I ! 

I I 

BUREAU OF MINES 

INFORMATION CIRCULAR/1988 

Characterization of the 1986 

Metal and Nonmetal Mining 

Workforce 

By Shail J. Butani and Ann M. Bartholomew 

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 
Information Circular 9193 

Characterization of the 1986 

Metal and Nonmetal Mining 

Workforce 

By Shail J. Butani and Ann M. Bartholomew 

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

Donald Paul Hodel, Secretary 

BUREAU OF MINES 

T S Ary, Director 
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 

Butani, Shail J. 

Characterization of the 1986 metal and nonmetal mining workforce. 

ilnformation cIrcular; 9193) 

Bibliogr;;ph,,: p. 7 

Supt. of Docs. no.: I 28.27:9193 

1. Miners-United States. L Bartholomew, Ann M. II. Titlt;;. Ill. Series: Information 

circular (Unitt;;d States. Bureau of Mines) ; 9193. 

TN23.U43 622 s 331.7'622'0973 88-600141 HD8039.M6l U44 
CONTENTS 

Page Page 

Abstract .......... ... ..... ......... ....... ... ....... ... .... ........ 1 Summary of major findings ................................. 5 

Introduction ..................................................... .) Application of data for injury analyses .................. '7 

Acknowledgments .............................................. 2 Recommendations for future work ........................ 7 

Survey methodology ........................................... 2 References ........................................................ 7 

Population .................................................... 2 Appendix A.-Metal and nonmetal mi::ling industry 

Sample ......................................................... 3 job title grouping ............................................. ~ 

Data collection ............................................... 3 Appendix B.-Metal and nonmetal mining industry 

Data coding, entering, and editing ..................... 3 equipment operated grouping .............................. 11 

Estimation procedures .. ... .... .......... . .... ...... .... . .. 3 Appendix C.-Estimation procedures ..................... 13 

Grouping of characteristics ............................... 4. Appendix D.-Reliability of estimates: random group 

lob title and principal equipment operated ........ 4 variance technique ............................................ 14 

Employment size class .................................. 4 Appendix E.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 

Present job, present company, and total mining workforce estimates .......................................... Ii) 

experience .. ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ............ 4. Appendix F.-Mining industry population survey 

lob-related training during last 2 years ............. 4. letters and questionnaire .................................... 49 

Age .......................................................... 4 

Reliability of estimates ..................................... 4 

Validation of estimates ..................................... 5 

ILWSTRATIONS 

1. Percentage of 1986 metal and nonmetal mining workforce with at least a high school diploma, byag-e ................. 6 

2. Percentage of 1986 metal and nonmetal mining workforce with at least a high school diploma, by sex .................. 7 

3. Percentage of 1986 metal and nonmetal mining workforce with at least a high school diploma, by race ................ 7 

TABLES 

1. Population and injury statistics for 1986 metal and nonmetal mining sector ................................................ . 

2. Demographics survey response status: 1986 metal and nonmetal mining sector .......................................... .. 

Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimatesE-1. Employment size class, by type of ore mined .................................................................................................... .. 

E-2. Job title, by type of ore mined ............................................................................................................................. . 

E-3. Principal equipment operated, by type of ore mined ............................................................................... " ........ .. 

E-4. Work location at mine, by type of ore mined ...................................................................................................... . 

E-5. Experience at job, company, and mining, by type of ore mined ........................................................................ . 

E-6. 'rraining received, by type of ore mined .............................................................................................................. . 

E-7. Age distribution, by type of ore mined ............................................................................................................... . 

E-8. Sex, race, and education, by type of ore mined .................................................................................................. . 

E-9. Job title, by employment size class ..................................................................................................................... . 

E-I0. Principal equipment operated, by employment size class ................................................................................ .. 

E-l1. Work location at mine, by employment size class ............................................................................................. .. 

E-12. Experience at job, company, and mining, by employment size class ................................................................ . 

E-13. 'rraining received, by employment size class ...................................................................................................... . 

E-14. Age distribution, by employment size class ....................................................................................................... .. 

E-15. Sex, race, and education, by employment size class ......................................................................................... .. 

E-16. Job title, by principal equipment operated ........................................................................................................ .. 

E-17. Job title, by work location at mine ..................................................................................................................... . 

E-18. Job title, by years of experience at job ................................................................................................................ . 

E-19. Job title, by years of experience at company ..................................................................................................... .. 

E-20. Job title, by years of mining experience ............................................................................................................. . 

E-21. Job title, by hours of training received in last 2 yr ........................................................................................... . 

E-22. Job title, by years of age ..................................................................................................................................... .. 

E-23. Job title, by sex ..................................................................................................................................................... . 

E-24. Job title, by race ................................................................................................................................................... . 

E-25. Job title, by education .......................................................................................................................................... . 

E-26. Principal equipment operated, by years of experience at job .......................................................................... . 

15 

15 

16 

16 

17 

18 

18 

19 

19 

20 

20 

21 

.)1) 

.).) 

,),... 

-, 

:27 

2b 

28 

29 

29 

30 
II 

TABLES-Continued 

Page 

E-27. Principal equipment operated, by hours of training received in last 2 yr .. .... ....... ... .... ... .... ........ .... ........ .... ..... 30 

E-28. Principal equipment operated, by years of age ................................................................................................... 31 

E-29. Principal equipment operated, by sex .................................................................................................................. 31 

E-30. Principal equipment operated, by race ... .............. ....... ........................................................ ................................ 32 

E-31. Principal equipment operated, by education ....................................................................................................... 33 

E-32. Job, company, and mining experience, by work location ..................... ......................................................... ...... 34 

E-33. 'rraining received, by work location .... ......................................................... ............. ...................... ..................... 35 

E-34. Age distribution, by work location ....... ........ ............. ...... ....... ........ ........ ............. ............... .................................. 35 

E-35. Sex, race, and education, by work location ................. ...... ..................................... ....... ............................... ........ 36 

E-36. Experience at job, by hours of training received in last 2 yr ......................... .............. ...................................... 37 

E-37. Experience at job, by years of age ..................................................................................................... ......... .......... 38 

E-38. Experience at job, by sex ....................................................................................................................................... 38 

E-39. Experience at job, by race ..................................................................................................................................... 39 

E-40. Experience at job, by education ............................................................................................................................ 39 

E-4l. Experience at company, by hours of training received in last 2 yr .... ...... ............ .................. ..... .......... ............ 40 

E-42. Experience at company, by years of age ............................................................................................................... 41 

E-43. Experience at company, by sex ............................................................................................................................. 42 

E-44. Experience at company, by race ............................................................................................................................ 42 

E-45. Experience at company, by education .................................................................................................................. 42 

E-46. Age, by education .................................................................................................................................................. 43 

E-47. Age, race, and education, by sex .. ........ ....... ................... ....... ........ ......... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ......... ........... 43 

E-48. Age and education, by race .......................................................................................... ...................... ......... .......... 44 

Number of workers and coefficient of variationE-49. Employment size class, by type of ore mined ....... .................................................................. ....... ...................... 44 

E-50. Job title, by type of ore mined .............................................................................................................................. 45 

E-51. Principal equipment operated, by type of ore mined .......... ................. ...... .......... ....... .......... ........... ............. ...... 45 

E-52. Work location at mine, by type of ore mined ........ ............................................................................................... 46 

E-53. Experience at job, company, and mining, by type of ore mined .................................................. .................. ..... 46 

E-54. 'rraining received, by type of ore mined ............................................................................................................... 47 

E-55. Age, by type of ore mined ..................................................................................................................................... 47 

E-56. Sex, race, and education, by type of ore mined ................. .................................................................................. 48 
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE 1986 METAL AND NONMETAL MINING 

WORKFORCE 

By Shail J. Butani1 and Ann M. Bartholomew2 

ABSTRACT 

In 1986, the Bureau of Mines conducted a probability sample survey, Mining 

Industry Population Survey, to measure such employee characteristics as occupation; 

principal equipment operated; work location at the mine; present job, present company, 

and total mining experience; job-related training during the last 2 yr; age; sex; race; 

and education. The population estimates are necessary to properly analyze the Mine 

Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) injury (includes illness and fatality data) 

statistics; that is, to compare and contrast injury rates for various subpopulations in 

order to identify those groups that are exhibiting higher than average injury rates. 

This report uses the survey's results to characterize the U.S. metal and nonmetal 

mining (includes metal, stone, sand and gravel, and nonmetal industries) workforce 

from March through September 1986. A companion report, Information Circular (lC) 

9192, "Characterization of the 1986 Coal Mining Workforce:' provides similar information for the U.S. coal mining industry. 

I Mathematical statistician (now with Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington. DC). 

2 Statistical assistant. 

Thin Cities Research Center, Bureau of Mines, Minneapolis, MN. 
.J 

INTRODUCTION 

According to the occupational safety and health (OSH) 

statistics published annually by the US. Department of Labor, 

Bureau of Labor Statistics, the mining industry (excluding oil 

and gas extraction) always has had one of the highest injury 

incidence rates among the major industry divisions. One of the 

primary objectives of the Bureau of Mines is to conduct 

research in the area of health and safety of the nation's miners. 

aimed at reducing the incidence rate of work-related injuries 

(includes illnesses and fatalities) in the domestic mining 

industry. In order to reduce the overall incidence rate, the 

Bureau needs to identify which groups or subpopulations 0: 

the workforce are exhibiting higher than average incidence 

rates. 

To identify the high-risk groups. information about the 

injured workers and about the entire workforce is required. 

Present regulations permit MSHA to collect information on all 

mine injuries requiring medical attention. Hence, a data base 

containing various characteristics on the injured workforce is 

available. Since similar information about the entire workforce 

was not available. the Bureau conducted a probability sample 

survey called the Mining Industry Population Survey (MIPS). 

also known as the demographics survey. to collect the necessary data. The 1986 survey measured the following characteristics: job title or occupation. principal equipment operated, 

work location at mine. experience at present job, experience at 

present company, total mining experience, job-related training 

during the last 2 yr, age, sex, race, and education. This 

demographics survey provided information about the population at risk and will aid research in pinpointing the hazardou5 

segments of the population, as illustrated by the following 

example. 

Throughout this report. unless otherwise stated, the term 

metal and nonmetal mining industry includes the metal, stone, 

sand and gravel. and nonmetal industries; this is the standard 

terminology used by MSHA. From MSHA's metal and nonmetal injury data base, it is known that 8,890 males and 177 

females working in the US. metal and nonmetal mining 

industry were injured in 1986. If information about the 

population at risk (Le., the number of male and female 

workers for the metal and nonmetal industry in 1986) is not 

known, then it is not valid to draw the conclusion that male 

miners are at a much higher injury risk than female miners. 

The estimates from the demographics survey show that there 

were a total of 167,245 male workers and 11,522 female workers 

(table E-23) employed in US. metal and nonmetal mining in 

1986. Of these workers, the nonoffice workforce identified by 

occupation or job title consists of 161,883 males and 4,523 

females (table E-8). The reason for excluding office workers 

from the analysis is to account for some of the obvious 

difference in job risk. It should be noted that in the office 

worker category, only 3 pet are males and 61 pet are females 

(table E-23). The added information on the population puts 

the injury statistics in a better perspective, as shown in table 1. 

Table 1.-Population and injury statistics for 

1986 metal and nonmetal mining sector 

statistics statistics 

Workers pet Injuries pct Lost workdays 

~ale ........................... 161,883 97.3 8,890 98.0 129,595 

Female ....................... 2.7 1n 2.0 2,294 

Total ........................ 166,406 100.0 9,067 100.0 131,889 

pet 

98.3 

1.7 

100.0 

Since the difference between the population and injury as 

well as lost workdays distribution is relatively large, it would be 

interesting to further investigate the source of variation. Could 

it be due to variations in the job mix by sex? 

Hence, the present research will aid in finding solutions to 

reduce the injury incidence rates for the high-risk groups. That 

is, the collected information will be used to compare and 

contrast the demographics composition of the hazardous 

groups with those of the safer groups. Thus. through present 

research, the differences and similarities between the two 

groups can be defined. 

The purpose of this report is to provide the US. metal and 

nonmetal mining population estimates for March through 

September 1986 by various characteristics. This information 

is essential to performing the injury data analysis that is the 

ultimate goal of the survey. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

The authors thank the officials of the U.S. Department of 

Labor, MSHA. for submitting the MIPS justification package 

to the Office of Management and Budget for its clearance to 

collect the data. Special thanks go to Kathy Snyder, public 

affairs specialist, Office of Information and Public Affairs. 

MSHA. for initiating the study, and to Edwin Thomasson, 

research liaison officer. Technical Support, MSHA, for his 

continuous effort and support. 

SURVEY METHODOLOGY 

POPULATION 

the MIPS covered all workers employed in the anthracite 

coal (SI C' Ill), bituminous coal (SIC 121), metal (S I C 

101-106, 109,281), stone (SIC 141. 142,324,327), sand and 

gravel (SIC 144), and nonmetal (SIC 131, 145, 147, 149, 289, 

299) mining industries of the United States during the period 

, The :::tandard Industrial Classificatillll (SIC') wa~ f<.'Vist'd in 1987; .t.e 

industry group nljlllhers used here are those in effect al the lime of the MIPS. 

March through September 1986. This report gives estimates 

only for the metal and nonmetal (noncoal) mining sector; Ie 

9192 gives estimates for the 1986 coal mining sector. 

The information pertaining to the mine employees included in the survey was collected through the mine operators, 

because a comprehensive sampling frame (name and address 

file) of the workers in mine establishments was not available, 

and cost considerations prohibited the data collection through 

personal visits. The number of universe units (establishments 

under MSHA's jurisdiction) covered by the scope of this survey 
TABLE E-13.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estlmates: 1 training received, by employment size clasa2 

1-19 20--49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500 + Total Job training for last 

2 yr. h Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

0 .......................................... , ...... . 

1-8 ............................................ . 

9-15 .................................... , ...... . 

16 ............................................... . 

17-40 ......................................... . 

41-80 ......................................... . 

81-160 ...................................... .. 

161 + .......................................... . 

Unspecified ............................... .. 

Total .................................... . 

Mean job training ............ h ... . 

NAp Not applicable. 

6.900 

3,612 

1,553 

5,628 

5,886 

4.127 

2,040 

. 1,352 

14,216 

45.314 

42 

15 

8 

3 

12 

13 

9 

5 

3 

31 

100 

NAp 

, Excluding job title category of o"fice workers. 

2,451 

1,967 

465 

5,745 

4,896 

2,721 

846 

623 

10,280 

29.994 

39 

8 

7 

2 

19 

16 

9 

3 

2 

34 

100 

NAp 

1.736 

1,346 

519 

3,402 

3,317 

1,668 

411 

452 

4,872 

17,724 

43 

10 

8 

3 

19 

19 

9 

2 

3 

27 

100 

NAp 

2,455 

2,266 

1,926 

7,698 

6,796 

3,329 

2,212 

1,585 

9,299 

37,565 

48 

7 

6 

5 

20 

18 

9 

6 

4 

25 

100 

NAp 

152 

1,072 

301 

2.054 

2,824 

1,785 

871 

464 

4,365 

13,888 

51 

1 

8 

2 

15 

20 

13 

6 

3 

31 

100 

NAp 

1,459 

715 

881 

3.521 

7,246 

1,010 

2n 

1,711 

6.086 

22,906 

45 

6 

3 

4 

15 

32 

4 

7 

27 

15,152 

10,979 

5,644 

28.048 

30,965 

14,639 

6.658 

6,188 

49,118 

100 167,391 

NAp 44 

9 

7 

3 

17 

18 

9 

4 

4 

29 

100 

NAp 

2MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 

statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 

TABLE E-14.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age distribution, by employment size clasa2 

Age, yr 

15-20 ........................................ .. 

21-23 ......................................... . 

24-26 ......................................... . 

27-29 ........................................ .. 

30-34 ......................................... . 

35-39 ........................................ .. 

40-49 ........................................ .. 

50+ .......................................... .. 

Unspecified .............................. .. 

Total .................................... .. 

Mean age ....................... yr .. .. 

NAp Not applicable. 

1-19 

Workers 

1.069 

2,686 

4,183 

4,115 

6,379 

5,485 

8,724 

10.304 

45.314 

39 

2 

6 

9 

9 

14 

12 

19 

23 

100 

NAp 

, Excluding Job title category of oifice workers. 

20--49 

562 

1,551 

2,367 

2,620 

4,409 

3,673 

6.276 

7,095 

29,994 

40 

2 

5 

8 

9 

15 

12 

21 

24 

5 

100 

NAp 

50-99 

345 

949 

1,352 

1,720 

2,899 

2,552 

3,829 

3,787 

291 

17.724 

39 

2 

5 

8 

10 

16 

14 

22 

21 

2 

100 

NAp 

100-249 

426 

1,218 

2.449 

3,401 

5,949 

6.020 

9,143 

8,448 

511 

37,565 

40 

1 

3 

7 

9 

16 

16 

24 

22 

100 

NAp 

250-499 

60 

246 

663 

1,343 

2,416 

2,394 

3,424 

3,326 

15 

13,888 

41 

o 

2 

5 

10 

17 

17 

25 

24 

o 

100 

NAp 

500+ 

150 

181 

690 

1,373 

3,438 

4,709 

6.922 

5,442 

o 

22,906 

42 

1 

3 

6 

15 

21 

30 

24 

o 

Total 

2,612 

6,831 

11,705 

14,572 

25,490 

24,833 

38,318 

38,402 

2 

4 

7 

9 

15 

15 

23 

23 

100 167,391 100 

NAp 40 NAp 

2MSHA size groups are based 01 the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 

statistics by size groups should nol be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE.-Owing to independent munding. data may not add to totals shown. 
was approximately 18,350, with a total employment level of 

about 350,000. The number of establishments and employment for the metal and nonmetal mining was about 10,600 and 

190,000, respectively. The scope of the data for the employees 

covered by the survey is the same as that of the data collected 

by MSHA form 7000-1 for mine accidents, injuries, illnesses, 

and fatalities, and MSHA form 7000-2 for quarterly mine 

employment. The collection of the fundamental statistics 

reported on these two forms is required by law (30 U.S.C. 813; 

30 CFR 50). 

SAMPLE 

The principal feature of the survey sample design was its 

use of two-stage stratified random sampling. The primary 

sampling units (first stage) were the mine establishments; the 

secondary sampling units were empnoyees within each of the 

chosen mine establishments. The characteristics used to stratify the primary units were the industry (anthracite coal, 

bituminous coal, metal, stone, sand and gravel, nonmetal); 

mine type (underground, surface, plant or mill); employment 

size class (1-19, 20-49, 50-99, 100-249, 500-999, 1,000 and 

above); and status code (active, intermittent). Since the first 

three stratification characteristics are highly correlated with 

the characteristics that the survey was to measure, use of 

stratified sampling increased the efficiency of the sample 

design and thus resulted in a smaller required sample size. The 

fourth characteristic, status code, was chosen so that nonresponse adjustment could be made within more homogenous 

groups. This is desirable because proportionately higher numbers of nonmailable, out-of-business, refusal, etc., responses 

are reported from intermittent mine establishments than from 

active mine establishments. 

The sampling frame used for :his survey was the 1985 

preliminary address and employment file maintained by 

MSHA. A probability sample of 2,232 metal and nonmetal 

(noncoal) mining establishments from a universe of 10,612 

metal and nonmetal establishments was selected by stratifying 

the frame as previously described and using a systematic 

sampling procedure with a random start for each stratum. The 

employees within an establishment were selected by using a 

systematic sampling procedure with a common random start 

for each employment size class. 

A brief description of the sample allocation is as follows. 

For larger employment size classes, the allocation procedure 

placed all of the establishments on the frame in the sample as 

primary sampling units from which the employees were subsampled at a low frequency rate. As employment size class 

decreased, smaller and smaller proportions of the establishments were included as primary sampling units, but the 

employees within the establishments were subsampled at a 

higher frequency rate. The use of this procedure gave each 

employee, to the extent possible, about the same probability of 

inclusion in the sample, thus reducing the sampling variability. 

In order to limit the response burden for anyone establishment, a maximum sample of 50 employees per establishment 

was selected. 

DATA COLLECTION 

The MIPS was conducted from March through September 

1986 by mail questionnaire through the Bureau's lWin Cities 

(MN) Research Center. A reproduction of the original letter, 

followup letter, and the questionnaire bearing the Office of 

Management and Budget clearance number authorizing collection of the data are included in appendix F. 

3 

Table 2 gives a summary of the results for the metal and 

nonmetal mining sector from the original and followup mailings, as well as from telephone calls to the nonrespondents. 

Table 2.-Demographics survey response status: 

1986 metal and nonmetal mining sector 

Overall Usable 

Industry Po S I response In-scope 1 response pulation amp e records _...:..-_ 

No. No. 

Metal .......................... 617 220 211 96 176 138 78 

Stone ......................... 3,373 852 734 86 794 627 79 

Sand and gravel ......... 5,579 863 810 94 734 646 88 

Nonmetal .................... 1,043 297 282 95 256 219 86 

Total ........................ 10,612 2,232 2.037 91 1,960 1.630 83 

1 Nonrespondents + usables + refusals + unusables (excludes out-of· 

bUSinesses. nonmailables, duplicates. temporary inactives. and new busi· 

nesses under construction). 

A brief description of the response terms follows: 

Response code Description 

Nonrespondent..... . .. Received no response from the 

establishment. 

Usable................... Establishment provided usable data. 

RefusaL................. Establishment refused to provide any 

data. 

Unusable............... Establishment provided data that 

were not in usable format. 

Nonmailable ........... Establishment's address was either 

insufficient or wrong. 

Duplicate............... Data were combined with another 

establishment's data. 

Out-of-business ....... Establishment was permanently 

closed. 

New business .......... Establishment was in development 

stage. 

Temporary inactive... Establishment was temporarily not 

operating. 

As part of the data collection phase, all the returns were 

reviewed and edited for completeness and reasonableness of 

the data. Whenever there were inconsistencies, the respondents 

were called for reconciliation. Also, almost all of the respond.ents that had initially refused to participate in the survey were 

contacted by phone. Approximately 80 pet of these respondents ultimately supplied data. Adjustments for those mine 

establishments that did not supply the data, or supplied partial 

data, are explained in the "Estimation Procedures" section 

and in appendix C. 

DATA CODING, ENTERING, AND EDITING 

The returns underwent a very comprehensive review and 

editing process in order to (1) minimize the reporting differences among the respondents (establishments), (2) ensure 

consistency of coding among the individual worker entries, (3) 

ensure the accuracy of the data entry, and (4) ensure compatibility of occupation and equipment coding with the MSHA 

accident data base. 

ESTIMATION PROCEDURES 

In a simple random sampling plan, all units are sampled 

with the same sampling ratio. To derive the population estimates, the sample units are weighted (replicateq) by the inverse 
of the sampling ratio. Because of efficiency consideration, the 

data for this demographics study were collected using a 

complex survey design. Hence, the data for each worker, the 

ultimate sampling unit, were not equally weighted. Instead, the 

population estimates were derived by weighting data for each 

worker with the appropriate final weight of the data, which 

was the product of the following three factors: (1) the inverse 

of the sampling ratio with which the primary sampling unit 

(establishment) was sampled; (2) a nonresponse adjustment 

factor that was computed separately for each sampling stratum 

and assigned to all responding establishments in a stratum to 

account for those establishments in that stratum that did not 

respond; and (3) the inverse of the sampling ratio with which 

the secondary sampling units (workers) were selected. A 

detailed discussion of the different weights and estimation 

formulas are given in appendix C. In statistical terms, the 

survey's estimates of the population total were based on a 

Horvitz-Thompson estimator (1).4 

No adjustment was made for partial nonresponse. That 

is, the characteristics that were left blank by the respondents 

were coded as unspecified and were, naturally, weighted by 

their appropriate final weight in computing the population 

estimates. The percentage unspecified for a particular characteristic gives the user an indication of the completeness of the 

schedules. 

GROUPING OF CHARACTERISTICS 

The original data base has detailed data for the characteristics mentioned below. For purposes of publication, the 

detailed data were combined into groups. Please contact the 

authors to obtain detailed data or a different grouping of the 

data for any or all of the characteristics. 

Job Title and Principal Equipment Operated 

Since the original data base has about 100 codes for each 

of these two categories (see appendixes A and B), the entries 

were combined into 20 to 25 groups. Similarities of the job title 

or principal equipment operated and number of workers in 

each entry were two of the main criteria used in forming the 

groups. 

Employment Size Class 

The classes used for this characteristic are the standard 

size class definition used by MSHA. Because there were very 

few mines for the size class having 1,000 or more employees, 

the estimates for this class were computed separately and then 

were combined with the estimates for employment size class 

500 through 999 in order to protect the confidentiality of the 

mines as well as the workers. The combined size class is labeled 

as 500+. 

Present Job, Present Company, and Total Mining 

Experience 

The data for all three of these characteristics were coded 

only as the number of years. It was felt that data were not 

reliable enough to be accurate to the month. The groupings 

were formed to be as compatible as possible to the groupings 

used by MSHA for its injury statistics. 

4 Italic numbers in parentheses refer to items in the list of references preceding 

the appendixes at the end of this report. 

Job-Related Training During Last 2 Years 

The grouping for this characteristic was formed to reflect 

the definite and logical intervals that various mine operators 

employ and that meets the need of the mine safety personnel. 

The most frequently reported number was 16 h for training 

during the last 2 yr; this is because MSHA requires a minimum 

training of 8 hI yr. Also, MSHA and safety personnel are 

interested in knowing the percent of workers who receive no 

training. Hence, both 0 and 16 h were categorized separately. 

Age 

The groupings for age were formed to be about the same 

as what MSHA uses for its accident statistics. 

RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES 

As stated in reference 2: 

All estimates derived from a sample survey are 

subject to sampling and nonsampling errors. Sampling 

errors occur because observations are made on a sample, 

not on the entire population. Estimates based on the 

different possible samples of the same size and sample 

design could differ. Nonsampling errors in the estimates 

can be attributed to many sources, e.g., inability to 

obtain information about all cases in the sample, mistakes in recording or coding the data, definitional 

difficulties, etc. 

