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Overall Mining Facts 2008 (HTML)
Keywords: Fatalities Fatality rates Injuries Injury rates Mining workforce 
 Non-fatal days lost rates
This page is archived for historical purposes and is no longer being maintained or updated.
On This Page
Mining Operations
Employees
Fatalities
Nonfatal Lost-time Injuries
Mining operations, 2008
Contracting companies, 2008
Employment characteristics, 2008
Mining Occupational Fatalities (per 100,000 FTE employees), 2008
Nonfatal Lost-time Injuries (per 100 FTE employees), 2008
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2011–161

Mining Operations
In 2008, a total of 14,907 mining operations reported employment data to the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA). [1]  Almost half (47.8%) were sand and gravel mines, followed by stone mines (31.1%), coal mines (14.3%), nonmetal mines (4.8%), and metal mines (2.0%).

Employees
There were 273,496 mine operator employees, [2] or 274,212 full-time equivalent (FTE) [3] workers.  For mine operators, 20.6% of the employee hours were for underground work locations, while 79.4% of the employee hours were for surface work locations. [4]
Of the 199,223 independent contractor employees (or 66,407 FTE workers), 36.7% were coal contractor employees and 63.6% were noncoal contractor employees.

Click on the image to enlarge.
Data for the previous chart showing the number of employee hours (in millions) by commodity and year
Commodity and Type
of Employer
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008Coal Operator
170.3
157.3
168.4
163.8
157.1
166.5
181.3
189.0
186.5
200.4Metal Operator
83.4
77.4
68.8
58.5
55.5
59.5
63.4
67.9
75.5
81.4Nonmetal Operator
54.7
53.1
50.6
47.5
46.9
46.9
46.2
46.4
46.5
46.5Stone Operator
167.8
168.5
166.1
161.7
160.0
163.5
168.6
170.8
166.5
153.5Sand & Gravel Operator
78.9
78.1
77.0
75.3
74.8
76.6
78.4
79.6
76.7
66.7Coal Contractor
35.4
36.2
40.3
36.5
35.0
38.5
43.0
46.2
45.5
52.6Noncoal Contractor
47.8
54.2
49.8
39.2
39.9
46.8
54.1
62.6
76.3
80.2

Fatalities
In 2008, there were 52 occupational mining fatalities with a rate of 16.8 [95% confidence interval (CI): 12.5, 22.0] per 100,000 FTE workers.
The fatality rate for mine operator employees was 14.2 [CI: 9.9, 19.7] (n=35; 67.3%), while the rate for contractor employees was 27.1 [CI: 15.8, 43.4] (n=17; 32.7%.)
Coal contractors had the highest fatality rate 48.3 [CI: 25.0, 84.4] (n=12; 23.1%), followed by coal operators 18.7 [CI: 11.1%, 29.5] (n=18; 34.6%), metal operators 13.8 [CI: 4.5, 32.2] (n=5; 9.6%), and noncoal contractors 13.2 [CI: 4.5, 32.5] (n=5; 9.6%).
The fatality rate at underground work locations was 32.0 [CI: 19.5, 49.4] per 100,000 FTE workers (n=20; 38.5%) compared to 12.9 [CI: 8.8, 18.3] (n=32; 61.5%) at surface work locations.
Click on the image to enlarge.
Data for the previous chart showing the number of fatalities and their rates for underground and surface work locations by year
Fatalities
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008Underground number
30
26
40
18
16
16
20
37
27
20Surface number
60
59
32
48
40
39
37
36
40
32Underground rate
58.6
54.7
79.8
39.1
35.7
33.2
37.7
66.0
47.2
32.0Surface rate
25.3
25.2
13.9
22.1
18.9
17.5
15.7
14.6
16.1
12.9

Nonfatal Lost-time Injuries
There were 7,348 nonfatal lost-time injuries in 2008 (2,600 at underground and 4,748 at surface work locations).  These injuries occurred at an overall rate of 2.4 [CI: 2.3, 2.4] per 100 FTE workers and resulted in a total of 382,210 days lost from work. [5]
The underground nonfatal lost-time injury rate was greater than the surface injury rate (4.2 [CI: 4.0, 4.3] vs. 1.9 [CI: 1.9, 2.0] per 100 FTE workers).
The back was the most frequently reported body part injured, accounting for 1,240 nonfatal lost-time injuries, 58,561 days lost from work, and 15.3% of all days lost.
Sprains and strains were the most frequently reported nature of injury (n=3,167; 43.1%).
Click on the image to enlarge.
Distribution of nonfatal lost-time injuries by accident class for 2008
Accident Class
PercentHandling materials
31.3Slip or fall of person
24.9Machinery
11.1Powered haulage
10.3Hand tools
8.4Fall of ground
5.6All other
8.4

Mining operations, 2008
Commodity and Type of Employer
Underground Mining Operations [1]
Surface Mining Operations [1]
Total Mining Operations [1]Coal
665
1,464
2,129Metal
105
188
293Nonmetal
44
676
720Stone
111
4,522
4,633Sand & Gravel
Not applicable
7,132
7,132Total
925
13,982
14,907

