8664 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 38 / Tuesday, February 27, 2007 / Proposed Rules 

Flooding source(s) Location of referenced elevation 

* Elevation in feet (NGVD) 

+ Elevation in feet (NAVD) 

# Depth in feet above 

ground Communities affected 

Effective Modified 

Neenah Creek ....................... Downstream side of County Highway CM ................... *783 *781 Columbia County (Unincorporated Areas). 

At confluence with Big Slough ..................................... *791 *790 

Spring Creek ......................... Approximately 1⁄2 mile downstream of Fair Street ....... *806 *805 City of Lodi. 

Upstream side of Riddle Road ..................................... *833 *834 

Spring Creek Tributary A ...... At confluence with Spring Creek .................................. *821 *821 City of Lodi. 

Approximately 1,300 feet upstream of Spring Street ... *821 *821 

Wisconsin River .................... Downstream side of State Highway 60 ........................ *748 *748 City of Portage, City of 

Wisconsin Dells, Columbia County (Unincorporated Areas). 

Upstream side of Interstate 39 ..................................... *795 *798 

At upstream county boundary between Columbia and 

Adams counties.

*848 *848 

* National Geodetic Vertical Datum. 

# Depth in feet above ground. 

+ North American Vertical Datum. 

ADDRESSES 

Columbia County (Unincorporated Areas) 

Maps are available for inspection at: Columbia County Planning and Zoning Department, 400 DeWitt St., Portage, WI 53901. 

Send comments to: John Bluemke, Director of Planning and Zoning, 400 DeWitt St., Portage, WI 53901. 

City of Lodi 

Maps are available for inspection at: City Clerk’s Office, 130 S. Main St., Lodi, WI 53555. 

Send comments to: Zoning Administrator, 130 S. Main St., Lodi, WI 53555. 

City of Portage 

Maps are available for inspection at: City Hall, 115 W. Pleasant St., Portage, WI 53901. 

Send comments to: City Administrator, 115 W. Pleasant St., Portage, WI 53901. 

City of Wisconsin Dells 

Maps are available for inspection at: City Hall, 300 La Crosse St., Wisconsin Dells, WI 53965. 

Send comments to: Michael Horkan, Director of Public Works, 300 La Crosse St., Wisconsin Dells, WI 53965. 

(Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance No. 

83.100, ‘‘Flood Insurance.’’) 

Dated: February 20, 2007. 

David I. Maurstad, 

Director, Mitigation Division, Federal 

Emergency Management Agency, Department 

of Homeland Security. 

[FR Doc. E7–3280 Filed 2–26–07; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 9110–12–P 

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 

National Highway Traffic Safety 

Administration 

49 CFR Parts 531 and 533 

[Docket No. NHTSA–2007–27350] 

Corporate Average Fuel Economy—

Request for Product Plan Information 

for Model Year 2007–2017 Passenger 

Cars and 2010–2017 Light Trucks 

AGENCY: National Highway Traffic 

Safety Administration (NHTSA), 

Department of Transportation (DOT). 

ACTION: Request for comments. 

SUMMARY: The purpose of this request 

for comments is to acquire new and 

updated information regarding vehicle 

manufacturers’ future product plans to 

aid in implementing the President’s 

plan for reforming and increasing 

corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) 

standards for passenger cars and further 

increasing the already reformed light 

truck standards. Under this plan, the 

President set a goal of reducing the 

annual gasoline use in 2017 by up to 8.5 

billion gallons. 

More specifically, we are seeking 

information related to fuel economy 

improvements for MY 2007–2017 

passenger cars and MY 2010–2017 light 

trucks. The agency is seeking 

information in anticipation of obtaining 

statutory authority to reform the 

passenger car CAFE program and to set 

standards under that structure for MY 

2010–2017 passenger cars. The agency 

is also seeking this information in 

anticipation of setting standards for MY 

2012–2017 light trucks. This 

information will help the agency in 

assessing, in greater detail, the potential 

levels of future standards under a 

reformed structure, and the impact of 

those standards on gasoline 

consumption, manufacturers, 

consumers, the economy, and motor 

vehicle safety. 

DATES: Comments must be received on 

or before May 29, 2007. 

ADDRESSES: You may submit comments 

[identified by DOT DMS Docket Number 

2007–] by any of the following methods: 

• Web Site: http://dms.dot.gov. 

Follow the instructions for submitting 

comments on the DOT electronic docket 

site. 

• Fax: 1–202–493–2251. 

• Mail: Docket Management Facility; 

U.S. Department of Transportation, 400 

Seventh Street, SW., Nassif Building, 

Room PL–401, Washington, DC 20590–

0001. 

• Hand Delivery: Room PL–401 on 

the plaza level of the Nassif Building, 

400 Seventh Street, SW., Washington, 

DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday 

through Friday, except Federal 

Holidays. 

• Federal eRulemaking Portal: Go to 

http://www.regulations.gov. Follow the 

online instructions for submitting 

comments. 


sroberts on PROD1PC70 with PROPOSALS
Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 38 / Tuesday, February 27, 2007 / Proposed Rules 8665 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For 

non-legal issues, call Ken Katz, Lead 

Engineer, Fuel Economy Division, 

Office of International Vehicle, Fuel 

Economy and Consumer Standards at 

(202) 366–0846, facsimile (202) 493–

2290, electronic mail ken.katz@dot.gov. 

For legal issues, call Steve Wood, Office 

of the Chief Counsel, at (202) 366–2992, 

electronic mail steve.wood@dot.gov. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

I. Introduction 

In December 1975, during the 

aftermath of the energy crisis created by 

the oil embargo of 1973–74, Congress 

enacted the Energy Policy and 

Conservation Act (EPCA). The Act 

established an automotive fuel economy 

regulatory program by adding Title V, 

‘‘Improving Automotive Efficiency,’’ to 

the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost 

Saving Act. Title V has been amended 

from time to time and codified without 

substantive change as Chapter 329 of 

Title 49 of the United States Code. 

Chapter 329 provides for the issuance of 

average fuel economy standards for 

passenger automobiles and automobiles 

that are not passenger automobiles 

(passenger cars). 

Section 32902(a) of Chapter 329 states 

that the Secretary of Transportation 

shall prescribe by regulation corporate 

average fuel economy (CAFE) standards 

for passenger cars for each model year. 

That section also states that ‘‘each 

standard shall be the maximum feasible 

average fuel economy level that the 

Secretary decides the manufacturers can 

achieve in that model year.’’ (The 

Secretary has delegated the authority to 

implement the automotive fuel economy 

program to the Administrator of 

NHTSA. (49 CFR 1.50(f))). Section 

32902(f) provides that, in determining 

the maximum feasible average fuel 

economy level, we shall consider four 

criteria: technological feasibility, 

economic practicability, the effect of 

other motor vehicle standards of the 

Government on fuel economy, and the 

need of the United States to conserve 

energy. 

To assist the agency in analyzing 

vehicle manufacturers’ future product 

plans NHTSA has included a number of 

questions, found in an appendix to this 

notice, directed primarily toward 

vehicle manufacturers. To facilitate our 

analysis, we are seeking detailed 

comments relative to the requests found 

in the appendix of this document. The 

appendix requests information from 

manufacturers regarding their product 

plans—including data about engines 

and transmissions—from MY 2007 

through MY 2017 for passenger cars, 

and the assumptions underlying those 

plans. Regarding light trucks, the agency 

is asking manufacturers to update the 

information it provided previously 

regarding MYs 2010 and 2011 product 

plans and to provide information 

regarding future product plans for MYs 

2012 to 2017. The appendix also asks 

manufacturers to assist the agency with 

its estimates of the future vehicle 

population and the fuel economy 

improvements and costs attributed to 

technologies. 

To facilitate comments and to ensure 

the conformity of data received 

regarding manufacturers’ product plans 

from MY 2007 through MY 2017, 

NHTSA has developed spreadsheet 

templates for manufacturers’ use. The 

uniformity provided by these 

spreadsheets is intended to aid and 

expedite our review, integration, and 

analysis of the information provided. 

These templates are the preferred format 

for data submittal, and can be found on 

the Volpe National Transportation 

Systems Center (Volpe Center) Web site 

at: ftp://ftpserver.volpe.dot.gov/pub/ 

CAFE/templates/. (If there are 

difficulties in downloading these 

templates, contact Ken Katz at (202) 

366–0846.) The templates include an 

automated tool (i.e., a macro) that 

performs some auditing to identify 

missing or potentially erroneous entries. 

The Appendix also includes sample 

tables that manufacturers may refer to 

when submitting their data to the 

Agency. 

II. Comments 

Submission of Comments 

How Do I Prepare and Submit 

Comments? 

Your comments must be written and 

in English. To ensure that your 

comments are correctly filed in the 

Docket, please include the docket 

number of this document in your 

comments. 

Your comments must not be more 

than 15 pages long. (49 CFR 553.21). We 

established this limit to encourage you 

to write your primary comments in a 

concise fashion. However, you may 

attach necessary additional documents 

to your comments. There is no limit on 

the length of the attachments. 

Please submit two copies of your 

comments, including the attachments, 

to Docket Management at the address 

given above under ADDRESSES. 

Comments may also be submitted to the 

docket electronically by logging onto the 

Dockets Management System Web site 

at http://dms.dot.gov. Click on ‘‘Help & 

Information’’ or ‘‘Help/Info’’ to obtain 

instructions for filing the document 

electronically. 

How Can I Be Sure That My Comments 

Were Received? 

If you wish Docket Management to 

notify you upon its receipt of your 

comments, enclose a self-addressed, 

stamped postcard in the envelope 

containing your comments. Upon 

receiving your comments, Docket 

Management will return the postcard by 

mail. 

How Do I Submit Confidential Business 

Information? 

If you wish to submit any information 

under a claim of confidentiality, you 

should submit three copies of your 

complete submission, including the 

information you claim to be confidential 

business information, to the Chief 

Counsel, NHTSA, at the address given 

above under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION

CONTACT. In addition, you should 

submit two copies, from which you 

have deleted the claimed confidential 

business information, to Docket 

Management at the address given above 

under ADDRESSES. When you send a 

comment containing information 

claimed to be confidential business 

information, you should include a cover 

letter setting forth the information 

specified in our confidential business 

information regulation. (49 CFR part 

512.) 

