IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 14-0249

Filed October 15, 2014

STATE OF IOWA,

Plaintiff-Appellee,

vs.

DANNY DEAN DOTY,

Defendant-Appellant.

________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Marshall County, Kim M. Riley, 

District Associate Judge.

Danny Doty appeals following his plea of guilty to domestic abuse assault, 

second offense. AFFIRMED.

Mark C. Smith, State Appellate Defender, and Stephan J. Japuntich, 

Assistant Appellate Defender, for appellant.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, Heather R. Quick, Assistant Attorney 

General, Jennifer Miller, County Attorney, and Sarah Tupper, Assistant County 

Attorney, for appellee.

Considered by Potterfield, P.J., and Tabor and Mullins, JJ.
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POTTERFIELD, P.J.

Danny Doty appeals following his written plea of guilty to domestic abuse 

assault, second offense, contending plea counsel was ineffective in failing to 

ensure the district court conducted a colloquy regarding his prior conviction for 

domestic abuse assault as described in State v. Kukowski, 704 N.W.2d 687, 

691–92 (Iowa 2005). Doty cannot show he was prejudiced by the failure of plea 

counsel to insist upon an in-court colloquy regarding his prior conviction. 

Accordingly, Doty’s ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim fails. 

I. Background Facts.

On January 15, 2014, Doty entered a written guilty plea to aggravated 

misdemeanor domestic abuse assault, in violation of Iowa Code sections 708.1, 

.2A(1), and .2A(3)(b) (2013). In his written plea, Doty stated he had “a prior 

conviction for domestic abuse assault within the last 12 years.” The minutes of 

testimony include the following: 

The Defendant was convicted of three prior offenses of 

Domestic Abuse Assault in the Marshall County District Court within 

the last twelve years. The Defendant was convicted of Domestic 

Abuse Assault on February 1, 2011. The Defendant was convicted 

of Domestic Abuse Assault on March 23, 2012. The Defendant 

was convicted of Domestic Abuse Assault, Second Offense, on 

October 29, 2012. The witness will lay the foundation for certified 

copies of the judgment entries to be entered into evidence at trial 

herein.

Pursuant to the plea agreement, the State dismissed a first-degree harassment 

charge. The district court subsequently sentenced Doty to two years 

imprisonment.

On appeal, Doty contends plea counsel was ineffective for failing to 

challenge his admission to a prior domestic-abuse-assault conviction. He argues 
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the district court is required to identify the prior conviction to which a defendant is 

stipulating for purposes of sentence enhancement. 

II. Standard of Review.

While a defendant’s challenge to a guilty plea is generally reviewed for 

corrections of errors at law, we review infective-assistance-of-counsel claims de 

novo. State v. Utter, 803 N.W.2d 647, 651 (Iowa 2011). We normally preserve 

such claims for postconviction relief proceedings, but will consider the merits on 

direct appeal where the record is adequate. Id.

III. Merits.

In order to prove a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant 

must prove counsel failed to perform an essential duty and prejudice resulted. 

State v. Schminkey, 597 N.W.2d 785, 788 (Iowa 1999). Failure to prove either 

prong is fatal to the claim. State v. Shanahan, 712 N.W.2d 121, 142 (Iowa 

2006).

Doty contends his counsel was ineffective in failing to challenge the 

enhanced sentence on the domestic-abuse-assault charge. He alleges he did 

not properly admit a prior domestic-abuse-assault conviction and therefore did 

not voluntarily or intelligently enter into the guilty plea. He argues the district 

court was required to follow the procedure explained in Kukowski and his plea 

counsel was ineffective in failing to object to the procedure used here. 

Iowa Rule of Criminal Procedure 2.19(9) provides, in part, 

After conviction of the primary or current offense, but prior to 

pronouncement of sentence, if the indictment or information alleges 

one or more prior convictions which by the Code subjects the 

offender to an increased sentence, the offender shall have the

opportunity in open court to affirm or deny that the offender is the 
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person previously convicted, or that the offender was not 

represented by counsel and did not waive counsel.

