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Mining Publication: CFD Modeling of Smoke Reversal
Keywords: Evacuation Fires Tunnels
This page is archived for historical purposes and is no longer being maintained or updated.
Original creation date: June 2001
Authors: CC Hwang, JC Edwards
Conference Paper - June 2001
Download PDF Document (0.38 MB)
NIOSHTIC2 Number: 20021337
Proc International Conference on Engineered Fire Protection Design (Jun 11-15, 2001; San Francisco, CA), Bethesda, MD: Society of Fire Protection Engineers, Inc. :376-387
In the design for a fire or smoke emergency, a main concern is maintaining an evacuation path that is free of smoke and hot gases. In ventilated tunnel fires, smoke and hot gases may form a layer near the ceiling and flow in the direction opposite to the ventilation stream. The existence of the reverse stratified flow has an important bearing on firefighting and evacuation of underground mine roadways, tunnels, and building corridors. In the present study, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program is used as a design tool to model floor-level fires in a ventilated tunnel. The fire is simulated by a diffusion flame of propane issuing from a circular hole on the tunnel floor. The computed profiles of velocity and temperature along channel cross sections are similar to those obtained experimentally. The computed reverse-flow layer length has been correlated with a densimatric Froude number with some success. A nondimensional parameter involving the source fire intensity is also used for the correlation. These analyses show that an appropriate ventilation air current must be maintained to provide an evacuation path from the source fire clear of smoke and hot gases. It is believed that CFD modeling, employed correctly and interpreted carefully, can be a useful design tool for fire protection.
Image of publication CFD Modeling of Smoke ReversalConference Paper - June 2001
Download PDF Document (0.38 MB)
NIOSHTIC2 Number: 20021337
Proc International Conference on Engineered Fire Protection Design (Jun 11-15, 2001; San Francisco, CA), Bethesda, MD: Society of Fire Protection Engineers, Inc. :376-387
See Also
Behavioral and Organizational Dimensions of Underground Mine Fires
The Critical Ventilation Velocity in Tunnel Fires - A Computer Simulation
Decision Making During a Simulated Mine Fire Escape
Emergency Escape and Refuge Alternatives
How Smoke Hinders Escape from Coal Mine Fires
Leadership Characteristics in Escape from Three Underground Mine Fires
Responders to Underground Mine Fires
Technology News 497 - "You Are My Sunshine": A New Video Release From NIOSH on the Sunshine Mine Fire
Technology News 549 - MFIRE 3.0 - NIOSH Brings MFIRE into 21st Century
When Do You Take Refuge? Decisionmaking During Mine Emergency Escape
Page last reviewed: September 21, 2012
Page last updated: September 21, 2012
Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Mining Program
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