United States Court of Appeals,

Fifth Circuit.

No. 91–8611

Summary Calendar.

ELFIDA CHAVEZ, Individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiff–Appellant,

v.

THE HOUSING AUTHORITY OF THE CITY OF EL PASO, et al., Defendants–Appellees.

Oct. 1, 1992.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas.

Before JOLLY, DUHÉ, and BARKSDALE, Circuit Judges.

E. GRADY JOLLY, Circuit Judge:

In this appeal we determine whether the El Paso Housing Authority ("EPHA") violated the

constitutional rights of the Elfida Chavez when it decided to evict her based on the actions of her son

Efrain "Frank" Chavez. Having concluded that the EPHA did not violate Chavez's rights, we affirm

the district court's decision.

I

Chavez lives in public housing managed by El Paso Housing Authority ("EPHA"). Efrain

"Frank" Chavez is her twenty-two year old son who lived with her at least until some time in 1989.

In 1989, Chavez removed h er so n Frank from the list of household residents on the lease. She

renewed the lease in May of 1990 . In August, the EPHA sent Chavez notice that it intended to

terminate her lease and evict her for violation of paragraph seven of her lease. The EPHA contends

that Frank was Chavez's guest and that he committed acts of violence on the premises in violation of

t he lease. The EPHA held a formal administrative hearing in February to review the pro po sed

eviction. The hearing officer recommended eviction and the EPHA gave Chavez another 30–day

notice. Chavez filed her complaint in this case in April of 1990. Since Chavez still had not moved

out by May of 1991, the EPHA filed a complaint for forcible detainer in county court.II

On April 25, 1991, Elfida Chavez brought a class action suit against the EPHA, alleging that

its policy of evicting tenants because of the tenant's adult child's conduct vio lates the First

Amendment right to freedom of association, and violates the equal protecti on and due process clauses

of the Fifth and Fourtee nt h Amendments. She sought a declaratory judgment and an injunction

barring the EPHA from attempting to evict her. The district court denied the injunction without a

hearing. After a trial on the merits, the court entered judgment denying both Chavez's request for

declaratory relief and an injunction. She appeals the district court's judgment.

The district court held that the EPHA did not violate any of Chavez's constituti onal rights

when it decided to terminate her lease. The court found that after Chavez removed her son from the

lease in 1989, she had regularly consented to his staying in her apartment as a guest. The court also

found that Frank, while a resident, guest or otherwise under Chavez's control, engaged in criminal

activity on or near the apartment complex. Then the court concluded that Frank's actions constituted

good cause to terminate the lease and that the parent-child relationship between Chavez and her son

was not a motivating factor in the EPHA's decision to evict Chavez.

III

Chavez argues that the lease and the regulation violate her First Amendment right to freedom

o f asso ciat ion because the lease and regulation mandate that the EPHA evict her because of her

parental relationship with Frank. Chavez also claims that the lease violates her Fifth and Fourteenth

Amendment due process rights because it calls for her eviction based on her relationship with her son.

She further contends that the EPHA is implemen t ing t he lease and the regulation in a way that

violates her Fourteenth Amendment equal protecti on ri ghts because the EPHA di d not attem pt to

evict other people whom Frank visited. Finally, she claims that the lease and the regulation are vague

and overbroad.IV

While we review t he dist rict court's legal conclusions d e novo, we will not set aside the

district court's factual determinations unless they are clearly erroneous. Fed.R.Civ.P. 52(a).

A

The EPHA's effort to evict Chavez based on her violation of paragraph 7.M of her lease did

not violate her First Amendment right of association. Paragraph 7.M of the lease provides that the

tenant is obligated to:

conduct himself/herself and to cause resident's household members and guests to conduct

themselves in su ch manner as not to disturb the neighbor's peaceful enjoyment of their

accommodations or community facilit ies; to refrain from illegal or other activity which would

impair the physical or social environment of the complex; and to act in such a way as to be

conducive to maintaining the complex in a decent, safe, and sanitary condition.

Paragraph 7. M is derived from a federal housing regulation which provides that a federal housing

lease must state that the tenant has the obligation:

[t]o conduct himself and cause o t her persons who are on the premises with his consent to

conduct themselves in a manner which will not disturb his neighbor's peaceful enjoyment of

their accommodations and will be conducive to maint aining the project in a decent, safe and

sanitary condition.

24 C.F.R. § 966.4(f)(11). The lease makes the tenant subject to eviction if any household member

or guest conducts himself or herself in a manner inconsistent with the lease.

