# Patent

## Title
Managing credentials

## Abstract

In a centralized credential management system, website credentials are stored in a vault storage at a vault. The website credentials are encrypted based upon a key not available to the vault and are for authenticating a user to a third party website. Through a client, a user authenticates to the vault and retrieves the encrypted website credentials and parameters and code for properly injecting the credentials into a website authentication form. The website credentials are decrypted at the client and injected into the authentication form using the parameters and code.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This Application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/186,651, filed Aug. 6, 2008, and entitled “Credential Management System and Method,” which is incorporated herein by reference.


BACKGROUND
Many Internet users hold accounts with many websites, providing services or other functionality such as online banking, online auctions, online shopping, social websites and more. Typically a set of credentials is associated with each account, and at least a subset of these credentials, usually consisting of a username and a password, is used by the website to verify a user's identity. More extensive or limited sets of credentials are also used. Websites that provide more sensitive services, such as online banking, can require more credentials, e.g., a date of birth, a social security number or other types of credentials. Less sensitive services may only require a single identifier, such as an e-mail address.
Users can implement certain practices that can increase the security of their credentials. For example, they can use a mix of letters and numbers, change their passwords frequently and not use the same credentials for signing on to different sites.
Some users find such security practices inconvenient. For example, some users to make use of a single username and a single password for many of their online accounts across different websites. A successful data-mining attack on one of the websites where an account is held can grant the attacker access to the rest of the user's online accounts.
One solution to this inconvenience is to centrally manage the sets of credentials such that the user can cause them to be provided to a website for authentication. Centrally managed credentials are said to be managed by or (logically) stored at a “vault.” When a user wishes to authenticate to a website, the user interacts with a computer (the “client”) to authenticate the user to the vault. The vault can then process a request from the client to authenticate the user to a given website. The vault can look up the credentials stored for the user for the given website and send them to the client, which can submit them to the website to authenticate the user.
What is needed is a way to transparently (to the user) provide the credentials from the vault to the website. If the vault is untrusted, the user credentials can be stored only in an encrypted form at the vault. The key used to encrypt the credentials may be stored at a trusted client or safeguarded by the user. What is needed is an efficient way to transform the encrypted credentials What is also needed is a more sophisticated, layered approach to credentials management.
SUMMARY
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a vault stored website credentials for authenticating a user to a third party website. The website credentials are encrypted based upon a key not available to the vault, thereby reducing the risk that the user's website credentials would be compromised in the event the vault is compromised. When the user wants to authenticate to a website, the user authenticates to the vault using vault credentials and retrieves the encrypted credentials for the website along with parameters and code useful for properly injecting the website credentials into a website authentication form. The encrypted credentials are decrypted at the client and injected into the form, using the parameters and code. The user is then authenticated to the website. These and other features will be more readily understood from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention that is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings.



DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
Referring to the exemplary drawings wherein like elements are numbered alike in the accompanying Figures:
FIG. 1 depicts a system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 depicts a protocol diagram in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 depicts another protocol diagram in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 depicts another protocol diagram in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows a credential management vault system in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 shows a web browser in a system in accordance with an embodiment of the invention in which a web authentication form is rendered, and in which a bookmarklet that implements the method is installed.
FIG. 7 shows a web browser in a system in accordance with an embodiment of the invention in which a request for initial credentials from the user is displayed.
FIG. 8 shows a web browser in a system in accordance with an embodiment of the invention in which a request for additional credentials from the user is displayed.
FIG. 9 shows a web browser in a system in accordance with an embodiment of the invention in which a web authentication form is rendered, into which received and decrypted credentials have been injected.
FIG. 10 shows a web browser in a system in accordance with an embodiment of the invention in which content available only upon authentication is rendered.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
An embodiment of the invention can authenticate a user to a website. The user can access the website using a client, which can be a personal computer, a mobile phone, a thin client, or any other virtual or physical device capable of conveying information from a website to a user.
FIG. 1 shows a system and method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. User 110 can indicate 111 to client 120 a desire to authenticate the user to a website. The client can send one or more credentials (“vault credentials”) to the vault 130 in order to authenticate the user to the vault. Client 120 can also send a request for the credentials (“website credentials”) needed to authenticate the user with the website 140. The vault 130 can assess the risk that the requests issue from an unauthorized user based upon various criteria. For example, vault 130 can look up the name of the ISP used by the client and request this from a 3rd party 131, e.g., ARIN. Based upon the ISP name received from the third party 150, vault can accept the vault credentials already provided or request additional credentials to authenticate the user 110. For example, vault 130 can send a request to client 120 that user 110 provide a One-Time Password (“OTP”). The OTP password can be provided by a token, such as the VeriSign VIP Token, by an application at the client 120, or any other suitable source. The client can collect the OTP from the user 123 and 124 and pass it to the vault 134. The vault can send 135 the received OTP to another third party (e.g., the VeriSign VIP network) 160 for verification. Upon receiving the verification result 136, the vault can determine that the risk that the requests from client 120 are fraudulent is too high, in which case the requests for authentication and website credentials can be denied by vault 130. If vault 130 determines that such risk is sufficiently low, vault can retrieve the requested website credentials and send them 122 to the client, along with parameters to match them to the form elements on an authentication web-form (such as that shown in FIG. 6) associated with the website to which the user desired to authenticate itself. Client 120 can inject the credentials into the authentication web-form and submit 125 the form to the website 140. The response 126 from the website can be rendered and displayed 112 to the user 110 by client 120, e.g., as shown in FIG. 10.
FIG. 2 shows a protocol diagram that shows exemplary information flows between system components, which will be discussed in further detail. User 110 can be an entity that interacts with client 120 to authenticate itself to website 140. Examples of users include a person, a software application, a process executing as part of an application on client 120, etc.
Client 120 can include a processor coupled to a memory storing instructions adapted to be executed by the processor to perform at least part of the method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. An example of a client includes a Personal Computer executing a browser and storing a cryptographic key that is used to encrypt the website credentials before they are sent to the vault for storage. The key can be stored as part of a bookmarklet, in RAM, on a hard disk, etc. For example, in the Firefox browser, DOM storage is used, while for Internet Explorer, Microsoft's userData storage facility is used. Safari/Webkit uses a client database implementation based upon an HTML5 draft. Safari/Webkit uses a client database implementation based on HTML5 draft recommendation. For sites that support the ability to post form data dynamically, a locally stored key can be used to decrypt website credentials without requiring the user to click a bookmarklet. The key is deliberately not sent to the vault. If the user is unable or unwilling to store the key in their browser's local storage, an embodiment of the present invention can default to querying the user to provide the key. The key can be stored on hardware such as a token, a flash memory stick, a SIM card (e.g., in a mobile telephone), etc. The hardware storing the key can be tamper resistant and, in some embodiments, can connect to other devices in any suitable way, such as via a USB connection, via wireless connection (which can be encrypted), etc. In some embodiments, the device storing the key can perform other functions, such as generating a One Time Password.