In Kukowski the court explained, 

The rule [2.19(9)] gives the defendant an opportunity to affirm or 

deny the allegations the State is obligated to prove at the second 

trial. The inquiry providing this opportunity must be conducted in 

open court. If the defendant denies “being the person previously 

convicted,” or asserts that the prior convictions were obtained 

without counsel and counsel was not waived, then the case 

proceeds to the second trial. On the other hand, if the defendant 

affirms the validity of the prior convictions, then the case proceeds 

to sentencing. An affirmative response by the defendant under the 

rule, however, does not necessarily serve as an admission to 

support the imposition of an enhanced penalty as a multiple 

offender. The court has a duty to conduct a further inquiry, similar 

to the colloquy required under rule 2.8(2), prior to sentencing to 

ensure that the affirmation is voluntary and intelligent. 

704 N.W.2d at 692.

In State v. Johnson, 770 N.W.2d 814, 825-26 (Iowa 2009), our supreme 

court further addressed the procedure described in rule 2.19(9) and Kukowski. 

After the guilt phase of the bench trial, the district court had concluded rule 

2.19(9) applied only to a jury trial, not a bench trial. Johnson, 770 N.W.2d at 824. 

Our supreme court, however, concluded the court erred in failing to hold a 

separate trial on the defendant’s habitual offender status. Id. at 826. But we 

note the supreme court stated, “in the absence of an agreement of the parties to 

proceed otherwise, the bifurcation procedures explained in Iowa Rule of Criminal 

Procedure 2.19(9) and in Kukowski apply in bench trials and jury trials.” Id. at 

825. (emphasis added).

We are faced with neither a bench trial nor a jury trial. Rather, this appeal 

involves “an agreement of the parties to proceed otherwise.” Id. Doty entered a 

written plea of guilty and admitted a prior domestic abuse conviction. See State 
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v. McBride, 625 N.W.2d 372, 374 (Iowa Ct. App. 2001) (“When McBride 

stipulated to those [prior] convictions, he was not pleading guilty to a criminal 

offense. A rule [2.8(2)(b)] colloquy was not required for McBride to stipulate to 

the fact of his prior convictions.” (citing State v. Brady, 442 N.W.2d 57, 58 (Iowa 

1989) (“An admission by a defendant of prior convictions cannot be said to be a 

plea of guilty to an habitual offender ‘charge,’ moreover, habitual offender 

statutes do not charge a separate offense.”))); cf. Johnson, 770 N.W.2d at 826 

n.14 (“Johnson asserts the State is essentially seeking a new trial on the habitual 

offender status determination in violation of the constitutional prohibition on 

double jeopardy. However, a consideration of habitual offender status is merely 

a determination of whether a sentencing enhancement applies.”).

Doty’s written guilty plea states he understands the nature of the charge 

and the mandatory minimum punishment and maximum punishment for the 

offense. This discharges the court’s duty to ensure Doty’s stipulation was 

voluntary and intelligent. See State v. Oetken, 613 N.W.2d 679, 688 (Iowa 2000)

(holding that where “[t]here is nothing in the record to indicate [the defendant] 

failed to understand the nature of an [enhanced sentence], or the significance of 

his admission,” the court discharged its duty to inform the defendant as to the 

ramifications). An examination of the minutes of testimony establishes the 

domestic abuse assault committed by Doty in 2013 was a second offense that 

occurred within twelve years of his first conviction—Doty had two domestic abuse 

assault convictions in 2011 and another domestic abuse assault conviction in 

2012. 

Doty does not assert he was misinformed of the consequences of 
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affirming his prior conviction. Nor does he deny the validity of the prior 

conviction(s) as set forth in the minutes of testimony. Doty cannot show he was 

prejudiced by a failure of plea counsel to insist upon a Kukowski procedure. 

Accordingly, Doty’s ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim fails. See McBride,

625 N.W.2d at 375 (finding any breach of counsel’s duty was without 

consequence where even a full rule 2.8(2)(b) colloquy would not have prevented 

the defendant from receiving an enhanced sentence). We therefore affirm his 

conviction. 

AFFIRMED.