By J. K. Richmond, G. C. Price, M. J. Sapko, 

and E. M. Kawenski 

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

James G. Watt, Secretary 

BUREAU OF MINES 

Robert C. Horton, Director 
Historical summary of coal mine explosions in the United States, 

1959-8 1. 

(Information circular / United States Department of the Interior, 

Bureau of Mines) ; 8909. 

Bibliography: p. 21-22. 

1. Mine explosions-United States-History. 2. Coal mines and 

mining-United States-Accidents. I. Richmond, J. K. (James Kenneth). 

11. Series: Information circular (United States. Bureau of Mines) ; 

8909. 

TN 295.U4 [TN313] 363.1'19622334'0973 82-600256 

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office 

Washington, D.C. 20402 
PREFACE 

This report is a sequel to Bulletin 586, which summarized 148 years of 

coal mine explosions up to 1958, Although it was impossible to reproduce the drama and depth of the 1959 report, the present authors attempt 

to follow the same format, so that the reader will have a continuous 

record for another 23 years, 

Even though the frequency and severity of major coal mine explosions 

have been reduced dramatically since the early days, problems remain and 

the threat still hangs over the heads of the miners and operators, For 

example, 28 miners were killed in 3 explosions in December 1981 and January 1982, too late for the accidents to be fully reviewed, 

Included in this summary are analyses of the causes of ignition and 

explosions (to the extent known), and a brief review of how modern mining methods have changed the nature of hazards encountered and how safety research and enforcement of safety regulations have contributed to 

the reduction of disasters, Also included are brief reviews of the Federal mine health and safety acts of 1969 and 1977, with an estimate of 

how these laws have affected the coal mine explosion problem, The Mine 

Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) has increased safety in mines by 

more frequent and more thorough inspections, and by assessment of more 

severe penalties for noncompliance with safety regulations, Hopefully, 

hazards can be reduced still further through current research at the 

Bureau of Mines and by its research contractors, 
CONTENTS 

Page 

Preface .............am.a..................................m.................... 

Abstract ...........a.mmmm..amm..m..am.m.....a..m..m.........am....m...m.m...... 

Introduction .........mm...mm.a.m...mm.m.m..mm.m...m.....maa.........m.a........ 

Acknowledgments ....mmaammmm.m...ma...a.m.m...m.am......ma.aa..a...m...mmm...... 

Major explosions. 1959-81 ...................................................... Analysis of 18 major explosions of 1959-81 ..................................... The Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969 ................ma.......... 

The Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 ..............am....a............ 

How new mining methods have changed the nature of hazard^.............^.^...... 

Research being conducted to correct problems .............m..m..am.m...m.....mm. 

Suppression of ignitions and explosion^............^.^^....^^^.......^.... 

Methane detection ......................................................... Coal dust hazard detection ...............m...........m.m.......a...m.m.

Prevention of frictional ignition .............m..mm..m..m.....m..m.m...

Methane drainage .......................................................... Research on explosives ........a..m......a....m..a..ammmm....m........m..... 

Conclusions ..........m..m.am.am.a.mm.mm.ma.mm...........m..m..m.....m.a........ 

Final note ...............m.m.m.mm.mm.ammm..am..a.m...m.m..a..m..m..m...am.ma.m. 

References ..................................................................... Appendix ...........mm.a.am..m.m.mm.mmmmm.m..ma..m.....m.......a.......m........ 

ILLUSTRATIONS 

1 . Explosion area. Phillips and West Coal Co . . No . 1 Mine. Robbins . TN. 

March 23. 1959 ...................aa.am.m..m.....m.a....m..m.........

2 . Explosion area. Viking Mine. Terre Haute. IN. March 2. 1961 .............. 3. Explosion area. Blue Blaze Coal Co., Mine No . 2. Herrin. IL. January 10. 

1962.m.a...m...m........m~a~~~~~~~~~~

Explosion area. Robena No . 3. Carmichaels. PA. December 6. 1962 .......... Explosion area. C . L. Kline Coal Co., No . 2 Mine. near Robbins. TN. 

May 24. 1965 ................ma................m........................ 

Explosion area. Siltex Mine. Mt . Hope. WV. July 23. 1966 ................. Explosion area. River Queen Mine No . 1. Greenville. KY. August 7. 1968 ... Detail of River Queen Mine ............................................... Explosion area. Finley Coal Co., Nos . 15 and 16 Mines. Hyden. KY. 

December 30. 1970 .................am..m.......m.m....................m

Detail of explosion area. Finley Coal Co.. No . 15 Mine ................... Detail of explosion area. Finley Coal Co.. No . 16 Mine .................a* 

Explosion area. Itmann No . 3 Mine. Itmann. WV. December 16. 1972 ......... Explosion area. Scotia Mine. Whitesburg. KY. March 9 and 11. 1976 ........ Explosion area. Dutch Creek Mine. Redstone. CO. ~~ril 15. 1981 ........... Number of frictional ignitions and associated injuries and fatalities per 

year. 1959-80 ..............m......m.....m..m.....m..m.......m....

Number of nonfrictional ignitions and associated injuries and fatalities 

per year. 1959-80 ............m.m......a..a...m.a..mm.m.m..m....a....... 

Number of minor ignitions and explosions by cause. 1959-80. .............. TABLES 

A.1 . Ignitions and explosions. 1959-68 ........................................ A-2 . Ignitions and explosions. 1969-80 ........................................ A-3 . Ignitions and explosions classified by cause. 1959-68 .................... 
TABLES.. Continued 

Page 

A.4 . Summary of injuries by cause. 1959-68 .................................... 46 

A-5 . Summary of fatalities by cause. 1959-68 .................................. 47 

A-6 . Ignitions and explosions classified by cause. 1969-80 .................... 47 

A-7 . Summary of injuries by cause. 1969-80 .................................... 48 

A-8 . Summary of fatalities by cause. 1969-80 .................................. 48 

A-9 . Frictional and/or methane ignitions in surface facilities. 1959-79 ....... 49 
HISTORICAL SUMMARY OF COAL MINE EXPLOSIONS IN THE UNITED STATES, 1959-81 

By J. K. Richmond, G. C. PriceI2 M. J. Sopko, and E. M. Kawenski 

ABSTRACT 

This Bureau of Mines publication presents investigators' reports of all 

major coal mine explosion disasters that occurred in the United States 

from 1959 through November 1981, along with a brief analysis of common 

factors in these disasters, The report reviews the Federal mine health 

and safety acts of 1969 and 1977, and discusses how implementation of 

these acts has reduced the number of both fatalities and disasters, 

Current Bureau health and safety research is summarized, and an appendix 

lists most of the ignitions and explosions in the period of record, 

l~u~ervisor~ research physicist, Pittsburgh Research Center, Bureau of Mines, 

Pittsburgh, PA. inin in^ engineer, Safety Technology Center, Mine Safety and Health Administration, 

Pittsburgh, PA. 

3Research chemical engineer, Pittsburgh Research Center, Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, PA. 

Ichief, Industrial Safety Division, Safety Technology Center, Mine Safety and 

Health Administration, Pittsburgh, PA. (Retired). 
INTRODUCTION 

In 1959-81 there were 20 major explosions in U.S. coal mines; i.e., explosions in which 5 or more miners were 

killed. This publication, a sequel to 

Information Circular 7900 (9) ,5 represents a joint effort by thy Bureau of 

Mines (BOM) and the Mine Safety and 

Health Administration (MSHA) to include 

in one document both the reports of 18 of 

these accidents and related research and 

supporting information. Two accidents in 

December 1981 and one in January 1982 

occurred too late for their full reports 

to be included. 

Accident reports in general came from 

BOM or MSHA inspectors and/or field investigators; BOM technical personnel 

sometimes contributed additional data. 

Most of the reports of the 18 major explosions of 1959-81 are printed herein 

verbatim, as a matter of historical record, with occasional comment by the 

present authors, by footnote or in the 

analysis sections. Unfortunately , much 

relevant information, especially in connection with the largest disasters, is 

not available because of sealing of mines 

or because of litigation and impoundment 

of records by the courts. 

It should be pointed out that the most 

violent explosions (relative to extent 

and property damage) did not necessarily 

cause the most deaths because sometimes 

there happened to be few miners underground when the explosion occurred. It 

should also be noted that although mechanization has tended to decrease the 

accident rate per ton of coal mined 

(because of higher productivity), it has 

had less effect on the accident rate per 

miner-hour worked. 

All ignitions and explosions provide 

useful and necessary data for safety 

research. This report describes safety 

research that is directed to both longand short-term solutions. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

The authors would like to acknowledge also like to pay their respects to H. B. 

the assistance of their colleagues at Humphrey for his great work on the histhe Bruceton Safety Technology Center of torical record of coal mine explosions, 

MSHA and at the Pittsburgh Research Cen- published in 1959 as Bureau of Mines 

ter of the Bureau of Mines. They would Information Circular 7900. 

MAJOR EXPLOSIONS, 1959-81 

PHILLIPS AND WEST COAL CO. 

NO. 1 MINE 

ROBBINS, TN 

MARCH 23, 1959 - 9 KILLED 

(SEE FIGURE 1) 

The mine was classified non-gassy by 

the Tennessee Division of Mines,G Preshift , on-shaf t , and weekly examinat ions 

for gas and other hazards were not made. 

No flame safety lamps were available at 

the mine.7 

bnderlined numbers in parentheses refer to items in the list of references 

preceding the appendix. 

6~~~ classification not available. 

The fan was started each morning shortly before the men entered the mine and 

stopped when the shift was completed, 

This fan was not in operation between the 

completion of the shlft on Friday and 

6:40 a.m. Monday; the explosion occurred 

at approximately 7:30 a.m. Eight of the 

inby eleven stoppings in the main entries 

were constructed of brattice cloth and 

three were open. There was also a 32- 

inch opening in one of the permanent 

stoppings 550-feet outby the face of the 

a 

entries.8 

gassy classification. 

8~ source of leakage. 
g, 

erated from a faulted or "pinched" zone 

occurring in rooms adjacent to the active 

working area accumulated during the period the mine fan was down. When the fan 

was started, this gas migrated through 

the brattice cloth stoppings and/or open 

crosscuts to the haulage road where it 

was ignited by arcing when the trolley 

wheel of the locomotive left the wire 

or by workers smoking. All nine men 

underground died of burns or toxious gas 

fumes resulting from the gas and dust 

explosion. 

VIKING MINE 

TERM HAUTE, IN 

MARCH 2, 1961 - 22 KILLED 

(SEE FIGURE 2) 

An air dust explosion, originating near 

the intersection of 4-North Right "B" and 

the 4-North Right "B" entry. These conditions could have permitted methane to 

accumulate. 

Permissible equipment in the active 

faces of the explosion area consisted of 

Jeffrey Colmols and Joy Loading machines; 

nonpermissible face equipment consisted 

of Joy 6SC shuttle cars. However, the 

permissible equipment was not maintained 

in a permissible manner. Smoker's articles were listed among the personal effects of many of the victims including 

the foreman. Underground employees were 

not searched for smoker's articles before 

entering the mine. Either an electrical 

arc or open flame could have initiated 

this explosion. 

Y"stopping with door" on map. 
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TI 'NIMIHH 

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U 

LEGEND Note: 
LEGEND * Check curtain Masonry stopping - Intake air Bodies 

- Return oir j(= Overcast 

- Direction of forces 3Z Metal stopplng 

-* Trock 

Origin of explosion L 

0 100 200 

Scale, feet 

FIGURE 4. - Explosion area, Robena No. 3, 

Carmichaels, PA, December 6, 1962. 

Serious and prolonged interruption of 

the ventilation current permitted an accumulation of methane in the working 

faces, An airlock door was found blocked 

open, a check curtain was rolled up and 

wrapped with wire, possibly a man door 

was left open, and stoppings and/or 

curtains removed to facilitate moving 

equipment lnay not have been replaced, 

Inadequate testing for methane allowed 

the accumulation of methane to remain 

undetected, 1 1 

The greater part of the permissibletype electrical face equipment in the 

mine was not maintained in permissible 

condition, The loading machine was the 

only piece of electrical equipment in 

operation at the working face when the 

''A common factor in many mine disasters reported here. 

explosion occurred, The bottom Inspection cover was missing from the main 

motor housing of this machine. The commutator on this motor had high and low 

bars and heavy arcing was indicated at 

the brushes. It is presumed that this 

arcing was the source of the ignition. 

Coal dust picked up from roadway spillage and accumulations at the belt tailpiece and transfer points aided in the 

widespread propagation of the explosidn. Satisfactory rockdusting adjacent 

to and outby 3-Panel prevented the further spread at the explosion. 

CARBON FUEL CO. 

NO. 2 MINE 

HELPER, UT 

DECEMBER 16, 1963 - 9 KILLED, 1 INJURED 

This disaster was caused by the ignition of a body of methane and coal dust 

initiated by frictional heat or sparks or 

by an electrical arc. 

Methane was liberated in the face of 

No, 4 dip entry and accumulated because 

check curtains were not erected; the line 

canvas was poorly constructed and terminated 36 feet from the face. An inoperative water pump on the left side of 

the continuous mining machine permitted 

excessive float dust to collect in the 

return airway, This and coal dust from 

coal being transported on the belt conveyor provided fuel for propagation. 

Possible ignition sources were an electric arc from permissible face equipment with permissibility deficiencies 

or frictional heat or sparks from the 

miner bits rubbing against or cutting top 

rock, 

This explosion points out two common 

weaknesses, In a slightly gassy mine 

enough attention is not given to directing the ventilation current to the working faces and tests for gas are not made 

frequently enough to determine whether a 

dangerous gas condition is developing. 
C, L, KLINE COAL CO, 

NO, 2 MINE 

(NEAR) ROBBINS, TN 

MAY 24, 1965 - 5 KILLED 

(SEE FIGURE 5) 

An explosion, originating in the face 

area of the left main aircourse, killed 

all five men in the mine, The explosion 

occurred when a methane accumulation was 

ignited by a cigarette lighter. The 

methane was emitted from crevices in the 

roof near the face, 

The mine was classified non-gassy by 

the State. The owner-operator was the 

only one that possessed a flame safety 

lamp, He reportedly made a gas check 

during his pre-shif t examination. 

Ventilation was inadequate, The mine 

fan was not capable of supplying air flow 

appropriate to the size of the mine, 

Also, the inby eight stoppings in the 

mains were constructed of brattice cloth 

and the left main aircourse was advanced 

300 feet inby the last crosscut with a 

line curtain terminated 25 feet from the 

face. 

Dust from coal on the conveyors and 

from spillage along the conveyor lines 

entered into the propagation, 

MARS NO, 2 

WILSONBURG, WV 

OCTOBER 16, 1965 - 7 KILLED 

A stripped down continuous miner was 

being trammed into the mine, Rubber conveyor belting was used to insulate the 

miner from the trolley and trolley feeder 

wires, However, the traction pump drive 

of the miner came in contact with the energized trolley and/or trolley feeder 

line, The ensuring electric arcing ignited the belting, coal, hydraulic oil 

and oil lines, Disconnect switches were 

not installed in the trolley and trolley 

feeder lines to permit timely and effective deenergizing of the circuit. 

LEGEND 

=k Permanent stopping 

Check curtain A Glen 1C mary coalbed - Intake air 

JV inches thick - Return air 

Door 

Note: Forces extend to mine ~ortals 

Left main air course' 

FIGURE 5. - Explosion area, C. 1. Kline Coal Co., No. 2 Mine, near Robbins, TN, May 24, 1965. 
Two foremen and five workmen inby the 

fire died of asphixiation while a crew 

tramming a miner outby the fire escaped 

uninjured, 

The mine fan was stopped to prevent 

fanning of the fire by the air current, 

It was restarted after 15 to 20 minutes 

because smoke was backing up in the entry 

Shortly after restarting the fan an explosion occurred when the distillate byproducts were coursed over the fire by 

the renewed air currents, 

No attempt was made to short-circuit 

contaminated air from the inby workings, 

Only 2 of 13 self-rescuers found in the 

possession of the 7 victims showed evidence of attempts to use them.12 

DUTCH CREEK MINE 

REDSTONE, CO 

DECEMBER 28, 1965 - 9 KILLED 

A gas and coal dust explosion killed 9 

of 30 workers in the mine, The other 21 

escaped uninjured, 

Face ventilation was interrupted by 20 

to 25 tons of coal piled on the floor by 

the continuous miner, Methane feeders 

were present at the face and a coal bump 

released additional gas, The gas was ignited either by a blown splice in the 

loading machine cable or by arcing from 

an exposed power conductor in the shuttle 

car cable. The gas ignition propagated13 

cog1 dust from the piled coal or spillage 

along the tramway, 

SILTIX MINE 

MOUNT HOPE, WV 

JULY 23, 1966 - 7 KILLED, 2 INJURED 

(SEE FIGURE 6) 

Methane from feeders and from pillar 

falls was ignited by an electric arc or 

120xygen self-rescuer could have saved 

these. 

spark, Coal dust played avery minor 

role in this disaster. Eleven men, 

trapped inby the explosion area, erected 

a barricade and remained behind this barricade until rescued about 1-112 hours 

later, 

Ventilation in the explosion area was 

insufficient, Poorly constructed temporary stoppings, no line brattice in 

continuous miner places, lack of a regulator on air splits, and lack of a 

bleeder system combined to add to the 

hazard, The foreman was the only person 

on the section with a flame safety lamp. 

Sufficient lamps were not available at 

the mine to provide a lamp for the operator of each piece of face electric 

equipment, 

The combination of a damp to wet section, rockdusting, and opened areas for 

explosion expansion inhibited propagation 

and caused the explosion forces to dissipate rapidly. 

All electric equipment in the area was 

found to be in a non-permissible condition, Arcs or sparks at the cable-reel 

collector ring assembly of a shuttle car 

was the igniting agent, The explosion 

originated in the vicinity of the pillars 

being removed near the left edge of the 

map of Figure 6. 

