By Gerald L. Finfinger and Joseph Cervik 

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

Cecil D. Andrus, Secretary 

BUREAU OF MINES 

Lindsay D. Norman, Acting Director 
This publication has been cataloged as follows: 

Finfinger, Gerald L 

Review of horizontal drilling technology for methane 

drainage from U.S. coalbeds. 

(Information circular - E3~lreau of Vines , 882')) 

Bibliography. pu 18- 10. 

1, (,oal mines and m~n~ng-United btate5-Safety measures, 2. 

\line gases. 3, iiethane, 4, Boring, I, Cerkik, Joseph, joint author, 

11. litle.. 111. Series [Tnited States, Burearl of !line\, Irlformation 

circular , 882')* 

TN295.U4 622s [622'.81 80-13976 

J 
CONTENTS 

Page 

Abstract ................................................................ Introduction ............................................................ Underground drill equipment ............................................. Drainage and control technologies ....................................... Experience with horizontal drilling ..................................... Pittsburgh coalbed. Pa . and W . Va .................................. Sunnyside coalbed. Utah ............................................ Beckley coalbed. W . Va ............................................. Mary Lee and "Blue Creekvv coalbeds. Ala. ........................... Pocahontas No . 3 coalbed. Va ....................................... Hartshorne coalbed. Okla ........................................... tlBlv seam. Colo ..................................................... Summa7 ................................................................. References .............................................................. Appendix.--Drill units .................................................. 

ILLUSTRATIONS 

Handheld air drill ................................................. Post-mounted electrohydraulic drill ................................ Longyear horizontal drill .......................................... Longyear power unit ................................................ Lambert drill ....... ............................................... Acker Drill Co . drill .............................................* 

J . H . Fletcher and Co . drill ....................................... Longyear Drill Co . drill ........................................... 9 . Victor drill ....................................................... 10 . Dresser drill ...................................................... 11 . Atlas Copco drill.. ................................................ 12 . Spring-loaded ball valve that closes automatically to prevent the 

flow of methane under unsafe conditions .......................... 13 . Steel pipeline. 314-inch PVC pipe. sensor head ..................... 
REVIEW OF HORIZONTAL DRILLING TECHNOLOGY 

FOR METHANE DRAINAGE FROM US. COALBEDS 

by 

Gerald L. Fin finger ' and Joseph Cervik 

ABSTRACT 

This BureauofMines publication reviews underground methane drainage programs being conducted in various coalbeds. Equipmentused in drainage programs 

suchas drills, undergroundpipelines,and methanemonitoring systems is described. 

INTRODUCTION 

The Bureau of Mines has been conducting research in mine safety since its 

inception in 1910. Because uncontrolled release of methane from a coalbed is 

a serious safety hazard in underground coal mining, the Bureau has conducted an 

extensive program to study methods of controlling methane emissions. An important part of this program is the work done to determine the feasibility and 

effect of methane drainage from coalbeds before mining. Previous work includes 

studies aimed at understanding the formation and migration of methane in coalbeds (2, 8)3 and field test methods to remove methane ahead of mining (5-6, 9). - - 

One of-thg most effective methods of degasification has been the drilling ofsmall-diameter (3- to 3-1/2-inch) drainage holes horizontally into the coalbed. Horizontal holes have recently been drilled to lengths more than 

2,000 feet by Bureau personnel and others (4, - 10, 13). - A large part of the 

Bureau's research effort has been directed toward developing safe and efficient techniques for drilling boreholes and conveying the flow of methane to 

the surface. 

Experience has shown that underground horizontal boreholes have a great 

potential for producing large-volume flows of methane. Every foot drilled in 

the coalbed from underground locations is productive and gasflows increase as 

hole length increases. In using horizontal boreholes, dewatering pumps are 

not necessary because gas pressure forces water out of the hole so that 

methane can be recovered through the use of simple and inexpensive gas-water 

separators. 

1 Geologist. 

a Sdpervisory Geophysicist. 

All authors are with the Pittsburgh Research Center, Bureau of Mines, 

Pittsburgh, Pa. 

3 Underlined numbers in parentheses refer to items in the list of references 

preceding the appendix. 
FIGURE 1. - Handheld air drill. 

trajectory, and designed, 

built, and tested a longhole - drill-unit for drilling 

horizontal boreholes to at 

least 1,000 feet. 