Other examples of client 120 include a mobile platform (e.g., a cell phone, a PDA, etc.) that can convey information from website 140 to user 110 in any suitable way. Embodiments of the present invention can be implemented on a cell phone. The cell phone can receive a SIM card that stores the key, and software on the SIM card, in the cell phone, or both, and can perform the method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. For example, the browser on the cell phone can store or access a list or catalog of third party web sites for which the user has stored his credentials at the vault. It can also act as a gateway for the user to provide his authentication credentials to log on to the vault. When the user is logged on to the vault and selects a catalogued web site to which to log on, the browser on the phone can retrieve the sign on page from the selected site. It can also retrieve the user's encrypted credentials for the site from the vault, as well as code and/or parameters specific to the sign on page. The cell phone browser can use a key stored on the tamper-resistant SIM card to decrypt the credentials, inject the decrypted credentials into the third party web site log on page using the code and/or parameters and cause the user to be logged on to the third party site.
Website 140 is an example of network-accessible resource that can be provided with user 110 authentication credentials in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. Other examples can include an FTP server, an SMTP (e-mail) server, etc. The present invention can be implemented for any network-accessible resource that authenticates its users. Such resources can permit users 110 to register and maintain accounts. Accessing the resource using the account can grant to user 110 access to otherwise restricted content.
An account on a resource such as a website 140 can be associated with a physical or virtual user 110. One or more credentials can also be associated with the account. This can include information such as the name of the user, a username, the e-mail address of the user, and other information useful to identifying the user 110 and distinguishing the user 110 from other users. The credentials can be stored at the website 140 and/or at other locations, such as at an authentication service. The credentials need not be explicitly stored anywhere, but can be derived from information made available to the verifier.
The credentials needed to authenticate the user 110 to a website 140 may be stored in a vault 130 that can be accessible to the user 110. The vault 130 can be implemented as an application in any computing environment in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. It can run as a single application on a single computer, or can span across servers in different locations. It is also possible to implement the vault directly in hardware, e.g., using an Application Specific Integrated Circuit. The encrypted credentials may be stored at a location different than that at which the vault's credential management software resides. Communication between the vault 130 and the client 120 can occur over a secure connection, such as one that implements SSL.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, once the key has been provided, the user can add its login credentials for a pre-set list of sites, along with a description of the service offering. Entering of the user credentials can include entries for a username, a password and a brief description of the site in the form of notes. The encrypted data (username/password) can be stored in vault database 540, as can a hashed (salted) value of the key for additional verification.
In an embodiment, the xxTEA algorithm or any other encryption algorithm can be used to encrypt the website credentials. This can be implemented in JavaScript functions that execute on the page, in flash, etc.
Once the user has entered its website credentials and the information saved to the vault database 540 the user can be navigated to a page that can contain the link that the user should add to its bookmarks bar. This link can include the user's website credentials encryption key, which can be visually obfuscated, along with a unique value (an “apikey”) that maps the user's username to a specific value that has been generated by the software in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. This can provide for increased security by assuring that the user authenticated to the vault is mapped to the appropriate user account when using the bookmarklet.
In accordance with embodiments of the present invention, the key can be stored at the client, or provided by the user each time it is needed, retrieved from a trusted location each time it is needed or derived at least partly from information provided by the user or information obtained from a trusted location.
If a user needs to add information to the initial list of websites that may not have been initially entered or edit existing information, an embodiment can include an “edit” button. When the user clicks on the edit button, it can be prompted to enter the key used in the setup steps described previously. If the user enters the wrong key, it can be permitted to re-enter the correct value up to a certain number of times before the account is possibly locked, depending on the security policy. This can place the user in an edit mode to add or correct information.
