing price of a share of Common Stock (as determined pursuant
to the second sentence of Section 11(d) hereof) for the Trading Day immediately prior to the date of the exchange pursuant to this
Section 27.


 


Section 28. Successors.
All the covenants and provisions of this Agreement by or for the benefit of the Company or the Rights Agent shall bind and inure
to the benefit of their respective successors and assigns hereunder.


 




    	 	33	 



     


    

 


Section 29. Determinations
and Actions by the Board of Directors, etc. The Board of Directors shall have the exclusive power and authority to administer
this Agreement and to exercise all rights and powers specifically granted to the Board of Directors or to the Company, or as may
be necessary or advisable in the administration of this Agreement, including, without limitation, the right and power to (i) interpret
the provisions of this Agreement, and (ii) make all determinations deemed necessary or advisable for the administration of this
Agreement (including a determination to redeem or not redeem the Rights or to amend this Agreement). All such actions, calculations,
interpretations and determinations (including, for purposes of clause (y) below, all omissions with respect to the foregoing) which
are done or made by the Board of Directors in good faith, shall (x) be final, conclusive and binding on the Company, the Rights
Agent, the holders of the Rights and all other parties, and (y) not subject the Board of Directors to any liability to the holders
of the Rights.


 


Section 30. Benefits
of this Agreement.  Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to give to any Person other than the Company, the Rights Agent
and the registered holders of the Rights Certificates (and, prior to the Distribution Date, registered holders of the Common Stock)
any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Agreement; but this Agreement shall be for the sole and exclusive benefit
of the Company, the Rights Agent and the registered holders of the Rights Certificates (and, prior to the Distribution Date, registered
holders of the Common Stock).


 


Section 31. Severability.
If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction or other authority
to be invalid, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions of this Agreement shall
remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated; provided, however, that notwithstanding
anything in this Agreement to the contrary, if any such term, provision, covenant or restriction is held by such court or authority
to be invalid, void or unenforceable and the Board of Directors determines in its good faith judgment that severing the invalid
language from this Agreement would adversely affect the purpose or effect of this Agreement, the right of redemption set forth
in Section 23 hereof shall be reinstated and shall not expire until the Close of Business on the twentieth day following the date
of such determination by the Board of Directors.


 


Section 32. Governing
Law. This Agreement, each Right and each Rights Certificate issued hereunder shall be deemed to be a contract made under the
laws of the State of Delaware and for all purposes shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of such State
applicable to contracts made and to be performed entirely within such State.


 


Section 33. Counterparts.
This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts and each of such counterparts shall for all purposes be deemed to
be an original, and all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.


 




    	 	34	 



     


    

 


Section 34. Descriptive
Headings. Descriptive headings of the several sections of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not control
or affect the meaning or construction of any of the provisions hereof and the words “herein,” “hereof,”
“hereby,” “hereto,” “hereunder” and words of similar import are references to this Agreement
as a whole and not to any particular section or other provision hereof.


 


(SIGNATURE PAGE IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWS)


 




    	 	35	 



     


    

 


IN WITNESS WHEREOF,
the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed and their respective corporate seals to be hereunto affixed and
attested, all as of the day and year first above written.


 


	Attest:  	 	PHARMATHENE, INC.
	 	 	 
	By:	/s/ Phillip MacNeil	 	By:	/s/ John M. Gill
	 	 	 	 	 
	 	 	 	 	Name:  John M. Gill
	 	 	 	 	Title:    President
    and      CEO


 


	Attest:	 	CONTINENTAL STOCK TRANSFER & TRUST COMPANY
	 	 	 
	By:	/s/ Henry Farrell	 	By:	/s/ Jeanne Schaffer
	 	 	 	 	 
	 	 	 	 	Name:  Jeanne Schaffer
	 	 	 	 	Title:    Vice President


 




    	 	36	 



     


    

 


EXHIBIT A


 


Form of Certificate of Designation


 


CERTIFICATE OF DESIGNATION


 


OF


 


SERIES A JUNIOR PARTICIPATING PREFERRED
STOCK


 


OF


 


PHARMATHENE, INC.


 


Pursuant to Section 151 of the


 


General Corporation Law of the State of
Delaware


 


The undersigned do
hereby certify that the following resolution was duly adopted by the Board of Directors of PharmAthene, Inc., a Delaware corporation
(the “Company”), on November 25, 2015:


 


RESOLVED, that pursuant
to the authority vested in the board of directors of the Company (the “Board of Directors”) by the Company’s
Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), the Board of Directors does hereby create,
authorize and provide for the issue of a series of Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company, to be designated
“Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock”, initially consisting of 100,000 shares, and to the extent that the
designations, powers, preferences and relative and other special rights and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of
the Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock are not stated and expressed in the Certificate of Incorporation, does hereby
fix and herein state and express such designations, powers, preferences and relative and other special rights and the qualifications,
limitations and restrictions thereof, as follows (all terms used herein which are defined in the Certificate of Incorporation shall
be deemed to have the meanings provided therein):


 


Section 1. Designation
and Amount. The shares of such series shall be designated as “Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock” and
the number of shares constituting such series shall be 100,000.


 




    	 	37	 



     


    

 


Section 2. Dividends
and Distributions.