Will the Agency Consider Late 

Comments? 

We will consider all comments that 

Docket Management receives before the 

close of business on the comment 

closing date indicated above under 

DATES. We are issuing this notice now in 

the anticipation that Congress will act 

quickly on the President’s request for 

statutory authority necessary to reform 

the CAFE standards for passenger cars. 

Accordingly, the agency may be very 

limited in its ability to consider 

comments filed after the comment 

closing date. 

How Can I Read the Comments 

Submitted by Other People? 

You may read the comments received 

by Docket Management at the address 

given above under ADDRESSES. The 

hours of the Docket are indicated above 

in the same location. You may also see 

the comments on the Internet. To read 

the comments on the Internet, take the 

following steps: 

(1) Go to the Docket Management 

System (DMS) Web page of the 

Department of Transportation (http:// 

dms.dot.gov/). 

(2) On that page, click on ‘‘search.’’

(3) On the next page (http:// 

dms.dot.gov/search/ 

searchFormSimple.cfm), type in the 


sroberts on PROD1PC70 with PROPOSALS
8666 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 38 / Tuesday, February 27, 2007 / Proposed Rules 

four-digit docket number shown at the 

beginning of this document. Example: If 

the docket number were ‘‘NHTSA–

1998–1234,’’ you would type ‘‘1234.’’

After typing the docket number, click on 

‘‘search.’’

(4) On the next page, which contains 

docket summary information for the 

docket you selected, click on the desired 

comments. You may download the 

comments. However, since the 

comments are imaged documents, 

instead of word processing documents, 

the downloaded comments are not word 

searchable. Please note that even after 

the comment closing date, we will 

continue to file relevant information in 

the Docket as it becomes available. 

Accordingly, we recommend that you 

periodically check the Docket for new 

material. 

Anyone is able to search the 

electronic form of all comments 

received into any of our dockets by the 

name of the individual submitting the 

comment (or signing the comment, if 

submitted on behalf of an association, 

business, labor union, etc.). You may 

review DOT’s complete Privacy Act 

Statement in the Federal Register 

published on April 11, 2000 (Volume 

65, Number 70; Pages 19477–78) or you 

may visit http://dms.dot.gov. 

Authority: 15 U.S.C. 2007; delegation of 

authority at 49 CFR 1.50. 

Issued on: February 21, 2007. 

Stephen R. Kratzke, 

Associate Administrator for Rulemaking. 

Appendix 

I. Definitions 

As used in this appendix—

1. ‘‘Automobile,’’ ‘‘fuel economy,’’

‘‘manufacturer,’’ and ‘‘model year,’’

have the meaning given them in Section 

32901 of Chapter 329 of Title 49 of the 

United States Code,49 U.S.C. 32901. 

2. ‘‘Cargo-carrying volume,’’ ‘‘gross 

vehicle weight rating’’ (GVWR), and 

‘‘passenger-carrying volume’’ are used 

as defined in 49 CFR 523.2. 

3. ‘‘Basic engine’’ has the meaning 

given in 40 CFR 600.002–85(a)(21). 

When identifying a basic engine, 

respondent should provide the 

following information: 

(i) Engine displacement (in liters). If 

the engine has variable displacement 

(i.e., cylinder deactivation) the 

respondent should provide both the 

minimum and maximum engine 

displacement. 

(ii) Number of cylinders or rotors. 

(iii) Number of valves per cylinder. 

(iv) Cylinder configuration (V, in-line, 

etc.). 

(v) Other engine characteristics, 

abbreviated as follows: 

A—Atkinson cycle 

AM—Atkinson/Miller cycle 

D—Diesel cycle 

M—Miller cycle 

O—Otto cycle 

OA—Otto/Atkinson cycle 

V—V-shaped 

I—Inline 

R—Rotary 

DI—Direct injection 

IDI—Indirect injection 

MPFI—Multipoint fuel injection 

PFI—Port fuel injection 

SEFI—Sequential electronic fuel 

injection 

SIDI—Stoichiometric spark ignition 

direct injection 

TBI—Throttle body fuel injection 

NA—Naturally aspirated 

T—Turbocharged 

S—Supercharged 

FFS—Feedback fuel system 

2S—Two-stroke engines 

C—Camless 

OHV—Overhead valve 

SOHC—Single overhead camshaft 

DOHC—Dual overhead camshafts 

VVT—Variable valve timing 

VVLT—Variable valve lift and timing 

VCT—Variable cam timing 

CYDA—Cylinder deactivation 

IVT—Intake valve throttling 

CVA—Camless valve actuation 

VCR—Variable compression ratio 

LBFB—lean burn-fast burn combustion 

DCL—Dual cam lobes 

E—Exhaust continuous phasing 

EIE—Equal continuous intake and 

exhaust phasing 

ICP—Intake continuous phasing 

IIE—Independent continuous intake and 

exhaust 

CV—Continuously variable valve lift 

F—Fixed valve lift 

SVI—Stepped variable intake with 2 or 

more fixed profiles 

SVIE—Stepped variable intake and 

exhaust with 2 or more fixed 

profiles 

4. ‘‘Domestically manufactured’’ is 

used as defined in Section 32904(b)(2) 

of Chapter 329, 49 U.S.C. 32904(b)(2). 

5. ‘‘Footprint’’ means the product of 

average track width (measured in inches 

and rounded to the nearest tenth of an 

inch) times wheelbase (measured in 

inches and rounded to the nearest tenth 

of an inch) divided by 144 and then 

rounded to the nearest tenth of a square 

foot. For purposes of this definition, 

track width is the lateral distance 

between the centerlines of the base tires 

at ground, including the camber angle. 

For purposes of this definition, 

wheelbase is the longitudinal distance 

between front and rear wheel 

centerlines. 

6. ‘‘Passenger car’’ means an 

automobile of the type described in 49 

CFR part 523.3 and 523.4. 

7. A ‘‘model’’ of passenger car is a 

line, such as the Chevrolet Impala, Ford 

Fusion, Honda Accord, etc., which 

exists within a manufacturer’s fleet. 

8. ‘‘Model Type’’ is used as defined in 

40 CFR 600.002–85(a)(19). 

9. ‘‘Percent fuel economy 

improvements’’ means that percentage 

which corresponds to the amount by 

which respondent could improve the 

fuel economy of vehicles in a given 

model or class through the application 

of a specified technology, averaged over 

all vehicles of that model or in that class 

which feasibly could use the 

technology. Projections of percent fuel 

economy improvement should be based 

on the assumption of maximum efforts 

by respondent to achieve the highest 

possible fuel economy increase through 

the application of the technology. The 

baseline for determination of percent 

fuel economy improvement is the level 

of technology and vehicle performance 

with respect to acceleration and 

gradeability for respondent’s 2007 

model year passenger cars and light 

trucks in the equivalent class. 

10. ‘‘Percent production 

implementation rate’’ means that 

percentage which corresponds to the 

maximum number of passenger cars of 

a specified class, which could feasibly 

employ a given type of technology if 

respondent made maximum efforts to 

apply the technology by a specified 

model year. 

11. ‘‘Production percentage’’ means 

the percent of respondent’s passenger 

cars of a specified model projected to be 

manufactured in a specified model year. 

12. ‘‘Project’’ or ‘‘projection’’ refers to 

the best estimates made by respondent, 

whether or not based on less than 

certain information. 

13. ‘‘Redesign’’ means any change, or 

combination of changes, to a vehicle 

that would change its weight by 50 

pounds or more or change its frontal 

area or aerodynamic drag coefficient by 

2 percent or more. 

14. ‘‘Relating to’’ means constituting, 

defining, containing, explaining, 

embodying, reflecting, identifying, 

stating, referring to, dealing with, or in 

any way pertaining to. 

15. ‘‘Respondent’’ means each 

manufacturer (including all its 

divisions) providing answers to the 

questions set forth in this appendix, and 

its officers, employees, agents or 

servants. 

16. ‘‘Test Weight’’ is used as defined 

in 40 CFR 86.082–2. 

17. ‘‘Track Width’’ means the lateral 

distance between the centerlines of the 

base tires at ground, including the 

camber angle. 


sroberts on PROD1PC70 with PROPOSALS
Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 38 / Tuesday, February 27, 2007 / Proposed Rules 8667 

18. ‘‘Transmission class’’ is used as 

defined in 40 CFR 600.002–85(a)(22). 

When identifying a transmission class, 

respondent also must indicate whether 

the type of transmission, and whether it 

is equipped with a lockup torque 

converter (LUTC), a split torque 

converter (STC), and/or a wide gear 

ratio range (WR) and specify the number 

of forward gears or whether the 

transmissions a continuously variable 

design (CVT). If the transmission is of a 

hybrid type, that should also be 

indicated. Other descriptive information 

may also be added, as needed. 

19. ‘‘Truckline’’ means the name 

assigned by the Environmental 

Protection Agency to a different group 

of vehicles within a make or car 

division in accordance with that 

agency’s 2001 model year pickup, van 

(cargo vans and passenger vans are 

considered separate truck lines), and 

special purpose vehicle criteria. 

20. ‘‘Variants of existing engines’’

means versions of an existing basic 

engine that differ from that engine in 

terms of displacement, method of 

aspiration, induction system or that 

weigh at least 25 pounds more or less 

than that engine. 

21. ‘‘Wheelbase’’ means the 

longitudinal distance between front and 

rear wheel centerlines. 

II. Assumptions 

All assumptions concerning emission 

standards, damageability regulations, 

safety standards, etc., should be listed 

and described in detail by the 

respondent. 

III. Specifications—Passenger Car Data 

Go to ftp://ftpserver.volpe.dot.gov/ 

pub/CAFE/templates/ for spreadsheet 

templates. (If there are difficulties in 

downloading these templates, contact 

Ken Katz at (202) 366–0846.) 

1. Identify all passenger car models 

currently offered for sale in MY 2007 

whose production you project 

discontinuing before MY 2010 and 

identify the last model year in which 

each will be offered. 

2. Identify all basic engines offered by 

respondent in MY 2007 passenger cars 

which respondent projects it will cease 

to offer for sale in passenger cars before 

MY 2010, and identify the last model 

year in which each will be offered. 

3. For each model year 2007–2017, 

list all projected car lines and provide 

the information specified below for each 

model type. Model types that are 

essentially identical except for their 

nameplates (e.g., Ford Fusion/Mercury 

Milan) may be combined into one item. 