E. J. Longyear CO.~ designed the Bureau's first electrohydraulic longhole 

drill equipment (figs. 3-4). The drill unit is equipped with gages to monitor: 

bit rotational speed, torque, and thrust. The thrust potential of the drill 

unit is 13,000 pounds at 2,000 psi hydraulic pressure. Feed length is about 

11 feet and the overall length of the drill unit is about 18 feet. The power 

unit (fig. 4) consists of a 30-hp, 440 vac motor that drives hydraulic pumps 

to operate the thrust and spindle rotation motors on the drill unit. Using 

the Longyear drill, horizontal boreholes have been drilled to lengths of 

2,110 feet without reaching the capacity of the drill unit (4). - 

One disadvantage of the Longyear drill (fig. 3) is its 18-foot length, 

which makes it difficult to maneuver in underground locations. The drill 

could be shortened to facilitate underground handling, but then the 11-foot 

feed would be sacrificed. An electrohydraulic longhole drill that is much 

4This report includes discussion of drills developed for horizontal drilling 

underground. Comprehensive coverage of all drills that may be used for 

such purpose is not intended. 

5~eference to specific equipment, trade names, or manufacturers does not imply 

endorsement by the Bureau of Mines. 
FIGURE 3. - Longyear horizontal drill. 

smaller and more compact than the Longyear drill (fig. 5) was designed by the 

Bureau and constructed by Lambert Drilling Co. Although the feed length is 

limited to 2 feet, the Bureau's experience indicates that bit control during 

drilling is not affected by frequent interruptions in drilling because of the 

short feed length. A particular disadvantage of the Lambert drill is the slow 

retraction after the spindle has been extended its maximum length. Some horizontal boreholes have been drilled to 2,500 feet with no indications that the 

drill had reached its capacity (10). Bit thrust potential of the drill is 

34,000 pounds at 2,000 psi hydraulic pressure. The drill is equipped with 
FIGURE 5. - Larnbert drill 
FIGURE 6. - Acker Drill Co. drill. 
FIGURE 7. - J. H. Fletcher and Co. drill. 

pump from the reservoir on the power unit to the drill unit. Therefore, the 

drills can be used in return airways while the power unit remains in fresh 

air. The Acker, Fletcher, and Lambert drills are equipped with hydraulic 

chucks that greatly reduce the time of chucking and pipe pulling operations. 

Longyear, Inc., designed a second electrohydraulic drill with the drill 

and permissible power unit mounted on the same frame (fig. 8). Because the 

drill unit cannot be separated from the power unit, its use is limited to 

intake air and face areas except in States where permissible equipment can be 

operated in return airways. The drill is a smaller version of the first drill 

Longyear designed (fig. 3); feed length is only 6 feet compared with the 

11-foot length of the first drill. The drill is equipped with a hydraulic 

chuck and gages to monitor bit thrust, torque, and rotational speed. 
FIGURE 8. - Longyear Drill Co. drill. 

Other drills that can be used t o d r i l l horizontal boreholes are manufactured in Europe and marketed in the United States. These drills are electrohydraulic, smaller and lighter than the preceding five drills, and generally 

are mounted on posts. In Europe, these drills are used to drill methane 

drainage holes into strata above the mined coalbed. The Victor Minotaur drill 

(fig. 9) marketed by Dowty Corp. , Pittsburgh, Pa. , the Boyles Bros. Model HNH 

drill (fig. 10) marketed by Dresser Industries, Inc., Dallas, Tex. , and the 

Atlas Copco Diamec 250 drill (fig. 11) marketed by Christensen Diamond 

Products, Salt Lake City, Utah, are similar in construction. Each has a drill 

head that is mounted on a feed frame. The feed length ranges from 2.5 feet 

for the Victor drill to 5 feet for the Atlas Copco and to 7 feet for the 

Boyles' drill. The Atlas Copco drill will probably require modification 

before it can be used routinely for drilling in coalbeds because the thrust 

and rotation cannot be controlled independently; such control is essential 

for change in bit inclination. For ease in underground maneuvering, each of 

these drills can be fitted with axles and wheels. 