 


(a)          The
holders of shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by the
Board of Directors of PharmAthene, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), out of funds legally available
for the purpose, quarterly dividends payable in cash on the last day of March, June, September and November in each year (each
such date being referred to herein as a “Quarterly Dividend Payment Date”), commencing on the first Quarterly
Dividend Payment Date after the first issuance of a share or fraction of a share of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock,
in an amount per share (rounded to the nearest cent) equal to the greater of (a) $1.00 or (b) subject to the provision for adjustment
hereinafter set forth, 1,000 times the aggregate per share amount of all cash dividends, and 1,000 times the aggregate per share
amount (payable in kind) of all non-cash dividends or other distributions other than a dividend payable in shares of Common Stock
or a subdivision of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (by reclassification or otherwise), declared on the Common Stock, par
value $0.0001 per share, of the Company (the “Common Stock”) since the immediately preceding Quarterly Dividend Payment
Date, or, with respect to the first Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, since the first issuance of any share or fraction of a share
of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock. In the event the Company shall at any time after December 9, 2015 (the “Rights
Declaration Date”) (i) declare any dividend on Common Stock payable in shares of Common Stock, (ii) subdivide the outstanding
Common Stock, or (iii) combine the outstanding Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, then in each such case the amount
to which holders of shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock were entitled immediately prior to such event under
clause (b) of the preceding sentence shall be adjusted by multiplying such amount by a fraction the numerator of which is the number
of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event and the denominator of which is the number of shares of Common
Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to such event.


 


(b)          The
Company shall declare a dividend or distribution on the outstanding shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock as
provided in Paragraph (A) above immediately after it declares a dividend or distribution on the Common Stock (other than a dividend
payable in shares of Common Stock); provided that, in the event no dividend or distribution shall have been declared on the Common
Stock during the period between any Quarterly Dividend Payment Date and the next subsequent Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, a
dividend of $1.00 per share on the outstanding shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock shall nevertheless be payable
on such subsequent Quarterly Dividend Payment Date.


 


(c)          Dividends
shall begin to accrue and be cumulative on outstanding shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock from the Quarterly
Dividend Payment Date next preceding the date of issue of such shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, unless
the date of issue of such shares is prior to the record date for the first Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, in which case dividends
on such shares shall begin to accrue from the date of issue of such shares, or unless the date of issue is a Quarterly Dividend
Payment Date or is a date after the record date for the determination of holders of shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred
Stock entitled to receive a quarterly dividend and before such Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, in either of which events such
dividends shall begin to accrue and be cumulative from such Quarterly Dividend Payment Date. Accrued but unpaid dividends shall
not bear interest. Dividends paid on the shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock in an amount less than the total
amount of such dividends at the time accrued and payable on such shares shall be allocated pro rata on a share-by-share basis among
all such shares at the time outstanding. The Board of Directors may fix a record date for the determination of holders of shares
of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock entitled to receive payment of a dividend or distribution declared thereon, which
record date shall be no more than thirty (30) days prior to the date fixed for the payment thereof.


 


Section 3. Voting
Rights. The holders of shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock shall have the following voting rights:


 




    	 	38	 



     


    

 


(a)          Subject
to the provision for adjustment hereinafter set forth, each share of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock shall entitle
the holder thereof to 1,000 votes on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders of the Company. In the event the Company
shall at any time after the Rights Declaration Date (i) declare any dividend on Common Stock payable in shares of Common Stock,
(ii) subdivide the outstanding Common Stock, or (iii) combine the outstanding Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, then
in each such case the number of votes per share to which holders of shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock were
entitled immediately prior to such event shall be adjusted by multiplying such number by a fraction the numerator of which is the
number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event and the denominator of which is the number of shares
of Common Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to such event.


 


(b)          Except
as otherwise provided herein or by law, the holders of shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock and the holders
of shares of Common Stock shall vote together as one class on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders of the Company.


 


(c)          (i)          If
at any time dividends on any Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock shall be in arrears in an amount equal to six (6) quarterly
dividends thereon, the occurrence of such contingency shall mark the beginning of a period (herein called a “default period”)
which shall extend until such time when all accrued and unpaid dividends for all previous quarterly dividend periods and for the
current quarterly dividend period on all shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock then outstanding shall have been
declared and paid or set apart for payment. During each default period, all holders of Preferred Stock (including holders of the
Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock) with dividends in arrears in an amount equal to six (6) quarterly dividends thereon,
voting as a class, irrespective of series, shall have the right to elect two (2) Directors.


 


(ii)         During
any default period, such voting right of the holders of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock may be exercised initially
at a special meeting called pursuant to subparagraph (iii) of this Section 3(c) or at any annual meeting of stockholders, and thereafter
at annual meetings of stockholders, provided that such voting right shall not be exercised unless the holders of ten percent (10%)
in number of shares of Preferred Stock outstanding shall be present in person or by proxy. The absence of a quorum of the holders
of Common Stock shall not affect the exercise by the holders of Preferred Stock of such voting right. At any meeting at which the
holders of Preferred Stock shall exercise such voting right initially during an existing default period, they shall have the right,
voting as a class, to elect Directors to fill such vacancies, if any, in the Board of Directors as may then exist up to two (2)
Directors or, if such right is exercised at an annual meeting, to elect two (2) Directors. If the number which may be so elected
at any special meeting does not amount to the required number, the holders of the Preferred Stock shall have the right to make
such increase in the number of Directors as shall be necessary to permit the election by them of the required number. After the
holders of the Preferred Stock shall have exercised their right to elect Directors in any default period and during the continuance
of such period, the number of Directors shall not be increased or decreased except by vote of the holders of Preferred Stock as
herein provided or pursuant to the rights of any equity securities ranking senior to or pari passu with the Series A Junior
Participating Preferred Stock.