Nonsampling errors occur in a census as well as in a 

sample survey. As mentioned earlier, the completed forms 

underwent a very comprehensive review and edit process. This 

was primarily done to minimize the nonsampling errors. 

In a probability sample, the coefficients of variation 

(CV's), which are a measure of the sampling errors in the 

estimates, can be estimated from the survey data. CV's were 

calculated for the basic characteristics as part of the survey 

estimation process; these CV's as well as the corresponding 

estimates for number of workers are given in tables E-49 

through E-56. The CV's for other estimates can also be 

derived if requested. The methodology used to compute the 

estimated CV's is given below. 

By definition, the CV of any sample estimate is equal to 

the standard error of the estimate divided by the value of the 

estimate (3). In other words, it is a measure of relative 

variation. Because the survey data will be used by numerous 

researchers to measure different statistics (e.g., totals, means, 

medians, percentages) by various cross-classification categories, it was not feasible to use the exact formula for the 

standard error estimates. Hence, a generalized formula that 

approximated the exact formula and that was easy to implement for computing all the standard error estimates was 

developed. It should be noted that since the survey uses a 

complex sampling design, the usual variance, standard deviation, and standard error estimates computed by the software 

packages are no longer valid because they are based on simple 

random sample design. The reliability measures for this survey 

were computed by employing a random group variance technique. A brief description of it is given in appendix 0 and a 

detailed discussion is given in reference 4. 

The purpose of producing a reliability measure for this 

report is to define the confidence interval or range that would 

include the comparable complete coverage value. For example, 

the total number of estimated truck drivers for the 1986 metal 

and nonmetal industry was 20,830 (table E-2 and E-50) with 
a CV of 3.5 pct (table E-50). Based on this information, the 

standard error on the total number of truck drivers is 729 

(estimate x CV = 20,830 x 0.035) and the 95-pet confidence 

interval is 19,372 to 22,288 (20,830 ± 2 x 729). This means 

that with 95 pet confidence, it can be said that the interval 

19,372 to 22,288 includes the total number of metal and 

nonmetal truck drivers that would have been obtained from a 

census of the frame. 

It should be noted that normally the variance (square of 

the standard error) of a total pertaining to the combined four 

industries would be equal to the sum of the variances for each 

industry since the four industries were sampled independently. 

That is, the variance for the total number of truck drivers for 

the entire metal and nonmetal mining industry would be equal 

to the sum of the variances for the truck drivers in metal, 

stone, sand and gravel, and nonmetal mining industries. 

However, this methodology was not employed to compute the 

variance estimates for the combined four industries, instead, 

even for this estimate, the random group variance technique as 

described in appendix D was employed. This was primarily 

done, as mentioned previously, because the survey data will be 

used by numerous researchers to measure different statistics 

(other than totals) such as means, medians, percentages, etc., 

and for these statistics the variance for the combined four 

industries will not be the simple sum of the variances for each 

industry. Hence, for reasons of consjstency and simplicity the 

random group variance estimator was used to compute all 

variances and thus CV estimates. 

In general, the smaller the subpopulation size, the larger 

the variability in the estimates. Additionally, the larger the 

nonresponse, the less reliable the estimate may be. As mentioned earlier, nonresponse error is considered a nonsampling 

error. This error occurred more frequently for estimates of 

job-related training during the last 2 yr and total mine 

experience than for other variables because conceptually these 

variables are harder to report. Moreover, it is possible that the 

training estimates might be somewhat biased because many 

respondents filled in 16 h, the minimum number of hours 

required by MSHA over a 2-yr period. 

VALIDATION OF ESTIMATES 

Once the estimates were produced, they were validated for 

accuracy and reasonableness by several mining industry specialists. Additionally, the total employment for each industry 

was compared to an independent census conducted by MSHA, 

the results of which are reported in references 5 through 9. The 

injury experience reports tabulate the injury-illness-fatality 

data reported to MSHA on form 7000-1 and employment data 

reported on form 7000-2. While the data base used to compile 

the statistics for these reports contains detailed information for 

the injured victims, it does not contain similar information for 

the entire workforce. The breakdown of total employment is 

available only by type of ore mined, employment size class, 

and work location. Hence, the MIPS was conducted so that 

MSHA injury data could be analyzed in greater detail. 

The data show that the overall employment figures from 

the two sources differed about 8 pet for metal and nonmetal 

(metal, stone, sand and gravel, and nonmetal) mining industry, 

5 

with the MSHA figures being higher than those of the 

demographic survey. The difference in the estimates is caused 

in part by differences in reporting, coverage period, definitions, and methodology as explained below for data comparison by employment size class and by work location. 

When comparing distribution of workers by employment 

size class, the differences between the numbers in table E-I of 

this report and MSHA data, as stated in tables 4 of references 

5, 6, and 8, and in table 3 of reference 7, are substantial. This 

is mainly due to the differences in definition and methodology. 

The MIPS classification is based on total employment of an 

establishment as it existed when the respondents filled out the 

questionnaire. MSHA collects employment on a quarterly 

basis and for each quarter it is possible for the employment to 

be broken into a maximum of four different work location; 

hence, each establishment may have up to 16 different employment figures. 

Per MSHA's methodology, the size groups are classified 

according to the lowest numbered (primary) subunit's average 

employment of four quarters and nolan Ihe 10101 employment 

of an establishment, as is the case with the MIPS. For 

example, if an establishment's annual average employment is 

60, but the employment for the primary subunit, say underground. is 15, then the establishment per MSHA's methodology is in size class 1 through 19, whereas according to the 

MIPS procedure it is in size class 50 through 99. It is for this 

reason the average employment per operation as stated in table 

4 of reference 6 is 6.7 for size class 1-4. It should be noted that 

MSHA classification overestimates the employment in smaller 

size classes. 

In view of the above, the injury data as published in 

references 5 through 9 by size class should not be analyzed 

against the MIPS employment size class data. Instead, the 

analyst needs to retabulate the MSHA injury data from the 

original data tapes so that the size class definition corresponds 

to the MIPS. 

Also, a large difference existed betweenMIPS and MSHA 

figures for employment distribution by work location. This is 

primarily due to differences in reporting. The employment 

reported to MSHA every quarter is in aggregate numbers for 

each work location (maximum of four). Generally, this type of 

reporting results in gross approximations in the breakdown of 

variables such as employment. For the MIPS data, the work 

location was reported for each worker in the sample, in the 

same manner as it is reported to MSHA on form 7000-] for 

each injured worker. It should be noted that the data on work 

location for individual workers is known with more specificity 

than for the whole population. Hence, it is appropriate to 

analyze the survey work location data with MSHA injury 

statistics. 

Additionally, a small portion of the difference in the two 

estimates is due to the job title category of office workers. The 

MIPS underestimated the number of employees in this category because many respondents assumed that these workers 

very seldom incur injuries and therefore were not to be 

reported. For the purposes of accident analysis, the office 

workers are to be excluded because of the obvious difference in 

the injury risk. Hence, the difference in counts of office 

workers does not make any difference. 

SUMMARY OF MAJOR FINDINGS 

The findings of the survey by various cross classifications 

are given as estimates in tables E-l through E-48; tables E-49 

through E-56 give reliability estimates for the basic characteristics and a detailed discussion of their use is given in the 

reliability of the estimates section. If desired, the estimates by 

some other dru.sification criteria including more detailed 
estimates (e.g., distribution of workers by age and experience 

at present company in the stone industry working at the plant 

or mill location) can be derived from the original data base. 

The following findings are based on the data for the entire 

1986 metal and nonmetal mining workforce. 

• The total estimated workforce for the 1986 metal and 

nonmetal industry was approximately 179,800. The 

breakdown of this employment by the four industry 

types was as follows: 35,900 in metal, 73,400 in stone, 

37,100 in sand and gravel, and 33,400 in nonmetal 

(table E-l). The data also indicate that only 10 pet of 

the metal workforce and 23 pet of the nonmetal workforce were employed in establishments with 49 or less 

employees as compared with 48 and 93 pet for stone, 

and sand and gravel, respectively. That is, stone, and 

sand and gravel establishments tend to be smaller in size 

than metal and nonmetal establishments. 

• Of the total 1986 metal and nonmetal industry workforce, mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist was the largest 

category of workers with 16 pet employment, plant 

operator-warehouseman made up another 15 pet, truck 

driver constituted 12 pet, and the laborer-miner-utility 

man category was 11 pet (table E-2). Each of the 

remaining occupation groupings had fewer than 10 pet 

of the employees. 

• The distribution of the metal and nonmetal industry 

workforce was underground mine, 5 pet; surface at 

underground mine, 2 pet; surface mine, 47 pet; plant or 

mill, 35 pet; and office, 10 pet (table E-4). Also, the 

employment distribution for the four nonoffice work 

locations differed vastly by industry. 

• Distribution of the workers by job title varied greatly 

according to the employment size class (table E-9). This 

was especially true for the following job title groupings: 

front-end loader-forklift operator; manager-foremansupervisor (general); mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist; 

and truck driver. For example, in the employment size 

class 1-19, front-end loader-forklift operators made up 

17 pet of the total employment while in the 250-499 and 

500 + employment size classes, this figure was 2 and I 

pet, respectively. Only 7 pet of the workers in the 

employment size class 1-19 belonged to the job title 

category of mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist compared 

with 23 and 25 pet for employment size classes 250-499 

and 500 +, respectively. 

• Median experience at the present company ranged from 

5 yr for truck drivers to 13 yr for manager-foremansupervisor (working) (table E-19). 

• Mean hours of training during the last 2 yr was highest 

(56) for electrician-Iampman category (table E-21). 

• Of the female employees, 61 pet had the job title 

category of office worker, compared with 3 pet of the 

males (table E-23). 

• Median experience at the present job is about 5 yr for 

all five locations (table E-32). The median experience at 

the present company and at total mining, however, is 

lower for workers at the surface mine location than for 

the workers at the other three nonoffice work locations. 

The following findings are based on data that exclude the 

job title category of office worker. 

• The single largest category of equipment operated was 

hand tools (powered and nonpowered) with 16 pet 

(table E-3). This category was followed closely by 

equipment categories 'lone, plant equipment, and truck 

(haulage) with 15, 14, and 13 pet, respectively. 

• The median experience at present job, present company, and total mining were 5, 8, and 10 yr, respectively 

(table E-5). 

• Mean job-related training during the last 2 yr was 35 h 

for workers in the sand and gravel industry, versus 43, 

44, and 48 h for workers in the metal, nonmetal, and 

stone industries, respectively (table E-6). 

• Mean age was about 40 yr for workers in all four 

industries (table E-7). 

• Males made up 97 pet of the metal and nonmetal 

industry workforce (table E-8). Note that the 97-pct 

figure excludes the unspecified category. 

• Whites, blacks, and Hispanics made up 82, 7, and 8 

pet, respectively, of the workforce (table E-8). The 

remaining 3 pet workers belonged either to another race 

or were unspecified. 

• Of those workers whose education was specified, 73 pet 

had a high school or better education (table E-8). Note 

that this figure is obtained by (I) summing the workers 

in the categories high school diploma, vocational diploma, some college. and college degree, and (2) dividing this sum by the total number of workers minus the 

workers in unspecified category. In this case, it is 

113,403 divided by 154,319. 

• The median experience at present job, company, and at 

total mining either increased or stayed the same with the 

increase in the employment size class (table E-12). 

• The distribution of the equipment operated varied 

considerably between the males and females. This was 

especially true for the principal equipment categories 

front-end loader-forklift, handtools, scale-lab 

equipment-controls, truck (haulage), and none (table 

E-29). For example, scale-lab equipment-controls was 

the principal equipment operated category for 31 pet of 

the females compared with only 4 pet for males. 

Handtools was the largest principal equipment operated 

category for males (17 pet) but for females this category 

was only 3 pet. 

• There was a higher percentage of employees with at 

least a high school education under the age of 40 than 

there were of age 40 and over (table E-46 and figure I); 

proportionately more females had a high school or 

higher education than males (table E-47 and figure 2); 

education by race (table E-48) is shown in figure 3. 

81 pet 83 pet 82 pet 81 pet 77 pet ;--- ;--- .----- ;---

70 pet ;---

58 pet 

-

15-23 24-26 27-29 30-34 35-39 40-49 50+ 

,A,GE, yr 

Figure 1.-Percentage 011986 metal and nonmetal mining 

workforce with at least a high school diploma, by age (excludes 

job title category of office workers as well as workers whose 

education is unspecified). 
84 pet 

73 pet 

H4LE FEM4LE 

Figure 2.-Percentage of 1986 metal and nonmetal mining 

workforce with at least a high school diploma, by sex (excludes 

job title category of office workers as well as workers whose 

education is unspecified). 

7 

76 pet 

52 pet 

41 pet 

WHITE BLACK HISP4NIC 

Figure 3.-Percentage of 1986 metal and nonmetal mining 

workforce with at least a high school diploma, by race (excludes 

job title category of office workers as well as workers whose 

education is unspecified). 

APPLICATION OF DATA FOR INJURY ANALYSES 

The ultimate objective of this study is to provide a basis 

forI. Analyzing the 1986 MSHA metal and nonmetal injury 

statistics and identifying those subpopulations exhibiting 

higher or lower than average injury rates. 

2. Producing some selected estimates by geographic location such as regions (east, central, west), MSHA districts, or 

States and performing injury data analyses. 

3. Producing some selected estimates by SIC code such as 

iron, copper, lead-zinc, etc., and performing injury data 

analyses. 

4. Developing an easy to use computerized data base that 

would be available to the researchers to do their own analyses, 

especially in the area of targeting injury prevention and 

training efforts. 

The results from these ana~yses, which encompass all 

facets of mining operations, can help identify areas where 

research efforts should be devoted to achieve the greatest safety 

improvements, thus preventing creation of unnecessary regulations or crash research programs that tend to waste funds. 

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE WORK 

1. After the injury analyses are performed, and the 

hazardous areas or subpopulations have been identified, it 

would be desirable to further investigate their problems and 

needs. This can be accomplished by conducting some special 

surveys such as an equipment use survey, maintenance-related 

work survey, small mines survey, etc. 

2. Repeat the MIPS and perform the injury analyses 

periodically, say every 3 to 5 yr, in order to study the changing 

mining environment and its impact on mmmg safety and 

productivity. When the survey is repeated, it is recommended 

that modifications be made to the ques:ionnaire to reflect new 

needs. It is also recommended that the collection of total mine 

experience and job-related training data be eliminated, since 

these variables are conceptually very hard to measure. Also, 

the variables experience on the job and experience with the 

company should be measured in years only. 

REFERENCES 

1. Cochran, W. G. Sampling Techniques. Wiley, 3d ed., 1977, 428 

pp. 

2. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Injuries and 

Illnesses in the United States by Industry, 1985. May 1987, 81 pp. 

3. Hansen, M. H., W. N. Hurwitz, and W. G. Madow. Sample 

Survey Methods and Theory. Wiley, 1953, 638 pp. 

4. Wolter, K. M. Introduction to Variance Estimation. SpringerVerlag, 198':', 440 pp. 

5. U.S. Mine Safety anJ Health Administration. Injury Experience 

in Metallic Mining, 19Rtl. lnf. Rep. 1158. 1987, 276 pp. 

6. __ . Injury Experience in Slone Mining, 1986. Inf. Rep. 1160, 

1987, 450 pp. 

7. __ . Injury Experience in Sand and Gravel Mining, 198(,. Inf. 

Rep. 1161. 1987, 111 pp. 

8. __ . Injury Experience in Nonmelallic Mining. 11)86. Inf. 

Rep. 1159. 1987, 291 pp. 

9. ______ . Injurv Experience in Coal Mining. 1986. Inf. Rep. 1157. 

1987. 390 pp. 
APPENDIX A.-METAL AND NONMETAL MINING INDUSTRY JOB TITLE GROUPING 

Description Job title code 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator ...................... ..... ..... .... ..... ....... 367, 378, 778, 387 

Beltman-belt repairman ..................................................................... 601, 1012, 996 

Blaster ........................................................................................... 807 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator ............. .... .... .... ............ .............. 372 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator ......................................... 368, 768, 985 

Driller-rock bolter ............................................................................ 33, 34, 333, 334, 1056, 46 

Electrician-lampman ......................................................................... 402, 602, 603, 385 

Front-end loader-forklift operator ....................................................... 382, 782, 825. 389 

Grader-scraper operator .................................................................... 375, 775. 957 

Laborer-miner-utility man .................................................................. 616, 53, 316. 36, 38, 39,45, 57, 58, 59, 158,216. 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

224, 327, 386, 395, 609, 624, 663, 710, 716, 

874, 997, 1Ol3, 1055 

General ....................................................................................... 430,449,481,489,494 

Maintenance ................................................................................ 418 

Working ..................................................................................... 749 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist .......................................................... 404, 604, 605, 1019, 1018, 1060, 394. 608 

Mine technical support ..................................................................... 320, 393, 396,414,423,456,464,495, 593, 594, 

920, 921, 930, 965, 998, 1014 

a ffice worker .................................................................................. 497 

Plant operator-warehouseman ............................................................. 374, 379, 380. 388. 390, 392. 1022 

Shuttle car-tram operator .................................................................. 850, 28, 29, 269, 373, 728, 962, 969 

Stone cutter-finisher ......................................................................... 398, 399 

Truck driver.................................................................................... 376, 776 

Code Descripl ion 

28 ............. Scoop tram operator 

29 ............. Mucking machine operator 

33 ............. Driller helper, underground 

34 ............. Exploration driller, underground 

Longhole driller, underground 

Prospect driller, underground 

Diamond driller, underground 

36 ............. Continuous miner operator 

38 ............. Cutting machine operator 

39 ............. Hand loader 

Trammer 

45 ............. Hangup man 

Rockman 

Raise blaster 

Chute blaster 

Rock handler 

46 ............. Pinner 

Truss bolter 

Rock bolter 

Roof trimmer 

Roof man 

Scaler operator 

Roof bolter 

53 ............. Nipper 

Utility man 

57 ............. Stope miner 

58 ............. DXC miner 

Drift miner 

59 ............. Raise miner 

158 ............. Rock machine operator, underground 

216 ............. Trackman 

224 ............. Trainees, underground 

Code Description 

269 ............. Chute puller, underground 

Locomotive operator 

Car loader, underground 

Whistle punk, underground 

316 ............. Service truck operator 

Laborer 

Track gang, surface 

Surface worker 

Utility man, surface 

Pumper, surface 

Tamping machine operator 

320 ............. Cage attendant, surface 

Aerial tram-outside only 

327 ............. Surface miner 

333 ............. Driller helper 

334 ............. Carriage-mounted drill operator, surface 

Wagon drill operator, surface 

Churn driller, surface 

Rotary drill operator 

JP drill operator, surface 

Air-track driller, outside only 

367 ............. Backhoe operator 

Power shovel operator 

Pitman 

368 ............. Dozer operator 

Track operator helper, surface 

Tractor operator, surface 

372 ............. Deckhand 

Dredge operator 

Barge attendant 

Barge loader 

Boat operator 
Code Description 

373 ............. Car dropper 

374 ............. Storekeeper 

Blunger 

Process operator 

Sandbox operator 

Mill operator 

Reagent operator 

Car loader. surface 

Warehouseman 

Shipping 

Media operator 

Breakerman 

Crusher operator 

Sewing machine operator 

Boney preparation plant operator 

Packaging 

Cleaning plant operator 

lfuck loader 

Bagger-baler 

Preparation plant operator 

Cobber 

375 ............. Grader operator, surface 

376 ............. lfuck driver. surface 

378 ............. Dragline operator 

Dropball operator 

Crane operator, surfa.;:e 

379 ............. Kiln operator 

Calciner 

Dryer operator 

380 ............. Fine coal plant operator 

382 ............. Loader operator 

Front-end loader operator, surface 

Pan operator 

Scraper operator 

Highlift operator 

Pay loader operator 

385 ............. Lampman 

386 ............. Refuse truck driver 

387 ............. Rotary bucket excavator operator 

388 ............. Separator operator 

Scalper 

Shaker operator 

Screen operator 

389 ............. Forklift operator 

390 ............. Silo operator 

392 ............. Washery operator 

Topman 

Skip dumper 

Binman 

Scrubber operator 

Tipple operator-attendant 

393 ............. Scaleperson 

Weighman-weighmaster 

394 ..... " ...... Carpenter 

395 ............. Water truck operator 

396 ............. Watchman 

Security guard 

398 ............. Sawyer 

Stone finishing 

399 ............. Dimension stone cutter-polisher 

402 ............. Master electrician 

404 ............. Master mechanic 

Code Description 

414 ............. Laboratory assistant 

Analyst 

Laboratory technician 

Laboratory supervisor 

Quality control 

Dust sampler 

Emission control specialist 

418 ............. Maintenance supervisor 

Maintenance foreman 

423 ............. Surveyor 

430 ............. Assistant mine manager 

Assistant mine foreman-vice president 

449 ............. Mine owner 

Assayers 

President 

General foreman 

Mine manager 

Mine foreman 

456 ............. Engineer 

Metallurgist-Geologist 

Chemist 

464 ............. Inspector 

481 ............. Superintendents 

Project managers 

Coordinators 

Supervisors 

489 ............. Outside foreman 

494 ............. Plant manager 

Mill manager 

Plant foreman 

Mill foreman 

495 ............. Safety coordinator 

Safety manager 

Safety director 

Environmental coordinator 

Safety engineer 

497 ............. Office help 

Computer operator 

Controller 

Clerk 

593 ............. Nurse 

594 ............. Training specialist 

60 I ............. Conveyor man 

Belt walker 

Belt installer 

Tunnel worker 

Thilpiece man 

Belt mover 

Mobile bridge carrierman 

Belt man 

602 ............. Lineman 

Electrician 

603 ............. Electrician helper 

604 ............. Fueler 

Boilermaker 

Plumber 

Pipe fitter 

Boiler operator 

Pipe man 

Boiler trainee 

Mechanic 

Repairman 

Millwright 
!ll 

Code Description 

605 ............. Mechanic helper 

608 ............. Mason 

609 ............. Supplyman 

Material man 

616 ............. Rock picker 

Parts runner 

Groundman 

Unit helper 

Bathhouse attendant 

Pointman 

Laborer 

Slate picker 

Roustabout 

Extra man 

624 ............. Trainees 

Apprentice 

663 ............. Ledgeman 

Quarry man 

Miner, not elsewhere classified 

Shaft miner 

Probeman 

710 ............. Propman 

Timberman 

716 ............. Cement man 

Form man 

Grizzly tender 

728 ............. Gizmo operator 

Load-haul-dump operator, underground 

749 ............. Shift bos5. 