As known in the art, a bookmarklet is an applet, a small computer application, stored as the URL of a bookmark in a web browser or as a hyperlink on a web page. Bookmarklets are designed to add one-click functionality to a browser or web page. When clicked, a bookmarklet performs a function such as a search query or data extraction. Usually the applet is a JavaScript program.
Prior to activating the “one-click” functionality of the bookmarklet, the user should first be authenticated by the vault. If the user is not logged in and the user clicks on the bookmarklet, the user can be redirected to the vault for authentication. Once authenticated, the user can be redirected back to the page where they clicked on the bookmarklet.
Once the user has been authenticated by the vault and the user is on the website authentication page, the user clicks the link contained in the bookmarklet, which injects the form fill code from the vault into the page. In particular, the link can retrieve the encrypted user credentials and form fill parameters for the current login page from the vault using, for example, a JSON-P method. The form fill code can use the key, which can be encoded (obfuscated) in the link, and can be used by the page code to decrypt the user website credentials. The decrypted user credentials (e.g., username, password, etc.) can be inserted into the website authentication form, and the form can be submitted to the website.
If the user has selected the bookmarklet while not on the specific website authentication page, a popup can be displayed that can contain the list of sites for which the user has entered website credentials. The popup can be in the form of HTML/CSS that can be inserted into the displayed page. The user can select the site in the popup and, if it is one-click enabled, the user can be automatically signed in, i.e., authenticated to the selected website. The enabled websites can use a transitional page to authenticate the user in which the key is retrieved from the browser local storage, if available, or requested from the user, etc. If the website does not support direct login, the user can be navigated to the site and can then click the bookmarklet again to authenticate to the website.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a carousel can be used to display the different web sites/pages that the user has enrolled in the vault, i.e., for which the user has stored website credentials at its vault account. The user can visualize in a single place all the different pages, and through a rotation tool, can select a specific page, then click and access that page. An embodiment of the present invention can be enabled with the carousel such that user credentials stored at the vault for a given website are injected into a page retrieved when the user clicks on a graphic representation of such a site in the carousel. In this way, the carousel interface can be used to quickly authenticate to any website listed in the carousel.
In FIG. 2, third party 150 is a network resource that can be used by vault 130 to assess the risk that user 110 is honest or fraudulent. For example, third party 150 can be a resource that provides a reverse DNS lookup service. The IP address received as part of a message from a client 120 containing user 110 vault credentials can be submitted to such a service, which can return a host name, the geographical location of the host, etc. The host name and other information, such as the geographical data, can be compared to facts known about the user 110 to assess the likelihood that the vault credentials originate from the correct user 110. For example, if it is known that user 110 has historically logged on to the vault from a single given host in the United States, and if the reverse IP lookup reveals a different host name located in Nigeria, vault 130 may decide to request one or more additional credentials to verify that the user is the registrant of the vault account to which access is sought. Likewise, if the server name and location match that in the historical record, then access may be granted without requiring further vault credentials. In some cases, no third party may be needed to help vault 130 to assess the risk of a request for access. For example, vault 130 may assess inherent properties of the request, e.g., the number of such requests received per unit time (an excessively high number could indicate fraud), the number of failed recent attempts (a high number could indicate fraud), etc.
VIP 160 refers to the VeriSign Identity Protection (“VIP”) service, which can verify credentials such as an OTP. If the risk assessed by the vault 130 is above a given threshold, the vault 130 can request that the user provide an additional credential such as an OTP. The OTP is received by the vault 130 and then sent to VIP 160 for verification. If VIP indicates to the vault that the OTP is successfully verified, then the user 110/client 120 is granted access to the vault account. Otherwise, access is denied. User 110 may be given another opportunity to submit another OTP or other credential.
FIGS. 3-4 show simplified protocol flows for embodiments in accordance with the present invention. FIG. 3 shows a version of the protocol that operates without invoking other networked resources to evaluate supplemental credentials to authenticate to the vault 130. Rather, the vault 130 itself verifies the OTP. FIG. 4 shows a version of the protocol in which no supplemental credentials are used to authenticate user 110 to vault 130.
FIG. 5 shows a system in accordance with an embodiment of the invention detailing an embodiment of the vault 130. In this embodiment the vault 130 includes an authenticator 520, a risk engine 510, a request processor 530 and a database 540.
