57740 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 195 / Wednesday, October 10, 2007 / Proposed Rules 

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

Fish and Wildlife Service 

50 CFR Part 17 

RIN 1018–AV09 

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife 

and Plants; Designation of Critical 

Habitat for the Peninsular Bighorn 

Sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) and 

Proposed Taxonomic Revision 

AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, 

Interior. 

ACTION: Proposed rule. 

SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and 

Wildlife Service (Service), propose to 

revise currently designated critical 

habitat for the Peninsular bighorn sheep 

(Ovis canadensis nelsoni) under the 

Endangered Species Act of 1973, as 

amended (Act). In total, approximately 

384,410 acres (ac) (155,564 hectares 

(ha)) of land in Riverside, San Diego, 

and Imperial counties, California, fall 

within the boundaries of the proposed 

revised critical habitat designation. Of 

the area proposed as revised critical 

habitat, approximately 4,512 ac (1,826 

ha) of land are Tribal; 93,720 ac (37,927 

ha) are Federal; 249,840 ac (101,107 ha) 

are State; 35,824 ac (14,497 ha) are 

private; and 514 ac (208 ha) are local. 

We are proposing to exclude from the 

final designation, under section 4(b)(2) 

of the Act, approximately 4,512 ac 

(1,826 ha) of Agua Caliente Band of 

Cahuilla Indians Tribal land. We are 

also evaluating and considering the 

possible exclusion of approximately 

19,211 ac (7,774 ha) of private land 

covered under the draft Coachella 

Valley Multiple Species Habitat 

Conservation Plan. Further, we are 

acknowledging a taxonomic change to 

the species and are proposing a 

taxonomic revision of the listed entity 

from distinct population segment (DPS) 

of species Ovis canadensis, to DPS of 

subspecies Ovis canadensis nelsoni. 

DATES: We will accept comments from 

all interested parties until December 10, 

2007. We must receive requests for 

public hearings, in writing, at the 

address shown in the ADDRESSES section 

by November 26, 2007. 

ADDRESSES: If you wish to comment on 

this proposed rule, you may submit 

your comments and materials 

concerning by any one of several 

methods: 

1. By mail or hand-delivery to: Jim 

Bartel, Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and 

Wildlife Service, Carlsbad Fish and 

Wildlife Office, 6010 Hidden Valley 

Road, Carlsbad, CA 92011. 

2. By electronic mail (e-mail) to: 

fw8cfwocomments@fws.gov. Please see 

the Public Comments Solicited section 

below for other information about 

electronic filing. 

3. By fax to: the attention of Jim Bartel 

at 760–431–5901. 

4. Via the Federal eRulemaking Portal 

at: http://www.regulations.gov. Follow 

the instructions for submitting 

comments. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Jim 

Bartel, Field Supervisor, Carlsbad Fish 

and Wildlife Office, 6010 Hidden Valley 

Road, Carlsbad, CA 92011; telephone 

760–431–9440 ; facsimile 760–431– 

5901. If you use a telecommunications 

device for the deaf (TDD), call the 

Federal Information Relay Service 

(FIRS) at 800–877–8339. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Public Comments 

We intend that any final action 

resulting from this proposal to revise the 

current critical habitat designation for 

the Peninsular bighorn sheep will be as 

accurate and as effective as possible. 

Therefore, we request comments or 

suggestions on this proposed rule. We 

particularly seek comments concerning: 

(1) The reasons why we should or 

should not designate habitat as ‘‘critical 

habitat’’ under section 4 of the Act (16 

U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), including whether 

there are threats to the subspecies from 

human activity, the degree of which can 

be expected to increase due to the 

designation, that outweigh the benefit of 

designation, such that the designation of 

critical habitat is not prudent, and 

whether there are areas we previously 

designated, but are not proposing for 

revised designation here, that should be 

designated as critical habitat; 

(2) Specific information on the 

amount and distribution of Peninsular 

bighorn sheep habitat, what areas 

occupied at the time of listing and that 

contain features essential for the 

conservation of the subspecies we 

should include in the designation and 

why, and what areas not occupied at the 

time of listing are essential for the 

conservation of the subspecies and why; 

(3) The appropriateness of the 

proposed exclusion of approximately 

4,512 ac (1,826 ha) of Peninsular 

bighorn sheep habitat from the final 

designation in consideration of 

Secretarial Order 3206, ‘‘American 

Indian Tribal Rights, Federal Tribal 

Trust Responsibilities, and the 

Endangered Species Act’’ (June 5, 1997); 

the President’s memorandum of April 

29, 1994, ‘‘Government-to-Government 

Relations with Native American Tribal 

Governments’’ (59 FR 22951); Executive 

Order 13175; and the relevant provision 

of the Departmental Manual of the 

Department of the Interior (512 DM 2) 

(see ‘‘Proposed Exclusion of Agua 

Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians Tribal 

Lands Under Section 4(b)(2) of the Act’’ 

for a detailed discussion); specifically 

any additional information regarding 

the benefits of including these Tribal 

lands in the designation or of excluding 

these lands from the designation; 

(4) The appropriateness of the 

possible exclusion of approximately 

19,211 acres (ac) (7,774 hectares (ha)) of 

Peninsular bighorn sheep habitat from 

the final designation based on the 

benefits to the conservation of the 

subspecies and its PCEs provided by the 

draft Coachella Valley Multiple Species 

Habitat Conservation Plan (MSHCP) (see 

‘‘Areas Considered for Exclusion Under 

Section 4(b)(2) of the Act’’ for a detailed 

discussion), specifically any additional 

information on the benefits of including 

land covered by the draft Coachella 

Valley Multiple Species Habitat 

Conservation Plan in the designation or 

of excluding these lands from the 

designation. At this time we are only 

considering private lands under the 

draft Coachella Valley MSHCP for 

exclusion and soliciting comment on 

the appropriateness of excluding 

California Department of Fish and 

Game, and Bureau of Land Management 

lands as Memorandum of 

Understanding partners to the MSHCP; 

(5) Land use designations and current 

or planned activities in the subject areas 

and their possible impacts on proposed 

revised critical habitat; 

(6) Any foreseeable economic, 

national security, or other potential 

impacts resulting from the proposed 

revised designation and, in particular, 

any impacts on small entities, and the 

benefits of including or excluding areas 

that exhibit these impacts; and 

(7) Whether we could improve or 

modify our approach to designating 

critical habitat in any way to provide for 

greater public participation and 

understanding, or to better 

accommodate public concerns and 

comments. 

You may submit your comments and 

materials concerning this proposal by 

one of several methods (see ADDRESSES). 

If you use e-mail to submit your 

comments, please include ‘‘Attn: 

Peninsular bighorn sheep’’ in your 

e-mail subject header, preferably with 

your name and return address in the 

body of your message. If you do not 

receive a confirmation from the system 

that we have received your e-mail, 

contact us directly by calling our 

Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Office at 

760–431–9440. Please note that we must 


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receive comments by the date specified 

in the DATES section in order to consider 

them in our final determination. 

Before including your address, phone 

number, e-mail address, or other 

personal identifying information in your 

comment, you should be aware that 

your entire comment—including your 

personal identifying information—may 

be made publicly available at any time. 

While you may ask us in your comment 

to withhold your personal identifying 

information from public review, we 

cannot guarantee that we will be able to 

do so. 

Comments and materials we receive, 

as well as supporting documentation we 

used in the preparation of this proposed 

rule, will be available for public 

inspection, by appointment, during 

normal business hours at the Carlsbad 

Fish and Wildlife Office, 6010 Hidden 

Valley Road, Carlsbad, CA 92011 

(telephone 760–431–9440). 

Background 

In this proposed rule, it is our intent 

to discuss only those topics directly 

relevant to the revision of designated 

critical habitat for the Peninsular 

bighorn sheep and the proposed 

taxonomic revision of the current listed 

entity. For more information on the 

biology, and ecology of the Peninsular 

bighorn sheep, refer to the final listing 

rule published in the Federal Register 

on March 18, 1998 (63 FR 13134), and 

the proposed and final critical habitat 

rules published in the Federal Register 

on July 5, 2000, and February 1, 2001, 

respectively (65 FR 41405 and 66 FR 

8650). 

In the 1998 final listing rule, 

Peninsular bighorn sheep were listed as 

a distinct population segment (DPS) of 

the species Ovis canadensis. As stated 

in the 2001 critical habitat rule, based 

on morphometric and genetic analysis, 

Wehausen and Ramey (1993, p. 9) 

synonymized Peninsular bighorn sheep 

with the subspecies nelsoni, which is 

the current taxonomy. Although we 

accepted this taxonomy at the time of 

the designation in 2001, we have yet to 

formally revise the taxonomy of the 

listed entity. Therefore, we are formally 

proposing a taxonomic revision to 

amend the final listing rule from a DPS 

of the species Ovis canadensis, to a DPS 

of the subspecies Ovis canadensis 

nelsoni. Therefore, within this proposed 

critical habitat rule we will refer to the 

listed entity as a subspecies and not a 

species. The taxonomic revision does 

not materially affect discreteness and 

significance of the Peninsular bighorn 

sheep as a DPS entity. As stated in the 

final listing rule (63 FR 13134), 

regardless of taxonomic issues 

surrounding this species at the time of 

listing, the biological evidence supports 

recognition of Peninsular bighorn sheep 

as a distinct vertebrate population 

segment in the Service’s Recognition of 

Distinct Vertebrate Population Segments 

(DPS) (61 FR 4722). For a detailed 

discussion of the DPS analysis for 

Peninsular bighorn sheep, see the 

Distinct Vertebrate Population Segment 

section of the final listing rule. 