Foreman-Ieadman 

Bullgang foreman 

Labor foreman 

Section boss-foreman 

768 ............. Heavy equipment operator 

775 ............. Grader operator, underground 

776 ............. Truck driver, underground 

778 ............. Cherry picker 

Crane operator, underground 

Dragline operator, underground 

Backhoe operator, underground 

Gradall operator 

782 ............. Front-end loader operator, underground 

807 ............. Chargeman 

Shot firer 

Powder man 

Blaster 

Airdox ojJerator 

Loading hole shooter 

Powder monkey 

Code Description 

825 ............. Bobcat operator 

850 ............. Ramcar operator 

Shuttle car operator 

Buggy operator 

874 ............. Mine equipment operator 

920 ............. Cager 

921 ............. Hoist operator 

Hoist engineer 

Shaftman 

930 ............. Skip tender 

957 ............. Scraper operator 

962 ............. Car runner, surface 

Trip rider 

Brakeman 

Flagman 

Car rider 

Conductor 

965 ............. Dispatcher 

969 ............. Swamper 

Motonnan 

Switchman 

985 ............. Heavy equipment operator. surface 

Mobile equipment operator. surface 

996 ............. Feeder man 

997 ............. General or many equipment operator 

998 ............. Janitor 

Bag stenciler 

Prospector 

Painter 

1012 ............. Belt repairman 

Belt vulcanizer 

1013 ............. Cleanup man 

1014 ............. Sampler 

1018 ............. Lube man 

Greaser-oiler 

10 19 ............. Welder 

1022 ............. Dump man 

Dump operator 

1055 ............. Chainman 

1056 ............. Rock driller 

1060 ............. Machinist 

Shopman 

Shop foreman 

Bit sharpener 
11 

APPENDIX B.-METAL AND NONMETAL MINING INDUSTRY EQUIPMENT OPERATED 

GROUPING 

Description Equipment code 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel ............................................................ 60, 14 

Belt .............................................................................................. 13, 96 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment ..................................................... 8, 85 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter ................................ ........................... 53, 54, 49 

Drill (surface) ................................................................................. 9 

Explosives ...................................................................................... 47 

Front-end loader-forklift .................... ...................... ......................... 24, 23 

Grader-scraper ...... ... ... .. ............................. ...... ............ .... .... . .. ... . .... 52, 57 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) .................................................. 28 

Hoist-elevator ................ ................... ......................... ..................... 30, 19. 38 

Many equipment .............................................................................. 97 

Miscellaneous utility equipment .......................................................... 95. 12. 16 

Plant equipment .............................................................................. 40. 7, 10. 11. 15. 18, 22, 26, 32. 39, 46, 51, 58, 

69. 82, 83 

Pump ............................................................................................ 48 

Scale-lab equipment-controls .............................................................. 92, 80, 91 

Shuttle car-locomotive ... ....................... ............... ............ ................. 61, 34. 33, 41, 42. 43. 65 

Stone cutting-finishing machine .......................................................... 17 

lruck (haulage) ............................................................................... 44, 45 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier........................................................... 67, 37, 66 

Welding machine-lathe ...................................................................... 70, 5 

None ............................................................................................. 0 

Not elsewhere classified ..................................................................... 98, 68, 71, 81, 88 

Unspecified .................. .................. .. ........................................... ... 99 

Code Description 

0 ............. None 

5 ............. Drill press 

Bench grinder 

lathe 

7 ............. Boats 

Barges 

Water transportation 

8 ............. Bulldozer 

Dozer 

Crawler tractor 

9 ............. Carriage-mounted drill 

Jumbo drill 

Churn drill 

Rotary drill 

Jet piercing drill 

Airtrack compressor drill 

10 ............. Chute 

Airslide 

II ............. Classifier 

Cyclones 

12 ............. Continuous miner 

Dosco miner 

13 ............. Belt feeder 

Mobile bridge carrier 

Conveyor 

All types belts 

14 ............. Cherry picker 

Basket scaler 

Scaling machine 

Rock or dropbaU 

Boom hoist 

Derrick 

Crane 

Gantry 

Code Description 

15 ............. Breaker 

Crusher 

16 ............. Cutting machines 

Undercutter 

Chain cutter 

17 ............. Polishing machinery 

Dimension stone cutting 

18 ............. Dredge 

19 ............. Elevator 

Buckets 

Cage 

Skip 

22 ............. Precipitator heavy media bath 

Filters 

Flotation machines 

23 ............. Forklift 

24 ............. Highlift 

Skip tender 

Front-end loader 

Payloader 

26 ............. Grizzlies 

28 ............. Handtools (powered and nonpowered) 

Ram jack 

30 ............. Hoist 

Car dropper 

Hydraulic jack 

32 ............. Impactor 

33 ............. Scoop tram 

Unitra..: 

Load-haul-dump 

Telerram car 

Bobcat J underground 
12 

Code Description 

34 ............. Locomotive 

Trammer 

Tow-motor 

Lorry car 

Rail-mounted locomotive 

37 ............. Porta bus 

Mancar 

Golf cart 

Mantrip 

Rail runner 

Rail rover 

Personnel carrier 

Boss buggy 

Jeep 

38 ............. Man lift 

Scaling rig 

39 ............. Grinding mills 

Ball or rod mills 

40 ............. Milling machinery 

Block press 

General plant equipment 

41 ............. Nipper t::-uck, underground 

Mine car, underground 

Underground flatcar 

Timber truck, underground 

42 ............. Mine car, surface 

Ore-coal car, surface 

Boxcar, ~urface 

Hopper car, surface 

43 ............. Mucking machine 

Overshot loader 

44 ............. Ore haulage trucks, offhighway 

45 ............. Payloader ore haulage, onhighway 

46 ............. Bagger 

Sewing machine 

Packaging machine 

47 ............. Pneumatic blast agent loader 

Pop shooter 

Driller loader 

Prill loader 

Powder buggy 

Explosives 

48 ............. Pump 

49 ............. Raise borer 

51 ............. Raw coal storage 

Tipple 

Dump bins 

52 ............. Roadgrader 

Motor grader 

Motor patrol 

53 ............. Jackleg 

Drifter drill 

Airleg 

Diamond drill 

Track drill 

Jumbo drill 

Rock drill 

Buzzy drill 

Jackhammer 

Hydraulic drill 

Stoper crill 

Code Description 

54 ............. Pinner 

Roof bolting machine 

57 ............. Pan scraper 

Scoop, surface 

Self-loading scraper 

'Tractor scraper 

Scraper loader 

58 ............. Shaker 

Vibrator 

Screen 

60 ..........•.. Dragline 

Dragline bucket 

Backhoe 

Power shovel 

Clamshell 

61 ............. Buggy 

Shuttle car 

Ram car 

65 ............. Track maintenance 

Track repair equipment 

66 ............. Tractor, underground 

Elkhorn 

Supply car 

67 ............. Trash truck 

Service truck 

Utility truck 

Water truck 

Dump truck 

Pickup truck 

68 ............. Tugger 

Air winch 

69 ............. Washers 

70 ............. Welding machine 

Torch 

71 ............. Machines, not elsewhere classified 

Rock rake 

Drilling rigs 

Impact roller 

80 ............. Lab equipment 

81 ............. Rigs, not elsewhere classified 

82 ............. Boilers 

83 ............. Furnaces 

Calciners 

Kilns 

Dryers 

85 ............. Heavy equipment 

Mobile equipment 

88 ............. Diesels 

91 ............. Controls 

Consoles 

92 ............. Scales 

95 ............. Miscellaneous utility equipment 

96 ............. Feeders 

97 ............. Many-all types of equipment 

98 ............. Not elsewhere classified 

99 ............. Not specified 
1

,) 

.. 

APPENDIX C.-ESTIMATION PROCEDURES 

Establishment weight.-Suppose one out of every five 

mine establishments in a sampling stratum (industry-mine 

type-employment size class-status) was selected. Then, the 

sampling ratio is 1/5, and the establishment weight (EWT) is 

5.00, the inverse of the sampling ratio. 

Nonresponse adjustment factor.-Also suppose in a given 

sampling stratum, SO pct of the establishments that were 

within the scope of the survey responded. Then, the nonresponse adjustment factor (NRAF) is 1.25 (i.e., l00/S0). 

Worker weight.-Additionally, there was the sampling 

ratio with which the workers in the establishment were sampled; the worker weight (WWT) ranged from 1.00 to 30.00 (see 

the first page of MIPS questionnaire in appendix F). Theoretically, all the workers in a sampling stratum should have had 

the same weight. Hence, there would have been no need to 

assign weight at the worker level, as the worker weight could 

have been incorporated into the establishment weight. In 

practice, however, this is seldom the case because for a few 

establishments the employment level changes from what it was 

on the sampling frame to the time of the survey data collection. Since all the establishments did not report in the same 

employment size class that they were sampled in, it was 

necessary to also assign each worker a weight. 

Final weight.-For the purpose of computing the estimates, each worker was assigned a final weight (FWT), which 

was the product of establishment weight (EWT), nonresponse 

adjustment factor (NRAF), and the worker weight (WWT). 

That is, FWT = EWT x NRAF x WWT. 

Estimates of number of workers.-The estimates of the 

total number of workers were computed by (1) summing the 

final weights over the appropriate domain, and (2) rounding 

the sum to the nearest integer. 

Example: To estimate the total number of truck drivers in 

the stone industry: 

1. Compute x = E FWTi , 

i,D 

Where, the domain D was the set of all records (workers) that 

had an industry code of stone and occupation code of truck 

driver. 

2. Compute y = round (x). 

Estimates of mean.-The estimates of mean age (training) 

v.ere computed by summing over the appropriate domain (1) 

the product of age (training) and final weight, (2) the final 

v.eights, and then (3) dividing the sum of the products by the 

sum of the weights and rounding the result to the nearest whole 

number. It should be noted that for each domain only those 

entries where age (training) was specified were included in the 

computation: 

Example: The mean age of the blasters in the metal 

industry was estimated as follows. 

1. Compute x E (Age i • FWTJ. i.D 

2. Compute y 

Where, domain D is the set of all records that had an industry 

code of metal and an occupation code of blasters, with age 

being specified. 

3. Compute z = round (x/y). 

Estimates of median.-The estimates of median job, 

company, and mining experience were derived by (1) sorting 

the records within the domain in ascending order of the 

experience for which the median statistic was desired, (2) 

computing the total number of workers (NW) in the domain by 

summing the final weights, and (3) selecting the experience 

corresponding to the middle worker(s) in the ordering. That is, 

if NW is an odd number, then the median experience is the 

experience corresponding to the (NW /2 + 1 )th worker in the 

ordering; if NW is an even number, then the median experience 

is the midpoint (rounded to the nearest integer) of the experience corresponding to the (NW l2)th and (NW 12 + 1 )th 

worker in the ordering. As with the mean estimates, the 

median estimates also excluded those entries in the domain 

with unspecified experience. 
1-1 

APPENDIX D.-RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES: 

RANDOM GROUP VARIANCE TECHNIQUE 

The random group method of variance estimation employed in this study consisted of selecting eight samples using 

the same sampling scheme for each sample as the parent 

sample. The primary sampling units (establishments) were 

divided into two sets. The first set consisted of noncertainty 

(probability of selection less than 1.(0) primary sampling units 

sorted by their original industry-mine type-employment size 

class-status. A random integer, say j, between 1 and 8 was 

generated. The first primary unit in the ordering was assigned 

to the random group j, the second to the random group j + 1, 

and so forth in a modulo 8 fashion. Then, the secondary 

sampling units (workers) were assigned the same random group 

number as the primary unit to which they belonged. 

The second set consisted of all secondary sampling units 

belonging to the certainty (probability of selection equal to 

1.(0) primary sampling units. The secondary sampling units 

were sorted by the same scheme as above, and a random 

integer, say k, between 1 and 8 was generated. Then, the first 

secondary unit in the ordering was assigned to the random 

group k, the second to the random group k + 1, and so forth 

in a modulo 8 fashion. Hence, each worker belonged to a 

random group. For a more detailed discussion of the random 

group technique, the reader is referred to reference 4 of the 

main text. 

The following procedure was followed in computing the 

estimated variance (var), standard error (s), and the coefficient 

of variation (CV) for the estimated number of workers belonging to a particular category. 

1. The domain (i.e., category) was defined. 

2. A separate estimate for total number of workers,Oi' for 

each of the eight random groups was computed. If any random 

group was empty, then a zero was assigned to that random 

group. 

3. Total number of workers, 0, for all eight groups was 

computed as A ...... ... 

as 

8 = 8 1 + 8 2 + ... + 8 8 • 

4. The mean number of workers per group was computed 

e = 0/8. 

5. The variance for 0 was computed as 

A 8 (0. _ 8)2 

var (8) = 8 E I 7 i= 1 

6. The standard error of e was computed as 

s(O) = .J var (0). 

7. The CV for 0 was computed as 

CV (0) = ~ x 100.0. 

8 
APPENDIX E.-METAL AND NONMETAL MINING 1986 WORKFORCE ESTIMATES 

TABLE E-1.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: employment size class, by type of ore mined 

Employment Metal Stone Sand and 

size class1 

Workers Workers Workers 

1-19 ........................... 1.771 5 18,511 25 25,200 68 3.825 11 49,307 27 

20-49 ......................... 1.695 5 17,215 23 9.117 25 4.062 12 32.088 18 

50-99 ......................... 2.101 6 10.145 14 2.444 7 4.360 13 19,050 11 

100-249 ..................... 7,715 21 23,219 32 339 1 9.049 27 40.322 22 

250-499 ..................... 5.590 16 3.726 5 0 0 5,514 16 14.829 8 

500+ ......................... 17.068 47 540 0 0 6,625 20 13 

Total ................. , .. , 35,940 100 100 100 100 100 

groups are based on annJal average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 

statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NarE.-Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 

TABLE E-2.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by type of ore mined 

Metal Stone Sand and Nonmetal Total 

Job title grouping1 

Workers Workers Workers Workers Workers 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator ....... 557 2 2.118 3 1.279 3 983 3 4,937 3 

Bellman-belt repairman ................................. 127 0 319 0 208 1 146 0 800 0 

Blaster ......... , ................................................ 189 1 336 0 3 0 n 0 605 0 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator ........... 12 0 171 a 853 2 68 0 1,103 1 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. 1.040 3 1,775 2 1,381 4 1,092 3 5,288 3 

Driller-rock bolter ........................................... 1,029 3 2,058 3 56 0 558 2 3,700 2 

Electrician-Iampman .................................... '. 1,663 5 1,433 2 75 0 608 2 3,780 2 

Front-end loader-forklift operator .................. '. 629 2 6,095 8 5,933 16 1,286 4 13,942 8 

Grader-scraper operator ............................... 195 415 1 352 1 361 1 1.323 1 

Laborer-miner-utility man .............................. 4,284 12 8.771 12 2.918 8 4.046 12 20.019 11 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General ..................................................... 1,558 4 4,543 6 3,466 9 2,152 6 11,719 7 

Maintenance .............................................. 537 1 708 1 40 0 537 2 1.821 1 

Working ................................................... ,. 1,874 5 2.362 3 387 1 1,519 5 6,143 3 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist .................... 7,857 22 11,458 16 3.299 9 5.929 18 28,543 16 

Mine technical support ................................. 4,076 11 4,524 6 1,439 4 3.000 9 13.038 7 

Office worker ................................................ 1,886 5 5,010 7 3.188 9 2.356 7 12,440 7 

Plant operator-warehouseman ....................... 5,275 15 11.377 16 3.918 11 6.742 20 27.312 15 

Shuttle car-tram operator ............................... 968 3 213 0 32 0 394 1 1,607 1 

Stone cutter-finisher ................... , .. , . ~. . . . . .. . .. . 0 0 864 0 0 15 0 879 0 

Truck driver ................................ ................ . 22 1,565 5 20,830 12 

100 33,434 100 179.831 100 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding. data may not add to totals shown. 
IIj 

TABLE E-3.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estlmates: 1 principal equipment operated, by type of ore mined 

Equipment operated Metal Stone Sand and gravel Nonmetal Total 

grouping2 Workers Workers Workers Workers Workers 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel ...................... 650 2 2,228 3 1,323 4 887 3 5,088 3 

Belt ............................................................... 127 0 404 1 247 1 157 936 1 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment... ............ 961 3 1.616 2 1.164 3 1.102 4 4.843 3 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter ....................... 823 2 485 1 3 0 275 1 1,586 1 

Drill (surface) ................................................. 328 1 1.898 3 52 0 313 1 2,591 2 

Explosives ..................................................... 175 1 332 0 3 0 77 0 588 0 

Front-end loader-forklift ................................. 1.003 3 7.538 11 6.640 20 1,915 6 17.096 10 

Grader-scraper .............................................. 195 1 427 1 400 1 506 2 1.529 1 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) ........... 7.888 23 10.370 15 2.787 8 6.564 21 27.609 16 

Hoist-elevator ................................................ 221 36 0 0 0 203 1 460 0 

Many equipment ........................................... 567 2 684 1 326 1 840 3 2,417 1 

Miscellaneous utility equipment.. ................... 2,371 7 5,423 8 1.733 5 1.915 6 11,442 7 

Plant equipment ............................................ 4.036 12 9.105 13 5.045 15 5.304 17 23,489 14 

Pump ............................................................ 195 1 168 0 216 1 179 1 758 0 

Scale-lab equipment-contrOls ......................... 1,172 5 3.316 5 985 3 1.506 5 7.579 5 

Shuttle car-locomotive ................................... 1,050 3 312 0 21 0 389 1 1.772 

Stone cutting-finishing machine ..................... 0 0 868 1 0 0 15 0 883 

Truck (haulage) ............................................. 2,299 7 9.119 13 8,501 25 1,570 5 21,488 13 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier ....................... 1.080 3 989 211 1 604 2 2,885 2 

Welding machine-lathe .................................. 1,632 5 2,904 4 808 2 443 1 5,787 3 

None ............................................................. 6,212 18 9,235 14 3.300 10 5.837 19 24.584 15 

Not elsewhere classified ................................ 294 193 0 57 0 145 0 689 0 

Unspecified ................................................... 174 695 90 0 333 

Total ....................................................... 34.054 100 68.347 100 33.912 100 31.078 100 167.391 100 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding. data may not add to totals shown. 

TABLE E-4.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: work location at mine, by type of ore mined 

Metal Stone Sand and Nonmetal Total 

Work location 

Workers Workers Workers Workers Workers 

Underground mine ........................................ 4.980 14 '.094 0 0 3.643 11 9.717 5 

Surface at underground mine ........................ 1.756 5 658 0 0 1,783 5 4.197 2 

Surface mine ................................................. 10.992 31 35,742 49 26.631 72 11.208 34 84.572 47 

Plant or mill.. ................................................. 15.126 42 28.546 39 6.026 16 13.634 41 63.332 35 

Office ............................................................ 3.087 9 7.316 10 4.443 12 3.167 9 18.012 10 

Total ....................................................... 35.940 100 73.357 100 37.100 100 33,434 100 179.831 100 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding. data may not add to totals shown. 
TABLE E-5.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 

experience at Job, company, and mining, by type of are mined 

Metal Stone Sand and gravel Nonmetal 

Experience, yr 

At present job: 

0< to s 1 ................................................. . 

1< to s2 ................................................. . 

2< to s3 ................................................ .. 

3< to s5 ................................................ .. 

5< to s10 .............................................. .. 

10< to s20 ............................................. . 

20< ......................................................... . 

Unspecified ............................................. .. 

Total ...................................................... . 

Median ............................................ yr ... . 

At present company: 

0< to sl ................................................. . 

1<tos5 ................................................. . 

5< to s10 ............................................... . 

10< to s 15 ............................................ .. 

15< to s20 ............................................. . 

20< to :s25 ............................................. . 

25< to :s3O ............................................ .. 

30< ......................................................... . 

Unspecified .............................................. . 

lOtal ..................................................... .. 

Median ............................................ yr .. .. 

Total mining: 

0< to s 1 ................................................. . 

1< to s5 ................................................ .. 

5< to s10 ............................................. .. 

10< to s15 ............................................ . 

15< to s20 ............................................. . 

20< to s25 ........................................... .. 

25< to s30 ........................................... .. 

30< ....................................................... .. 

Unspecified .............................................. . 

Total ..................................................... . 

Median ............................................ yr .. .. 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

Workers 

6,616 

3.665 

2.764 

3.349 

8.223 

6.492 

2,117 

828 

34.054 

6 

4,312 

5.915 

7,713 

5.568 

5.064 

2.188 

1.482 

1,552 

260 

34,054 

10 

1,524 

3.830 

7,141 

6,413 

5,751 

2,740 

1,740 

1,883 

34.054 

12 

pet 

19 

11 

8 

10 

24 

19 

6 

2 

100 

NAp 

13 

17 

23 

16 

15 

6 

4 

5 

100 

NAp 

4 

11 

21 

19 

17 

8 

5 

6 

100 

NAp 

Workers 

13.067 

8.365 

6,185 

8,392 

14,212 

9,702 

3,814 

4,611 

68.347 

5 

8.741 

16,500 

14.282 

9.269 

6.670 

3,550 

2.867 

4,126 

2,343 

68,347 

8 

6,577 

12,337 

13,951 

9,500 

6,994 

3,955 

3,037 

4,269 

68.347 

9 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding. data may not add to totals shown. 

pet 

19 

12 

9 

12 

21 

14 

6 

7 

100 

NAp 

13 

24 

21 

14 

10 

5 

4 

6 

3 

100 

NAp 

10 

18 

20 

14 

10 

6 

4 

6 

11 

100 

NAp 

Workers 

6.625 

3.812 

3.214 

3,932 

5,856 

4,884 

2,172 

3,417 

33.912 

4 

5.818 

10,698 

6,642 

3,934 

2.418 

1.281 

883 

999 

1,238 

33,912 

5 

3.439 

7,375 

5.852 

3.835 

2,466 

1,361 

912 

1,114 

7.558 

33,912 

8 

pet 

20 

11 

9 

12 

17 

14 

6 

10 

100 

NAp 

17 

32 

20 

12 

7 

4 

3 

3 

4 

100 

NAp 

10 

22 

17 

11 

7 

4 

3 

3 

22 

100 

NAp 

Workers 

4,900 

3.681 

2,142 

3.711 

8,197 

5,253 

841 

2.353 

31,078 

5 

2.375 

6.604 

8.691 

6,108 

2,972 

1,992 

914 

1.387 

35 

31,078 

9 

1,426 

4.684 

7,505 

5.713 

2,945 

1,723 

884 

1,424 

4,774 

31,078 

10 

pet 

16 

12 

7 

12 

26 

17 

3 

8 

100 

NAp 

8 

21 

28 

20 

10 

6 

3 

4 

o 

100 

NAp 

5 

15 

24 

18 

9 

6 

3 

5 

15 

100 

NAp 

Total 

Workers 

31.206 

19.523 

14.305 

19.383 

36,488 

26.332 

8,943 

11.210 

167,391 

5 

21.245 

39.718 

37.328 

24,878 

17.124 

9.011 

6.147 

8,064 

3.876 

167.391 

8 

12,966 

28.226 

34.448 

25,461 

18.156 

9.779 

6.573 

8,691 

23.091 

167,391 

10 

17 

pet 

19 

12 

9 

12 

22 

16 

5 

7 

100 

NAp 

13 

24 

22 

15 

10 

5 

4 

5 

2 

100 

NAp 

8 

17 

21 

15 

11 

6 

4 

5 

14 

100 

NAp 
18 

TABLE E-6.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates:' training received, by type of ore mined 

Job training for last 

2 yr, h 

Metal Stone Sand and gravel Nonmetal Total 

Mean Workers pet Mean Workers pet Mean Workers pet Mean Workers pet Mean Workers pet 

0 .............................. .. 

1-8 ............................ . 

9-15 .......................... . 

16 ............................ .. 

17-40 ....................... .. 

41-80 ........................ . 

81-160 ..................... .. 

161 + ........................ . 

Unspecified ............... . 

TotaL ................. .. 

NAp Not applicable. 

o 

7 

12 

16 

26 

60 

107 

228 

NAp 

43 

1,667 

1,227 

1.132 

5.046 

11,535 

2,691 

924 

2,035 

7.798 

34.054 

5 0 

4 7 

3 11 

15 16 

34 29 

8 64 

3 118 

6 390 

23 NAp 

100 48 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

5,175 

5,879 

3.230 

11,632 

9,985 

5,554 

3,522 

2.488 

20.883 

68.347 

8 0 

9 7 

5 11 

17 16 

15 31 

8 67 

5 120 

4 367 

31 NAp 

100 35 

NOT"E.-Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 

6,132 

2,509 

902 

4,238 

3,759 

2.786 

947 

733 

11.905 

33,912 

18 0 

7 7 

3 12 

12 16 

11 28 

8 61 

3 111 

2 371 

35 NAp 

100 44 

2,178 

1,363 

381 

7.132 

5,685 

3.609 

1.265 

931 

8,532 

31.078 

7 0 15.152 9 

4 7 10,979 7 

1 12 5,644 3 

23 16 28,048 17 

18 28 30,965 18 

12 63 14,639 9 

4 116 6.658 4 

3 331 6.188 4 

27 NAp 49,118 29 

100 44 167,391 100 

TABLE E-7.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates:' age distribution, by type of ore mined 

Metal Stone Sand and gravel Nonmetal Total 

Age, yr 

Mean Workers pet Mean Workers pet Mean Workers pet Mean Workers pet Mean Workers pet 

15-20 ........................ . 

21-23 ........................ . 

24-26 ........................ . 

27-29 ........................ . 

30-34 ....................... .. 

35-39 ....................... .. 

40-49 ....................... .. 

50+ ......................... .. 

Unspecified .............. .. 

TotaL .................. .. 

NAp Not applicable. 

20 

22 

25 

28 

32 

37 

44 

55 

NAp 

41 

317 

711 

1.433 

2.511 

5.564 

6.171 

9,559 

7,482 

308 

34.054 

19 

2 22 

4 25 

7 28 

16 32 

18 37 

28 44 

22 56 

NAp 

100 40 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

1,220 

3.214 

4,992 

6,005 

9.988 

9,458 

15,250 

16.466 

1,754 

68.347 

2 19 

5 22 

7 25 

9 28 

15 32 

14 37 

22 44 

24 57 

3 NAp 

100 39 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 

722 

1,745 

2.881 

2.920 

4,514 

4.323 

6,583 

7.821 

2,404 

33,912 

2 20 

5 22 

8 25 

9 28 

13 32 

13 37 

19 44 

23 56 

7 NAp 

100 39 

353 

1,162 

2,400 

3.137 

5,424 

4.881 

6.926 

6,632 

162 

31,078 

1 19 

4 22 

8 25 

10 28 

17 32 

16 37 

22 44 

21 56 

1 NAp 

100 40 

2.612 2 

6.831 4 

11,705 7 

14,572 9 

25,490 15 

24.833 15 

38.318 23 

38,402 23 

4.627 3 

167.391 100 
19 

TABLE E-8.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce eatlmatea:1 sex, race. and education, by type of ore mined 

Sex: 

Male ...................... . 

Female ................... . 

Unspecified ............ . 

Total .................... . 

Race: 

White .................... .. 

Black ..................... . 

Hispanic ................ .. 

Other ..................... . 

Unspecified ........... .. 

Total. ................... . 

Education level: 

Some elementary .. .. 

Some high school .. . 

High school diploma 

Vocational diploma .. 

Some college ......... . 

College degree ..... .. 

Unspecified ............ . 

Total. ................... . 

Metal 

Workers pet 

32.735 

1,182 

138 

34.054 

28.798 

793 

3.469 

871 

324 

34.054 

1,682 

3,650 

15,733 

3,243 

5,425 

3,079 

1.242 

34,054 

96 

3 

o 

100 

85 

2 

10 

2 

100 

5 

11 

46 

10 

16 

9 

4 

100 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

Stone 

Workers pet 

66.326 

1,490 

531 

68.347 

56.171 

5.119 

5.353 

1.101 

603 

68.347 

6,349 

13.068 

31.371 

4,520 

5,120 

2.549 

5.370 

68,347 

97 

2 

100 

82 

7 

8 

2 

100 

9 

19 

46 

7 

7 

4 

8 

100 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding. data may not add to totals shown. 

Sand and gravel 

Workers pet 

32.949 

790 

174 

33.912 

28.844 

1.742 

2.448 

458 

822 

33.912 

2,812 

6,030 

15.792 

2,171 

2.212 

879 

4.015 

33.912 

97 

2 

100 

84 

5 

7 

1 

2 

100 

8 

18 

47 

6 

7 

3 

12 

100 

Nonmetal 

Workers pet 

29.873 

1.061 

143 

31.078 

23.327 

4.758 

2.439 

399 

154 

31.078 

2,168 

5,155 

14,652 

2.563 

2,497 

1.596 

2,445 

31,078 

96 

3 

o 

100 

75 

15 

8 

1 

o 

100 

7 

17 

47 

8 

8 

5 

8 

100 

Total 

Workers pet 

181.883 

4.523 

984 

187.391 

138.940 

12.413 

13.708 

2.828 

167.391 

13,012 

27.904 

n,548 

12,498 

15,254 

8,103 

167,391 

97 

3 

100 

82 

7 

8 

2 

100 

8 

17 

46 

7 

9 

5 

8 

100 

TABLE E-9.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce .. tlmat .. : Job title, by employment size cla .. 1 

1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500+ Total 

Job title grouping2 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator ..... .. 