Horizontal drilling technology has been developed by the Bureau to the 

point where lengths of 1,000 feet are easily attained (12). In some cases, 

holes have been drilled to 2,100 feet, but with difficuEy (4). Surveying 

to determine bit angle is an important part of horizontal drTlling. Boreholes should be surveyed at least every 20 feet to determine bit inclination. 

If the bit begins to deviate from its programmed trajectory, bit thrust and 

rotational speed must be changed to keep the bit within the coalbed. Bit 

inclination can be determined using commercially available pumpdown equipment 

such as the single-shot instruments by Sperry Sun and Eastman Well Surveying 

Co. An in-hole cableless surveying unit is being developed by Ensco under 

contract with the Bureau. 

DRAINAGE AND CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 

Drainage of the large volumes of methane produced from horizontal holes 

requires underground pipelines to transport methane to the surface. Underground methane pipelines for gob gas have been used by the coal mining 

industry in Germany since 1943 (1). After World War 11, increased production 

due to mechanization, and mining-of deeper and gassier coalbeds, necessitated 

methane drainage throughout European coalfields, where it now is a fully 

integrated part of longwall mining (3). - 

Most underground methane pipelines in the United States are experimental 

and use both steel and plastic lines. Because of the risk of damage from roof 

falls and bottom heaving, it is important to include a means of shutting off 

the flow of methane from the drainage hole to prevent methane from escaping 

from a damaged or faulty pipeline. Automatic shut-in of each horizontal hole 

is accomplished by means of a spring-loaded ball valve (normally closed) that 

is held open with 55 psig of compressed air (fig. 12) supplied by a small 

compressor (1 cfm, 50 psig). Compressed air is piped to the pneumatic valve 

for each hole through brittle polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe strapped to the 

top of the pipeline along its entire length (fig. 13). Methane sensing and 

control systems, which are commercially available, vent the compressed air 

line and consequently close the pneumatic valves should abnormal methane concentrations be detected. The pneumatic valves close automatically when a 

sensor malfunctions, when an electrical line to a sensor is cut or broken, or 

when the PVC pipe is broken by a roof fall. Requirements for underground 

methane pipelines will vary depending upon the type of pipe, the location of 

the pipeline, and the amount of methane gas transported. Guidelines for 

installation, maintenance, and safe operation of underground pipelines have 

been developed by the Bureau (16) - and MSHA (15). - 

FIGURE 13. - Steel pipeline, 3i4-inch PVC pipe, sensor head. 
EXPERIENCE WITH HORIZONTAL DRILLING 

Since the characteristics of different coalbeds vary, the parameters used 

for horizontal drilling may also vary. Therefore, using horizontal boreholes, 

the Bureau is conducting field demonstrations in cooperation with operators of 

mines located in areas not previously degasif ied. 

Over the past5years, industry interest in methane drainage has grown and 

is expected to accelerate in the next 5 years with the development of horizontal drilling technology, longhole drill equipment, methane sensing.and control 

systems, and guidelines for installing, maintaining, and operating underground 

pipelines. In addition, the demonstration projects have shown that large 

volumes of methane can be removed from coalbeds with up to 70 pct reduction of 

methane flows as the degasified zone is mined (5, 10, 13). --- 

Pittsburgh Coalbed, Pa. and W. Va. 

Much of the initial degasification work by the BureauofMines on degasification of coalbeds was done inthe Pittsburgh coalbed. The most recent project 

was the drilling of four long, horizontal boreholes into virgin coal inBethlehem Mines Corp.'s Marianna No. 58 mine. The total length of the holes drilled 

was about 5,700 feet; one hole was 2,500 feet long. After 500 days, more than 

100 MMcf of methane had been removed frcxn the coalbed, Preliminary results 

indicate that methane emissions from the face area were reduced by 80 pct. 

Bethlehem Mines Corp. is currently investigating the possibility of applying 

methane drainage to other mines using similar techniques. 

Eastern Associated Coal Corp. is experimenting in the Federal No. 2 mine 

with a tunnel-boring machine that is driving an entry 6,000 feet into virgin 

coal. Although the advance rate of the tunnel has been slow and consequently 

methane problems have been minimal, horizontal drainage holes are being 

drilled in advance of the machine to control methane flows at the face of the 

tunnel. Boreholes are drilled to about 1,000 feet with a Longyear electrchydraulic drill (fig, 8). Longyear designed the drill for drilling in limited 

space and, consequently, the drill and power units are mounted in line on a 

single frame. The feed length is about 6 feet and the total length of the 

drill unit is about 12 feet, Drilling is conducted on intake air only. 