A user 110 can request through client 120 to be authenticated to vault 130. In one embodiment, this request is made initially by client 120 to vault 130. In another embodiment, user 110 indicates to client 120 that it wants to authenticate itself to a website 140. Client 120 sends a request for website credentials to vault 130, which determines that user 110 is not presently authenticated to vault 130 and sends a request for vault credentials to client 120. In both cases, user 110 submits vault credentials to vault 130 through client 120.
Authenticator 520 can verify the vault credentials and can pass the results of the verification as well as information obtained from communications with client 120 (such as the source IP address used by client 120) to risk engine 510. Authenticator 520 can also obtain additional information from a networked, third party resource 150 (such as the hostname associated with the client via a reverse IP lookup) and pass such information to the risk engine 510. Based upon the information provided by authenticator 520, risk engine 510 can determine the risk that the authentication request is fraudulent, and pass the result to authenticator 520. The risk can be quantified in any suitable way, e.g., high/low, a numerical value, etc. Authenticator 520 can store a risk threshold that can be unique to a user, unique to a given type of users, or the same for all users. Authenticator 520 can compare the determined risk to the risk threshold. If the determined risk is above that of the threshold, authenticator 520 can request one or more additional credentials from user 110/client 120, such as an OTP. Authenticator 520 can submit the OTP to a networked resource, such as the VeriSign Identity Protection (VIP) server 160. The results of the verification can be passed to the risk engine 510. If and when the determined risk is lower than the threshold, then the user 110 is authenticated to the vault and the user 110 request for credentials can be passed to request processor 530.
Request processor 530 can be communicatively coupled to database 540. Database 540 can store user 110 account information, which can include a user identifier, one or more credentials correlated with a website to which they pertain, parameters useful to the client for properly injecting the credentials into an authentication form for the website. It can also contain executable code that can be sent to client 120 to assist in completing the authentication form. The credentials stored in database 540 can be encrypted based upon a key not available to vault 130. The key can be available to the client, which can encrypt the credentials before they are sent to vault 130 and decrypt the encrypted credentials received from vault 130 before providing them to website 140. The key can be stored in a bookmarklet at client 120, be otherwise stored at client 120 (e.g., in RAM, flash memory, hard disk, etc.), derived from user-provided credentials at client 120, etc. Request processor can retrieve credentials, parameters and/or code for the website 140 and send them to the client 120.
In accordance with embodiments of the present invention, the risk threshold can be adjusted based upon the type or identity of the web site 140 for which a user 110 has requested credentials. The thresholds can be stored at database 540 correlated with the websites 140 or website types to which they pertain. A determined risk of a user authentication may be below a risk threshold for a first website and above a risk threshold for a second site. If the user 110 has authenticated to the vault 130 to authenticate to the first website and then requests website credentials for the second website, vault 130 can request that user 110 provide additional credentials to lower the determined risk below that of the risk threshold that corresponds to the second website.
FIG. 6 shows an authentication form 620 for a website 140 rendered in a web browser 600. An authentication in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention can be triggered by user 110 selecting bookmarklet 610. A request is sent to vault 130 for website credentials. If the user is already authenticated to the vault 130, the vault will retrieve the encrypted credentials from database 540 and send them to client 120 along with code and parameters for completing form 620. Client 120 will decrypt the credentials and can use the code to inject the decrypted credentials in the form 620 and provide the completed form 620 to the website 140. The user 110 can thus be authenticated to the website 140.
If the user 110 is not presently authenticated to the vault 130, the vault 130 can send a request for vault credentials to client 120. FIG. 7 shows a vault credentials request form 700 that includes a username 712 and a password 714 field that user 110 completes to authenticate to the vault. User 110 selects the “Sign On to Vault” button 729 after completing the fields and can be logged on to the vault.
If the risk of a vault authentication is above a given risk threshold, the vault can request one or more additional credentials, such as the OTP requested in the vault supplemental credential request form 730 shown in FIG. 8. The form 730 includes fields for an OTP 722 and a social security number 724. User 110 selects the “Sign On to Vault” button 729 after completing the fields and can be logged on to the vault.
FIG. 9 shows the credentials 622 and 624 retrieved from the vault, decrypted at the client injected into the form-elements 621 and 623 on the authentication web-form 620. User 110 can select the “Sign On” button 629 after completing the fields and can be logged on to the vault.
