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Nitroethane																				Related Pages
										May 1994
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH)
**CAS number:** 79–24–3
**NIOSH REL:** 100 ppm (310 mg/m3) TWA
**Current OSHA PEL:** 100 ppm (310 mg/m3) TWA
**1989 OSHA PEL:** Same as current PEL
**1993-1994 ACGIH TLV:** 100 ppm (307 mg/m3) TWA
**Description of substance:** Colorless, oily liquid with a mild, fruity odor.
**LEL**: . 3.4% (10% LEL, 3,400 ppm)
**Original (SCP) IDLH:** 1,000 ppm
**Basis for original (SCP) IDLH:** The chosen IDLH is based on the statements by Patty [1963] that exposure to 5,000 ppm for 2 hours was lethal to 1 of 2 rabbits and to 0 of 2 guinea pigs; exposure to the same concentration for 3 hours was fatal to 2 of 2 rabbits and to 0 of 2 guinea pigs [Machle et al. 1940].
**Short-term exposure guidelines:** None developed
**ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:**
**Lethal concentration data:**

**Species**
    **Reference**
    **LC50** **(ppm)**
    **LCLo** **(ppm)**
    **Time**
    **Adjusted 0.5-hr** **LC (CF)**
    **Derived value**Rat
    IMCC 1979
    LC100: 13,000
    -----
    6 hr
    29,900 ppm (2.3)
    2,990 ppmMouse
    Izmerov et al. 1982
    -----
    6,250
    2 hr
    10,000 ppm (1.6)
    1,000 ppmRabbit
    Machle et al. 1940
    5,000
    -----
    2 hr
    8,000 ppm (1.6)
    800 ppmRabbit
    Machle et al. 1940
    LC100: 5,000
    -----
    3 hr
    9,000 ppm (1.8)
    900 ppm**Other animal data:** Guinea pigs survived both a 2-hour and a 3-hour exposure to 5,000 ppm [Machle et al. 1940]. Rats exposed to 2,200 ppm for 6 hours had no noticeable difficulty [IMCC 1979].
 **Human data:** None relevant for use in determining the revised IDLH.
 
 **Revised IDLH:** 1,000 ppm [Unchanged] **Basis for revised IDLH:** Based on acute inhalation toxicity data in animals [Izmerov et al. 1982; Machle et al. 1940], the original IDLH for nitroethane (1,000 ppm) is not being revised at this time.**REFERENCES:**
1. IMCC [1979]. Technical data sheet no. 21: nitromethane. Des Plaines, IL: International Minerals and Chemical Corporation, Inc., NP Division.
2. Izmerov NF, Sanotsky IV, Sidorov KK [1982]. Toxicometric parameters of industrial toxic chemicals under single exposure. Moscow, Russia: Centre of International Projects, GKNT, p. 93.
3. Machle W, Scott EW, Treon J [1940]. The physiological response of animals to some simple mononitroparaffins and to certain derivatives of these compounds. J Ind Hyg Toxicol *22*(8):315-332.
4. Patty FA, ed. [1963]. Industrial hygiene and toxicology. 2nd rev. ed. Vol. II. Toxicology. New York, NY: Interscience Publishers, Inc., p. 2077.

			
							
								Page last reviewed:  December 4, 2014						Content
							source: 	National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH Publications & Products
Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health (IDLH) Values
Table of IDLH Values
Criteria for Determining IDLH Values
Historical Documentation
Original (SCP) Values
Abbreviations for IDLH Documentation
Abbreviations for Journal Titles Follow NIOSH Facebook
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