Beltman-belt repairman ............................... .. 

Blaster ......................................................... . 

Deckhand-barge Lind dredge operator .......... . 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operatcr. 

Driller-rock bolter ......................................... . 

Eledrician-Iampman .................................... . 

Front-end loader-forklift operator .................. .. 

Grader-scraper operator .............................. .. 

Laborer-miner-utility man .............................. . 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General .................................................. .. 

Maintenance ............................................ .. 

Working .................................................... . 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist .................... . 

Mine technical support ................................ .. 

Office worker ................................................ . 

Plant operator-warehouseman ...................... . 

Shuttle car-tram operator ............................. .. 

Stone cutter-finisher .................................... .. 

Truck driver ................................................. .. 

1,806 

138 

132 

609 

1,876 

1,128 

99 

8,255 

427 

4,205 

5.135 

83 

383 

3,303 

1,933 

3,994 

5,658 

71 

268 

9,806 

4 1,022 

o 181 

o 157 

237 

4 842 

2 823 

o 187 

17 2,744 

1 335 

9 3.183 

10 2,358 

o 235 

1 853 

7 4,503 

4 1,725 

8 2.094 

11 4,602 

o 69 

1 364 

20 5,575 

3 564 

1 54 

o 27 

1 35 

3 479 

3 312 

1 313 

9 1,052 

1 2n 

10 2.284 

7 1,071 

1 189 

3 960 

14 3,578 

5 1,371 

7 1,326 

14 3,253 

o 152 

o 

17 1,753 

3 667 

o 160 

o 117 

o 213 

3 1,070 

2 734 

2 1,352 

6 1,398 

1 187 

12 5,490 

6 1,836 

1 672 

5 1,856 

19 7,665 

7 4,006 

7 2,757 

17 7,480 

1 440 

o 248 

9 1,974 

2 

o 

o 

1 

3 

2 

3 

3 

o 

14 

5 

2 

5 

19 

10 

7 

19 

1 

1 

5 

399 

100 

93 

10 

461 

289 

537 

339 

28 

1,727 

4n 

371 

739 

3,391 

1,336 

941 

2,621 

108 

o 

864 

3 478 

1 167 

1 80 

o 0 

3 560 

2 415 

4 1,291 

2 155 

o 70 

12 3,131 

3 842 

3 272 

5 1.352 

23 6,104 

9 2,666 

6 1,327 

18 3,697 

1 767 

o 0 

6 858 

2 4,937 3 

1 800 0 

o 605 0 

o 1,103 1 

2 5,288 3 

2 3,700 2 

5 3,780 2 

1 13,942 8 

o 1,323 

13 20,019 11 

3 11,719 7 

1 1,821 1 

6 6,143 3 

25 28,543 16 

11 13,038 7 

5 12,440 7 

15 27,312 15 

3 1,607 1 

o 879 0 

4 20,830 12 

Total....................................................... 49,307 100 32,088 100 19,050 100 40.322 100 14,829 100 24,233 100 179,831 100 

'MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 

statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

2As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NaTE-Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
20 

TABLE E-10.-lIetal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates:' pnnclpal equipment operatea, by employment sIZe CI8SS1-19 20-49 50--99 100-249 250-499 500+ Total 

Equipment operated grouping3 Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Wof't(ers pet 

Backf1oe.crane.dragline-shovel...................... 1.876 4 1.067 4 574 3 723 2 354 3 493 2 5.088 3 

Belt............................................................... 159 0 208 1 88 0 212 121 1 167 1 936 1 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment............... 1.622 4 916 3 474 3 817 2 428 3 586 3 4.843 3 

DrIll (undef'ground)-rock boner ...... ... ... ........... 285 1 222 1 88 0 393 136 485 2 1.586 1 

DrIll (.urface)................................................. 978 2 695 2 238 1 456 1 165 1 58 0 2.591 2 

ExpIoeivea..................................................... 138 0 157 1 29 0 105 0 79 1 80 0 588 0 

Front-end loader-forklift ................................. 9.248 20 3.209 11 1.351 8 2,271 6 684 5 332 1 17.096 10 

Grader-ecraper ....................................... , ... ... 497 1 3n 1 291 2 266 28 0 70 0 1.529 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered)........... 2.864 6 3.783 13 3.129 18 8.104 22 3,440 25 6.291 27 27.609 16 

Hoist-elevator ......... ......... ........ ..... ... ... ..... ...... 60 0 5 0 106 1 198 28 0 83 0 480 0 

Many equipment ......................... ..... ............. 8n 2 278 1 341 2 229 48 0 644 3 2,417 1 

Miscellaneous utility equipment..................... 2.194 5 1.981 7 1,198 7 3.544 9 970 7 1.555 7 11.442 7 

Plant equipment............................................ 6.784 15 4.212 14 2,574 15 5.295 14 2.056 15 2.589 11 23,489 14 

Pump............................................................ 218 0 139 0 103 1 176 0 48 0 75 0 758 0 

Scale-Iab equipment-controls......................... 1.233 3 1,125 4 851 5 2.473 7 590 4 1.307 6 7.579 5 

Shuttlecar·locomotive................................... 60 0 99 0 121 1 523 129 1 839 4 l,n2 

Stone cutting-finishing machine..................... 306 330 1 0 0 248 1 0 0 0 0 883 1 

Truck (haulage) ............................................. 10,100 22 5.661 19 1,789 10 2,074 6 947 7 917 4 21,488 13 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier............... ........ 325 1 241 1 126 1 635 2 591 4 967 4 2,885 2 

Welding machine-lathe ...... ...... ...... ......... ....... 787 2 965 3 857 5 1.422 4 584 4 1.171 5 5.787 3 

None............................................................. 4,579 10 3,928 13 3,174 18 8,750 18 2.288 16 3.888 17 24.584 15 

Not elaewhere classified.. .............................. 75 0 117 0 135 132 0 70 160 889 0 

Unspecified ................................................... __ 7_0 __ 0 ___ 280 _____ 1_08 _____ 5_20 _____ 1_26 _____ 1_88 ____ 1.;....29_2 __ 

Total ...................................................... . 45.314 100 29.994 100 17.724 100 37.585 100 13.888 100 22.908 100 187.391 100 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the totaJ employment; hence. MSHA published injury 

statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

3 See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE.-Owing to Independent rounding. data may not add to totaJ. shown. 

TABLE E-11.-lIetal • ...:I nonmetal mining 1988 workforce etdImat.: work location at mine, by employment size cl ... 1 

1-19 20-49 50--99 100-249 250--499 500+ Total 

Wor1< location 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Underground mine ...................................... .. 895 2 512 2 967 5 3,243 8 1.062 7 3.038 13 9.717 5 

Surface at underground mine ...................... .. 503 1 278 1 273 1 1.017 3 538 4 1,589 7 4,197 2 

Surface mine ............................................... . 34.082 69 18,199 57 8.115 43 11,746 29 5,599 38 6,832 28 84,572 47 

Plant or milL ................................................ . 8.298 17 9,824 31 7,780 41 20,338 50 6,254 42 10,838 45 63.332 35 

Office ........................................................... . 5.529 11 3,275 10 1.915 10 3.979 10 1.379 9 1,935 8 18.012 10 

Total ..................................................... . 49.307 100 32,088 100 19,050 100 40,322 100 14,829 100 24,233 100 179,831 100 

1MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence. MSHA published injury 

statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOfe.-Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
TABLE E-12.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 

experience at job, company, and mining, by employment size class2 

21 

1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500+ Total 

Experience. yr Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

At present job: 

0< to :s1 ................................................. . 

1 < to :s2 ................................................. . 

2< to :s3 ................................................. . 

3< to :s5 ................................................ .. 

5< to :s 10 ............................................... . 

10< to :s2O ............................................ .. 

20< ......................................................... . 

9.567 

5.498 

4.554 

5.595 

7.n8 

6.686 

2,791 

21 6,089 

12 3,443 

10 2,235 

12 3,125 

17 5.544 

15 4,231 

6 1,940 

20 3,695 

11 2.483 

7 1.652 

10 1,949 

18 3,810 

14 2,060 

6 847 

21 7,032 

14 4,558 

9 3,462 

11 5,208 

21 8.n5 

12 5,012 

5 1,015 

19 1,999 

12 1,337 

9 1,050 

14 1,479 

23 4,108 

13 2.137 

3 630 

14 2,824 

10 2,204 

8 1,353 

11 2,027 

30 6,473 

15 6,205 

5 1,720 

12 31,206 19 

10 19,523 12 

6 14,305 9 

9 19,383 12 

28 36,488 22 

27 26,332 16 

8 8,943 5 

Unspecified ............................................... 7 1,147 8 100 0 7 

Total....................................................... 45,314 100 29,994 100 17,724 100 37,565 100 13.888 100 22,906 100 167,391 100 

Median ............................................ yr... 4 NAp 4 NAp 4 NAp 4 NAp 6 NAp 7 NAp 5 NAp 

At present company: 

0< to :s1.................................................. 8,053 18 5,176 17 2,316 13 3,482 9 670 5 1.549 7 21.245 13 

1 < to :s5.................................................. 15.239 34 8.068 27 5.079 29 7,387 20 2,576 19 1.369 6 39,718 24 

5< to :s 10 ................................................ 8,564 19 5.947 20 4,246 24 9,683 26 3,586 26 5,302 23 37,328 22 

10< to s15.............................................. 5,160 11 3,717 12 2,181 12 5.843 16 2,204 16 5.773 25 24.878 15 

15< to s20 .............................................. 2.853 6 2,715 9 1,433 8 4,402 12 1,746 13 3,977 17 17,124 10 

20< to :s25.............................................. 1,410 3 1,420 5 833 5 1,993 5 1,359 10 1,995 9 9,011 5 

25< to s3O.............................................. 994 2 1,124 4 504 3 1,604 4 682 5 1,238 5 6,147 4 

30< .......................................................... 1,228 3 1,145 4 902 5 2,163 6 1,021 7 1,603 7 8,064 5 

Unspecified ............................................... _____ 4 __ 68_1 __ 2__ Z30 ________ 3 ___ 44 ___ 0 __ 1_00 ___ 0 __ 3,_8_76 __ 2 

Total....................................................... 45,314 100 29,994 100 17,724 100 37,565 100 13,888 100 22,906 100 167,391 100 

Median ............................................ yr.... 5 NAp 7 NAp 7 NAp 9 NAp 11 NAp 13 NAp 8 NAp 

Total mining: 

0< to :s1.................................................. 5,181 11 3,535 12 1.438 8 2,210 6 371 3 231 1 12,966 8 

1< to :s5 .................................................. 10,949 24 5.584 19 3,389 19 5,626 15 1,501 11 1,177 5 28,226 17 

5< to :s 10 ................................................ 8.292 18 5,130 17 4,216 24 9,197 24 2,994 22 4,619 20 34,448 21 

10< to s 15 .............................................. 5.526 12 3,598 12 2,305 13 5,987 16 2,120 15 5,925 26 25,461 15 

15< to :s20.............................................. 3.449 8 2.539 8 1,495 8 4,687 12 1,634 12 4,350 19 18,156 11 

20< to s25 .............................................. 1,902 4 1,219 4 1,009 6 2,302 6 1,173 8 2,174 9 9,779 6 

25< to s3O............................................. 1.274 3 1.211 4 565 3 1,553 4 710 5 1,260 5 6,573 4 

30< .......................................................... 1,738 4 1,167 4 860 5 2,230 6 1,021 7 1,675 7 8,691 5 

Unspecified ............................................... _____ 1_5 __ 6_,0_1_1 __ 2_0 __ 2_,446 ___ 1_4 __ 3_,_77_3 __ 10 __ 2,_3_63 __ 1_7 __ 1_,4_9_5 __ 7__ 23_'_09_1 __ 14

Total...................................................... 45,314 100 100 100 37,565 100 13,888 100 22,906 100 167,391 100 

Median ......... 7 

NAp Not applicable 

1 Excluding job title category of office wor~.ers. 

2MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence. MSHA published 'f1Jury 

statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
.).) 

-v 

TABLE E-15.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates:' sex, race, and education, by employment size class2 

1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500+ Total 

Workers 

Sex: 

Male ......................................................... 43,793 97 29,150 97 17,163 97 36,131 96 13,439 97 22,206 97 161.883 97 

Female ..................................................... 1.047 2 590 2 475 3 1.320 4 416 3 675 3 4.523 3 

Unspecified .............................................. 474 254 86 0 113 0 32 0 25 0 984 

Total ...................................................... 100 17,724 100 37.565 100 13,888 100 22,906 100 167,391 100 

Race: 

White ........................................................ 39,480 87 24,240 81 13,991 79 29,594 79 10,692 n 18,944 83 136,940 82 

Black ........................................................ 1,867 4 2,412 8 2,019 11 3,241 9 1,794 13 1,080 5 12,413 7 

Hispanic .................................................... 2,665 6 2.312 8 1.270 7 3,862 10 1,052 8 2,547 11 13.708 8 

Other ......................................................... 857 2 331 281 2 636 2 274 2 247 1 2,626 2 

Unspecified ............................................... 444 699 2 164 231 n 88 0 1,703 

Total ....................................................... 100 17,724 100 100 22.906 100 100 

Education level: 

Some elementary ....................................... 4,028 9 3,014 10 1.659 9 2.516 7 668 5 1,126 5 13.012 8 

Some high school ...................................... 8.912 20 5,670 19 3.027 17 5.355 14 2,255 16 2,685 12 27.904 17 

High school diploma .................................. 22,031 49 12,964 43 7,329 41 17,570 47 6,561 47 11,092 48 77.548 46 

Vocational diploma ..................................... 2,990 7 1,631 5 1,524 9 3,259 9 1,368 10 1,725 8 12,498 7 

Some college ............................................. 2,768 6 1,819 6 1,439 8 4,176 11 1,876 14 3,176 14 15.254 9 

College degree .......................................... 1,311 3 959 3 911 5 2,449 7 1,On 8 1,397 6 8,103 5 

Unspecified ............................................... 3,273 7 3,936 13 1,835 10 2,240 6 83 1,705 7 13,072 8 

Total ....................................................... 100 37,565 100 100 22,906 100 167,391 100 

job title category of office workers. 

groups are based on the ann.Jal average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment; hence, MSHA published injury 

statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
TABLE E-16.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 

job title, by principal equipment operated,1 number of workers 

Job hUe grouping2 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator ....... . 

Beltman-belt repairman ................................ . 

Blaster ......................................................... . 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator. 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 

operator ..................................... . 

Driller-rock bolter. ....................................... .. 

Electrician-Iampman ........................ .. 

Front-end loader-forklift operator. .... .. 

Grader-scraper operator 

Laborer-nllner-utility man ............... .. 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 

Maintenance .. 

Working 

Mechamc-welder-oiler-machinist ................... . 

Mane techmcal support 

Office worker .. 

Plant operator-warehouseman 

Shuttle car-tram operator. .................. .. 

Stone cutter-finisher 

TrUCk driver 

Total 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator 

BeUman-belt repairman 

Blaster 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 

operator 

Driller-rock bolter. 

Electnclan-Iampman .... 

Front-end loader-forklift operator. ... 

Grader-scraper operator 

Laborer-miner-utillty man. 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General 

Maintenance 

Working 

Mechanlc-welder-oiler-machinist 

Mine technical support 

Office worker .. 

Plant operator-warehouseman 

Shuttle car-tram operator ..... 

Stone cutter-fimsher 

Truck driver 

Total 

eKplanatory notes at end of table 

Backhoe 

crane 

dragline 

shovel 

4.667 

o 

o 

3 

93 

7 

o 

o 

o 

39 

115 

3 

9 

75 

30 

o 

46 

o 

o 

o 

5.066 

HOist 

elevator 

o 

o 

o 

o 

38 

8 

o 

o 

o 

47 

o 

o 

o 

o 

277 

o 

25 

66 

o 

o 

460 

Dozer Drill 

Belt heavy and (underground) Drill 

mobile rock (surface) Explosives 

Front-end 

loader 

forklift 

Grader 

scraper 

o 

767 

o 

7 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

46 

11 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

103 

o 

o 

o 

936 

60 

3 

o 

o 

4.217 

o 

o 

50 

o 

206 

120 

o 

65 

o 

6 

o 

115 

o 

o 

o 

4.843 

M Misc. 

any utility 

equipment equipment 

7 

o 

o 

o 

16 

5 

o 

25 

o 

1.651 

433 

o 

46 

o 

6 

o 

20 

o 

o 

7 

41 

o 

o 

75 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

11326 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

bolter 

o 

o 

o 

o 

8 

1,216 

o 

o 

o 

320 

o 

o 

3 

o 

o 

o 

25 

o 

13 

o 

1.586 

Plant 

equipment 

21 

20 

o 

871 

21 

o 

o 

o 

o 

783 

421 

o 

213 

61 

52 

o 

20,903 

123 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

2.363 

o 

o 

o 

164 

6 

o 

7 

14 

18 

o 

20 

o 

o 

o 

2,591 

Pump 

o 

7 

o 

5 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

430 

27 

o 

o 

o 

23 

o 

267 

o 

o 

o 

758 

o 

o 

559 

o 

o 

17 

o 

o 

o 

6 

o 

o 

6 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

586 

42 

o 

o 

7 

495 

6 

o 

13,651 

o 

1,088 

422 

o 

159 

o 

11 

o 

964 

o 

6 

21 

17,096 

o 

o 

o 

o 

143 

o 

o 

o 

1,323 

37 

17 

o 

6 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

2 

1.529 

Scale Shut1le Stone 

lab car cut1ing 

equipment locomotive finishing 

controls machine 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

29 

62 

o 

25 

2 

6.788 

73 

653 

o 

o 

o 

20 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

312 

o 

o 

7 

o 

25 

o 

135 

1.274 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

51 

o 

o 

6 

o 

o 

o 

7 

o 

819 

o 

Handtools 

(powered 

and 

40 

3 

o 

26 

o 

22 

3,760 

o 

o 

765 

9 

4 

61 

22,570 

194 

o 

115 

o 

o 

o 

27.609 

Truck 

haulage 

o 

o 

o 

o 

256 

o 

o 

16 

o 

248 

91 

o 

22 

o 

17 

o 

30 

7 

o 

20,801 
TABLE E-16.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 wortdorce e5t1mates: 

Job title, by principal equipment operated,' number of WOrkers- COli. 

Truck Welding Nol 

Job lille grouping' (Uliliry) machine None elsewhere Unspecffied TolaJ pe~nnel lalhe classified carner 

Backhoe-crane-dragllne-shovel operalor ." ,,, , .•. ,., ... ,'" 0 0 39 0 0 4,937 

Bellman-bell repairman " ., .............................. " ... ...... 0 0 0 0 0 800 

Blasler ............... ,., ............... ............................ " ...... , 0 0 46 0 0 605 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operalOr .,."""".""""." 0 0 0 2B B2 1,103 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equlpmenl operalor .... "" .... 0 0 0 0 0 5,2BB 

Driller-rock bolter "" .. ... " ... """,, . .... .. .... ...... .... , ...... .• . 10 0 37 7 0 3,700 

Electrician-lampman .. ,"" .. ,,, ............................. ,, ...... 0 0 0 0 0 3,7BO 

Fronl-end loader-forklift operator ................ " " ........... 0 0 0 0 0 13,942 

Orader-SCrBper operBlOr ............. , .......... .................... 0 0 0 0 0 1,323 

Laborer-miner-utility man ....... , .............. ....... ....... ...... 1,111 0 699 260 196 20,019 

Manager-foreman-supervlsor: 

General .............. , .. ....... .. .. " ....... " .... " ....... ", .......... 394 16 9,556 0 0 11,719 

Maintenance ................. .. ......... ........................ , ..... 154 6 1,654 0 0 1,821 

Working ... " .. ..... .... , ...... " .. " ...... ........................ .. .. 497 14 4,908 6 63 6,143 

Mechanlc-welder-olier-machlnISl ............ , ... , ..... , .. , .. .... 24 5,745 0 53 0 28,543 

Mine lechnlcal support ............ .................... " ." ...... " 474 0 4,939 B7 92 13,038 

Office worker .................................... 86 0 12,278 3 0 12,440 

Planl operalOr-warehouseman ......................... ......... . 206 7 2.557 235 B60 27,312 

Shuttle car·lram operator .. .. ..................................... . 15 0 109 13 0 1,607 

SlOne cuner-finlsher ..... , ............. ......................... ,' .... 0 0 40 0 0 879 

Truck driver .... " .................. , ................... " ..... .. .......... 0 0 0 0 0 20,830 

Total ................................................................ ,., 2,971 5,7B7 36,862 691 1,292 179,831 

'See appendix B lor detailed explanation 01 equlpmenl operBled grouping. 

"/!IF, defined by MSHA; see appendix A ror detailed sxplanalion or job !ille grouping. 

NOTE.-Owlng 10 independent rounding, daIS may not add 10 IDIBls shown. 

TABLE E-17.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by work location at mine, number of workers 

Underground Surface al Surface Planl Job !'IUe grouping' underground Office TotaJ mine mine mine or mill 

Backhoe-crane-dnlgilne-shovel operalOr ........ 10 41 4,440 447 0 4,937 

Ballman-bell repairman ................................. 20 40 322 417 0 BOO 

BIBS1er ............... ...................... ............. " ...... 170 0 428 7 0 605 

Deckhend-berge and dredge operator ........... 0 13 999 92 0 1,103 

Dozer-heevy and mobile equipment oper1llOr. 37 168 4,607 476 0 5,288 

Driller-rock bolter ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,269 39 2,351 42 0 3,700 

EJectr\clan-lampman ...................................... 188 171 1,130 2,291 0 3,780 

Front-end Ioader·forklift operBlor"." ... ""."." .. 226 127 11,067 2.523 0 13,942 

Onlder ·SCrBPBr operBtor ..... .......................... 46 7 1,236 35 0 1,323 

LBborer-mlner-ulifity man ................ 2,734 498 9,853 6,934 0 20,019 

Manager-foreman-supervillOr: 

GanerBl .......... ...... ", .... .... .................... , ..... 616 182 6,824 3,338 756 11,719 

Maintenance .............................................. 179 95 564 937 45 1,821 

WorkIng ........... ................... .' ... , ............... 559 134 2,130 3,244 78 6,143 

Mechanlc-welder-oiler-machlnls1 ..... ............... 1,551 1,473 13,229 12,290 0 2B,543 

Mine lechnlcal suppon ................................. 401 720 2.,881 5,101 4,134 13,038 

Office worker ............. .. .. ............................... 0 0 0 0 12,440 12,440 

Plant operBlOr-warehousemen .......... ............. 279 2B7 3,548 22,639 559 27,312 

Shunle car·tram operlllor .......... .. ................... 1,062 14 269 262 0 1,607 

Slone .:uner-finlsher ............ " ...................... .. 0 0 329 550 0 879 

Truck driver .......................... ....... , ... " ............ 370 188 16,565 1,707 0 20,830 

Tolal ................. ,., ...... , .............. , ............. 9,717 4,197 84 ,572 63,332 16,012 179,831 

'As defined by MSHA; see appendix A lor detailed explanation of Job IllIe grouping. 

NOTE -Owi"~ !o Independent rounding, dala may nOI add 10 lOla Is shown. 
TABLE E-18.-Uetal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of experience at job 

Job title grouping 1 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator ....... . 

Beltman-belt repairman ............................... . 

Blaster ......................................................... . 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator .......... . 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. 

Driller-rock bolter .......................................... . 

EI8Ctrician-lampman ..................................... . 

Front-end loader-forklift operator ................... . 

Grader-scraper operator .............................. . 

Laborer-miner-utility man ............................ .. 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General .................................................... . 

Maintenance ............................................. . 

\Norking .................................................... . 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist ................... . 

Mine technical support ................................ . 

Office worker ................................................ . 

Plant operator-warehouseman ...................... . 

Shuttle car-tram operator ............................. .. 

Stone cutter-finisher .................................... .. 

Truck driver ................................................. .. 

Total ...................................................... . 

0< 

to ~1 

723 

341 

86 

196 

861 

688 

481 

2,259 

256 

6.256 

1.122 

224 

911 

3.962 

2,527 

1.969 

5.722 

269 

156 

4,168 

33,176 

1< 

to ~2 

557 

71 

129 

1n 

605 

488 

251 

1.681 

129 

2,666 

981 

128 

516 

2,949 

1.655 

1.508 

3.485 

241 

45 

2.n1 

21,032 

2< 

to ~3 

444 

61 

67 

113 

428 

276 

264 

1.437 

121 

1,875 

858 

194 

514 

2.123 

1,276 

1,253 

2,245 

112 

38 

1.860 

15.558 

3< 

to ~5 

481 

47 

62 

1e9 

552 

522 

322 

1.801 

191 

2,076 

1,275 

233 

674 

2,966 

1,672 

1.404 

3,645 

247 

123 

2.326 

20.787 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOfE.-Owing to independent rounding. data may not add to totals shown. 

5< 

to ~10 

1.134 

141 

157 

244 

1.168 

808 

1,160 

2.644 

319 

3.479 

2,592 

573 

1.722 

7.509 

3,037 

2,710 

5.550 

518 

146 

3.588 

39,198 

10< 

to ~2O 

8n 

79 

81 

105 

847 

573 

1.035 

2,259 

217 

2,083 

2,565 

310 

1,178 

5,661 

1,635 

1,901 

3,n4 

161 

110 

2.n9 

28,233 

20< 

433 

30 

10 

41 

333 

103 

196 

939 

21 

489 

1.467 

36 

328 

1,780 

601 

826 

1,008 

53 

72 

1,003 

9.769 

Unspecified 

287 

30 

13 

58 

494 

243 

72 

922 

71 

1.095 

859 

124 

298 

1.594 

636 

869 

1.883 

5 

189 

2,336 

12,079 

Total 

4,937 

800 

605 

1.103 

5,288 

3.700 

3,780 

13.942 

1.323 

20.019 

11.719 

1,821 

6.143 

28.543 

13,038 

12.440 

27.312 

1,607 

879 

20.830 

179,831 

TABLE E-19.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of experience at company 

Job title grouping 1 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator ....... . 