Engines having the same displacement 

but belonging to different engine 

families are to be grouped separately. 

Within the fleet, the vehicles are to be 

sorted first by car line, second by basic 

engine, and third by transmission type. 

For each model type, a specific indexed 

engine and transmission are to be 

identified. As applicable, an indexed 

predecessor model type is also to be 

identified. Spreadsheet templates can be 

found at ftp://ftpserver.volpe.dot.gov/ 

pub/CAFE/templates/. These templates 

include codes and definitions for the 

data that the agency is seeking, 

including, but not limited to the 

following: 

a. General Information 

1. Number—a unique number 

assigned to each model 

2. Manufacturer—manufacturer 

abbreviation (e.g., TOY) 

3. Model—name of model (e.g., 

Camry) 

4. Nameplate—vehicle nameplate 

(e.g., Camry Solara) 

5. Fuel Economy—measured in miles 

per gallon; weighted (FTP + highway) 

fuel economy 

6. Actual FE (FFVs)—measured in 

miles per gallon; for flexible fuel 

vehicles, fuel economy when vehicle is 

operated on gasoline only 

7. Engine Code—unique number 

assigned to each engine 

A. Manufacturer—manufacturer 

abbreviation (e.g., GMC, FMC, HON) 

B. Name—name of engine 

C. Configuration—classified as V = V4, 

V6, V8, V10 or V12; I = inline; R = 

rotary 

D. Fuel—classified as CNG = 

compressed natural gas, D = diesel, E 

= electricity, E85 = ethanol flexiblefuel, E100 = neat ethanol, G = 

gasoline, H = hydrogen, LNG = 

liquefied natural gas, LPG = propane, 

M85 = methanol flexible-fuel, M100 = 

neat methanol 

E. Engine’s country of origin 

F. Engine Oil Viscosity—typical values 

as text include 0W20, 5W20, etc.; 

ratio between the applied shear stress 

and the rate of shear, which measures 

the resistance of flow of the engine oil 

(as per SAE Glossary of Automotive 

Terms) 

G. Cycle—combustion cycle of engine. 

Classified as A = Atkinson, AM = 

Atkinson/Miller, D = Diesel, M = 

Miller, O = Otto, OA = Otto/Atkinson 

H. Air/Fuel Ratio—the weighted (FTP + 

highway) air/fuel ratio (mass): a 

number generally around 14.7 

I. Fuel System—mechanism that 

delivers fuel to engine. Classified as 

DI = direct injection, IDI = indirect 

injection, MPFI = multipoint fuel 

injection, PFI = port fuel injection, 

SEFI = sequential electronic fuel 

injection, SIDI = Stoichiometric spark 

ignition direct injection, TBI = throttle 

body fuel injection 

J. Aspiration—based on breathing or 

induction process of engine (as per 

SAE Automotive Dictionary). 

Classified as NA = naturally 

aspirated,S = supercharged, T = 

turbocharged 

K. Valvetrain Design—describes design 

of the total mechanism from camshaft 

to valve of an engine that actuates the 

lifting and closing of a valve (as per 

SAE Glossary of Automotive Terms). 

Classified as C = camless, DOHC = 

dual overhead cam, OHV = overhead 

valve,SOHC = single overhead cam 

L. Valve Actuation/Timing—based on 

valve opening and closing points in 

the operating cycle (as per SAE J604). 

Classified as CC = continuously 

controlled, EIE = equal continuous 

intake and exhaust phasing,DCL = 

dual cam lobes, E = exhaust 

continuous phasing, F = fixed, ICP = 

intake continuous phasing, IIE = 

independent continuous intake and 

exhaust phasing, or other designation, 

VCT = variable cam timing, VVTE = 

variable valve timing, exhaust 

M. Valve Lift—describes the manner in 

which the valve is raised during 

combustion (as per SAE Automotive 

Dictionary). Classified as CV = 

continuously variable (throttled), F = 

fixed, SVI = stepped variable intake 

with 2 or more fixed profiles, SVIE = 

stepped variable intake and exhaust 

with 2 or more fixed profiles, or other 

designation 

N. Cylinders—the number of engine 

cylinders. An integer equaling 3, 4, 5, 

6, 8, 10 or 12 

O. Valves/Cylinder—the number of 

valves per cylinder. An integer from 

2 through 5 

P. Deactivation—weighted (FTP + 

highway) aggregate degree of 

deactivation. For example, enter 0.25 

for deactivation of half the cylinders 

over half the drive cycle, and enter 0 

for no valve deactivation 

Q. Displacement—total volume 

displaced by a piston in a single 

stroke, measured in liters 

R. Compression Ratio (min)—typically a 

number around 8; for fixed CR 

engines, should be identical to 

maximum CR 

S. Compression Ratio (max)—a number 

between 8 and 14; for fixed CR 

engines, should be identical to 

minimum CR 

T. Horsepower—the maximum power of 

the engine, measured as horsepower 

U. Torque—the maximum torque of the 

engine, measured as ft-lb. 


sroberts on PROD1PC70 with PROPOSALS
8668 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 38 / Tuesday, February 27, 2007 / Proposed Rules 

8. Transmission Code—an integer; 

unique number assigned to each 

transmission 

A. Manufacturer—manufacturer 

abbreviation (e.g., GMC, FMC, HON) 

B. Name—name of transmission 

C. Country of origin—where the 

transmission is manufactured 

D. Type—type of transmission. 

Classified as C = clutch, CVT1 = belt 

or chain CVT, CVT2 = other CVT, T 

= torque converter 

E. Number of Forward Gears—integer 

indicating number of forward gears 

(or blank or ‘‘CVT’’ for CVT) 

F. Control—classified as A = automatic, 

M = manual; ASMT would be coded 

as Type = C, Control = A 

G. Logic—indicates aggressivity of 

automatic shifting. Classified as A = 

aggressive, C = conventional U.S. 

9. Origin—classification (under CAFE 

program) as domestic or import, listed 

as D = domestic, I = import 

b. Sales—actual and projected U.S. 

production for MY2007 to MY 2017 

inclusive, measured in number of 

vehicles 

c. Vehicle Information 

1. Style—classified as Sedan; Coupe; 

Hatchback; Wagon; or Convertible 

2. Class—classified as Two-Seater Car; 

Mini-Compact Car; Subcompact Car; 

Compact Car; Midsize Car; Large Car; 

Small Station Wagon; Midsize Station 

Wagon; or Large Station Wagon 

3. Structure—classified as either 

Ladder or Unibody 

4. Drive—classified as A = all-wheel 

drive; F = front-wheel drive; R = rearwheel-drive; 4 = 4-wheel drive 

5. Length—measured in inches; 

defined per SAE J1100, L103 (Sept. 

2005) 

6. Width—measured in inches; 

defined per SAE J1100, W116 (Sept. 

2005) 

7. Wheelbase—measured in inches; 

defined per SAE J1100, L101 (Sept. 

2005) 

8. Track Width (front)—measured in 

inches; defined per SAE J1100, W101–

1 (Sept. 2005), and clarified above 

9. Track Width (rear)—measured in 

inches; defined per SAE J1100, W101–

2(Sept. 2005), and clarified above 

10. Footprint—wheelbase times 

average track width; measured in square 

feet, clarified above 

11. Running Clearance—measured in 

centimeters; defined per 49 CFR 323.5 

12. Front Axle Clearance—measured 

in centimeters; defined per 49 CFR 

323.5 

13. Rear Axle Clearance—measured in 

centimeters; defined per 49 CFR 323.5 

14. Angle of Approach—measured in 

degrees; defined per 49 CFR 323.5 

15. Breakover Angle—measured in 

degrees; defined per 49 CFR 323.5 

16. Angle of Departure—measured in 

degrees; defined per 49 CFR 323.5 

17. Curb Weight—total weight of 

vehicle including batteries, lubricants, 

and other expendable supplies but 

excluding the driver, passengers, and 

other payloads, measured in pounds; 

per SAE J1100 (Sept. 2005) 

18. Test Weight—weight of vehicle as 

tested, including the driver, operator (if 

necessary), and all instrumentation (as 

per SAE J1263); measured in pounds 

19. GVWR—Gross Vehicle Weight 

Rating; maximum weight of loaded 

vehicle, including passengers and cargo; 

measured in pounds 

20. Towing Capacity (Standard)—

measured in pounds 

21. Towing Capacity (Maximum)—

measured in pounds 

22. Payload—measured in pounds 

23. Cargo volume behind the front 

row—measured in cubic feet, defined 

per Table 28 of SAE J1100 (Sept. 2005) 

24. Cargo volume behind the second 

row—measured in cubic feet, defined 

per Table 28 of SAE J1100 (Sept. 2005) 

25. Cargo volume behind the third 

row—measured in cubic feet, defined 

per Table 28 of SAE J1100 (Sept. 2005) 

26. Enclosed Volume—measured in 

cubic feet 

27. Passenger Volume—measured in 

cubic feet; the volume measured using 

SAE J1100 as per EPA Fuel Economy 

regulations (40 CFR 600.315–82, 

‘‘Classes of Comparable Automobiles’’). 

This is the number that manufacturers 

calculate and submit to EPA. 

28. Cargo Volume Index—defined per 

Table 28 of SAE J1100 (Sept. 2005) 

29. Luggage Capacity—measured in 

cubic feet; defined per SAE J1100, V1 

(Sept. 2005) 

30. Frontal Area—a measure of the 

wind profile of the vehicle, typically 

calculated as the height times width of 

a vehicle body, e.g. 35 square feet. 

31. Aerodynamic Drag Coefficient, 

Cd—an experimentally derived, 

dimensionless coefficient that relates 

the motion resistance force created by 

the air drag over the entire surface of a 

moving vehicle to the force of dynamic 

air pressure acting only over the 

vehicle’s frontal area e.g., 0.25. 

32. Tire Rolling Resistance, Crr—an 

experimentally derived, dimensionless 

coefficient that relates the motion 

resistance force force due to tire energy 

losses (e.g., deflection, scrubbing, slip, 

and air drag) to a vehicle’s weight e.g., 

0.0012. 