 




    	 	39	 



     


    

 


(iii)        Unless
the holders of Preferred Stock shall, during an existing default period, have previously exercised their right to elect Directors,
the Board of Directors may order, or any stockholder or stockholders owning in the aggregate not less than ten percent (10%) of
the total number of shares of Preferred Stock outstanding, irrespective of series, may request, the calling of a special meeting
of the holders of Preferred Stock, which meeting shall thereupon be called by the President, a Vice-President or the Secretary
of the Company. Notice of such meeting and of any annual meeting at which holders of Preferred Stock are entitled to vote pursuant
to this Paragraph (c)(iii) shall be given to each holder of record of Preferred Stock by mailing a copy of such notice to such
holder at such holder’s last address as the same appears on the books of the Company. Such meeting shall be called for a
time not earlier than twenty (20) days and not later than sixty (60) days after such order or request, or in default of the calling
of such meeting within sixty (60) days after such order or request, such meeting may be called on similar notice by any stockholder
or stockholders owning in the aggregate not less than ten percent (10%) of the total number of shares of Preferred Stock outstanding.
Notwithstanding the provisions of this Paragraph (c)(iii), no such special meeting shall be called during the period within sixty
(60) days immediately preceding the date fixed for the next annual meeting of the stockholders.


 


(iv)        In
any default period, the holders of Common Stock, and other classes of stock of the Company if applicable, shall continue to be
entitled to elect the whole number of Directors until the holders of Preferred Stock shall have exercised their right to elect
two (2) Directors voting as a class, after the exercise of which right (x) the Directors so elected by the holders of Preferred
Stock shall continue in office until their successors shall have been elected by such holders or until the expiration of the default
period, and (y) any vacancy in the Board of Directors may (except as provided in Paragraph (c)(ii) of this Section 3) be filled
by vote of a majority of the remaining Directors theretofore elected by the holders of the class of stock which elected the Director
whose office shall have become vacant. References in this Paragraph (c) to Directors elected by the holders of a particular class
of stock shall include Directors elected by such Directors to fill vacancies as provided in clause (y) of the foregoing sentence.


 


(v)         Immediately
upon the expiration of a default period, (x) the right of the holders of Preferred Stock as a class to elect Directors shall cease,
(y) the term of any Directors elected by the holders of Preferred Stock as a class shall terminate, and (z) the number of Directors
shall be such number as may be provided for in the Certificate of Incorporation or by-laws of the Company irrespective of any increase
made pursuant to the provisions of Paragraph (c)(ii) of this Section 3 (such number being subject, however, to change thereafter
in any manner provided by law or in the Certificate of Incorporation or by-laws of the Company). Any vacancies in the Board of
Directors effected by the provisions of clauses (y) and (z) in the preceding sentence may be filled by a majority of the remaining
Directors.


 


(d)          Except
as set forth herein, holders of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock shall have no special voting rights and their consent
shall not be required (except to the extent they are entitled to vote with holders of Common Stock as set forth herein) for taking
any corporate action.


 




    	 	40	 



     


    

 


Section 4. Certain
Restrictions.


 


(a)          Whenever
quarterly dividends or other dividends or distributions payable on the Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock as provided
in Section 2 hereof are in arrears, thereafter and until all accrued and unpaid dividends and distributions, whether or not declared,
on shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock outstanding shall have been paid in full, the Company shall not:


 


(i)          declare
or pay dividends on, make any other distributions on, or redeem or purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration any shares of
stock ranking junior (either as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up) to the Series A Junior Participating
Preferred Stock;


 


(ii)         declare
or pay dividends on or make any other distributions on any shares of stock ranking on a parity (either as to dividends or upon
liquidation, dissolution or winding up) with the Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, except dividends paid ratably on
the Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock and all such parity stock on which dividends are payable or in arrears in proportion
to the total amounts to which the holders of all such shares are then entitled;


 


(iii)        redeem
or purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration shares of any stock ranking on a parity (either as to dividends or upon liquidation,
dissolution or winding up) with the Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, provided that the Company may at any time redeem,
purchase or otherwise acquire shares of any such parity stock in exchange for shares of any stock of the Company ranking junior
(either as to dividends or upon dissolution, liquidation or winding up) to the Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock; or


 


(iv)        purchase
or otherwise acquire for consideration any shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, or any shares of stock ranking
on a parity (either as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up) with the Series A Junior Participating Preferred
Stock, except in accordance with a purchase offer made in writing or by publication (as determined by the Board of Directors) to
all holders of such shares upon such terms as the Board of Directors, after consideration of the respective annual dividend rates
and other relative rights and preferences of the respective series and classes, shall determine in good faith will result in fair
and equitable treatment among the respective series or classes.


 


(b)          The
Company shall not permit any subsidiary of the Company to purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration any shares of stock of
the Company unless the Company could, under Paragraph (a) of this Section 4, purchase or otherwise acquire such shares at such
time and in such manner.


 


Section 5. Reacquired
Shares. Any shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock purchased or otherwise acquired by the Company in any manner
whatsoever shall be retired and canceled promptly after the acquisition thereof. All such shares shall upon their cancellation
become authorized but unissued shares of Preferred Stock and may be reissued as part of a new series of Preferred Stock to be created
by resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors, subject to the conditions and restrictions on issuance set forth herein.


 




    	 	41	 



     


    

 


Section 6. Liquidation,
Dissolution or Winding Up.