Peninsular bighorn sheep (a large 

mammal in the family Bovidae) 

occupying the Peninsular Ranges of 

southern California were determined, at 

the time of listing in 1998, to be a 

distinct vertebrate population segment 

(DPS) of bighorn sheep based on their 

geographic isolation and separation 

from other desert bighorn sheep (63 FR 

13134; March 18, 1998). Peninsular 

bighorn sheep occur on moderate to 

steep (greater than 20 percent) (NRCS 

1993, p. 66) open slopes, canyons, and 

washes in hot and dry desert regions of 

the Peninsular Ranges of southern 

California in Riverside, San Diego, and 

Imperial counties (66 FR 8650; February 

1, 2001). Peninsular bighorn sheep use 

several different habitat types, 

elevations, and slopes depending on 

seasonal environmental conditions and/ 

or their life history stage. The 2001 final 

critical habitat rule (66 FR 8650) stated 

that most Peninsular bighorn sheep live 

between 300 and 4,000 feet (ft) (91 and 

1,219 meters (m)) in elevation. Upon 

review of available literature, we now 

believe 4,600 ft (1,400 m) (below 

forested vegetation) is a more widely 

accepted upper elevational limit in the 

Peninsular Ranges (Jorgensen and 

Turner 1975, p. 51; DeForge et al. 1997, 

p. 11; Rubin et al. 1998, p. 541; Ernest 

et al. 2002, p. 76). Desert bighorn sheep 

are frequently found on slopes greater 

than 20 percent (Elenowitz 1983, p. 87; 

Andrew and Bleich 1999, p. 13; Dunn 

1996, p. 5), and our Geographic 

Information System (GIS) records and 

occurrence data confirm this 

observation for Peninsular bighorn 

sheep. Steep terrains with slopes of 60 

percent or greater used for predator 

evasion and lambing are a crucial 

component of Peninsular bighorn sheep 

habitat (Dunn 1996, p. 1; Service 2000, 

p. 6). Peninsular bighorn sheep will use 

caves and rock outcrops for shelter 

during inclement weather and for shade 

during summer months. Bighorn sheep 

are primarily diurnal (Krausman et al. 

1985, p. 25), but Peninsular bighorn 

sheep may be active at any time of day 

or night (Miller et al. 1984, p. 24). A 

wide range of forage resources and 

vegetation associations are required by 

this subspecies to meet annual and 

drought-related variations in forage 

quality and availability. In a study of 

Peninsular bighorn sheep, Scott (1986, 

p. 21) found that diets were dominated 

by shrub species, while grasses and 

forbs species made up a smaller portion 

of the Peninsular bighorn sheep’s diet 

depending on the season. Valley floors, 

rolling hills, and alluvial fans and 

washes with productive soils provide 

seasonal vegetation and water resources 

important to the Peninsular bighorn 

sheep, especially for ewes during the 

reproductive season (Service 2000, p. 8). 

Please see the ‘‘Primary Constituent 

Elements’’ section of this proposed rule 

for a detailed discussion of the habitat 

requirements of this subspecies. 

At the time of listing (1998), 

Peninsular bighorn sheep were known 

to occupy habitat along the Peninsular 

Mountain Ranges from the San Jacinto 

Mountains of southern California into 

the Volcan Tres Virgenes Mountains in 

Baja California, Mexico (63 FR 13134; 

March 18, 1998). Population estimates 

at the time indicated approximately 280 

Peninsular bighorn sheep existed within 

the United States, divided amongst 

approximately 8 subpopulations or ewe 

groups (63 FR 13134; March 18, 1998). 

At the time of the final critical habitat 

designation in 2001, a range-wide 

census estimated approximately 400 

Peninsular bighorn sheep existed within 

the United States (Torres 2000, p. 1). We 

have extensive occurrence data 

documenting bighorn sheep within the 

entire range identified in the listing 

rule. Population estimates for 2006, 

derived from data collected by the 

Bighorn Institute, California Department 

of Fish and Game (CDFG), and Anza 

Borrego Desert State Park, indicate 

approximately 793 adult and yearling 

Peninsular bighorn sheep exist within 

the United States (Torres 2007). 

Population estimates for various regions 

within the Peninsular Ranges in 2006 

are as follows: San Jacinto Mountains, 

21; North Santa Rosa Mountains, 49; 

Central Santa Rosa Mountains, 163; 

South Santa Rosa Mountains, 179; 

Coyote Canyon, 42; North San Ysidro 

Mountains, 79; South San Ysidro 

Mountains, 38; Vallecito and Fish Creek 

Mountains, 77; and Carrizo Canyon, 145 

(Torres 2007). 

A captive breeding program has been 

maintained by the Bighorn Institute 

since 1984 in cooperation with CDFG, 

the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), 

and the Service (Ostermann et al. 2001, 

p. 751). Originally instituted to conduct 

disease research on low lamb survival, 

the captive breeding program was 

formalized in 1995, with the goals of 

safeguarding a sample of the Peninsular 

bighorn sheep gene pool and 


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augmenting and reestablishing wild 

populations (Ostermann et al. 2001, p. 

751). Captive-bred Peninsular bighorn 

sheep have been released in the 

northern Santa Rosa Mountains and the 

San Jacinto Mountains (Ostermann et al. 

2001, p. 751), areas historically 

occupied by the subspecies. 

Within the Peninsular Ranges, habitat 

is patchy, and the sheep populations are 

naturally fragmented (Bleich et al. 1990, 

p. 386; Rubin et al. 1998, p. 547). Male 

and female bighorn sheep remain 

loosely segregated much of the year and 

come together during the breeding 

period or rut (Bleich et al. 1997, p. 7). 

In the Peninsular Ranges, the rut occurs 

in the late summer and fall months 

(Service 2000, p. 15), peaking from 

August to October (Rubin et al. 2000, p. 

774). As parturition (giving birth) 

approaches, ewes seek isolated sites 

(escape terrain) with shelter and 

unobstructed views (Turner and Hansen 

1980, p. 148), seclude themselves from 

other females, and find sites to give 

birth (Geist 1971, p. 239; Etchberger and 

Krausman 1999, p. 358). Ewes usually 

give birth to one lamb after an 

approximately 6-month gestation period 

(Geist 1971, p. 239; Turner and Hansen 

1980, p. 146). During the period of 

sexual segregation, ewes and their lambs 

are typically found in steeper, more 

secure habitat, while rams inhabit less 

steep or less rugged terrain (Geist 1971, 

p. 239; Bleich et al. 1997, p. 23). 

Previous Federal Actions 

On February 1, 2001, we designated 

approximately 844,897 ac (341,919 ha) 

of land in Riverside, San Diego, and 

Imperial counties, California, as critical 

habitat. The designation followed the 

Service’s release of the final Recovery 

Plan for Bighorn Sheep in the 

Peninsular Ranges, California (dated 

October 25, 2000). On March 7, 2005, 

the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla 

Indians filed a complaint against the 

Service alleging that the economic 

analysis developed for our 2001 

designation used a methodology similar 

to that ruled to be insufficient by the 

Tenth Circuit Court in New Mexico 

Cattle Growers Association v. U.S. Fish 

and Wildlife Service, 248 F.3d 1277 

(10th Cir. 2001). Other parties 

subsequently intervened as plaintiffs in 

the case. A July 31, 2006, courtapproved consent decree enacted a 

limited partial vacatur of Tribal, mining, 

and Desert Riders lands (29,925 ac 

(12,110 ha)) and remanded the critical 

habitat designation back to the Service 

for new rulemaking. Publication of this 

proposed revision of critical habitat 

satisfies our obligation under the 

consent decree to submit a revised 

proposed rule to the Federal Register on 

or before September 30, 2007. The final 

rule is due to the Federal Register on or 

before September 30, 2008. For more 

information on previous Federal actions 

concerning the Peninsular bighorn 

sheep, refer to the final listing rule 

published in the Federal Register on 

March 18, 1998 (63 FR 13134), and the 

designation of critical habitat for the 

Peninsular bighorn sheep published in 

the Federal Register on February 1, 

2001 (66 FR 8650). 

Critical Habitat 

Critical habitat is defined in section 3 

of the Act as: 

(1) The specific areas within the 

geographical area occupied by a species, 

at the time it is listed in accordance 

with the Act, on which are found those 

physical or biological features 

(a) Essential to the conservation of the 

species and 

(b) That may require special 

management considerations or 

protection; and 

(2) Specific areas outside the 

geographical area occupied by a species 

at the time it is listed, upon a 

determination that such areas are 

essential for the conservation of the 

species. 

Conservation, as defined under 

section 3 of the Act, means the use of 

all methods and procedures that are 

necessary to bring any endangered 

species or threatened species to the 

point at which the measures provided 

under the Act are no longer necessary. 

Critical habitat receives protection 

under section 7 of the Act through the 

prohibition against Federal agencies 

carrying out, funding, or authorizing the 

destruction or adverse modification of 

critical habitat. Section 7(a)(2) of the Act 

requires consultation on Federal actions 

that may affect critical habitat. The 

designation of critical habitat does not 

affect land ownership or establish a 

refuge, wilderness, reserve, preserve, or 

other conservation area. Such 

designation does not allow the 

government or public to access private 

lands. Such designation does not 

require implementation of restoration, 

recovery, or enhancement measures by 

the landowner. Where the landowner 

seeks or requests federal agency funding 

or authorization that may affect a listed 

species or critical habitat, the 

consultation requirements of Section 

7(a)(2) would apply, but even in the 

event of a destruction or adverse 

modification finding, the landowner’s 

obligation is not to restore or recover the 

species, but to implement reasonable 

and prudent alternatives to avoid 

destruction or adverse modification of 

critical habitat. 

For inclusion in a critical habitat 

designation, habitat within the 

geographical area occupied by the 

species at the time it was listed must 

first have features that are essential to 

the conservation of the species. Critical 

habitat designations identify, to the 

extent known using the best scientific 

data available, habitat areas that provide 

essential life cycle needs of the species 

(areas on which are found the primary 

constituent elements, as defined at 50 

CFR 424.12(b)). 