Beltman-belt repairman ................................ . 

Blaster ......................................................... . 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator ......... .. 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 

operator .................................................... . 

Driller-rock bolter .......................................... . 

EI8Ctrician-lampman ..................................... . 

Front-end loader-forklift operator ................... . 

Grader-scraper operator .............................. .. 

Laborer-miner-utility man .............................. . 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General .................................................... . 

Maintenance ............................................. . 

\Norking .................................................... . 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist ................... . 

Mine technical support ................................. . 

Office worker ................................................ . 

Plant operator-warehouseman ...................... . 

Shuttle car-tram operator .............................. . 

Stone cutter-finisher .................................... .. 

Truck driver ................................................. .. 

0< 

to s 1 

481 

137 

50 

115 

566 

555 

236 

1,707 

236 

4,567 

545 

87 

297 

2,890 

1,624 

1,616 

3,013 

293 

123 

3,724 

1 < 5< 10< 15< 20< 25< 

to s5 to ~ 10 to s 15 to s 20 to s25 to s30 

1.148 

142 

165 

287 

1.301 

973 

562 

3,983 

346 

4.954 

2.168 

369 

806 

5,550 

3,313 

3.179 

6.626 

169 

208 

6,648 

1,007 

234 

158 

328 

1,039 

918 

905 

2.922 

275 

4.570 

2,327 

464 

1.310 

6.690 

3,111 

3.075 

6,553 

562 

1n 

3.780 

731 

126 

101 

167 

934 

564 

754 

1.760 

253 

2.613 

1.968 

229 

1,111 

4.883 

1.889 

1,919 

4.138 

262 

92 

2.302 

561 

86 

38 

52 

539 

398 

620 

1,319 

110 

1,226 

1,495 

227 

914 

3,641 

1,189 

8n 

2,n4 

130 

13 

1,793 

378 

11 

63 

40 

348 

94 

308 

640 

35 

663 

970 

211 

604 

1,631 

676 

5n 

1,443 

84 

39 

n3 

242 

27 

17 

14 

118 

67 

164 

507 

42 

458 

731 

125 

363 

1.175 

466 

394 

930 

49 

96 

558 

30< 

349 

28 

14 

19 

225 

61 

184 

651 

27 

467 

1,184 

69 

661 

1,473 

611 

450 

1,361 

57 

68 

555 

Total....................................................... 22.861 42,897 40,403 26.797 18.001 9.587 6.541 8.514 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOfE.-Owing to independent rounding. data may not add to totals shown. 

Unspecified 

40 

10 

o 

83 

218 

70 

48 

454 

o 

500 

331 

41 

n 

610 

160 

353 

475 

o 

63 

697 

4.229 

Total 

4,937 

800 

605 

1.103 

5,288 

3,700 

3,780 

13.942 

1,323 

20,019 

11,719 

1.821 

6,143 

28,543 

13.038 

12,440 

27,312 

1.607 

879 

179.831 

Median, 

yr 

6 

2 

4 

4 

5 

5 

8 

5 

5 

3 

8 

6 

6 

6 

4 

5 

4 

5 

5 

4 

5 

Median, 

yr 

10 

7 

8 

7 

9 

7 

11 

7 

7 

6 

12 

10 

13 

10 

7 

7 

8 

8 

7 

5 

8 
TABLE E-20.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title. by years of mining experience 

Job title grouping1 0< 

to :s 1 

1 < 5< 10< 15< 20< 25< 30< to :s 5 to:s 10 to:s 15 to:s 20 to:s 25 to:s 30 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator ....... . 

8eltman-be1t repairman ................................ . 

Blaster ......................................................... . 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator .......... . 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 

operator .................................................... . 

Driller-rock bolter .......................................... . 

Electrician-lampman ..................................... . 

Front-end loader-forklift operator ................... . 

Grader-scraper operator ............................... . 

Laborer-miner-utility man ............................. .. 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General .................................................... . 

Maintenance ............................................. . 

Working .................................................... . 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist .................. .. 

Mine technical support ................................. . 

Office worker ................................................ . 

Plant operator-warehouseman ..................... .. 

Shuttle car-tram operator ............................. .. 

Stone cutter-finisher ..................................... . 

Truck driver .................................................. . 

317 727 

82 90 

43 120 

77 224 

320 888 

264 653 

136 458 

844 2,877 

142 246 

3.198 3,995 

177 1,017 

6 202 

87 364 

1,686 4,126 

1,067 2,344 

1,048 2,278 

1,7n 4,817 

20 128 

105 122 

2,619 4,827 

971 

255 

123 

324 

1,073 

865 

883 

2,920 

253 

4,309 

1,762 

348 

1,028 

6,165 

2,856 

2,605 

6,231 

582 

72 

3,428 

794 

123 

108 

186 

873 

693 

760 

1,892 

250 

2,612 

2.158 

221 

1,112 

4.919 

1,944 

1,673 

4.177 

455 

89 

2,096 

622 

119 

40 

68 

607 

531 

617 

1.480 

91 

1,387 

1,584 

255 

992 

3,881 

1,192 

866 

2,887 

149 

7 

1,648 

430 

7 

44 

24 

416 

136 

292 

652 

44 

826 

1,124 

204 

634 

1.729 

709 

668 

1,652 

137 

39 

680 

289 404 

27 22 

17 14 

32 13 

156 241 

118 76 

136 238 

502 797 

42 27 

480 556 

840 1.371 

171 86 

355 630 

1.202 1,490 

522 731 

408 552 

1.005 1.358 

61 54 

26 20 

593 565 

Total....................................................... 14.014 30,504 37,053 27.134 19,022 10.448 6,981 9.242 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE-Owing to independent rounding. data may not add to totals shown. 

Unspecified 

383 

74 

96 

156 

713 

366 

261 

1,979 

229 

2.655 

1,686 

328 

941 

3.346 

1,674 

2.342 

3.409 

21 

399 

25.433 

Total 

4,937 

800 

605 

1,103 

5.288 

3.700 

3,780 

13,942 

1,323 

20,019 

11.719 

1,821 

6,143 

28,543 

13.038 

12,440 

27,312 

1.607 

879 

179,831 

'27 

Median, 

12 

10 

8 

8 

11 

10 

12 

9 

8 

7 

15 

15 

16 

11 

9 

9 

10 

11 

6 

7 

10 

TABLE E-21.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title. by hours of training received in last 2 yr 

Job title o 1-8 9-15 16 17-40 41-80 81-160 161 + 

Backhoe-cranEKIragline-shovel operator ....... . 

Beltman-belt repairman ............................... .. 

Blaster ......................................................... . 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator ......... .. 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment 

operator .................................................... . 

Driller-rock bolter .......................................... . 

Electrician-Iampman ..................................... . 

Front-end loader-forklift operator .................. .. 

Grader-scraper operator ............................... . 

Laborer-miner-utility man ............................. .. 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General .................................................... . 

Maintenance ............................................. . 

Working .................................................... . 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist .................. .. 

Mine technical support ................................ .. 

Office worker ................................................ . 

Plant operator-warehouseman ...................... . 

Shuttle car"tram operator .............................. . 

Stone cutter-finisher ..................................... . 

Truck driver ................................................. .. 

455 

85 

68 

175 

519 

374 

297 

1.663 

120 

1,560 

1.465 

92 

465 

1,891 

1.110 

2.389 

2.110 

141 

139 

2,422 

289 

76 

24 

40 

321 

143 

189 

1.148 

110 

1,326 

144 818 

47 156 

6 146 

18 159 

157 1,063 

73 866 

104 879 

387 2,175 

28 359 

858 3.512 

549 362 1.925 

154 18 

403 72 

1,635 1,045 

865 436 

801 301 

1,825 1,136 

61 0 

184 30 

1.639 723 

235 

1,005 

5,311 

1,722 

959 

4,099 

452 

13 

3.151 

631 

71 

104 

177 

851 

423 

767 

2.278 

149 

3.386 

1,688 

326 

1,388 

6,538 

2,671 

1,177 

6,084 

247 

66 

3,121 

395 

66 

75 

123 

456 

506 

235 

1.185 

100 

1,711 

1,037 

311 

703 

2.160 

994 

869 

2.564 

369 

40 

1.609 

212 

11 

35 

62 

129 

162 

146 

580 

3 

837 

562 

96 

343 

1.039 

630 

382 

1.108 

15 

12 

675 

230 

10 

19 

28 

240 

171 

289 

343 

15 

772 

264 

34 

316 

1.396 

412 

361 

1.121 

38 

6 

486 

Total....................................................... 17,541 11.780 5,945 29.006 32.142 15.508 7.040 6.549 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE-Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 

1,764 

278 

128 

321 

1,552 

983 

874 

4,182 

440 

6.058 

3.867 

555 

1.448 

7.529 

4.198 

5.203 

7.265 

284 

389 

7.004 

54.321 

Total 

4.937 

800 

605 

1.103 

5,288 

3.700 

3.780 

13.942 

1.323 

20,019 

11.719 

1,821 

6.143 

28.543 

13.038 

12.440 

27.312 

1.607 

879 

20,830 

179.831 

49 

25 

48 

41 

45 

53 

56 

39 

28 

45 

40 

44 

51 

52 

42 

44 

42 

39 

24 

35 

44 
:28 

TABLE E-22.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by years of age 

Job title grouping 1 15-20 21-23 24-26 27-29 30-34 35-39 40-49 50+ Unspecified 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator ....... . 

Beltman-belt repairman ................................ . 

Blaster ......................................................... . 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator .......... . 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. 

Driller-rock bolter ......................................... .. 

Electrician-Iampman ..................................... . 

Front-end loader-forklift operator ................... . 

Grader-scraper operator ............................... . 

Laborer-miner-utility man ............................. .. 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General ................................................... .. 

Maintenance ............................................. . 

Working .................................................... . 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist .................. . 

Mine technical support ................................. . 

Office worker ................................................ . 

Plant operator-warehouseman ..................... .. 

Shuttle car-tram operator.. ............................ . 

Stone cutter-finisher ..................................... . 

Truck driver .................................................. . 

58 119 

17 17 

7 48 

9 60 

10 104 

81 94 

9 83 

287 629 

40 53 

860 1,688 

6 79 

o 6 

17 29 

252 642 

167 595 

211 414 

381 1,310 

o 7 

13 71 

400 1.198 

400 

35 

32 

81 

272 

226 

44 

1,116 

102 

2,241 

285 

20 

99 

1,535 

868 

655 

2,273 

107 

61 

1,907 

349 

120 

41 

115 

455 

393 

183 

1.280 

135 

2.277 

482 

8 

287 

2,510 

1,143 

1.047 

2,645 

188 

101 

1.862 

587 

128 

128 

225 

834 

655 

687 

1.949 

237 

3.523 

1,242 

171 

883 

4,554 

2,127 

1,746 

4,225 

220 

108 

620 

129 

36 

140 

870 

658 

854 

1,814 

156 

2,657 

1,786 

244 

971 

4,984 

1,954 

2,131 

3.942 

359 

100 

2,560 

1.114 

196 

130 

213 

1,281 

800 

945 

2,788 

346 

3,446 

3,343 

744 

1,953 

7.301 

2,961 

2,962 

5,939 

421 

212 

4,185 

1.619 

140 

168 

207 

1,263 

698 

948 

3,370 

215 

2,845 

4,132 

604 

1,870 

6.309 

3,035 

2,908 

6.131 

286 

213 

4,348 

71 

17 

17 

54 

200 

96 

26 

709 

38 

481 

363 

24 

35 

458 

190 

367 

467 

18 

o 

1.362 

Total....................................................... 2,823 7,245 12,360 15,619 27,236 26,965 41,280 41,309 4,994 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 

TABLE E-23.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: Job title, by sex 

Job title grouping 1 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator ......................... . 

Beltman-belt repairman ................................................. . 

Blaster ........................................................................... . 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator ............................ . 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator ................ .. 

Driller-rock bolter .......................................................... . 

Electrician-Iampman .................................................... .. 

Front-end loader-forklift operator .................................... . 

Grader-scraper operator ................................................. . 

Laborer-miner-utility man .............................................. .. 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General ..................................................................... . 

Maintenance .............................................................. . 

Working .................................................................... .. 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist .................................... . 

Mine technical support .................................................. . 

Office worker ................................................................. . 

Plant operator-warehouseman ........................................ . 

Shuttle car-tram operator .............................................. .. 

Stone cutter-finisher ..................................................... .. 

Truck driver ................................................................... . 

Total ........................................................................ . 

Male 

Workers 

4,879 

783 

580 

1,088 

5,233 

3,635 

3,n4 

13,725 

1.318 

19.215 

11,416 

1,821 

6.080 

28,313 

10.880 

5,362 

26.299 

1,534 

873 

3 

o 

o 

1 

3 

2 

2 

8 

11 

7 

4 

17 

7 

3 

16 

12 

100 

defined by MSHA; see apperdix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 

Female 

Workers 

47 

17 

26 

15 

8 

14 

o 

108 

o 

637 

198 

o 

19 

139 

2,118 

6,999 

873 

68 

6 

231 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

1 

o 

6 

2 

o 

o 

1 

18 

61 

8 

1 

o 

2 

100 

Unspecified 

Workers 

11 

o 

o 

o 

46 

51 

6 

109 

6 

166 

105 

o 

43 

91 

41 

79 

141 

5 

o 

162 

1 

o 

o 

o 

4 

5 

10 

1 

16 

10 

o 

4 

9 

4 

7 

13 

o 

o 

15 

100 

Total 

4.937 

800 

605 

1,103 

5,288 

3,700 

3.780 

13.942 

1,323 

20,019 

11,719 

1.821 

6,143 

28,543 

13.038 

12,440 

27,312 

1,607 

879 

179.831 

Mean, yr 

43 

39 

41 

38 

41 

39 

42 

40 

38 

36 

45 

45 

44 

40 

40 

41 

39 

39 

40 

39 

40 

Total 

Workers 

4,937 

800 

605 

1,103 

5,288 

3,700 

3,780 

13,942 

1,323 

20,019 

11,719 

1,821 

6,143 

28,543 

13.038 

12,440 

27.312 

1,607 

879 

3 

o 

o 

1 

3 

2 

2 

8 

11 

7 

1 

3 

16 

7 

7 

15 

1 

o 

12 

100 
2~J 

TABLE E-24.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by race 

White 

Job title grouping 1 

Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator ....... . 4,170 3 

Beltman-belt repairman ................................ . 557 0 

Blaster ......................................................... . 465 0 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator .......... . 961 1 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. 4,278 3 

Driller-rock bolter ......................................... .. 3,015 2 

Electrician-Iampman ..................................... . 3,302 2 

Front-end loader-forklift operator ................... . 11,612 8 

Grader-scraper operator ............................... . 1,086 1 

Laborer-miner-utility man .............................. . 14,382 10 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General .................................................... . 10,722 7 

Maintenance ............................................. . 1,680 

Working .................................................... . 5,311 4 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist ................... . 23,873 16 

Mine technical support ................................. . 11,425 8 

Office worker ................................................ . 11.423 8 

Plant operator-warehouseman ...................... . 20,914 14 

Shuttle car-tram operator .............................. . 1,307 1 

Stone cutter-finisher ..................................... . 648 0 

Truck driver .................................................. . 17.231 12 

Total ...................................................... . 148,363 100 

Black 

Workers pet 

354 3 

165 1 

12 0 

132 1 

397 3 

252 2 

109 1 

985 8 

53 0 

2,324 18 

383 

38 

314 

1.512 

566 

259 

3.242 

121 

186 

1,268 

12,672 

3 

o 

2 

12 

4 

2 

26 

1 

10 

100 

Hispanic 

Workers pet 

321 2 

60 0 

75 1 

11 0 

358 3 

278 2 

355 3 

1.012 7 

154 

2,687 19 

315 

68 

428 

2,555 

786 

405 

2,538 

131 

33 

1,542 

14.113 

2 

o 

3 

18 

6 

3 

18 

1 

o 

11 

100 

Other 

Workers pet 

61 2 

11 0 

53 2 

o 0 

178 6 

93 3 

10 0 

206 7 

16 

396 14 

128 

25 

41 

421 

165 

178 

402 

32 

6 

382 

2,803 

5 

1 

15 

6 

6 

14 

1 

o 

14 

100 

Unspecified Total 

Workers pet Workers pet 

32 2 4,937 3 

7 0 800 0 

o 0 605 0 

o 0 1,103 1 

77 4 5.288 3 

62 3 3,700 2 

4 0 3.780 2 

126 7 13.942 8 

14 1.323 

229 12 20.019 11 

171 

10 

49 

183 

96 

176 

216 

16 

9 11.719 7 

6 

407 

1,879 

1 1,821 1 

3 6,143 3 

10 28,543 16 

5 13.038 7 

9 12,440 7 

11 27.312 15 

1 1,607 1 

o 879 0 

22 20,830 12 

100 179,831 100 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE.-Owlng to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 

TABLE E-2S.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: job title, by education 

Job title grouping 1 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator ....... . 

Beltman-belt repairman ................................ . 

Blaster ......................................................... . 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator ......... .. 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. 

Driller-rock bolter .......................................... . 

Electrician-lampman ..................................... . 

Front-end loader-forklift operator .................. .. 

Grader-scraper operator ............................... . 

Laborer-miner-utility man .............................. . 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General ................................................... .. 

Maintenance ............................................. . 

Working .................................................... . 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist ................... . 

Mine technical support ................................. . 

Office worker ............................................... .. 

Plant operator-warehouseman ..................... .. 

Shuttle car-tram operator ............................. .. 

Stone cutter-finisher ..................................... . 

Truck driver .................................................. . 

Some Some high High school Vocational Some College Unspecified Total 

elementary school diploma diploma college degree 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

562 11 1,293 26 2,290 46 312 6 238 5 15 0 227 5 4,937 3 

51 6 275 34 345 43 22 3 52 6 0 0 55 7 800 0 

86 14 107 18 278 46 66 11 68 11 0 0 0 0 605 0 

72 6 226 20 662 60 74 7 23 2 22 2 25 2 1,103 1 

486 9 964 18 2,799 53 274 5 356 7 48 361 7 5,288 3 

412 11 900 24 1,622 44 251 7 267 7 46 201 5 3,700 2 

67 2 233 6 1,263 33 1,189 31 651 17 154 4 223 6 3,780 2 

1,397 10 2,899 21 6,869 49 768 6 532 4 143 1 1,334 10 13,942 8 

122 9 270 20 649 49 51 4 32 2 0 0 200 15 1.323 

2,168 11 3,704 19 9,403 47 1,088 5 1.452 7 312 2 1.892 9 20.019 11 

474 4 

78 4 

258 4 

1,806 6 

452 3 

32 0 

2.310 8 

192 12 

135 15 

1.884 9 

1,120 10 4,807 41 

153 8 726 40 

749 12 2.754 45 

4.272 15 13,223 46 

1,068 8 4,624 35 

260 2 4,517 36 

4,545 17 13,819 51 

255 16 813 51 

315 36 374 43 

4.555 22 10,228 49 

655 6 

192 11 

412 7 

3,773 13 

594 5 

801 6 

1.647 6 

126 8 

6 1 

997 5 

1,844 16 

313 17 

834 14 

2,810 10 

2.353 18 

3,307 27 

2,361 9 

161 10 

19 2 

888 4 

2,001 17 

217 12 

760 12 

419 1 

3.302 25 

2,977 24 

494 2 

25 2 

6 

138 

817 7 11.719 7 

143 8 1.821 1 

376 6 6,143 3 

2.239 8 28,543 16 

645 5 13,038 7 

546 4 12.440 7 

2.135 8 27.312 15 

35 2 1.607 1 

24 3 879 0 

2,140 10 20,830 12 

----------------------------------------------------------------------- Total....................................................... 13.044 7 28.164 16 82,065 46 13,298 7 18,561 10 11,081 6 13.618 8 179,831 100 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title grouping. 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
30 

TABLE E-26.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 wortdorce estimates: 1 

principal equipment operated, by years of experience at job 

Equipment operated grouping2 

Backhoe-c:rane-dragline-shovel .................... .. 

Belt ............................................................. . 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment... .......... .. 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter ...................... . 

Drill (surface) ............................................... .. 

Explosives .................................................... . 

Front-end loader-forklift ................................ . 

Grader-scraper ............................................. . 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) .......... . 

Hoist-elevator ............................................... . 

Many equipment ......................................... .. 

Miscellaneous utility equipment.. ................. .. 

Plant equipment ........................................... . 

Pump .......................................................... .. 

Scale-lab equipment-controls ........................ . 

Shuttle car-locomotive ................................. .. 

Stone cutting-finishing machine ................... .. 

Truck (haulage) ........................................... .. 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier.. .................... . 

Welding machine-lathe ................................. . 

None .......................................................... .. 

Not elsewhere classified ............................... . 

Unspecified .................................................. . 

Total .................................................... .. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

0< 

to s1 

713 

367 

893 

307 

485 

97 

2,937 

294 

3,899 

30 

391 

3,867 

4.920 

171 

1,522 

432 

180 

4,297 

441 

831 

3,599 

158 

376 

31,206 

1< 

to s2 

521 

79 

558 

252 

280 

129 

2,097 

151 

2.797 

14 

258 

1,609 

3,053 

99 

947 

280 

51 

2,854 

231 

587 

2.498 

32 

145 

19.523 

2< 

to s3 

454 

67 

380 

94 

203 

67 

1,694 

134 

2,090 

36 

316 

929 

1.988 

43 

804 

118 

44 

1.943 

349 

384 

1.937 

96 

136 

14,305 

2See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding. data may not add to totals shown. 

3< 

to s5 

518 

54 

539 

339 

253 

67 

2,262 

215 

2,988 

118 

224 

1,088 

3,182 

116 

807 

207 

116 

2,379 

321 

439 

2.915 

120 

119 

19.383 

5< 

to s10 

1,142 

165 

1,032 

324 

654 

131 

3,325 

367 

7,348 

134 

471 

1,812 

4,612 

176 

1,602 

512 

139 

3,721 

847 

1,498 

6,103 

146 

228 

36,488 

10< 

to s20 

960 

120 

738 

213 

416 

74 

2,649 

266 

5,546 

97 

475 

1,022 

3,148 

85 

1,041 

162 

104 

2,870 

448 

1,276 

4.399 

76 

147 

26,332 

20< 

508 

43 

319 

13 

118 

10 

1,031 

32 

1,470 

24 

120 

326 

913 

41 

357 

56 

52 

1,057 

164 

535 

1,718 

11 

25 

8,943 

TABLE E-27.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 wortdorce estimates: 1 

principal equipment operated, by hours of training received In last 2 yr 

Equipment operated group1ng2 

Backhoe-c:rane-dragline-shovel .................... .. 

Belt ............................................................. . 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment... .......... .. 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter ...................... . 

Drill (surface) ................................................ . 

Explosives ................................................... .. 

Front-end loader-forklift ............................... .. 

Grader-scraper ............................................. . 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) ......... .. 

Hoist-elevator ............................................... . 

Many equipment .......................................... . 

Miscellaneous utility equipment ................... .. 

Plant equipment .......................................... .. 

Pump ........................................................... . 

Scale-lab equipment-controls ........................ . 

Shuttle car-locomotive ................................. .. 

Stone cutting-finishing machine ................... .. 

Truck (haulage) ............................................ . 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier ..................... .. 

Welding machine-lathe ................................ .. 

None ............................................................ . 

Not elsewhere classified .............................. .. 