Consolidation Coal Co. (Consol) has experimented with both rotary and nonrotary horizontal drilling techniques. While the Bureau uses only a rotating 

drill string (4), Consol developed a nonrotating drill string with a downhole 

drill motor and a patented deflection device. Consol claims this technique 

provides more positive control of borehole deviation, both vertically and 

laterally and that it appears to be faster although somewhat more difficult to 

operate. The company has designed and developed a mobile horizontal drill rig 

and a borehole survey instrument (14). The survey instrument not only measures 

the pitch and roll of the bit, butalso the azimuth of the borehole and the 

thickness of the coalbed ahead of mining (14). The drilling system hasdrilled 

more than 20,000 feet of horizontal borehoGs to reduce methane face emissions 

in advancing sections. Horizontal boreholes 1,000 feet long are routinely completed in eight working shifts including setup time. The greatest effect of 
boreholes drilled in advance of mining is in face areas, where up to 68 pct 

decline in methane concentrations is reported. Methane flows in the returns 

lwere reduced by 50 pct (14). - 

Lykes Resources, Inc., is planning an extensive methane drainage program 

at the newly opened Emerald mine located in Waynesburg, Pa. Underground 

degasification will be conducted with Acker Drilling Co. 's "Big John" drill 

(fig. 6). Methane from the horizontal holes will be transported to the surface 

using a polyethylene pipeline. Drilling techniques will be similar to those 

developed by the Bureau in earlier studies. 

1 Sunnyside Coalbed, Utah 

Kaiser Steel Corp. is currently working with the Bureau of Mines on 

degasifying an area of coal at its Sunnyside No. 1 mine that will not be mined 

for 2 or 3 years. Two horizontal boreholes (9) 500 feet long have removed 

60 MMcf of methane over a 16-month period. ~creau personnel will begin the 

drilling of three long horizontal boreholes at the end of 1979. The methane 

will be carried through a pipeline to the surface where it will be burned,in 

the mine's coal cleaning plant. Kaiser Steel Corp. is planning to continue 

the drilling program if results are successful. 

Becklev Coalbed. W. Va. 

A recent drilling program was conducted by the Bureau of Mines and the 

Maple Mining Co. at the Maple Meadow mine in the Beckley coalbed in southern 

West Virginia. Eight holes, with a total length of 4,850 feet, were recently 

drilled from the bottom of a 24-foot-diameter ventilation shaft that was sunk 

3 years in advance of mining. Results from the project are not yet available 

since the drilling was only recently completed, although methane drainage 

rates are low because the shaft bottom is located in a synclinal area that is 

draining water from a large area of the coalbed. 

Mary Lee and "Blue Creek1' Coalbeds, Ala. 

Jim Walter Resources, Inc. , is presently working with the Bureau of Mines 

on investigating longhole drilling to intercept methane flows in the Mary Lee 

and "Blue Creek1' coalbeds. Several short holes were drilled in mines No. 3 

and 4, located near Birmingham, Ala. The coalbed is highly fractured, and may 

be under local stress resulting in holes caving immediately after drilling. 

Attempts are now being made to guide long horizontal boreholes into specific 

heights of the upper or lower portion of the coalbed. A successful hole, 

1,000 feet deep, has recently been drilled in the lower portion of the coalbed 

with a resulting initial methane flow of 200,000 cfd. If further tests are 

successful, the mine plans to initiate its own drilling program. The mine 

operators are requesting approval to use a polyethylene pipeline to transport 

the methane to the vertical drill hole for subsequent sale or utilization. An 

Acker "Big Johnf1 drill unit will be used for the drilling program. 

United States Steel Corp. has been drilling horizontal boreholes to intercept methane flows at the Oak Grove mine near Birmingham, Ala., since 1976. 
Fifteen holes have been drilled in the Blue Creek coalbed; the longest hole is 

1,040 feet. Drilling rates have ranged from 15 to 115 feet per 5-hour shift. 

The drill unit used is a Joy face-type that was modified by Acker Drill Co. 

