A mining research report 

JULY 1988 

RESEARCH AND 

EVALUATION METHODS I 

FOR MEASURING 

NONROUTINE MINE 

HEALTH AND SAFETY 

SKILLS: 

BIBLIOGRAPHY 

Contract H0348040 

University of Kentucky 

BUREAU OF MINES 

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 
The views and conclusions contained in this document are those 

of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily 

representing the official policies or recommendations of the 

Interior Department's Bureau of Mines or of the U. S. Government. 

. 
50272 - 101 

/ REPORT DOCUMENTATION 11. REPORT 

i 2. I I 3. Recipient's Accesslon No. I 

PAGE I 

I BRASH/R85-2 I I i -- 1;. Title and SUM~~ 5. Report Date 

Research and Evaluation Methods for Measuring Nonroutine Mine June 1988 

Health and Safety Skills: Bibliography 

7. Author(s) Henry P . Cole, Philip K. Berger , Charles Vaught , Warren G . Lacefield, Ronald D. Wasielewski, John V. Haley, Shannon L. Price 

9. Performing Organization Name and Address 

Behavioral Research Aspects of Safety and Health (BRASH) Group 

Institute for Mining and Minerals Research 

U.S. Bureau of Mines 

Columbia Plaza 

2401 E Street NW 

a. Performing Organization Rept. NO. 

10. Project/Task/Work Unit NO. 

11. Contract(C) or Grant(G) NO. 

University of Kentucky 

201 Porter Building 

Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0205 

Phase I 10184-6/87 1 

(c) USBM H0348040 

(G) 

Washington, DC 20241 

15. Supplementary Notes 

This is a comprehensive bibliography of research reviewed in the course of completing the 

12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address 1 13. Type of Report & Period Covered 

I project work. 

1 

16. Abstract (Limit: 200 words) 

A comprehensive review of published research was carried out to identify methods for 

I teaching and assessing critical but nonroutine skills needed for coping with emergency I I situations. Computerized searches of the relevant data bases were carried out, along with I I identification of relevant articles and materials by personal contact with experts in I I many fields. The citations listed in this bibliography resulted from this systematic I I literature search and review. The- computer searches and an analysis of this literature are1 I described in technical report 1. specific methods for assessing critical skills proficien-1 

I cy in aviation, medicine, organization management, the military, and other industrial/ I 

I technical workplaces were described. The potential application of these methods for I I teaching and assessing (1) critical first aid and (2) self-rescue and escape skills to I I underground coal miners in annual refresher training was explored. Research and develop- I I ment activities that may improve mine health and safety training were suggested. Most of I 

Ithe entries in this bibliography were assembled in 1984 through 1985. Study of these I 1 materials contributed to the completion of the project research that followed. This later I 

1 work is reported in the project technical report 2 and the final report. This bibliographyl 1 is most useful when combined with examination of technical reports 1 and 2 and the final I 1 project report. 

17. Document Analysis a. Descriptors 

Mining Evaluation Decision Making Safety 

Coal Mining Assessment Judgment Accident Prevention 

Underground Mining Measurement Problem Solving Industrial Accidents 

Performance Evaluation Thinking First Aid 

b. Identifiers/Open-Ended Terms 

Mine Emergencies Critical Skills Refresher Training 

Simulation Training 

Self Rescue and Escape 

I C. COSATI Field/Group I 

1 ! unclassif j ed 1 

(See ANSI-Z39.18) See Instructions on Reverse OPTIONAL FORM 272 (4-77) 

(Formerly NTIS-35) 

18. Availability Statement 21. No. of Pages 

unclassified 

20. Security Class (This Page) 

Department of Commerce 

I 19. Security Class (This Report! 

22. Price 
Measuring Mine Health and Safety Skills Page 4 ........................................................................... 

FOREWORD 

This report was prepared by the Behavioral Research Aspect of Safety 

and Health Working Group (BRASH), Institute for Mining and Minerals 

Research (IMMR), University of Kentucky under USBM Contract number 

H0348040. The -contract was initiated under the Coal Mine Health and 

Safety Program. It was administered under the technical direction of 

the Pittsburgh Research Center with William J. Wiehagen acting as 

Technical Project Officer. Michael L. Nowicki was the contract 

administrator for the Bureau of Mines. This report is a summary of 

the work recently completed as a part of this contract during the period 

of October 1, 1984 to May 31, 1988. This report was submitted by the 

authors on July 1, 1988. 
Measuring Mine Health & Safety Skills page 5 ....................................................................... 

BIBLIOGRAPHY 

This bibliography is intended to assist researchers by bringing 

together literature from across many fields in order to present 

empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge needed to identify, 

define, teach, and assess emergency first aid and self-rescue/escape 

skills. It also offers many other less specialized references that 

deal with the conceptual and methodological issues and techniques 

involved in defining, sampling, teaching, and measuring human 

proficiency in these critical but nonroutine areas. 

Sources of Literature Identified 

The citations contained herein are the prod.uct of systematic 

strategies developed and executed in computer searches of published 

literature from nineteen of the world's foremost technical databases, 

augmented by extensive library research (see Chapter 2 of the project 

first technical report (Cole, Berger, Vaught, Lacefield, Wasielewski, 

Haley, & Price, 1987a). The focus of the search was suggested by two 

broad categories. The first category concerns first aid skills needed 

by all miners for immediate treatment of self and co-workers who are 

accident victims. he second category deals with procedures, 

judgments, decisions, and strategies required to escape, prevent, or 

minimize injury to self and co-workers in mine emergency situations 

such as ventilation failure, fire, or explosion. 
Measuring Mine ~ealth & Safety Skills page 6 ....................................................................... 

Content Areas Included 

There have been few studies concerning the proficiency of miners 

in these critical nonroutine skills. Therefore, research dealing with 

human performance in similar emergency skill areas was examined. 

These related research efforts include the training and assessment of 

critical skills needed by aviation crews to cope with inflight 

emergencies, by medical personnel to deal with trauma and illness, by 

military personnel to cope with a variety of emergencies, by 

industrial and business managers to deal with disasters or potential 

disaster situations, and studies of people's behavior in escaping from 

complex structures in fires. 

A variety of specific measurement methodologies, primarily based 

on criterion referenced performance assessment procedures, are also 

cited. These include skill teaching and assessment exercises 

constructed by the Gilbert simulation method, the simulated management 

problem (SMP) approach, judgment and dec is ion-mak ing problems, 

adaptive testing procedures, and mental exercises designed to foster 

retention of complex motor skill performance. Each of these approaches 

has been applied to teach and assess proficiency of critical 

nonroutine skills in fields other than mining. Examples of how these 

and similar methods can be applied to underground coal mine 

emergencies comprise a major portion of this report. 

Current Version of the Bibliography 

This bibliography was continually updated, and grew through the 
Measuring Mine Health & Safety Skills Page 7 ....................................................................... 

life of the project. The current version includes literature 

references in the following areas: 1) first aid; 2) self-rescue and 

escape including emergency breathing apparatus instruction and use; 

3) cognitive psychology, instructional design and training materials; 

4) accident analysis and prevention; 5) criterion referenced 

performance assessment; 6) judgment and decision-making; 7) adaptive 

testing; and 8) readability analysis, scripts, and story grammar. No 

further attempt has been made to classify the bibliography into 

categories. Many articles overlap among categories. Articles and 

reports are arranged in alphabetic order to ensure easy access to 

referenced authors. This bibliography can most easily be used in 

conjunction with the project final report and two earlier technical 

reports. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY 

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_---_______________---------------------------------------------------- 

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