# Patent

## Title
Recombinant fusion interferon for animals

## Abstract

A recombinant fusion interferon for animals. The recombinant fusion interferon comprises an animal interferon and a Fc region of an animal immunoglobulin G (IgG). The animal interferon and the Fc region of the animal immunoglobulin G can be further joined by a linker. A polynucleotide that encodes the recombinant fusion interferon for animals, a method for producing the recombinant fusion interferon, and the use of the recombinant fusion interferon.

## Background
RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/557,139, filed Jul. 24, 2012. The entirety of the above-mentioned patent application is hereby incorporated by reference herein and made a part of specification.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a recombinant fusion interferon for animals, particularly to a recombinant fusion interferon having antiviral activities against animal viruses.
2. Description of the Related Art
Interferon (IFN) is initially discovered in 1957 by Alick Isaacs and Jean Lindenmann during research of influenza virus. After infected by virus, the host cells immediately secrete a cytokine to induce other cells nearby to produce antiviral proteins to interfere with viral replication. This cytokine is later named IFN. Since the first discovery of IFN, three types of IFN have been identified—type I IFN (IFN-α and IFN-β), type II IFN (IFN-γ), and type III IFN (IFN-λ). The antiviral effects of IFN are mainly provided by type I IFN (IFN-α and IFN-β). In addition to antiviral activities, IFN has anti-tumor activity, and can induce cell differentiation and modulate immune response.
So far, the majority of commercial IFN is used for the treatment of human diseases, such as human hepatitis B, human hepatitis C, Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), and malignant melanoma.
Without an effective vaccine for preventing an animal virus, an infected animal of the virus can only be treated with supportive therapy. However, supportive therapy is usually ineffective, and therefore the infection of animal virus may cause great economic losses in livestock husbandry.
Therefore, it is important to develop IFN having antiviral activities against animal viruses.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The first aspect of the present invention relates to a recombinant fusion IFN for animals. IFN possesses a short serum half-life (about 2 to 8 hours) due to its small molecular size. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a stably recombinant fusion IFN for animals in which an animal IFN is fused with an animal IgG Fc possessing a long serum half-life. The animal IgG Fc is fused with the N-terminus or the C-terminus of the animal IFN.
In one preferred embodiment, the animal IFN and the animal IgG Fc are joined by a peptide linker comprising glycine and serine residues. In another embodiment, the animal IFN is a porcine IFN α. The porcine IFN α encodes an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No. 2. In yet another embodiment, the animal IgG Fc is a porcine immunoglobulin Fc fragment. The porcine IgG Fc encodes an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No. 4.
In still another embodiment, the peptide linker encodes an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No. 6.
In a further embodiment, the recombinant fusion IFN for animals encodes an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID Nos. 8 or 10.
The second aspect of the present invention relates to a polynucleotide encoding the recombinant fusion IFN for animals of the present invention. A DNA sequence encoding an animal IFN and a DNA sequence encoding an animal IgG Fc are cloned into an expression vector to obtain the polynucleotide encoding the recombinant fusion IFN for animals. The vector containing the polynucleotide encoding the recombinant fusion IFN for animals is then introduced to a host cell where the recombinant fusion IFN for animals can be expressed.
In one preferred embodiment, in addition to clone a DNA sequence encoding an animal IFN and a DNA sequence encoding an animal IgG Fc into an expression vector, a DNA sequence encoding a peptide linker having glycine and serine residues is further cloned into the expression vector to join the DNA sequence encoding an animal IFN and the DNA sequence encoding an animal IgG Fc.
In another embodiment, the DNA sequence encoding an animal IFN comprises SEQ ID No. 1.
In yet another embodiment, the DNA sequence encoding an animal IgG Fc comprises SEQ ID No. 3.
In still another embodiment, the DNA sequence encoding a peptide linker comprises SEQ ID No. 5.
In a further embodiment, the polynucleotide encoding the recombinant fusion IFN for animals comprises SEQ ID No. 7.
The expression vector can be a prokaryotic expression vector or a eukaryotic expression vector. The prokaryotic expression vector includes, but is not limited to, pET, pGEX, and pDEST expression vectors. The eukaryotic expression vector includes, but is not limited to, pSecTag, pcDNA3, pCMV-Script, pCI, and pSV40b expression vectors.
The host cell can be a prokaryotic cell, such as bacteria, or a eukaryotic cell, such as yeast, insect cells, plant cells, and mammalian cells. In one embodiment, the host cell is Escherichia coli (E. coli). In another embodiment, the host cell is a mammalian cell. The mammalian cells that can be used to express the recombinant fusion IFN for animals of the present invention include, but are not limited to, 3T3 cells, Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO cells), baby hamster kidney cells (BHK cells), human cervical cancer cells (such as Hela cells), and human liver carcinoma cells (such as HepG2 cells).
Since codon usage bias is common in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the DNA sequence encoding an animal IFN and the DNA sequence encoding an animal IgG Fc according to embodiments of the present invention may be adjusted to the codon usage of abundant proteins in the eukaryotic host cells, such that optimized protein expression level in the eukaryotic host cells without changing the amino acid sequences of the animal IFN and the animal IgG Fc fragment may be achieved.
In one embodiment, the modified polynucleotide of the recombinant fusion IFN for animals comprises SEQ ID No. 9, which encodes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No. 8.
The third aspect of the present invention relates to an optimized method for producing the recombinant fusion IFN for animals in mammalian host cells.
In one embodiment, the method comprises the steps of (1) cultivating mammalian host cells having a polynucleotide encoding the recombinant fusion IFN for animals of the present invention in serum-containing medium, (2) replacing the serum-containing medium with serum-free medium after the cells grow stably, (3) collecting the serum-free medium, which contains the recombinant fusion IFN for animals of the present invention, and adding new serum-free medium to the cells every 1 to 5 days.
The mammalian host cells include, but are not limited to, 3T3 cells, CHO cells, BHK cells, human cervical cancer cells (such as Hela cells), and human liver carcinoma cells (such as HepG2 cells). In one embodiment, the mammalian host cells are CHO cells.
