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Sand & Gravel Operator Mining Facts - 2008 (HTML)
Keywords: Fatality rates Injury rates Non-fatal days lost rates
This page is archived for historical purposes and is no longer being maintained or updated.
On This Page
Mining Operations
Employees
Fatalities
Nonfatal Lost-time Injuries
Mining operations, 2008
Contracting companies, 2008
Employment characteristics, 2008
Mining Occupational Fatalities (per 100,000 FTE employees), 2008
Nonfatal Lost-time Injuries (per 100 FTE employees), 2008
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2011–167

Mining Operations
In 2008, a total of 7,132 sand and gravel mining operations reported employment to the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA). [1]
Sand and gravel mines were the largest mining commodity, comprising 47.8% of all mining operations.
Sand and gravel mines were found throughout all 50 states and Puerto Rico.
Minnesota had the largest number of sand and gravel mines (n=488; 6.8%).
Employees
A total of 42,307 employees, [2] corresponding to 33,343 full-time equivalent (FTE) [3] employees, were reported by sand and gravel mine operators.
Within the mining sectors, [4] sand and gravel mine operator employees accounted for 9.8% of all employee hours reported to MSHA.
All sand and gravel operator hours reported were for surface work locations.
Click on the image to enlarge.
Data for the previous chart showing the number of employee hours (in millions) by commodity and year
Commodity and Type
of Employer
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008Coal Operator
170.3
157.3
168.4
163.8
157.1
166.5
181.3
189.0
186.5
200.4Metal Operator
83.4
77.4
68.8
58.5
55.5
59.5
63.4
67.9
75.5
81.4Nonmetal Operator
54.7
53.1
50.6
47.5
46.9
46.9
46.2
46.4
46.5
46.5Stone Operator
167.8
168.5
166.1
161.7
160.0
163.5
168.6
170.8
166.5
153.5Sand and Gravel Operator
78.9
78.1
77.0
75.3
74.8
76.6
78.4
79.6
76.7
66.7Coal Contractor
35.4
36.2
40.3
36.5
35.0
38.5
43.0
46.2
45.5
52.6Noncoal Contractor
47.8
54.2
49.8
39.2
39.9
46.8
54.1
62.6
76.3
80.2

Fatalities
Three occupational fatalities occurred among sand and gravel operator employees in 2008. This compared to five fatalities in 2007.

Click on the image to enlarge.
Data for the previous chart showing the number of fatalities for sand and gravel work locations by year
Fatalities
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008Fatalities
12
11
8
10
10
8
9
6
5
3

Nonfatal Lost-time Injuries
There were 550 nonfatal lost-time injuries among sand and gravel operator employees occurring at an overall rate of 1.9 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.7; 2.1] injuries per 100 FTE employees.  A total of 25,912 days lost from work [5] resulted from these injuries.
The most frequent classifications of nonfatal lost-time injuries for sand and gravel operator employees involved handling materials (n=196; 35.6%) and slip or fall of person (n=136; 24.7%).
Sprains and strains were the most frequently reported nature of injury (n=213; 38.7%).
The back was the most frequently reported body part injured (n=105; 19.1%) followed by fingers (n=88; 16.0%). Back injuries represented 3,697 days lost from work; finger injuries represented 2,623 days lost.
Click on the image to enlarge.
Data for the previous chart showing the distribution of nonfatal lost-time injuries by accident class among sand and gravel operator employees in 2008
Accident Class
PercentHandling materials
35.6Slip or fall of person
24.7Hand Tools
11.1Machinery
9.6Powered Haulage
9.1All other
9.8

Mining operations, 2008
Commodity and Type of Employer
Underground Mining Operations [1]
Surface Mining Operations [1]
Total Mining Operations [1]Coal
665
1,464
2,129Metal
105
188
293Nonmetal
44
676
720Stone
111
4,522
4,633Sand & Gravel
Not applicable
7,132
7,132Total
925
13,982
14,907



Contracting companies, 2008
Commodity and Type of Employer
Number of CompaniesCoal
3,467Noncoal
6,128Total
9,595