Unspecified .................................................. . 

o 

506 

88 

410 

274 

178 

62 

1.982 

157 

1.800 

110 

135 

835 

1.764 

79 

662 

82 

132 

2.516 

262 

534 

2,433 

74 

78 

1-8 

282 

84 

255 

28 

121 

19 

1.393 

110 

1.557 

o 

193 

804 

1.616 

30 

521 

61 

144 

1.724 

303 

315 

1,329 

13 

79 

9-15 

162 

54 

135 

o 

74 

13 

558 

34 

869 

6 

52 

550 

819 

51 

353 

7 

30 

746 

60 

300 

676 

49 

47 

16 

885 

1n 

887 

377 

539 

146 

2.674 

403 

5,266 

199 

742 

1.647 

3.514 

187 

951 

488 

13 

3.312 

603 

1.048 

3,718 

135 

139 

17-40 

720 

114 

889 

241 

299 

93 

2.816 

160 

6.248 

68 

261 

2.003 

5.138 

218 

1.637 

341 

59 

3.209 

474 

1.209 

4.393 

159 

216 

41-80 

394 

76 

398 

120 

424 

80 

1.438 

163 

2.036 

13 

171 

959 

2.430 

59 

622 

375 

46 

1.616 

339 

498 

2.129 

90 

161 

81-160 

229 

17 

106 

49 

106 

29 

6n 

3 

1.047 

33 

109 

454 

1.039 

20 

293 

72 

25 

695 

111 

233 

1.236 

21 

54 

161 + 

221 

30 

181 

98 

81 

19 

622 

15 

1.570 

11 

71 

355 

988 

o 

192 

32 

44 

486 

253 

187 

667 

10 

57 

Total..................................................... 15.152 10.979 5.644 2e,048 30,965 14,639 6.658 6.188 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding. data may not add to totals shown 

Unspecified 

272 

40 

385 

45 

183 

13 

1,101 

71 

1,468 

8 

161 

789 

1,674 

27 

499 

5 

195 

2,366 

84 

237 

1,418 

51 

117 

11.210 

Unspecified 

1.687 

296 

1,583 

399 

769 

128 

4.937 

484 

7.217 

20 

684 

3.836 

6.181 

114 

2.347 

316 

389 

7.184 

481 

1.462 

8.006 

137 

461 

49.118 

Total 

5,088 

936 

4,843 

1,586 

2,591 

588 

17,096 

1,529 

27,609 

460 

2,417 

11,442 

23,489 

758 

7,579 

1.772 

883 

21.488 

2.885 

5.787 

24.584 

689 

167.391 

Total 

5.088 

936 

4.843 

1.586 

2,591 

588 

17,096 

1.529 

27.609 

460 

2.417 

11,442 

23.489 

758 

7.579 

1,n2 

883 

21,488 

2.885 

5.787 

24.584 

689 

167,391 

Median, 

yr 

6 

3 

5 

4 

5 

3 

5 

5 

6 

7 

5 

2 

4 

4 

4 

4 

5 

4 

6 

7 

6 

4 

3 

5 

Mean. h 

47 

36 

46 

60 

46 

50 

43 

27 

55 

29 

40 

40 

46 

22 

39 

40 

53 

34 

49 

41 

42 

30 

53 

44 
31 

TABLE E-28.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 principal equipment operated, by years of age 

Equipment operated grouping2 15-20 21-23 24-26 27-29 30-34 35-39 40-49 50+ Unspecified Total Mean, yr 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel ..................... . 48 121 

Belt .............................................................. . 17 17 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment... .......... .. 10 129 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter .................... .. 46 13 

Drill (surface) ............................................... .. 37 119 

Explosives .................................................... . 12 42 

Front-end loader-forklift ............................... .. 352 771 

Grader-scraper ............................................. . 40 60 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) ......... .. 200 672 

Hoist-elevator ............................................... . o 0 

Many equipment .......................................... . 29 84 

Miscellaneous utility equipment .................... . 662 937 

Plant equipment .......................................... .. 348 1,239 

Pump ........................................................... . 5 30 

Scale-lab equipment-controls ........................ . 105 472 

Shuttle car-locomotive ................................. .. o 20 

Stone cutting-finishing machine ................... .. 32 77 

Truck (haulage) ............................................ . 405 1,252 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier ..................... .. 6 92 

Welding machine-lathe ................................. . 73 112 

None ............................................................ . 147 482 

Not elsewhere classified ............................... . 25 28 

Unspecified .................................................. . 15 61 

352 

35 

288 

75 

157 

32 

1.336 

111 

1,392 

17 

242 

1,378 

2.028 

77 

533 

98 

68 

1.951 

106 

342 

888 

83 

116 

384 

120 

488 

128 

272 

32 

1.635 

153 

2,453 

40 

184 

1.356 

2.397 

106 

673 

210 

95 

1,890 

223 

375 

1,194 

36 

127 

599 

135 

717 

422 

382 

121 

2.581 

275 

4,643 

55 

430 

1,980 

3,786 

113 

1.077 

215 

114 

3,091 

411 

776 

3.222 

91 

254 

627 

162 

786 

364 

319 

41 

2,232 

170 

5.148 

49 

429 

1,453 

3,411 

92 

1,190 

332 

93 

2,681 

307 

862 

3,898 

90 

98 

1,162 

241 

1,213 

350 

580 

117 

3,384 

403 

6,765 

152 

468 

1,851 

4,802 

163 

1,896 

484 

212 

4,329 

856 

1.660 

6.834 

175 

220 

1,708 

182 

1,130 

188 

623 

161 

3,984 

279 

5,944 

147 

445 

1,516 

4,946 

171 

1,519 

408 

192 

4,514 

853 

1,472 

7,504 

147 

370 

Total....................................................... 2.612 6.831 11.705 14,572 25.490 24.833 38,318 38.402 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 

87 

27 

82 

o 

102 

29 

821 

38 

392 

o 

106 

310 

533 

o 

113 

5 

o 

1,376 

31 

114 

417 

13 

31 

4,627 

5,088 

936 

4,843 

1,586 

2.591 

588 

17,096 

1.529 

27,609 

460 

2,417 

11.442 

23,489 

758 

7,579 

1.772 

883 

21,488 

2,885 

5.787 

24,584 

689 

167.391 

TABLE E-29.-Metaland nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estlmates: 1 principal equipment operated, by sex 

Male 

Equipment operated grouping2 

Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel .................... .. 5,040 3 

Belt ............................................................. .. 919 1 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment. ............ .. 4,820 3 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter ..................... .. 1,566 1 

Drill (surface) ................................................ . 2,528 2 

Explosives .......................................... '" ....... . 562 0 

Front-end loader-forklift ............................... .. 16,728 10 

Grader-scraper ............................................. . 1.522 1 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) .......... . 27,392 17 

Hoist-elevator ............................................... . 408 0 

Many equipment .......................................... . 2,382 1 

Miscellaneous utility equipment. .................. .. 10.830 7 

Plant equipment ........................................... . 22,821 14 

Pump ........................................................... . 752 0 

Scale-lab equipment-controls ....................... .. 6.155 4 

Shuttle car-locomotive .................................. . 1,747 1 

Stone cutting-finishing machine .................... . 8n 1 

Truck (haulage) ........................................... .. 21.075 13 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier ...................... . 2.794 2 

Welding machine-lathe ................................. . 5,757 4 

None ............................................................ . 23.326 14 

Not elsewhere classified ............................... . 658 0 

Unspecified ................................................. .. 

Total ...................................................... . 161.883 100 

1 E)(cllJldirlg job title category of office workers. 

2See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 

Female 

Workers pet 

36 1 

17 0 

o 0 

14 0 

o 0 

26 1 

223 5 

o 0 

126 3 

46 

30 

513 11 

505 11 

6 0 

1.420 31 

20 0 

6 0 

243 5 

85 2 

23 1 

1.097 24 

31 

55 

4,523 100 

Unspecified 

Workers pet 

11 1 

o 0 

23 2 

7 1 

63 6 

o 0 

145 15 

7 1 

91 9 

6 

5 

99 10 

163 17 

o 0 

3 0 

5 1 

o 0 

169 17 

6 

7 

161 16 

o 0 

12 

984 100 

Total 

Workers 

5.088 

936 

4,843 

1,586 

2,591 

588 

17,096 

1,529 

27.609 

460 

2.417 

11.442 

23.489 

758 

7.579 

1,n2 

883 

21,488 

2.885 

5,787 

24,584 

689 

167,391 

43 

40 

41 

37 

40 

41 

39 

39 

40 

44 

38 

35 

39 

39 

39 

40 

39 

39 

43 

41 

43 

39 

40 

40 

pet 

3 

1 

3 

1 

2 

o 

10 

1 

16 

o 

1 

7 

14 

o 

5 

1 

13 

2 

3 

15 

o 

100 
32 

TABLE E-30.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 wortdon::e estlmatea: 1 principal equipment operated, ." race 

White Black Hispanic Other Unspecified Total 

Equipment operated groupingl! 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel ...................... 4,400 3 307 2 281 2 67 3 32 2 5.068 3 

8811 ............................................................... 675 0 168 1 78 1 7 0 7 0 936 1 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment... ............ 3.860 3 369 3 378 3 1n 7 60 3 4,843 3 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter ....................... 1,240 108 1 171 53 2 13 1 1.586 1 

Drill (surface) ................................................. 2.103 2 249 2 150 40 2 49 3 2.591 2 

Explosives ..................................................... 450 0 12 0 81 45 2 0 0 588 0 

Fron1-end loader-forklift ................................. 14.150 10 1.326 11 1.256 9 197 7 166 10 17.096 10 

Grader-scraper .............................................. 1.256 86 1 155 1 16 1 14 1.529 1 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) ........... 22,955 17 1.608 13 2.535 18 323 12 188 1.1 27.609 16 

Hoist-elevator ................................................ 286 0 113 1 61 0 0 0 0 0 480 0 

Many equipment ........................................... 2.002 1 76 1 286 2 41 2 12 2.417 

Miscellaneous utility equipment ..................... 7.816 6 1,526 12 1.713 12 248 9 140 8 11.442 7 

Plant equipment ............................................ 18.334 13 2.560 21 1.984 14 388 15 223 13 23.489 14 

Pump ............................................................ 586 0 93 1 75 0 0 4 0 756 0 

Scale-lab equipment-controls ......................... 6.5n 5 304 2 543 4 101 4 53 3 7.579 5 

Shuttle car-locomotive ................................... 1,403 109 195 1 51 2 16 I,m 

Stone cutting-finishing machine ..................... 686 146 33 0 6 0 12 883 1 

Truck (haulage) ............................................. 17,745 13 1,293 10 1.660 12 382 15 407 24 21,488 13 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier ....................... 2.299 2 166 1 335 2 72 3 13 2.885 2 

Welding machine-lathe .................................. 4,978 4 204 2 488 3 128 5 9 5.787 3 

None ............................................................. 21,n4 16 1,256 10 1.042 8 241 9 271 16 24,584 15 

Not elsewhere classified ................................ 516 0 111 1 53 0 9 0 0 0 689 0 

Unspecified ................................................... 844 226 2 173 34 15 

Total ....................................................... 136,940 100 12.413 100 13.708 100 2,626 100 1.703 100 167.391 100 

lExcluding job title category of office workers. 

2See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NorE.-Owing to independent rounding. data may not add to totals shown. 
TABLE E-31.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates:' principal equipment operated, by education 

Equipment operated grouping2 

Some 

elementary 

Some high High school 

school diploma 

Vocational 

diploma 

Some 

college 

College 

degree Unspecified Total 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pct Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel............... 593 12 1,301 26 2,429 48 239 5 285 6 15 0 226 4 

Belt.......... ..................................................... 65 7 280 30 431 46 38 4 48 5 0 0 73 8 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment... ............ 407 8 807 17 2,659 55 252 5 341 7 41 1 336 7 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter....................... 176 11 348 22 772 49 113 7 126 8 4.4. 3 7 0 

Drill (surface)................................................. 296 11 670 26 1.097 42 148 6 165 6 3 0 213 8 

Explosives..................................................... 80 14 118 20 256 44 66 11 68 12 0 0 0 0 

Front-end loader-forklift ........ ...... ................... 1,609 9 3,363 20 8.572 50 973 6 840 5 198 1 1.541 9 

Grader-scraper .............................................. 148 10 315 21 776 51 51 3 38 2 0 0 200 13 

Handtools(poweredandnonpowered) ........... 1.484 5 3,866 14 12,417 45 4.221 15 2.982 11 483 2 2.156 8 

Hoist-elevator ................................................ 85 18 124 27 160 35 47 10 23 5 8 2 14 3 

Many equipment ........................................... 82 3 337 14 1,034 43 159 7 160 7 128 5 516 21 

Miscellaneous utility equipment..................... 1,486 13 2,125 19 5,344 47 570 5 826 7 166 924 8 

Plant equipment.. .......................................... 2,031 9 4.206 18 11,859 50 1.366 6 1.776 8 425 2 1,827 8 

Pump............................................................ 45 6 182 24 350 46 42 6 56 7 19 2 63 8 

Scale-Iabequipment~ntrols......................... 147 2 703 9 3,382 45 471 6 1,430 19 945 12 501 7 

Shuttle car-locomotive .......... ........... ......... ..... 168 9 272 15 962 54 125 7 179 10 25 42 2 

Stone cutting-finishing machine..................... 135 15 288 33 393 44 6 1 25 3 6 30 3 

Truck (haulage) ............................................. 1,946 9 4,715 22 10.543 49 1.022 5 959 4 144 1 2.159 10 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier ..... .......... ... ..... 178 6 368 13 1.482 51 169 6 360 12 240 8 88 3 

Welding machine-lathe.................................. 429 7 786 14 2.615 45 806 14 629 11 141 2 382 7 

None............................................................. 1,178 5 2,380 10 9.076 37 1.494 6 3.801 15 5.036 20 1.619 7 

Not elsewhere classified................................ 79 11 144 21 270 39 66 10 82 12 6 1 42 6 

5.088 3 

936 1 

4.843 3 

1.586 1 

2.591 2 

588 0 

17,096 10 

1.529 1 

27.609 16 

460 0 

2.417 

11.442 7 

23.489 14 

758 0 

7.579 5 

1.772 

883 1 

21.488 13 

2.885 2 

5.787 3 

24.584 15 

689 0 

Unspecified ................................................... __ 164 __ 1_3 __ 2_06 __ 1_6 __ 6_68 __ 5_2 ___ 5_2 __ 4___ 54 __ 4__ 33 ___ 3 __ 1_1_5 __ 9_~ __ _ 

Total... ......................... ... ...... .................. 13.012 8 27,904 17 77.548 46 12.498 7 15,254 9 8.103 5 13.072 8 167.391 100 

, Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2See appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding. data may not add to totals shown. 
34 

TABLE E-32.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates job, company, and mining expertence, by work location 

Experience, yr 

Underground mine 

Workers pet 

Surface at 

underground mine Surface mine Plant or mill Office Total 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

At praeent job: 

0< to s1.................................................. 1,893 19 471 11 16.152 19 11,608 18 3,051 17 33.176 18 

1 <: to s2.................................................. 1.171 12 583 14 9,815 12 7,26S 11 2,194 12 21,032 12 

2< to s3.................................................. 939 10 369 9 7,561 9 4,96€ 8 1.723 10 15,558 9 

3< to s5.................................................. 1,515 16 640 15 8,968 11 7.554 12 2,110 12 20.787 12 

5 < to s 10................................................ 2.629 27 1,085 26 17,221 20 14,306 23 3,957 22 39.198 22 

10< to s20.............................................. 1,353 14 863 21 13.088 15 10,226 16 2,703 15 28,233 16 

20< .......................................................... 68 1 123 3 5.109 6 3,305 5 1.164 6 9.769 5 

Unspecified ............................................... 149 2 63 2 6.658 8 4.099 6 1,109 6 12.079 7 

TotaL...................................................... 9.717 100 4.197 100 84.572 100 63,332 100 18.012 100 179.831 100 

Median ........................................... yr.... 5 NAp 6 NAp 5 NAp 5 NAp 5 NAp 5 NAp 

===================================================== 

At praeent company: 

0< to s 1.................................................. 1.459 15 584 

1 < to s5.................................................. 2.038 21 804 

5< to s 10 ................................................ 3.090 32 976 

10< to s 15 .............................................. 1,454 15 694 

15< 10 s20.............................................. 912 9 390 

20< to s25.............................................. 454 5 259 

25< to :530 .............................................. 122 1 133 

30< .......................................................... 161 2 312 

Unspecified . ...... .............. .......................... 27 0 44 

14 12,249 

19 22,644 

23 17,026 

17 12,044 

9 7,581 

6 3.917 

3 2,792 

7 3,797 

2,524 

14 6,168 

27 12,725 

20 14,918 

14 9.999 

9 7,n3 

5 4,159 

3 2,929 

4 3,466 

3 1,197 

10 2,402 13 22.861 13 

20 4,685 26 42.897 24 

24 4.394 24 40.403 22 

16 2,606 14 26.797 15 

12 1.345 7 18.001 10 

7 799 4 9.587 5 

5 566 3 6,541 4 

5 n8 4 8.514 5 

2 437 2 4.229 2 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- TotaL...................................................... 9,717 100 4.197 100 84,572 100 63.332 100 18.012 100 179,831 100 

Median ............................................ yr.... 8 NAp 9 NAp 7 NAp 10 NAp 7 NAp 8 NAp 

============================================================ 

Total mining: 

0< to :5 1 ................................................. . 

1< to :55 ................................................ .. 

5< to :5 10 ............................................... . 

10< to :s 15 ............................................. . 

15< to :5:20 ............................................. . 

20< to :525 ............................................ .. 

25< to :530 ............................................ .. 

30< ........................................................ .. 

Unspecified .............................................. . 

Total .................................................... .. 

Median 

NAp Not applicable. 

321 

1.278 

2,805 

1.940 

1,340 

664 

216 

275 

878 

9.717 

3 

13 

29 

20 

14 

7 

2 

3 

9 

100 

110 

529 

612 

670 

587 

362 

244 

450 

632 

4.197 

15 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding. data may not add to totals shown. 

3 7.918 

13 16.222 

15 15.899 

16 12.269 

14 7.992 

9 4.272 

6 3.080 

11 4.210 

15 12.709 

100 

9 4,055 6 1.610 9 14,014 8 

19 8.967 14 3,508 19 30,504 17 

19 14,065 22 3,672 20 37,053 21 

15 9.946 16 2.308 13 27,134 15 

9 7,748 12 1.355 8 19,022 11 

5 4,244 7 906 5 10.448 6 

4 2,879 5 561 3 6.981 4 

5 3,427 5 880 5 9.242 5 

15 8.00; 13 3.213 18 25,433 14 

100 63.332 100 100 179,831 100 
35 

TABLE E-33.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates training received, by work location 

Underground mine Surface at Surface mine Plant or mill Office Total Job training for underground mine 

last 2 hr. h 

Workers Workers 

0 .................................................................. 625 6 200 5 8.937 11 4,581 7 3,197 18 17,541 10 

1-8 .................................................... , ......... 369 4 411 10 5,703 7 4,040 6 1,257 7 11,780 7 

9-15 ............................................................ 27 0 198 5 2.312 3 2,946 5 463 3 5,945 3 

16 ............................................................... 3.208 33 1.026 24 13.623 16 9,573 15 1,576 9 29,006 16 

17-40 ............................................... ............ 1,569 16 466 11 12,695 15 15,406 24 2,006 11 32,142 18 

41-80 .............................................. " ........... 1,272 13 515 12 7.571 9 4.881 8 1.269 7 15.508 9 

81-160 ............................................ , ............ 365 4 307 7 3,359 4 2.409 4 599 3 7.040 4 

161 + ............................................................ 371 4 159 4 2,923 3 2,667 4 429 2 6.549 4 

Unspecified ................................... , ............... 1.912 20 914 22 27.450 32 16.830 27 7.215 40 54,321 30 

Total ....................................................... 9,717 100 4.197 100 84.572 100 63.332 100 18.012 100 179,831 100 

Mean training ................................... h .... 43 '\lAp 47 NAp 43 NAp 46 NAp 39 NAp 44 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding. data may not add to totals shown. 

TABLE E-34.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates age distribution, by work location 

Underground mine Surface at Surface mine Plant or mill Office Total 

Age. yr underground mine 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

15-20 ............................................................ 100 1 19 0 1,472 2 930 1 301 2 2.823 2 

21-23 ............................................................ 174 2 41 1 4.164 5 2.184 3 681 4 7.245 4 

24-26 ............................................................ 606 6 219 5 6.613 8 3.915 6 1.008 6 12,360 7 

27-29 ............................................................ 1.121 12 378 9 7,236 9 5.439 9 1.446 8 15.619 9 

30-34 .......... , ................................................. 1.935 20 558 13 12.493 15 9.739 15 2.511 14 27,236 15 

35-39 ........................................................... 1.965 20 495 12 11.529 14 9.962 16 3.013 17 26.965 15 

40-49 ............................................................ 2.205 23 1,160 28 18.047 21 15,730 25 4.138 23 41.280 23 

50+ .............................................................. 1.586 16 1,326 32 19.509 23 14,498 23 4.390 24 41,309 23 

Unspecified ................................................... 27 0 0 0 4 934 524 3 3 

Total ....................................................... 9.717 100 4.197 100 84.572 100 63.332 100 18.012 100 179.831 100 

Mean age ........................................ yr .... 38 NAp 43 NAp 40 NAp 40 NAp 41 NAp 40 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
36 

TABLE E-35.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates sex, race, and education, by work location 

Underground mine Surface at Surface mine Plant or mill Office Total underground mine 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Sex: 

Male .......................................................... 9,493 98 4,029 96 82,850 98 61,463 97 9,410 52 167,245 93 

Female ...................................................... 165 2 118 3 1,196 1,529 2 8,513 47 11,522 6 

Unspecified ............................................... 59 49 526 340 89 0 

Total ....................................................... 9,717 100 4,197 100 84,572 100 63,332 100 18,012 100 179,831 100 

Race: 

White ......................................................... 8,425 87 3,707 88 69,452 82 50,300 79 16,479 91 148,363 83 

Black ......................................................... 246 3 220 5 5,349 6 6,541 10 317 2 12,672 7 

Hispanic .................................................... n3 8 198 5 7,140 8 5,253 8 749 4 14,113 8 

Other ......................................................... 194 2 48 1,521 2 812 229 1 2,803 2 

Unspecified ............................................... 80 24 426 239 

Total ....................................................... 9,717 100 4,197 100 84,572 100 63,332 100 18,012 100 179,831 100 

Education level: 

Some elementary ....................................... 921 9 278 7 7,483 9 4,238 7 125 13,044 7 

Some high school ...................................... 1,530 16 482 11 15,955 19 9,560 15 637 4 28,164 16 

High school diploma .................................. 4,462 46 1,975 47 39,540 47 29,515 47 6,573 36 82,065 46 

Vocational diploma ..................................... 974 10 486 12 5,575 7 5,240 8 1,024 6 13,298 7 

Some college ............................................. 759 8 413 10 6,006 7 6,917 11 4,465 25 18,561 10 

College degree .......................................... 565 6 227 5 2,615 3 3,248 5 4,426 25 11,081 6 

Unspecified ............................................... 507 5 336 8 7,398 9 7 762 4 8 

Total ....................................................... 9,717 100 4,197 100 84,572 100 63,332 100 18,012 100 179,831 100 

NOTE-Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
:n 

TABLE E-36.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 

experience at lob, by hours of training received In last 2 yr 

Experience at 0 1-8 9-15 16 17-40 41-80 81-160 161 + Unspecified Total Mean, h 

present job, yr 

0< to sl: 

VVorkers ..................................................•.. 2,417 3,197 1,114 2,780 7,175 2,936 1,607 1,702 8,280 31,206 54 

pet ............................................................. 8 10 4 9 23 9 5 5 27 100 NAp 

1< to s2: 

VVorkers .................................................•... 1,531 1,010 522 3,251 3,930 2,306 918 1,193 4,862 19,523 56 

pet ..........................................................•.. 8 5 3 17 20 12 5 6 25 100 NAp 

2< to s3: 

VVorkers ..................................................... 1,501 872 442 2,536 2,000 1,357 881 952 3,765 14,305 59 

pet .........................................................•... 10 6 3 18 14 9 6 7 26 100 NAp 

3< to s5: 

VVorkers ..................................................... 2,177 1,211 721 3,477 3,389 1,728 856 639 5,186 19,383 43 

pet ............................................................. 11 6 4 18 17 9 4 3 27 100 NAp 

5< to s10: 

VVorkers ..................................................... 3,541 2,234 1,306 7,882 6,490 3,314 1,309 768 9,644 36,488 33 

pet ............................................................. 10 6 4 22 18 9 4 2 26 100 NAp 

10< to s20: 

VVorkers ..................................................... 2,702 1,413 1,031 5,401 5,182 2,150 910 530 7,013 26,332 34 

pet ............................................................. 10 5 4 21 20 8 3 2 27 100 NAp 

20<: 

VVorkers ..................................................... 916 533 306 2,010 1,990 603 112 187 2,286 8,943 31 

pet ............................................................. 10 6 3 22 22 7 2 26 100 NAp 

Unspecified: 

VVorkers ..................................................... 369 507 202 713 810 246 65 217 8,082 11,210 47 

pet ............................................................. 3 5 2 6 7 2 2 72 100 NAp 

Total: 

VVorkers ..................................................... 15,152 10,979 5,644 28,048 30,965 14,639 6,658 6,188 49,'18 167,391 44 

pet ............................................................. 9 7 3 17 18 9 4 4 29 100 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding. data may not add to totals shown. 
TABLE E-37.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at Job, by years of age 

Experience at 15-20 21-23 24-26 27-29 30-34 35-39 40-49 50 + Unspecified Total 

0< to :s1: 

Workers .................................................... . 

pct ............................................................ . 

1 < to :s2: 

Workers .................................................... . 

pct ........................................................... .. 

2< to :s3: 

Workers .................................................... . 

pct ............................................................ . 

3< to :s5: 

Workers .................................................... . 

pct ............................................................ . 

5< to :s 10: 

Workers ................................................... .. 

pct ............................................................ . 

10< to :s 20: 

Workers .................................................... . 

pct ............................................................ . 

20<: 

Workers .................................................... . 

pct ........................................................... .. 

Unspecified: 

Workers .................................................... . 

pct ........................................................... .. 

Total: 

Workers .................................................... . 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

1,6n 3.304 4.192 

13 

4,052 

13 

5,401 

17 

3,826 

12 

4,831 

15 

2,954 

5 11 9 

458 1,294 2,142 

11 

2,226 

11 

3,900 

20 

2,800 

14 

3,657 

19 

2,598 

2 7 13 

185 

140 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

152 

2.612 

2 

892 1,470 1,695 2,347 2,349 2.989 2,073 

6 10 12 16 16 21 14 

636 1,652 1,981 3,669 3,493 4,034 3,399 

3 9 10 19 18 21 18 

242 

o 

o 

o 

o 

463 

4 

1,585 3,578 6,324 

4 10 17 

6,700 9,417 

18 26 

8,149 

22 

o 

o 

220 2,380 4,238 9.291 9,728 

37 

o 

o 

664 

6 

o 

o 

820 

7 

9 16 35 

o 

o 

1,471 

13 

48 1,808 6,988 

20 78 

1,378 2,292 

12 20 

2.513 

22 

6.831 11,705 14,572 25,490 24,833 38,318 38,402 

4 7 9 15 15 23 23 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 

970 

3 

448 

2 

306 

2 

379 

2 

494 

474 

2 

100 

1,457 

13 

4.627 

3 

TABLE E-38.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estlmates: 1 experience at job, by sex 

31,206 

100 

19,523 

100 

14,305 

100 

19,383 

100 

36,488 

100 

26,332 

100 

8,943 

100 

11,210 

100 

167,391 

100 

Mean, yr 

34 

NAp 

36 

NAp 

37 

NAp 

38 

NAp 

41 

NAp 

46 

NAp 

55 

NAp 

40 

40 

Experience at 

present job, yr 

Male Female Unspecified Total 

0<to:s1 ................................................... .. 