The serum includes, but is not limited to, bovine serum and horse serum. In one embodiment, the serum is fetal bovine serum (FBS).
The content of serum in the medium is about 0.1 to 10% (v/v). In one embodiment, the content of serum is 5% (v/v).
The fourth aspect of the present invention relates to a composition comprising the recombinant fusion IFN for animals of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
The excipient may be pharmaceutically acceptable organic or inorganic carrier substances suitable for parenteral, enteral or intranasal application which do not deleteriously react with the active compounds and are not deleterious to the recipient thereof. Suitable excipients include, but are not limited to, water, salt solutions, vegetable oils, polyethylene glycols, gelatin, lactose, amylose, magnesium stearate, talc, silicic acid, viscous paraffin, fatty acid monoglycerides and diglycerides, petroethral fatty acid esters, hydroxymethyl-cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, etc. In one embodiment, the excipient is phosphate buffer solution (PBS).
The fifth aspect of the present invention relates to a method for treating or inhibiting virus infection in an animal. In one embodiment, the method comprises administering a composition comprising the recombinant fusion IFN for animals of the present invention to an animal. The virus may be an animal DNA virus or an animal RNA virus. The animal DNA virus includes, but is not limited to, pseudorabies virus, (PRV). The animal RNA virus includes, but is not limited to, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The animal may be an animal infected with an animal virus or an animal not infected with an animal virus. In another embodiment, the composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
These and other aspects of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiment taken in conjunction with the following drawings, although variations and modifications therein may be effected without departing from the spirit and scope of the novel concepts of the disclosure.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings illustrate one or more embodiments of the invention and together with the written description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers are used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements of an embodiment, and wherein:
FIG. 1 shows an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay of CHO cells that was transfected with a plasmid containing a DNA sequence encoding the recombinant fusion IFN for animals according to one embodiment of the present invention and then screened by zeocin and CHO cells that was transfected with pSecTag2(B) and then screened by zeocin.
FIG. 2 shows Western blots of protein expressed in CHO cells comprising a DNA sequence encoding the recombinant fusion IFN for animals according to one embodiment of the present invention. M: protein marker; lane 1: SDS-PAGE analysis of the protein; lane 2: Western blot detected using mouse anti-IFNα monoclonal antibody; lane 3: Western blot detected using mouse anti-His monoclonal antibody; lane 4: Western blot detected using goat anti-porcine IgG antibody.
FIG. 3 shows the results of antiviral infection assays for the recombinant fusion IFN for animals according to one embodiment of the present invention (P IFN-Fc) and porcine IFN (P IFN) in Marc-145 cells with PRRSV challenges and in ST cells with PR challenges.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The present invention is more particularly described in the following examples that are intended as illustrative only since numerous modifications and variations therein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Various embodiments of the invention are now described in detail. Referring to the drawings, like numbers indicate like components throughout the views.
As used in the description herein and throughout the claims that follow, the meaning of “a”, “an”, and “the” includes plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Moreover, titles or subtitles may be used in the specification for the convenience of a reader, which shall have no influence on the scope of the present invention.
The terms “treat,” “treating,” “treatment,” and the like are used herein to refer to prevention or partially preventing a disease, symptom, or condition and/or a partial or complete cure or relief of a disease, condition, symptom, or adverse effect attributed to the disease. Thus, the terms “treat,” “treating,” “treatment,” and the like refer to both prophylactic and therapeutic treatment regimes.
The terms “inhibit,” “inhibiting,” “inhibition,” and the like are used herein to refer to a reduction or decrease in a quality or quantity, compared to a baseline. For example, in the context of the present invention, inhibition of viral replication refers to a decrease in viral replication as compared to baseline. Similarly, inhibiting virus infection refers to a decrease in virus infection as compared to baseline.
The term “antiviral activity” is used herein to refer to that the IFN can inhibit or interfere the biological activity of virus.
The term “biological activity of virus” is used herein to refer to virus infection, replication, and the like.
The meaning of the technical and scientific terms as described herein can be clearly understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art.
EXAMPLE 1
Molecular Cloning of Porcine IFN α (P IFNα)
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were firstly isolated from blood of a pig (L×Y-D strain). A total RNA was isolated from the PBMCs by the guanidine thiocyanate (GTC) method and then was used in a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to generate complementary DNA (cDNA). Briefly, 20 μl of total RNA was incubated at 70° C. for 3 minutes, and after incubation, 10 μl of 5× buffer, 8 μl of 1.25 mM dNTP, 1 μl of oligo dT primers, 11 μl of diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC)-treated water, 0.5 μl of RNasin® RNase inhibitor, and 0.5 μl of Avian Myeloblastosis Virus (AMV) reverse transcriptase were added and incubated at 42° C. for 30 minutes to synthesize cDNA. The cDNA was then used as DNA template to amplify porcine IFN α gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A forward primer and a reverse primer were designed to amplify the P IFNα nucleotide sequence. The forward primer in this example has a HindIII cleavage site, and the reverse primer in this example has an Xho I cleavage site. A PCR mixture containing 10 μl of cDNA, 5 μl of 10×PCR buffer, 8 μl of 1.25 mM dNTP, 1 μl of forward primer, 1 μl of reverse primer, 24 μl autoclaved water, and 1 μl of Taq polymerase were placed in a GeneAmp® PCR System 2400 reactor (Applied Biosystems). After inactivating the cDNA at 95° C. for 5 minutes, the DNA encoding P IFNα was amplified by Taq polymerase with 30 cycles of 95° C. for 1 minute, 55° C. for 30 seconds, 72° C. for 30 seconds, and followed by a final extension at 72° C. for 5 minutes. The primers for cloning P IFNα are the following:









