FILED U.S. COURT OF AP P EALS E LEVEN T HC IRC U IT FEB RUARY 11, 2008 THOMAS K. KAH

N CLERK [ DO NO T P UB L I S H] I N THE UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS F O R T H E E L E V E N T H C IR C U IT

________________________ N o. 07- 13607 N on -A rgum entC al endar

________________________ D . C . D ocketN o. 07 -000 45 -C R -4 U N I T E D S T A T E S O F A M E R I C A , P la in tif f - A p p e lle e , v ersu s R A N D Y A N T O N I O M A R T I N , D e f e n d a n t- A p p e lla n t.

________________________ A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f o rth e S o u th e rn D is tr ic t o f G e o r g ia

_________________________ ( F e b r u ar y 11, 2008) B efo re B A R K E T T , M A R C U S an d W IL S O N , C i rcu i tJu d g es. P E R C U R I A M: R a n d y A n to n io M a rtin ap p e a ls h is 1 6 8 - m o n th s e n te n c e f o rc o n s p ir a c y to p o ssess w i th i n t en tt o d i stri b u t e an d t o d i stri b u t e 5 0 g ram s o r m o re o f co cai n e b ase2

( “ c r a c k ” ) a n d aq u a n t i ty o f c o c a i n e h y d r o c h l o r i d e , i n v i o l a t i o n o f 2 1 U . S. C. § § 8 4 1 ( a ) ( 1 ) a n d 8 4 6 . O n ap p e a l, M a r tin a r g u e s th a t th e d is tr ic t c o u r t e rr e d in ap p ly in g th e tw o - p o in t e n h a n c e m e n t to h is s e n te n c e f o rr e c k le s s e n d a n g e rm e n t, pur s ua ntt o U . S . S . G . § 3C 1. 2, a r gui ng tha the w a s una w a r e tha the w a s be i ng p u r s u e d b y la w e n f

o r c e m e n t o f

f ic e r s p r io rto h is a rr e s t. W e r e v ie w th e d is tr ic t c o u r t’s f a c tu a l f in d in g s f o rc le a re rr o r , a n d its i nt e rpr e t a t i on of

the S e nt e nc i ng G ui de l i ne s de novo. U ni t e d S t a t e s v. C ook, 181 F .3 d 1 2 3 2 , 1 2 3 3 (1 1 th C ir. 1 9 9 9 ). A d istrict co u rt m ay en h an ce a d ef en d an t’ s s e nt e nc e f

orr e c kl e s s e nda nge rm e nt“ [ i ] f the de f e nda ntr e c kl e s s l y c r e a t e d a s ubs t a nt i a l r i s k of

de a th ors e r i ous bodi l y i nj ury t o a nothe rpe r s on i n the c our s e of f l e e i ng f r om al a w e nf

or c e m e ntof

f i c e r . ” U . S . S . G . § 3C 1. 2. A l though w e ha ve hel d thata def

endantm ustac tual l y be f l ee i ng a l aw enforce m entoffi ce r i n o rder f o rth is e n h a n c e m e n t to ap p ly , U n ite d S ta te s v . S a w y e r , 1 1 5 F .3 d 8 5 7 , 8 5 9 ( 1 1 th C i r . 1997) , i tha s notde c i de d w he the rthe de f e nda ntm us tbe a w a r e tha tthe pe r s on f r om w hom he i s f

l e e i ng i s a n of

f i c e r , i d. a t859 n. 1 ( e xpr e s s l y r e s e rvi ng j udgm e nt o n th is is s u e ) . A s s u m in g k n o w le d g e o f th e la w e n f

o r c e m e n t o f

f ic e ris r e q u ir e d , it

“ can b e bas ed up on i nfer ence s f rom the surr ou nd i ng ci rc um st ance s. ” U ni t ed S t at es v. P eart , 88 8 F . 2d 10 1, 10 4 (11 th C i r. 19 89 ). T he G ui del i nes def

i ne re ckl es snes s, un der § 3C 1. 2, as “ a s i tuat i on i n w hi ch the defendantw as aw ar e of the ri sk cr ea t ed by hi s c on du ctand the ri sk w as of such3

ana tur e a nd de gr e e tha tt o di s r e ga r d tha tr i s k c ons t i tut e d agr os s de vi a t i on f r om the st andard of car e thata r ea sonabl e per son w ou l d exerci se i n such a si tuat i on . ” U . S . S . G . §§ 2A 1. 5, c om m e nt1, 3C 1. 2, c om m e nt2. “ D r i vi ng ac a ra tahi gh r a t e of spee d i n an areaw here peop l e are l i kel y t o b e f ou nd const i tut es re ckl es s di sr egar d for others ’ sa fe ty. ” U ni t ed S t at es v. W as hi ng t on , 43 4 F . 3d 12 65 , 12 68 (11th C i r. 20 06 ). U nd er§ 3 C 1. 2, the pers on endang er ed by the defendant ’ s r ec kl es s c on du ct m aybe “ any per son, exce pta part i ci panti n the offens e w ho w i l l i ng l y part i ci pat ed i n the f l i ght . ” U . S . S . G . § 3C 1. 2, c om m e nt4. U pon r e vi e w of

the pr e s e nt e nc e i nve s t i ga t i on r e por ta nd s e nt e nc i ng tr a ns c r i pt , a nd the br i e f s of the pa r t i e s , w e f

i nd no r e ve r s i bl e e rr or . T he ci rc um st ance s s urroun di ng hi s arr es tdem on stra t ed thathe w as aw ar e of the l aw enforce m entoffi ce rs pu rs ui ng hi m because, ac cordi ng t o the t es t i m on y of an o f f ic e r , M a rtin v e e r e d a r o u n d a n o th e ro f f ic e r ’s v e h ic le , w h ic h h a d its b lu e lig h ts a c t i va t e d, s truc k apa rke d ve hi c l e , c ont i nue d dr i vi ng a tahi gh r a t e of s pe e d unt i l he h it ac u rb a n d b le w atir e , a n d f le d o n f o o t in to af

e m a le ’s n e a rb y ap a r tm e n t. U nde rthe s e c i r c um s t a nc e s , the di s tr i c tc our tdi d notpl a i nl y e rri n f i ndi ng tha the a c te d r e c k le s s ly , a n d e n h a n c in g M a r tin ’s s e n te n c e f o rr e c k le s s e n d a n g e rm e n t. AF F I RME D.