 


(a)          Upon
any liquidation (voluntary or otherwise), dissolution or winding up of the Company, no distribution shall be made to the holders
of shares of stock ranking junior (either as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up) to the Series A Junior
Participating Preferred Stock unless, prior thereto, the holders of shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock shall
have received an amount equal to $1,000 per share of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, plus an amount equal to accrued
and unpaid dividends and distributions thereon, whether or not declared, to the date of such payment (the “Series A Liquidation
Preference”). Following the payment of the full amount of the Series A Liquidation Preference, no additional distributions
shall be made to the holders of shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock unless, prior thereto, the holders of shares
of Common Stock shall have received an amount per share (the “Common Adjustment”) equal to the quotient obtained
by dividing (i) the Series A Liquidation Preference by (ii) 1,000 (as appropriately adjusted as set forth in subparagraph (c) below
to reflect such events as stock splits, stock dividends and recapitalizations with respect to the Common Stock) (such number in
clause (ii), the “Adjustment Number”). Following the payment of the full amount of the Series A Liquidation Preference
and the Common Adjustment in respect of all outstanding shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock and Common Stock,
respectively, holders of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock and holders of shares of Common Stock shall receive their
ratable and proportionate share of the remaining assets to be distributed in the ratio of the Adjustment Number to 1 with respect
to such Preferred Stock and Common Stock, on a per share basis, respectively.


 


(b)          In
the event, however, that there are not sufficient assets available to permit payment in full of the Series A Liquidation Preference
and the liquidation preferences of all other series of Preferred Stock, if any, which rank on a parity (either as to dividends
or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up) with the Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, then such remaining assets
shall be distributed ratably to the holders of such parity shares in proportion to their respective liquidation preferences. In
the event, however, that there are not sufficient assets available to permit payment in full of the Common Adjustment, then such
remaining assets shall be distributed ratably to the holders of Common Stock.


 


(c)          In
the event the Company shall at any time after the Rights Declaration Date (i) declare any dividend on Common Stock payable in shares
of Common Stock, (ii) subdivide the outstanding Common Stock, or (iii) combine the outstanding Common Stock into a smaller number
of shares, then in each such case the Adjustment Number in effect immediately prior to such event shall be adjusted by multiplying
such Adjustment Number by a fraction the numerator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after
such event and the denominator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to such
event.


 




    	 	42	 



     


    

 


Section 7. Consolidation,
Merger, etc. In case the Company shall enter into any consolidation, merger, combination or other transaction in which the
shares of Common Stock are exchanged for or changed into other stock or securities, cash and/or any other property, then in any
such case the shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock shall at the same time be similarly exchanged or changed
in an amount per share (subject to the provision for adjustment hereinafter set forth) equal to 1,000 times the aggregate amount
of stock, securities, cash and/or any other property (payable in kind), as the case may be, into which or for which each share
of Common Stock is changed or exchanged. In the event the Company shall at any time after the Rights Declaration Date (i) declare
any dividend on Common Stock payable in shares of Common Stock, (ii) subdivide the outstanding Common Stock, or (iii) combine the
outstanding Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, then in each such case the amount set forth in the preceding sentence
with respect to the exchange or change of shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock shall be adjusted by multiplying
such amount by a fraction the numerator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event
and the denominator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to such event.


 


Section 8. No Redemption.
The shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock shall not be redeemable.


 


Section 9. Amendment.
The Certificate of Incorporation shall not be further amended in any manner which would materially alter or change the powers,
preferences or special rights of the Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock so as to affect them adversely without the affirmative
vote of the holders of a majority or more of the outstanding shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, voting separately
as a class.


 


Section 10. Fractional
Shares. Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock may be issued in fractions of a share which shall entitle the holder,
in proportion to such holder’s fractional shares, to exercise voting rights, receive dividends, participate in distributions
and to have the benefit of all other rights of holders of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock.


 




    	 	43	 



     


    

 


Exhibit B


 


[Form of Rights Certificate]


 


Certificate No. R-Rights


 


NOT EXERCISABLE AFTER
NOVEMBER 25, 2018 OR EARLIER IF REDEEMED BY THE COMPANY. THE RIGHTS ARE SUBJECT TO REDEMPTION, AT THE OPTION OF THE COMPANY, AT
$0.0001 PER RIGHT ON THE TERMS SET FORTH IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT. UNDER CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES, RIGHTS BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY AN
ACQUIRING PERSON (AS SUCH TERM IS DEFINED IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT) AND ANY SUBSEQUENT HOLDER OF SUCH RIGHTS MAY BECOME NULL AND
VOID. [THE RIGHTS REPRESENTED BY THIS RIGHTS CERTIFICATE ARE OR WERE BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY A PERSON WHO WAS OR BECAME AN ACQUIRING
PERSON OR AN AFFILIATE OR ASSOCIATE OF AN ACQUIRING PERSON (AS SUCH TERMS ARE DEFINED IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT). ACCORDINGLY, THIS
RIGHTS CERTIFICATE AND THE RIGHTS REPRESENTED HEREBY MAY BECOME NULL AND VOID IN THE CIRCUMSTANCES SPECIFIED IN SECTION 7(e) OF
SUCH AGREEMENT.]


 


Rights Certificate


 


PHARMATHENE, INC.