Control of the bit path is similar to the method developed by the Bureau of 

Mines. 

The gas drained by the holes is transported to the surface through a 

steel pipeline. Gas flows have been reported as high as 100,000 cfd from a 

1,000-foot hole. 

Pocahontas No. 3 Coalbed. Va. 

Preliminary tests have been conducted in the Pocahontas No. 3 coalbed by 

Island Creek Coal Co. at the Virginia Pocahontas No. 5 mine to determine the 

effectiveness of methane drainage techniques in advance of mining. Horizontal 

boreholes were drilled to depths of 500 feet into virgin coal. As mining 

advanced into the degasified zone, tests indicatedsubstantiallylessquantities 

of methane than in other areas of the mine. The company has purchased an 

Acker drill unit and has successfully drilled several horizontal boreholes to 

depths of over 1,000 feet in approximately seven shifts, not counting setup 

time. The methane produced from the horizontal boreholes is transported to 

the surface through an underground plastic pipeline (17). - 

Hartshorne Coalbed. Okla. 

Since 1975 Ker-McGee Corp. has been drilling long horizontal boreholes at 

the Choctaw mine in Stigler, Okla., to drain methane from the Hartshorne coalbed. Boreholes have been drilled successfully to 3,000 feet using in-hole 

motors. Approximately 20 horizontal boreholes have already been completed and 

an additional 20 holes are being planned. Cumulative gas flow rates as high 

as 2 MMcf per day have been reported. 

l1Bf1 Seam. Colo. 

Mid-Continent Coal and Coke Corp. is removing methane from gob areas of 

an advancing longwall in the Dutch Creek mine located at Carbondale, Colo., 

by drilling holes into overlying strata (11). The 2-inch-diameter boreholes 

are drilled to 150 feet on 50-foot centerr An EDECO minihydrac drill is 

used to drill the holes at an inclination of 60". The gas is transported to 

the surface through a 6,000-foot pipeline. Vacuum is applied to the boreholes 

by Nash vacuum pumps that are located on the surface. This method of methane 

drainage is patterned after methods used in Great Britain and Europe where 

advancing longwall mining is common. 

SUMMARY 

The Bureau of Mines has shown through field demonstrations that horizontal boreholes drilled into the coalbed are an effective method of intercepting 

methane flows. As a result of research and development efforts by the Bureau 

and industry, equipment for drilling from underground locations is now available from commercial sources. Drilling long horizontal boreholes can now be 
accomplished in most coalbeds. The equipment needed to safely transport the 

methane to the surface is also commercially available. Publications by the 

Bureau are cited that discuss how to drill horizontally in coalbeds and how 

to safely handle the methane. 

As deeper coalbeds are mined, the need for advance methane drainage will 

become a necessity instead of an option. Proper planning in the early stages, 

long before the mine is opened, will result not only in a safer work environment, but in a potentially more profitable operation by reducing ventilation 

costs and increasing production. 
REFERENCES 

Bromilow, J. C., and J. H. Jones. Drainage and Utilization of Fire Damp. 

Colliery Eng., v. 32, No. 6, June 1955, pp. 222-232. 

Cervik, J. Behavior of Coal-Gas Reservoirs. BuMines TPR 10, 1969, 10 pp. 

. Methane Control in Longwalls--European and U. S. Practices. Pres. 

at SME-AIME Ann. Meeting, New Orleans, La. , Feb. 18-22, 1979; available 

for consultation at Pittsburgh Research Center, Bureau of Mines, 

Pittsburgh, Pa. 

Cervik, J. , H. H. Fields, and G. N. Aul. Rotary Drilling ~oles in Coalbeds for Degasification. BuMines RI 8097, 1975, 21 pp. 

Fields, H. H. , J. Cervik, and T. W. Goodman. Degasification and Production of Natural Gas From an Air Shaft in the Pittsburgh Coalbed. 

BuMines RI 8173, 1976, 23 pp. 

Fields, H. H. , S. Krickovic, A. Sainato, and M. G. Zabetakis. Degasification of Virgin Pittsburgh Coalbed Through a Large Borehole. BuMines 

RI 7800, 1973, 27 pp. 

Hadden, J. D., and J. Cervik. Design and Development of Drill Equipment. 

BuMines TPR 11, 1969, 11 pp. 