Occupied habitat that contains the 

features essential to the conservation of 

the species meets the definition of 

critical habitat only if its essential 

features may require special 

management considerations or 

protection. 

Under the Act, we can designate 

unoccupied areas as critical habitat only 

when we determine that the best 

available scientific data demonstrate 

that the designation of that area is 

essential to the conservation needs of 

the species. 

Section 4 of the Act requires that we 

designate critical habitat on the basis of 

the best scientific and commercial data 

available. Further, our Policy on 

Information Standards Under the 

Endangered Species Act (published in 

the Federal Register on July 1, 1994 (59 

FR 34271)), the Information Quality Act 

(section 515 of the Treasury and General 

Government Appropriations Act for 

Fiscal Year 2001 (Pub. L. 106–554; H.R. 

5658)), and our associated Information 

Quality Guidelines provide criteria, 

establish procedures, and provide 

guidance to ensure that our decisions 

are based on the best scientific data 

available. They require our biologists, to 

the extent consistent with the Act and 

with the use of the best scientific data 

available, to use primary and original 

sources of information as the basis for 

recommendations to designate critical 

habitat. 

When we are determining which areas 

should be proposed as critical habitat, 

our primary source of information is 

generally the information developed 

during the listing process for the 

species. Additional information sources 

may include the recovery plan for the 

species, articles in peer-reviewed 

journals, conservation plans developed 

by States and counties, scientific status 

surveys and studies, biological 

assessments, or other unpublished 

materials and expert opinion or 

personal knowledge. 

Habitat is often dynamic, and species 

may move from one area to another over 

time. Furthermore, we recognize that 


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designation of critical habitat may not 

include all of the habitat areas that we 

may eventually determine, based on 

scientific data not now available to the 

Service, are necessary for the recovery 

of the species. For these reasons, a 

critical habitat designation does not 

signal that habitat outside the 

designated area is unimportant or may 

not be required for recovery of the 

species. 

Areas that support populations, but 

are outside the critical habitat 

designation, will continue to be subject 

to conservation actions we implement 

under section 7(a)(1) of the Act. They 

are also subject to the regulatory 

protections afforded by the section 

7(a)(2) jeopardy standard, as determined 

on the basis of the best available 

scientific information at the time of the 

agency action. Federally funded or 

permitted projects affecting listed 

species outside their designated critical 

habitat areas may still result in jeopardy 

findings in some cases. Similarly, 

critical habitat designations made on the 

basis of the best available information at 

the time of designation will not control 

the direction and substance of future 

recovery plans, habitat conservation 

plans (HCPs), or other species 

conservation planning efforts if new 

information available to these planning 

efforts calls for a different outcome. 

Methods 

As required by section 4(b) of the Act, 

we used the best scientific data 

available in determining areas occupied 

at the time of listing that contain the 

features essential to the conservation of 

the Peninsular bighorn sheep, and areas 

unoccupied at the time of listing that are 

essential to the conservation of the 

Peninsular bighorn sheep, or both. 

Material reviewed included information 

from the final listing rule (63 FR 13134; 

March 18, 1998) and final critical 

habitat rule (66 FR 8650; February 1, 

2001), information and survey 

observations published in peerreviewed literature and provided in 

academic theses and agency reports; 

location data and survey information 

provided in agency status and 

monitoring reports and on GIS maps; 

habitat analysis and other information 

provided in the Peninsular bighorn 

sheep recovery plan (Service 2000); 

material submitted during section 7 

consultations; data made available 

through members of the Peninsular 

Bighorn Sheep Recovery Team, 

Coachella Valley Multiple Species 

Habitat Conservation Plan program, and 

Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians 

Tribal Habitat Conservation Plan 

program; and regional GIS coverages. 

We are not proposing any areas outside 

the geographical area presently 

occupied by the Peninsular bighorn 

sheep as revised critical habitat because 

presently occupied areas are sufficient 

for the conservation of the subspecies. 

Primary Constituent Elements 

In accordance with section 3(5)(A)(i) 

of the Act and the regulations at 50 CFR 

424.12, in determining which areas 

occupied at the time of listing to 

propose as critical habitat, we consider 

the primary constituent elements (PCEs) 

to be those physical and biological 

features that are essential to the 

conservation of the species and that may 

require special management 

considerations or protection. These 

include, but are not limited to: 

(1) Space for individual and 

population growth and for normal 

behavior; 

(2) Food, water, air, light, minerals, or 

other nutritional or physiological 

requirements; 

(3) Cover or shelter; 

(4) Sites for breeding, reproduction, or 

rearing (or development) of offspring; 

and 

(5) Habitats that are protected from 

disturbance or are representative of the 

historic geographical and ecological 

distributions of a species. 

We derive the specific primary 

constituent elements (PCEs) required for 

the Peninsular bighorn sheep from its 

biological needs. 

Space for Individual and Population 

Growth and for Normal Behavior 

Peninsular bighorn sheep occur on 

moderately steep to very steep open 

slopes, canyons, and washes in hot and 

dry desert regions where the land is 

rough and rocky, and sparsely vegetated 

(66 FR 8650; February 1, 2001). This 

subspecies is primarily restricted to the 

east-facing lower elevation slopes 

(generally below 4,600 ft (1,400 m)) of 

the Peninsular Ranges along the 

northwestern edge of the Sonoran Desert 

(Jorgensen and Turner 1975, p. 51; 

DeForge et al. 1997, p. 11; Rubin et al. 

1998, p. 541; Ernest et al. 2002, p. 76). 

A wide range of topography provides a 

diversity of habitats and plant 

communities across the mountainous 

slopes, canyons, washes, and alluvial 

fans within the home range of the 

Peninsular bighorn sheep (Service 2000, 

p. 156). This diverse topography is 

necessary to provide shelter from the 

elements and predators, areas for 

rearing, areas used to meet thermal 

requirements, seasonal water and forage 

sources, and space for mating and 

movement of this subspecies. 

Diverse topographic features are 

especially important because of the 

extreme temperatures Peninsular 

bighorn sheep must cope with in this 

desert region. During hot weather, 

desert bighorn sheep seek shade under 

boulders and cliffs, or move to northfacing slopes (Merritt 1974, p. 14; 

Andrew 1994, p. 52). In the event of 

inclement weather they may seek 

protected caves or overhangs, or move 

to sunny, south-facing slopes (Andrew 

1994, p. 52), or slopes that are protected 

from strong winds. According to GIS 

data and occurrence records, Peninsular 

bighorn sheep largely utilize habitat 

with 20 to 60 percent slopes, broken by 

canyons and washes. The preference for 

slopes greater than 20 percent has been 

shown in other populations of desert 

sheep as well (Andrew 1994, p. 53). 

Nighttime bedding areas are chosen 

carefully according to the topography of 

the habitat and may be considered a 

limiting factor in bighorn sheep 

distribution (Hansen 1980, p. 78). These 

bedding areas are usually located along 

ridges and spurs with long distance 

visibility where bighorn sheep can 

escape if necessary in a matter of 

seconds (Hansen 1980, p. 78). 

Generally, bighorn sheep primarily 

rely on their sense of sight to detect 

predators. They prefer the lower 

elevations of the Peninsular Ranges 

where the vegetation associations are 

less dense and provide better visibility 

than those at higher elevations. 

Research has shown that bighorn sheep 

will avoid habitat in which dense 

vegetation reduces visibility and 

regularly use habitat with vegetative 

canopy cover less than or equal to 30 

percent (Risenhoover and Bailey 1985, 

p. 799; Etchberger et al. 1989, p. 906; 

Dunn 1996, p. 1). Bighorn sheep in the 

Peninsular Ranges avoid higher 

elevations (above 4,600 ft (1,400 m)), 

likely due to decreased visibility (and 

therefore increased predation risk) 

associated with the denser vegetation 

(chaparral and conifer woodland) found 

at higher elevations (Service 2000, 

p. 10). 

Along with occupying open habitat, 

bighorn sheep also use very steep, 

precipitous terrain for predator evasion 

(Service 2000, p. 6). Bighorn sheep use 

their climbing abilities rather than 

speed to escape from predators, and 

mountainous slopes of greater than or 

equal to 60 percent (escape habitat) are 

steep enough to provide this function 

(Andrew 1994, p. 57; Dunn 1996, p. 1; 

McKinney et al. 2003, p. 1231; Service 

2000, p. 6). Very steep escape habitat is 

also used for lambing (Service 2000, p. 

6). As parturition approaches, ewes seek 

isolated sites (escape terrain with slopes 


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60 percent or greater) with shelter and 

unobstructed views (Turner and Hansen 

1980, p. 148), and seclude themselves 

from other females while finding sites to 

give birth (Geist 1971, p. 239; Etchberger 

and Krausman 1999, p. 358). Ewes 

usually give birth to one lamb born after 

an approximately 6-month gestation 

period (Geist 1971, p. 239; Turner and 

Hansen 1980, p. 146). These areas of 

steep and very steep terrain are vital to 

Peninsular bighorn sheep because lambs 

have increased vulnerability to 

predation, and these protective slopes 

are rarely visited by predators (Geist 

1971, p. 239). Ewe groups with lambs 

usually stay close to escape terrain, 

while feeding on lower gradient slopes. 

Berger (1991, p. 72) reported that when 

feeding on bajadas (compound alluvial 

fans) or away from escape terrain, ewes 

and lambs were more than three times 

more vulnerable to predation. Predators 

of Peninsular bighorn sheep include 

mountain lion, bobcat, and coyote 

(Hayes et al. 2000, p. 954; 66 FR 8650). 

Metapopulation Structure 

Within desert mountain ranges like 

the Peninsular Ranges, bighorn sheep 

habitat is patchy, and the population 

structure is naturally fragmented (Bleich 

et al. 1990, p. 384). This fragmentation 

has led to the application of a broad 

landscape approach to their population 

ecology, grouping geographically 

distinct herds into metapopulations, 

which are networks of interacting ewe 

groups or subpopulations (Schwartz et 

al. 1986, pp. 182–183; Bleich et al. 1990, 

p. 386). This approach considers longterm viability not of individual 

subpopulations, but rather of entire 

metapopulations; thus both genetic and 

demographic factors are considered. 