 


This certifies that
[ ], or registered assigns, is the registered owner of the number of Rights set forth above, each of which entitles the owner thereof,
subject to the terms, provisions and conditions of the Section 382 Rights Agreement, dated as of November 25, 2015 (the “Rights
Agreement”), between PharmAthene, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and Continental Stock
Transfer & Trust Company, a New York corporation (the “Rights Agent”), to purchase from the Company at any
time prior to 5:00 P.M. (New York City time) on November 25, 2018 at the office or offices of the Rights Agent designated for such
purpose, or its successors as Rights Agent, one one-thousandth of a fully paid, non-assessable share of Series A Junior Participating
Preferred Stock (the “Preferred Stock”) of the Company, at a purchase price of $6.00 per one one-thousandth
of a share (the “Purchase Price”), upon presentation and surrender of this Rights Certificate with the Form
of Election to Purchase and related Certificate duly executed. The number of Rights evidenced by this Rights Certificate (and the
number of shares which may be purchased upon exercise thereof) set forth above, and the Purchase Price per share set forth above,
are the number and Purchase Price as of November 25, 2015 based on the Preferred Stock as constituted at such date. The Company
reserves the right to require prior to the occurrence of a Triggering Event (as such term is defined in the Rights Agreement) that
a number of Rights be exercised so that only whole shares of Preferred Stock will be issued.


 


Upon the occurrence
of a Section 11(a)(ii) Event (as such term is defined in the Rights Agreement), if the Rights evidenced by this Rights Certificate
are beneficially owned by (i) an Acquiring Person or an Affiliate or Associate of any such Acquiring Person (as such terms are
defined in the Rights Agreement), (ii) a transferee of any such Acquiring Person, Associate or Affiliate, or (iii) under certain
circumstances specified in the Rights Agreement, a transferee of a person who, after such transfer, became an Acquiring Person,
or an Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person, such Rights shall become null and void and no holder hereof shall have any
right with respect to such Rights from and after the occurrence of such Section 11(a)(ii) Event.


 




    	 	44	 



     


    

 


As provided in the
Rights Agreement, the Purchase Price and the number and kind of shares of Preferred Stock or other securities, which may be purchased
upon the exercise of the Rights evidenced by this Rights Certificate are subject to modification and adjustment upon the happening
of certain events, including Triggering Events.


 


This Rights Certificate
is subject to all of the terms, provisions and conditions of the Rights Agreement, which terms, provisions and conditions are hereby
incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof and to which Rights Agreement reference is hereby made for a full description
of the rights, limitations of rights, obligations, duties and immunities hereunder of the Rights Agent, the Company and the holders
of the Rights Certificates, which limitations of rights include the temporary suspension of the exercisability of such Rights under
the specific circumstances set forth in the Rights Agreement. Copies of the Rights Agreement are on file at the above-mentioned
office of the Rights Agent and are also available upon written request to the Rights Agent.


 


This Rights Certificate,
with or without other Rights Certificates, upon surrender at the principal office or offices of the Rights Agent designated for
such purpose, may be exchanged for another Rights Certificate or Rights Certificates of like tenor and date evidencing Rights entitling
the holder to purchase a like aggregate number of one one-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock as the Rights evidenced by
the Rights Certificate or Rights Certificates surrendered shall have entitled such holder to purchase. If this Rights Certificate
shall be exercised in part, the holder shall be entitled to receive upon surrender hereof another Rights Certificate or Rights
Certificates for the number of whole Rights not exercised.


 


Subject to the provisions
of the Rights Agreement, the Rights evidenced by this Certificate may be redeemed by the Company at its option at a redemption
price of $0.0001 per Right at any time prior to the earlier of the close of business on (i) the tenth day following the Stock Acquisition
Date (as such time period may be extended pursuant to the Rights Agreement), and (ii) the Final Expiration Date. In addition, the
Rights may be exchanged, in whole or in part, for shares of the Common Stock, or shares of preferred stock of the Company having
essentially the same value or economic rights as such shares. Immediately upon the action of the Board of Directors of the Company
authorizing any such exchange, and without any further action or any notice, the Rights (other than Rights which are not subject
to such exchange) will terminate and the Rights will only enable holders to receive the shares issuable upon such exchange.


 


No fractional shares
of Preferred Stock will be issued upon the exercise of any Right or Rights evidenced hereby (other than fractions which are integral
multiples of one one-thousandth of a share of Preferred Stock, which may, at the election of the Company, be evidenced by depositary
receipts), but in lieu thereof a cash payment will be made, as provided in the Rights Agreement.


 




    	 	45	 



     


    

 


No holder of this Rights
Certificate shall be entitled to vote or receive dividends or be deemed for any purpose the holder of shares of Preferred Stock
or of any other securities of the Company which may at any time be issuable on the exercise hereof, nor shall anything contained
in the Rights Agreement or herein be construed to confer upon the holder hereof, as such, any of the rights of a stockholder of
the Company or any right to vote for the election of directors or upon any matter submitted to stockholders at any meeting thereof,
or to give consent to or withhold consent from any corporate action, or, to receive notice of meetings or other actions affecting
stockholders (except as provided in the Rights Agreement), or to receive dividends or subscription rights, or otherwise, until
the Right or Rights evidenced by this Rights Certificate shall have been exercised as provided in the Rights Agreement.


 


This Rights Certificate
shall not be valid or obligatory for any purpose until it shall have been countersigned by the Rights Agent.


 


WITNESS the facsimile
signature of the proper officers of the Company and its corporate seal.


 


Dated as of


 


	Attest:  	 	PHARMATHENE, INC.
	 	 	 	 
	By:	 	 	By:	 
	 	 	 	 	 
	 	 	 	 	Name:
	 	 	 	 	Title:
	 	 	 	 	 
	Attest:  	 	CONTINENTAL STOCK TRANSFER & TRUST COMPANY
	 	 	 	 	 
	By:	 	 	By:	 
	 	 	 	 	 
	 	 	 	 	Name:
	 	 	 	 	Title:


 




    	 	46	 



     


    

 


[Form of Reverse Side of Rights Certificate]


 


FORM OF ASSIGNMENT


 


(To be executed by the registered holder
if such holder desires to transfer the Rights Certificate.)