1<to:s2 ................................................... .. 

2<to:s3 ................................................... .. 

3< to :s5 ................................................... .. 

5< to :s10 ................................................. .. 

10< to :s20 ................................................. . 

20< ............................................................ .. 

Unspecified ................................................. .. 

Total ...................................................... . 

Median 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

Workers 

29,726 

18,861 

13,741 

18,854 

35,218 

25,860 

8,809 

161,883 

5 

18 

12 

8 

12 

22 

16 

5 

7 

100 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding. data may not add to totals shown. 

Workers 

1,228 

585 

472 

470 

1,154 

309 

64 

241 

4.523 

3 

27 

13 

10 

10 

26 

7 

1 

5 

100 

Workers 

252 

n 

92 

60 

116 

163 

70 

155 

984 

3 

26 

8 

9 

6 

12 

17 

7 

16 

100 

Workers 

31,206 

19,523 

14,305 

19,383 

36,488 

26.332 

8,943 

167.391 

5 

19 

12 

9 

12 

22 

16 

5 

7 

100 
39 

TABLE E-39.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates:' experience at job, by race 

Experience at White Black Hispanic Other Unspecified Total 

present job. yr Workers pet Wor1<ers pet Wor1<ers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

0< to s1 ................... 25.388 19 2.183 18 2.581 19 527 20 527 31 31,206 19 

1<tos2 ................... 15.525 11 1.319 11 1,976 14 504 19 200 12 19.523 12 

2< to s3 ................... 11,866 9 832 7 1,205 9 299 11 104 6 14,305 9 

3< to s5 ................... 15.859 12 1,450 12 1,722 13 274 10 79 5 19,383 12 

5< to s 10 ................. 29,475 22 2,710 22 3,517 26 559 21 226 13 36,488 22 

10< to s2O ............... 21,885 16 2.280 18 1,727 13 277 11 163 10 26.332 16 

20< ........................... 7,874 6 515 4 386 3 71 3 98 6 8,943 5 

Unspecified ................ 9 596 4 115 4 306 18 7 

TotaL ................... 136.940 100 12,413 100 13,708 100 2,626 100 1.703 100 167.391 100 

Median .......... yr .... 5 NAp 5 NAp 5 NAp 3 NAp 2 NAp 5 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding. data may not add to totals shown. 

TABLE E-40.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates:' experience at job, by education 

Some Some high High school Vocational Some college College Unspecified Total Experience at elementary school diploma diploma degree 

present job, yr 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

0< to s1 ................... 1.639 13 5,060 18 15,296 20 2.599 21 3,155 21 1,674 21 1.785 14 31.206 19 

1 < to s2 ................... 1.060 8 3.273 12 9.298 12 1,339 11 1.862 12 1.140 14 1.551 12 19.523 12 

2< to s3 ................... 883 7 2,405 9 6,956 9 1,008 8 1.557 10 821 10 675 5 14,305 9 

3< to s5 ................... 1,500 12 3,175 11 8.889 11 1,768 14 1.884 12 1,093 13 1.075 8 19.383 12 

5< to s 10 ................. 3.031 23 5,888 21 16.934 22 2.921 23 3,626 24 1.925 24 2.163 17 36.488 22 

10< to s20 ............... 2,752 21 4.841 12.246 16 1.958 16 2.132 14 813 10 1,590 12 26,332 16 

20< ........................... 1,366 10 1,832 3.865 5 401 3 523 3 361 4 595 5 8.943 5 

Unspecified ................ 781 6 5 503 4 514 3 276 3 3,638 28 11.210 7 

Total. .................... 13.012 100 100 77.548 100 100 15.254 100 8.103 100 13.072 100 100 

7 

NAp Not applicable. 

1Excluaing job title category of office workers. 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding. data may not add to totals shown. 
40 

TABLE E-41.-Metal and nonnwtal mining 1988 workforce estlmat .. : 1 

experience at company, by hours of t .. lnlng received In last 2 yr 

Experience at 0 1-8 9-15 16 17-40 41-80 81-160 161 + Unspecified Total Mean. h present company, yr 

0<to:s1: 

\/Vorkers ..................................................... 1.965 2,821 1,145 1,509 4,003 2.006 728 712 6,356 21,245 43 

pet •.•.......................................................... 9 13 5 7 19 9 3 3 30 100 NAp 

1 < to :s5: 

VIforkers ........•............................................ 3.922 2,209 1,066 5,203 6,030 4.186 1,987 2,191 12,922 39,718 60 

pet ............................................................. 10 6 3 13 15 11 5 6 33 100 NAp 

5< to :s10: 

\/Vor1l:ers ..................................................... 3.544 2.199 1.150 7.940 6,439 3,748 1.580 1.300 9,428 37.328 42 

pet ............................................................. 9 6 3 21 17 10 4 3 25 100 NAp 

10< to :s 15: 

\/Vof1(ers ..................................................... 2.240 1,470 744 4,878 4,622 1.986 1,119 T13 7,045 24,878 39 

pet ............................................................. 9 6 3 20 19 8 4 3 28 100 NAp 

15< to :s2O: 

VIforkers ..................................................... 1.449 920 593 3.126 4.492 1.211 591 390 4.352 17.124 34 

pet ............................................................. 8 5 3 18 26 7 3 2 25 100 NAp 

20< to :s25: 

\/Vor1l:ers ..................................................... 494 550 362 1,893 2,022 619 211 208 2.651 9.011 31 

pet ............................................................. 5 6 4 21 22 7 2 2 29 100 NAp 

25< to :s3O: 

\IVor1I:ers ..................................................... 481 233 247 1,568 1.280 322 167 1n 1,674 6,147 35 

pet ............................................................. 8 4 4 26 21 5 3 3 27 100 NAp 

30<: 

\/Vor1l:ers ..................................................... 800 486 216 1.nO 1.640 363 263 262 2.263 8,064 33 

pet ............................................................. 10 6 3 22 20 5 3 3 28 100 NAp 

Unspecified: 

\/Vof1(ers ..................................................... 258 90 122 160 436 199 11 174 2.427 3.876 78 

pet ............................................................. 7 2 3 4 11 5 0 4 63 100 

Total: 

\/Vof1(ers ..................................................... 15,152 10,979 5,644 28.048 30,965 14,639 8,658 6,188 49,118 187,391 44 

pet ............................................................. 9 7 3 17 18 9 4 4 29 100 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
41 

TABLE E-42.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by years of age 

Experience at 15-20 21-23 24-26 27-29 30-34 35-39 40--49 50+ Unspecified Total Mean. yr present company, yr 

0< to :s1: 

\/IIorkers ..................................................... 1,584 2,940 3,171 2,359 2,799 2.191 3.045 2.197 960 21.245 33 

pet ............................................................. 7 14 15 11 13 10 14 10 5 100 NAp 

1 < to :s5: 

\/IIorkers ..................................................... 955 3.485 5,502 5,170 6,774 5,306 6.618 4,466 1.442 39.718 35 

pet ............................................................. 2 9 14 13 17 13 17 11 4 100 NAp 

5< to :s 10: 

\/IIorkers ..................................................... 0 298 2.733 6.083 8,879 6,370 7,230 5,132 603 37.328 37 

pet ............................................................. 0 7 16 24 17 19 14 2 100 NAp 

10< to :s 15: 

\/IIorkers ..................................................... 0 0 0 733 6.162 6.533 6.444 4,705 302 24,878 41 

pet ............................................................. 0 0 0 3 25 26 26 19 100 NAp 

15< to :s20: 

\/IIorkers ................................................ , .... 0 0 0 0 456 3.784 7,818 4.900 166 17.124 46 

pet ............................................................ 0 0 0 0 3 22 46 29 100 NAp 

20< to :s25: 

\/IIorkers ..................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 357 4,764 3,833 56 9,011 49 

pet ............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 4 53 43 100 NAp 

25< to :s3O: 

\/IIorkers ..................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.549 4.516 82 6.147 54 

pet ............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 73 100 NAp 

30<: 

\/IIorkers ............................................... _ .... 0 0 0 0 0 0 195 7,818 51 8,064 58 

pet ............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 97 100 NAp 

Unspecified: 

\/IIorkers ..................................................... 74 108 299 228 421 291 655 835 966 3,876 40 

pet ............................................................. 2 3 8 6 11 8 17 22 25 100 

lOtal: 

\/IIorkers ..................................................... 2,612 6,831 11,705 14,572 25,490 24,833 38.318 38,402 4.627 167,391 40 

2 4 7 9 15 15 23 234 3 100 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTe.-Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
42 

TABLE E-43.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by sex 

Experience at 

present company, yr 

0<to:s1 .................................................... . 

1 < to :55 .................................................... . 

5< to :s 10 .................................................. . 

10< to :s 15 ................................................. . 

15< to :520 ................................................. . 

20< to :s25 ................................................. . 

25< to :530 ................................................. . 

30< ............................................................. . 

Unspecified .................................................. . 

Total ...................................................... . 

NAp Not applicable. 

, Excluding job title category of office workers. 

Male 

Workers pet 

20,203 12 

38,063 24 

35,751 22 

24,122 15 

16,952 10 

8,898 5 

6,102 4 

8,056 5 

2 

161,883 100 

8 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 

Female 

Workers pet 

866 19 

1.399 31 

1,424 31 

643 14 

85 2 

46 1 

21 0 

8 0 

30 

4.523 100 

5 

Unspecified Total 

Workers pet Workers pet 

176 18 21,245 13 

255 26 39,718 24 

153 16 37.328 22 

112 11 24,878 15 

88 9 17.124 10 

66 7 9,011 5 

24 2 6.147 4 

o 0 8.064 5 

110 11 2 

984 100 167,391 100 

6 8 

TABLE E-44.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by race 

Experience at 

present company, yr 

0< to :5 1 .................................................... . 

1<to:s5 .................................................... . 

5< to :5 10 .................................................. . 

10< to :5 15 ................................................ .. 

15< to :520 ................................................ .. 

20< to :525 ................................................. . 

25< to :5 30 ................................................. . 

30< ............................................................ .. 

Unspecified .................................................. . 

Total .................................................... .. 

Median 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category 0" office workers. 

White 

Workers 

17,327 

32,889 

30,172 

20,043 

13.962 

7.560 

5.380 

6,766 

2,842 

13 

24 

22 

15 

10 

6 

4 

5 

2 

100 

1.313 

2,261 

2,709 

2,547 

1,433 

785 

391 

651 

323 

12.413 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 

11 

18 

22 

21 

12 

6 

3 

5 

3 

100 

1,788 

3,472 

3,584 

1,692 

1,425 

490 

256 

589 

413 

13,708 

13 

25 

26 

12 

10 

4 

2 

4 

3 

100 

420 

688 

556 

454 

212 

119 

66 

46 

66 

2,626 

16 

26 

21 

17 

8 

5 

2 

2 

3 

100 

398 

408 

307 

143 

91 

57 

55 

13 

232 

23 21.245 

24 39.718 

18 37,328 

8 24,878 

5 17,124 

3 9,011 

3 6,147 

8,064 

14 

TABLE E-45.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 experience at company, by education 

Experience at 

present company, yr 

Some 

elementary 

Workers 

Some high High school 

school diploma 

Vocational 

diploma 

Some 

college 

College 

degree Unspecified Total 

13 

24 

22 

15 

10 

5 

4 

5 

2 

100 

0<to:s1 .................................... 1,281 10 3.475 1210,117 13 1,835 15 2,074 14 886 11 1,577 12 21,245 13 

1<to:s5 .................................... 2,311 18 6,408 23 19,079 25 3,191 26 3.682 24 2,138 26 2.909 22 39,718 24 

5< to :5 10 .................................. 2,342 18 5.592 20 17.165 22 3,063 25 4,094 27 2,507 31 2,566 20 37.328 22 

10< to 15................................ 1,905 15 3,899 14 11,672 15 1,936 15 2,458 16 1,194 15 1,814 14 24,878 15 

15< to :520................................ 1,678 13 3,285 12 8,072 10 1,260 10 1,178 8 492 6 1.159 9 17,124 10 

20< to :s25................................ 836 6 1,651 6 4,472 6 411 3 681 4 257 3 703 5 9.011 5 

25<to:530................................ 971 7 1,405 5 2,418 3 273 2 366 2 209 3 506 4 6.147 4 

30< ............................................ 1,551 12 1,579 6 3,235 4 350 3 417 3 269 3 663 5 8.064 5 

Unspecified ................................ __ 13_7 _____ 6_1_1 __ 2_____ 2 __ 1_7_8 _____ 30_5 ___ 2 __ 15_1 ___ 2__________ 2 

TotaL.................................... 13,012 100 27,904 100 n,548 100 12,498 100 15.254 100 8,103 100 13,072 100 167,391 100 

Median ............ yr.... 12 NAp 9 NAp 8 NAp 7 NAp 8 NAp 7 NAp 8 NAp 8 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE-Owing to Independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 
TABLE E-46.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age, by education 

Some College 

Age. yr 

Workers 

15-20.......................................... 95 4 535 20 1,335 51 220 8 254 10 15 1 159 6 2.612 100 

21-23.......................................... 257 4 1,071 16 3,656 54 570 8 547 8 145 2 586 9 6,831 100 

24-26.......................................... 350 3 1.679 14 6,645 57 912 8 951 8 418 4 750 6 11,705100 

27-29.......................................... 413 3 1,956 13 7,744 53 1,408 10 1,450 10 750 5 850 6 14,572 100 

30-34.......................................... 929 4 3,283 13 12,784 50 2,153 8 3,084 12 1,689 7 1,568 6 25,490 100 

35-39.......................................... 1,062 4 3.269 13 11,445 46 2,310 9 3,212 13 1,825 7 1,710 7 24,833 100 

40-49.......................................... 3,198 8 7,463 19 17,197 45 2,816 7 3,253 8 1,765 5 2,626 7 38,318 100 

50+ ............................................ 6,587 17 8,086 21 14,922 39 1,944 5 2,313 6 1,328 3 3,222 8 38,402 100 

Unspecified ................................. __ 12_1 __ 3 __ 5_63 __ 1_2 _____ 3_9 __ 1_6_5 __ 4__ 1_9_1 __ 4__ 16_7 ___ 4__ 1_,6_0_1 __ 3_5 ____ 1_00 

Tota!...................................... 13.012 8 27,904 17 77,548 46 12,498 7 15,254 9 8,103 5 13,072 8 167,391 100 

Mean age ....................... yr.... 48 NAp 42 NAp 38 NAp 38 NAp 38 NAp 39 NAp 41 NAp 40 NAp 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOT"E.-Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 

TABLE E-47.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 age, race, and education, by sex 

Age. yr: 

15-20 ....................................................... . 

21-23 ....................................................... . 

24-26 ....................................................... . 

27-29 ....................................................... . 

30-34 ....................................................... . 

35-39 ....................................................... . 

40-49 ....................................................... . 

50+ ........................................................ .. 

Unspecified ............................................. . 

Total ...................................................... . 

Mean age ........................................ yr ... . 

Race: 

White ........................................................ . 

Black ........................................................ . 

Hispanic ................................................... . 

Other ........................................................ . 

Unspecified .............................................. . 

Total ..................................................... .. 

Education level: 

Some elementary ..................................... .. 

Some high school ..................................... . 

High school diploma ................................. . 

Vocational diploma .................................... . 

Some college ............................................ . 

College degree ......................................... . 

Unspecified .............................................. . 

NAp Not applicable. 

1Excluding job title category of office workers. 

Male 

Workers 

2,515 

6,505 

11.195 

13,859 

24.693 

23.948 

37,124 

37.623 

161.883 

40 

132,846 

11,885 

13,413 

2,520 

12.823 

27.264 

74.997 

12.031 

14.513 

7,657 

2 

4 

7 

9 

15 

15 

23 

23 

3 

100 

82 

7 

8 

2 

100 

8 

17 

46 

7 

9 

5 

8 

100 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding. data may not add to totals ShOwn 

Female 

Workers 

91 

203 

450 

613 

721 

765 

1.005 

616 

59 

4.523 

37 

3.753 

419 

261 

76 

15 

152 

520 

2,197 

338 

696 

387 

234 

4,523 

2 

4 

10 

14 

16 

17 

22 

14 

100 

83 

9 

6 

2 

o 

100 

3 

11 

49 

7 

15 

9 

5 

100 

Unspecified 

Workers 

6 

123 

60 

100 

76 

121 

189 

163 

146 

984 

38 

341 

110 

34 

30 

470 

984 

36 

120 

354 

129 

45 

60 

240 

984 

1 

12 

6 

10 

8 

12 

19 

17 

15 

100 

35 

11 

3 

3 

48 

100 

4 

12 

36 

13 

5 

6 

24 

100 

Total 

Workers 

2.612 

6.831 

11.705 

14.572 

25,490 

24,833 

38,318 

38,402 

4.627 

167,391 

40 

136,940 

12,413 

13,708 

2,626 

1,703 

167,391 

13,012 

27,904 

77,548 

12,498 

15,254 

8,103 

13,072 

167.391 

2 

4 

7 

9 

15 

15 

23 

23 

3 

100 

82 

7 

8 

2 

100 

8 

17 

46 

7 

9 

5 

8 

100 
TABLE E-48.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates:1 age and education, by race 

White Black Hispanic Other 

Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet Workers pet 

Age. yr: 

15-20 ....................................................... . 

21-23 ....................................................... . 

24-26 ....................................................... . 

27-29 ....................................................... . 

30-34 ....................................................... . 

35-39 ....................................................... . 

40-49 ....................................................... . 

50+ ......................................................... . 

Unspecified .............................................. . 

Total ...................................................... . 

Mean age ........................................ yr .. .. 

Education level: 

Some elementary ...................................... . 

Some high school. .................................... . 

High school diploma ................................. . 

Vocational diploma ................................... .. 

Some college ............................................ . 

College degree ........................................ .. 

Unspecified ............................................. .. 

Total ...................................................... . 

NAp Not applicable. 

1 Excluding job title category of office workers. 

2,198 2 

5,516 4 

9,411 7 

11,961 9 

20.690 15 

20.248 15 

30,941 23 

32.264 24 

136,940 100 

40 NAp 

8.546 

21.100 

66.214 

10.746 

13.240 

7.534 

9.560 

136.940 

6 

15 

48 

8 

10 

6 

7 

100 

163 

368 

664 

939 

2.024 

1,801 

3,429 

2,946 

12.413 

41 

1.969 

3.354 

4.614 

613 

520 

120 

1.223 

12.413 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding, data may not add to totals shown. 

1 

3 

5 

8 

16 

15 

28 

24 

100 

NAp 

16 

27 

37 

5 

4 

1 

10 

100 

189 

689 

1.240 

1,272 

2,098 

2.100 

3.121 

2,444 

13,708 

38 

2.325 

2,748 

5.122 

722 

1,119 

191 

1,481 

13.708 

1 

5 

9 

9 

15 

15 

23 

18 

4 

100 

NAp 

17 

20 

37 

5 

8 

11 

100 

43 

107 

255 

252 

437 

340 

572 

539 

80 

2,626 

39 

152 

499 

1,174 

257 

297 

112 

135 

2.626 

2 

4 

10 

10 

17 

13 

22 

21 

3 

100 

NAp 

6 

19 

45 

10 

11 

4 

5 

100 

19 

152 

135 

148 

241 

165 

256 

208 

379 

1,703 

36 

18 

204 

424 

160 

79 

146 

673 

1,703 

TABLE E-49.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: number of workers 

and coefficient of variation-employment size class, by type of ore mined 

Employment size 

class 1 

1-19 ........................................... . 

20-49 ........................................ .. 

50-99 ......................................... . 

100-249 .................................... .. 

250-499 .................................... .. 

500+ .......................................... . 

All groupings ........................ . 

Metal 

Workers CV. pet 

1,771 

1,695 

2,101 

7,715 

5,590 

35.940 

16.0 

27.3 

15.5 

6.6 

1.0 

.5 

14 

Stone 

Workers 

18,511 

17,215 

10,145 

23,219 

3.726 

540 

73,357 

CV. pet 

4.4 

7.8 

6.0 

3.4 

.8 

5.4 

1.1 

Sand and 

Workers CV, pet 

25,200 

9,117 

2,444 

339 

o 

o 

37,100 

3.3 

14.1 

9.7 

5.7 

.0 

.0 

3.0 

Nonmetal 

Workers 

3.825 

4.062 

4,360 

9,049 

5,514 

33,434 

CV,pet 

5.4 

8.9 

7.4 

7.3 

6.3 

1.8 

2.9 

1 2,612 2 

9 6.831 4 

8 11.705 7 

9 14,572 9 

14 25,490 15 

10 24,833 15 

15 38.318 23 

12 38.402 23 

22 3 

100 167.391 100 

NAp 40 NAp 

13,012 

12 27,904 

25 77,548 

9 12,498 

5 15.254 

9 8.103 

39 13.072 

100 167.391 

All 

8 

17 

46 

7 

9 

5 

8 

100 

Workers CV. pet 

49.307 

32.088 

19,050 

40,322 

14.829 

179,831 

2.4 

3.9 

5.4 

4.0 

2.3 

.7 

.8 

1 MSHA size groups are based on the annual average employment of the primary subunit and not on the total employment: hence, MSHA published injury 

statistics by size groups should not be analyzed against these data. 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding. the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 
TABLE E-50.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: number of workers 

and coefficient of variation-job title, by type of ore mined 

Job title grouping 1 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel operator ....... . 

Beltman-belt repairman ............................... . 

Blaster ......................................................... . 

Deckhand-barge and dredge operator .......... . 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment operator. 

Driller-rock bolter ........................................ .. 

Electrician-lampman ..................................... . 

Front-end loader-forklift operator ................... . 

Grader-scraper operator .............................. .. 

Laborer-miner-utility man .............................. . 

Manager-foreman-supervisor: 

General ................................................... .. 

Maintenance ............................................. . 

Working .................................................... . 

Mechanic-welder-oiler-machinist ................ _ .. 

Mine technical support ................................ .. 

Office worker ............................................... .. 

Plant operator-warehouseman ..................... .. 

Shuttle car-tram operator ............................. .. 

Stone cutter-finisher .................................... .. 

Truck driver ................................................. .. 

All groupings ......................................... . 

Metal 

Workers 

557 

127 

189 

12 

1,040 

1,029 

1,663 

629 

195 

4,284 

1,558 

537 

1,874 

7,857 

4,076 

1,886 

5,275 

968 

o 

35,940 

28.6 

69.1 

26.2 

65.8 

10.2 

12.2 

7.8 

13.2 

28.9 

7.0 

6.8 

19.1 

9.9 

3.6 

7.3 

9.7 

2.4 

14.5 

.0 

1.4 

Stone 

2,118 

319 

336 

171 

1,775 

2,058 

1,433 

6,095 

415 

8.771 

4,543 

708 

2,362 

11.458 

4,524 

5,010 

11,377 

213 

864 

73,357 

7.4 

11.0 

11.7 

37.3 

7.2 

2.8 

4.3 

4.2 

20.4 

3.9 

3.2 

8.1 

5.8 

2.8 

3.9 

5.6 

1.9 

26.5 

1.1 

1 As defined by MSHA; see appendix A for detailed explanation of job title groupings. 

Sand and gravel 

1,279 

208 

3 

853 

1,381 

56 

75 

5,933 

352 

2,918 

3,466 

40 

387 

3,299 

1,439 

3,188 

3.918 

32 

o 

37.100 

13.1 

20.8 

100.0 

7.5 

13.4 

33.2 

21.0 

4.7 

30.5 

5.7 

2.6 

17.3 

15.7 

4.4 

13.4 

8.9 

2.5 

42.7 

.0 

9.5 

3.0 

Nonmetal 

983 

146 

77 

68 

1,092 

558 

608 

1.286 

361 

4,046 

2,152 

537 

1,519 

5.929 

3,000 

2.356 

6,742 

394 

15 

1.565 

33.434 

11.4 

52.0 

50.4 

13.1 

8.6 

17.7 

13.3 

10.5 

27.8 

8.5 

5.0 

12.1 

13.4 

5.5 

11.2 

4.1 

4.0 

22.7 

100.0 

12.0 

2.9 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 

TABLE E-51.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 number of workers 

and coefficient of variation-principal equipment operated, by type of ore mined 

Equipment operated grouping2 

Backhoe-crane-dragline-shovel ..................... . 

Belt .............................................................. . 

Dozer-heavy and mobile equipment... .......... .. 

Drill (underground)-rock bolter ...................... . 

Drill (surface) ............................................... .. 

Explosives .................................................... . 

Front-end loader-forklift ................................ . 

Grader-scraper ............................................. . 

Handtools (powered and nonpowered) .......... . 

Hoist-elevator ............................................... . 

Many equipment .......................................... . 

Miscellaneous utility equipment. ................... . 

Plant equipment ........................................... . 

Pump ........................................................... . 

Scale-lab equipment-controls ...................... .. 

Shuttle car-locomotive .................................. . 

Stone cutting-finishing machine .................. .. 

Truck (haulage) ............................................ . 

Truck (utility)-personnel carrier ..................... . 

Welding machine-lathe ............................... .. 

None .......................................................... .. 

Not elsewhere classified ............................. .. 

Unspecified ................................................. . 

All 

job title category of office workers. 

Metal 

Workers 

650 

127 

961 

823 

328 

175 

1.003 

195 

7.888 

221 

567 

2.371 

4,036 

195 

1.772 

1,OSO 

o 

2,299 

1.080 

1.632 

6,212 

294 

174 

22.9 

69.1 

11.0 

19.0 

16.1 

29.3 

8.7 

28.9 

2.3 

16.2 

33.5 

11.0 

5.9 

38.4 

13.1 

9.8 

.0 

7.5 

12.6 

10.3 

4.9 

34.0 

36.8 

Stone 

2.228 

404 

1.616 

485 

1.898 

332 

7.538 

427 

10.370 

36 

684 

5,423 

9.105 

168 

3,316 

312 

868 

9,119 

989 

2,904 

9,235 

193 

695 

appendix B for detailed explanation of equipment operated grouping. 