RIVER QUEEN UNDERGROUND MINE NO, 1 

GREENVILLE , KY 

AUGUST 7, 1968 - 9 KILLED, 2 INJURED 

(SEE FIGURES 7 AND 8) 

Permissible explosives, stored on a 

coal drill 45 feet from and in direct 

line with the face, were detonated by 

blasted material expelled from the coal 

face, Coal dust was involved to some 

degree, but propagation was short lived. 

Methane was not a factor, 

I31nitiated an explosion in the coal 

 US t 
FIGURE 6. - Explosion area, Si ltex Mine, Mt. Hope, WV, July 23, 1966 

CONSOL NO. 9 

FARMI NGTON , WV 

NOVEMBER 20, 1968--78 KILLED 

The destruction due to this explosion, 

added to that caused by secondary explosions for several days afterwards, followed by final sealing of the mine prevented a complete investigation and the 

issuance of an official report. As of 

this writing, 13.years later, some of the 

bodies remain sealed in the mine, with 

the cause of the explosion sealed with 

them. 

The following information is from an 

interview of Lewis Evans, Safety Director 

of the United Mine Workers of America 

(12). The first explosion took place at 

5:30 a.m., November 20. The 21 men who 

escaped came out shortly afterwards. 

Eleven escaped through the slope, two 

came out Atha's Run Portal, and eight 

were lifted by bucket up the Mahsn shaft. 

After the explosion destroyed the shaft 

at Llewellyn Portal, fire and smoke 

belched forth, making conditions too hazardous even to consider putting mine rescue teams into the mine because of the 

danger of more explosions. 

A succession of recordable explosions 

did take place. As of November 29 there 

had been 24 plus innumerable smaller 

"pops " and "puffs. " Undamaged fans were 

kept running for a while in an effort 

to supply fresh air, but within 24 hours 

large fires developed along with dangerous levels of carbon monoxide and 

methane. 
LEGEND 

--- ~~~;oximate limits of flame 

- Intake air 

-- Return air 

-- Direction of forces 

Bodies 

@ Injured survivor 

0 Uninjured survivor 

3= Blown out stopping 

1 Permanent stopping 

= Temporary stopping 

man uninjured 

FIGURE 7. - Explosion area, River Queen Mine 

No. 1, Greenville, KY, August 7, 1968. 

Another shaft that was damaged by the 

explosion was at Mod's Run. An attempt 

was made to seal the two portals at this 

location with 26 tons of steel and concrete on each shaft in what proved to be 

a vain attempt to cool off the fire. The 

seals were of short duration, being destroyed by subsequent explosions only minutes after placement , 

The Mod's Run portals were later successfully sealed by dumping into each of 

them 500 tons of coarse limestone. This 

amount was put into each shaft, and this 

semiseal held until final decision to 

seal off all of the mine was made, 

Consol No. 9 Mine was among the largest 

in the United States, Its underground 

tunnels extended through the West Virginia hills in a space roughly 10 miles 

by 6 miles. It worked three production 

shifts per day, and its crew of 380 men, 

u 0 50 100 

LEGEND u 

- Intake air Scale, feet 

---+ Return air 

Direction of forces 

Bodies 

Temporary stopping blown out 

3K Permanent stopping blown out 

FIGURE 8. - Detail of River Queen Mine. 

320 of whom worked underground, produced 

9,500 tons of coalper day. It was a 

very gassy mine, releasing from 7 to 9 

million cubic feet of methane per day, 

Consol No, 9 Mine was located in the 

Pittsburgh coal seam, 

Fourteen years and one week prior to 

this explosion the same mine had blown 

up, killing 16 men (Nov, 13, 1954). Upon 

the present occasion, the mine was sealed 

and partially reopened 6 months later, at 

which time some of the bodies were recovered, These two blasts were considered 

by some to have been the most violent up 

to that time, The Bureau of Mines had 

inspected this mine 3 months before the 

disaster and the State of West Virginia 

2 weeks before, 
LEGEND 

- htde ow I Permmcnt slopp~w 

- , Return or 3C Fwmonnl r?opp!n( blown out 

- Dnlcllon d form Z Ched cue 

.. Bodla 3C Check curtam blown wl 

FIGURE 9. - Explosion area, Finley Coal Co., Nos. 

15 and 16 Mines, Hyden, KY, December 30, 1970. 

Detonator box 

cable 

1-Z8</ LEGEND 

Bodies 

a ~iner's hat 

No. 5 entry ? 5 I0 

Scale, feet 

FIGURE 11. - Detail of explosion area, Finley 

Coal Co., No. 16 Mine. 
Primacord was available in a storage 

area on the surface and was found at the 

blast site and other places underground. 

During clean-up of the rock from the 

loading point, only one set of leg wires 

was found. If electric detonators rather 

than Primacord were used to initiate the 

blast, there should have been at least 

100 sets of leg wires in the blasted 

material. Testimony also indicated that 

wads of paper or brattice cloth were used 

to stem holes drilled for loading points. 

(This would constitute an unconfined 

shot. ) 

The mine was classified non-gassy 

and methane was not a factor in this 

explosion. 

More background information was supplied by an article "Disaster at Hurricane Creek" in Popular Mechanics (1). 

Two state inspections and four federal 

inspections during the preceding nine 

months had revealed excessive coal dust 

and other combustible materials, insufficient rock dust, and other violations. 

The disaster occurred exactly one year 

after the 1969 Act became law. The coal 

dust explosion was so extensive that dust 

and other materials were expelled from 

all eight openings of the mine. (Nonpermissible explosives were used in a 

non-permissible manner.) In the previous 

August, one man had lost his eyesight, 

and a second suffered cuts and a ruptured 

eardrum, due to the accidental detonation 

of explosives underground. The account 

states that 120 shots were fired in 

blasting a "boom hole" in the roof, even 

though safety regulations permit only 20 

shots to be fired at once. A physician 

found that 31 or 32 had died instantly 

from the blast, and the rest probably 

from carbon monoxide. Thirty four widows 

and 103 children were left to mourn the 

loss. 

ITMANN NO. 3 MINE 

ITMANN, WV 

DECEMBER 16, 1972 - 5 KILLED, 3 INJURED 

(SEE FIGURE 12) 

This explosion resulted from the ignition of a methane-air mixture in the 

track-belt entry about 1,000-feet outby 

the working faces. The methane was 

ignited by an electric arc from a portal 

bus being used to transport the section 

crew to the surface. The electric arc 

occurred when the trolley-pole harp lost 

electrical contact with the trolley wire. 

The investigators were of the opinion 

that in addition to the usual methane 

liberation in the entry, excessive pressure from the adjacent strata released 

/ Duster CABIN CREEK 4-PANEL 

L/ rLFlat car 8 7 Continuous Shuttle Portal bus 

miner car Feeder 6eOrigi: explosion of 

LEGEND 

712 Permanent stopping 

Check curtain 

- Intake air 

- Return air 

+ Direction of forces 

Bodies 

o Injured man 

Posts 

1 

Detail of portal bus 

Belt 

Trolley 

Track 

wire 

FIGURE 12. - Explosion area, ltmann No. 3 Mine, Itmann, WV, December 16, 1972. 
additional methane shortly before the 

explosion occurred.14 Of the eight men 

in the portal bus at the time of the explosion, five were killed and 3 seriously 

burned. 

This was primarily a methane explosion 

and coal dust entered into propagation 

only to a minor degree. 

SCOTIA MINE 

WHITESBURG, KY 

MARCH 9, 1976 - 15 KILLED 

MARCH 11, 1976 - - 11 KILLED 

26 KILLED 

(SEE FIGURE 13) 

Because of the controversial' nature of 

some aspects of this disaster and the 

lack of publication of an official account, we will confine this account to 

information included in a report published by the House Education and Labor 

Then the second explosion occurred, and 

all but the two roof bolters were killed, 

The second explosion was more severe 

than the first, apparently originating 

about 2,000 feet from the origin of the 

first explosion, About 12 hours later, 

the rescue team found the 11 bodies, but 

was withdrawn without removing them because of imminent danger of another explosion, The mine was sealed, to be 

opened approximately a year later, 

The Labor Standards Subcommittee of the 

House Education and Labor Committee published a report charging the Scotia Coal 

Co. with responsibility for the first 

explosion and MESA for the second. The 

No. 2 Southeast main had not been firebossed prior to the entry of the two locomotives; apparently inadequate ventilation prevailed in this section. Similar 

committee, and a Grand Jury charge. 

Two explosions occurred within 60 hours 

of each other, both apparently originating from ignitions of methane, although 

the mine had not been considered excessively gassy. It had been producing 

about 250,000 cubic feet of methane per 

day. Both explosions are considered to 

have originated in the No. 2 Southeast LEGEND 

--- Limit of flame mains. Two mining ~ocomotives were in - Direction of flame travel 

the area, both equipped with battery- Permanent stoppings # Overcasts operated air compressors. There were al- - ~mck 

so two methane "feeders" in this area. 

Nine men were killed almost instantly by 

the explosion on March 9, and six more 

survived for a while by taking refuge in 

No. 2 left off 2-Southeast, but were 

eventually overcome. In about 18 hours, 

rescue teams had recovered all bodies. 

Mine Enforcement and Safety Administration (MESA) inspectors determined that a 

roof fall had occurred over a track entry, so roof bolters were called in, in 

order that further inspection could proceed. On March 11, in mid-afternoon, a 

13-n crew entered, including 3 Federal 

inspectors and 10 company employees. 

FIGURE 13. - Explosion area, Scot ia Mine, 

I4perhaps there was evidence of an Whitesburg, KY, March 9 and 11, 1976. 

outbust 
hazardous conditions existed prior to Entries 

LEGEND 

--- Limit of flame 

ft Permanent stoppings 

# Overcasts 

'*"- Track 

Bodies 

the second explosion. The above report 

was reviewed in Coal Age (6). Later, 

coal Age (5) reported Grand Jury charges 

that the dTsaster was caused by the lack 

of adequate ventilation in all sections, 

failure t.o fire boss, and submission of 

false records. The Blue Diamond Coal 

Co. (owner of the mine) has sued MESA 

for responsibility for mine damage due 

to the second explosion, and widows of 

the first explosion were suing Blue 

Diamond. 

FERRELL MINE NO. 17, WESTMORELAND 

COAL CO. 

BOONE COUNTY, WV 

NOVEMBER 7, 1980--5 KILLED 

The following account was taken from 

newspaper reports and from coal ~ge (5) 

Five men, all maintenance workers, were 

removing track in an unused portion of 

the mine about 1 mile away from any other 

work crew when the explosive occurred, 

Another 70 men working in different parts 

of the mine escaped without injury, The 

blast resulted from an ignition of methane in the presence of inadequate ventilation, A spark from a "locomotive-type" 

vehicle the men used to get to their 

workplace may have set off the explosion, 

according to a company representative, 

The blast was so strong it blew large 

cinder blocks 150 feet and overturned a 

conveyor belt several hundred feet away, 

Apparently, the men were killed instantly. After the explosion, toxic or noxious gases, including methane, hampered 

rescue, so that a day passed before the 

bodies were reached. 

DUTCH CREEK NO, 1 MINE 

MID CONTINENT RESOURCES CO, 

REDSTONE, CO 

APRIL 15, 1981--15 KILLED 

(SEE FIGURE 14) 

The blast occurred at about 4:15 P.M, 

MST, when 22 men were in the mine, 

Three men came out uninjured, four were 

slightly injured, while the remaining 

15 were killed, almost instantly, when a 

coal dust, methane-air mixture was ignited after a bump occurred at the working face, The same mine was the scene of 

FIGURE 14. - Explosion area, Dutch Creek 

Mine, Redstone, CO, April 15, 1981. 

an explosion that killed nine men on 

December 31, 1965, 

Within 38 hours after the explosion all 

15 bodies had been removed, The working 

areas were reached by a 15-degree slope 

which was partially flooded by water when 

the blast knocked out power to the pumps, 

The location of the blast was about 7,000 

feet from the mine portal, The mine had 

been considered very gassy. A recent report by MSHA listed the following contributing factors: 

1, Large amounts of methane and coal 

dust were dispersed over wide areas by 

the bump, 

2, Face ventilation was disturbed by 

the destruction of brattice by the coal 

outburst. 

3. The methanometer in the continuous 

miner located near the face of the 102 

longwall entry shut off the main power 

to the machine but not to the lighting 

circuit, 
4. The lighting circuit had been de- died as a result of concussive blast 

energized by throwing its two-pole switch 

to off. 

5. The switch enclosure was later determined to be a non-permissible condition by virtue of a wire being caught 

under the lid. There was evidence of a 

flame propagating out of this enclosure 

so the latter is assumed to have been the 

ignition source. 

6. Three of the six victims in the 

immediate face area of the 102 Section 

injuries, two as a result of carbon monoxide poisoning, and one as a result of 

a combination of concussive blast injuries and carbon monoxide poisoning. 

The two victims near the shuttle car 

further outby in the 102 Section died as 

a result of concussive blast injuries 

caused by the explosion. The victim in 

the face of the No. 2 entry of the 102 

section, and all six men in the Slope 

Section died as a result of carbon monoxide poisoning. 

ANALYSIS OF 18 MAJOR EXPLOSIONS OF 1959-81 

Eighteen maj or explosions are reported 

here, mostly verbatim from inspector's 

reports, often with only speculation as 

to the cause. Twelve were apparently 

caused by the electrical ignition of 

methane-air mixtures in areas where the 

normal ventilation had been seriously interrupted in the process of mining or 

transport. In most of these cases, coal 

dust contributed to the explosion. When 

methane is present, very much more rock 

dust is required to inert the coal dust; 

so much more, in fact, that such protection is very unlikely. To increase the 

incombustible content from 65% to 80%, 

more than twice as much rock dust is required. Even the 65% value required by 

law has a very small safety factor when 

considerable float dust is present. A 

mixture containing 70% incombustible with 

80% of the coal passing through 200 mesh 

will propagate a strong explosion in a 

mixture of Pittsburgh pulverized coal 

dust (36% volatile matter) and rock dust 

(20). Although Richmond (20) listed surveys indicating that the fKeness of coal 

dust has been increasing over recent 

years, chiefly as a result of the use of 

continuous mining machines and longwall 

systems, regulations have not been 

changed to reflect this new situation. 

In some cases, supposedly permissible 

equipment was not so, or ignitions occurred outby the last open crosscut, 

where permissible equipment was not 

required. 

Two explosions occurred as a direct 

result of a methane outburst, during 

attempts to ventilate the large quantity 

of gas, but nonpermissible or defective 

electrical equipment ignited the gas. 

In one case, fuel-rich fumes from a 

fire were recirculated over the fire 

(improper ventilation) and ignited. Two 

disasters resulted from the improper use 

of explosives underground, resulting in 

the direct ignition of dust clouds, in 

the absence of methane. Damage resulting 

from the worst disaster at Consol No. 9 

was so severe that no cause could be 

reported, but the mine was gassy, so one 

might assume that improper ventilation 

was a major contributing factor. 

THE FEDERAL COAL MINE HEALTH AND SAFETY ACT OF 1969 (PUBLIC LAW 91-173)15 

In the preamble to Public Law 91-173, 

Congress declared that the first priority 

I3safety Act passed December 30, 1969, 

but Part 75, Mandatory Safety standard - 

Underground Coal Mines, was not published 

initially in the Federal Register until 

November 20, 1970. 

and concern of all in the coal mining industry mst be the health and safety of 

its most precious resource--the miner; 

that there is a need to provide safer 

working conditions in the Nation's coal 

mines and to prevent occupational diseases; and that the existence of unsafe 

and unhealthful working conditions is a 
serious impediment to the growth of the 

mining industry and to the growth of 

commerce. 

The purpose of this act was to establish interim mandatory health and safety 

standards, by direction to the Secretary 

of Health, Education, and Welfare, and 

Secretary of the Interior; to require 

operators and miners to comply with such 

standards; to cooperate with and assist 

the States in setting up health and safety programs; and to improve and expand 

research, development, and training programs aimed at preventing coal mine accidents and occupationally caused diseases. 

Among the many impacts this law has had 

are the following: 

1. Established an advisory committee 

on coal mine health research. 

2. Established right of entry into 

mines, with frequent entry. 

3. Conferred power to issue withdrawal 

orders, with appeals, reviews, etc., upon 

finding that imminent danger exists. 

4. Empowered the Secretary to issue 

injunctions in case of refusal to comply 

with orders. 

5. Established civil and criminal 

penalties. 

6. Established interim health standards, including those for respirable 

dust, medical examinations, and noise. 

7. Established interim safety standards covering roof support, ventilation, 

methane monitoring, combustible materials and rock dusting, electrical equipment, trailing cables, grounding, high-, 

medium-, and low-voltage circuits, fires, 

blasting and explosives, etc. 

An important section (title IV) dealt 

with black lung (pneumoconiosis) benefits 

before and after December 31, 1972. 

Title V included a significant section 

requiring the Secretary of the Interior 

and the Secretary of Health, Education, 

and Welfare to conduct research to improve working conditions regarding both 

safety and health, to publish reports, 

etc. To assist with this research, the 

Secretaries may enter into contracts 

with, and make grants to, public and private agencies and organizations and individuals. Information so developed shall 

be available to the general public. 