FIG. 10 shows a web-browser 600 displaying content 630 from a web site that is only available after authentication.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a user 110 can provide website credentials to a vault 130 by registering with the vault 130. Registration can include establishing user vault credentials and establishing a user vault account. User 110 can manually enter user website credentials (e.g., a user identifier and a password) at the client 120 to be sent to the vault 130. Client 120 can include software that encrypts the website credentials using a key that can be supplied by the user, generated by the client software, derived by the client software from information provided by the user, such as credential information or received and stored at the client 120. Once encrypted, the website credentials can be sent to the vault 130 to be stored at database 540, associated with user information, such as a user identifier, user vault credentials, website authentication form parameters and code, etc. Likewise, code at the client 120 can cause website credentials provided manually by user 110 in filling out website authentication forms to be collected, encrypted and sent to vault 130 to be stored in the user's vault account, provided the user 110 is authenticated to the vault 130.
Those skilled in the art that will appreciate that there are a number of ways of implementing the authentication procedure at a client and that there correspondingly will be numerous ways for the client to receive an indication to provide credentials and to collect the credentials.
When the client 120 retrieves the website credentials from the vault 130 to supply to a website 140, the vault 130 can send the website credentials to the requesting client 120 in the encrypted form in which they were originally submitted. Any suitable encryption algorithm can be used, such as blowfish, AES, DSA and the like.
The website credentials can be passed to the client 120 as key/value pars, where the key can represent the name of the form-element (e.g., the form-elements 621 and 623) on the authentication web form 620 into which the value (e.g., the values 622 and 624) should be injected.
In one embodiment, the client 120 can use the HTML Document Object Model (DOM) search for form-elements in the web authentication form to find elements with names matching the form-element keys in the pairs received from the server, and then change the value of the form elements using the DOM application programming interface. This can be done using JavaScript, but it is also possible to implement as a browser plug-in, or by other means of integration.
In another embodiment, the HTML data constituting the web authentication form can be intercepted, and the HTML code can be modified so that the values are inserted into the corresponding HTML form-elements before the form is rendered at the client.
While the data constituting the form can be encoded as HTML, other encodings can be used, including but not limited to XHTML and WML.
As the authentication web forms used to access websites can change, in one embodiment of the invention, the vault can maintain knowledge about various authentication forms in the form of a library, and changes the form-element keys before passing the pairs to the client. The library can store information about the names of fields for authentication forms used for a wide range of websites that can be of interest to users of the system. It can also store the code that can help properly inject the website credentials into such forms. The library information can be stored in database 540.
Some authentication web forms can require a more complicated procedure at the client than passage of variables through a single web-form to authenticate a user. For example, some online banks use a multi-page authentication procedure. In order to ensure proper authentication to these sites, the vault can pass a piece of code (such as JavaScript) along with the credentials that will conduct the authentication as needed for the particular website. Typically the vault will maintain pieces of code customized to each of these sites.
In some cases, the key encrypting the user website credentials will change. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the encryption of the website credentials at the vault can also be changed. A message can be sent from client 120 to vault 130 indicating that the key has changed for a user 110. In response, vault 130 can send all of the website credentials stored in the user account, which are encrypted using the old key. Client 120 can use the old key to decrypt the website credentials received from vault 130 and then use the new key to re-encrypt the credentials. Client 120 can then send the website credentials encrypted with the new key to vault 130 for storage in the vault account. In this way, user website credentials encrypted with an outdated key can be efficiently replaced by website credentials encrypted with a current key.
While the invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best or only mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims. Also, in the drawings and the description, there have been disclosed exemplary embodiments of the invention and, although specific terms may have been employed, they are unless otherwise stated used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the invention therefore not being so limited. Moreover, the use of the terms first, second, etc. do not denote any order or importance, but rather the terms first, second, etc. are used to distinguish one element from another. Furthermore, the use of the terms a, an, etc. do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one of the referenced item.