Forward primer (IFN-F1):



(SEQ ID NO: 11)



5′-CCCAAGCTTATGGCCCCAACCTCAGCC-3′



      HindIII



 



Reverse primer (IFN-R1):



(SEQ ID NO: 12)



5′-CCG CAGGTTTCTGGAGGAAGA-3′



       XhoI






The sizes of PCR products were detected by agarose electrophoresis. Then, the PCR products were purified with a DNA purification kit (Protech Technology Enterprise, Taiwan). After purification, the PCR products were constructed into a pET20b expression vector. The purified PCR products and pET20b expression vector (Novagen) were digested with two restriction enzymes, Hind III and Xho I (New England Biolabs), respectively for 8 hours at 37° C. After restriction enzyme cleavage reaction, the digested PCR products and pET20b expression vector were purified with a DNA purification kit (Protech Technology Enterprise, Taiwan) respectively. The purified PCR products were ligated with the purified pET20b expression vector, and the ligation product was transformed into host cells (E. coli). Transformants were selected, and DNA sequence was confirmed by DNA sequencing. The porcine IFN α (P IFNα) has a DNA sequence of SEQ ID No. 1 and an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No. 2. The plasmid containing the DNA sequence of the porcine IFN α (P IFNα) is named pET20b-IFNα.
EXAMPLE 2
Molecular Cloning of Porcine Immunoglobulin Fc Fragment
Porcine immunoglobulin Fc fragment (P IgG Fc) was cloned from the total RNA preparation of pig spleen by RT-PCR and PCR methods described in Example 1. The primers for cloning the P IgG Fc are the following:









Forward primer (IgG-F1):



(SEQ ID NO: 13)



5′-CG GGGAACAAAGACC-3′



      BamHI



 



Reverse primer (IgG-R):



(SEQ ID NO: 14)



5′-CCCAAGCTTTTTACCCGGAGTC-3′



      HindIII






A BamHI site at the 5′ end and a HindIII site at the 3′ end of the P IgG Fc were created by PCR. The PCR products were gel-purified and subcloned into pET20b expression vectors by the methods described in Example 1. Then DNA sequence was confirmed by sequencing. The P IgG Fc has a DNA sequence of SEQ ID No. 3 and an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No. 4. The plasmid containing the DNA sequence of the P IgG Fc is named pET20b-IgG-Fc.
EXAMPLE 3
Construction of Vector Containing Polynucleotide Sequence Encoding Porcine Recombinant Fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc)
The DNA sequence of porcine IFNα (P IFNα) cloned in Example 1 (SEQ ID No. 1) and the DNA sequence of porcine immunoglobulin Fc fragment (P IgG Fc) cloned in Example 2 (SEQ ID No. 3) were joined with a linker having a DNA sequence of SEQ ID No. 5 by PCR.
The DNA sequence of the P IFNα (SEQ ID No. 1) was amplified by PCR with the following PCR primers.