Decreasing population sizes can lead to 

decreasing levels of heterozygosity that 

may have negative demographic effects 

through inbreeding depression (Lande 

1988, p. 1,456) and loss of adaptability. 

A small amount of genetic exchange 

among herds by movements of males 

can counteract inbreeding and 

associated increases in homozygosity 

that might otherwise develop within 

small, isolated populations (Schwartz et 

al. 1986, p. 185). Males have larger 

home ranges and have a much greater 

tendency than females to explore new 

areas, which they may do in search of 

females during the mating season. If 

geographic distances between female 

groups within metapopulations are not 

extreme (greater than 31 miles (mi) 50 

kilometers (km) (Witham and Smith 

1979, p. 24)), and no insurmountable 

barriers exist, movement by males 

occurs readily. If movement is 

precluded by human-constructed 

obstacles, populations will become 

isolated and the metapopulation 

structure dismantled. 

A study of Peninsular bighorn sheep 

distribution and abundance by Rubin et 

al. (1998, p. 545) concluded that ewes 

exhibit a fragmented distribution within 

the Peninsular Ranges making up at 

least eight ewe groups or 

subpopulations. It is suggested that 

although the distribution of these ewe 

groups could be considered naturally 

fragmented, construction and use of 

roads through bighorn sheep habitat 

may have increased fragmentation 

within the Peninsular Ranges because 

ewes avoided crossing highways (Rubin 

et al. 1998, p. 547). Ewes show strong 

gregarious and philopatric behavior 

(faithful to natal home range), which 

limits their dispersal abilities (Boyce et 

al. 1999, p. 99; Service 2000, p. 10). 

Movement of ewes between ewe groups 

appears infrequent, but direct 

observation and aerial-telemetry 

locations and genetic analysis revealed 

ram movement between up to three ewe 

groups (Boyce et al. 1999, p. 99; Rubin 

et al. 1998, pp. 543–544). 

Substructuring also can occur within 

single herds (ewe groups) of bighorn 

sheep (Festa-Bianchet 1986, pp. 327–

330; Andrew et al. 1997, pp. 74–75; 

Rubin et al. 1998, pp. 543–548). Such 

substructuring is defined by separate 

home range patterns. Although 

demonstrated more with females, it can 

occur in both sexes. 

Another important long-term process 

in metapopulation dynamics is the 

balance between rates of natural 

extinction and colonization among 

subpopulations. Colonization rates must 

exceed extinction rates for a 

metapopulation to persist (Hanski and 

Gilpin 1991, pp. 8–9). In recent history 

this balance has not occurred for 

Peninsular bighorn sheep due to 

fragmentation, disease, predation, and 

low recruitment (Rubin et al. 1998, pp. 

545–547; Rubin et al. 2002, p. 803–805). 

In addition to fragmentation, remaining 

subpopulations consist of small, 

isolated groups of bighorn sheep. Small 

groups are more vulnerable to 

extirpation due to random naturally 

occurring events, disease, or predation 

because of their small population size. 

Local extinction of small 

subpopulations can be prevented by 

occasional immigrants from neighboring 

subpopulations (rescue effect) (Brown 

and Kodric-Brown 1977, p. 445). 

Because of the metapopulation 

structure of the Peninsular bighorn 

sheep population, it is important for 

genetic exchange and the conservation 

of the subspecies to ensure space for 

movement and connectivity between 

ewe groups. Furthermore, maintaining 

connectivity within the metapopulation 

will help safeguard against local 

extinctions of the remaining 

subpopulations. 

Food 

A wide range of forage resources and 

vegetation associations are required by 

Peninsular bighorn sheep to meet 

annual and drought-related variations in 

forage quality and availability (Hansen 

1980, p. 76). Valley floors, rolling hills, 

and alluvial fans and washes with 

productive soils provide seasonal 

vegetation and water resources 

important to the Peninsular bighorn 

sheep. In a mountainous environment 

like the Peninsular Ranges, temperature 

and soil moisture vary widely with 

slope and elevation. This causes 

variation in plant growth throughout 

this subspecies’ habitat on a seasonal 

basis. Peninsular bighorn sheep need to 

have access to the seasonal abundance 

of plant life at various elevations to 

maximize resources and survive in the 

desert environment. Berger (1991, p. 70) 

found that bighorn sheep adjusted their 

feeding ranges to exploit more nutritive 

portions of their home ranges, such as 

bajadas, early in the season when high 

protein grasses were emerging. Due to 

the high energetic costs of pregnancy 

and lactation, ewes are especially 

dependent on areas with nutritious 

forage to increase success of rearing 

offspring (Service 2000, p. 8). Berbach 

(1987, p. 97) reported that when ewes 

were confined to an enclosure and 

prevented from using all vegetation 

associations during late gestation and 

early lactation, they and their lambs 

died of malnutrition. During the 

reproductive season for Peninsular 

bighorn sheep, ewe foraging is typically 

concentrated on specific sites, such as 

alluvial fans, bajadas, and washes, 

where more productive, wetter soils 

support greater herbaceous growth than 

steeper, drier, rockier soils (Service 

2000, p. 8). There is a tendency for 

plants that dry out during summer 

months on the mountain sides to remain 

green longer (and thus more nutritious, 

higher in protein, and more easily 

digested) because groundwater is 

generally closer to the surface and in 

greater quantity. Furthermore, the 

greater soil moisture supports a suite of 

nutritious plants that do not grow on the 

dry mountain sides. Therefore, washes 

and alluvial fans play an important role 

in allowing desert bighorn sheep to 

acquire quality forage during the heat of 

summer months and through times of 

drought. 

In a study of Peninsular bighorn 

sheep, Scott (1986, p. 21) found that 


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diets were dominated by shrub species 

(64 to 76 percent), with grasses and 

forbs species making up a smaller 

portion of the diet (19 to 30 percent and 

2 to 6 percent, respectively). In the 

following section, plant nomenclature 

has been updated to conform to 

treatments in Hickman (1993). Common 

names generally conform with those 

given in Hickman (1993) and/or Abrams 

et al. (1992–1960). Cited scientific 

names are retained in brackets for ease 

of reference. Foraging studies by Scott 

(1986, p. 21) and Cunningham (1982, p. 

31) noted that Peninsular bighorn sheep 

preferentially feed on different plants 

seasonally. Shrubs such as Ambrosia 

dumosa (burro bush), Caesalpinia 

virgata [Hoffmannseggia microphylla] 

(small-leaved Hoffmannseggia), Hyptis 

emoryi (desert lavender), Sphaeralcea 

spp. (globemallow), and Simmondsia 

chinensis (joboba) are a primary food 

source year round; grasses such as 

Aristida adscensionis (sixweeks 

threeawn) and Bromus rubens (red 

brome) along with cacti Opuntia spp. 

(cholla) are a primary food source in the 

fall; forbs such as Plantago spp. (woolly 

plantain), Plantago ovata [insularis] var. 

fastigiata (woolly plantain), and Ditaxis 

neomexicana (common ditaxis) are a 

primary food source in the spring. 

However, Peninsular bighorn sheep are 

generalist foragers, and will browse on 

a wide variety of plant species 

depending on seasonal availability. 

Other plants reportedly consumed by 

Peninsular bighorn sheep include 

Ephedra spp. (Mormon tea), Agave 

deserti (desert agave), Quercus spp. 

(scrub oak), Phoradendron californicum 

(desert mistletoe), Eriogonum 

fasciculatum (California buckwheat), 

Prunus fremontii (desert apricot), 

Acacia greggii (catclaw), Prosopis 

juliflora (mesquite), Krameria grayi 

(ratany), and Malosma laurina (laurelleaf sumac) (Browning and Monson 

1980, p. 88). 

Water 

In the Peninsular Ranges, the 

presence of perennial water is known to 

be a limiting factor only during 

prolonged droughts or summers without 

significant thunderstorm activity 

(Service 2000, p. 156). Water sources are 

most valuable to bighorn sheep if they 

occur in proximity to escape terrain 

with good visibility (Service 2000, p. 9). 

However, bighorn sheep have been 

observed to travel at least 10 mi (16 km) 

from sources of perennial water. 

According to Service biologists familiar 

with the subspecies, bighorn sheep 

usually visit a water source every 2 to 

3 days, but it is not unusual for them to 

drink more often. During the hot 

summer months, desert bighorn sheep 

typically stay close to reliable sources of 

water and drink large quantities of water 

at a time. It has been hypothesized that 

desert bighorn sheep can survive 

without a permanent water source, 

although this view is not widely 

accepted (Turner and Weaver 1980, p. 

104). In desert ranges like the 

Peninsular Ranges, rainwater can collect 

in natural collection tanks and potholes 

in the rock and provide seasonal or 

perennial water sources. Natural springs 

also provide a reliable source of water 

for Peninsular bighorn sheep. Desert 

sheep also rely on consuming 

vegetation, including cacti, to meet 

water requirements when standing 

water sources are scarce (Turner and 

Weaver 1980, p. 102). Water is 

especially important to lactating ewes, 

as they need sufficient water to produce 

milk. Water sources contribute greatly to 

the Peninsular bighorn sheep’s ability to 

survive the hot and dry summer 

months. 

Primary Constituent Elements for the 

Peninsular Bighorn Sheep 

Within the geographical area 

occupied by the Peninsular bighorn 

sheep at the time of listing, we must 

identify the PCEs that may require 

special management considerations or 

protection. 