Funds were appropriated to carry out this 

research--$20 million for the fiscal year 

ending June 30, 1970; $25 million for the 

fiscal year ending June 30, 1971; and 

$30 million for the fiscal year ending 

June 30, 1972, and for each succeeding 

fiscal year thereafter. The actual appropriations in fiscal years 1974-79 follow, in millions: 

FY 74 - $27.1 

FY 75 - $27.5 

FY 76 - $29.2 

Transition - $ 7.5 

FY 77 - $29.2 

FY 78 - $40.9 

FY 79 - $47.8 

Among the immediate impacts of this act 

were increases in the number of coal mine 

inspectors and in the frequency of inspection; and a large increase in the 

amount of health and safety research, 

both in-house and by contract, resulting 

in many new techniques, devices, and systems to improve health and safety, along 

with more mandatory and advisory regulations. Training programs expanded rapidly, and the Coal Mine Health and Safety 

Academy was established in Beckley, WV, 

in 1971. 

In the 10 years following the passing 

of the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969, the number of major explosions was only one-third of that in 

the previous 10 years, and there were two 

4-year periods with no major explosions. 
THE FEDERAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT OF 1977 (PUBLIC LAW 95-164) 

The following paragraphs summarize violations. The Federal Mine Safety and 

Public Law 95-164 with emphasis on its Health Review Commission is established, 

modifications to the Federal Coal Mine consisting of five members, appointed by 

Health and Safety Act of 1969 (public the President by and with the advice and 

Law 91-173). consent of the Senate. 

The purpose of the act of 1977 is the 

same as that of the act of 1969, except 

it includes all other mines, as well as 

coal mines. The Federal Metal and Nonmetallic Mine Safety Act and the Federal 

Coal Mine Safety Act are repealed. Section 405 of the act of November 16, 1973, 

Public Law 95-153 is repealed, "Coal or 

other mine" includes areas from which 

minerals are extracted in nonldquid form, 

or if in liquid form, are extracted with 

workers underground. 

An Interim Compliance Panel of five 

members is established. The Secretary of 

the Interior shall appoint an advisory 

committee on coal or other mine safety 

research, and the Secretary of Health, 

Education, and Welfare shall appoint an 

advisory committee on coal or other mine 

health research. The Secretary of the 

Interior is authorized to institute civil 

action for relief, including injunctions, for violations or interference 

by o'perators with enforcement of this 

act, Penalties have been increased for 

Provision is made in this act for mandatory health and safety training of miners using both initial and refresher 

courses. Regulations include dust from 

drilling rock, and restricting quartz 

content to 5%. More details are provided to regulations concerning roof support, ventilation, combustible material, 

electrical equipment and circuits, fire 

protection, blasting and explosives, etc. 

More funds were authorized for research. 

The Secretary or his/her delegate is 

required to make inspections of each 

underground coal or other mine in its 

entirety at least four times a year and 

of each surface coal or other mine in 

its entirety at least two times a year. 

Amendments include a definition of excessive quantities of methane to be 1 million cubic feet during a 24-hour period. 

The Mine Safety and Health Administration 

(MSHA) is created, and is transferred to 

the Department of Labor, headed by an 

assistant Secretary of Labor, 

HOW NEW MINING METHODS HAVE CHANGED THE NATURE OF HAZARDS t I 

Mining of coal by explosives has diminished to such an extent that ignition of 

dust or gas by permissible explosives 

when properly used is very rare. The 

only documented exception of recent date 

is the Finley disaster of 1970, in which 

nonpermissible explosives were used. But 

the advent of the continuous miner as 

well as longwall mining produced hazards 

of their own, These techniques tend to 

produce more fine dust, which is a hazard 

to both health and safety. As the tables 

show, there has been an enormous increase 

in frictional ignitions of methane, usu 

ally resulting when the bits struck sandstone or pyrites, i 

As deeper seams are mined the methan 

content tends to increase, 

larger fans and greater fan 

Current methane drainage techniques ma 

not work owing to low porosity, lack o 

fracture, and high friability. 
RESEARCH BEING CONDUCTED TO CORRECT PROBLEMS 

SUPPRESSION OF IGNITIONS AND EXPLOSIONS involves triggered barriers, with large 

stored energy and fast response. 

Problem: Most coal mine explosions 

originate with ignitions of methane at METHANE DETECTION 

the face. At greater distances from the 

face, explosions sometimes propagate in Short-Term Research: An accurate perspite of considerable rock dusting. missible methanometer has been made 

available (an improvement over the flame 

Short-Term Research: As required by safety lamp), but requires the tedious 

the 1969 act, the Bureau of Mines con- checking of all working areas, which 

ducted research on suppression of igni- takes time and is all too frequently 

tion at the face (L,g, z, 21) and neglected. 

funded a contract to equip a mining machine with such a system (10). The goal Long-Term Research: The automatic rewas to quench incipient ignition of meth- mote sensing of methane involves failane at the face before noticeable pres- safe procedures including the use of tube 

sure and flame can develop. This re- bundles strategically located, with a required a sophisticated combination of mote gas analyzer (3, - - 8); local fixed gas 

fast detection and efficient quenching. sensors or machine-mounted sensors conUnfortunately, the system has not found nected electrically to a remote alarm or 

practical application. recorder; and an infrared Raman scattering remote methanometer. The latter is 

Long-Term Research: More extensive re- still in the laboratory research stage. 

search has involved passive and triggered Remote detection reduces the hazard of 

barriers to suppress explosion of gas local measurements and provides the opand/or dust which has developed consid- portunity for much more accurate analysis 

erable flame speed and pressure. Much of than is possible with hand-held devices. 

this research is based on European technology already in practice. A detailed COAL DUST HAZARD DETECTION 

description of the performance of stone 

dust barriers, water barriers, and trig- Problem: Coal dust explosions can ocgered barriers in Polish and German mines cur if there are adequate deposits of 

may be found in chapter 9 of Professor fine coal dust inadequately inerted with 

Cybulski's book (7). Passive water bar- rock dust. 

riers were tested-extensively in the Bureau's Experimental Mine at Bruceton, Short-Term Research: Grab sampling 

based on devices developed by the Federal followed by laboratory analysis is an 

Republic of Germany (13). Modifications acceptable technique for hazard detecwere invented to copeyith very low speed tion, but the response time is very slow. 

explosions which might defeat the conventional device (14). For general use, Long-Term Research: A device has been 

as well as for special applications, designed and built to provide a remote 

triggered barriers were tested, using a 

variety of materials, with sophisticated 

sensors which had to respond rapidly to a 

real danger while remaining alert in the 

presence of false alarms (15). Conveyor 

beltways are especially vuKerable to explosion hazards, so a special task was 

devoted to that problem (16). More recent research has been directed toward 

suppression of methane ignition at a 

readout in real time of dust depositions 

in a mine. The system is composed of a 

diaphragm whose natural frequency changes 

as dust is deposited on it. The diaphragm is electromagnetically excited, 

and the frequency is read remotely on a 

separate device. The instantaneous measurement of incombustible content of mine 

dust in place has been made possible by 

another device employing absorption of 

longwall face. Such work necessarily nuclear radiation. 
PREVENTION OF FRICTIONAL IGNITION 

Problem: Frictional ignition due to 

the action of continuous miners on rock 

inclusions shows great potential for 

causing gas explosions. 

Short-Term Research: Frictional ignition is considerably reduced by a lowvolume water spray mounted in back of the 

cutting bits and impacting the freshly 

cut sandstone surface. This result was 

shown by tests conducted in large chambers containing methane-air mixtures and 

full-size cutter bits impacting on sands tone blocks. 

Long-Term Research: Long-range research, both in-house and by contract, 

has been devoted to metallurgical investigations into a nonsparking tool bit and 

to bit shape design and mounting procedures intended to minimize sparking. Reducing cutter speeds also tends to reduce 

incendive sparking. 

METHANE DRAINAGE 

Problem: Most coal seams contain methane which is released upon mining, causing a severe explosion hazard. 

Short-Term Research: The conventional 

method is to ventilate the methane as 

quickly as it is released so that explosive concentrations are never formed except when sudden outbursts occur. 

Long-Term Research: This long-range 

research program has involved a number of 

projects with objective as follows: 

1. To establish by means of data obtained in mine and laboratory studies the 

stratigraphy , lithology, and geologic 

structure conditions that contribute to 

the high and low concentrations of methane in coalbeds; to determine the peculiar composition of gases occurring in 

coal and associated rocks and the factors 

that influence the migration and retention of methane in coalbeds and associated strata; to develop procedures to 

predict the probability of encountering 

coalbed discontinuities. 

2. To test and refine the various 

technologies previously developed to control methane in advance of mining in 

order to make them applicable by the coal 

mining industry. These include horizontal holes from shaft bottoms and from 

multipurpose boreholes, vertical borehole degasif ication, and directional 

drilling from surface locations (2). 

(Vertical borehole technology is effective, but expensive. ) 

RESEARCH ON EXPLOSIVES 

In spite of the reduced use of explosives in the underground mining of coal, 

ignitions of gas or of coal dust by the 

use of explosives sometimes occur. The 

data included in this report indicate 

that about15% ofboth the number of 

major disasters and the number of miners 

killed were the results of the improper 

use of explosives. Research in a number 

of areas, listed below, is designed to 

reduce the explosive hazard potential. 

This information was kindly furnished by 

J. E. Hay, Research Supervisor of the 

Explosives Group of the Bureau's Pittsburgh Research Center. 

Problem: Criteria for permissibility 

sometimes give ambiguous results. 

Research: Several tests are required 

for permissible status (inability to ignite methane). A new proposed test 8 is 

intended to be a replacenent for one of 

them--test 4. The primary advantage of 

test 8 is that it is more quantitative, 

yielding more inf ormation than test 4 on 

the incendivity of an explosive relative 

to other explosives. 

Problem: Leaky water stemming bags can 

cause loss of stemming in the borehole 

with consequent ejection of hot detonation products and the possibility of 

ignition. 

Research: New tests for leakage and 

fragility were devised for water stemming 

devices . Problem: Loose hanging roof and large 

boulders can only be broken down either 
manually or with machinery, involving might result from inadvertent drilling 

loss of efficiency and long exposure of into misfired holes or encountering mispersonnel to hazardous conditions, or the fired explosives in mucking. 

temptation to use unsafe (and illegal) 

forms of blasting. Research: Development of less sensitive detonators has reduced this problem, 

Research: Nonincendive rock breakers and nonincendive detonating cords would 

were developed, containing a built-in give a safe alternative to electrical 

sheath of inhibiting material, such that initiation, which is susceptible to pregas is not ignited. mature initiation by stray currents, 

lightning, etc. 

Problem: Some ex~losives are sensitive 

to accidental impact by friction, etc, Problem: Several instances have occurred in which ignitions have resulted 

Research: New permissible explosives from burning explosives being ejected 

(water gels and emulsions) are less from a borehole, 

sensitive. 

Research: Determination of why and unProblem: Tests have shown that the der what circumstances this occurs is imdetonators are the most sensitive com- portant to specify ways to avoid it, 

ponent to accidental initiation which 

CONCLUSIONS 

In the past 23 years, deaths due to 

coal mine explosions have been reduced 

considerably, compared with the previous 

23 years--from 1,674 in 1936-58, inclusive, to 335 in 1959-81, inclusive, 

Greater volume of air required at face, 

canvas or tubing required closer to face, 

restriction on temporary splices in 

trailing cables, the requirement for permissible electrical equipment to be used 

inby the last open crosscut, and the 

gradual transition from dc to ac power 

systems for mine machinery are the main 

reasons for drop in the number of disasters and the number of fatalities, 

New and improved techniques in mining, 

designed to increase productivity, often 

substitute new problems for old, so that 

safety research must continue to advance, 

to cope with the new problems, Also, 

many disasters are the result of gross 

negligence and violation of known safety 

rules, and safety research designed to 

reduce disasters of this nature becomes 

very expensive, because such research 

focuses on developing "fail safe" devices that will function in the presence 

full-scale fire and explosion research, 

contributes much to the safety achieved 

per dollar available, Contract research 

has allowed Government programs to draw 

upon the expertise of industry, and technology transfer programs have been developed to transmit research results to mining industry representatives and thus to 

the mines, 

Frictional ignitions may be expected to 

attract attention for some time, although, fortunately, disasters are inf requent in the presence of adequate ventilations, Figure A-1 in the appendix 

graphs the number of frictional ignitions 

and associated injuries and fatalities 

per year during most of the 1959-81, Details of these incidents will be found in 

tables A-1 to A-8, Figure A-2 graphs 

similar data for nonfrictional ignitions; 

details of these incidents will also be 

found in tables A-1 to A-8, Classification of the causes of minor ignitions is 

graphed in figure A-3, It will be seen 

that continuous miner bits cause far more 

ignitions than all other causes combined, 

To complete the story, frictional igniof human failures, Overall, however, tion, gas ignitions, and dust ignitions 

economical laboratory research, close- in surface facilities are listed in 

ly correlated with the more expensive table A-9, 
FINAL NOTE 

During the final preparation of this 

report, three more major explosions occurred in coal mines in Appalachia. On 

December 8, 1981, an explosion killed 

eight miners in the Adkins Coal Co. Mine. 

No. 18, in Topmost, Ky. On the next day, 

13 miners were killed in an expldsion in 

the Dogwood Flats Mountain Coal Mine 

of the Grundy Mining Co. , a subsidiary 

of the Tennessee Consolidated Coal Mining Co. This mine is located near Palmer, TN. Forty-three miners survived the 

explosion, which occurred when one of the 

victims used a cigarette lighter in 

an explosive methane-air mixture that 

accumulated as a result of inadequate 

ventilation in 003 section. 

Yet another explosion occurred on January 20, 1982, in RFH Mining Co. 's Mine 

No. 1 in Floyd County, Ky. Seven miners 

were killed in this blast, which apparently resulted from the ignition of gas 

and coal dust by blasting. Investigators 

concluded that the explosion originated 

in the No. 5 room of the 001 section. 

Coal dust was ignited by flames from t-he 

explosives when the developing crosscut 

between the Nos. 5 and 6 rooms was shot 

through into the No. 5 room. Flames from 

the explosives were not contained within 

the limits of the coal being shot owing 

to a blown-out or a blown-through shot. 

Flame and/or maj or forces of the explosion propagated from the face area of the 

No. 5 room, traversed the entire mine, 

and traveled to the surface. Surface 

facilities that were in direct line of 

the forces coming out of the mine were 

extensively damaged. 

REFERENCES 

1. Bacon, S. Disaster at Hurricane 

Creek. Popular Mechanics, v. 136, No. 4, 

October 1971, pp. 85-89, 201-202. 

2. Burgess, D. S., W. F. Donaldson, 

A. F. Furno, J. M. Kuchta, and C. R. Summers. Spatial and Temporal Distributions 

of Halon 1301 From a Commercial Extinguisher. BuMines RI 7515, 1971, 17 pp. 

3. Burgess, D. S., and H. Hayden. A 

Carbonmonoxide Index Monitoring System in 

an Underground Coal Mine. Trans. AIME, 

v. 200, 1976, pp. 312-318. 

4. Coal Age. Kentucky Molds Safety 

Law; Scotia Probes Go On. V. 82, January 

1977, p. 19. 

5. . Scotia Criminal Trial Set 

for Fall. V. 84, August 1979, p. 29. 

6. . Explosion Kills Five -Miners in Southern West Virginia. V. 85, 

December 1980, p. 21. 

Polish). Published for the Bureau of 

Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, 

and the National Science Foundation, 

Washington, DC, by the Foreign Scientific 

Publications Department of the National 

Center for Scientific Technical and Economic Information. Warsaw, Poland, 1975, 

583 pp. 

8. Hertzberg, M., and C. D. Litton. 

Multipoint Detection of Products of 

Combustion With Tube Bundles. Transit 

Times, Transmissions of Submicrometer 

Particulates, and General Applicability. 

BuMines KI 8171, 1976, 40 pp. 

9. Humphrey, H. B. Historical Summary of Coal Mine Explosions in the 

United States. BuMines IC 7900, 1959, 

275 pp.; Bull. 586, 1960, 280 pp. 

10. Jamison, W. B., and H. Hadi. Ignition Suppression Device (Contract 

H0122020 with Consolidation Coal Company). BuMines Open File Rept. 129-76, 

August 1976, 251 pp.; NTIS PB 261-292/AS. 

7. Cybulski, W. Coal Dust Explosions 

and Their Suppression. (translated from 
11. Kawenski, Eo M., Jo Nagy, and 

J. W. Conn. Further Development of an 

Explosion Quenching Device. Pres. at 

Internat. Conf. of Safety in Mines Research, Tokyo, Japan, NOV. 20-25, 1969; 

available for consultation at Pittsburgh Research Center, Bureau of Mines, 

Pittsburgh, PA. 

12. Lauck, Ro Most Violent Explosion 

Traps 78 Miners. United Mine Workers 

Journal, v. 79, Dec. 1, 1968, pp. 3, 

8-1 1. 

13. Liebman, I., and J. K. Richmond. 

Suppression of Coal Dust Explosions by 

Passive Water Barriers in a Single-Entry 

Mine. BuMines RI 7815, 1974, 34 pp. 

14. Liebman, I., Jo Corry, and J. Ko 

Richmond. Water Barriers for Suppressing 

Coal Dust Explosions. BuMines RI 8170, 

1976, 26 pp. 

15. Liebman, I., J. Ko Richmond, R. 

Pro, Ro Conti, and Jo Corry. Triggered 

Barriers for the Suppression of Coal 

Dust Explosions. BuMines RI 8389, 1979, 

24 PP. 

16. Liebman, I., and J. Ko Richmond. 

Suppression of Coal Dust Explosions by 

Water Barrier in a Conveyor Belt Entry. 

BuMines RI 8538, 1981, 27 pp. 

17. Murphy, E. M., Do W. Mitchell, and 

Eo Mo Kawenski. Stopping Explosions at 

the Working Face. Pres. at 80th Ann. 

Meeting, Coal Min. Inst. of America, 

Pittsburgh, PA, Dec. 15-16, 1966, available for consultation at Pittsburgh 

Research Center, Bureau of Mines, 

Pittsburgh, PA. 