Forward primer (IFN-F2):



(SEQ ID NO: 15)



5′-GC ATGGCCCCAACCTC-3′



      EcoRV



 



Reverse primer (IFN-R2):



(SEQ ID NO: 16)



5′-CG ACCTGAGCCACCCAGGTTTCTGGAGG-3′



      BamHI






The doubly underlined nucleotides are one partial sequence of the linker.
The DNA sequence of the P IgG Fc (SEQ ID No. 3) was amplified by PCR with the following PCR primers.







Forward primer (IgG-F2):


(SEQ ID NO: 17)


5′-CG GGTGGAGGCGGAAGCGGCGGTGGAGGATCAGGAACA


      BamHI


 


AAGA-3′


 


Reverse primer (IgG-R):


(SEQ ID NO: 14)


5′-CCCAAGCTTTTTACCCGGAGTC-3′


      HindIII






The doubly underlined nucleotides are the other partial sequence of the linker.
PCR mixtures containing 10 μl of pET20b-IFNα or pET20b-IgG-Fc, 5 μl of 10×PCR buffer, 8 μl of 1.25 mM dNTP, 1 μl of forward primer, 1 μl of reverse primer, 33 μl autoclaved water, and 1 μl of Taq polymerase were placed in a GeneAmp® PCR System 2400 reactor (Applied Biosystems). After inactivating the plasmids at 95° C. for 5 minutes, the plasmids were amplified by Taq polymerase with 30 cycles of 95° C. for 1 minute, 55° C. for 30 seconds, 72° C. for 30 seconds, followed by a 72° C. for 5 minutes incubation.
An EcoRV site at the 5′ end and a BamHI site at the 3′ end of the porcine IFN α gene were created by PCR. A BamHI site at the 5′ end and a HindIII site at the 3′ end of the P IgG Fc were created by PCR. The PCR products were gel-purified and subcloned into pET20b expression vectors by the methods described in Example 1. Then DNA sequence was confirmed by sequencing. The P IFN-Fc has a DNA sequence of SEQ ID No. 7 and an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No. 8. The plasmid containing the DNA sequence of the porcine recombinant fusion IFNα (P IFNα-Fc) is named pET20b-INFα-Fc.
EXAMPLE 4
Subcloning of Polynucleotide Sequence Encoding Porcine Recombinant Fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc)
Since mammalian cells are able to perform the most comprehensive post-translational modifications and to correctly fold foreign proteins, the DNA sequence of the porcine recombinant fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) constructed in Example 3 was modified by PCR and then subcloned into pSecTag2(B) mammalian expression vectors. The DNA sequence of the modified porcine recombinant fusion IFN (mP IFN-Fc) is more suitable for being expressed in eukaryotic expression systems than the unmodified sequence.
The plasmid pET20b-IFNα-Fc constructed in Example 3 was used as PCR template. The P IFNα-Fc was amplified by PCR method described in Example 3 with the following PCR primers.







Forward primer (IFN-Fc-F):


(SEQ ID NO: 18)


5′-CCC GCCGCCGCCATGGCCCCAACCTCAGCCTTC-3′


      HindIII


 


Reverse primer (IFN-Fc-R):


(SEQ ID NO: 19)


5′-CG CTCAGTGGTGGTGGTGGTGGTGTTTGCCGGGGGTCT


      EcoRI


 