Based on the above needs and our 

current knowledge of the life history, 

biology, and ecology of the subspecies, 

we have determined that the Peninsular 

bighorn sheep’s PCEs are: 

(1) Moderate to steep, open slopes (20 

to 60 percent) and canyons, with canopy 

cover of 30 percent or less (below 4,600 

feet (1,402 meters) elevation in the 

Peninsular Ranges) that provide space 

for sheltering, predator detection, 

rearing of young, foraging and watering, 

mating, and movement within and 

between ewe groups. 

(2) Presence of a variety of forage 

plants, indicated by the presence of 

shrubs (e.g., Ambrosia spp., Caesalpinia 

spp., Hyptis spp., Sphaeralcea spp., 

Simmondsia spp.), that provide a 

primary food source year round, grasses 

(e.g., Aristida spp., Bromus spp.) and 

cacti (e.g., Opuntia spp.) that provide a 

source of forage in the fall, and forbs 

(e.g., Plantago spp., Ditaxis spp.) that 

provide a source of forage in the spring. 

(3) Steep, rugged, slopes (60 percent 

slope or greater) (below 4,600 feet (1,402 

meters) elevation in the Peninsular 

Ranges) that provide secluded space for 

lambing as well as terrain for predator 

evasion. 

(4) Alluvial fans, washes, and valley 

bottoms that provide important foraging 

areas where nutritious and digestible 

plants can be more readily found during 

times of drought and lactation and that 

provide and maintain habitat 

connectivity by serving as travel routes 

between and within ewe groups, 

adjacent mountain ranges, and 

important resources areas, such as 

foraging areas and escape terrain. 

(5) Intermittent and permanent water 

sources that are available during 

extended dry periods and that provide 

relatively nutritious plants and drinking 

water. 

This proposed revision to currently 

designated critical habitat for the 

Peninsular bighorn sheep is designed 

for the conservation of PCEs necessary 

to support the life history functions that 

are the basis for our proposal and the 

areas containing those PCEs. 

We propose units for designation 

based on sufficient PCEs being present 

to support at least one of the subspecies’

life history functions. For this 

subspecies, all of the units proposed 

contain all of the PCEs and support the 

multiple essential life history functions 

identified above. 

Special Management Considerations or 

Protection 

When designating critical habitat, we 

assess whether the occupied areas 

contain the features that are essential to 

the conservation of the subspecies and 

that may require special management 

considerations or protection. We have 

also considered how revising the 

current critical habitat designation for 

the Peninsular bighorn sheep highlights 

habitat that needs special management 

considerations or protection. 

Peninsular bighorn sheep habitat and 

the PCEs upon which the sheep 

depends are threatened by the direct 

and indirect effects of: Development and 

expansion of urban areas; human 

disturbance related to recreation; 

construction of roadways and power 

lines; and mineral extraction and 

mining operations. 

The development and expansion of 

urban and associated industrial areas 

threaten Peninsular bighorn sheep and 

their habitat through direct and indirect 

effects. Habitat loss (especially in 

canyon bottoms), degradation, and 

fragmentation associated with the 

proliferation of residential and 

commercial development, roads and 

highways, water projects, and vehicular 

and pedestrian recreational uses 

threaten the Peninsular bighorn sheep 

throughout its range (63 FR 13134; 

March 18, 1998). The cities that occur 

along the eastern boundary of proposed 

revised critical habitat, from the base of 

the San Jacinto and Santa Rosa 

Mountains to the Salton Sea area (Units 


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1 and 2A), continue to grow. 

Development adjacent to and within 

Peninsular bighorn sheep habitat affects 

the quality and quantity of lower 

elevation habitat and associated 

vegetation, alluvial fans, and water 

sources (PCEs 1, 2, 4, and 5). By 2000, 

at least 18,500 ac (7,490 ha) of suitable 

Peninsular bighorn sheep habitat had 

been lost to urbanization and agriculture 

along the urban interface between the 

cities of Palm Springs and La Quinta 

(Service 2000, p. 38). Much of the lost 

habitat consisted of low elevation 

alluvial fans and washes that provided 

important sources of nutrients to ewes 

when they are rearing their lambs (PCE 

2 and 4) (66 FR 8650; February 1, 2001). 

Moreover, in the northern Santa Rosa 

Mountains, from 1991 to 1996, 34 

percent of adult mortalities appear to 

have been directly caused by 

urbanization (66 FR 8650; February 1, 

2001). Five Peninsular bighorn sheep 

were killed by cars; five died from 

feeding on toxic, nonnative ornamental 

plants; and one was strangled in a wire 

fence (DeForge and Ostermann 1997, 

p. 1). 

Continued urban and commercial 

development within the range of 

Peninsular bighorn sheep could 

fragment the Peninsular bighorn sheep 

metapopulation into isolated groups too 

small to maintain long-term viability. 

Maintenance of genetic diversity allows 

small ewe groups like those in the 

Peninsular Ranges to persist. The 

inability of rams and occasional ewes to 

move between groups erodes the genetic 

fitness of isolated groups (PCE 1 and 4) 

(63 FR 13134; March 18, 1998). Special 

management considerations or 

protection may be needed to alleviate 

the effects of development on 

Peninsular bighorn sheep habitat, 

especially lower elevation habitat, 

alluvial fans, and areas of possible ewe 

group connectivity near urban areas. 

This protection could be accomplished 

by controlling the expansion of urban, 

industrial, and agricultural development 

into these areas. 

In the Peninsular Ranges (Units 1, 2 

and 3), increased activity and 

disturbance adjacent to, and within 

Peninsular bighorn sheep habitat are 

adversely affecting bighorn sheep by 

altering their normal behavior. This 

altered behavior can lead to 

abandonment of habitat and prevent use 

of preferred habitat, including lambing 

areas, water sources, and foraging areas, 

and cause negative physiological effects 

(PCE 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) (66 FR 8650; 63 

FR 13134). A variety of human 

activities, such as hiking, mountain 

biking, horseback riding, camping, 

hunting, livestock grazing, and use of 

aircraft and off-road vehicles, have the 

potential to disrupt normal bighorn 

sheep social behaviors. Special 

management considerations or 

protection may be needed to alleviate 

the effects of human activity and 

disturbance to Peninsular bighorn 

sheep. Restricting human use of trail 

systems and natural areas during 

lambing season and exclusionary 

fencing around urban areas may reduce 

human effects on Peninsular bighorn 

sheep behavior. 

Roadways and power line structures 

occur in, and are proposed for 

construction within, Peninsular bighorn 

sheep habitat. Two major highways run 

through the Peninsular Ranges and 

fragment bighorn sheep habitat. In the 

northern portion of the Peninsular 

Ranges, State Route 74 runs through the 

Santa Rosa Mountains (Unit 2A). 

Further south, State Route 78 cuts 

through habitat between the San Ysidro 

Mountains and Pinyon Mountains (Unit 

2B). These roadways have degraded 

habitat and have generally impeded the 

movement of Peninsular bighorn sheep 

(especially ewes) between ewe groups in 

the surrounding areas (PCE 1, 2, 3, 4, 

and 5) (Rubin et al. 1998, p. 547), which 

can erode the genetic fitness of isolated 

groups (63 FR 13134; March 18, 1998). 

However, some movement has been 

documented across State Route 74 

(Service 2004, pp. 1–2). Epps et al. 

(2005, p. 1035) showed that nuclear 

genetic diversity of desert bighorn sheep 

populations was negatively correlated 

with the presence of human-made 

barriers (highways), which essentially 

eliminated dispersal. Furthermore, in 

some portions of their range, collisions 

with automobiles can be a significant 

cause of Peninsular bighorn sheep 

mortality (DeForge and Ostermann 

1997, p. 1). The construction of power 

lines and associated structures may also 

degrade and fragment bighorn sheep 

habitat. Currently, a large power line 

(Sunrise Powerlink) is proposed for 

construction through Unit 2B along 

Highway 78. Special management 

considerations or protection may be 

needed to alleviate the effects of 

roadway and power line structures on 

Peninsular bighorn sheep and their 

habitat. Future construction of roadways 

and power lines should be avoided, and 

if unavoidable, should be constructed in 

a way that minimizes effects to habitat 

and allows for continued connectivity 

among ewe groups. 

Mining operations occur within 

southern portions of the habitat used by 

Peninsular bighorn sheep. Mining 

activities and associated facilities 

threaten Peninsular bighorn sheep by 

causing the loss of vegetation structure 

required for foraging activities and 

destroying habitats used for escape, 

bedding, lambing, or connectivity 

between ranges (PCE 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5). 

Disturbance could modify the sheep’s 

behavior or cause bighorn sheep to flee 

an area. Mining occurs within the 

habitat of Peninsular bighorn sheep in 

Units 2B and 3. Special management 

considerations or protection may be 

needed to alleviate the effects of mining 

operations on Peninsular bighorn sheep 

habitat. Further mining operations 

should avoid to the maximum extent 

possible, areas considered essential to 

Peninsular bighorn sheep conservation. 

Criteria Used To Identify Critical 

Habitat 

All proposed revised critical habitat 

units are within areas that we have 

determined were occupied at the time of 

listing, and that contain sufficient PCEs 

to support the life history functions 

essential for the conservation of the 

subspecies. Lands were proposed for 

designation based on sufficient PCEs 

being present to support the life 

processes. 

We used the following data to 

delineate proposed revised critical 

habitat: (1) Areas known to be occupied 

at the time of listing (1998) and 

currently occupied; (2) areas within the 

ewe group distribution (subpopulations) 

boundaries identified by Rubin et al. 

(1998); (3) areas where occupancy data 

points indicate repeated Peninsular 

bighorn sheep use, but which were not 

captured within the ewe groups 

distribution boundaries identified by 

Rubin et al. (1998); and (4) areas that 

contain the PCEs required by the 

subspecies as determined from aerial 

imagery and GIS data on vegetation, 

elevation, and slope. 

We also gathered information from 

our files, staff biologists, the California 

Department of Fish and Game, the 

Bighorn Institute, and Dr. Ester Rubin. 