18. Nagy, Jo The Explosion Hazard in 

Mining. Mine Safety and Health Administration IR 1119, 1981, 69 pp. 

19. Prosser, L. Jo, Jr., G. L. Finfinger, and Jo Cervik. Methane Drainage 

Study Using an Underground Pipeline, 

Marianna Mine 58. BuMines RI 8577, 1981, 

29 PP* 

20. Richmond, J. Ko, I. Liebman, and 

L. Fo Miller. Effect . of Rock Dust on 

Explosibility of Coal Dust. BuMines 

RI 8077, 1975, 34 pp. 

21. Summers, C. R., and Fo H. Scott. 

Investigation of Two Types of Quenching 

Systems. Internal Report, BuMines Pittsburgh Mining and Safety Research Center, 

Aug. 5, 1970; available for consultation 

at Pittsburgh Research Center, Bureau of 

Mines, Pittsburgh, PA. 
APPENDIX 

FIGURE A-1. - Number of frictional ignitions and associated injuries and 

fatal i ties per year, 1959-80. 

FIGURE Ad. - Number of nonfrictional ignitions and associated in juries 

and fatalities per year, 1959-80. 
FIGURE A-3. - Number of minor ignitions and explosions by cause, 1959-80. 
KEY FOR TABLES 

A = Anthracite 

CM = Frictional ignition from continuous miner bits 

Cut. = Frictional ignition from cutter bits 

C/W = Cutting and/or welding 

Drill = Frictional ignition by roof drill bits 

Elec. = Electrical arc 

Expl. = Explosive 

F = Fatalities 

FSL = Defective flame safety lamp 

I = Injuries 

LW = Longwall bits 

OF = Other frictional 

ONF = Other nonfrictional 

X = Multiple entries--report lists more than one possible cause of ignitions, and 

incident is listed under each. This accounts for discrepancy in adding 

columns and total. 

? = Cause unknown or not yet specified 

TABLE A-1. - Ignitions and explosions, 1959-68 

I-F 

0- 1 

0-0 

0-0 

1-0 

0-0 

0-9 

1-0 

1-0 

2-0 

0-0 

0-0 

1-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

1-0 

0-0 

State 

WV 

WV 

WV 

WV 

OH 

TN 

PA 

PA (A) 

PA (A) 

WV 

PA 

WV 

WV 

VA 

CO 

PA 

WV 

Date 

01/29/59 

02/05/59 

02/06/59 

03/02/59 

03/18/59 

03/23/59 

04/16/59 

04/22/59 

05/05/59 

06/01/59 

06/04/59 

06/27/59 

06/22/59 

06/23/59 

08/15/59 

08/20/59 

08/31/59 

Cause 

FSL 

Cut. 

Elec. 

Expl. 

Elec. 

Elec. 

CM 

F SL 

Elec. 

Elec. 

CM 

Elec. 

Cut. 

FSL 

C/W 

Elec. 

Cut. 

Mine 

Loveridge............................... 

..... do.................................. 

//7 (Peerless)............................. 

//5 (Pitfair).............................. 

Nelms.................................... 

#1 (Phillips 6 West)...................... 

Robena.................................. 

Peca Shaft................................ 

Buck Mountain Slope....................... 

Lake Superior //3.......................... 

Colver................................... 

/I27 Island Creek .......................... Compass //2................................ 

Moss //3................................... 

Dutch Creek............................... 

Lancashire /I15............................ 

Compass //2.. .............................. 
TABLE A-1. - Ignitions and explosions, 1959-68--Continued 

I-F 

2-0 

0-0 

3-0 

2-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

2-0 

0-0 

2-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0- 1 

0-0 

1-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-1 

3-0 

0-2 

1-0 

0-0 

3-0 

0-0 

3-0 

0-0 

0-22 

1-0 

2-0 

5-1 

1-1 

0-0 

1-0 

1-2 

1-0 

1-0 

2-1 

0-0 

3-0 

1-0 

1-0 

0-0 

4-0 

0-0 

State 

PA (A) 

OH 

IL 

VA 

PA 

PA 

PA 

OH 

OH 

PA 

PA (A) 

OH 

AL 

VA 

KY 

WV 

WV 

CO 

IN 

PA (A) 

PA 

PA (A) 

WV 

WV 

PA (A) 

CO 

IN 

WV 

PA (A) 

PA 

IN 

CO 

WV 

WV 

IN 

VA 

VA 

WV 

WV 

WV 

Va 

VA 

PA (A) 

PA (A) 

WV 

OH 

PA 

PA 

Date 

10/08/59 

10/09/59 

10/20/59 

11/04/59 

12/11/59 

12/21/59 

01/03/60 

02/22/60 

03/01/60 

05/17/60 

07/06/60 

07/12/60 

07/20/60 

08/16/60 

08/23/60 

08/26/60 

09/11/60 

10/27/60 

11/04/60 

11/05/60 

11/08/60 

12/07/60 

12/22/60 

12/28/60 

01/04/61 

01/13/61 

01/16/61 

01/17/61 

01/21/61 

02/16/61 

03/02/61 

04/13/61 

04/17/61 

04/18/61 

05/08/61 

05/09/61 

05/16/61 

05/29/61 

05/30/61 

07/25/61 

07/29/61 

08/03/61 

08/28/61 

10/07/61 

10/17/61 

10/20/61 

10/26/61 

11/24/61 

Cause 

FSL 

CM 

Elec. 

Smoking 

CM 

Drill 

Elec. 

Elec. 

Cut. 

Cut. 

Elec. 

CM 

CM 

ONF 

ONF 

C/W 

Elec. 

Elec. 

CM 

Elec. 

Cut . Elec. 

ONF 

Smoking 

Elec. 

Elec. 

CM 

CM 

FSL 

CM 

Elec. ONF 

Smoking ' 

CM 

CM 

Smoking 

ONF 

c/w 

Elec. 

Smoking 

c/w 

ONF 

ONF 

Elec. 

Elec. 

Elec. 

Cut . CM 

CM 

Mine 

%64 Slope (S&M)........................... 

Nelms................e.e......e......e.... 

Buckhorn //2,................e.ee..eee.ee.. 

//2 (Pre~ton)..........~.~~~~.~~..~~.~~~~~. 

Shann~pin..~........~~~~..~~~.~~..~.~~~~.~ 

Wild~ood...,.......~.~.~.~~~~~~~..~~..~~.. 

Col~er.............~~~~~~.~~...~..~~...~~. 

Nelms //l.................................. 

Jen~ie.............~~.~~~~~~~~~.~..~~..~~. 

Marianna //58.................eee.ee..eee.. 

H4 & 6 Slopes (Zerbe)..................... 

Nelms //2.................................. 

Bes~ie.....,.........~~.~~~~~~~.~~~~~.~~~ 

Dorothy Mae //7..................ee..e..eee 

"A" #lO....e.........e.e.eeeee.eeeeeeeeee

Compass //2.................ee.eeeeeeee.eee 

Olga //l....e............e.eee.eeeeeeee.ee. 

Dutch Creek,.............ee.eee.ee..eee.ee 

Enoco C~lliery...........~~~~~.~~~~~~~.~~. 

//3 Rock Sl~pe.................~~~~~.~~~... 

Lucerne //3~................eeeeeeeeeee..ee 

/I1 Slope (Mason Herd)..............ee.ee.. 

Wharton //3.................eeee.eeeee.eee. 

Phillips //l.................e.eeee..ee..ee 

Scover & Slater Sl~pe...............~~~..~ 

Dutch Creek..............ee.ee.eee.ee..ee. 

Enoco C~lliery...........~~~..~~~~~~.~~..~ 

OfDonnell //2.................eee.ee.ee..ee 

#19 (Wanamie) ..e........e.eeee.eee..eeeeeee 

Marianna //58.................ee.eeeee.eeee 

Viking..............eeeeee.ee..eee..ee..ee 

Burnwell //l..................ee..eee.eee.e 

Itmann //l.................e.ee.eeee.ee..e. 

Osage #3..................ee.ee...eee.eee. 

Day................~.e.e.eeee.ee.eee.eee.. 

/I16 (OfQuinn)..........eee.eee.ee. ........ Moss //2.................eeee..eee.eeeeeee. 

//5 (Omar)..............e.e.e.ee..ee.eee.ee 

//2 (COB, & Ho)ee.eeeeeeeeoeeeeeeeee*eooeeo 

Glen Rodgers //2.. ..~............eee...ee.. 

//5 (Phillips).........ee.e.eee..eeeeee.... 

Lynn Camp //l.................eee.ee~eeeeee 

Holmes Slope.............................. 

12 Lykes Slope............................ 

D~me................~~~~~~..~~~~.~~..~.~.. 

Nelms //l.................e..e..ee.eeeeeeee 

Lancashire //15................eeeeee...ee. 

Marianna /158................eee..e.eeeeee. 
TABLE A-1. - Ignitions and explosions, 1959-68--Continued 

State 

VA 

WV 

PA (A) 

IL 

VA 

OH 

PA (A) 

PA (A) 

WV 

PA (A) 

PA 

Date 

11/18/61 

12/12/61 

12/14/61 

01/10/62 

01/11/62 

02/02/62 

02/05/62 

02/07/62 

04/04/62 

04/09/62 

05/24/62 

I-F ' 

0-0 

4-0 

1-0 

0-1 1 

0-0 

2-0 

1-0 

2-0 

0-0 

1-0 

0-0 

5-0 

0-1 

0-0 

0-0 

1-0 

0-0 

0-0 

1-0 

2-2 

0-1 

0-0 

1-0 

0-0 

4-0 

2-0 

0-37 

0-0 

0-0 

1-0 

1-0 

0-0 

2-0 

3-1 

0-0 

2-0 

0-0 

1-0 

0-0 

2-0 

0-0 

8-4 

2-0 

1-0 

0-22 

1-0 

0-0 

0-0 

Mine 

#13 (Virginia City) ..................a.a... 

Federal //l................................ 

12 & 113 Slopes............................ 

i/2 (Blue Blaze)........................... 

i16 (Pound). ............................... Nelms #2.................................. 

Glen Burn Colliery........................ 

..... do................................... 

/I2 (Wilroe)...... ......................... Middle Split Slope........................ 

Shannopin................................. 

Cause 

ON?? 

CM 

Elec. 

Elec. 

Expl. 

CM 

Expl. 

Expl. 

Drill 

Smoking 

? 

Elec. 

Elec. 

OW 

Elec. 

Smoking 

Cut. 

Cut. 

Elec. 

Rock fall 

Elec. 

CM 

Elec. 

CM 

Smoking 

Elec. 

CM/Elec. 

Rock fall 

CM 

CM 

Cut . CM 

Smoking 

Exp 1. 

Elec. 

FSL 

? 

OW 

CM 

Elec. 

OF 

Elec. 

CM 

Elec. 

Elec. 

Elec. 

Expl. 

ONF 

06/06/62 

06/12/62 

07/12/62 

08/07/62 

08/09/62 

08/31/62 

09/07/62 

09/28/62 

10/02/62 

10/23/62 

10/25/62 

11/12/62 

11/15/62 

11/21/62 

11/29/62 

12/06/62 

12/14/62 

12/24/62 

01/04/63 

01/04/63 

01/08/63 

01/14/63 

01/29/63 

01/29/63 

02/04/63 

03/03/63 

03/13/63 

03/20/63 

04/08/63 

04/12/63 

04/16/63 

04/17/63 

04/25/63 

04/25/63 

05/14/63 

05/27/63 

07/17/63 

Loyal.. ................................... i/3 (Fields Creek)........ ................. i1131 Slope................................ 

Banning #/3................................ 

#I1 (Grimsleyville) ........................ Wattis i/2................................. 

..... d~..............~.................... 

Moss i/3................................... 

Robena.................................. 

Dekoven................................... 

Kenilworth................................ 

Skidmore Slope............................ 

Marianna //58.............................. 

i/5........................................ 

Top Split Mammoth Seam.................... 

Robena.................................. 

Lancashire //15............................ 

Emerald.................................. 

..... do.................................. 

Maple Creek............................... 

Moss //2................................... 

/I40 Slope................. ................ Glen Burn Colliery........................ 

Moss #/2................................... 

Skidmore Slope............................ 

Itmann /I3................................. 

Oakwood................................... 

Bird //3................................... 

i/4 Acton.................................. 

Moss //3................................... 

Forger Slope.............................. 

Bird i/3................................... 

Compass #/2...........................w.... 

..... d~...................~............... 

Moss #3................................... 

Geneva................................... 

//3 (Grace)................................ 

I PA 

WV 

PA (A) 

PA 

VA 

UT 

UT 

VA 

PA 

KY 

UT 

PA (A) 

PA 

VA 

PA (A) 

PA 

PA 

PA 

PA 

PA 

VA 

PA (A) 

PA (A) 

VA 

PA (A) 

WV 

WV 

PA 

AL 

VA 

PA (A) 

PA 

WV 

WV 

VA 

UT 

KY 
TABLE A-1. - Ignitions and explosions, 1959-68--Continued 

Date 

07/18/63 

07/23/63 

08/07/63 

08/08/63 

08/13/63 

08/17/63 

08/21/63 

08/26/63 

09/16/63 

09/27/63 

10112163 

10114163 

10/15/63 

10124163 

10/31/63 

11/04/63 

11/06/63 

11/11/63 

12/16/63 

01/15/64 

02/03/64 

02/03/64 

02/24/64 

02/26/64 

02/28/64 

03/01/64 

03/11/64 

03/19/64 

05/07/64 

05/08/64 

05/26/64 

06/11/64 

06/16/64 

06/24/64 

06/24/64 

07/15/64 

07/17/64 

07/20/64 

07/27/64 

07/30/64 

08/05/64 

08/18/64 

08/19/64 

09/03/64 

09/15/64 

09/28/64 

10/03/64 

10/05/64 

10/07/64 

Mine 

Mathies.............~~~~.~..~~....~....~ 

Nelms //2.................................. 

Moss //2..................a.a.........a.... 

..... d~..................~~............~.. 

Kenil~orth..............~...~~...~~~...~. 

Itmann //3................................. 

Maple Creek...............a.a......m...... 

Lancashire //15......................m...a. 

mat hie^..................^................ 

Drifton //l................................ 

Moss //2..............,.................... 

Compass //2................................ 

R~bena.................~.................. 

..... d~............~.~..~.~.~.......~... 

Ernest #3................................. 

..... do.................................. 

Dutch Creek............................... 

112 (Carbon Fuel).......................... 

Westwood Slope............................ 

Dutch Creek............................... 

Sednarczyk /I2 & 3 Slopes.................. 

Moss //2................................... 

Ireland..............~.....a.....~...... 

..... do................................. 

Cres~ent................~................ 

Mari~n~.~~...~...................~........ 

7 South Main.............................. 

Bird //3...................a...m........... 

Moss //2.....,............................. 

Dutch Creek............................... 

Diamond Slope............................. 

Compass #3................................ 

Moss //2................................... 

O'Donnell //l.............................. 

Huber Colliery............................ 

//2 (G~odspring).................~......... 

Robena..................................... 

Concord //1................................ 

//2 (Alabama Rod Ash)...................... 

Robena.................................. 

Moss //2................................... 

/I9 Vein South Main Slope.................. 

Dekeven //6................................ 

Gate~ay............~~~~~~.....~~~~~~.~...~ 

//6 (Island 

Nelms //2..................aaaaa......aaaaa 

Dutch Creek..............aaa.a..maa.aaaaaa 

Lady Dunn #107..................a.aaa...a. 

State 

PA 

OH 

VA 

VA 

UT 

WV 

PA 

PA 

PA 

PA (A) 

VA 

WV 

PA 

PA 

PA 

PA 

PA 

CO 

UT 

PA (A) 

CO 

PA (A) 

VA 

WV 

WV 

PA 

PA 

KY 

PA 

VA 

CO 

PA (A) 

WV 

VA 

WV 

PA (A) 

PA (A) 

PA 

AL 

AL 

PA 

VA 

PA (A) 

KY 

PA 

WV 

OH 

CO 

WV 

I-F 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

2-0 

0-0 

1-0 

0-0 

2-0 

0-0 

1-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

9-0 

1-9 

1-0 

0-0 

1-3 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

1-0 

0-0 

0-0 

3-0 

0-0 

0-0 

4-0 

2-0 

2-0 

0-0 

0-0 

2-0 

0-0 

0-0 

2-0 

1-0 

0-0 

0-3 

2-0 

0-0 

3-0 

Cause 

Elec. 

CM 

CM 

CM 

C/W 

Elec. 

Cut 

CM 

Elec. 

FSL 

Elec. 

CM 

CM 

CM 

Expl. 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM/~lec. 

OF 

Elec. 

Expl. 

Cut. 

CM 

CM 

Cut 

C/W 

CM 

CM 

CM 

Elec. 

c/w 

Drill 

Cut 

CM 

Smoking 

Smoking 

CM 

Cut. 

Elec. 

CM 

CM 

Expl • 

CM 

CM 

Elec. 

CM 

Elec. 

Elec. 
TABLE A-1. - Ignitions and explosions, 1959-68--Continued 

Date 

Sunnyside #3.................~a~~~~~...... 

Middle Split Slope........................ 

Bird #3.................~....~~~.~.~.ee~.. 

Dekeven i/6..................aa..........a. 

#5 (Horn & Whited)a.....a.a..e...a........ 

Clyde..............a~a.~~..~.e.~a...~..~.. 

#217 slope.....................^.......... 

Delmont 10B..................e.~...a..a~.a 

Moss #2................................... 

Pleasant vie^^........^^......^...^^.....^ 

#2 (Carbon F~el).........................~ 

Osage #3.a........aa............aa........ 

Beatri~e...........~...................... 

Keystone ~/l.................a..a........... 

Moss #2................................... 

Llaellen Sl~pe..~..~....~..~.....~.~...... 