33. Seating (max)—number of usable 

seat belts before folding and removal of 

seats (where accomplished without 

special tools); provided in integer form 

34. Fuel Capacity—measured in 

gallons of diesel fuel or gasoline; MJ 

(LHV) of other fuels (or chemical battery 

energy) 

35. Electrical System Voltage—

measured in volts, e.g., 12 volt, 42 volts 

2005) 

d. MSRP—measured in dollars (2007); 

actual and projected average MSRP 

(sales-weighted, including options) for 

MY2007 to MY 2017 inclusive 

e. Hybridization 

1. Type of hybridization of the 

vehicle, if any—classified as E = 

electric, H = hydraulic 

2. Voltage (volts) or, for hydraulic 

hybrids, pressure (psi) 

3. Energy storage capacity—measured 

in MJ 

4. Battery type—Classified as NiMH = 

Nickel Metal Hydride; Li-ion = Lithium 

Ion 

5. Percentage of breaking energy 

recovered and stored 

6. Percentage of maximum motive 

power provided by stored energy system 

f. Planning and Assembly 

1. US/Canadian/Mexican Content—

measured as a percentage; overall 

percentage, by value, that originated in 

U.S., Canada and Mexico 

2. Final Assembly City 

3. Final Assembly State/Province (if 

applicable) 

4. Final Assembly Country 

5. Predecessor—number and name of 

model upon which current model is 

based, if any 

6. Last Freshening—model year 

7. Next Freshening—model year 

8. Last Redesign—model year; where 

redesign means any change, or 

combination of changes to a vehicle that 

would change its weight by 50 pounds 

or more or change its frontal area or 

aerodynamic drag coefficient by 2 

percent or more. 

9. Next Redesign—model year 

10. Employment Hours Per Vehicle—

number of hours of U.S. labor applied 

per vehicle produced 

The agency also requests that each 

manufacturer provide an estimate of its 

overall passenger car CAFE for each 

model year. This estimate should be 

included as an entry in the spreadsheets 

that are submitted to the agency. 

4. Does respondent project 

introducing any variants of existing 

basic engines or any new basic engines, 

other than those mentioned in your 

response to Question 3, in its passenger 

car fleets in MYs 2007–2017? If so, for 

each basic engine or variant indicate: 

a. The projected year of introduction, 

b. Type (e.g., spark ignition, direct 

injection diesel, 2-cycle, alternative fuel 

use), 


sroberts on PROD1PC70 with PROPOSALS
Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 38 / Tuesday, February 27, 2007 / Proposed Rules 8669 

c. Displacement (If engine has 

variable displacement, please provide 

the minimum and maximum 

displacement), 

d. Type of induction system (e.g., fuel 

injection with turbocharger, naturally 

aspirated), 

e. Cylinder configuration (e.g., V–8, 

V–6, I–4), 

f. Number of valves per cylinder (e.g., 

2, 3, 4), 

g. Valvetrain design (e.g., overhead 

valve, overhead camshaft), 

h. Valve technology (e.g., variable 

valve timing, variable valve lift and 

timing, intake valve throttling, camless 

valve actuation, etc.), 

i. Horsepower and torque ratings, 

j. Models in which engines are to be 

used, giving the introduction model 

year for each model if different from 

‘‘a,’’ above. 

5. Relative to MY 2007 levels, for MYs 

2007–2017, please provide information, 

by carline and as an average effect on a 

manufacturer’s entire passenger car 

fleet, on the weight and/or fuel economy 

impacts of the following standards or 

equipment: 

a. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety 

Standard (FMVSS 208) Automatic 

Restraints, 

b. FMVSS 201 Occupant Protection in 

Interior Impact, 

c. Voluntary installation of safety 

equipment (e.g., antilock brakes), 

d. Environmental Protection Agency 

regulations, 

e. California Air Resources Board 

requirements, 

f. Other applicable motor vehicle 

regulations affecting fuel economy. 

6. For each of the model years 2007–

2017, and for each passenger car model 

projected to be manufactured by 

respondent (if answers differ for the 

various models), provide the requested 

information on new technology 

applications for each of items ‘‘6a’’

through ‘‘6r’’ listed below: 

(i) description of the nature of the 

technological improvement; 

(ii) the percent fuel economy 

improvement averaged over the model; 

(iii) the basis for your answer to 6(ii), 

(e.g., data from dynamometer tests 

conducted by respondent, engineering 

analysis, computer simulation, reports 

of test by others); 

(iv) the percent production 

implementation rate and the reasons 

limiting the implementation rate; 

(v) a description of the 2007 baseline 

technologies and the 2007 

implementation rate; and 

(vi) the reasons for differing answers 

you provide to items (ii) and (iv) for 

different models in each model year. 

Include as a part of your answer to 6(ii) 

and 6(iv) a tabular presentation, a 

sample portion of which is shown in 

Table III–A. 

a. Improved automatic transmissions. 

Projections of percent fuel economy 

improvements should include benefits 

of lock-up or bypassed torque 

converters, electronic control of shift 

points and torque converter lock-up, 

and other measures which should be 

described. 

b. Improved manual transmissions. 

Projections of percent of fuel economy 

improvement should include the 

benefits of increasing mechanical 

efficiency, using improved transmission 

lubricants, and other measures (specify). 

c. Overdrive transmissions. If not 

covered in ‘‘a’’ or ‘‘b’’ above, project the 

percentage of fuel economy 

improvement attributable to overdrive 

transmissions (integral or auxiliary gear 

boxes), two-speed axles, or other similar 

devices intended to increase the range 

of available gear ratios. Describe the 

devices to be used and the application 

by model, engine, axle ratio, etc. 

d. Use of engine crankcase lubricants 

of lower viscosity or with additives to 

improve friction characteristics or 

accelerate engine break-in, or otherwise 

improved lubricants to lower engine 

friction horsepower. When describing 

the 2007 baseline, specify the viscosity 

of and any fuel economy-improving 

additives used in the factory-fill 

lubricants. 

e. Reduction of engine parasitic losses 

through improvement of engine-driven 

accessories or accessory drives. Typical 

engine-driven accessories include water 

pump, cooling fan, alternator, power 

steering pump, air conditioning 

compressor, and vacuum pump. 

f. Reduction of tire rolling losses, 

through changes in inflation pressure, 

use of materials or constructions with 

less hysteresis, geometry changes (e.g., 

reduced aspect ratio), reduction in 

sidewall and tread deflection, and other 

methods. When describing the 2007 

baseline, include a description of the 

tire types used and the percent usage 

rate of each type. 

g. Reduction in other driveline losses, 

including losses in the non-powered 

wheels, the differential assembly, wheel 

bearings, universal joints, brake drag 

losses, use of improved lubricants in the 

differential and wheel bearing, and 

optimizing suspension geometry (e.g., to 

minimize tire scrubbing loss). 

h. Reduction of aerodynamic drag. 

i. Turbocharging or supercharging. 

j. Improvements in the efficiency of 4- 

cycle spark ignition engines including 

(1) increased compression ratio; (2) 

leaner air-to-fuel ratio; (3) revised 

combustion chamber configuration; (4) 

fuel injection; (5) electronic fuel 

metering; (6) interactive electronic 

control of engine operating parameters 

(spark advance, exhaust gas 

recirculation, air-to-fuel ratio); (8) 

variable valve timing or valve lift; (9) 

multiple valves per cylinder; (10) 

cylinder deactivation; (11) friction 

reduction by means such as low tension 

piston rings and roller cam followers; 

(12) higher temperature operation; and 

(13) other methods (specify). 

k. Direct injection gasoline engines. 

l. Naturally aspirated diesel engines, 

with direct or indirect fuel injection. 

m. Turbocharged or supercharged 

diesel engines with direct or indirect 

fuel injection. 

n. Stratified-charge reciprocating or 

rotary engines, with direct or indirect 

fuel injection. 

o. Two cycle spark ignition engines. 

p. Use of hybrid drivetrains. 

q. Use of fuel cells; provide a 

thorough description of the fuel cell 

technology employed, including fuel 

type and power output. 

r. Other technologies for improving 

fuel economy or efficiency. 

7. For each model of respondent’s 

passenger car fleet projected to be 

manufactured in each of MYs 2007–

2017, describe the methods used to 

achieve reductions in average test 

weight. For each specified model year 

and model, describe the extent to which 

each of the following methods for 

reducing vehicle weight will be used. 

Separate listings are to be used for 4x2 

passenger cars, 4x4 passenger cars, and 

all-wheel drive passenger cars. 

a. Substitution of materials. 

b. ‘‘Downsizing’’ of existing vehicle 

design to reduce weight while 

maintaining interior roominess and 

comfort for passengers, and utility, i.e., 

the same or approximately the same, 

payload and cargo volume, using the 

same basic body configuration and 

driveline layout as current counterparts. 

c. Use of new vehicle body 

configuration concepts, which provides 

reduced weight for approximately the 

same payload and cargo volume. 

8. Indicate any MY 2007–2017 

passenger car model types that have 

higher average test weights than 

comparable MY 2006 model types. 

Describe the reasons for any weight 

increases (e.g., increased option content, 

less use of premium materials) and 

provide supporting justification. 

9. For each new or redesigned vehicle 

identified in response to Question 3 and 

each new engine or fuel economy 

improvement identified in your 

response to Questions 3, 4, 5, and 6, 

provide your best estimate of the 


sroberts on PROD1PC70 with PROPOSALS
8670 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 38 / Tuesday, February 27, 2007 / Proposed Rules 

following, in terms of constant 2007 

dollars: 

(a) Total capital costs required to 

implement the new/redesigned model 

or improvement according to the 

implementation schedules specified in 

your response. Subdivide the capital 

costs into tooling, facilities, launch, and 

engineering costs. 

(b) The maximum production 

capacity, expressed in units of capacity 

per year, associated with the capital 

expenditure in (a) above. Specify the 

number of production shifts on which 

your response is based and define 

‘‘maximum capacity’’ as used in your 

answer. 

(c) The actual capacity that is planned 

to be used each year for each new/ 

redesigned model or fuel economy 

improvement. 

(d) The increase in variable costs per 

affected unit, based on the production 

volume specified in (b) above. 

(e) The equivalent retail price increase 

per affected vehicle for each new/ 

redesigned model or improvement. 

Provide an example describing 

methodology used to determine the 

equivalent retail price increase. 

