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Mining Publication: The Fate of Metal (Fe) During Diesel Combustion: Morphology, Chemistry, and Formation Pathways of Nanoparticles
Keywords: Carbon Chemistry Diesel fuel Diesel particulate matter Iron 
 Microscopy Spectroscopy
Original creation date: April 2007
Authors: AL Miller, GG Ahlstrand, DB Kittelson, MR Zachariah
Peer Reviewed Journal Article - April 2007
Download PDF Document (1.50 MB)
NIOSHTIC2 Number: 20032036
Combust Flame 2007 Apr; 149(1-2):129-143
This report describes an investigation in which we used iron-doped diesel fuel to generate metal-bearing diesel particles and a subsequent analysis of the particles using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). For this study, DPM was generated by a 1.5-L diesel engine and the fuel was doped with ferrocene to enhance the level of iron in the system. The exhaust particles were collected on TEM grids and analyzed using the Philips CM12 TEM/EDS instrument. Results show that when the iron-to-carbon (soot) ratio (Fe/C) in the engine is low, the exhaust particles have morphologies similar to those for the undoped case, but at a threshold Fe/C value of 0.013 (for this engine), homogeneously nucleated metallic nanoparticles are formed and begin agglomerating. The number and size of these nanoparticles increase with level of doping. Metal-bearing particles that span a wider size range are also formed. Agglomeration of metallic and carbon particles is observed in two distinct modes: attachment of iron primary particles (5-10 nm in diameter) to carbon agglomerates, and coagulation of iron agglomerates (20-200 nm in diameter) with carbon agglomerates. Results of this work imply that as new engine technologies reduce soot levels in the engine and/or levels of trace metals in the fuel are increased, the generation of metallic nanoparticles may ensue, creating a potential health concern
Image of publication The Fate of Metal (Fe) During Diesel Combustion: Morphology, Chemistry, and Formation Pathways of NanoparticlesPeer Reviewed Journal Article - April 2007
Download PDF Document (1.50 MB)
NIOSHTIC2 Number: 20032036
Combust Flame 2007 Apr; 149(1-2):129-143
See Also
Aerosols Emitted in Underground Mine Air by Diesel Engine Fueled with Biodiesel
Effectiveness of Iron-Based Fuel Additives for Diesel Soot Control
The Effects of Water Emulsified Fuel on Diesel Particulate Matter Concentrations in Underground Mines
Morphological and Elemental Classification of Freshly Emitted Soot Particles and Atmospheric Ultrafine Particles using the TEM/EDS
Mutagenicity of Biodiesel or Diesel Exhaust Particles and the Effect of Engine Operating Conditions
A Predictive Model for Elemental Carbon, Organic Carbon and Total Carbon Based on Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Measurements of Filter-collected Diesel Particulate Matter
Real-Time Estimation of Elemental Carbon Emitted from a Diesel Engine
Sampling Results of the Improved SKC� Diesel Particulate Matter Cassette
Technology News 514 - The Air Quantity Estimator (AQE): A New Computer Software Tool for Large-opening Mine Ventilation Planning
Towards a Field-Portable Real-Time Organic and Elemental Carbon Monitor
Page last reviewed: September 21, 2012
Page last updated: September 21, 2012
Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Mining Program
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