TGAAG-3′






A HindIII site at the 5′ end and an EcoRI site at the 3′ end of the modified porcine recombinant fusion IFN (mP IFN-Fc) were created by PCR. The PCR products were gel-purified and subcloned into pSecTag2(B) expression vectors by the methods described in Example 1. Then DNA sequence was confirmed by sequencing. The mP IFN-Fc has a DNA sequence of SEQ ID No. 9 and an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No. 8. The plasmid containing the DNA sequence of the mP IFN-Fc is named pSecTag2(B)-IFNα-Fc.
EXAMPLE 5
Expression of Porcine Recombinant Fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc)
The plasmid pSecTag2(B)-IFNα-Fc constructed in Example 4 was transfected into CHO cells. First, 4 μg of pSecTag2(B)-IFNα-Fc DNA was diluted into VP serum-free medim (Invitrogen) without antibiotics, and 4 μg of Lipofectamine (Invitrogen) was diluted into VP serum-free medim (Invitrogen) without antibiotics and then incubated at room temperature for 5 minutes. Next, the diluted plasmid DNA was mixed with the diluted Lipofectamine, and the mixture was incubated at 37° C. for 20 minutes. Then the mixture was evenly added to CHO cells that were cultured overnight, and the CHO cells with the mixture were further incubated at 37° C. in a 5% CO2 incubator for 6 hours. After incubation, the mixture was removed, and F12 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) was added to the CHO cells. The CHO cells were then cultivated at 37° C. in a 5% CO2 incubator for 48 hours.
The transfected CHO cells were then washed twice with phosphate buffered saline (PBS), dissociated with 0.125% trypsin, and then cultivated at 37° C., 5% CO2 in F12 medium with 10% FBS, 100 units/ml penicillin, 100 units/ml streptomycin, and 700 μg/ml Zeocin to select cells comprising the modified porcine recombinant fusion IFN (mP IFN-Fc) gene. The selective medium was replenished every 3 to 4 days until 10 to 20% of cells survived. The surviving cells were cultivated in F12 medium with 10% FBS and 50 μg/ml Zeocin until the cells grew to near confluence. Expression of the porcine recombinant fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) from the selective cells was then detected by immunofluorescent assay (IFA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blot with proper antibodies.
1. Bioassay of the Porcine Recombinant Fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) by IFA
Sample cells were seeded in a 24-well culture plate (1×105 cells/well) and grew to 80 to 90% confluence. The sample cells were then washed twice with PBS and fixed with 80% acetone for 30 minutes at 4° C. Then, acetone was discarded, and the cells were washed three times with PBS. After that, the cells were incubated with rabbit anti Porcine IgG-Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) antibody (300 μl/well) (1:1000 dilution in PBS) for 30 minutes at 37° C. Then, the antiserum was discarded, and the cells were washed three times with PBS and finally mounted in 250 μl PBS for fluorescent microscopic examination.
Fluorescent signals were detected in CHO cells that was transfected with pSecTag2(B)-IFNα-Fc and then selected by zeocin. No fluorescent signal was detected in CHO cells that was transfected with pSecTag2(B) and then selected by zeocin.
2. Bioassay of the Porcine Recombinant Fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) by ELISA
Sample cells were cultivated in F-12 medium with 10% FBS for 72 hours, and then the supernatant was collected and diluted two-fold serially with ELISA coating buffer (0.1 M NaHCO3 and 0.1 M Na2CO3, pH9.6). 100 μl of each diluted sample was added to an ELISA plate (NUNC) and placed at 4° C. for 24 hours. After that, the diluted supernatant was removed, and the ELISA plate was washed three times with ELISA washing buffer (0.9% NaCl, 0.1% Tween20). Blocking buffer (1% BSA in ELISA washing buffer) was added to the ELISA plate (100 μl/well), and the plate was incubated at room temperature for 1 hour to prevent non-specific binding of proteins. Then the blocking buffer was removed and the ELISA plate was washed three times with ELISA washing buffer. Mouse anti IFNα monoclonal antibody (SANTA CRUZ) was diluted five hundred-fold (1:500) with ELISA washing buffer containing 1% BSA and then added to the ELISA plate (100 μl/well). After incubated at room temperature for 1 hour, the ELISA plate was washed six times with ELISA washing buffer. Goat anti mouse secondary antibody (KPL) conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was diluted one thousand-fold (1:1000) with ELISA washing buffer containing 1% BSA and then added to the ELISA plate (100 μl/well). After incubating for 1 hour at 37° C., the plate was washed six times with PBS. For visualization of results, 3,3′,5, 5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) (KPL) was added to the wells. After incubation for 10 minutes, the absorbance of the signals was read using an ELISA reader set at 650 nm.
FIG. 1 shows the results of bioassay of the porcine recombinant fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) by ELISA test. Porcine recombinant fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) was detected in secretions from CHO cells that was transfected with pSecTag2(B)-IFNα-Fc. Even diluted 128-fold, the recombinant fusion IFN is still detectable. No porcine recombinant fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) was detected in secretions from CHO cells that was transfected with pSecTag2(B).