10. Please provide respondent’s actual 

and projected U.S. passenger car sales, 

4x2 and 4x4, 0–8,500 lbs. GVWR for 

each model year from 2007 through 

2017, inclusive. Please subdivide the 

data into the following vehicle 

categories: 

i. Two-Seater Car (e.g., Chevrolet 

Corvette, Honda S2000, Porsche 

Boxter) 

ii. Mini-Compact Car (e.g., Audi TT, 

Mitsubishi Eclipse, Mini Cooper) 

iii. Compact Car (e.g., Ford Focus, VW 

Golf, Kia Rio) 

iv. Midsize Car (e.g., Chevrolet Malibu, 

Honda Accord, Toyota Camry) 

v. Large Car (e.g., Ford Crown Victoria, 

Cadillac DTS, Mercedes Maybach) 

vi. Small Station Wagon (e.g., BMW 325 

Sport Wagon, Subaru Impreza Wagon, 

Pontiac Vibe/Toyota Matrix) 

vii. Midsize Station Wagon (e.g., Saab 

9–5 Wagon, Volvo V70 Wagon, Jaguar 

X-Type Wagon) 

viii. Large Station Wagon (e.g., 

Mercedes E-Class Wagon, Dodge 

Magnum, BMW 530 XiT Wagon) 

See Table III–B for a sample format. 

11. Please provide your estimates of 

projected total industry U.S. passenger 

car sales for each model year from 2007 

through 2017, inclusive. Please 

subdivide the data into 4x2, 4x4 and allwheel drive sales and into the vehicle 

categories listed in the sample format in 

Table III–C. 

12. Please provide your company’s 

assumptions for U.S. gasoline and diesel 

fuel prices during 2007 through 2017. 

13. Please provide projected 

production capacity available for the 

North American market (at standard 

production rates) for each of your 

company’s passenger carline 

designations during MYs 2007–2017. 

14. Please provide your estimate of 

production lead-time for new models, 

your expected model life in years, and 

the number of years over which tooling 

costs are amortized. 

Note: The parenthetical numbers in Tables 

III–A refer to the items in Section III, 

Specifications. 

TABLE III–A.—TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENTS

Technological improvement Baseline 

technology 

Percent fuel 

economy 

improvement, % 

Basis for 

improvement estimate 

Models on 

which technology is 

applied 

Production share of model with technological 

improvement 

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011+ 

(6a.) Improved Auto Trans: 

A5 .............................................. .................... 4.0 .................... .................... 20 35 50 60 80 

A6 .............................................. .................... 4.5 .................... .................... 15 20 30 40 55 

A7 .............................................. .................... 5.0 .................... .................... 0 0 15 25 35 

(6b.) Improved Manual Trans: 

M5 ............................................. .................... 1.0 .................... .................... 12 15 20 25 32 

M6 ............................................. .................... 0.7 .................... .................... 0 0 0 8 10 

TABLE III–B.—ACTUAL AND PROJECTED U.S. PASSENGER CAR SALES

Amalgamated Motors passenger car sales projections 

Model line 

Model year 

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012+ 

Two-Seater ....................................................................... 43,500 .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Mini-Compact ................................................................... 209,340 .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Subcompact ..................................................................... 120,000 .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Compact ........................................................................... 60,000 .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Midsize ............................................................................. 20,000 .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Large ................................................................................ 29,310 .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Small Station Wagon ....................................................... 54,196 .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Midsize Station Wagon .................................................... 38,900 .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Large Station Wagon ....................................................... 24,000 .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Total .......................................................................... TBD .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

TABLE III–C.—TOTAL U.S. PASSENGER CAR SALES

Model type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012+ 

Two-Seater ....................................................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Mini-Compact ................................................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Subcompact ..................................................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................


sroberts on PROD1PC70 with PROPOSALS
Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 38 / Tuesday, February 27, 2007 / Proposed Rules 8671 

TABLE III–C.—TOTAL U.S. PASSENGER CAR SALES—Continued 

Model type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012+ 

Compact ........................................................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Midsize ............................................................................. .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Large ................................................................................ .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Small Station Wagon ....................................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Midsize Station Wagon .................................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Large Station Wagon ....................................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Total .......................................................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

IV. Specifications—Light Truck Data 

Go to ftp://ftpserver.volpe.dot.gov/ 

pub/CAFE/templates/ for spreadsheet 

templates. (If there are difficulties in 

downloading these templates, contact 

Ken Katz at (202) 366–0846.) 

1. Identify all light truck models 

currently offered for sale in MY 2007 

whose production you project 

discontinuing before MY 2010 and 

identify the last model year in which 

each will be offered. 

2. Identify all basic engines offered by 

respondent in MY 2007 light trucks 

which respondent projects it will cease 

to offer for sale in light trucks before MY 

2010, and identify the last model year 

in which each will be offered. 

3. For each model year 2010–2017, 

list all projected light truck lines and 

provide the information specified below 

for each model type. Model types that 

are essentially identical except for their 

nameplates (e.g., Chrysler Town & 

Country/Dodge Caravan) may be 

combined into one item. Engines having 

the same displacement but belonging to 

different engine families are to be 

grouped separately. Within the fleet, the 

vehicles are to be sorted first by truck 

line, second by basic engine, and third 

by transmission type. For each model 

type, a specific indexed engine and 

transmission are to be identified. As 

applicable, an indexed predecessor 

model type is also to be identified. 

Spreadsheet templates can be found at 

ftp://ftpserver.volpe.dot.gov/pub/CAFE/ 

templates/. These templates include 

codes and definitions for the data that 

the Agency is seeking, including, but 

not limited to the following: 

a. General Information 

1. Number—a unique number 

assigned to each model 

2. Manufacturer—manufacturer 

abbreviation (e.g., GMC) 

3. Model—name of model (e.g., 

Escalade) 

4. Nameplate—vehicle nameplate 

(e.g., Escalade ESV) 

5. Fuel Economy—measured in miles 

per gallon; weighted (FTP + highway) 

fuel economy 

6. Actual FE (FFVs)—measured in 

miles per gallon; for flexible fuel 

vehicles, fuel economy when vehicle is 

operated on gasoline only 

7. Engine Code—unique number 

assigned to each engine 

A. Manufacturer—manufacturer 

abbreviation (e.g., GMC, FMC, HON) 

B. Name—name of engine 

C. Configuration—classified as V = V4, 

V6, V8, V10 or V12; I = inline; R = 

rotary 

D. Fuel—classified as CNG = 

compressed natural gas, D = diesel, E 

= electricity, E85 = ethanol flexiblefuel, E100 = neat ethanol, G = 

gasoline, H = hydrogen, LNG = 

liquefied natural gas, LPG = 

propane,M85 = methanol flexiblefuel, M100 = neat methanol 

E. Engine’s country of origin 

F. Engine Oil Viscosity—typical values 

as text include 0W20, 5W20, etc.; 

ratio between the applied shear stress 

and the rate of shear, which measures 

the resistance of flow of the engine oil 

(as per SAE Glossary of Automotive 

Terms) 

G. Cycle—combustion cycle of engine. 

Classified as A = Atkinson, AM = 

Atkinson/Miller, D = Diesel, M = 

Miller, O = Otto, OA = Otto/Atkinson 

H. Air/Fuel Ratio—the weighted (FTP + 

highway) air/fuel ratio (mass): a 

number generally around 14.7 

I. Fuel System—mechanism that 

delivers fuel to engine. Classified as 

DI = direct injection, IDI = indirect 

injection, MPFI = multipoint fuel 

injection, PFI = port fuel injection, 

SEFI = sequential electronic fuel 

injection, SIDI = Stoichiometric spark 

ignition direct injection, TBI = throttle 

body fuel injection 

J. Aspiration—based on breathing or 

induction process of engine (as per 

SAE Automotive Dictionary). 

Classified as NA = naturally aspirated, 

S = supercharged, T = turbocharged 

K. Valvetrain Design—describes design 

of the total mechanism from camshaft 

to valve of an engine that actuates the 

lifting and closing of a valve (as per 

SAE Glossary of Automotive Terms). 

Classified as C = camless, DOHC = 

dual overhead cam, OHV = overhead 

valve, SOHC = single overhead cam 

L. Valve Actuation/Timing—based on 

valve opening and closing points in 

the operating cycle (as per SAE J604). 

Classified as CC = continuously 

controlled, EIE = equal continuous 

intake and exhaust phasing,DCL = 

dual cam lobes, E = exhaust 

continuous phasing, F = fixed, ICP = 

intake continuous phasing, IIE = 

independent continuous intake and 

exhaust phasing, or other designation, 

VCT = variable cam timing, VVTE = 

variable valve timing, exhaust 

M. Valve Lift—describes the manner in 

which the valve is raised during 

combustion (as per SAE Automotive 

Dictionary). Classified as CV = 

continuously variable (throttled), F = 

fixed, SVI = stepped variable intake 

with 2 or more fixed profiles, SVIE = 

stepped variable intake and exhaust 

with 2 or more fixed profiles, or other 

designation 

N. Cylinders—the number of engine 

cylinders. An integer equaling 3, 4, 5, 

6, 8, 10 or 12 

O. Valves/Cylinder—the number of 

valves per cylinder. An integer from 

2 through 5 

P. Deactivation—weighted (FTP + 

highway) aggregate degree of 

deactivation. For example, enter 0.25 

for deactivation of half the cylinders 

over half the drive cycle, and enter 0 

for no valve deactivation 

Q. Displacement—total volume 

displaced by a piston in a single 

stroke, measured in liters 

R. Compression Ratio (min)—typically a 

number around 8; for fixed CR 

engines, should be identical to 

maximum CR 

S. Compression Ratio (max)—a number 

between 8 and 14; for fixed CR 

engines, should be identical to 

minimum CR 

T. Horsepower—the maximum power of 

the engine, measured as horsepower. 

U. Torque—the maximum torque of the 

engine, measured as ft-lb. 

8. Transmission Code—an integer; 

unique number assigned to each 

transmission 


sroberts on PROD1PC70 with PROPOSALS
8672 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 38 / Tuesday, February 27, 2007 / Proposed Rules 

A. Manufacturer—manufacturer 

abbreviation (e.g., GMC, FMC, HON) 

B. Name—name of transmission 

C. Country of origin—where the 

transmission is manufactured 

D. Type—type of transmission. 

Classified as C = clutch, CVT1 = belt 

or chain CVT, CVT2 = other CVT, T 

= torque converter 

E. Number of Forward Gears—integer 

indicating number of forward gears 

(or blank or ‘‘CVT’’ for CVT) 

F. Control—classified as A = automatic, 

M = manual; ASMT would be coded 

as Type = C, Control = A 

G. Logic—indicates aggressivity of 

automatic shifting. Classified as A = 

aggressive, C = conventional U.S. 