 


FOR VALUE RECEIVED           hereby
sells, assigns and transfers unto          (Please print name and address of
transferee) this Rights Certificate, together with all right, title and interest therein, and does hereby irrevocably constitute
and appoint Attorney, to transfer the within Rights Certificate on the books of the within-named Company, with full power of substitution.


 


Dated:


 


Signature:


 


Signature Guaranteed:


 


Certificate


 


The undersigned hereby certifies by checking
the appropriate boxes that:


 


(1) this Rights Certificate [        ]
is [        ] is not being sold, assigned and transferred by or on behalf of a Person who
is or was an Acquiring Person or an Affiliate or Associate of any such Acquiring Person (as such terms are defined pursuant to
the Rights Agreement);


 


(2) after due inquiry and to the best knowledge
of the undersigned, it [        ] did [        ]
did not acquire the Rights evidenced by this Rights Certificate from any Person who is, was or subsequently became an Acquiring
Person or an Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person.


 


Dated:


 


Signature:


 


Signature Guaranteed:


 


NOTICE


 


The signature to the foregoing Assignment
and Certificate must correspond to the name as written upon the face of this Rights Certificate in every particular, without alteration
or enlargement or any change whatsoever.


 




    	 	47	 



     


    

 


FORM OF ELECTION TO PURCHASE


 


(To be executed if holder desires to exercise
Rights represented by the Rights Certificate.)


 


To: PHARMATHENE, INC.:


 


The undersigned hereby irrevocably elects
to exercise           Rights represented by this Rights Certificate to purchase
the shares of Preferred Stock issuable upon the exercise of the Rights (or such other securities of the Company or of any other
person which may be issuable upon the exercise of the Rights) and requests that certificates for such shares be issued in the name
of and delivered to:


 


Please insert social security or other
identifying number __________________


 


(Please print name and address):____________________________________________________


 


If such number of Rights shall not be all
the Rights evidenced by this Rights Certificate, a new Rights Certificate for the balance of such Rights shall be registered in
the name of and delivered to:


 


Please insert social security or other
identifying number


 


(Please print name and address):


 


	 	Dated:___________________________________
	 	 
	 	Signature: ________________________________


 


Signature Guaranteed:


 


Certificate


 


The undersigned hereby certifies by checking
the appropriate boxes that:


 


(1) the Rights evidenced by this Rights
Certificate [ ] are [ ] are not being exercised by or on behalf of a Person who is or was an Acquiring Person or an Affiliate or
Associate of any such Acquiring Person (as such terms are defined pursuant to the Rights Agreement);


 


(2) after due inquiry and to the best knowledge
of the undersigned, it [ ] did [ ] did not acquire the Rights evidenced by this Rights Certificate from any Person who is, was
or became an Acquiring Person or an Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person.


 


	 	Dated:___________________________________
	 	 
	 	Signature: ________________________________


 


Signature Guaranteed:


 


NOTICE


 


The signature to the
foregoing Election to Purchase and Certificate must correspond to the name as written upon the face of this Rights Certificate
in every particular, without alteration or enlargement or any change whatsoever.


 




    	 	48	 



     


    

 


Exhibit C


 


SUMMARY OF RIGHTS TO PURCHASE SERIES
A JUNIOR


 


PARTICIPATING PREFERRED STOCK


 


On November 25, 2015,
the Board of Directors of PharmAthene, Inc. (the “Company”) approved the execution of a Section 382 Rights Agreement
(the “Rights Agreement”) between the Company and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company (the “Rights
Agent”). The Rights Agreement provides for a distribution of one preferred stock purchase right (a “Right”)
for each share of Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company (the “Common Stock”) outstanding
to stockholders of record at the close of business on December 9, 2015 (the “Record Date”). Each Right entitles the
registered holder to purchase from the Company a unit (a “Unit”) consisting of one one-thousandth of a share
of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Preferred Stock”), at a
Purchase Price of $6.00 per Unit (the “Purchase Price”), subject to adjustment. The description and terms of
the Rights are set forth in the Rights Agreement.


 


The Board of Directors
of the Company adopted the Rights Agreement in an effort to protect stockholder value by attempting to protect against a possible
limitation on the Company’s ability to use its net operating loss carryforwards (the “NOLs”) to reduce
potential future federal income tax obligations. The Company has experienced substantial operating losses, and under the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and rules promulgated by the Internal Revenue Service, the Company
may “carry forward” these losses in certain circumstances to offset any current and future earnings and thus reduce
the Company’s federal income tax liability, subject to certain requirements and restrictions. To the extent that the NOLs
do not otherwise become limited, the Company believes that it will be able to carry forward a significant amount of NOLs, and therefore
these NOLs could be a substantial asset to the Company. However, if the Company experiences an “Ownership Change,”
as defined in Section 382 of the Code, its ability to use the NOLs will be substantially limited, and the timing of the usage of
the NOLs could be substantially delayed, which could therefore significantly impair the value of that asset.


 


A copy of the Rights
Agreement is being filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an Exhibit to a Registration Statement on Form 8-A. A copy
of the Rights Agreement is available free of charge from the Company. This Summary of Rights does not purport to be complete and
is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Rights Agreement, which is incorporated herein by reference.