3. Bioassay of the Porcine Recombinant Fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) by Western Blot
Sample cells were cultivated in F-12 medium with 10% FBS for 72 hours, and then the supernatant was collected and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). For protein immunoblotting, following electrophoresis, proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane. The resulting membrane was blocked with 5% skim milk in TBST (10 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 150 mM NaCl, 0.3% Tween 20) at 4° C. for 16 to 24 hours to prevent non-specific binding of proteins and then washed 3 times with TBST. The membrane was then incubated with mouse anti IFNα monoclonal antibody (SANTA CRUZ) (1:500 dilution in TBST containing 0.5% skin milk) at room temperature for 1 hour. The blots were then washed 6 times with TBST and incubated with alkaline phosphatase (AP) conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG monoclonal antibody (1:2000 dilution in TBST containing 0.5% skin milk) at room temperature for 1 hour. The blots were then washed 6 times with TBST. The bands were detected using nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT)/5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-phosphate (BCIP) substrate for 5 minutes and then washed with water to stop the reaction. In addition, the porcine recombinant fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) was also detected using alkaline phosphatase (AP) conjugated goat anti-porcine IgG antibody (KPL) and using alkaline phosphatase (AP) conjugated mouse anti 6×His monoclonal antibody (invitrogen).
FIG. 2 shows results of Western blots of protein expressed in CHO cells that was transfected with pSecTag2(B)-IFNα-Fc. Porcine recombinant fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) was detected by mouse anti IFNα monoclonal antibody (lane 2), mouse anti 6×His monoclonal antibody (lane 3), and goat anti-porcine IgG antibody (lane 4). The results show that CHO cells that was transfected with pSecTag2(B)-IFNα-Fc secrete the Porcine recombinant fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc).
EXAMPLE 6
Small-Scale and Large-Scale Production of Porcine Recombinant Fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc)
1. Small-Scale Production of Porcine Recombinant Fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc)
CHO cells comprising pSecTag2(B)-IFNα-Fc was seeded at a density of 2×106 cells in a 25 cm2 cell culture flask and cultivated in F12 medium with 10% FBS, 100 units/ml penicillin, and 100 units/ml streptomycin for 24 hours. The medium was then removed. The cells were washed with PBS and then cultivated in CHO-S-SFM II serum-free medium (GIBCO) with 100 units/ml penicillin and 100 units/ml streptomycin. Supernatant was collected and fresh serum-free medium containing penicillin and streptomycin was added every 24, 48, and 72 hours respectively. The supernatant containing the porcine recombinant fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) was centrifuged (1,000 rpm) for 10 minutes to remove cells and cell debris.
Concentration of the porcine recombinant fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) was calculated by evaluating its antiviral activity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The porcine recombinant fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) was diluted serially (10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, 640, 1280, and 2560-folds) with minimum essential media (MEM medium) containing 1% FBS, 100 units/ml penicillin, and 100 units/ml streptomycin. MARC-145 cells were seeded at a density of 1.5×104 cells/well in 96-well cell culture plates and cultivated at 37° C., 5% CO2 for 16 to 24 hours. After the culture medium was removed, the cells were treated with the diluted porcine recombinant fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) (100 μl/well, n=4), and then cultivated at 37° C., 5% CO2 for 24 hours. After the diluted samples were removed, the cells were infected with PRRS virus (100 TCID50/100 μl) and then cultivated at 37° C., 5% CO2 for about 120 hours until 90% of cells showing cytopathic effects (CPE). Then cells were used to evaluate the antiviral activity of the porcine recombinant fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc).
Cell suspension was removed, and the cells were washed twice with PBS and then fixed on the plate with 80% acetone (−20° C., 100 μl/well) at 4° C. for 30 minutes. After acetone was removed, the cells were washed 3 times with PBS and stained with 1% methylrosaniline chloride for 20 minutes. After that, the cells were washed 5 times with distilled water, and then 100% ethanol was added to dissolve methylrosaniline chloride. 10 minutes later, the absorbance of the signals was read using an ELISA reader set at 550 nm. Concentration of the porcine recombinant fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) was calculated by the following formulas.