9. Origin—classification (under CAFE 

program) as domestic or import, listed 

as D = domestic, I = import 

b. Sales—Actual and Projected U.S. 

Production for MY2010 to MY 2017 

Inclusive, Measured in Number of 

Vehicles 

c. Vehicle Information 

1. Style—classified as Crossover; 

Pickup; Sport Utility; or Van 

2. Class—classified as Cargo Van; 

Crossover Vehicle; Large Pickup; 

Midsize Pickup; Minivan; Passenger 

Van; Small Pickup; Sport Utility 

Vehicle; or Sport Utility Truck 

3. Structure—classified as either 

Ladder or Unibody 

4. Drive—classified as A = all-wheel 

drive; F = front-wheel drive; R = rearwheel-drive; 4 = 4-wheel drive 

5. Length—measured in inches; 

defined per SAE J1100, L103 (Sept. 

2005) 

6. Width—measured in inches; 

defined per SAE J1100, W116 (Sept. 

2005) 

7. Wheelbase—measured in inches; 

defined per SAE J1100, L101 (Sept. 

2005) 

8. Track Width (front)—measured in 

inches; defined per SAE J1100, W101–

1 (Sept. 2005), and clarified above 

9. Track Width (rear)—measured in 

inches; defined per SAE J1100, W101–

2(Sept. 2005), and clarified above 

10. Footprint—wheelbase times 

average track width; measured in square 

feet, clarified above 

11. Running Clearance—measured in 

centimeters; defined per 49 CFR 323.5 

12. Front Axle Clearance—measured 

in centimeters; defined per 49 CFR 

323.5 

13. Rear Axle Clearance—measured in 

centimeters; defined per 49 CFR 323.5 

14. Angle of Approach—measured in 

degrees; defined per 49 CFR 323.5 

15. Breakover Angle—measured in 

degrees; defined per 49 CFR 323.5 

16. Angle of Departure—measured in 

degrees; defined per 49 CFR 323.5 

17. Curb Weight—total weight of 

vehicle including batteries, lubricants, 

and other expendable supplies but 

excluding the driver, passengers, and 

other payloads, measured in pounds; 

per SAE J1100 (Sept. 2005) 

18. Test Weight—weight of vehicle as 

tested, including the driver, operator(if 

necessary), and all instrumentation (as 

per SAE J1263); measured in pounds 

19. GVWR—Gross Vehicle Weight 

Rating; maximum weight of loaded 

vehicle, including passengers and cargo; 

measured in pounds 

20. Towing Capacity (Standard)—

measured in pounds 

21. Towing Capacity (Maximum)—

measured in pounds 

22. Payload—measured in pounds 

23. Cargo volume behind the front 

row—measured in cubic feet, defined 

per Table 28 of SAE J1100 (Sept. 2005) 

24. Cargo volume behind the second 

row—measured in cubic feet, defined 

per Table 28 of SAE J1100 (Sept. 2005) 

25. Cargo volume behind the third 

row—measured in cubic feet, defined 

per Table 28 of SAE J1100 (Sept. 2005) 

26. Enclosed Volume—measured in 

cubic feet 

27. Passenger Volume—measured in 

cubic feet; the volume measured using 

SAE J1100 as per EPA Fuel Economy 

regulations (40 CFR 600.315–82, 

‘‘Classes of Comparable Automobiles’’). 

This is the number that manufacturers 

calculate and submit to EPA. 

28. Cargo Volume Index—defined per 

Table 28 of SAE J1100 (Sept. 2005) 

29. Luggage Capacity—measured in 

cubic feet; defined per SAE J1100, V1 

(Sept. 2005) 

30. Frontal Area—a measure of the 

wind profile of the vehicle, typically 

calculated as the height times width of 

a vehicle body, e.g. 35 square feet. 

31. Aerodynamic Drag Coefficient, 

Cd—an experimentally derived, 

dimensionless coefficient that relates 

the motion resistance force created by 

the air drag over the entire surface of a 

moving vehicle to the force of dynamic 

air pressure acting only over the 

vehicle’s frontal area e.g., 0.25. 

32. Tire Rolling Resistance, Crrr—an 

experimentally derived, dimensionless 

coefficient that relates the motion 

resistance force force due to tire energy 

losses (e.g., deflection, scrubbing, slip, 

and air drag) to a vehicle’s weight e.g., 

0.0012. 

33. Seating (max)—number of usable 

seat belts before folding and removal of 

seats (where accomplished without 

special tools); provided in integer form 

34. Fuel Capacity—measured in 

gallons of diesel fuel or gasoline; MJ 

(LHV) of other fuels (or chemical battery 

energy) 

35. Electrical System Voltage—

measured in volts, e.g., 12 volt, 42 volts 

2005 

d. MSRP—Measured in Dollars (2007); 

Actual and Projected Average MSRP 

(Sales-Weighted, Including Options) for 

MY2010 to MY 2017 Inclusive 

e. Hybridization 

1. Type of hybridization of the 

vehicle, if any—classified as E = 

electric, H = hydraulic 

2. Voltage (volts) or, for hydraulic 

hybrids, pressure (psi) 

3. Energy storage capacity—measured 

in MJ 

4. Battery type—Classified as NiMH = 

Nickel Metal Hydride; Li-ion = Lithium 

Ion 

5. Percentage of breaking energy 

recovered and stored 

6. Percentage of maximum motive 

power provided by stored energy system 

f. Planning and Assembly 

1. U.S./Canadian/Mexican Content—

measured as a percentage; overall 

percentage, by value, that originated in 

U.S., Canada and Mexico 

2. Final Assembly City 

3. Final Assembly State/Province (if 

applicable) 

4. Final Assembly Country 

5. Predecessor—number and name of 

model upon which current model is 

based, if any 

6. Last Freshening—model year 

7. Next Freshening—model year 

8. Last Redesign—model year; where 

redesign means any change, or 

combination of changes to a vehicle that 

would change its weight by 50 pounds 

or more or change its frontal area or 

aerodynamic drag coefficient by 2 

percent or more. 

9. Next Redesign—model year 

10. Employment Hours Per Vehicle—

number of hours of U.S. labor applied 

per vehicle produced 

The agency also requests that each 

manufacturer provide an estimate of its 

overall light truck CAFE for each model 

year. This estimate should be included 

as an entry in the spreadsheets that are 

submitted to the agency. 

4. Does respondent project 

introducing any variants of existing 

basic engines or any new basic engines, 

other than those mentioned in your 

response to Question 3, in its light truck 

fleets in MYs 2010–2017? If so, for each 

basic engine or variant indicate: 

a. The projected year of introduction, 

b. Type (e.g., spark ignition, direct 

injection diesel, 2-cycle, alternative fuel 

use), 


sroberts on PROD1PC70 with PROPOSALS
Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 38 / Tuesday, February 27, 2007 / Proposed Rules 8673 

c. Displacement (If engine has 

variable displacement, please provide 

the minimum and maximum 

displacement), 

d. Type of induction system (e.g., fuel 

injection with turbocharger, naturally 

aspirated), 

e. Cylinder configuration (e.g., V–8, 

V–6, I–4), 

f. Number of valves per cylinder (e.g., 

2, 3, 4), 

g. Valvetrain design (e.g., overhead 

valve, overhead camshaft) 

h. Valve technology (e.g., variable 

valve timing, variable valve lift and 

timing, intake valve throttling, camless 

valve actuation, etc.) 

i. Horsepower and torque ratings, 

j. Models in which engines are to be 

used, giving the introduction model 

year for each model if different from 

‘‘a,’’ above. 

5. Relative to MY 2007 levels, for MYs 

2010–2017, please provide information, 

by truckline and as an average effect on 

a manufacturer’s entire light truck fleet, 

on the weight and/or fuel economy 

impacts of the following standards or 

equipment: 

a. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety 

Standard (FMVSS 208) Automatic 

Restraints 

b. FMVSS 201 Occupant Protection in 

Interior Impact 

c. Voluntary installation of safety 

equipment (e.g., antilock brakes) 

d. Environmental Protection Agency 

regulations 

e. California Air Resources Board 

requirements 

f. Other applicable motor vehicle 

regulations affecting fuel economy. 

6. For each of the model years 2010–

2017, and for each light truck model 

projected to be manufactured by 

respondent (if answers differ for the 

various models), provide the requested 

information on new technology 

applications for each of items ‘‘6a’’

through ‘‘6r’’ listed below: 

(i) description of the nature of the 

technological improvement; 

(ii) the percent fuel economy 

improvement averaged over the model; 

(iii) the basis for your answer to 6(ii), 

(e.g., data from dynamometer tests 

conducted by respondent, engineering 

analysis, computer simulation, reports 

of test by others); 

(iv) the percent production 

implementation rate and the reasons 

limiting the implementation rate; 

(v) a description of the 2007 baseline 

technologies and the 2007 

implementation rate; and 

(vi) the reasons for differing answers 

you provide to items (ii) and (iv) for 

different models in each model year. 

Include as a part of your answer to 6(ii) 

and 6(iv) a tabular presentation, a 

sample portion of which is shown in 

Table III–A. 

a. Improved automatic transmissions. 

Projections of percent fuel economy 

improvements should include benefits 

of lock-up or bypassed torque 

converters, electronic control of shift 

points and torque converter lock-up, 

and other measures which should be 

described. 

b. Improved manual transmissions. 