#2A (C.L. Kline)...............e..e.e..a.. 

Robena..............~..................... 

Tracy Sl~pe.~..............~.............. 

Lancashire i/15............................ 

~veri~e................................. 

#3 Sl~pe..............~.................~. 

Pand~ra................~.~..~......~...... 

Rkoven ~/6................................ 

#5 (Pilgrim Knob)......................... 

Sunnyside #l.................a.a.aea...... 

Moss #2......~~........~..........*....... 

I 

I Mine 

#9A (brvin).............................. 

Westland.................................. 

Lancashire //15e........................... 

C~lver................~.~.~.~~.~.~........ 

Beatri~e...........~~~..~.~.~~~.......... 

Itmann #3.................a.a.a........aaa 

Concord ~/l.................a............aa 

#19 (W~na~e).........~.~.~....~.......... 

Gateway................................... 

#I16 Slope................................ 

Moss #3................................... 

~...~d~a~~~.a~~~a..~~a~aa~a~~a~a~~~a~~~

e~~.~d~~~~~~a~~~.~.~~aa~~a~~~

Compass #3...................a.~.~~a....a. 

Flat TO^^....^.,^..,,..,^^.....^.......... 

Hillsboro............................ ...... Keystone //l....................a..ea...... 

#11 (Pennington Gap)...............a.a.... 

Keystone //la..a.a...a.a.aaaa...a.....a.... 

Brule //4aeaaaaaa0a0a0aaa000aaa0a000aa0amam 

Bi~h~pa..a*..aa~.a.*~*~a~~~~aaa~aaaama*aam 

c/w 

Elec. 

CM 

CM 

Smoking 

CM 

F SL 

CM 

CM 

OF 

CM 

CM 

CM 

Elec. 

CM 

Elec. 

Smoking 

CM 

Elec. 

CM 

CM 

FSL 

Elec. 

CM 

Smoking 

Elec, 

CM 

State 

VA 

PA (A) 

PA 

PA 

,VA 

WV 

AL 

PA (A) 

PA 

PA (A) 

VA 

CM 

ow 

CM 

Elec. 

CM 

CM 

Elec. 

CM 

Elec. 

CM 

CM 

I-F 

0-0 

0-0 

2-0 

0-0 

0-0 

1-0 

0-0 

5-0 

0-0 

1-0 

0-0 

Cause 

ONF 

Elec. 

CM 

Elec. 

CM 

CM 

Cut 

Expl. 

CM 

Elec. 

Elec. 
30 

TABLE A-1. - Ignitions and explosions, 1959-68--Continued 

Date 

12/28/65 

01/24/66 

01/25/66 

01/28/66 

01/29/66 

02/11/66 

02/12/66 

03/02/66 

03/11/66 

03/28/66 

04/19/66 

06/01/66 

06/13/66 

06/20/66 

06/23/66 

07/20/66 

07/23/66 

08/04/66 

08/12/66 

08/31/66 

09/01/66 

10/06/66 

10/27/66 

11/04/66 

11/07/66 

11/30/66 

12/02/66 

12/14/66 

12/14/66 

12/26/66 

01/10/67 

01/24/67 

01/24/67 

01/30/67 

02/02/67 

02/07/67 

03/06/67 

03/10/67 

03/30/67 

04/03/67 

04/19/67 

05/12/67 

06/01/67 

06/14/67 

06/20/67 

06/22/67 

06/29/67 

07/06/67 

I-F 

0-9 

0-0 

4-0 

0-0 

5-0 

1-0 

0-0 

0-3 

1-0 

4-0 

1-0 

3-0 

0-0 

2-0 

4-0 

0-0 

2-7 

0-0 

0-0 

2-0 

2-0 

0-0 

1-0 

0-0 

1-0 

0-0 

1-0 

0-0 

3-0 

0-0 

0-0 

4-3 

5-3 

4-2 

0-0 

6-0 

3-0 

0-0 

1-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

1-0 

2-0 

3-0 

0-0 

Mine 

Dutch Creek............................... 

Dekeven !/6.................bbbbbbbbbbbbbbb 

!I19 (W~namie)..........~~~~~.......~...~~~ 

Shannopin............................... 

..... do...,,,....,.bbbbbb.b..b..b..bb.bbbb 

#1 Lykens Vein Slope...................... 

Burnwell !/l.................bbbbbbbbbbbbbb 

Dekeven !/6b.........b.b....b.bbbbbbb..bbbb 

Arkwright !/1.............................. 

Moss !/2....b...b........b...bbbbb..bbbb... 

Shannopin.........b.bbbbb.b.b..bbbbb.b.bbb 

!/1 (Kermit)...........bbbbb.b.bbbbbbbbbbbb 

Robena.,..b.bb,,.,..bb....bb.b...bbb.bbbb 

!/2 Dutch 

Siltix..............bbb.bbbbbbbbb.bbbb.. 

Concord !/l..........b......bbbbbb.b.bbbbbb 

Warwick !/2...........,.................... 

Huber Co11iery............................ 

!/3 & 4 Carrelt~n...............~~..~....~~ 

Ireland.b......b.b.bbb.bbbbbbbb..bbbbbbbbb 

Stanaford !/2..b......b.......bb..bbbbbbbbb 

Concord #l...,.,...............bbbbbbbbbbb 

!/5 (Wade)................................. 

Beatri~e..........,..~~~..~~~~.~~~......~~ 

Moss !/2.................bbbbbbbbb...bbbbbb 

Concord !/l..................bb...bb.bbbbbb 

!I1 Dutch Creek......bbb...b.bb..b..bbbbbbb 

Lancashire !/24............................ 

Mathies........,,........................ 

Virginia Pocahontas #l.................... 

Zeni-McKenney-Williamsbb...bbb.bb....bbbbb 

Joanne.................................. 

Nelms !/2.......,.......................... 

Jamison !/l........b........b...bbbbbbbbb.b 

Beatrice..........,..................... 

Concord !/lb.......b........b.b..bbbbbbbbbb 

Compass H2..................bb.b.b.bb.bbbb 

Moss !/2.....b...........b..bbbbbbbbbbbbbbb 

!I32 (~eth1ehem)........................... 

Gateway............b......bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb 

..... d~.......~....~~...~~~.~~~~~~~~~~.. 

Dekeven !/6.b............b..bbbbbb..bb..b.. 

Rose Valley H6.................bbbb.bbb.b. 

!I1 (Island Creek)...........b.bbbbbbbbbbbb 

Osage #3..................b.bbbbbb.bbbbbbb 

Humphrey #7......................bbbbbbbbb 

Cause 

Elec. 

Expl. 

Elec. /~xpl. 

CM 

CM 

Elec. 

CM 

Elec. 

Expl 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

Smoking 

Rock fall 

CM 

Elec. 

Cut . Elec. 

Smoking 

Elec. 

CM 

FSL 

Cut. 

Elec. 

Elec. 

CM 

Cut. 

CM 

Elec. 

Elec. 

Elec. 

Elec. 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

Cut . CM 

Rock fall 

c/w 

CM 

CM 

Cut 

Elec. 

Smoking /ONF 

CM 

CM 

State 

CO 

KY 

PA (A) 

PA 

PA 

PA (A) 

PA 

CO 

KY 

WV 

VA 

VA 

PA 

WV 

PA 

CO 

WV 

AL 

PA 

PA (A) 

WV 

WV 

WV 

AL 

VA 

VA 

VA 

AL 

CO 

PA 

PA 

VA 

VA 

WV 

OH 

PA 

VA 

AL 

WV 

VA 

PA 

PA 

PA 

KY 

OH 

WV 

WV 

WV 
U 

* 

U 

0 

al 

4 \ am44 m\44 $ 83224 

rl 24 rl d 3 . +I 

3 

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4 24 4 

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mdd UwVUVUwmUUU ErWUUwUUUOUwLUUUUmwUUUUUm 

C, . 

Lao0 00000000000 0.-0cu00000000000000m000+00 

1111 IIIIIIIIIII 1111111111111111111IllIlI 

HOON O\OOuomo+eom oO~+oOO~oOOOmooOOOmcuOcuO+cu+ 

n - n 

4 

w 4 

w 4 

w 

0.. ........... ......................... 0.. ........... ......................... 0.. ........... ......................... 0.. ........... ......................... 0.. ........... ......................... 0.0 ........... ......................... 0.. ........... ......................... 0.. ........... ......................... 0.. ........... ......................... 0.0 ........... ......................... 0.. ........... ......................... 0.. ........... ......................... 0.. ........... ......................... 0.. ........... ......................... 0.. .......*... ......................... 0.0 ........... .......................... 0.. ........... ......................... 0.0 ........... ......................... 0.. ........... ......................... q)... ........... ......................... C... ........... ......................... 0.. ........... ......................... go.. ........... ....... ................. 0.. ........... .......[I]............*.*.. 

no. 0- ooooooooo OOOOOOO~OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOQ) 3:: :;: ........ .......C)................Q 

........ .......C................O oC)oooo -oooo ooooooo 0 oooooooo on ooooo 04 6:: .+.U,..B... . 0.. ...... .A ..... .m . 0.. ...... ...... u,.. :g:~:"Q)oooo s.... • .n. ::::%:: .+ .C) ..... .a . .& 00 .... .C) 

VJ ow oQ)~ooo on 00 00 o* 0.,4 al a .a al .cudal\o am .& 0. .+ 0. 04 

C) 00 • r .as aa .a • . 0- • • .CQ) .o... 

C 04 .C 04 UO . 04 k .5ln(do 0. :? • a3 ON 02 

*,,cum . & .s4 V) ald C hu, hC 30 .+*d 3 o+acu+ 0- orloacu* .d 

& * a al a u, C ulmm al a u, a 00 Q) u, C a?* k**b*?d 

a al CzCaaa- 33a ~c alharlu o k 4 

24oQ) 

4k4" '"" wmM to& 91walud Z+-.C)C~~U .al~u,aleo o-04ro#alo,a :ag5)~~:~.= *ggggzg :o03ea;;yg5 2 &*t;d~v*mn~)v ~~~*~ms~v:~v~~mrn.*Z~zz~z

bhbhbhbbbbb oOoOoOoOoOoOoOoOoOoO~oO~oO~oOoOoO~oOoOoO~oOoO 5)5)5)99\095)5)5)5) 5)5)5)5)99\O5)5)~5)5)5)5)5)\O\O5)5)5)\O5)\O\O\O \\ \\\\\\\\\\\ ......................... 

oO5)mbObbbhboO mOcue~cumoOmLnLnoLnme\Ooohbo~~m+ +Ocucu+++++cucu +NcucuOcuOOcucuO+++cucumOOcum++Ocu \\ \\\\\\\\\\\ ......................... 

oOmmm0000+++ +~++NN*Ln\O5)bhbhbbboOoOoOoOmmOO OOOO+++++++ OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO++ 
TABLE A-2. - Ignitions and explosions, 1969-80 

Date 

01/08/69 

02/06/69 

02/12/69 

02/13/69 

03/19/69 

04/28/69 

04/29/69 

05/23/69 

05/26/69 

06/05/69 

06/09/69 

061 10169 

06/10/69 

07/23/69 

07/24/69 

07/30/69 

07/30/69 

081 13/69 

08/13/69 

08/18/69 

09/02/69 

09/05/69 

09/05/69 

09/09/69 

09/19/69 

10/15/69 

11/10/69 

11/18/69 

11/18/69 

11/15/69 

12/01/69 

12/11/69 

12/23/69 

- - - - 

Mine 

/,lo (Slab Fork)........................... 

Howe i/l................................... 

Robena.................................... 

ill Dutch Creek............................ 

Howe ill.. ................................. Robinson Run //95.......................... 

f2 (Carbon Fuel).......................... 

Concord fl................................ 

Gateway................................... 

Blacksville ill............................ 

Gateway................................... 

Lambert Fork.............................. 

Keystone 3B............................... 

Skidmore Slope............................ 

Atrian.................................... 

Howe ill................................... 

Zeigler il9................................ 

Loveridge................................. 

Concord ill................................ 

Virginia Pocahontas ill.................... 

Forge Slope............................... 

Joanne.................................... 

Badger il14................................ 

Federal i/2................................ 

Howe ill................................... 

MOSS #2................................... 

Howe ill................................... 

il2 (Carbon Fuel).......................... 

Howe i/l................................... 

Concord ill................................ 

ill Cedar Grove............................ 

Concord ill................................ 

Maple Creek............................... 

MOSS i/2................................... 

ill Cedar Grove............................ 

Howe i/l................................... 

Eagle i/2.................................. 

South Dip Skidmore Slope.................. 

Howe ill................................... 

..o.od~..o..........m*eooom*ooo**oeeeoooeo 

Blacksville............................... 

ill8 (Wonamie)............................. 

Forge Slope............................... 

Seggo il2.................................. 

il31 (Carbon Fuel)......................... 

Vesta il5.................................. 

Compass il3................................ 

Vesta il5.................................. 

Joanne.................................... 

Homer City................................ 

Cut. 

CM 

CM 

Cut. 

CM 

CM 

Expl. 

CM 

CM 

Elec. 

Expl . /OW 

FSL 

c/w 

c/w 

CM 

Elec. 

CM 

CM 

CM 

Cause 

Elec. 

CM 

CM 

Elec. 

CM 

c/w 

CM 

Expl. 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

Elec. 

Elec. 

Smoking 

CM 

FSL 

CM 

Cut. 

CM 

Expl. 

CM 

Elec. 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

Cut. 

Cut. 

State 

WV 

OK ' PA 

CO 

OK 

wo 

UT 

AL 

PA 

WV 

PA 

VA 

WV 

PA (A) 

WV 

OK 

KY 

WV 

AL 

VA 

PA (A) 

WV 

WV 

WV 

OK 

VA 

OK 

UT 

OK 

AL 

WV 

Loveridge ................................. I WV 1 0-0 I CM 

I-F 

3-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

2-0 

5-0 

6-1 

2-0 

0-0 

1-0 

0-0 

0-0 

3-0 

4-0 

3-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

1-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 
TABLE A-2. - Ignitions and explosions, 1969-80--Continued 

I-F 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

1-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

1-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

1-0 

2-0 

1-0 

2-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

2-0 

0-0 

1-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-1 

0-0 

0-0 

0-38 

0-0 

1-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

3-0 

2-0 

0-0 

0-0 

State 

WV 

CO 

OK 

WV 

WV 

VA 

OK 

VA 

PA 

WV 

PA 

PA 

WV 

OK 

PA 

VA 

PA 

WV 

VA 

VA 

WV 

WV 

OK 

OK 

WV 

KY 

PA 

VA 

WV 

PA 

PA 

CO 

KY 

OK 

PA 

KY 

OK 

WV 

WV 

OK 

VA 

OK 

PA 

PA 

WV 

OK 

OK 

PA (A) 

VA 

OK 

OK 

Date 

04/17/70 

04/17/70 

04/29/70 

05/15/70 

05/22/70 

06/02/70 

06/05/70 

06/12/70 

06/13/70 

07/05/70 

07/06/70 

07/08/70 

07/15/70 

07/15/70 

07/20/70 

08/11/70 

08/13/70 

08/17/70 

08/28/70 

09/02/70 

09/10/70 

09/30/70 

10/12/70 

10/13/70 

10/17/70 

10/26/70 

10/26/70 

10/28/70 

10/29/70 

11/02/70 

11/05/70 

11/19/70 

11/30/70 

11/30/70 

12/18/70 

12/30/70 

01/19/71 

02/01/71 

02/03/71 

02/04/71 

02/08/71 

02/11/71 

02/16/71 

02/22/71 

02/25/71 

03/04/71 

03/10/71 

03/15/71 

03/16/71 

03/22/71 

04/06/71 

Cause 

CM 

Elec. 

CM 

Expl. 

CM 

Elec. 

CM 

Elec. 

CM 

Elec. 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

Smok i ng 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

Smoking 

CM 

CM 

Expl. 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

~lec. /smoking 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

Expl. 

Smoking 

CM 

CM 

Mine 

Loveridge............................... 

Somerset................................ 

Howe //l.,................................. 

J~anne......................~.~.......~.. 

Loveridge............................... 

//3 (Kern).................................. 

Howe //I................................... 

Lambert Fork.............................. 

Vesta //5.................................. 

/I28 (Verdonville)......................... 

Gateway................................. 

Moose Run................................. 

Williams................................ 

Howe //la.. ................................. Maple Creek.......,....................... 

Lambert Fork.............................. 

Gateway.................................. 

Otsego.................................. 

Lambert Fork.............................. 

..... do................................. 

//1 Cedar Grove............................ 

Blacksville //l............................ 

Howe //l................................... 

..... d~...............~.................~ 

//1 Cedar Grove............................ 

St. Charles............................... 

Maple Creek............................... 

Virginia Pocahontas //2.................... 

Williams................................ 

Homer City................................ 

..... d~.........,..............~.......... 

L.S. Ward................................. 

Pyro //2................................... 

Howe //l................................... 

Homer City................................ 

/I15 & 16 (Finley) ......................... Howe //lo~o~o~a~~e~~e~a~~~~~~~

Maitland................................ 

Kepler...............a.........a..a...e. 

Howe //la.................................. 

Dixiana................................. 

Howe ...................................... 

Robena.................................. 

Gateway..........,...................... 

Olga.................................... 

Howe //l,.................................. 

..... d~.............~.................~. 

Forge Slope............................... 

Virginia Pocahontas //4.................... 

Howe //l................................... 