  
    
      
        
          
            
              OD
              ⁢
              maximum
            
            +
            
              OD
              ⁢
              minimum
            
          
          2
        
        =
        
          OD
          ⁢
          
            
          
          ⁢
          50
          ⁢
          %
        
      
    
    
      
        Formula
        ⁢
        
          
        
        ⁢
        1
      
    
  




where OD maximum is absorbancy of uninfected cell monolayers treated or untreated with IFN (protection 100%), and OD minimum is absorbancy of the infected non-protected cell monolayer (protection zero).





  
    
      
        
          IFN
          ⁢
          
            
          
          ⁢
          titer
          ⁢
          
            
          
          ⁢
          
            (
            
              U
              ⁢
              
                
              
              ⁢
              
                ml
                
                  -
                  1
                
              
            
            )
          
        
        =
        
          
            T
            n
          
          +
          
            [
            
              
                (
                
                  
                    T
                    
                      n
                      +
                      1
                    
                  
                  -
                  
                    T
                    n
                  
                
                )
              
              ×
              
                
                  (
                  
                    
                      OD
                      n
                    
                    -
                    
                      OD
                      ⁢
                      
                        
                      
                      ⁢
                      50
                      ⁢
                      %
                    
                  
                  )
                
                
                  (
                  
                    
                      OD
                      n
                    
                    -
                    
                      OD
                      
                        n
                        +
                        1
                      
                    
                  
                  )
                
              
            
            ]
          
        
      
    
    
      
        Formula
        ⁢
        
          
        
        ⁢
        2
      
    
  




where Tn is reciprocal of the IFN dilution corresponding to OD immediately higher than OD50%, Tn+1 is reciprocal of the IFN dilution corresponding to OD immediately lower than the OD50%, ODn is the absorbancy values immediately higher than OD50%, and ODn+1 is the absorbancy values immediately lower than OD50%.

Table 1 shows the concentration of the porcine recombinant fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) produced by the small-scale production method described above. The results show that the porcine recombinant fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) possesses antiviral activity against PRRSV.







TABLE 1







Concentration (IU/ml) of the porcine recombinant fusion


IFN (P IFN-Fc) produced in 25 cm2 cell culture flasks.








Cultivation
Number of Collecting Sample













Time
1st time
2nd time
3rd time
4th time
5th time
6th time


(Hours)
(IU/ml)
(IU/ml)
(IU/ml)
(IU/ml)
(IU/ml)
(IU/ml)
















24
189.59
249.21
1444.77
1645.70
511.23
1372.38


48
215.13
669.09
246.92
278.10
686.99
3434.07


72
643.38
1194.90
964.14
2539.12
1931.84
3147.87









Table 2 shows the amount of the porcine recombinant fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) produced by the small-scale production method, which was calculated by multiplying the concentration of the porcine recombinant fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) by the volume of a 25 cm2 cell culture flask (5 ml).







TABLE 2







The amount of the porcine recombinant fusion IFN (P


IFN-Fc) produced in a 25 cm2 cell culture flask (IU).








Cultivation
Number of Collecting Sample













Time
1st time
2nd time
3rd time
4th time
5th time
6th time


(Hours)
(IU/ml)
(IU/ml)
(IU/ml)
(IU/ml)
(IU/ml)
(IU/ml)
















24
947.95
1246.05
7223.85
8228.5
2556.15
6861.9


48
1075.65
3345.45
1234.6
1390.5
3434.95
17170.35


72
3216.9
5974.5
4820.7
12695.6
9659.2
15739.35









2. Large-Scale Production of Porcine Recombinant Fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc)

CHO cells comprising pSecTag2(B)-IFNα-Fc was first cultivated in a 175 cm2 cell culture flask. After a monolayer of the cells was formed, the cells were dissociated with 0.125% trypsin and suspended with F12 medium containing 10% FBS, 100 units/ml penicillin, and 100 units/ml streptomycin for cell counting. Then, the cells were seeded in roller bottles at the concentrations of 6.8×107 cells/bottle and 8×107 cells/bottle respectively, and cultivated in 200 ml of F12 medium containing 10% FBS at 37° C., 0.167 rpm. Twenty four hours later, the cells were washed with PBS and cultivated in CHO-S-SFM II serum-free medium (Invitrogen) containing 100 units/ml penicillin and 100 units/ml streptomycin. Supernatant was collected and fresh serum-free medium containing penicillin and streptomycin was added every 72 hours for 6 times. The supernatant comprising the porcine recombinant fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) was centrifuged (1,000 rpm) for 10 minutes to remove cells and cell debris. Concentration of the porcine recombinant fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) was calculated by evaluating its antiviral activity against PRRSV with the method described above.
Table 3 shows the concentration of the porcine recombinant fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) produced by roller bottles. The results show that the porcine recombinant fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) produced by roller bottles possesses higher antiviral activity against PRRSV than the IFN (P IFN-Fc) produced by 25 cm2 cell culture flasks.







TABLE 3







Concentration (IU/ml) of the porcine recombinant


fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) produced in roller bottles.









Number of Collecting Sample













Cell
1st time
2nd time
3rd time
4th time
5th time
6th time


number
(IU/ml)
(IU/ml)
(IU/ml)
(IU/ml)
(IU/ml)
(IU/ml)
















6.8 × 107 cells
4612.2
20771.0
43389.8
78104.7
68974.8
83194.7


8.0 × 107 cells
10123.6
27704.9
33387.6
43419.6
36846.3
48641.7









Table 4 shows the amount of the porcine recombinant fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) produced by the large-scale production method.