Projections of percent of fuel economy 

improvement should include the 

benefits of increasing mechanical 

efficiency, using improved transmission 

lubricants, and other measures (specify). 

c. Overdrive transmissions. If not 

covered in ‘‘a’’ or ‘‘b’’ above, project the 

percentage of fuel economy 

improvement attributable to overdrive 

transmissions (integral or auxiliary gear 

boxes), two-speed axles, or other similar 

devices intended to increase the range 

of available gear ratios. Describe the 

devices to be used and the application 

by model, engine, axle ratio, etc. 

d. Use of engine crankcase lubricants 

of lower viscosity or with additives to 

improve friction characteristics or 

accelerate engine break-in, or otherwise 

improved lubricants to lower engine 

friction horsepower. When describing 

the 2007 baseline, specify the viscosity 

of and any fuel economy-improving 

additives used in the factory-fill 

lubricants. 

e. Reduction of engine parasitic losses 

through improvement of engine-driven 

accessories or accessory drives. Typical 

engine-driven accessories include water 

pump, cooling fan, alternator, power 

steering pump, air conditioning 

compressor, and vacuum pump. 

f. Reduction of tire rolling losses, 

through changes in inflation pressure, 

use of materials or constructions with 

less hysteresis, geometry changes (e.g., 

reduced aspect ratio), reduction in 

sidewall and tread deflection, and other 

methods. When describing the 2007 

baseline, include a description of the 

tire types used and the percent usage 

rate of each type. 

g. Reduction in other driveline losses, 

including losses in the non-powered 

wheels, the differential assembly, wheel 

bearings, universal joints, brake drag 

losses, use of improved lubricants in the 

differential and wheel bearing, and 

optimizing suspension geometry (e.g., to 

minimize tire scrubbing loss). 

h. Reduction of aerodynamic drag. 

i. Turbocharging or supercharging. 

j. Improvements in the efficiency of 4- 

cycle spark ignition engines including 

(1) increased compression ratio; (2) 

leaner air-to-fuel ratio; (3) revised 

combustion chamber configuration; (4) 

fuel injection; (5) electronic fuel 

metering; (6) interactive electronic 

control of engine operating parameters 

(spark advance, exhaust gas 

recirculation, air-to-fuel ratio); (8) 

variable valve timing or valve lift; (9) 

multiple valves per cylinder; (10) 

cylinder deactivation; (11) friction 

reduction by means such as low tension 

piston rings and roller cam followers; 

(12) higher temperature operation; and 

(13) other methods (specify). 

k. Direct injection gasoline engines. 

l. Naturally aspirated diesel engines, 

with direct or indirect fuel injection. 

m. Turbocharged or supercharged 

diesel engines with direct or indirect 

fuel injection. 

n. Stratified-charge reciprocating or 

rotary engines, with direct or indirect 

fuel injection. 

o. Two cycle spark ignition engines. 

p. Use of hybrid drivetrains. 

q. Use of fuel cells; provide a 

thorough description of the fuel cell 

technology employed, including fuel 

type and power output. 

r. Other technologies for improving 

fuel economy or efficiency. 

7. For each model of respondent’s 

light truck fleet projected to be 

manufactured in each of MYs 2010–

2017, describe the methods used to 

achieve reductions in average test 

weight. For each specified model year 

and model, describe the extent to which 

each of the following methods for 

reducing vehicle weight will be used. 

Separate listings are to be used for 4x2 

light trucks, 4x4 light trucks, and allwheel drive light trucks. 

a. Substitution of materials. 

b. ‘‘Downsizing’’ of existing vehicle 

design to reduce weight while 

maintaining interior roominess and 

comfort for passengers, and utility, i.e., 

the same or approximately the same, 

payload and cargo volume, using the 

same basic body configuration and 

driveline layout as current counterparts. 

c. Use of new vehicle body 

configuration concepts, which provides 

reduced weight for approximately the 

same payload and cargo volume. 

8. Indicate any MY 2010–2017 light 

truck model types that have higher 

average test weights than comparable 

MY 2007 model types. Describe the 

reasons for any weight increases (e.g., 

increased option content, less use of 

premium materials) and provide 

supporting justification. 

9. For each new or redesigned vehicle 

identified in response to Question 3 and 

each new engine or fuel economy 

improvement identified in your 

response to Questions 3, 4, 5, and 6, 

provide your best estimate of the 


sroberts on PROD1PC70 with PROPOSALS
8674 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 38 / Tuesday, February 27, 2007 / Proposed Rules 

following, in terms of constant 2007 

dollars: 

(a) Total capital costs required to 

implement the new/redesigned model 

or improvement according to the 

implementation schedules specified in 

your response. Subdivide the capital 

costs into tooling, facilities, launch, and 

engineering costs. 

(b) The maximum production 

capacity, expressed in units of capacity 

per year, associated with the capital 

expenditure in (a) above. Specify the 

number of production shifts on which 

your response is based and define 

‘‘maximum capacity’’ as used in your 

answer. 

(c) The actual capacity that is planned 

to be used each year for each new/ 

redesigned model or fuel economy 

improvement. 

(d) The increase in variable costs per 

affected unit, based on the production 

volume specified in (b) above. 

(e) The equivalent retail price increase 

per affected vehicle for each new/ 

redesigned model or improvement. 

Provide an example describing 

methodology used to determine the 

equivalent retail price increase. 

10. Please provide respondent’s actual 

and projected U.S. light truck sales, 4x2 

and 4x4, 0–8,500 lbs. GVWR, and 

8,501–10,000 lbs. GVWR for each model 

year from 2010 through 2017, inclusive. 

Please subdivide the data into the 

following vehicle categories: 

i. Compact Pickup (e.g., Ford Ranger, 

Chevrolet Colorado, Nissan Frontier) 

ii. Standard Pickup—Light (e.g., Ford 

F150, Chevrolet Silverado, Toyota 

Tundra) 

iii. Standard Pickup—Heavy (e.g., Ford 

F250/350, Dodge Ram 2500/3500) 

iv. Standard Cargo Van—Light (e.g., 

Chevrolet Savana, Ford E–150) 

v. Standard Cargo Van—Heavy (e.g., 

Chevrolet G2500, Ford E–250/350, 

Dodge Sprinter) 

vi. Compact Passenger Van/Minivan 

(e.g., Toyota Sienna, Dodge Caravan, 

Nissan Quest) 

vii. Standard Passenger Van—Light (e.g., 

GMC Express, Ford E–150) 

viii. Standard Passenger Van—Heavy 

(e.g., Ford E–250/350, Dodge Sprinter) 

ix. Compact Sport Utility (e.g., Jeep 

Wrangler, Toyota RAV4) 

x. Mid-size Sport Utility (e.g., Chevrolet 

Trailblazer, Ford Explorer, Toyota 

4Runner) 

xi. Full-size Sport Utility (e.g., Chevrolet 

Tahoe, Ford Expedition, Nissan Titan) 

xii. Crossover Vehicle (e.g., Toyota RX 

330, Nissan Murano, Acura MDX) 

xiii. Sport Utility Truck (e.g., Cadillac 

Escalade EXT, Honda Ridgeline) 

See Table III–B for a sample format. 

11. Please provide your estimates of 

projected total industry U.S. light truck 

sales for each model year from 2010 

through 2017, inclusive. Please 

subdivide the data into 4x2, 4x4, and 

all-wheel drive sales and into the 

vehicle categories listed in the sample 

format in Table III–C. 

12. Please provide your company’s 

assumptions for U.S. gasoline and diesel 

fuel prices during 2010 through 2017. 

13. Please provide projected 

production capacity available for the 

North American market (at standard 

production rates) for each of your 

company’s light truckline designations 

during MYs 2010–2017. 

14. Please provide your estimate of 

production lead-time for new models, 

your expected model life in years, and 

the number of years over which tooling 

costs are amortized. 

Note: The parenthetical numbers in Tables 

IV–A refer to the items in Section IV, 

Specifications. 

TABLE IV–A.—TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENTS

Technological improvement Baseline 

technology 

Percent fuel 

economy 

improvement, % 

Basis for 

improvement estimate 

Models on 

which technology is 

applied 

Production share of model with technological 

improvement 

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014+ 

(6a.) Improved Auto Trans.: 

A5 .............................................. .................... 4.0 .................... .................... 20 35 50 60 80 

A6 .............................................. .................... 4.5 .................... .................... 15 20 30 40 55 

A7 .............................................. .................... 5.0 .................... .................... 0 0 15 25 35 

(6b.) Improved Manual Trans.: 

M5 ............................................. .................... 1.0 .................... .................... 12 15 20 25 32 

M6 ............................................. .................... 0.7 .................... .................... 0 0 0 8 10 

TABLE IV–B.—ACTUAL AND PROJECTED U.S. LIGHT TRUCK SALES

Amalgamated Motors light truck sales projections 

Model line 

Model year 

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015+ 

Compact Pickup ............................................................... 43,500 .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Standard Pickup—Light ................................................... 209,340 .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Standard Pickup—Heavy ................................................. 120,000 .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Standard Cargo Van—Light ............................................. 20,000 .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Standard Cargo Van—Heavy .......................................... 29,310 .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Compact Passenger Van/Minivan ................................... 54,196 .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Standard Passenger Van—Light ..................................... 38,900 .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Standard Passenger Van—Heavy ................................... 24,000 .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Compact Sport Utility ....................................................... 125,000 .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Mid-size Sport Utility ........................................................ 221,000 .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Full-size Sport Utility ........................................................ 165,000 .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Crossover Vehicle ............................................................ 98,000 .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Sport Utility Truck ............................................................ 10,000 .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Total .......................................................................... TBD .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................


sroberts on PROD1PC70 with PROPOSALS
Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 38 / Tuesday, February 27, 2007 / Proposed Rules 8675 

TABLE IV–C.—TOTAL U.S. LIGHT TRUCK SALES

Model type 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016+ 

Compact Pickup ....................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Standard Pickup—Light ........................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Standard Pickup—Heavy ......................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Standard Cargo Van—Light ..................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Standard Cargo Van—Heavy .................. .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Compact Passenger Van/Minivan ........... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Standard Passenger Van—Light ............. .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Standard Passenger Van—Heavy ........... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Compact Sport Utility ............................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Mid-size Sport Utility ................................ .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Full-size Sport Utility ................................ .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Crossover Vehicle .................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Sport Utility Truck .................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

Total .................................................. .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................

V. Cost and Potential Fuel Economy 

Improvements of Technologies 

The agency requests that each 

manufacturer and other interested 

parties provide estimates of the range of 

costs and fuel economy improvements 

of available fuel economy technologies. 

These estimates should follow the 

format provided by Tables V–A through 

V–D. For comparison purposes the 

agency has listed the technologies 

included in the NAS report, together 

with the range (low and high) of fuel 

economy improvement and cost 

estimates for all of the technologies 

included in the report. 