..... d~...............~.......~~......~. 
TABLE A-2. - Ignitions and explosions, 1969-80--Continued 

State 

OK 

OK 

OH 

PA 

WV 

KY 

OK 

UT 

IL 

UT 

IL 

OK 

PA 

OK 

WV 

UT 

IL 

AL 

IL 

IL 

IL 

OH 

UT 

AL 

WV 

WV 

WV 

VA 

WV 

VA 

VA 

VA 

VA 

PA 

VA 

OH 

AL 

KY 

WV 

AL 

PA 

VA 

PA 

WV 

WV 

IL 

VA 

WV 

VA 

VA 

PA 

I-F 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

2-0 

0-0 

3-0 

0-0 

1-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

3-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

2-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

16-0 

2-0 

0-0 

0-0 

1-0 

0-0 

0-0 

1-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

2-0 

Date 

04/12/71 

04/13/71 

04/13/71 

04/19/71 

04/23/71 

05/12/71 

05/14/71 

05/21/71 

05/21/71 

05/22/71 

05/24/71 

05/26/71 

05/27/71 

06/01/71 

06/05/71 

07/08/71 

07/16/71 

08/03/71 

08/28/71 

09/10/71 

09/17/71 

09/20/71 

10/26/71 

11/23/71 

01/04/72 

01/14/72 

02/23/72 

02/29/72 

03/01/72 

04/11/72 

04/19/72 

04/24/72 

04/25/72 

05/01/72 

05/20/72 

06/09/72 

06/13/72 

06/15/72 

06/19/72 

06/21/72 

07/17/72 

08/02/72 

08/07/72 

08/16/72 

09/28/72 

10/11/72 

11/10/72 

12/01/72 

12/02/72 

12/05/72 

12/07/72 

Cause 

CM 

CM 

CM 

c/w 

Cut. 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

Rock fall 

CM 

CM 

Cut. 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

Cut. 

C/W 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

Exp 1 

CM 

CM 

CM 

Elec. 

CM 

c/w 

CM 

CM 

Cut. 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

Rock fall 

Drill 

Mine 

Howe {/l................................... 

..... do................................... 

Nelms //2.................................. 

Vesta il5.................................. 

/I1 Cedar Grove............................ 

Dotiki.................................. 

Howe /ll....................m.............. 

il3 Carbon Fuel............................ 

Eagle ill.................................. 

/I3 Carbon Fuel............................ 

Eagle ill.................................. 

Howe ill................................... 

Florence il2............................... 

Howe ill................................... 

Humphrey il7............................... 

il3 Carbon Fuel............................ 

Eagle //2.................................. 

Concord ill................................ 

Eagle ill.................................. 

..... do................................. 

..... do................................. 

Nelms il2.................................. 

Gordon Creek il2........................... 

Concord ill................................ 

Itmann il3................................. 

Compass il3................................ 

Bishop.................................. 

Virginia Pocahontas il2.................... 

Kepler.................................. 

Virginia Pocahontas //3.................... 

i16 (Sue).................................. 

Virginia Pocahontas ilZ.................... 

Virginia Pocahontas #3.................... 

Delmont................................. 

Moss il2................................... 

Nelms ilZ...............,.................. 

Concord ill................................ 

Zeigler i/9................................ 

Itmann il3................................. 

Concord ill................................ 

Greenwich Colliery ill..................... 

Virginia Pocahontas //3.................... 

Maple Creek il2............................ 

Bishop................................... 

Robinson Run il95.......................... 

Eagle ill.................................. 

Virginia Pocahontas il2.. ................ .. Robinson Run il95.......................... 

Virginia Pocahontas ill.................... 

Virginia Pocahontas il3.................... 

Marianna il58.............................. 
TABLE A-2, - Ignitions and explosions, 1969-80--Continued 

Virginia Pocahontas #2.. .................. #3 Carbon Fuel............................ 

Wabash.................................... 

Virginia Pocahontas !/l.................... 

Kepler.................................... 

Bird //3................................... 

Eagle //1.................................. 

Lancashire i/20............................ 

Cambria Slope //33......................... 

Itmann #3................................. 

Date 

12/14/72 

12/26/72 

.....d~.............~*~*~~**~*~~~~~~~~~~~~ 

Maple Creek #2............................ 

#1 Cedar Grove............................ 

Virginia Pocahontas K3.................... 

#33-37 (Bishop)........................... 

Itmann i/3................................. 

Nelms #2.................................. 

K32 (Bethlehem)........................... 

Gateway................................... 

#4 (Oakwood Red Ash)...................... 

Eagle i/l.................................. 

Beatrice.................................. 

Virginia Pocahontas #4.. ... .. .......... ... Virginia Pocahontas //2.................... 

#1 Cedar Grove.......;.................... 

Itmann i/3................................. 

State 

WV 

Mine 

Itmann #/3................................. 

Moss //2................................... I VA / 1-0 ' / ~ock fall 

.....d~............~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 

Moss //2................................... 

Virginia Pocahontas //4.................... 

Maitland.................................. 

Itmann dl3................................. 

#50 Pinnacle Creek........................ 

Maitland,................................. 

Cambria Slope il33......................... 

Virginia Pocahontas #4.................... 

Virginia Pocahontas #2.................... 

Maltland.................................. 

Mulga..................................... 

I-F 

0-5 

&hue..................................... 

Keystone Kl.........,..................... 

Shannon Branch............................ 

Cause 

Elec. 

J)ehue..................................... 

Maitland.................................. 

Beatrice.................................. 

Virginia Pocahontas !/3.................... 

Oak Park //7............................... 

Blacksville //l............................ 

Virginia Pocahontas Kl.................... 

CM 

CM 

c/w 

Drill 

1 CM ' CM 

CM 

Elec. 

c/w 

Expl. 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

c/w 

CM 

Elec. 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

? 

CM 

CM 

Elec. 

c/w 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 
TABLE A-2. - Ignitions and explosions, 1969-80--Continued 

Date -TPnnm 

Keystone //l............................... 

/I36 bishop)...........................^.^ 1 Oak Park #7 ............................... 

- 

Mine 

Beech Fork................................ 

~arion .................................... I PA I 

State 

WV 

~ Maitland.................................. 

Itmann //2................................. 

I .....d~............**~~ ~~~~~~** ****~~~ 

I Beech Fork................................ 

Oak Park //7............................... 

Loveridge................................. 

Oak Park //7............................... 

//1 Cedar Grove............................ 

/I50 Pinnacle Creek........................ 

Dehue..................................... 

Wentz //l.................................. 

Marion.................................... 

Bishop.................................... 

Virginia Pocahontas //1.. .................. Beech Fork................................ 

Keystone //l............................... 

Royal //5.................................. 

U.S. Pipe //3.............................. 

Meigs //2.................................. 

Virginia Pocahontas //4.................... 

/I20 (Stirrat)............................. 

Virginia Pocahontas //4.................... 

.ooo.d~....ooooo...oo**oooooo o** *****o 

Beech Fork................................ 

Kitt //l.................*****......******* 

Bi~h~poo.o.....oooooo*e*o*oo******oooooo** 

Kitt //l.....................*******......* 

U.S. Pipe //3.............................. 

/I50 Pinnacle Creek........................ 

Beatrice.................................. 

/I32 (Bethlehem)........................... 

Concord //l................................ 

U.S. Pipe //3.............................. 

Beckley................................... 

Maitland.................................. 

Nelms //2.................................. 

Itmann //3................................. 

Bird //3................................... 

Keystone //5............................... 

Bear Creek //4............................. 

Beatrice.................................. 

Royal //5.................................. 

Deer Creek //0255.......................... 

Concord //l................................ 

Somerset //60.............................. 

CM 

CM 

' Expl. 

I CM 

CM 

Elec. 

CM 

CM 

CM 

Cut. 

Elec. 

1-F 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

1-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

1-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

1-0 

0-0 

0-0 

Mulga ..................................... I AL I 0-0 I CM 

Cause 

CM 

c/w 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

ONF 

CM 

CM 

c/w 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

c/w 

CM 

Expl. 

CM 

c/w 

CM 

CM 

CM 

C/W 

CM 

c/w 

CM 

CM 

Elec. 

CM 

Cut. 

CM 
37 

TABLE A-2. - Ignitions and explosions, 1969-80--Continued 

Date 

03/06/75 

03/08/75 

03/10/75 

03/15/75 

03/15/75 

03/25/75 

04/04/75 

04/28/75 

04/28/75 

04/30/75 

05/08/75 

05/09/75 

05/15/75 

05/23/75 

05/30/75 

06/02/75 

06/04/75 

06/05/75 

06/06/75 

06/14/75 

06/16/75 

06/19/75 

06/20/75 

06/20/75 

07/24/75 

07/29/75 

08/01/75 

08/02/75 

08/04/75 

08/05/75 

08/07/75 

08/11/75 

08/20/75 

09/15/75 

09/22/75 

09/23/75 

10/13/75 

10/15/75 

10/21/75 

10/23/75 

10/24/75 

10/31/75 

11/12/75 

11/18/75 

11/20/75 

12/05/75 

12/12/75 

12/12/75 

12/15/75 

12/16/75 

12/16/75 

12/19/75 

12/30/75 

Mine 

U.S. Pipe //3..................bbbbbbbbbbbb 

Bear Creek //4.................bbbbb.bbbb.b 

Dutch Creek //2.................bbbbbbbbbbb 

Mulga..............b..bbb.bbbb.bbbbbbbbbbb 

Virginia Pocahontas //3.,.................. 

Virginia Pocahontas #5,................... 

U.S. Pipe //3.........b.......bb.b..b.b.... 

Mulga..............bb.bbbb.b.bb.bbbbb.bbb 

M~Elroy~....~......~.~~......~~~.~.~~..~~. 

Osage #3 .................................. U.S. Pipe //3...............b.b.b.b...bbb.b 

..... d~........,.~........~~.~~~~.~..... 

#51 Bethlehem.................bb.b...bb..b 

Osage //3....b....b.......bb...b.bbb.b.bbb. 

Dutch Creek //2...,........................ 

Cambria Slope //33....b..b.bb.....b.bb....b 

Virginia Pocahontas #4,,.,,,..,.,,,.,.,... 

Virginia Pocahontas //5..,,..,,.,,,,,..,,.. 

Itmann !/3...,...,........,.bbbb..bb..bbbb. 

Osage //3...........b.......b.bb.bb..b.b.bb 

..... d~.......~........~..~.~~~~~....... 

Maple me ado^....,........^........^...^^^. 

Itmann i/3..,.............................. 

Deh~e........~......~.~~~~...~~..~........ 

Itmann //3..., ............................. Beatri~e.,.~......~.~.~~~~.~....~.~....... 

Jewel 18 (~ower Je~el)~..~......~........~ 

Virginia Pocahontas //4...,.,..,,.......... 

Virginia Pocahontas #l......,............. 

U.S. Pipe #3....b.............b....b..bb.b 

Be~kley...............~....~..~..~....~~.~ 

U.S. Pipe /I3 .............................. .... bdo...........b..~~.b~bb~..b..~b~~~. 

Lancashire //20.......b.b......b..b........ 

Beatri~e..,~.......~..~~~~.~...~.~~~~....~ 

Deh~e.~~.............~~....~..~~....~..... 

Royal #5.....b.....b........b...b....b.... 

Ireland....b.......b.b.b..b...b..b..b..b 

Beatri~e~..........~...~.~...........~...~ 

/I5 (Island Creek)......b.....b..b...b.bb.. 

Beatri~e..................~............... 

Be~sie.............~...~....~........~~.~~ 

Beckley #l................ 

Dutch Creek ill. ........................... Itmann //3................................. 

//3 Carbon F~el.....,,~.....~.~....~~.....~ 

Virginia Pocahontas //4.................... 

Beckley #l...................b..b.bbb..bb. 

Beatri~e~..~.~.....~.........~....~~...~~~ 

Vesta !/5.. ................................ Hamilton //l........b...........bbbb.b..b.. 

Olga................bb..b..b........b.b... 

U.S. Pipe //4.............................. 

State 

AL 

CO 

CO 

AL 

VA 

VA 

AL 

AL 

WV 

WO 

AL 

AL 

PA 

WV 

CO 

PA 

VA 

VA 

WV 

WV 

WV 

WV 

WV 

WV 

WV 

VA 

VA 

VA 

VA 

AL 

WV 

AL 

AL 

PA 

VA 

WV 

WV 

WV 

VA 

VA 

VA 

AL 

WV 

CO - 

WV 

UT 

VA 

WV 

VA 

PA 

KY 

WV 

AL 

I-F 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

2-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

1-0 

1-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

1-0 

0-0 

0-0 

Cause 

Drill 

CM 

CM 

CM 

Rock fall 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

Elec. 

CM 

CM 

Elec. 

CM 

C/w 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

Drill 

CM 

CM 

Expl . CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

C/W 

CM 

Expl . CM 

Elec. 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

Expl . Rock fall 

OFR 
TABLE A-2. - Ignitions and explosions, 1969-80--Continued 

Mine 

Lucerne i/6...e...e........................ 

Date 

01/06/76 

01/08/76 

01/14/76 

02/06/76 

02/10/76 

02/17/76 

02/18/76 

02/20/76 

02/26/76 

02/27/76 

03/02/76 

03/03/75 

03/06/76 

03/09/76 

03/09/76 

03/09/76 

03/11/76 

03/15/76 

03/16/76 

03/16/76 

03/17/76 

03/18/76 

04/02/76 

04/07/76 

04/15/76 

04/21/76 

04/23/76 

04/23/76 

04/27/76 

04/30/76 

05/04/76 

05/05/76 

05/05/76 

05/13/76 

05/,13/76 

05/18/76 

05/25/ 76 

05/26/76 

06/01/76 

06/02/76 

06/08/76 

06/09/76 

06/16/76 

06/24/76 

06/29/76 

07/13/76 

07/14/76 

07/21/76 

07/24/76 

07/24/76 

07/30/76 

08/16/76 

08/23/76 

Vesta i/5..,............................... 

Robinson Run #95.. ........................ Hamilton i/1............................... 

i/4 (Wolf Creek)........................... 

> 

.ee eed~.eeee.eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeemeeeeee 

Keystone ~/l.e.............e..eeeeeeeeeeeee 

U.S. Pipe i/3.e.....e.........eee..eeeee... 

Virginia Pocahontas i/4.............,...... 

Keystone #1............................... 

Robinson Run ~/95~,..ee..,...ee,......eeee. 

Lancashire #20...ee...............e....... 

.eeeedo..eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee.eeee 

Deer Creekee..e......eeeeee.e.eeeeeeeeeeee 

Beckley.............e...eeeeee....eeeeeeee 

Cons01 i/20.................eee.eeee.eeeeee 

i/1 (Kermit)............................... 

Bishopeeeeeeeeeeee.eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 

Lucerne i/6...eeee.ee.ee....eeeeeeeeee...ee 

i/3 Carbon Fue1......,....,..,............. 

~itland.eeee..e.ee..e..eeeeee......e.ee.. 

Beech Fork..eeee...eee..e..eeeeee....eeee. 

i/3 Carbon Fueleeeeeeeeeeeeeeee.eeeeeeeee.e 

Maple 

Federal #2..ee.......ee..e.eeeee...ee.eeee 

Cons01 i/20.eeee..eeee...e.eeeeeee.e.eeeee. 

Jen~ie.............~.~~.~..~..~.~~~~.~..~~ 

#lo8 (Bethlehem)...............eee........ 

#36 (Bi~hop)............~................. 

Maitland................e...............e. 

Beck1ey................................... 

Mulga..................................... 

i/3 (J. Walter)................eeeeee..e.e. 

#lo8 (Bethlehem)....e.........ee.ee...e.ee 

Lo~eridge.~~.............................. 

Moss i/2................................... 

Gateway...............eeeeee...e.e.eeeeeee 

Ireland............eeee.eee........ee...ee 

Moss #2................................... 

Beckley i/l.................eeeeee.eeee.ee. 

McE~~o~................................... 

Lady Dunn i/105............................ 

Moss i/2..........................e........ 

Cambria Slope i/33.,......e.......ee.ee.... 

Beckley i/l..........................,... 

Federal i/l.................eeee......e...,,. 

Flat Top Water Pumping Shaft...,........,. 

Braztah i/5........ee.........ee........eee 

#36 (Bishop).............................. 

Urline i/1................................. 

State 

PA 

PA 

WV 

KY 

KY 

KY 

WV 

AL 

VA 

WV 

WV 

PA 

PA 

PA 

KY 

KY 

UT 

WV 

WV 

WV 

WV 

PA 

UT 

WV 

WV 

I-F 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

1-0 

1-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-15 

0-1 1 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

1-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

2-0 

2-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

1-0 

0-0 

0-0 

Cause 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

Cut 

CM 

CM 

c/w 

CM 

Elec. 

Rock fall 

Elec, 

? 

? 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

LW 

Elec. 

CM 

LW 

CM 

c/w 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

c/w 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

c/w 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

ONF 

CM 

CM 

c/w 
rCw*C*wC)CCcnCw* ozcx 

o rrur.N(~~,e r~m rrc-EE%S8FSW8F BSP: 8tunr.c &StgtgB9WZZ%BE?

CWP, rl P,Bcnrl=IPP, r-OrlrlFwmfuBr mrlm. ~RMrlB'drlC,C,mP,P, OP,R'dP,P

(~mc,nmncrdnmrr~nm~,nm cncn~dcn crmrl. m rm~dwm~~rng~a N r~

rlrir4wmrlrl~rwmrr~cnoir~o nHo orme orlrrerrr onrvnoonw

r3cn. SOOW rcnwmp, o o *P, rr r r a o r rl =I ID (D *w P, c FP, rl P, 

arC crom-rc 3 *rKE*rNrp3 ~~ao~ow rm zryynrm r ro zr

~P,FEP,-~ ~n~,ao P, y(~ P, C*P,W(D~ PP, vl* (D(Y*fy*< *CnN N -0 (Do @ =%a rl =kktElW *(D @ *a 

=I c (D 

'dppv. w. 'd B yr. . y:g: 2: ?':? vr. . v*avr. (D C~O C, W. am

. O(D~OO 00 0-TI . 0.. ... OUOO.. (D.WF. . 0. 

