NOT FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

MARGARITA LOPEZ, Individually and as heir and Successor in interest to Bernabe Lopez, deceased,

Plaintiff

- Appellee,

v.

GREENFIELD CARE CENTER OF SOUTH GATE, LLC, DBA Greenfield Care Center of South Gate,

Defendant

- Appellant,

and
DOES, 1 to 50,

Defendant. No. 21

- 55644

D.C. No. 2:21

- cv
- 02806

- RGK

- PVC

MEMORANDUM *

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California R. Gary Klausner, District Judge, Presiding

Submitted June 20, 2023 * *

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36

- 3.

** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). 

# FILED

JUN 21 2023

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS2

Before : WALLACE, O’SCANNLAIN, SILVERMAN, Circuit Judges.
Greenfield Care Center of South Gate, LLC (“Greenfield”) appeal s from the
district court’s order remanding this case to state court for lack of federal subject
matter ju risdiction. Greenfield argues that the district court had three independent
grounds for such jurisdiction: federal officer removal, complete preemption, and the
presence of an embedded federal question.

I
The district court did not have federal subject matter jurisdiction under the
federal officer removal statute, 28 U.S.C. § 1442(a)(1), because Greenfield’s actions
were not “taken pursuant to a federal officer’s directions.” Saldana v. Glenhaven

Healthcare LLC , 27 F.4th 679, 684 (9th Cir. 2022) (cleaned up). While Greenfield
has demonstrated that, like the defendants in Saldana , it was subject to federal laws
and regulations throughout the COVID

- 19 pandemic, “simply complying with a law
or regulation is not enough to bring a private person within the scope of the [federal
officer removal] statute.” Id. (cleaned up). Similarly, recommendations, advice, and
encouragement from federal entities do not amount to the type of control required

for removal under the statute. See id. at 685.

II
The district court did not have federal subject matter jurisdiction under the
doctrine of complete preemption because the Public Readiness and Emergency3

Preparedness (PREP) Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 247d

- 6d, 247d

- 6e, is not a complete

p reemption statute

—

that is, it is not one of those “rare” statutes “where a federal
statutory scheme is so comprehensive that it entirely supplants state law causes of

action.” Saldana , 27 F.4th at 686 (cleaned up). While the PREP Act may preempt

some state

- law claims, any such conflict preemption would be an affirmative
defense, and would not create federal subject matter jurisdiction. See id. at 688.

III
The district court did not have embedded federal question jurisdiction because

the state

- law causes of action in the complaint do not “necessarily” raise
“substantial” federal issues that are “actually disputed” and “capable of resolution in
federal court without disrupting the federal

- state balance approved by Congress.” Id.
at 688 (cleaned up). Although a federal defense may be available under the PREP
Act, “a federal defense is not a sufficient basis to find embedded federal question
jurisdiction.” Id

.
IV
In short, all of Greenfield’s challenges are controlled by Saldana

. Greenfield
argues that Saldana wa s wrongly decided, but cites no “clearly irreconcilable”
intervening authority permitting us to overrule it. Miller v. Gammie , 335 F.3d 889,4

900 (9th Cir. 2003) (en banc). Accordingly, we apply Saldana

. 1

AFFIRMED.

1 Greenfield’s motion for judicial notice, Dkt. 13 , is GRANTED.