Employment characteristics, 2008
Commodity and Type of Employer
Underground Employees [2]
Surface Employees [2]
Total Employees [2]
Underground FTE Employees [3]
Surface FTE Employees [3]
Total FTE Employees [3]Coal Operator
40,370
49,685
90,055
45,866
54,312
100,178Metal Operator
5,844
33,282
39,126
5,842
34,840
40,682Nonmetal Operator
2,579
20,454
23,033
2,725
20,534
23,260Stone Operator
1,875
77,100
78,975
2,029
74,720
76,749Sand & Gravel Operator
Not applicable
42,307
42,307
Not applicable
33,343
33,343Operator Total
50,668
222,828
273,496
56,462
217,750
274,212Coal Contractor
6,22
37,510
43,772
4,105
22,216
26,321Noncoal Contractor
2,992
72,459
75,451
1,998
38,088
40,086Contractor Total
9,254
109,969
119,223
6,103
60,304
66,407Total
59,922
332,797
392,719
62,565
278,054
340,620



Mining Occupational Fatalities (per 100,000 FTE employees), 2008
Commodity and Type of Employer
Underground Fatalities
Underground Fatality Rate
Surface Fatalities
Surface Fatality Rate
Fatalities
Fatality RateCoal Operator
12
26.2
6
11.9
18
18.7Metal Operator
3
Not Calculated
2
Not Calculated
5
13.8Nonmetal Operator
1
Not Calculated
1
Not Calculated
2
Not CalculatedStone Operator
1
Not Calculated
6
9.4
7
10.6Sand & Gravel Operator
Not applicable
Not applicable
3
Not Calculated
3
Not CalculatedOperator Total
17
30.1
18
9.4
35
14.2Coal Contractor
3
Not Calculated
9
43.4
12
48.3Noncoal Contractor
0
Not Calculated
5
13.9
5
13.2Contractor Total
3
Not Calculated
14
24.7
17
27.1Total
20
32.0
32
12.9
52
16.8



Nonfatal Lost-time Injuries (per 100 FTE employees), 2008
Commodity and Type of Employer
Underground Injuries
Underground Injury Rate
Surface Injuries
Surface Injury Rate
Injuries
Injury RateCoal Operator
2,103
4.6
768
1.5
2,871
3.0Metal Operator
163
2.8
649
2.1
812
2.2Nonmetal Operator
95
3.5
412
2.4
507
2.5Stone Operator
33
1.6
1,593
2.5
1,626
2.5Sand & Gravel Operator
Not applicable
Not applicable
550
1.9
550
1.9Operator Total
2,394
4.2
3,972
2.1
6,366
2.6Coal Contractor
168
4.1
313
1.5
481
1.9Noncoal Contractor
38
1.9
463
1.3
501
1.3Contractor Total
206
3.4
776
1.4
982
1.6Total
2,600
4.2
4,748
1.9
7,348
2.4Not calculated when N is less than 5.    95% CI for rates reported above.    Totals may not sum due to independent rounding.
Data source: publicly released employment and accident/injury/illness data collected by MSHA under 30 CFR 50.
Notes: All analyses of accident data exclude office employees. Occupational fatalities exclude all cases under 17 years of age. Further statistical methodology is available on the NIOSH Internet. Caution should be used when interpreting rates based on a small number of events.
Mines at which only independent contractors were working did not show any employment and were not counted.
Average number of employees working at individual mines during calendar quarters of active operations (includes office workers).
Full-time equivalent employees computed using reported employee hours (2,000 hours = 1 FTE).
Mining sectors include coal operators, metal operators, nonmetal operators, stone operators, sand and gravel operators, coal contractors, and noncoal contractors.
Includes actual days away from work and/or days of restricted work activity. For permanently disabling injuries only, statutory days charged by MSHA were used if they exceeded the total lost workdays.
To receive NIOSH documents or more information about occupational safety and health topics, contact NIOSH at **1-800-CDC-INFO** (1-800-232-4636), TTY: 1-888-232-6348, or visit NIOSH's Ask an Occupational Safety and Health Question page.
See Also
Coal and metal/nonmetal mining facts - 2008
Coal and Metal/Nonmetal Mining Facts - 2008 (HTML)
Coal Contractor Mining Facts - 2001
Coal Contractor Mining Facts - 2002
Coal Contractor Mining Facts - 2003
Coal Contractor Mining Facts - 2004
Coal Contractor Mining Facts - 2005
Coal Contractor Mining Facts - 2006
Mining Fact Sheets
Rib Falls: A Major Ground Control Issue
Page last reviewed: April 6, 2022
Page last updated: April 6, 2022
Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Mining Program
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