 




    	 	49	 



     


    

 


Distribution Date;
Acquiring Persons; Transfer of Rights. Initially, the Rights will be attached to all Common Stock certificates representing
shares then outstanding, and no separate Rights Certificates will be distributed. Subject to certain exceptions specified in the
Rights Agreement, the Rights will separate from the Common Stock and a Distribution Date will occur upon the earlier of (i) ten
(10) days following a public announcement that a person or group of affiliated or associated persons (an “Acquiring Person”)
has acquired, or obtained the right to acquire, beneficial ownership of 4.99% or more of the outstanding shares of Common Stock
(the “Stock Acquisition Date”) or (ii) ten (10) business days following the commencement of a tender offer or
exchange offer that would result in a person or group beneficially owning 4.99% or more of the outstanding shares of Common Stock.
The definition of Acquiring Person excludes any Exempted Person (as defined below) and any person who would become an Acquiring
Person solely as a result of an Exempted Transaction (as defined below). Until the Distribution Date, (i) the Rights will be evidenced
by the Common Stock certificates and will be transferred with and only with such Common Stock certificates, (ii) new Common Stock
certificates after the Record Date will contain a notation incorporating the Rights Agreement by reference and (iii) the surrender
for transfer of any certificates for Common Stock outstanding will also constitute the transfer of the Rights associated with the
Common Stock represented by such certificate.


 


As soon as practicable
after the Distribution Date, Rights Certificates will be mailed to holders of record of the Common Stock as of the close of business
on the Distribution Date. Thereafter, the separate Rights Certificates alone will represent the Rights. Except as otherwise determined
by the Board of Directors, only shares of Common Stock issued prior to the Distribution Date will be issued with Rights.


 


Exempted Persons.
The following persons shall be “Exempted Persons” under the Rights Agreement:


 


(i)          Any
person who, together with all affiliates and associates of such person, is the beneficial owner of Common Stock, options and/or
warrants exercisable for shares of Common Stock representing 4.99% or more of the shares of Common Stock outstanding on November
25, 2015, will be an “Exempted Person.” However, any such person will no longer be deemed to be an Exempted Person
and shall be deemed an Acquiring Person if such person, together with all affiliates and associates of such person, becomes the
beneficial owner of securities representing a percentage of Common Stock that exceeds by one-half of one percent (0.5%) or more
the lowest percentage of Common Stock that such person had at any time since November 25, 2015, except solely (x) pursuant to equity
compensation awards granted to such person by the Company or as a result of an adjustment to the number of shares of Common Stock
represented by such equity compensation award pursuant to the terms thereof or (y) as a result of a redemption of shares of Common
Stock by the Company.


 


(ii)         In
addition, any person who, together with all affiliates and associates of such person, becomes the beneficial owner of Common Stock,
options and/or warrants exercisable for shares of Common Stock representing 4.99% or more of the shares of Common Stock then outstanding
as a result of a purchase by the Company or any of its subsidiaries of shares of Common Stock will also be an “Exempted Person.”
However, any such person will no longer be deemed to be an Exempted Person and will be deemed to be an Acquiring Person if such
person, together with all affiliates and associates of such person, becomes the beneficial owner, at any time after the date such
person became the beneficial owner of 4.99% or more of the then outstanding shares of Common Stock, of securities representing
a percentage of Common Stock that exceeds by one-half of one percent (0.5%) or more the lowest percentage of Beneficial Ownership
of Common Stock that such person had at any time since the date such person first became the beneficial owner of 4.99% or more
of the then outstanding shares of Common Stock, except solely (x) pursuant to equity compensation awards granted to such person
by the Company or as a result of an adjustment to the number of shares of Common Stock represented by such equity compensation
award pursuant to the terms thereof or (y) as a result of a redemption of shares of Common Stock by the Company.


 




    	 	50	 



     


    

 


(iii)        In
addition, any person who, together with all affiliates and associates of such person, is the beneficial owner of Common Stock,
options and/or warrants exercisable for shares of Common Stock representing 4.99% or more of the shares of Common Stock outstanding,
and whose beneficial ownership, as determined by the Board of Directors of the Company in its sole discretion, (x) would not jeopardize
or endanger the availability of the Company of its NOLs or (y) is otherwise in the best interests of the Company, will be an Exempted
Person. However, any such person will cease to be an Exempted Person if (A) such person ceases to beneficially own 4.99% or more
of the shares of the then outstanding Common Stock, or (B) after the date of such determination by the Board of Directors of the
Company, such person, together with all affiliates and associates of such person, becomes the beneficial owner of securities representing
a percentage of Common Stock that exceeds by one-half of one percent (0.5%) or more the lowest percentage of Beneficial Ownership
of Common Stock that such person had at any time since the date such person first became the beneficial owner of 4.99% or more
of the then outstanding shares of Common Stock, except solely (I) pursuant to equity compensation awards granted to such person
by the Company or as a result of an adjustment to the number of shares of Common Stock represented by such equity compensation
award pursuant to the terms thereof or (II) as a result of a redemption of shares of Common Stock by the Company, or (C) the Board
of Directors of the Company, in its sole discretion, makes a contrary determination with respect to the effect of such person’s
beneficial ownership (together with all affiliates and associates of such person) with respect to the availability to the Company
of its NOLs.


 


A purchaser, assignee
or transferee of the shares of Common Stock (or options or warrants exercisable for Common Stock) from an Exempted Person will
not thereby become an Exempted Person, except that a transferee from the estate of an Exempted Person who receives Common Stock
as a bequest or inheritance from an Exempted Person shall be an Exempted Person so long as such transferee continues to be the
beneficial owner of 4.99% or more of the then outstanding shares of Common Stock.