## Claims

1. A method comprising:
storing, within a vault account at a vault system, at least one encrypted website credential that is encrypted using an encryption key that is not available to the vault system, wherein the encrypted website credential is for authenticating a user to a third party website;
sending executable code to a client device that, upon execution by a processor at the client device, is to:
store the encryption key at the client device, and
obfuscate the stored encryption key;

receiving, from the client device, at least one first vault credential to authenticate the user with the vault account;
authenticating the first vault credential;
determining that the first vault credential is not authentic, comprising:
assessing a risk that the first vault credential is not authentic, wherein assessing the risk comprises quantifying the risk; and
comparing the quantified risk to a threshold to determine that the quantified risk is greater than the threshold;

requesting, from the client device and in response to determining that the first vault credential is not authentic, at least one second vault credential to authenticate the user with the vault account, wherein the second vault credential is distinct from the first vault credential;
authenticating the second vault credential;
receiving, from the client device, a request for the encrypted website credential;
retrieving the requested encrypted website credential from the vault account at the vault system; and
sending, to the client device, the requested encrypted website credential and at least one form fill parameter in response to successfully authenticating the first vault credential and the second vault credential, wherein the executable code is further to:
decrypt the requested encrypted website credential into a decrypted website credential using the obfuscated stored encryption key, and
use the form fill parameter to inject the decrypted website credential into at least one form field in an authentication page of the third party website.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the executable code is further to store the encryption key in a bookmarklet link at the client device.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein receiving the request is a result of a user selection of the bookmarklet link at the client device.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the executable code is further to store a unique value at the client device, wherein the request includes the unique value, wherein the method further comprises authenticating the unique value from the request, and wherein sending the requested encrypted website credential and the form fill parameter is further in response to successfully authenticating the unique value.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first vault credential includes a username and a password.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein determining that the first vault credential is not authentic is based on one or more of a name of an Internet service provider of the client device, a hostname of the client device, a geographic location of the client device, a number of authentication requests per unit time from the client device, an identity of the third party website, or a type of the third party website.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein requesting the second vault credential comprises requesting a one-time password from the client device.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein authenticating the second vault credential comprises sending the one-time password to a networked resource to be verified and receiving results from the networked resource indicating that the one-time password is verified.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein requesting the second vault credential comprises sending, to the client device, a challenge question and requesting from the client device a response that is based upon the challenge question.

10. A system comprising:
a memory to store, within a vault account at a vault system, at least one encrypted website credential that is encrypted using an encryption key that is not available to the vault system, wherein the encrypted website credential is for authenticating a user to a third party website;
a server processor coupled to the memory to:
send executable code to a client device that, upon execution by a client processor at the client device, is to:
store the encryption key at the client device, and
obfuscate the stored encryption key;

receive, from the client device, at least one first vault credential to authenticate the user with the vault account;
authenticate the first vault credential;
determine that the first vault credential is not authentic by:
assessing a risk that the first vault credential is not authentic, wherein the assessment of the risk comprises quantifying the risk; and
comparing the quantified risk to a threshold to determine that the quantified risk is greater than the threshold;

request, from the client device and in response to the determination that the first vault credential is not authentic, at least one second vault credential to authenticate the user with the vault account, wherein the second vault credential is distinct from the first vault credential;
authenticate the second vault credential;
receive, from the client device, a request for the encrypted website credential;
retrieve the requested encrypted website credential from the vault account at the vault system; and
send, to the client device, the requested encrypted website credential and at least one form fill parameter in response to successful authentication of the first vault credential and the second vault credential, wherein the executable code is further to:
decrypt the requested encrypted website credential into a decrypted website credential using the obfuscated stored encryption key, and
use the form fill parameter to inject the decrypted website credential into at least one form field in an authentication page of the third party website.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein the executable code is further to store the encryption key in a bookmarklet link at the client device.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein receipt of the request is a result of a user selection of the bookmarklet link at the client device.