Contending that Frank was not a member of her household or a guest, Chavez argues that the

EPHA targeted her for eviction because of her relationship with her son. The district court, however,

rej ect ed Chavez's version of events. It found that Frank was a resident or guest in Chavez's

household when he engaged in criminal activity and that the parent-child relationship had nothing to

do with the EPHA' s decision. This finding is not clearly erroneous. David Chavez, Jr., a security

guard at the housing complex, testified that he often observed Frank at his mother's apartment and

that he sometimes spent the night there. David Chavez testified that Frank was at his mother'sapartment so often he thought that Frank lived there. Ot her security guards and Ms. Ibrahim, the

eligibilit y coordi nator at the housing authority, also testified that they observed Frank at his mother's

apartment. Security guard Jose Hernandez, Jr. testified that Frank threatened him with a crow bar

and only retreat ed when the officer drew his weapon. Another security guard, Mario Ramirez,

testified that one time while he was attempting to take Frank into custody, Frank took out his switch

blade and swung at him and his partner.

Chavez, on the other hand, is u nable t o sho w how enforcement of the lease impermissibly

interferes with her right to associate with her family. Nor has she shown that the regulation at issue

burdens a fundamental right by "directly and substantially" interfering with family living arrangements.

Lyng v. Castillo

, 477 U.S. 635, 638, 106 S.Ct. 2727, 2729, 91 L.Ed.2d 527 (1986). Despi te

Chavez's contrary assertions, she has no convincing evidence that the EPHA has a policy of evicting

tenants that is based on their familial relationships.

The EPHA did hold Chavez responsible for the acts of a guest that happened to be her son.

As the district court correctly determined, however, that does not prove that the EPHA has a policy

of holding tenants liable for the acts of their guests who are relatives that is different from the policy

the EPHA applies to tenants who have guests that are not relatives. Of course, it may be that the

EPHA holds tenants responsible for the conduct of guests that often turn out to be relatives. Such

an unintended and incidental effect on family relationships does not violate Chavez's First Amendment

right of association. T

urner v. Chicago Housing Authority, 771 F.Supp. 924, 928 (N.D.Ill.1991);

Hameetman v. City of Chicago, 776 F.2d 636 (7th Cir.1985).

Although Chavez raises a separate equal protection claim, it also rests on the assertion that

the EPHA has a policy of holding tenants responsible for acts of relatives that is different from the

policy applied to non-relative guests. Thus, her argument that the parent-child classification is not

a rational means of accomplishing a permissible goal fails because s he has not shown that such aclassification scheme exists.

B

Chavez also contends that the federal regulation that mandates paragraph seven in the lease

in unconstitutionally vague. She argues that the regulation allows EPHA officials to act arbitrarily

because it does not provide tenants with clear notice as to what constitutes a guest on the premises

with the tenant's consent. The federal regulation, which is set out above, provides that tenants must

cause persons who are on the premises with their consent to conduct themselves in a peaceful manner

that will not disturb or endanger others in the community. 24 C.F.R. § 966.4(f)(11).

While vague laws in any area may suffer a constitutional infirmit y, the vagueness doctri n e

does not apply equally to all circumstances. A shton v. Kentucky, 384 U.S. 195, 200, 86 S.Ct. 1407,

1410, 16 L.Ed.2d 469 (1966); E xxon Corp. v. Busbee, 644 F.2d 1030, 1033 (5th Cir.1981). A civil

statute that is not concerned with the First Amendment is only unconstitutionally vague if it is " "so

vague and indefinit e as really to be no rule at all' or if it is "substantially incomprehensible.' " U nited

States v. Clinical Leasing Services, Inc., 925 F.2d 120, 122 n. 2 (5th Cir.1991), citing A.B. Small

Co. v. American Sugar Refining Co., 267 U.S. 233, 239, 45 S.Ct. 295, 297, 69 L.Ed. 589 (1925) and

Exxon Corp. v. Busbee, 644 F.2d 1030, 1033 (5th Cir.1981 ). This deferential standard of review

applies because Chavez has failed to show how the regulations or the lease implicate h er First

Amendment rights.

Under this standard, there is no va gueness problem with the regulation or the lease. The

phrase "cause others who are on the premises with his consent" is amenable to a sensible

construction. At a minimum, the regulation and the lease put tenants on notice that the EPHA will

hold them responsible for their misconduct and the misconduct of family and friends that visit them.

This is all that the constitution requires.C

Chavez's final argument is base d o n the due process clause. She argues that the EPHA's

termination of her lease amounts to punishment of an innocent party for the acts of another person

over which she has no control. Once again, Chavez bases her argument on the assertion that she is

losing her apartment because of her familial r elat ionship with her son. This argument lacks merit.

Chavez is not being punished for the actions of her son. She is being evicted for failing to ensure that

her guests do not disturb or endanger others in her community.

V

For the reasons stated herein, the judgment of the district court is

AFFIRMED.