Our proposed revision to critical habitat 

is designed to capture ewe groups; 

lambing areas; foraging areas, including 

alluvial fans; water sources; ram groups; 

and areas used for associated herd 

(male, female, and young) movements 

and migrations. 

We delineated the proposed revised 

critical habitat boundaries using the 

following steps: 

(1) As a first step in the delineation 

process, we mapped ewe group areas 

from Rubin et al. (1998) over GIS 

imagery of the Peninsular Ranges to 

delineate the distribution of ewe groups 

in the proposed revised critical habitat. 

We consider Rubin et al. (1998) to be the 

best available data on Peninsular 

bighorn sheep ewe group distribution. 


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Rubin et al. (1998) examined the 

population structure, distribution, and 

abundance of Peninsular bighorn sheep 

in California using observational data 

from radio-collared and uncollared male 

(ram) and female (ewe) sheep between 

1971 and 1996. This is the only data we 

are aware of that identifies the 

distribution of ewe groups and 

subgroups within the Peninsular 

Ranges. 

(2) To ensure that Rubin et al. (1998, 

pp. 539–561) still accurately represents 

the boundaries of the ewe groups and to 

capture possible ram movement, we 

compared the ewe group delineation 

from Rubin et al. (1998, pp. 539–561) 

with all occupancy data collected since 

the time of listing on GIS imagery maps. 

We then expanded the ewe group 

delineation to include areas where 

occupancy data points indicate repeated 

Peninsular bighorn sheep use and recent 

sheep movements (post Rubin et al. 

1998, pp. 539–561), and areas that 

contain the PCEs for Peninsular bighorn 

sheep. In particular, we expanded the 

northernmost ewe group delineation 

(San Jacinto Mountains) to include the 

area north of Chino Canyon where (1) 

we have evidence of recent ewe and ram 

movements and (2) the Bighorn Institute 

has released, and continues to release, 

captive-born sheep to help recover this 

subspecies. We also expanded the 

southernmost ewe group delineation 

(Carizzo Canyon area) to the south to 

capture water sources (PCE 5), including 

habitat near the Interstate 8-State Route 

98 split, where there are consistent, 

recent sightings of uncollared 

Peninsular bighorn sheep. 

(3) We then examined all pre-listing 

occurrence data in our files to determine 

if our revised critical habitat missed any 

areas of historical repeated Peninsular 

bighorn sheep use. We identified an 

area of historical repeated use that was 

occupied at the time of listing between 

two ewe subgroups documented in 

Rubin et al. (1998, pp. 539–561) as (1) 

Santa Rosa Mountains east of State 

Route 74 (Martinez Canyon) and (2) 

Santa Rosa Mountains east of State 

Route 74 (south)). Use of this area is 

consistent with the Rubin et al. (1998, 

pp. 539–561) demographic study, which 

indicated possible connectivity between 

these subgroups through this area. This 

area is important in light of genetic 

findings by Boyce et al. (1999, pp. 99–

106) that indicate ewe groups within 

these ranges maintain genetic 

connectivity, probably through malemediated nuclear gene flow. Based on 

the importance of this area for 

connectivity between subgroups, we 

expanded the proposed revised critical 

habitat boundaries to include areas 

where occupancy data points indicate 

historically occupied habitat. Since the 

number of occurrence data points in 

historically occupied areas is relatively 

small, we delineated the unit 

boundaries in these areas to follow the 

boundaries of the PCEs, such as 

elevations below 4,600 ft (1,400 m), 

areas with 30 percent canopy cover or 

less, escape terrain, alluvial fans, 

washes, and water sources immediately 

adjacent to the identified ewe groups. 

(4) As a final step in refining our 

delineation, we closely examined our 

revised units to ensure they capture all 

of the PCEs to support life history 

functions essential for the conservation 

of the subspecies. Where appropriate, 

we expanded the boundaries to capture 

the extent of an alluvial fan or water 

source (PCE 4 or 5, respectively). We 

also removed areas that we determined 

do not contain the PCEs or otherwise do 

not contain suitable Peninsular bighorn 

sheep habitat, such as areas above 4,600 

ft (1,400 m) elevation (PCE 1), areas 

containing conifer woodland with 

canopy cover greater than 30 percent 

(PCE 1), and slopes less than 20 percent 

(PCE 1), unless those areas overlapped 

specifically with Rubin et al.’s (1998, 

pp. 539–561) ewe group distributions 

and had documented use by Peninsular 

bighorn sheep. 

On May 22, 2007, Drs. Esther Rubin 

and Walter Boyce, in cooperation with 

Steve Torres and Chris Stermer of the 

California Department of Fish and 

Game, submitted a draft predictive 

habitat model for bighorn sheep in the 

Peninsular Ranges. We did not adopt 

this predictive habitat model to 

delineate critical habitat because the 

model was submitted in draft form, 

prior to final steps of model validation 

and peer review, and model 

development was based on just two 

years of Global Positioning System 

(GPS) data (Rubin 2007, p. 2); 

nevertheless, the model supports our 

proposed delineation. Areas we are 

designating roughly fall within the 

upper level habitat suitability classes 

derived from the preliminary model. 

When determining the proposed 

revisions to critical habitat boundaries 

within this proposed rule, we made 

every effort to avoid including 

developed areas such as buildings, 

paved areas, and other structures that 

lack PCEs for the Peninsular bighorn 

sheep. The scale of the maps we 

prepared under the parameters for 

publication within the Code of Federal 

Regulations may not reflect the 

exclusion of such developed areas. Any 

such structures and the land under them 

inadvertently left inside critical habitat 

boundaries shown on the maps of this 

proposed revision to critical habitat 

have been excluded by text in the 

proposed rule and are not proposed for 

designation as revised critical habitat. 

Therefore, Federal actions limited to 

these areas would not trigger section 7 

consultation, unless they may affect the 

subspecies or primary constituent 

elements in adjacent critical habitat. 

Summary of Proposed Changes From 

Previously Designated Critical Habitat 

The areas identified in this proposed 

rule constitute a proposed revision to 

the areas we designated as critical 

habitat for the Peninsular bighorn sheep 

on February 1, 2001 (66 FR 8650). The 

main differences include the following: 

(1) The 2001 final rule used a 

generalized methodology for delineating 

critical habitat that resulted in the 

designation of one critical habitat unit 

for Peninsular bighorn sheep totaling 

844,897 ac (341,919 ha) (66 FR 8650; 

February 1, 2001). This proposed 

revision is based on a more specific 

methodology that resulted in three 

critical habitat units including 

approximately 384,410 ac (155,564 ha) 

of land in Riverside, San Diego, and 

Imperial counties, California, a 

reduction of 460,487 ac (186,355 ha) 

from the 2001 final rule (66 FR 8650). 

The areas included in this proposed 

revised critical habitat are almost 

entirely within the boundaries of the 

existing (2001) critical habitat. There are 

approximately 72 ac (29 ha) of BLM 

land in Unit 3 that are outside the 

boundary of the 2001 critical habitat. 

The reduction in total area from the 

2001 final critical habitat designation is 

primarily the result of using a revised 

methodology to delineate critical habitat 

in this proposed revision. In our 2001 

final critical habitat designation, we 

delineated critical habitat based on the 

methodology used in the Recovery Plan 

for Bighorn Sheep in the Peninsular 

Ranges, California (Service 2000). 

In developing this proposed revision, 

we reexamined the methodology 

outlined in the 2000 recovery plan and 

the 2001 critical habitat designation, 

and updated that methodology based on 

the best available information to 

identify areas essential for the 

conservation of the subspecies (see 

‘‘Criteria Used To Identify Critical 

Habitat’’ section). Since publication of 

the 2000 recovery plan and the 2001 

critical habitat designation, more 

specific and up-to-date information has 

become available regarding habitat use 

by Peninsular bighorn sheep and areas 

containing the features essential to the 

conservation of this subspecies. New 

information indicates that many areas 

included in the 2001 critical habitat 


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designation do not support the features 

essential for the conservation of the 

Peninsular bighorn sheep and/or 

otherwise contain unsuitable habitat for 

the subspecies. For example, the 2001 

final rule included high elevation 

(above 4,600 ft (1,402 m)), densely 

vegetated, and forested habitat that is 

inappropriate for sheep use in the San 

Jacinto, Santa Rosa, and Vallecito 

Mountains. The differences between the 

generalized methodology applied in the 

2001 critical habitat designation and the 

methodology used in this proposed rule, 

including our reasons for revising the 

approach, are outlined below. 

The recovery plan generally used two 

criteria, the presence of escape terrain 

and unobstructed view, as key habitat 

requirements when delineating the areas 

essential to Peninsular bighorn sheep 

with little consideration of the presence 

of the PCEs required by this subspecies. 

In this proposed revision, we have 

considered all five of the revised PCEs 

in delineating proposed revised critical 

habitat which results in a more precise 

determination of essential habitat (see 

‘‘Primary Constituent Elements for the 

Peninsular Bighorn Sheep’’ and 

‘‘Criteria Used to Identify Critical 

Habitat’’ sections). 

Additionally, little consideration was 

given to occurrence data in the recovery 

plan methodology and specific ewe 

group distributions, resulting in 

expanses of critical habitat in the 2001 

designation in which we have little to 

no occurrence records that would 

indicate sheep use those areas. For 

example, we have occupancy data 

dating back to 1940, yet extensive areas 

along the western and southern 

boundary of the 2001 designation 

contain little to no documented sheep 

use. In light of all the recent research 

efforts and occupancy data, we are not 

including those lands in this proposed 

revision as we have determined that 

those lands are not essential to the 

conservation of Peninsular bighorn 

sheep. Because a detailed vegetation 

map was not available at the time of the 

recovery plan, a team of biologists flew 

the entire western boundary in a 

helicopter and visually assessed 

vegetation associations (Service 2000, p. 

159). The western boundary was 

determined by consensus and recorded 

by GPS from the helicopter position 

every ten seconds (Service 2000, p. 159). 