.

. . c, (PC,: .'do C,W . (Do. 0.. ow. 00 ..... C,.(C,...R..(D..( 

... . P, . (D. P,. *. W.. *P,. (D. . P,. .... P,. . . 0. cn.. 

-3. . . 3. +. w. . .1.....1.. l3::: *..C).........C

: .. 0. . *. 0. h,. 0.. rg: : : : *: 0 ..... O..o...N..q ....

.... ..... .g..g..W.g.* 3 W. 3 ..... 3.. .... (D ....

.... ....... ..... n..n..w.cr n w. .rt ..... rt..:: m...o

... . P,. . P,. ..... 0.. .... s.... 

..... .... .cn..cn t:::::::g: : g::. 0. g:: g:. .........

.... .... ....... ...... ....................

...... ....... .... ...* * * :* ........................

...... ....... .... ...N * Cn .yl.........................

........................ ......................

........................ ......................

......................... ......................

........................ ..........................

........................ ......................

........................ ......................

........................ ......................

........................ ......................

........................ ......................

........................ ......................

......................

........................ 

........... ............. ......................

........................ ......................

........................ ......................

........................ ......................

........................ ......................

........................ ......................

........................ ......................

........................ ......................

........................ ......................

000000000000000000000000 +++++++++++++++++++++OO

**********WWWWWWNNNNW+++ NNNNNNNNNN+++~+OOOOOOaaa

........................ ............................. WNNNN++c-.+ON+c-.++ONN+OO+OO N++++OOOOOW+OOONN+~OOW

OaOou+OoN+OOoWOoOoU0\~WN*Oo~NmW OoOo~~W~uU~NO0\~WN+O++O

........................ .............................. 

uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu

uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu 0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0
TABLE A-2. - Ignitions and explosions, 1969-80--Continued 

Date 

05/05/77 

05/06/77 

05/11/77 

05/16/77 

05/18/77 

05/23/77 

05/26/77 

05/30/77 

05/31/77 

06/06/77 

06/07/77 

06/09/77 

06/22/77 

07/07/77 

07/15/77 

08/25/77 

08/26/77 

08/26/77 

09/19/77 

09/21/77 

09/21/77 

09/23/77 

09/27/77 

09/30/77 

10/11/77 

10/11/77 

10/26/77 

10/27/77 

10/28/77 

10/31/77 

10/31/77 

11/02/77 

11/07/77 

11/08/77 

11/09/77 

11/09/77 

11/14/77 

11/21/77 

03/29/78 

03/29/78 

04/04/78 

04/12/78 

04/13/78 

04/17/78 

04/20/78 

04/25/78 

04/26/78 

05/03/78 

05/05/78 

05/06/78 

05/10/78 

Mine 

ii3 (J. Walter)............................ 

Beckley................................. 

//3 (J. Walter)............................ 

Moss i/2................................... 

Beckley i/l................................ 

Powhattan i/6.............................. 

Virginia Pocahontas i/4.................... 

National Poca............................. 

Robinson Run //95.......................... 

Virginia Pocahontas i/4.................... 

Braztah //3................................ 

//4 (Oakwood Red Ash),............,........ 

..... do.................................. 

i/2 (P&P).................................. 

i/1 (Terry Glen)........................... 

i/12A..................................... 

Maitland.................................. 

#236 (Amfgo)....... ....................... B~s~oP.........................~........ 

Cambria Slope i/33......................... 

Maitland................................. 

Lick Run.................................. 

Sugarloaf //2.............................. 

Beech Fork................................ 

C~rnberland...................~............ 

.....do................................. 

Moss i/2................................... 

Cumberland................................ 

Bi~hop.....~.~~.....................,... 

Keystone //2............................,.. 

ooooo d~ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo 

Robinson Run i/95.......................... 

Braztah i/5................................ 

Jensie.................................... 

Keystone //5............................... 

Sunnyside i/3.............................. 

#3 (J. Walter)............................ 

Lucerne #6................................ 

Virginia Pocahontas..-..................... 

Consol i/20............................,... 

Beatri~e....................~.....~...~... 

Greenwich Colliery #2..................... 

Cambria Slope #33......................... 

Loveridge................................ 

Consol i/20................................ 

..... do.................................. 

Oak Grove................................. 

Consol ii20................................ 

//4 (J. Walter)............................ 

i/3 (J, Walter)............................ 

Virginia Pocahontas #5.................... 

Cause 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

c/w 

CM 

CM 

c/w 

CM 

CM 

LW 

CM 

CM 

Smoking 

Smoking 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

c/w 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

Expl, 

Explo 

LW 

CM * " 

CM 

CM 

LW 

CM 

Drill 

CM 

CM 

CM 

c/w 

LW 

CM 

CM 

CM 

Drill 

CM 

Drill 

CM 

CM 

State 

AL 

WV 

AL 

VA 

WV 

OH 

VA 

WV 

WV 

VA 

UT 

VA 

VA 

VA 

KY 

VA 

WV 

WV 

WV 

PA 

WV 

WV 

AR 

WV 

PA 

PA 

VA 

PA 

WV 

WV 

WV 

WV 

UT 

OH 

WV 

UT 

AL 

PA 

VA 

WV 

VA 

PA 

PA 

WV 

WV 

WV 

AL 

WV 

AL 

AL 

VA 

I-F 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-4 

5-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 , 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

1-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 
+rrr~+r~rr+r~rr+rroOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu

Oo00OoOoOoOoOoOo00OoOoOoOo,OoOoOoOoOoOoOoOoOoOo00OoOoOo0000OoOoOoOoOoOoOoOoOoOoOo

* 

W 

n 

4 

r: 

P, 

t-' 

n 

(D 

rl 

u &W. ....

p.. .....

(D ......

4::: ...

...

......

* ......

13 o.......... 

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......
TABLE A-2. - Ignitions and explosions, 1969-80--Continued 

Date 

.m e.d~..me.....* 

Braztah i/3................................ 

i17 (J. Walter)............................ 

LovericZge................................. 

Emerald ill................................ 

Itmann //3................................. 

Braztah i/3................................ 

i13 (J. Walter)............................ 

MOSS //2................................... 

Loveridge................................. 

pp - -- - - 

~ine - 

i/3 (J. Walter)............................ 

Nebo...................................... 

King i/5................................... 

Valley Camp il15-A......................... 

Braztah i/3................................ 

Emerald i/l................................ 

Valley Camp il3............................ 

MOSS i/2................................... 

King /l5................................... 

Braztah i/3................................ 

i13 (J. Walter)............................ 

Braztah //3................................ 

i13 (J. Walter)............................ 

Braztah //3................................ 

Keystone ill............................,.. 

Maple Meadows............................. 

Arkwright Xl.............................. 

Braztah //3................................ 

Cambria Slope il33......................... 

Maple Creek il2............................ 

Braztah i/3................................ 

Consol il20................................ 

il3 (J. Walter)............................ 

Sunnyside ill.............................. 

King il5................................... 

Beckley................................... 

Braztah //3................................ 

Soldier Canyon............................ 

Homer City................................ 

Oak Grove................................. 

-- - 

State 

AL 

.do.....e..eo 

Maple Meadows............................. 

Braztah i/3................................ 

Beckley i/l,............................... 

Homer City................................ 

Braztah i/3................................ 

Oak Grove................................. 

...d~............~.....*e 

Braztah //3................................ 

Consol il20................................ 

i13 (J. Walter)............................ 

Braztah //3................................ 

Cause 

CM 

CM 

LW 

Drill 

CM 

Drill 

CM 

LW 

c/w 

CM 

CM 

Expl. 

CM 

Elec. 

LW 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

LW 

CM 

LW 

CM 

LW 

c/w 

c/w 

C.M. 

LW 

LW 

Drill 

CM 

CM 

CM 

Elec. 

CM 

CM 

CM 

Drill 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

LW 

CM 

CM 

LW 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

LW 

LW 
TABLE A-2. - Ignitions and explosions, 1969-80--Continued 

Date 

06/25/79 

King i/5.................m*m*mmm*a*a.*m*.e* 

Oak Gro~e......~.......~~.~~~~~~.~~.~~.~.~ 

King //5................................... 

Chancy Creek //2ee.e........ee.eemeamemaeee 

Cambria Slope //33,...............ee.em.eme 

Braztah //3..................m.me.ee.em.e.e 

Homer Citye..e.e..e.....emeemmmmmmaeae.mme 

i/5 (J. Walter)............mmmmmmm.mmemmeee 

Braztah ~/3...............,................ 

Lucerne %6................................ 

Dutch Creek //2.m..m...e.m.mm...em.eemeeea. 

Itmann i/2,...mmmmmm...m.m,mmmmmmmemeemaeee 

/I50 Pinnacle 

King //4................................... 

mmmae d~ememmm.eameemaamaeeemaeemeeeeememem 

//4 (J. Walter)............emmmemeeeeememea 

Emerald ~/l...................e.mmeeeemmmae 

Itmann //3..........m..e.m.ma.mmmmeemem.mee 

Beckley ~~l.................mamemmeeeeema

m.mmmd~mm~amam.ememmmm.mememme.mmeeeemeeae 

Maple Creek /I2 .........'.................em 

Maple Creek //2,........................... 

Emerald i/l..................emeaeea..mm.a. 

Loveridge..........memeeememmmmmmmmme.emaa 

Emerald ~/1................................ 

Mine 

I Federal #2.................emmmmaeaeaemeee 

mammed~.mmmmmmmmmmmmammmmmmmemma.a..mmmem. 

i/3 (J. Walter)............ammemamm.m.aeeme 

Emerald i/l.m.......m..e..e.aeee.eeeeeeeeem 

maemmd~mmmmmmmama.mmeemmmemmeeeammemeemeee 

Humphrey ~/7............................... 

Deer 

Emerald i/l.................m.eemaaem.eeeee 

memmmd~mmm.mmmemamemmmmemm~mmammea~meeeeme 

/I3 (J. Walter)............emeameememmmeeme 

//7 (J. Walter)............emmemmmaem.ee.em 

King i/5................................... 

Emerald ~/l.......,e........mmaemememeeee

meemad~mamemmmmmmmemammmmmammmemmaeaememmm 

Itmann //3 ...........................e.... 

Consol //20................mmmm..m...e.em.. 

Oak Grove,e........a...mmm.mememmmeamm.mmm 

Loveridge................................. 

Federal //2m......m..........mmmmmaaamae.me 

Hawks Nest East.em.m.a.e..a..ae.a.aa.em..e 

King //5................................... 

Homer City...............meemmeemmeaeeeeme 

Humphrey ~/7............................... 

East Gulf...............amememmemmaamaeem. 

i/7 (J. Walter)............em.mmemme.mmeee. 

Vesta i/5,................................. 

Cause 

c/w 

State 

WV 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 1 LW 

1 CM 

CM 

C/W 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

Drill 

c/w 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

I-F 

0-0 

CM 

Expl 

CM 

CM 

CM 

Drill 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

Drill 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

Drill 

Drill 
TABLE A-2. - Ignitions and explosions, 1969-80--Continued 

Cause 

Expl. 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

c/w 

c/w 

C/W 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

Drill 

Drill 

c/w 

C/W 

LW 

C/W 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

Cut. 

CM 

CM 

LW 

CM 

LW 

c/w 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

LW 

LW 

Drill 

LW 

State 

AL 

AL 

AL 

AL 

NM 

NM 

UT 

WV 

AL 

AL 

AL 

AL 

PA 

WV 

WV 

AL 

PA 

AL 

WV 

CO 

AL 

UT 

AL 

AL 

PA 

AL 

AL 

WV 

AL 

WV 

WV 

AL 

AL 

WV 

WV 

AL 

AL 

PA 

PA 

WV 

AL 

UT 

CO 

WV 

AL 

AL 

AL 

PA 

UT 

AL 

WV 

AL 

Date 

01/04/80 

01/15/80 

01/16/80 

01/21/80 

01/22/80 

01/22/80 

01/24/80 

01/29/80 

01/29/80 

01/29/80 

02/02/80 

02/03/80 

02/05/80 

02/05/80 

02/07/80 

02/08/80 

02/13/80 

02/19/80 

02/22/80 

02/27/80 

02/28/80 

02/29/80 

03/03/80 

03/04/80 

03/05/80 

03/05/80 

03/07/80 

03/17/80 

03/17/80 

03/19/80 

03/19/80 

03/19/80 

03/20/80 

03/20/80 

03/21/80 

03/21/80 

03/24/80 

03/25/80 

03/27/80 

03/28/80 

04/07/80 

04/08/80 

04/09/80 

04/11/80 

04/14/80 

04/22/80 

04/24/80 

04/26/80 

04/28/80 

04/28/80 

04/29/80 

05/01/80 

Mine 

Be~sie..................~................ 

i/3 (J. Walter)............................ 

..... d~...............................~... 

..... do................................... 

York Canyon............................... 

..... do................................... 

Price River #3............................ 

Beckley.................................. 

i/3 (J. Walter)............................ 

i/7 (J. Walter)............................ 

..... do.................................. 

..... do,.................................. 

Emerald #l................................ 

Federal #2......................a..m...... 

/I33 (Bishop).............. ................ North River i/l............................ 

Maple Creek #2............................ 

Bessie.................................... 

Osage #3.................................. 

Thompson Creek #l......................... 

i/5 (J. Walter)............................ 

Price Biver i/3............................ 

i/5 (J. klter)............................ 

i/7 (J. Walter)............................ 

Greenwich Colliery i/2..................... 

i/3 (J. Wolter)....~....................... 

Oak Grove,................................ 

Bonny..................................... 

i/3 (J. <er)............................ 

Beckley #l................................ 

..... do.................................. 

#7 (J. Walter)............................ 

i/3 (J. Wllter),........................... 

khue.................................... 

Be~kley............................~.... 

i/7 (J. Walter)............................ 

Bessie................................... 

Greenwich C~lliery............~.....~..... 

Greenwich Colliery #2..................... 

Keystone #2............................... 

i/7 (J. Ualter)............................ 

Price Uver #3............................ 

Thompson Creek i/l......................... 

P36 (Bishop).............................. 

#7 (J. Ualter)............................ 

Mulga..................................... 

#7 (J. Yelter)............................ 

Emerald #l................................ 

Price River #3............................ 

#3 (J. W.ltcr)............................ 

Bonny..................................... 

#3 (J. klter)............................ 
TABLE A-2. - Ignitions and explosions, 1969-80--Continued 

/I7 (J. Walter)............................ 

Price River //3............................ 

King //5................................... 

Eagle //2.................................. 

Beckley #2............................,... 

//3 (J. Walter)............................ 

..... do................................... 

.d~.......e 

Beckley //l................................ 

Dents Run................................. 

Cumberland................................ 

Beckley //2................................ 

#5 (J. Walter)................... ......... /I7 (J. Walter)...................... ...... Osage //3.................................. 

i.13 (J. Walter)............................ 

State 

AL 

Date 

05/09/80 

..d~...........*e 

Cambria Slope //33......................... 

Emerald //lo............................... 

Arkwright //l.............................. 

Price River //3............................ 

Mine 

//3 (J. Walter)............................ 

..... do................................... 

..... do........................... ......... /I3 (J. Walter)............................ 

North River //I............................ 

//4 (J. Walter)... ......................... //3 (J. Walter)... ......................... Beckley i./l................................ 

#4 (J. Walter).......... .................. Beckley 1/2................................ 

i/50 Pinnacle Creek........................ 

//3 (J. Walter)............................. 

Beckley i/Z................................ 

//5 (J. Walter)............................ 

//3 (J. Walter)............................ 

i/4 (J. Walter)............................ 

/I50 Pinnacle Creek........................ 

Price River //5............................ 

L. S. Wood //3 ............................ #4 (J. Walter)............................ 

Dutch Creek //2.....,.................~..... 

Bessie.................................... 

Dents Run................................. 

i/4 (J. Walter)............................ 

Beckley //2................................ 

I-F 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

1-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0. 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

0-0 

Cause 

LW 

Drill 

LW 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CIW 

CM 

CM 

Drill 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

c/w 

CM 

CM 

LW 

LW 

CM 

CM 

c/w 

c/w 

LW 

CM 

c/w 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

Drill 

C/W 

CM 

CM 

Elec. 

Drill 

CM 

Cut. 

c/w 

CM 

CM 

12/31/801 Emerald I/l................................ I PA I 0-0 I CM 
TABLE A-3. - Ignitions and explosions classified by cause, 1959-68 

TABLE A-4. - Summary of injuries by cause, 1959-68 

Frictional: 

Continuous miner....... 

Cutter................. 

Longwall............... 

Drill.................. 

Rock fall.. ............ Other. ................. Total............... 

Nonf rictional: 

Electrical............. 

Explosive.............. 

Cutting and/or welding. 

Smoking................ 

Defective flame safety 

lamp.................. 

Other.................. 

Total............... 

Not classified........... 

Grand total......... 

1959 

4 

3 

- 

1 

- 

- 

8 

8 

1 

1 

1 

4 

- 

15 

. - 

23 

Frictional: 

Continuous miner....... 

Cutter................. 

Longwall............... 

Drill.................. 

1960 

3 

3 

- 

- 

- 

- 

6 

7 

- 

1 

1 

- 

3 

12 

- 

18 

1960 

3 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

3 

2 

- 

- 

- 

- 

3 

5 

- 

8 

1959 

1 - 

- 

- 

1961 

8 

1 

- 

- 

- 

- 

9 

8X 

- 

2 

3 

1 

5X 

18 

- 

27 

1961 

18 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

18 

8 

- 

2 

3 

3 

2 

18 

- 

36 

Rock fall.............. I - 

Other.................. 

Total............... 

Nonf rictional: 

Electrical.. ........... Explosive.............. 

Cutting and/or welding. 

Smoking................ 