The agency has also added some 

technologies to these tables as well as 

separate rows for the cost and fuel 

economy improvement estimates when 

technologies are applied to engines 

having a different number of cylinders 

or when they are applied to vehicles 

with different numbers of gears. Thus, 

for example, if a manufacturer or other 

interested party has different cost and 

fuel economy improvement estimates 

for the application of a technology to a 

4-cylinder and a 6-cylinder engine, 

these estimates should be represented as 

separate rows on its table. Likewise, for 

example, if a manufacturer or other 

interested party has different cost and 

fuel economy improvement estimates 

for using 6-speed automatic 

transmission versus a 4-speed and a 5- 

speed automatic transmission, these 

estimates should be represented as 

separate rows on its table. 

The agency is also interested in 

whether different cost and fuel economy 

improvement estimates apply to 

different vehicle classes. Thus, the 

agency is asking for any information 

regarding the effectiveness and cost of 

fuel economy technologies on a vehicle 

class basis. Passenger car vehicle classes 

are listed in Tables III–B and III–C. 

If respondents have information that 

breaks out the cost and fuel economy 

improvement estimates by vehicle 

classes, the agency asks that in addition 

to providing charts which provide a 

respondent’s complete range of 

estimates, that respondents provide 

separate charts for each vehicle class 

following the example of Tables V–B 

and V–D. Spreadsheet templates for 

these tables can be found at ftp:// 

ftpserver.volpe.dot.gov/pub/cafe/ 

templates/. (If there are difficulties in 

downloading these templates, contact 

Ken Katz at (202) 366–0846.) If a 

manufacturer or other interested party 

has fuel economy improvement and cost 

estimates for technologies not included 

on these tables, the agency asks the 

manufacturer or other interested party 

to provide that information to the 

agency. 

TABLE V–A.—ESTIMATES OF FUEL ECONOMY IMPROVEMENT OF FUEL ECONOMY TECHNOLOGIES FOR ALL VEHICLE

CLASSES

NAS Amalgamated 

Low High Low High 

Production-Intent Engine Technology 

Engine Friction Reduction ............................................................................... 1.0% 5.0% [1.0%]c [6.0%]c 

Low Friction Lubricants .................................................................................... 1.0% 1.0% [0.5%]c [1.0%]c 

Multi-Valve, Overhead Camshaft ..................................................................... 2.0% 5.0% [2.5%]c [3.6%]c 

Variable Valve Timing ...................................................................................... 2.0% 3.0% [2.0%]c [3.2%]c 

—4 cylinder engine ................................................................................... 2.0% 3.0% [2.5%]c [3.2%]c 

—6 cylinder engine ................................................................................... 2.0% 3.0% [2.0%]c [3.0%]c 

—8 cylinder engine ................................................................................... 2.0% 3.0% [2.0%]c [2.5%]c 

Variable Valve Lift & Timing ............................................................................ 1.0% 2.0% [1.0%]c [1.5%]c 

Cylinder Deactivation ....................................................................................... 3.0% 6.0% [4.0%]c [6.5%]c 

—6 cylinder engine ................................................................................... 3.0% 6.0% [4.0%]c [4.5%]c 

—8 cylinder engine ................................................................................... 3.0% 6.0% [5.5%]c [6.5%]c 

Engine Accessory Improvement ...................................................................... 1.0% 2.0% [0.5%]c [2.5%]c 

Engine Supercharging & Downsizing .............................................................. 5.0% 7.0% ........................ ........................

Production-Intent Transmission Technology 

5–Speed Automatic Transmission ................................................................... 2.0% 3.0% [2.0%]c [2.8%]c 

Continuously Variable Transmission ............................................................... 4.0% 8.0% [5.0%]c [6.5%]c 

Automatic Transmission w/Aggressive Shift Logic .......................................... 1.0% 3.0% ........................ ........................


sroberts on PROD1PC70 with PROPOSALS
8676 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 38 / Tuesday, February 27, 2007 / Proposed Rules 

TABLE V–A.—ESTIMATES OF FUEL ECONOMY IMPROVEMENT OF FUEL ECONOMY TECHNOLOGIES FOR ALL VEHICLE

CLASSES—Continued 

NAS Amalgamated 

Low High Low High 

6–Speed Automatic Transmission (vs. 5-speed automatic) ............................ 1.0% 2.0% [1.0%]c [2.7%]c 

6–Speed Automatic Transmission (vs. 4-speed automatic) ............................ 3.0% 5.0% [3.5%]c [4.0%]c 

Production-Intent Vehicle Technology 

Aero Drag Reduction ....................................................................................... 1.0% 2.0% [0.9%]c [2.0%]c 

Improve Rolling Resistance ............................................................................. 1.0% 1.5% [0.8%]c [1.5%]c 

Emerging Engine Technology 

Intake Valve Throttling ..................................................................................... 3.0% 6.0% [4.0%]c [7.0%]c 

Camless Valve Actuation ................................................................................. 5.0% 10.0% [6.0%]c [9.0%]c 

Variable Compression Ratio ............................................................................ 2.0% 6.0% [2.5%]c [5.5%]c

Direct Injection ................................................................................................. N/A N/A [2.0%]c [2.5%]c 

Diesel Engine ................................................................................................... N/A N/A [15%]c [40%]c 

Emerging Transmission Technology 

Automatic Shift Manual Transmission (AST/AMT) .......................................... 3.0% 5.0% [4.0%]c [5.0%]c 

Advanced CVTs ............................................................................................... 0.0% 2.0% [1.0%]c [1.0%]c 

Emerging Vehicle Technology 

42 Volt Electrical Systems ............................................................................... 1.0% 2.0% [1.0%]c [3.0%]c 

Integrated Starter/Generator ............................................................................ 4.0% 7.0% [5.0%]c [8.5%]c 

Electric Power Steering ................................................................................... 1.5% 2.5% [1.0%]c [2.0%]c 

Vehicle Weight Reduction ............................................................................... 3.0% 4.0% [2.0%]c [6.0%]c 

Integrated Motor Assist .................................................................................... N/A N/A [15%]c [20%]c 

Dual-Mode Hybrid ............................................................................................ N/A N/A [20%]c [30%]c 

Full Hybrid ........................................................................................................ N/A N/A [35%]c [55%]c 

TABLE V–B.—COST ESTIMATES FOR FUEL ECONOMY TECHNOLOGIES FOR ALL VEHICLE CLASSES

Technology 

NAS Amalgamated 

Low High Low High 

Production-Intent Engine Technology 

Engine Friction Reduction ............................................................................... $35 $140 [$30]c [$90]c 

Low Friction Lubricants .................................................................................... $8 $11 [$1]c [$5]c 

Multi-Valve, Overhead Camshaft ..................................................................... $105 $140 [$110]c [$180]c 

Variable Valve Timing ...................................................................................... $35 $140 [$30]c [$130]c 

—4 cylinder engine ................................................................................... $35 $140 [$40]c [$110]c 

—6 cylinder engine ................................................................................... $35 $140 [$30]c [$100]c 

—8 cylinder engine ................................................................................... $35 $140 [$60]c [$130]c 

Variable Valve Lift & Timing ............................................................................ $70 $210 [$50]c [$190]c

Cylinder Deactivation ....................................................................................... $112 $252 [$80]c [$280]c 

—6 cylinder engine ................................................................................... $112 $252 [$200]c [$280]c 

—8 cylinder engine ................................................................................... $112 $252 [$80]c [$150]c 

Engine Accessory Improvement ...................................................................... $84 $112 [$5]c [$5]c 

Engine Supercharging & Downsizing .............................................................. $350 $560 [$500]c [$750]c 

Production-Intent Transmission Technology 

5-Speed Automatic Transmission .................................................................... $70 $154 [$90]c [$140]c 

Continuously Variable Transmission ............................................................... $140 $350 [$500]c [$500]c 

Automatic Transmission w/Aggressive Shift Logic .......................................... $— $70 ........................ ........................

6-Speed Automatic Transmission (vs. 5-speed automatic) ............................. $140 $280 [$110]c [$225]c 

6-Speed Automatic Transmission (vs. 4-speed automatic) ............................. N/A N/A [$200]c [$350]c 

Production-Intent Vehicle Technology 

Aero Drag Reduction ....................................................................................... $— $140 [$100]c [$100]c 

Improve Rolling Resistance ............................................................................. $14 $56 [$6]c [$6]c 

Emerging Engine Technology 

Intake Valve Throttling ..................................................................................... $210 $420 [$220]c [$380]c 

Camless Valve Actuation ................................................................................. $280 $560 ........................ ........................

Variable Compression Ratio ............................................................................ $210 $490 ........................ ........................

Direct Injection ................................................................................................. N/A N/A [$210]c [$315]c 

Diesel Engine ................................................................................................... N/A N/A [$1,500]c [$5,000]c 

Emerging Transmission Technology 

Automatic Shift Manual Transmission (AST/AMT) .......................................... $70 $280 [$90]c [$240]c 

Advanced CVTs ............................................................................................... $350 $840 [$390]c [$640]c 


sroberts on PROD1PC70 with PROPOSALS
Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 38 / Tuesday, February 27, 2007 / Proposed Rules 8677 

TABLE V–B.—COST ESTIMATES FOR FUEL ECONOMY TECHNOLOGIES FOR ALL VEHICLE CLASSES—Continued 

Technology 

NAS Amalgamated 

Low High Low High 

Emerging Vehicle Technology 

42 Volt Electrical Systems ............................................................................... $70 $280 [$80]c [$190]c 

Integrated Starter/Generator ............................................................................ $210 $350 [$190]c [$340]c 

Electric Power Steering ................................................................................... $105 $150 [$100]c [$140]c 

Vehicle Weight Reduction ............................................................................... $210 $350 [$150]c [$250]c 

Integrated Motor Assist .................................................................................... N/A N/A [$1500]c [$2000]c 

Dual-Mode Hybrid ............................................................................................ N/A N/A [$4200]c [$10000]c 

Full Hybrid ........................................................................................................ N/A N/A [$3000]c [$8000]c 

[ ]c = Confidential. 

[FR Doc. 07–878 Filed 2–22–07; 12:19 pm] 

BILLING CODE 4910–59–P 


sroberts on PROD1PC70 with PROPOSALS