A 0.5 mi (0.8 km) buffer was added to 

this line to account for the advent of fire 

suppression (Service 2000, p. 160). In 

determining the western boundary of 

essential habitat in this proposed 

revision, we used vegetation maps that 

cover the entire range of the Peninsular 

bighorn sheep, along with detailed 

aerial photography, expert opinion, and 

sheep use data to delineate boundaries, 

which we have determined more 

precisely captures the areas essential to 

the subspecies. 

Like our methodology for this 

proposed revision, the 2001 

methodology used a minimum slope 

criterion of 20 percent to delineate 

essential habitat; however, a 0.5 mi (0.8 

km) buffer was included around slopes 

of greater than or equal to 20 percent 

(Service 2000, p. 158). This proposed 

rule does not include a buffer zone area 

around habitat determined to be 

essential to the subspecies. 

In summary, we consider the recent 

data and methodology used in this 

proposed revision to more accurately 

and specifically delineate the areas 

essential to the Peninsular bighorn 

sheep. The methods used in the 2000 

recovery plan and the 2001 critical 

habitat designation resulted in a more 

inclusive delineation of essential habitat 

due to limited data. Application of the 

revised methodology, based on the best 

available information, identified 

460,487 ac (186,355 ha) of previously 

designated critical habitat that is not 

essential to the subspecies, and 

therefore we are not including these 

areas in this proposed revision to the 

critical habitat designation. 

(2) We re-evaluated and revised the 

PCEs in light of the Alameda whipsnake 

court case (Homebuilder’s Ass’n of 

Northern Cal. v. U.S. Fish and Wildlife 

Service, 268 F. Supp.2d 1197 (E.D. Cal. 

2003)) and other relevant case law, and 

followed current Service guidelines and 

policies. The PCEs differ from those in 

the existing critical habitat rule in that 

they are reorganized into five separate 

PCEs for clarity. Furthermore, we have 

added specific information on 

elevational range, plant species used for 

foraging, and range of slopes required by 

the subspecies. This additional 

specificity was gained by evaluating the 

recovery plan and examining all recent 

sheep data, including data from radio 

collars and GPS collars providing 

precision to the identification of 

habitats used and preferred by 

Peninsular bighorn sheep. Applying the 

more precise PCEs to the mountain 

ranges inhabited by Peninsular bighorn 

sheep allowed us to fine tune the 

proposed revision to those areas 

containing preferred habitat for sheep 

use, and removing those areas unlikely 

to be used by Peninsular bighorn sheep. 

(3) Approximately 29,924 ac (12,110 

ha) of designated critical habitat were 

vacated in the July 31, 2006, consent 

decree. A portion of those acres are now 

within proposed revised critical habitat. 

Of the 13,213 ac (5,347 ha) of vacated 

Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians 

Tribal lands, approximately 4,512 ac 

(1,826 ha) are now included in this 

proposal. However, we are proposing to 

exclude all Tribal lands from the final 

designation. Approximately 16,691 ac 

(6,756 ha) of mining lands at Ocotillo 

Mineral Material Sites and Fish Canyon 

Quarry property were vacated. In this 

proposed revision to critical habitat we 

are including roughly 50 percent of 

those vacated lands; specifically, we are 

including lands along the northernmost 

portion of the Ocotillo Mineral Material 

Sites property and the middle to 

southern portion of the Fish Canyon 

Quarry property. Both of these mining 

properties contain actively mined lands, 

but also contain areas in which we have 

recent documented use by Peninsular 

bighorn sheep and areas that meet the 

criteria used to identify critical habitat 

as described above. The Desert Riders 

lands vacated in the consent decree 

(approximately 20 ac (8 ha)) are not 

included in this proposed revision. 

Our 2001 final critical habitat rule 

included the statement that ‘‘* * *; we 

are not aware of any information 

suggesting that particular areas within 

designated critical habitat are currently 

unsuitable or unused over the 

generational timeframe needed for the 

long-term conservation of bighorn sheep 

in the Peninsular Ranges’’ (66 FR 8655). 

However, we have reconsidered the 

information that was available to us at 

the time of the 2001 designation in light 

of all the information currently available 

to us, and we have determined that the 

methodology used in this proposed 

revision, which utilized the best 

available information, provides a more 

accurate and specific delineation of the 

areas essential to the Peninsular bighorn 

sheep, than that relied upon in the 2001 

critical habitat designation. 

Proposed Revisions to the Critical 

Habitat Designation 

We are proposing four units as critical 

habitat for the Peninsular bighorn 

sheep. These units, which are almost 

entirely within the area included in the 

2001 designation, if finalized, would 

replace the current critical habitat 

designation for the Peninsular bighorn 

sheep at 50 CFR 17.95(a). The critical 

habitat areas we describe below 

constitute our current best assessment of 

areas that meet the definition of critical 

habitat for the Peninsular bighorn 

sheep. Table 1 shows the occupancy 

status of each unit being proposed as 

revised critical habitat. 


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TABLE 1.—OCCUPANCY STATUS OF CRITICAL HABITAT UNITS PROPOSED FOR THE PENINSULAR BIGHORN SHEEP

Unit Occupied at time of listing? Currently occupied? 

Size of proposed revised 

critical habitat unit in acres 

(Hectares) 

1. San Jacinto Mts. ........................... Yes ................................................... Yes ................................................... 15,273 (6,180 ha). 

2A. N. Santa Rosa Mts. .................... Yes ................................................... Yes ................................................... 74,998 ac (30,350 ha). 

2B. S. Santa Rosa Mts. south to 

Vallecito Mts..

Yes ................................................... Yes ................................................... 226,211 ac (91,545 ha). 

3. Carrizo Canyon ............................. Yes ................................................... Yes ................................................... 67,928 ac (27,489 ha). 

Total ........................................... ........................................................... ........................................................... 384,410 ac (155,564 ha). 

The four areas we propose as revised 

critical habitat are: (1) Unit 1—San 

Jacinto Mountains, (2) Unit 2A—North 

Santa Rosa Mountains, (3) Unit 2B—

South Santa Rosa Mountains south to 

Vallecito Mountains, and (4) Unit 3—

Carrizo Canyon. 

The approximate area of each 

proposed revised critical habitat unit is 

shown in Table 2. 

TABLE 2.—PROPOSED REVISED CRITICAL HABITAT UNITS FOR THE PENINSULAR BIGHORN SHEEP WITH LAND OWNERSHIP

[Area estimates reflect all land within proposed critical habitat unit boundaries] 

Critical habitat unit Land ownership by type 

Size of proposed revised 

critical habitat unit in acres 

(Hectares) 

1. San Jacinto Mts. .......................................................... Tribal 1 .............................................................................. 4,512 ac (1,826 ha). 

BLM 2 ............................................................................... 3,757 ac (1,520 ha). 

USFS3 ............................................................................. 1,266 ac (512 ha). 

Private .............................................................................. 5,738 ac (2,322 ha). 

Subtotal ............................................................................ 15,273 ac (6,180 ha). 

2A. N. Santa Rosa Mts. ................................................... BLM ................................................................................. 44,669 ac (18,077 ha). 

State 4 .............................................................................. 16,856 ac (6,821 ha). 

Private .............................................................................. 13,473 ac (5,452 ha). 

Subtotal ............................................................................ 74,998 ac (30,350 ha). 

2B. S. Santa Rosa Mts. south to Vallecito Mts. .............. BLM ................................................................................. 16,266 ac (6,583 ha). 

State 5 .............................................................................. 197,509 ac (79,929 ha). 

Private .............................................................................. 12,436 ac (5,033 ha). 

Subtotal ............................................................................ 226,211 ac (91,545 ha). 

3. Carrizo Canyon ............................................................ BLM ................................................................................. 27,762 ac (11,235 ha). 

State 6 .............................................................................. 35,475 ac (14,356 ha). 

Private .............................................................................. 4,177 ac (1,690 ha). 

Local 7 .............................................................................. 514 ac (208 ha). 

Subtotal ............................................................................ 67,928 ac (27,489 ha). 

Total ................................................................... .......................................................................................... 384,410 ac (155,564 ha). 

1—Tribal = Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians Reservation and Tribal Lands 

2—BLM = Bureau of Land Management 

3—USFS = United States Forest Service 

4—State = California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG) and California State Lands Commission (CSLC) 

5—State = CDFG, CSLC, and California Department of Parks and Recreation (CDPR) 

6—State = CDPR 

7—Local = City/County Park 

We present brief descriptions of all 

units and reasons why they meet the 

definition of critical habitat for the 

Peninsular bighorn sheep below. 

Unit 1: San Jacinto Mountains 

Unit 1 consists of approximately 

15,273 ac (6,180 ha) in the San Jacinto 

Mountains, Riverside County. Unit 1 is 

generally located within an area 

bounded on the east by the city of Palm 

Springs; bounded on the north by 

Windy Point and Snow Canyon; and 

that extends south to the northern Palm 

Canyon area. Land ownership within 

the unit includes approximately 4,512 

ac (1,826 ha) of Agua Caliente Band of 

Cahuilla Indians Tribal land; 3,757 ac 

(1,520 ha) of BLM land; 1,266 ac (512 

ha) of USFS land; and 5,738 ac (2,322 

ha) of private land (Table 2). 

Unit 1 begins at a low elevation of 

about 450 ft (137 m) on the eastern slope 

and rises to about 4,600 ft (1,400 m) to 

the west. It is the northernmost unit 

proposed as revised critical habitat for 

the Peninsular bighorn sheep. This unit 

was occupied at the time of listing and 

is currently occupied (Table 1). Habitat 

in this unit contains features that are 

essential to the conservation of the 

Peninsular bighorn sheep including a 


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range of vegetation types (PCE 2), 

foraging and watering areas including 

alluvial fans (PCE 4 and 5), and steep to 

very steep, rocky terrain with elevations 

and slopes that provide for sheltering, 

lambing, mating, movement among and 

between ewe groups (PCE 1), and 

predator evasion (PCE 3). 