6.6 

9.8 

9.7 

25.8 

4.3 

11.4 

4.0 

19.8 

3.8 

62.1 

14.5 

6.5 

1.8 

23.9 

4.9 

18.9 

20.7 

3.6 

7.4 

5.9 

3.1 

33.5 

14.0 

1.3 

Sand and gravel 

1.323 

247 

1.164 

3 

52 

3 

6.640 

400 

2.787 

o 

326 

1,733 

5.045 

216 

985 

21 

o 

8,SOl 

211 

808 

3,300 

57 

90 

33.912 

10.8 

24.9 

8.1 

100.0 

37.4 

100.0 

4.9 

25.7 

4.9 

.0 

20.9 

9.6 

3.7 

18.0 

18.0 

48.8 

.0 

9.0 

13.5 

11.3 

3.7 

58.1 

27.1 

2.6 

Nonmetal 

887 

157 

1,102 

275 

313 

77 

1.915 

506 

6.564 

203 

840 

1,915 

5,304 

179 

1,506 

389 

15 

1,570 

604 

443 

5,837 

145 

333 

31.078 

9.7 

47.0 

14.1 

30.7 

25.3 

50.4 

6.1 

17.9 

7.3 

43.6 

9.4 

10.8 

4.0 

37.4 

7.0 

13.6 

106.9 

12.1 

18.3 

21.0 

5.3 

28.9 

28.4 

2.9 

NOTE.-Owing to Independent founding, the data fOf individual entnes on number of workers may not equal total shown. 

4.937 

800 

605 

1,103 

5.288 

3,700 

3.780 

13,942 

1.323 

20.109 

All 

11.719 

1,821 

6,143 

28.543 

13.038 

12.440 

27.312 

1.607 

879 

20.830 

179.831 

5.088 

936 

4.843 

1.586 

2,591 

588 

17,096 

1,529 

27,609 

460 

2,417 

11,442 

23,489 

758 

7.579 

1.772 

883 

21,488 

2,885 

5,787 

24,584 

689 

1.292 

167.391 

All 

6.8 

13.8 

12.9 

10.9 

4.1 

4.7 

4.9 

3.8 

11.8 

4.3 

2.2 

4.9 

5.0 

2.3 

3.6 

3.4 

1.5 

9.8 

20.5 

3.5 

.8 

5.9 

13.3 

4.8 

16.2 

6.2 

13.3 

3.2 

8.7 

1.7 

23.3 

4.3 

6.2 

1.6 

9.0 

4.8 

4.9 

19.9 

3.5 

5.3 

4.3 

2.6 

21.9 

10.3 

.9 
TABLE E-52.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: number of workers 

and coefficient of variation-work location at mine, by type of ore mined 

Metal 

Work location 

WOrkers CV. pet 

Underground mine ....................................... . 4,980 8.9 

Surface at underground mine ...................... .. 1.756 6.5 

Surface mine ................................................ . 10,992 2.8 

Plant or mill .................................................. . 15,126 3.8 

Office ........................................................... . 3,087 6.3 

All groupings ......................................... . 35,940 1.4 

Stone 

Workers 

1.094 

658 

35,742 

28,546 

7.316 

73.357 

CV,pet 

11.7 

16.0 

1.7 

3.1 

4.0 

1.1 

Sand and gravel 

Workers 

o 

o 

26,631 

6,026 

4,443 

37.100 

CV,pet 

.0 

.0 

2.7 

8.3 

8.5 

3.0 

Nonmetal 

Workers 

3.643 

1,783 

11,208 

13,634 

3.167 

33,434 

CV,pet 

5.5 

6.3 

3.1 

5.6 

6.5 

2.9 

NaTE.-Owing to independent rounding. the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 

TABLE E-53.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates:' number of workers 

and coefficient of variatlon-experience at job, company, and mining, by type of ore mined 

Metal Stone Sand and gravel Nonmetal 

All 

Workers 

9,717 

4,197 

84.572 

63,332 

18,012 

179,831 

All 

CV,pet 

3.4 

4.0 

.9 

2.4 

3.0 

.8 

Experience. yr 

Workers CV. pet Workers CV. pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV. pet 

At present job: 

0< to s 1 ............................................... .. 

1< to s2 ................................................. . 

2< to s3 ................................................ .. 

3< to s5 ................................................ .. 

5< to s10 .............................................. .. 

10< to s20 ............................................ .. 

20< ........................................................ .. 

Unspecified ............................................. .. 

All groupings ........................................ .. 

At present company: 

0< to s 1 ................................................ .. 

1< to s5 ................................................. . 

5< to s10 ............................................... . 

10< to s15 ............................................. . 

15< to s20 ............................................. . 

20< to s25 ............................................. . 

25< to s30 ............................................ .. 

30< ........................................................ .. 

Unspecified .............................................. . 

All groupings ........................................ .. 

Total mining: 

0< to sl ................................................. . 

1<to:S5 ................................................. . 

5< to :s 10 ............................................... . 

10<tos15 ............................................ .. 

15< to :s2O ............................................. . 

20< to :S25 ............................................ .. 

25< to :S3O ............................................. . 

30< ......................................................... . 

Unspecified ............................................. .. 

All groupings ........................................ .. 

1Excluding job title category ot office workers. 

6.616 

3.665 

2.764 

3.349 

8.223 

6,492 

2.117 

828 

34.054 

4,312 

5.915 

7.713 

5.568 

5.064 

2.188 

1.482 

1,552 

260 

34.054 

1.524 

3.830 

7.141 

6,413 

5.751 

2,740 

1,740 

1,883 

3,032 

34.054 

7.2 

7.2 

3.4 

4.9 

5.2 

3.2 

10.0 

15.7 

1.6 

7.4 

5.7 

4.2 

4.1 

7.3 

5.7 

6.8 

6.0 

40.5 

1.6 

11.3 

5.0 

3.3 

3.4 

6.0 

7.4 

9.7 

6.7 

4.6 

1.6 

13.067 

8,365 

6.185 

8.392 

14.212 

9.702 

3,814 

4,611 

68.347 

8.741 

16.500 

14,282 

9.269 

6.670 

3.550 

2.867 

4.126 

2,343 

68,347 

6.5n 

12.337 

13.951 

9,500 

6.994 

3,955 

3.037 

4,269 

7.727 

68.347 

4.7 

3.7 

4.9 

5.9 

3.8 

6.0 

8.9 

15.2 

1.3 

4.1 

3.5 

2.6 

3.8 

5.4 

4.8 

9.0 

9.3 

19.2 

1.3 

4.3 

3.2 

3.6 

3.6 

3.7 

4.0 

7.5 

6.6 

8.0 

1.3 

6.625 

3,812 

3,214 

3.932 

5,856 

4,884 

2.172 

3,417 

5.818 

10,698 

6,642 

3,934 

2,418 

1,281 

883 

999 

1,238 

33.912 

3,439 

7.375 

5,852 

3,835 

2,466 

1,361 

912 

1,114 

7,558 

33,912 

5.9 

5.1 

4.3 

2.4 

7.0 

4.8 

5.3 

15.8 

2.6 

5.1 

4.9 

5.4 

4.0 

8.8 

10.6 

11.1 

17.0 

20.9 

2.6 

6.6 

3.6 

6.4 

4.0 

8.3 

11.5 

6.3 

~3.8 

11.8 

2.6 

4.900 

3,681 

2.142 

3.711 

8,197 

5,253 

841 

2.353 

31,078 

2,375 

6,604 

8,691 

6,108 

2,972 

1,992 

914 

1,387 

35 

31,078 

1,426 

4.684 

7.505 

5.713 

2.945 

1.723 

884 

1,424 

4,n4 

31,078 

NaTE.-Owing to independem rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 

9.0 

8.8 

11.2 

5.4 

5.8 

7.8 

12.8 

17.1 

2.9 

10.0 

5.5 

7.2 

4.5 

7.4 

9.3 

7.4 

9.2 

54.3 

2.9 

11.7 

7.3 

9.1 

6.4 

7.3 

10.1 

11.8 

10.3 

9.5 

2.9 

31.206 

19.523 

14,305 

19,383 

36,488 

26.332 

8.943 

11,210 

21.245 

39.718 

37,328 

24.878 

17.124 

9.011 

6,147 

8.064 

3.876 

167,391 

12.966 

28.226 

34,448 

25,481 

18,156 

9.779 

6.573 

8,691 

167,391 

2.5 

3.4 

2.6 

2.9 

2.2 

3.3 

3.7 

6.5 

.9 

3.0 

1.8 

1.4 

1.7 

3.4 

3.1 

6.2 

7.8 

13.7 

.9 

2.4 

2.2 

1.8 

2.4 

2.8 

5.4 

5.0 

6.6 

4.8 

.9 
TABLE E-54.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 number of workers 

and coefficient of variation-training received, by type of ore mined 

Job training for last Metal Stone Sand and gravel Nonmetal 

2 yr, h Workers CV.pet Workers CV, pet Workers CV. pet Workers CV. pet 

0 ................................................................... 1.667 7.9 5,175 15.3 6.132 9.0 2.178 25.5 

1-8 ............................................................... 1,227 16.3 5,879 12.2 2.509 11.7 1.363 20.1 

9-15 ............................................................. 1.132 7.1 3,230 9.0 902 13.0 381 21.6 

16 ................................................................. 5,046 6.3 11.632 6.3 4.238 8.9 7.132 5.3 

17-40 ............................................................ 11,535 4.2 9,985 7.1 3.759 13.5 5,685 9.8 

41-80 ............................................................ 2,691 9.9 5,554 6.5 2,786 8.1 3,609 7.7 

81-160 .......................................................... 924 12.4 3,522 6.6 947 9.6 1,265 13.0 

161 + ............................................................ 2,035 5.8 2,488 14.2 733 5.8 931 20.1 

Unspecified ................................................... 7,798 3.0 20,883 7.3 11,905 7.8 8,532 7.2 

All groupings .......................................... 34,054 1.6 68,347 1.3 33.912 2.6 31.078 2.9 

1Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding, the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 

TABLE E-55.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates:' number of workers 

and coefficient of variation-age, by type of ore mined 

Metal Stor1e Sand and gravel Nonmetal 

Age, yr 

Workers CV,pet Workers CV,pet Workers CV.pet Workers CV. pet 

15-20 ............................................................ 317 15.1 1,220 7.0 722 12.3 353 28.2 

21-23 ............................................................ 711 10.3 3.214 3.1 1,745 10.9 1.162 13.0 

24-26 ............................................................ 1,433 6.8 4.992 4.0 2,881 7.0 2,400 6.7 

27-29 ............................................................ 2,511 7.5 6.005 4.7 2,920 7.2 3,137 12.7 

30-34 ............................................................ 5,564 4.9 9,988 2.7 4,514 4.4 5,424 5.5 

35-39 ............................................................ 6,171 2.9 9,458 3.6 4.323 2.4 4,881 7.0 

40-49 ........................................................... 9,559 2.1 15.250 2.6 6,583 4.8 6.926 5.3 

50+ ............................................................. 7,482 3.4 16.466 4.0 7.821 4.7 6.632 2.2 

Unspecified ................................................... 308 7.6 1.754 19.0 16.2 162 40.5 

All groupings .......................................... 34,054 1.6 68,347 1.3 33,912 2.6 31,078 2.9 

lExcluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding. the data for individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 

47 

All 

Workers CV. pet 

15.152 6.3 

10.979 6.9 

5,644 6.9 

28,048 3.6 

30,965 2.9 

14,639 3.6 

6,658 4.5 

6,188 6.0 

49.118 3.9 

167.391 .9 

All 

Workers CV,pet 

2.612 6.2 

6,831 4.2 

11,705 2.7 

14,572 3.3 

25,490 1.5 

24.833 1.3 

38.318 1.5 

38.402 2.2 

4,627 8.8 

167,391 .9 
48 

TABLE E-56.-Metal and nonmetal mining 1986 workforce estimates: 1 number of workers 

and coefficient of variation-sex, race, and education, by type of ore mined 

Metal Stone Sand and gravel Nonmetal All 

Workers CV, pet Workers CV,pet Workers CV,pet Workers CV,pet Workers CV,pet 

Sex: 

Male .......................................................... 32,735 1.7 66,326 1.4 32,949 2.6 29,873 2.7 161.883 .9 

Female ...................................................... 1.182 10.6 1.490 6.9 790 13.2 1.061 18.9 4,523 3.4 

Unspecified ............................................... 136 51.9 531 25.3 174 32.2 143 48.3 984 19.6 

All groupings .......................................... 34.054 1.6 68.347 1.3 33.912 2.6 31.078 2.9 167.391 .9 

Race: 

White ......................................................... 28.798 2.3 56.171 1.4 28.644 2.8 23.327 3.7 136.940 .9 

Black ......................................................... 793 20.3 5,119 14.1 1,742 9.0 4,758 6.8 12,413 7.2 

Hispanic .......... " ........... ~ ................. " .................... " ~ .......... 3,469 7.1 5,353 7.1 2.448 8.7 2.439 7.6 13.708 2.2 

Other ......................................................... 671 8.6 1.101 15.5 458 12.4 399 11.8 2,626 8.2 

Unspecified ............................................... 324 31.8 603 31.3 622 33.2 154 38.1 15.3 

All groupings .......................................... 34.054 1.6 68.347 1.3 33.912 2.6 31,078 2.9 167.391 .9 

Education level: 

Some elementary ....................................... 1,682 14.8 6,349 8.5 2,812 11.1 2.168 9.4 13.012 4.1 

Some high school ...................................... 3.650 7.2 13.068 4.0 6.030 6.9 5.155 8.0 27.904 2.5 

High school diploma .................................. 15.733 1.7 31.371 4.1 15.792 4.4 14.652 3.8 77.548 1.7 

Vocational diploma ..................................... 3,243 7.3 4.520 9.7 2,171 12.8 2.563 14.2 12.498 5.5 

Some college ............................................. 5,425 1.6 5.120 7.7 2.212 6.1 2.497 12.9 15,254 2.2 

College degree .......................................... 3.079 8.1 2.549 3.9 879 11.2 1.596 11.3 8.103 3.9 

Unspecified ............................................... 1.242 12.8 6.7 

All groupings .......................................... 34.054 1.6 68.347 1.3 33.912 2.6 31.078 2.9 167.391 .9 

'Excluding job title category of office workers. 

NOTE.-Owing to independent rounding, the data tor individual entries on number of workers may not equal total shown. 
APPENDIX F.-MINING INDUSTRY POPULATION SURVEY LETTERS AND 

QUESTIONNAIRE 
United States Department of the Interior 

BUREAU OF MINES 

240 I E STREET, NW. 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20241 

Dear Mine Managerl 

The Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, is requesting your help 

in conducting a survey of the mining industry. The survey is designed to characterize the nation's mine-worker population by occupation, job experience, 

training, age, and other factors. These data are necessary to accurately analyze the nation's mine accidents. At this time, the information sought by 

this survey cannot be obtained from any other source. 

Your firm was randomly selected to represent firms of a similar size in your 

industry. Although your response to this survey is voluntary, the validity of 

the results depends upon a very high response rate. We urge you, therefore, 

to respond as completely and accurately as possible based upon information 

from your personnel files, management records, or direct response from individual workers at your mine. 

Under no circumstances will the information you provide be identified by 

individual mine, company, or worker. The data will be used for statistical 

purposes only and the results of the survey when analyzed with accident statistics will be made available to the public in the form of official publications. 

Instructions for completing the survey questionnaire are on the enclosed survey 

form. Questions regarding the survey should be directed to: 

Ms. Shail Butani 

Bureau of Mines 

5629 Minnehaha Avenue South 

Minneapolis, MN 55417 

Telephone: (612) 725-4500 

Thank you for your time and effort. 

Enclosure 

(Note: Collect calls regarding 

this survey will be accepted during 

regular business hours, 8:00 a.m. to 

4:00 p.m., Central Time.) 

Sincerely, 
Dear Employer: 

United States Department of the Interior 

BUREAU OF MINES 

2401 E STREET. NW. 

\VASHINGTON. D.C. 20241 

Recently, we wrote to you requesting your help in obtaining data for a survey 

for the mining industry. This information will be used to produce the 

characteristics of the nation's mine-worker population in order to analyze the 

nation's mine accident data more accurately. We have not yet received your 

response and have enclosed an additional survey questionnaire in case the 

original was misplaced or did not reach you. 

Because your firm was randomly selected to represent firms of a similar size 

in your industry, we are making every effort to obtain your response to ensure 

a true representation of those firms. Your response is strictly confidential 

and will be used for statistical purposes only. 

If you have any questions, please refer to the instructions on the first page 

of the questionnaire or call collect, Ms. Shail Butani at 612-725-~500. If 

you prefer, you may report your information directly by telephone. A response 

during the next 2 weeks would be great assistance to the survey. 

Thank you for your help and support in the Bureau's effort to characterize the 

mine-worker population. 

Sincerely, 

Enclosure 
INSTRUCTIONS: 

U.S. BUREAU 0 F MIN ES 

Twin Cities Research Center 

5629 Minnehaha Avenue South 

Minneapolis. MN 55417 

(612) 725-4500 

MINING INDUSTRY 

POPULATION SURVEY 

1. Fill out this form as completely as possible ar.d :'aturn it in the enclosed stamped envelope within three weeks. 

2. This form isonlyforthe o'peration with mine 1.0. numberas shown on the address label. Do not use for any other operation. 

3. As an alternative to completing the forms, you are welcome to send copies of any administrative records, containing the reQuosted information on all employees. However, it is very important that all the information requested on the forms be contained in the records. 

4. (a) Obtain a list or lists of all the employees (hourly, salaried. managerial, and office workers. etc.) working in the operation 

with mine 1.0 number shown on the label. It is important that each employee appear on one and only one list. 

(b) Sequentially number the employees starting with one list continuing until all the lists are exhausted. 

(c) Determine the total number of employees at this mine I.D. operation. Note: This number should be the same as the last 

number on t:1e employees list. 

(d) Based on the total number of employees, mark the appropriate employment size box below. 

Total No. of 

Employees 

1 - 49 

50 - 99 

100 - 249 

250 - 499 

500 999 

1,000 + 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Selection Numbers 

All employees (1. 2. 3, 4, 5 ... ) 

Every other employee starting with employee No.1 (1,3,5,7,9 ... ) 

Every 5th employee starting with employee No.4 (4,9. 14, 19.24 ... ) 

Every 10th employee starting with employee NO.7 (7, 17, 27, 37, 47 ... ) 

Every 20th employee starting with employee No. 12 (12.32.52. 72.92 ... ) 

Every 30th employee starting with employee No. 15 (15,45, 75, 105. 135 ... ) 

(e i Record the information on the attached Questionnaire for each worker whose number on the employee list corresponds 

to the selection numbers that fall in the above marked employment size category. Note: Depending on the total number 

of employees at this mine. it may not be necessary to complete all lines on the Questionnaire. 

(f) See Exampls below. 

5. If you should have :my Questions or need assistance in completing the form please contact ----------__ ..... 

6. Company representative to be contacted regarding this report: 

Name __ . ___________ Title Phone ( 

EXAMPl.E: 

Suppose there are 153 hourly employees, 31 salaried employees, and 9 office employees at Mine Operation XYZ. 

Procedure: 1. Number the workers on one list first, say office (1-9). 

2. Continuously number the workers on the 2nd list, say salaried (10-40). 

3. Continuously number the workers on the next list, hourly (41-193). 

4. Total number of employees at Mine 10 XYZ is 193. Hence, check the box inside 100-249 employees. 

5. Record information for employees whose numbers are 4, 9, 14, 19, 24, 29, 34 ... 179, 184. 189. 

Note' In this case, a total of 38 employees are in the sample. 

MS. SHAlL BUTANI 

U.S. Bureau of Mines 

Twin Cities Research Center 

5629 Minnehaha Avenue South 

Minneapolis. MN 55417 

CALL COLLECT (612) 725-4500 

O.M.B. No. 1219-0098 

Approval Exp. 9/30/1986 
U.S. BUREAU OF MINES 

Twin Cities Research Center MINING INDUSTRY 5629 Minnehaha Avenue South 

Minneapolis. MN 55417 POPULATION SURVEY (612) 725-4500 

EMPLOYEE DATA: 

Principal Principal Job-related Experience Job title equipment operation training 

Sample or operated subunit This This Total during last 

No. occuQation {ifan;t! ~~ mine 2 years Age Race2 Education3 

U SU S P 0 yrs/mo yrs/mos yrs/mos wks/hrs yrs. M F W B H 0 U E SH HD V SC CD 

EXAMPLE truck driver truck 000000 5/3 710 8/6 4/10 29 IXlO DDDIXID D IXI DOD D 

1. OOODO DO DDDDD D D D D D D 

2. 00000 DO OD~DD ODD D D 0 

3. 00000 DO DDDDD DDDODO 

4. 00000 DO DODDD DDODOO 

5. 00000 DO DDDDD DDDODD 

6. ODDDD DO ODD DO D D DOD 0 

7. 00000 DO DODDD D D D D D 0 

8. 00000 DO 00000 D D GJ 0 0 0 

9. 00000 DO DDDDD ODD 0 D 0 

10. DDDDD DO 00000 ODD 0 0 0 

11. 00000 DO 00000 DDDDDO 

12. 00000 DO 00000 000000 

13. 00000 DO 00000 000000 

14. 00000 DO 00000 DDODDD ~ 5. 00000 DO 00000 000000 

16. 00000 DO 00000 000000 

17. 00000 DO 00000 DDDOOD 

18. 00000 DO DODDD ODD D 0 0 

19. 00000 DO 00000 000000 

20. 00000 DO 00000 000000 

U - underground; SU • surface operations at underground mines; S· surface; p. preparation plant or mill; o· office worker 

2 W - white; B - black; H hispanic; 0 - other; U - unknown 

3 E - ~ through 8th grade; SH - some high school; HD - high school diploma; V - vocational; SC - some college; CD - college degree 
U.S. BUREAU OF MINES 

Twin Cities Research Center MINING INDUSTRY 

5629 Minnehaha Avenue South 

Minneapolis. MN 55417 POPULATION SURVEY (612) 725-4500 

EMPLOYEE DATA: 

Principal Principal Job-related Experience Job title equipment operation training 

Sample or operated subunit This This Total during last 

No. occuQation {if an~} code' ~~ mine 2 years ~ Race2 EducationJ 

U SU S P 0 yrs/mo yrs/mos yrs/mos wkslhrs yrs. M F W B H 0 U E SH HD V SC CD 

EXAMPLE truck driver -

truck 000000 5/3 7/0 8/6 4/10 29 IXIO OOOIXIO 01Xl0000 

21. 00000 00 00000 00000 0 

22 00000 DO OO::JOO 000000 

23. 00000 00 00000 o 0 0 ODD 

24. 00000 DO 00000 00000 0 

25. 00000 00 00000 000000 

26. 00000 00 00000 000000 

27 00000 00 00000 000000 

28. 00000 DO OOOUU U U 0 ODD 

29. 00000 DO 00000 000000 

30 00000 DO 00000 o 0 0 0 0 0 

31. DDOOO DO 00000 000000 

82 00000 DO 00000 000000 

33. 00000 00 00000 000000 

34 00000 DO 00000 000000 

35. 00000 00 00000 000000 

36. 00000 00 00000 000000 

37. 00000 DO 00000 000000 

38. 00000 00 00000 000000 

39. 00000 DO 00000 000000 

40. 00000 DO 00000 000000 

'u underground; SU - surface operations at underground mines; S - surface; P - preparation plant or mill; 0 - office worker 

}W white; B black; H - hispanic; 0 - other; U - unknown 

J E 1 through 8th grade; SH - some high school; HO - high school diploma; V vocational; SC - some college; CD - college degree 
U.S. BUREAU OF MIN ES 

Twin Cities Research Center MINING INDUSTRY ® 5629 Minnehaha Avenue South 

oj -" Minneapolis. MN 55417 POPULATION SURVEY .~~. 

(612) 725-4500 

EMPLOYEE DATA: 

Principal Principal Job-related Experience Job title equipment operation training 

Sample or operated subunit This This Total during last 

No. occupation {ifan~l codel ~~ mine 2 years ~ Sex Race'! Education3 

U SU S P 0 yrs/mo yrs/mos yrs/mos wks/hrs yrs. M F W B H 0 U E SH HD V SC CD 

EXAMPLE truck driver truck DDIXlDD 5/3 7/0 8/6 4/10 29 IXID DDDIXlD DOODDDD 

41. 00000 DO 00000 DDDDDD 

42. DDDDD DO DD::JDD DDDDDD 

43. DDDDD DO 00000 DDDDDD 

44. DDDDD DO 00000 DDDDDD 

45. 00000 DO 00000 000000 

46. DDDDD DO 00000 DDDDDD 

47. 00000 DO DDDDD 000000 

48. DDDDD DO DDDDD 000000 

49. 00000 DO DDDDD DDDDDD 

50. 00000 DO DDDDD DDDDDD 

51. 00000 DO 00000 000000 

52. 00000 DO DDDDD 000000 

53. 00000 DO DDDDD 000000 

54. 00000 DO 00000 000000 

55. DOD 0 DO 00000 nDDDDD 

56. DDDDD DO 00000 000000 

57. 00000 DO 00000 000000 ~ 58. 00000 DO DDDDD 000000 ! 

~ 59. 00000 DO DDDDD 000000 ~ 

z 60. 00000 DO 00000 000000 m 

!f.I 

C!1 

"f 1 U - underground; SU - surface operations at underground mines; S - surface; P - preparation plant or mill; 0 - office worker ~ 2 W - white; B - black; H - hispanic; 0 - other; U - unknown 

~ 3 E - 1 through 8th grade; SH - some high school; HD high school diploma; V - vocational; SC - some college; CD - college degree 

fl u.s. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE- 1986 M4-601