 


Exempted Transactions.
An “Exempted Transaction” is any transaction that the Board of Directors of the Company determines, in its sole discretion,
is an “Exempted Transaction,” which determination shall be irrevocable.


 


Excercisability;
Expiration. The Rights are not exercisable until the Distribution Date and will expire on the earliest of (i) the close of
business on November 25, 2018, (ii) the time at which the Rights are redeemed pursuant to the Rights Agreement, (iii) the time
at which the Rights are exchanged pursuant to the Rights Agreement, (iv) the repeal of Section 382 of the Code or any successor
statute if the Board of Directors of the Company determines that the Rights Agreement is no longer necessary or desirable for the
preservation of certain tax benefits, or (v) the beginning of a taxable year of the Company to which the Board of Directors of
the Company determines that certain tax benefits may not be carried forward. At no time will the Rights have any voting power.


 




    	 	51	 



     


    

 


In the event that an
Acquiring Person becomes the beneficial owner of 4.99% or more of the then outstanding shares of Common Stock, each holder of a
Right will thereafter have the right to receive, upon exercise, Common Stock (or, in certain circumstances, cash, property or other
securities of the Company), having a value equal to two times the exercise price of the Right. The exercise price is the Purchase
Price times the number of Units associated with each Right (initially, one). Notwithstanding any of the foregoing, following the
occurrence of an Acquiring Person becoming such (a “Flip-In Event”), all Rights that are, or (under certain
circumstances specified in the Rights Agreement) were, beneficially owned by any Acquiring Person will be null and void. However,
Rights are not exercisable following the occurrence of a Flip-In Event until such time as the Rights are no longer redeemable by
the Company as set forth below.


 


For example, at an
exercise price of $6.00 per Right, each Right not owned by an Acquiring Person (or by certain related parties) following an event
set forth in the preceding paragraph would entitle its holder to purchase $12.00 worth of Common Stock (or other consideration,
as noted above) for $6.00. If the Common Stock at the time of exercise had a market value per share of $3.00, the holder of each
valid Right would be entitled to purchase four shares of Common Stock for $6.00.


 


In the event that,
at any time following the Stock Acquisition Date, (i) the Company engages in a merger or other business combination transaction
in which the Company is not the surviving corporation; (ii) the Company engages in a merger or other business combination transaction
in which the Company is the surviving corporation and the Common Stock is changed or exchanged; or (iii) 50% or more of the Company’s
assets, cash flow or earning power is sold or transferred, each holder of a Right (except Rights which have previously been voided
as set forth above) shall thereafter have the right to receive, upon exercise of the Right, common stock of the acquiring company
having a value equal to two times the exercise price of the Right.


 


The events set forth
in this paragraph (a “Flip-Over Event”) and in the second preceding paragraph are referred to as the “Triggering
Events.”


 


Until a Right is exercised,
the holder thereof, as such, will have no rights as a stockholder of the Company, including, without limitation, the right to vote
or to receive dividends. While the distribution of the Rights will not be taxable to stockholders or to the Company, stockholders
may, depending upon the circumstances, recognize taxable income in the event that the Rights become exercisable for Common Stock
(or other consideration) of the Company as set forth above or in the event the Rights are redeemed.


 


Anti-Dilution Provisions.
The Purchase Price payable, and the number of Units of Preferred Stock or other securities or property issuable, upon exercise
of the Rights are subject to adjustment from time to time to prevent dilution (i) in the event of a stock dividend on, or a subdivision,
combination or reclassification of, the Preferred Stock, (ii) if holders of the Preferred Stock are granted certain rights or warrants
to subscribe for Preferred Stock or convertible securities at less than the current market price of the Preferred Stock, or (iii)
upon the distribution to holders of the Preferred Stock of evidences of indebtedness or assets (excluding regular quarterly cash
dividends) or of subscription rights or warrants (other than those referred to above).


 




    	 	52	 



     


    

 


With certain exceptions,
no adjustments in the Purchase Price will be required until cumulative adjustments amount to at least 1% of the Purchase Price.
No fractional Units will be issued and, in lieu thereof, an adjustment in cash will be made based on the market price of the Preferred
Stock on the last trading date prior to the date of exercise.


 


Exchange. At
any time after the Stock Acquisition Date, the Board of Directors of the Company may exchange the Rights (other than Rights owned
by an Acquiring Person), in whole or in part, at an exchange ratio equal to (i) a number of shares of Common Stock per Right with
a value equal to the spread between the value of the number of shares of Common Stock for which the Rights may then be exercised
and the Purchase Price or (ii) if prior to the acquisition by the Acquiring Person of 50% or more of the then outstanding shares
of Common Stock, one share of Common Stock per Right (subject to adjustment).


 


Redemption.
At any time until ten (10) days following the Stock Acquisition Date, the Company may redeem the Rights in whole, but not in part,
at a price of $0.0001 per Right. Immediately upon the action of the Board of Directors ordering redemption of the Rights, the Rights
will terminate and the only right of the holders of Rights will be to receive the $0.0001 redemption price.


 


Amendments.
Other than those provisions relating to the principal economic terms of the Rights, any of the provisions of the Rights Agreement
may be amended by the Board of Directors of the Company prior to the Distribution Date. After the Distribution Date, the provisions
of the Rights Agreement may be amended by the Board in order to cure any ambiguity, to make changes which do not adversely affect
the interests of holders of Rights (excluding the interests of any Acquiring Person), or to shorten or lengthen any time period
under the Rights Agreement; provided, however, that no amendment to adjust the time period governing redemption shall be made at
such time as the Rights are not redeemable.


 




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