13. The system of claim 10, wherein the executable code is further to store a unique value at the client device, wherein the request includes the unique value, wherein the server processor is further to authenticate the unique value from the request, and wherein the server processor sends the requested encrypted website credential and the form fill parameter further in response to successful authentication of the unique value.

14. The system of claim 10, wherein the first vault credential includes a username and a password.

15. The system of claim 10, wherein the determination that the first vault credential is not authentic is based on one or more of a name of an Internet service provider of the client device, a hostname of the client device, a geographic location of the client device, a number of authentication requests per unit time from the client device, an identity of the third party website, or a type of the third party website.

16. The system of claim 10, wherein the server processor requests the second vault credential by requesting a one-time password from the client device.

17. A method comprising:
sending, to a vault system, at least one encrypted website credential that is encrypted using an encryption key that is not available to the vault system, wherein the encrypted website credential is for authenticating a user to a third party website, and wherein the vault system stores the encrypted website credential within a vault account;
receiving, at a client device from the vault system, executable code for storing the encryption key at the client device, wherein the executable code obfuscates the stored encryption key;
executing, by a processor at the client device, the executable code to store the obfuscated encryption key at the client device;
receiving, at the client device, an indication to provide the encrypted website credential;
sending, from the client device to the vault system, at least one first vault credential to authenticate the user with the vault account;
sending, from the client device to the vault system, at least one second vault credential to authenticate the user with the vault account in response to a determination that the first vault credential is not authentic, wherein the second vault credential is distinct from the first vault credential, and wherein the determination comprises:
assessing a risk that the first vault credential is not authentic, wherein the assessment of the risk comprises quantifying the risk; and
comparing the quantified risk to a threshold to determine that the quantified risk is greater than the threshold;

sending, from the client device to the vault system, a request for the encrypted website credential;
receiving, at the client device from the vault system, the requested encrypted website credential and at least one form fill parameter in response to a successful authentication of the first vault credential and the second vault credential;
executing, by the processor at the client device, the executable code to decrypt the received encrypted website credential into a decrypted website credential using the obfuscated stored encryption key; and
executing, by the processor at the client device, the executable code to inject the decrypted website credential into at least one form field of an authentication page of the third party website using the form fill parameter.

18. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising computer-readable instructions for causing a processor to perform operations comprising:
sending, to a vault system, at least one encrypted website credential that is encrypted using an encryption key that is not available to the vault system, wherein the encrypted website credential is for authenticating a user to a third party website, and wherein the vault system stores the encrypted website credential within a vault account;
receiving, at a client device from the vault system, executable code for storing the encryption key at the client device, wherein the executable code obfuscates the stored encryption key;
executing, by the processor at the client device, the executable code to store the obfuscated encryption key at the client device;
receiving, at the client device, an indication to provide the encrypted website credential;
sending, from the client device to the vault system, at least one first vault credential to authenticate the user with the vault account;
sending, from the client device to the vault system, at least one second vault credential to authenticate the user with the vault account in response to a determination that the first vault credential is not authentic, wherein the second vault credential is distinct from the first vault credential, and wherein the determination comprises:
assessing a risk that the first vault credential is not authentic, wherein the assessment of the risk comprises quantifying the risk; and
comparing the quantified risk to a threshold to determine that the quantified risk is greater than the threshold;

sending, from the client device to the vault system, a request for the encrypted website credential;
receiving, at the client device from the vault system, the requested encrypted website credential and at least one form fill parameter in response to a successful authentication of the first vault credential and the second vault credential;
executing, by the processor at the client device, the executable code to decrypt the received encrypted website credential into a decrypted website credential using the obfuscated stored encryption key; and
executing, by the processor at the client device, the executable code to inject the decrypted website credential into at least one form field of an authentication page of the third party website using the form fill parameter.