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o-Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile																				Related Pages
										May 1994
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH)
**CAS number:** 2698–41–1
**NIOSH REL:** 0.05 ppm (0.4 mg/m3) CEILING [skin]
**Current OSHA PEL:** 0.05 ppm (0.4 mg/m3) TWA
**1989 OSHA PEL:** 0.05 ppm (0.4 mg/m3) CEILING [skin]
**1993-1994 ACGIH TLV:** 0.05 ppm (0.39 mg/m3) CEILING [skin]
**Description of Substance:** White crystalline solid with a pepper-like odor.
**LEL:** . . Unknown
**Original (SCP) IDLH:** 2 mg/m3
**Basis for original (SCP) IDLH:** The chosen IDLH is based on the Army [1961] report that a 2-minute exposure to concentrations between 2 and 10 mg/m3 was considered “intolerable” by 6 of 15 persons. Grant [1974] reported that human volunteers have found concentrations greater than 10 mg/m3 to be extremely irritating, intolerable for more than 30 seconds because of burning and pain in the eyes and chest [Punte et al. 1963].
**Short-term exposure guidelines:** None developed
**ACUTE TOXICITY DATA**
**Lethal concentration data:**

**Species**
    **Reference**
    **LC50** **(ppm)**
    **LCLo** **(ppm)**
    **Time**
    **Adjusted 0.5-hr** **LC (CF)**
    **Derived** **value**Rat MouseRabbitG. pig
    Ballantyne and Swanston 1978 Ballantyne and Swanston 1978Ballantyne and Swanston 1978Ballantyne and Swanston 1978
    ----- ---------------
    1,806 mg/m32,753 mg/m31,802 mg/m32,326 mg/m3
    45 min 20 min10 min10 min
    2,059 mg/m3 (1.14) 2,643 mg/m3 (0.96)1,243 mg/m3 (0.69)1,605 mg/m3 (0.69)
    206 mg/m3264 mg/m3124 mg/m3161 mg/m3
 **Other animal data:** RD50(mouse), 4.08 mg/m3 [Alarie 1981].
 **Human data:** It has been reported that median incapacitating concentrations range from 12 to 20 mg/m3 after about 20 seconds of exposure [U.S. Depts of Army and Air Force 1963] and that a 2-minute exposure to concentrations between 2 and 10 mg/m3 was considered "intolerable" by 6 of 15 persons [Army 1961]. In another study, 3 of 4 volunteers exposed to 1.5 mg/m3 for 90 minutes developed headaches and 1 volunteer developed slight eye and nose irritation; human volunteers have found concentrations greater than 10 mg/m3 to be extremely irritating and intolerable for more than 30 seconds because of burning and pain in the eyes and chest [Punte et al. 1963]. Exposures above 14 mg/m3 for 1 hour produced extreme irritation, erythema, and vesication of the skin of volunteers [Weigand 1969].
 
 **Revised IDLH:** 2 mg/m3 [Unchanged] **Basis for revised IDLH:** Based on acute inhalation toxicity data in human volunteers [Army 1961; Punte et al. 1963; U.S. Depts of Army and Air Force 1963; Weigand 1969], the original IDLH for o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (2 mg/m3) is not being revised at this time.
**REFERENCES:**
1. Alarie Y [1981]. Dose-response analysis in animal studies: prediction of human responses. Environ Health Perspect *42*:9-13.
2. Army [1961]. U.S. Army, Chemical Corps Safety Directive No. 385-12. Safety guide for processing, filling, handling and decontamination of CS and CS1. Edgewood Arsenal, MD: CML C SD-385-12, p. 4.
3. Ballantyne B, Swanston DW [1978]. The comparative acute mammalian toxicity of 1-chloroacetophenone (CN) and 2-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS). Arch Toxicol *40*:75-95.
4. Grant WM [1974]. Toxicology of the eye. 2nd ed. Springfield, IL: C.C. Thomas, pp. 263-264.
5. Punte CL, Owens EJ, Gutentag PJ [1963]. Exposures to ortho-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile: controlled human exposures. Arch Environ Health *6*:366-374.
6. U.S. Departments of the Army and Air Force [1963]. Military chemistry and chemical agents. Washington, DC: Army Technical Manual TM3-215; Air Force Manual AFM 355-7, December 1963.
7. Weigand DA [1969]. Cutaneous reaction to the riot control agent CS. Milit Med *134*:437.

			
							
								Page last reviewed:  December 4, 2014						Content
							source: 	National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH Publications & Products
Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health (IDLH) Values
Table of IDLH Values
Criteria for Determining IDLH Values
Historical Documentation
Original (SCP) Values
Abbreviations for IDLH Documentation
Abbreviations for Journal Titles Follow NIOSH Facebook
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