Kim, A. G., and L. J. Douglas. Hydrocarbon Gases Produced in a Simulated 

Swamp Environment. BuMines RI 7690, 1972, 15 pp. 

Perry, J. H. , G. N. Aul, and J. Cervik. Methane Drainage Study in the 

Sunnyside Coalbed, Utah. BuMines RI 8323, 1978, 11 pp. 

Prosser, L. J. , Jr. , G. L. Finfinger, and J. Cervik. Methane Drainage 

at the Marianna No. 58 Mine Using Horizontal Boreholes, 1978, 46 pp.; 

available for consultation at Pittsburgh Research Center, Bureau of 

Mines, Pittsburgh, Pa. 

Reeves, J. A., Jr. Advancing Longwall Mining at Mid-Continent. Am. Min. 

Cong. J., v. 64, No. 7, July 1978, pp. 25-29. 

Rommel , R. R. , and L. A. Rives. Advanced Techniques for Drilling 1,000 Ft 

Small Diameter Horizontal Holes in a Coal Seam. Volume 1 (Contract No. 

H0111355). BuMines Open File Rept. 17(1)-76, 1973, 109 pp.; available 

for consultation at Bureau of Mines facilities in Denver, Colo. , Twin Cities, Minn. , Pittsburgh, Pa. , and Spokane, Wash. ; U. S. Department 

of Energy facility in Morgantown, W. Va.; National Library of Natural 

Resources, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. ; and 

National Technical Informa tion Service, U. S. Department of Commerce, 

Springfield, Va., PB 249 714lAS. 
13. Thakur, P. C., and J. G. Davis. How to Plan for Methane Control in Underground Mines. Min. Eng., v. 29, October 1977, pp. 41-45. 

14. Thakur, P. C., and W. N. Poundstone. Horizontal Drilling Technology for 

Advance Degasification. Pres. at SME-AIME Ann. Meeting, New Orleans, 

La., Feb. 18-22, 1979; available for consultationat Pittsburgh Research 

Center, Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, Pa. 

15. Tisdale, J. E., D. W. Mitchell, R. A. Elam, M. J. ~awless, and B. E. ~ayler. 

Piping Methane in Underground Coal Mines. MSHA IR 1094, 1978, 34 pp. 

16. Tongue, D. W., D. D. Schuster, R. Niedbala, and D. M. Bondurant. Design 

and Recommended Specifications for a Safe Methane Gas Piping System 

(Contract No. 50155145). BuMines Open File Rept. 109-76, 1976, 97 pp. ; 

available for consultation at Bureau of Mines facilities in Denver, 

Colo., Twin Cities, Minn., Pittsburgh, Pa., and Spokane, Wash.; 

U. S. Department of Energy facilities in Morgantown, W. Va. ; National 

Library of Natural Resources, U. S. Department of the Interior, 

Washington, D. C, ; and National Technical Information Service, U. S. 

Department of Commerce, Springfield, Va. , PB 50155145. 

17. Von Schonfeldt, Hilmar. Methane Recovery From Deep Seams. Pres. at 

Methane Recovery From Coalbeds Symp., Pittsburgh, Pa., Apr. 18-20, 

1979; available for consultation at Pittsburgh Research Center, 

Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
APPENDIX. --DRILL UNITS 

1. Acker Drill 

Acker Drill Co., Inc. 

Box 830 

Scranton, Pa. 18501 

2. Atlas Copco Drill 

Christensen Diamond Products 

P.O. Box 41136 

2215 Distributor's Dr. 

Park Fletcher 

Indianapolis, Ind. 46241 

3. Dresser Drill 

Dresser Industries, Inc. 

P. 0. Box 1879 

Columbus, Ohio 43216 

4. Longyear Drill 

Longyear Co. 

925 Delaware St., S.E. 

Minneapolis, Minn. 55414 

5. Fletcher Drill 

J. H. Fletcher and Co. 

P.O. Box 2143 

Huntington, W. Va. 25722 

6. Lambert Drill 

Sprague and Henwood, Inc. 

221 West Olive St. 

Scranton, Pa. 18501 

7. Victor Drill 

Dowty Corp. 

Progress St. 

Cranberry Industrial Park 

Zelienople, Pa. 16063 

f7U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1980-603-102186