TABLE 4







The amount of the porcine recombinant fusion IFN


(P IFN-Fc) produced in a roller bottle (IU).









Number of Collecting Sample













Cell
1st time
2nd time
3rd time
4th time
5th time
6th time


number
(IU/ml)
(IU/ml)
(IU/ml)
(IU/ml)
(IU/ml)
(IU/ml)
















6.8 × 107 cells
922440
4154200
8677960
15620940
13794960
16638940


8.0 × 107 cells
2024720
5540980
6677520
8683920
7369260
9728340









EXAMPLE 7
Comparison of Antiviral Activities Against PRRSV of the Porcine Recombinant Fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) and a Porcine IFN (P IFN)
MARC-145 cells were cultivated at a density of 1.5×104 cells/well in 96-well cell culture plates at 37° C., 5% CO2 for 16 to 24 hours. After the culture medium was removed, the cells were treated with the porcine recombinant fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) or a porcine IFN encoding an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No. 2 (P IFN) for 16 to 24 hours. After the two types of IFN were removed, the cells were infected with PRRS virus (100 TCID50/100 μl) and then cultivated at 37° C., 5% CO2 for 4 to 5 days. Then cell viabilities were analyzed by MTT method.
Table 5 and FIG. 3 show the results of the assays of antiviral activity against PRRSV of the porcine recombinant fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) and the porcine IFN (P IFN). The results show that the porcine recombinant fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) possesses a higher antiviral activity against PRRSV than the porcine IFN (P IFN).







TABLE 5







Comparison of antiviral activities against PRRSV of the porcine 


recombinant fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) and the porcine IFN (P IFN).










Treatment
Antiviral Activities Against PRRSV (IU/μg)







P IFN-Fc
350



P IFN
150










EXAMPLE 8
Comparison of Antiviral Activities Against PRV of the Porcine Recombinant Fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) and a Porcine IFN (P IFN)
ST cells were cultivated at a density of 1.5×104 cells/well in 96-well cell culture plates at 37° C., 5% CO2 for 16 to 24 hours. After the culture medium was removed, the cells were treated with the porcine recombinant fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) or the porcine IFN encoding an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No. 2 (P IFN) for 16 to 24 hours. After the two types of IFN were removed, the cells were infected with PR virus (1 TCID50/100 μl) and then cultivated at 37° C., 5% CO2 for 4 to 5 days. Then cell viabilities were analyzed by MTT method.
Table 6 and FIG. 3 show the results of the assays of antiviral activity against PRV of the porcine recombinant fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) and the porcine IFN (P IFN). The results show that the porcine recombinant fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) possesses a higher antiviral activity against PRV than the porcine IFN (P IFN).







TABLE 6







Comparison of antiviral activities against PRV of the porcine 


recombinant fusion IFN (P IFN-Fc) and the porcine IFN (P IFN).










Treatment
Antiviral Activities Against PRRSV (IU/μg)














P IFN-Fc
40



P IFN
9.6










Based on the results of the Examples above, the recombinant fusion IFN for animals of the present invention possesses higher antiviral activities against both RNA virus and DNA virus than an animal IFN.
The foregoing description of the exemplary embodiments of the invention has been presented only for the purposes of illustration and description and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching.
The embodiments are chosen and described in order to explain the principles of the invention and their practical application so as to activate others skilled in the art to utilize the invention and various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. Alternative embodiments will become apparent to those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains without departing from its spirit and scope. Accordingly, to promote the progress in science and the useful arts, the scope of the present invention is disclosed and is intended to be limited only defined by the scope of the appended claims, rather than the foregoing description and the exemplary embodiments described therein.

## Claims

1. A polynucleotide encoding a recombinant fusion interferon, comprising the polynucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 or 9, wherein the encoded recombinant fusion interferon comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 corresponding to a porcine interferon and the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 corresponding to a porcine immunoglobulin Fc fragment, and the recombinant fusion interferon has a greater antivirus activity than a non-fusion porcine interferon for inhibition of a porcine virus.

2. The polynucleotide of claim 1, wherein the porcine virus is porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV).

3. The polynucleotide of claim 1, wherein the porcine virus is pseudorabies virus (PRV).

4. A method for producing a recombinant fusion interferon, comprising:
providing mammalian cells having a vector for expression, wherein the vector comprises the polynucleotide of claim 1 inserted therein;
cultivating the mammalian cells in serum-containing medium;
replacing the serum-containing medium with serum-free medium after the cells growing stably; and
collecting the serum-free medium and adding new serum-free medium to the cells every 1 to 5 days.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the serum-containing medium comprises about 0.1 to 10% (v/v) of serum.