Defective flame safety 

lamp.................. 

Other.................. 

Total ............... Not classified........... 

Grand total ......... 

1962 

5X 

2 

- 

1 

2 

- 

10 

9X 

3 

- 

3 

- 

1 

16 

1 

26 

1962 

2 

- 

- 

- 

2 

- 

4 

9 

3 

- 

6 

- 

- 

18 

- 

22 

- 

1 

7 

1 

- 

2 

3 

- 

13 

- 

14 

1963 

15X 

2 

- 

- 

- 

1 

18 

11X 

3 

1 

1 

1 

3 

20 

1 

38 

1963 

14X 

1 

- 

- 

- 

- 

15 

15X 

3 

- 

2 

2 

3 

25 

- 

39 

1964 

16 

6 

- 

1 

- 

1 

24 

10 

3 

2 

2 

- 

1 

18 

- 

42 

1964 

11 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1 

12 

6 

8 

3 

4 

- 

- 

21 

- 

33 

1968 

16 

1 

- 

- 

- 

- 

17 

2 

3 

2 

2 

1 

1 

11 

1 

29 

1965 

21 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1 

22 

10 

- 

1 

3 

2 

1 

17 

- 

39 

1968 

16 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

16 

2 

5 

1 

4 

3 

- 

15 

- 

1965 

17 

- 

- 

- 

- 

o 

17 

13 

- 

- 

3 

3 

- 

19 

- 

1966 

11 

3 

- 

- 

1 

- 

15 

9X 

3X 

- 

2 

1 

- 

14 

- 

29 

36 

1966- 

17 

- 

- 

o 

4 

- 

21 

1OX 

5X 

- 

4 

1 

- 

16 

- 

1967 

15 

2 

- 

- 

3X 

- 

20X 

7X 

- 

3 

4X 

- 

1X 

13X 

- 

32 

37 1 52 1 31 

1967 

27 

- 

- 

- 

2X 

- 

29X 

16 

- 

4 

5X 

- 

2X 

25 

- 
TABLE A-5. - Summary of fatalities by cause, 1959-68 

TABLE A-6. - Ignitions and explosions classified by cause, 1969-80 

1964 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

3 

3 

- 

- 

- 

7 

6 

- 

6 

1962 

37X 

- 

- 

- 

2 

- 

39X 

SOX 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

50X 

- 

52 

Frictional: 

Continuous miner....... 

Cutter................. 

Longwall............... 

Drill.................. 

Rock fall.............. 

Other.................. 

Total. ............... Nonf rictional: 

Electrical............. 

Explosive.............. 

Cutting and/or welding. 

S~~ki~~~~

Defective flame safety 

lamp.................. 

Other.................. 

Total ............... Not classified........... 

Grand total ......... 

1965 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

14 

- 

- 

5 

- 

- 

26 

- 

26 

1963 

9X 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

9X 

35X 

1 

- 

- 

- 

- 

36X 

- 

36 

1960 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

2 

- 

- 

2 

- 

- 

4 

- 

4 

1959 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

9 

- 

- 

- 

1 

- 

10 

- . 

10 

1976 

58 

1 

4 

1 

- 

67 

8 

- 

- 

2 

13 

2 

Frictional: 

Continuousminer...... 

Cutter ................ Longwall.............. 

Drill................. 

Rock fall............. 

Other.. ............... Total ............... Nonf rictional: 

Electrical............ 

Explosive. ............ Cutting and/or welding 

S~~ki~~~~

Defective flame safety 

lamp................. 

Other ................. Total.............. 

Not classified.......... 

Grand total ........ 

1968 

1 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1 

- 

9 

2 

- 

- 

- 

11 

78 

90 

1966 

0 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

10 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

10 

- 

10 

1961 

1 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1 

24X 

- 

- 

1 

- 

23X 

26 

- 

27 

1971 

31 

3 

- 

- 

- 

35 

1 

1 

2x0 

- 

- 

4 

- 

39 

1967 

2 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

2 

lox 

- 

- 

4X 

- 

- 

10 

- 

12 

1977 

36 

- 

7 

- 

- 

46 

2 

8 

2 

- 

- 

15 

- 

1969 

19 

4 

- 

- 

- 

23 

5 

2 

1 

1, 

- 

10 

- 

33-54 82 162 

1970 

37 

1 

- 

- 

-1 

- 

38 

7 

4X 

2 

12 

1 

1X 

16 

- 

1978 

37 

- 

2 

2338107 

- 

1 

48 

- 

- 

1 

9 

- 

1972 

20 

1 

- 

1 

- 

24 

1 

2 

- 

- 

5 

- 

29 58 

1974 

44 

1 

- 

- 

- 

- 

45 

7 

- 

- 

1 

11 

1 

1973 

22 

- 

- 

1 

2- 

- 

23 

1 

3 

- 

- 

- 

6 

- 

29, 

1979 

74 

- 

13 

- 

- 

97 

23 

56 

- 

- 

- 

12 

- 

1975 

49 

1 

- 

2 

1 

55 

1x22253313 

14- 

3 

- 

- 

- 

12 

- 

1980 

61 

2 

11 

- 

- 

81 

1 

1 

16 

- 

- 

- 

18 

- 

57 1 67 . 109 99 
TABLE A-7. - Summary of injuries by cause, 1969-80 

TABLE A-8. - Summary of fatalities by cause, 1969-80 

Frictional: 

Continuous miner...... 

Cutter..............., 

Longwall.............. 

Drill................. 

Rock fall............. 

Other................. 

Total.............. 

Nonf rictional: 

Electrical.. .......... Explosive............. 

Cutting and/or welding 

Sm~ki~..~......~.~~~~ 

Defective flame safety 

lamp................. 

Other................. 

Total.............. 

Not classified.......... 

Grand total........ 

1969 

9 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

9 

14 

- 

2 

14 

- 

21 

. - 

30 

Frictional: 

Continuous miner...... 

Cutter................ 

Lowwall.............. 

Drill................. 

Rock fall............. 

Other................. 

Total.............. 

Nonf rictional: 

Electrical............ 

Explosive............. 

Cutting and/or welding 

Smoking............... 

Defective flame safety 

lamp................. 

Other................. 

Total .............. Not classified.......... 

Grandtotal ........ 

1970 

13 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

13 

1971 

6 

- 

- 

- 

1 

- 

7 

1972 

- 

- 

1 

- 

- 

19- 

- 

- 

- 

521- 

- 

1969 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1 

. - 

1 

2 

45X 

2 

2 

3X 

15 

- 

28 

1970 

1 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1 

38 

- 

1 

- 

- 

40 

- 

41 

6 

1973 

41 

- 

- 

22 

- 

- 

73 

- 

2- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

3 

- 

2 

- 

- 

- 

121283 

1975 

4 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

4 

- 

-2- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

2 

- 

1974 

4 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

4 

- 

2 

- 

- 

- 

2 

- 

1971 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

6 

1976 

7 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

2 

- 

_._ 

- 

1972 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

5 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

5 

- 

9 

1977 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

7-42 

- 

- 

1 

5- 

- 

262 

- 

6 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

2 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

2 

- 

1978 

1 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-3- 

- 

- 

- 

2 

- 

197311974 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

5 12 

6 

1975 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- - 12714 

1979 

2 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-7- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

7 

- 

1976 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1 

- 

- 

26 

1977 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

4- 

- 

- 

14 

- 

1980 

6 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

6 

- 

1 

- 

- 

- 

1 

- 

9 

- 

1 

1978 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- - 

1979 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1980 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
TABLE A-9. - Frictional and/or methane ignitions in surface 

facilities, 1959-79 

Date 

07/24 

08/12 

-- --- injured 

Mine Location 

I 1 I conveyor ignited methane. I 

1962 

Dekoven raw coal 

tunnel. 

Champion #1 fine 

coal dryer. 

02/01 

I plant. I I heater. I 

1961 

Nature of ignition 

Central coal Stirrate, WV.. 

preparation 

08/02 

Fatal 

or 

Dekoven, KYwm. 

McDonald, PA.. 

02/05 

03/08 

03/19 

03/23 

03/28 

05/07 

10/26 

11/0 1 

12/05 

Dust in suspension at loading ramp 

ignited by flame from oil drum 

Joanne coal 

thermal dryer. 

Methane from raw coal in hopper ignited by filament of braken light 

bulb . Broken hydraulic line fed vaporized 

hydraulic fluid into high temperature of dryer. 

0 F 

1 I 

Federal #I1 

thermal dryer. 

..... do......... 

..... do......... 

..... do......... 

Nelms #2 coal 

storage silo. 

Federal 81 

thermal dryer. 

No. 6 thermal 

dryer. 

Koppers ton 

thermal dryer. 

Red Wing preparation plant. 

2 F 

0 I 

0 F 

1 I 

Rachel, WV.... 

Grant Town, WV 

..... do....... 

..... do....... 

..... do....... 

Hopedale, OH.. 

Grant Town, WV 

Winifrede, WV. 

Kopperston, WV 

Axial, CO.. ... 

Sparks from dryer furnace or frictional heat from iron in screw 

0 F 

1 I 

Thermal dryer overheated for lack 

of water; ignited methane. 

Excessive heat ignited coal dust in 

furnace, cyclone, or connecting 

duct work. 

..... do............................ 

..... do............^....^......^... 

Methane-coal dust ignited while 

cutting hole in discharge chute 

atop silo. 

Dust in suspension in dry coal conveyor ignited by sparks from fire 

in combustion chamber. 

Hot clinkers ignited dried coal 

near furnace door; coal dust ignition followed. 

Dust in suspension blolwn into fire 

in bottom of combustion chamber. 

Frictional heat from teeth ef 

sprocket sheaving off ignited dust 

in suspension. 

0 F 

0 I 

0 F 

1 I 

0 F 

0 I 

0 F 

0 I 

0 F 

1 I 

0 F 

0 I 

0 F 

4 I 

0 F 

0 I 

0 F 

0 I 
TABLE A-9. - Frictional and/or methane ignitions in surface 

facilities, 1959-79--Continued 

Date Location Nature of ignition 

Fatal 

or 

injured 

Mine 

1 9.6 3 

10/11' Coal dust swept from top of furnace 

ignited by hot stack emitting 

sparks. 

Moss /I3 preparation plant. 

0 F 

0 I 

1964 

South Clinchfield, VA. 

02/03 

03/15 

06/17 

11/11 

12/31 

bust in suspension ignited by hot 

flyash induced into dryer by exhaust fan. 

Flame from furnace blown through 

coal feed conveyor. 

Dust ignited by smoldering coal in 

dryer. 

Dust in dryer ignited by hot material conveyed by the louvre pans. 

Attempted to relight furnace in an 

explosive mixture of propane and 

coal dust. 

0 F 

0 I 

0 F 

0 I 

1 F 

3 I 

0 F 

0 I 

0 F 

4 I 

Compass /13 thermal dryer. 

Maidon #I3 thermal dryer. 

Saxsewell thermal dryer. 

Mine /122 thermal 

dryer. 

Thermal dryer... 

1965 

Dola, WV...... 

Newton and 

Poland Mines, 

PA. 

Richwood, WV.. 

Deane, KY..... 

Corbin, KY.... 

03/18 

08/08 

King preparation 

plant. 

Moss #3 preparation plant. 

1966 

Hiawatha, BT.. 

South Clinchfield, VA. 

09/16 

Coal dust dispersed during cleanup 

operations ignited by welder. 

Coal dust in suspension ignited 

during a severe wind storm by a 

"blow back" from furnace. 

No. 1A Strip.... 

0 F 

1 I 

0 F 

0 I 

1 F 

0 1 

Shinnston, WV. 

1968 

Natural gas pipeline ruptured and 

ignited during blasting 

operations. 

01/22 

05/17 

08/ 15 

10/31 

Loveridge thermal dryer. 

NOS. 7 and 8 

preparation 

plant. 

Orient i15 raw 

coal tunnel. 

Thermal dryer.. . 

0 F 

2 I 

0 F 

0 1 

4 F 

0 I 

0 F 

1 I 

Fairview, WV.. 

Standardville, 

UT . 

Benton, IL.. . . 

Biggs, KY.. . . . 

Hot coals, discharged from cyclone 

dust collector, ignited fine coal 

 US t 

Coal chute fell after being cut by 

torch, resulting in dust ignited 

by torch. 

Making repairs to belt feeder, 

methane-air mixture ignited by 

torch. 

Dust ignited by burning coal particles in dryer. 
TABLE A-9. - Frictional and/or methane ignitions in surface 

facilities, 1959-79--Continued 

Date 

05/14 

Nature of ignition 

07/29 

Mine 

Fatal 

or 

injured 

1969 

Federal iI2 pumphouse building. 

1970 

-. . - 

04/20 1 Jenkinj ones I Jenkinjones, I Dust ignited by smoldering coal or I 0 F 

Locat ion 

Consol /I9 surface building. 

02/14 

I thermal dryer. I WV. I sparks present in cyclones or duct 1 4 I 

Micacle Run, 

WV. 

work. 

02/06 Lumberport, WV Dust ignited when fan pulled hot 

material into exhaust dusts and 

cyclones. 

Gas from borehole collected in 

building and ignited by electrical 

Farmington, WV 

Amherstdale, 

WV. 

Lighted torch placed on acetylene 

tank, flame heated oxygen cylinder 

and it exploded. 

02/06 

1971 

Humphrey /I7 

preparation 

plant. 

Robinson Run /I95 

thermal dryer. 

0 F 

0 I 

1 F 

2 I 

Guyan /I1 preparation plant. 

06/08 1 Splashdam #2 I Haysi, VA..... I Lightning set off one hole of blast I 0 F 

Gas from sealed shaft leaked into 

building and ignited by electrical 

arc. 

Maidsville, WV 

071 12 

0 F 

0 I 

Coal dust ignited by torch......... 

1974 

Inland preparation plant. 

08/14 

0 F 

1 I 

10/19 

Jefferson 

County, IL. 

Strip. 

Smith & Rogos 

Strip. 

10130 

Captain Shop.. .. 

- 

Coal dust in froth tank ignited by 

torch. 

Brandy Camp, 

PA. 

1975 

Bee Hive surface 

gallery belt 

structure. 

0 F 

1 I 

Cutler, IL.... 

Oil on inner surface of oxygen regulator ignited when oxygen valve 

was opened. 

Orangeville, 

UT 

Cut off exhaust hood; when it fell 

it resulted in dust cloud being 

ignited by torch. 

09/22 Galup, NM..... 

1 I 

1 F 

0 I 

Explosive vapors from inner liner 

and underlying materials of truck 

tire ignited while welding rim. 

0 F 

2 1 

McKinley preparation plant. 

1 F 

0 I 

Overlying soil and rock caused roof 

to collapse; broken light bulb 

ignited dust. 

0 F 

0 I 
TABLE A-9. - Frictional and/or methane ignitions in surface 

facilities, 1959-79--Continued 

I 1 I 1 injured 

1976 

Date Locat ion Nature of ignition 

Fatal 

Mine or 

10112 

Oxygen regulator exploded, probably 

due to back charge of acetylene or 

other combustibles. 

07/12 Van, WV.... ... 

11/09 

0 F 

0 I 

No. 131 preparation plant. 

..... do......... 

1 1/ 1 1 

Wharton /I4 Shop. 

. 

..... do....... 

1977 

Preparation 

Plant /,1. 

03/01 

Wharton, We.. 

01/18 

05/05 

Pump running "on air;" steam pressure caused pump to burst. 

Mavisdale, VA. 

Methane liberated at top of well; 

ignited by smoking. 

Welch fl Shop... 

06/01 

0 F 

0 I 

Oxygen regulator exploded, probably 

due to back charge of acetylene. 

Bottom Creek /I2 

pumphouse. 

0 F 

6 I 

Revloc Mine fI32 

Shaft . 

06/10 

0 F 

1 I 

Methane accumulation in wellhouse 

ignited by electrical arc. 

Keystone, WV.. 

Welch, OK..... 

Robinson Run #95 

07/29 

0 F 

1 I 

Revloc, PA.. .. 

Lancashire 125 

clean coal 

storage silo. 

091 29 

Horseplay; homemade bomb exploded 

in victim's -. hand. 

Lumberport, WV 

Florence H2..... 

10131 

0 F 

1 I 

Torch slag ignited methane in 

shaft; victim struck by dislodged 

I-beam. 

Bakerton, PA.. 

Jenkinjones 

thermal dryer. 

12/04 

1 F 

0 I 

Methane from borehole ignited by 

electric arc from impact wrench. 

Huff, PA...... 

..... do......... 

12/06 

0 F 

1 I 

Torch used to enlarge chute opening 

while coal was discharging into 

silo; dust ignited. 

Welding at borehole being drilled 

igniting methane. 

Jenkinjones, 

WV. 

No. 51 preparation plant. 

0 F 

3 I 

High temperature in drying compartment ignited coal dust in 

suspension. 

..... do....... 

Revloc Mine H33. 

Ellsworth, PA. 

Explosive mixture of oil and coal 

ignited, throwing coal dust into 

suspension. 

Revloc, PA.... 

0 F 

0 I 

Boiler exploded owing to deterioration of supporting stays between 

firebox and wrapper sheet. 

0 F 

0 I 

Short in shielded 2,300-volt cable 

to submersible pump ignited methane at borehole. 

0 F 

0 I 
Jenkinj ones 

thermal dryer. 

Valley Camp P41 

battery

charging 

station. 

shed ignited dust within loadout 

facilities. 

Jenkinj ones, 

WV. 

Shrews burg, WV 

i 

0 I 

preparation 

plant. 

Atomized fuel oil being fed into 

furnace ignited by heat from 

burner. 

Batteries charged with covers 

closed; hydrogen gas ignited by 

unknown source. 

4Fli.S. COVERNVSNT FRINTIS: OFFICE : 1983 0-396-320/442