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Mining Publication: Chemical and Physical Factors that Influence N0x Production During Blasting: Exploratory Study
Keywords: Blasting Blasting fumes Nitrous oxides NOx meters
This page is archived for historical purposes and is no longer being maintained or updated.
Original creation date: February 2002
Authors: MJ Sapko, JH Rowland, RJ Mainiero, IA Zlochower
Conference Paper - February 2002
Download PDF Document (0.15 MB)
NIOSHTIC2 Number: 20023402
Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique (Las Vegas, NV, Feb. 10-13, 2002). Vol. 2. Cleveland, OH: International Society of Explosives Engineers, 2002 Feb; :317-330
The National Institute, for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) carried out exploratory laboratory scale studies to identify factors that may contribute to nitrogen oxides (NOx) production associated with non-ideal detonation of blasting agents. Explosive admixture with drill cuttings, loss of fuel oil in ammonium nitrate and fuel oil (ANFO) from wicking, ammonium nitrate dissolution with water, degree of explosive confinement, ANFO density, and critical diameter were identified as contributing factors to increased NOx production under the laboratory test conditions. Experiments were also conducted to examine the effectiveness of various additives in reducing the NOx production from ANFO, emulsion, and ANFO/emulsion blends. Aluminum powder, coal dust, urea, and excess fuel oil in ANFO formulations were tested and were found to reduce both the nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) production. Fumes measurements were obtained in the NIOSH underground closed chamber from the detonation of 4.5-kg (10 lbs) charges in schedule 80 seamless steel pipe and from detonations in light weight galvanized steel stove pipe. Some exploratory tests were also conducted with 0.8-kg (1.8 lbs) charges of pulverized ANFO initiated with 0.08-kg (0.18 lbs), 50/50 (pentolite) boosters (in the NIOSH 12-ft (3,7-m) diameter steel sphere) to measure the degree of fumes production associated with post-detonation oxidation. Ammonium nitrate, emulsion and Pentolite boosters were also detonated in an oxygen-poor environment.
Image of publication Chemical and Physical Factors that Influence N0x Production During Blasting: Exploratory StudyConference Paper - February 2002
Download PDF Document (0.15 MB)
NIOSHTIC2 Number: 20023402
Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique (Las Vegas, NV, Feb. 10-13, 2002). Vol. 2. Cleveland, OH: International Society of Explosives Engineers, 2002 Feb; :317-330
See Also
Behavior of Nitrogen Oxides in the Product Gases from Explosive Detonations
Dangers of Toxic Fumes from Blasting
Factors Affecting ANFO Fumes Production
Factors Affecting Fumes Production of an Emulsion and ANFO/Emulsion Blends
Field Studies of CO Migration from Blasting
A Gas Pressure-Based Drift Round Blast Design Methodology
Monitoring and Removal of CO in Blasting Operations
A Technique for Measuring Toxic Gases Produced by Blasting Agents
Toolbox Training on Flyrock Awareness
Toxic Fume Comparison of a Few Explosives Used in Trench Blasting
Page last reviewed: June 9, 2016
Page last updated: September 21, 2012
Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Mining Program
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