COAL CONTRACTOR 

MINING FACTS–2008

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 

March 2011

An independent contractor is defined by the Mine Safety 

and Health Administration (MSHA) as “any person, 

partnership, corporation, subsidiary of a corporation, 

firm, association or other organization that contracts to 

perform services or construction at a mine.” Contractors 

that perform specific types of work are required to report 

the number of employees who work at coal mines and 

noncoal mines. 

Companies 

In 2008, a total of 3,467 independent contracting companies 

reported employment at coal mines, or 36.1% of all 

independent contracting companies. 

Employees 

A total of 43,772 employees,1 corresponding to 26,321 

full-time equivalent (FTE)2 employees, were reported by 

coal contractors.

Within the mining sectors,3 coal contractor employees 

comprised 7.7% of all employee hours reported to 

MSHA. 

Coal contractor employee hours were reported for 

both underground (15.6%) and surface (84.4%) 

work locations.4

0

50

100

150

200

250

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Number of Employee Hours (millions) Coal Operator Metal Operator Nonmetal Operator Stone Operator Sand & Gravel Oper Coal Contractor Noncoal Contractor

Fatalities 

Twelve occupational fatalities occurred among coal contractor employees in 2008. These coal fatalities accounted 

for 70.6% of all contractor fatalities. 

The coal contractor fatality rate was 48.3 [95% 

confidence interval (CI): 25.0, 84.4] fatalities per 

100,000 FTE employees. The underground rate was 

not calculated because the number of fatalities was 

less than 5 (n=3). The surface work location rate was 

43.4 [CI: 19.9, 82.5] (n=9).

0

2

4

6

8

10

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Number of Occupational Fatalities

Underground Surface

Nonfatal Lost-time Injuries 

There were 481 nonfatal lost-time injuries among coal 

contractor employees (168 at underground and 313 at 

surface work locations) with an overall rate of 1.9 [CI: 

1.8, 2.1] injuries per 100 FTE employees. These injuries 

resulted in 24,099 days lost from work.5

The underground nonfatal lost-time injury rate was 

greater than the surface injury rate (4.1 [CI: 3.5, 4.7] 

vs. 1.5 [CI: 1.3, 1.7] per 100 FTE workers). 

The most frequent classification of nonfatal lost-time 

injuries for coal contractor employees involved 

slip or fall of person (n=147; 30.6%), followed by 

handling materials (n=131; 27.2%). 

Sprains and strains were the most frequently reported 

nature of injury (n=160; 33.3%). 

The back was the most frequently reported body part 

injured (n=73; 15.2%) and accounted for 3,265 days 

lost from work. 

Distribution of Nonfatal Lost-time Injuries by Accident Class, 2008 (N=481)

30.6%

27.2%

12.7%

9.8%

8.1%

5.0%

6.7% Slip or fall of person

Handling materials

Powered haulage Machinery

Hand tools

Fall of ground

All other

Sum of percentages may not equal 

100% due to independent rounding. 

Note: "Fall of ground" includes MSHA's Accident/Injury/Illness class for fall of face, rib, pillar, side, or highwall; fall of 

roof, back, or brow; and machinery cases when the source of injury was caving rock, coal, ore, or waste.
Mine and Employment Characteristics, 2008

Commodity and Number of Mining Operations 1 2 Number of Employees Number of FTE Employees

Type of Employer Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total Underground Surface Total 

Coal Operator 665 1,464 2,129 40,370 49,685 90,055 45,866 54,312 100,178

Metal Operator 105 188 293 5,844 33,282 39,126 5,842 34,840 40,682

Nonmetal Operator 44 676 720 2,579 20,454 23,033 2,725 20,534 23,260

Stone Operator 111 4,522 4,633 1,875 77,100 78,975 2,029 74,720 76,749

Sand and Gravel Operator NA 7,132 7,132 NA 42,307 42,307 NA 33,343 33,343

Operator Total 925 13,982 14,907 50,668 222,828 273,496 56,462 217,750 274,212

Number of Companies

Coal Contractor NA NA 3,467 6,262 37,510 43,772 4,105 22,216 26,321

Noncoal Contractor NA NA 6,128 2,992 72,459 75,451 1,998 38,088 40,086

Contractor Total NA NA 9,595 9,254 109,969 119,223 6,103 60,304 66,407

TOTAL 59,922 332,797 392,719 62,565 278,054 340,620

Commodity and 

Type of Employer

Coal Operator 12 26.2 6 11.9 18 18.7 2,103 4.6 768 1.5 2,871 3.0

Metal Operator 3 NC 2 NC 5 13.8 163 2.8 649 2.1 812 2.2

Nonmetal Operator 1 NC 1 NC 2 NC 95 3.5 412 2.4 507 2.5

Stone Operator 1 NC 6 9.4 7 10.6 33 1.6 1,593 2.5 1,626 2.5

Sand and Gravel Operator NA NA 3 NC 3 NC NA NA 550 1.9 550 1.9

Operator Total 17 30.1 18 9.4 35 14.2 2,394 4.2 3,972 2.1 6,366 2.6

Coal Contractor 3 NC 9 43.4 12 48.3 168 4.1 313 1.5 481 1.9

Noncoal Contractor 0 NC 5 13.9 5 13.2 38 1.9 463 1.3 501 1.3

Contractor Total 3 NC 14 24.7 17 27.1 206 3.4 776 1.4 982 1.6

TOTAL 20 32.0 32 12.9 52 16.8 2,600 4.2 4,748 1.9 7,348 2.4

Mining Occupational Fatalities and Injuries, 2008

Total Underground Surface Total

Nonfatal Lost-time Injuries (per 100 FTE employees)

Rate Rate No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate 

Occupational Fatalities (per 100,000 FTE employees)

Underground Surface

 No. No. Rate No.

NA Not applicable. NC Not calculated when N is less than 5. 95% CI for rates reported on reverse side. Totals may not sum due to independent rounding. 

Data source: Publicly released employment and accident/injury/illness data collected by MSHA under 30 CFR 50. 

Notes: All analyses of accident data exclude office employees. Occupational fatalities exclude all cases under 17 years of age. Further 

statistical methodology is available on the NIOSH Internet [http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/statistics/method.htm]. Caution should be 

used when interpreting rates based on a small number of events. 

1Average number of employees working at individual mines during calendar quarters of active operations (includes office workers). 

2 Full-time equivalent employees computed using reported employee hours (2,000 hours = 1 FTE). 

3Mining sectors include coal operators, metal operators, nonmetal operators, stone operators, sand and gravel operators, coal contractors, 

 and noncoal contractors. 

4

Surface work locations include surface operations at underground mines, surface operations (strip or open pit), auger, culm banks, 

 dredge, independent shops and yards, and mills or preparation plants. 

5

Includes actual days away from work and/or days of restricted work activity. For permanently disabling injuries only, statutory days 

 charged by MSHA were used if they exceeded the total lost workdays. 

To receive documents or other information about 

occupational safety and health topics, contact NIOSH at 

Telephone: 1–800–CDC–INFO (1–800–232–4636) 

TTY: 1–888–232–6348

E-mail: cdcinfo@cdc.gov

or visit the NIOSH Web site at www.cdc.gov/niosh. 

DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2011–168