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Turpentine																				Related Pages
										May 1994
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH)
**CAS number:** 8006-64-2
**NIOSH REL:** 100 ppm (560 mg/m3) TWA
**Current OSHA PEL:** 100 ppm (560 mg/m3) TWA
**1989 OSHA PEL:** Same as current PEL
**1993-1994 ACGIH TLV:** 100 ppm (556 mg/m3) TWA
**Description of substance:** Colorless liquid with a characteristic odor**.**
**LEL: . .** 0.8% (10% LEL, 800 ppm)
**Original (SCP) IDLH:** 1,500 ppm
**Basis for original (SCP) IDLH:** The chosen IDLH is based on the known human lethal concentration of 1,878 ppm [Albaugh 1915 in Jacobs as cited by AIHA 1971], the mouse LC50 of 1,620 ppm, and the reported effects to human subjects after several hours of exposure to 750 to 1,000 ppm [Lehmann and Flury 1943 as cited by ACGIH 1971]. AIHA [1967] reported that 1,878 ppm for 1 to 4 hours is definitely toxic to man [Jacobs 1949]. The effects of turpentine on the eyes and central nervous system at concentrations above 1,500 ppm might impede escape in the event of respirator failure.
**Short-term exposure guidelines:** None developed
**ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:**
**Lethal concentration data:**

**Species**
    **Reference**
    **LC50**
    **LCLo**
    **Time**
    **Adjusted 0.5-hr** **LC (CF)**
    **Derived value**Mouse Rat
    Sperling & Collins 1964 Sperling et al. 1967
    29,000 mg/m312,000 mg/m3
    ----- -----
    2 hr 6 hr
    8,212 ppm (1.6) 4,885 ppm (2.3)
    821 ppm 489 ppm**Lethal dose data:**
 
 **Species**
    **Reference**
    **Route**
    **LD50** **(mg/kg)**
    **LDLo** **(mg/kg)**
    **Adjusted LD**
    **Derived value**Rat
    Skramlik 1959
    oral
    5,760
    -----
    7,136 ppm
    714 ppm**Human data:** Exposure of volunteers for several hours at 750 to 1,000 ppm resulted in irritation of the eyes, headache, dizziness, nausea, and acceleration of the pulse [Lehmann and Flury 1943]. The lethal concentration has been reported to be 1,878 ppm [Albaugh 1915].
 
 **Revised IDLH:** 800 ppm **Basis for revised IDLH:** The revised IDLH for turpentine is 800 ppm based on acute toxicity data in humans [Lehmann and Flury 1943] and animals [Skramlik 1959; Sperling and Collins 1964]. Also, this value is 10% of the lower explosive limit of 0.8%.**REFERENCES:**
1. ACGIH [1971]. Turpentine. In: Documentation of the threshold limit values for substances in workroom air. 3rd ed. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, p. 274.
2. AIHA [1967]. Turpentine. In: Hygienic guide series. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 28:297-300.
3. Albaugh [1915]. Ohio Public Health J 6:512.
4. Jacobs MB [1949]. The analytical chemistry of industrial poisons, hazards and solvents. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Interscience Publishers, Inc., p. 553.
5. Lehmann KB, Flury F, eds. [1943]. Toxicology and hygiene of industrial solvents. Translated by E. King and H.F. Smyth, Jr. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins Company, pp. 295-297.
6. Skramlik EV [1959]. Über die fiftigkeit und verträglichkeit von ätherischen ölen. Pharmazie 14:435-445 (in German).
7. Sperling F, Collins C [1964]. Inhalation and intravenous toxicity of turpentine in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 6:360 [Abstract].
8. Sperling F, Marcus WL, Collins C [1967]. Acute effects of turpentine vapor on rats and mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 10:8-20.

			
							
								Page last reviewed:  December 4, 2014						Content
							source: 	National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH Publications & Products
Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health (IDLH) Values
Table of IDLH Values
Criteria for Determining IDLH Values
Historical Documentation
Original (SCP) Values
Abbreviations for IDLH Documentation
Abbreviations for Journal Titles Follow NIOSH Facebook
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