|   | Exhibit      31.1 |
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|   | 1. | I      have reviewed the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter      ended June 30, 2008; |
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|   | 2. | Based      on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a      material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the      statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements      were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this      quarterly report; |
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|   | 3. | Based      on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information      included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the      financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the      registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this      report; |
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|   | 4. | I      am responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and      procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for      the registrant and have: |
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|   | a. | Designed      such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure      controls and procedures to be designed under my supervision, to ensure      that material information relating to the registrant, including any      consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to me by others within those      entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being      prepared; |
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|   | b. | Evaluated      the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures      and presented in this report my conclusions about the effectiveness of the      disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by      this report based on such evaluation;and |
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|   | c. | Disclosed      in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over      financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent      fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to      affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting;      and |
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|   | 5. | I      have disclosed, based on my most recent evaluation of internal control      over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit      committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the      equivalent functions): |
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|   | a. | All      significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal control      over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect      the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report      financial information; and |
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|   | b. | Any      fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other      employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control      over financial reporting. |
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