Contracting companies, 2008
Commodity
Number of CompaniesCoal
3,467Noncoal
6,128Total
9,595


Employment characteristics, 2008
Commodity and Type of Employer
Underground Employees [2]
Surface Employees [2]
Total Employees [2]
Underground FTE Employees [3]
Surface FTE Employees [3]
Total FTE Employees [3]Coal Operator
40,370
49,685
90,055
45,866
54,312
100,178Metal Operator
5,844
33,282
39,126
5,842
34,840
40,682Nonmetal Operator
2,579
20,454
23,033
2,725
20,534
23,260Stone Operator
1,875
77,100
78,975
2,029
74,720
76,749Sand & Gravel Operator
Not applicable
42,307
42,307
Not applicable
33,343
33,343Operator Total
50,668
222,828
273,496
56,462
217,750
274,212Coal Contractor
6,262
37,510
43,772
4,105
22,216
26,321Noncoal Contractor
2,992
72,459
75,451
1,998
38,088
40,086Contractor Total
9,254
109,969
119,223
6,103
60,304
66,407Total
59,922
332,797
392,719
62,565
278,054
340,620

Mining Occupational Fatalities (per 100,000 FTE employees), 2008
Commodity and Type of Employer
Underground Fatalities
Underground Fatality Rate
Surface Fatalities
Surface Fatality Rate
Fatalities
Fatality RateCoal Operator
12
26.2
6
11.9
18
18.7Metal Operator
3
Not calculated
2
Not calculated
5
13.8Nonmetal Operator
1
Not calculated
1
Not calculated
2
Not calculatedStone Operator
1
Not calculated
6
9.4
7
10.6Sand & Gravel Operator
Not applicable
Not applicable
3
Not calculated
3
Not calculatedOperator Total
17
30.1
18
9.4
35
14.2Coal Contractor
3
Not calculated
9
43.4
12
48.3Noncoal Contractor
0
Not calculated
5
13.9
5
13.2Contractor Total
3
Not calculated
14
24.7
17
27.1Total
20
32.0
32
12.9
52
16.8

Nonfatal Lost-time Injuries (per 100 FTE employees), 2008
Commodity and Type of Employer
Underground Injuries
Underground Injury Rate
Surface Injuries
Surface Injury Rate
Injuries
Injury RateCoal Operator
2,103
4.6
768
1.5
2,871
3.0Metal Operator
163
2.8
649
2.1
812
2.2Nonmetal Operator
95
3.5
412
2.4
507
2.5Stone Operator
33
1.6
1,593
2.5
1,626
2.5Sand & Gravel Operator
Not applicable
Not applicable
550
1.9
550
1.9Operator Total
2,394
4.2
3,972
2.1
6,366
2.6Coal Contractor
168
4.1
313
1.5
481
1.9Noncoal Contractor
38
1.9
463
1.3
501
1.3Contractor Total
206
3.4
776
1.4
982
1.6Total
2,600
4.2
4,748
1.9
7,348
2.4Not calculated when N is less than 5. 95% CI for rates reported above. Totals may not sum due to independent rounding.
Data source: Publicly released employment and accident/injury/illness data collected by MSHA under 30 CFR 50.
Notes: All analyses of accident data exclude office employees. Occupational fatalities exclude all cases under 17 years of age. Further statistical methodology is available on the NIOSH Internet. Caution should be used when interpreting rates based on a small number of events.
Mines at which only independent contractors were working did not show any employment were not counted.
Average number of employees working at individual mines during calendar quarters of active operations (includes office workers).
Full-time equivalent employees computed using reported employee hours (2,000 hours = 1 FTE).
Surface work locations include surface operations at underground mines, surface operations (strip or open pit), auger, culm banks, dredge, other surface operations, independent shops and yards, and mills or preparation plants.
Includes actual days away from work and/or days of restricted work activity. For permanently disabling injuries only, statutory days charged by MSHA were used if they exceeded the total lost workdays.
To receive NIOSH documents or more information about occupational safety and health topics, contact NIOSH at **1-800-CDC-INFO** (1-800-232-4636), TTY: 1-888-232-6348, or visit NIOSH's Ask an Occupational Safety and Health Question page.
See Also
Coal and metal/nonmetal mining facts - 2008
Coal and Metal/Nonmetal Mining Facts - 2008 (HTML)
Coal Contractor Mining Facts - 2001
Coal Contractor Mining Facts - 2002
Coal Contractor Mining Facts - 2003
Independent Contractor Trends in the United States Mining Industry
Injuries, Illnesses, and Hazardous Exposures in the Mining Industry, 1986-1995: A Surveillance Report
Mining Fact Sheets
Mining Facts for 2000
Rib Falls: A Major Ground Control Issue
Page last reviewed: April 7, 2022
Page last updated: April 7, 2022
Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Mining Program
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