The PCEs in Unit 1 may require 

special management considerations or 

protection to ameliorate the threats of 

urban and industrial development, 

particularly in lower elevation areas, 

and to decrease the direct and indirect 

effects of human disturbance to the 

Peninsular bighorn sheep and its 

habitat, due to the proximity of this unit 

to the Palms Springs area. Please see the 

‘‘Special Management Considerations or 

Protection’’ section of this proposed rule 

for a detailed discussion of the threats 

to Peninsular bighorn sheep habitat and 

potential management considerations. 

This unit includes approximately 

4,512 ac (1,826 ha) of Agua Caliente 

Band of Cahuilla Indians (Tribe) tribal 

lands supporting essential Peninsular 

bighorn sheep habitat. We are proposing 

to exclude these lands from the final 

designation. The designation of critical 

habitat would be expected to adversely 

impact our working relationship with 

the Tribe and we believe that Federal 

regulation through critical habitat 

designation would be viewed as an 

unwarranted and unwanted intrusion 

into tribal natural resource programs. 

Furthermore, these approximately 4,512 

ac (1,826 ha) of Tribal land are currently 

managed by the Tribe in a manner that 

provides some conservation benefits to 

the Peninsular bighorn sheep, and are 

also within the plan area of the draft 

Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians 

Tribal Habitat Conservation Plan (Tribal 

HCP) (see ‘‘Proposed Exclusion of Agua 

Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians Tribal 

Lands Under Section 4(b)(2) of the Act’’

for a detailed discussion). 

This unit also includes lands within 

the plan area for the draft Coachella 

Valley Multiple Species Habitat 

Conservation Plan (MSHCP). We are 

considering the possible exclusion of 

approximately 5,738 ac (2,322 ha) of 

private land from the final critical 

habitat designation based on benefits 

provided to the Peninsular bighorn 

sheep and its PCEs by the MSCHP, 

which is in draft form and under review 

by the Service (see ‘‘Lands Covered by 

Management Plans ‘‘ Exclusions Under 

Section 4(b)(2) of the Act’’ for a detailed 

discussion). 

Unit 2A: North Santa Rosa Mountains 

Unit 2A consists of approximately 

74,998 ac (30,350 ha) in the northern 

Santa Rosa Mountains, Riverside 

County. Unit 2A is generally located on 

the east-facing slopes of the northern 

Santa Rosa Mountains, is loosely 

bounded on the east by communities of 

the northern Coachella Valley, and 

extends from the Rancho Mirage area in 

the north to Martinez Canyon in the 

south. Land ownership within the unit 

includes approximately 44,669 ac 

(18,077 ha) of BLM land; 16,856 ac 

(6,821 ha) of land owned by the State of 

California; and 13,473 ac (5,452 ha) of 

private land (Table 2). 

Unit 2A begins at a low elevation of 

about 50 ft (15 m) on the eastern slope 

and rises to about 4,600 ft (1,400 m) to 

the west. This unit was occupied at the 

time of listing and is currently occupied 

(Table 1). Habitat in this unit contains 

features that are essential to the 

conservation of the Peninsular bighorn 

sheep including a range of vegetation 

types (PCE 2), foraging and watering 

areas including alluvial fans (PCE 4 and 

5), and steep to very steep, rocky terrain 

with elevations and slopes that provide 

for sheltering, lambing, mating, 

movement among and between ewe 

groups (PCE 1), and predator evasion 

(PCE 3). 

The PCEs in Unit 2A may require 

special management considerations or 

protection to ameliorate the threats of 

urban, industrial, and agricultural 

development, and to decrease the direct 

and indirect effects of human 

disturbance to Peninsular bighorn sheep 

and its habitat, due to the proximity of 

this unit to the highly developed 

northern Coachella Valley. 

Additionally, the PCEs in this unit may 

require special management 

considerations or protection to alleviate 

threats to Peninsular bighorn sheep and 

its habitat associated with roadways; 

State Route 74 cuts through the 

midsection of this unit and may impede 

movement between ewe groups. Please 

see the ‘‘Special Management 

Considerations or Protection’’ section of 

this proposed rule for a detailed 

discussion of the threats to Peninsular 

bighorn sheep habitat and potential 

management considerations. 

This unit includes lands that are 

within the plan area for the draft 

Coachella Valley Multiple Species 

Habitat Conservation Plan (MSHCP). We 

are considering the possible exclusion 

of approximately 13,473 ac (5,452 ha) of 

private land in Unit 2A from the final 

critical habitat designation based on 

benefits provided to the Peninsular 

bighorn sheep habitat under this plan, 

which is in draft form and under review 

by the Service (see ‘‘Areas Considered 

for Exclusion Under Section 4(b)(2) of 

the Act’’ for a detailed discussion). 

Unit 2B: South Santa Rosa Mountains 

south to Vallecito Mountains 

Unit 2B consists of approximately 

226,211 ac (91,545 ha) in the southern 

Santa Rosa Mountains, Coyote Canyon, 

San Ysidro Mountains, Pinyon 

Mountains, and Vallecito Mountains, in 

Riverside, San Diego, and Imperial 

counties. Unit 2B is generally located on 

the east-facing slopes of the above 

ranges; it is loosely bounded on the east 

by the Coachella Valley floor and 

extends from the southern Santa Rosa 

Mountains in the north to the Fish 

Creek Mountains in the south. Land 

ownership within the unit includes 

approximately 16,266 ac (6,583 ha) of 

BLM land; 197,509 ac (79,929 ha) of 

land owned by the State of California; 

and 12,436 ac (5,033 ha) of private land 

(Table 2). Portions of the Anza-Borrego 

Desert State Park occur within this unit. 

Unit 2B begins at a low elevation of 

about 150 ft (45 m) on the eastern slope 

and rises to about 4,600 ft (1,400 m) to 

the west. This unit was occupied at the 

time of listing and is currently occupied 

(Table 1). Habitat in this unit contains 

features that are essential to the 

conservation of the Peninsular bighorn 

sheep including a range of vegetation 

types (PCE 2), foraging and watering 

areas including alluvial fans (PCE 4 and 

5), and steep to very steep, rocky terrain 

with elevations and slopes that provide 

for sheltering, lambing, mating, 

movement among and between ewe 

groups (PCE 1), and predator evasion 

(PCE 3). 

The PCEs in Unit 2B may require 

special management considerations or 

protection to ameliorate the threats of 

urban, industrial, and agricultural 

development due to the proximity of 

this unit to the Coachella Valley, 

especially the lower elevation areas in 

the northeastern portions of this unit. 

Additionally, the PCEs in this unit may 

require special management 

considerations or protection to decrease 

the direct and indirect effects of human 

disturbance to Peninsular bighorn sheep 

and its habitat due to recreational 

activity. Most of this unit includes lands 

within Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, 

which is open to recreation activities. 

Furthermore, the PCEs in this unit may 

require special management 

considerations or protection to alleviate 

threats to Peninsular bighorn sheep and 

its habitat associated with State Route 

78, which cuts through the southern 

portion of this unit and may impede 

movement between ewe groups, and 

mining operations at Fish Canyon 

Quarry. Please see the ‘‘Special 

Management Considerations or 

Protection’’ section of this proposed rule 


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for a detailed discussion of the threats 

to Peninsular bighorn sheep habitat and 

potential management considerations. 

Unit 3: Carrizo Canyon 

Unit 3 consists of approximately 

67,928 ac (27,489 ha) in the Carrizo 

Canyon area, in San Diego and Imperial 

counties. Unit 3 is generally located in 

Carrizo Canyon and the surrounding InKo-Pah Mountains, Jacumba Mountains, 

Coyote Mountains, and Tierra Blanca 

Mountains; it is loosely bounded on the 

north, east, and west by the Coachella 

Valley floor. Land ownership within the 

unit includes approximately 27,762 ac 

(11,235 ha) of BLM land; 35,475 ac 

(14,356 ha) of land owned by the State 

of California; 4,177 ac (1,690 ha) of 

private land; and 514 ac (208 ha) of 

local park land (Table 2). Portions of the 

Anza-Borrego Desert State Park occur 

within this unit. 

Unit 3 begins at a low elevation of 

about 400 ft (122 m) on the eastern slope 

and rises to about 4,600 ft (1,400 m) to 

the west. This unit was occupied at the 

time of listing and is currently occupied 

(Table 1). Habitat in this unit contains 

features that are essential to the 

conservation of the Peninsular bighorn 

sheep including a range of vegetation 

types (PCE 2), foraging and watering 

areas including alluvial fans (PCE 4 and 

5), and steep to very steep, rocky terrain 

with elevations and slopes that provide 

for sheltering, lambing, mating, 

movement among and between ewe 

groups (PCE 1), and predator evasion 

(PCE 3). 

The PCEs in Unit 3 may require 

special management considerations or 

protection to decrease the direct and 

indirect effects of human disturbance 

due to recreational activity to 

Peninsular bighorn sheep and its 

habitat. Most of this unit occurs within 

the Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, 

which is open to recreation activities. 

The PCEs in Unit 3 may also require 

special management considerations or 

protection to protect Peninsular bighorn 

sheep habitat from mining operations at 

Ocotillo Mineral Material Site. Please 

see the ‘‘Special Management 

Considerations or Protection’’ section of 

this proposed rule for a detailed 

discussion of the threats to Peninsular 

bighorn sheep habitat and potential 

management considerations. 

Table 3 provides approximate areas 

(ac, ha) of lands that meet the definition 

of critical habitat but that we are 

proposing to exclude from the final 

revised critical habitat designation. 

Table 3 also provides reasons for the 

proposed exclusions. 

TABLE 3.—PROPOSED EXCLUSIONS BY CRITICAL HABITAT UNIT

Unit Statutory Reason for proposal 

exclusion 

Area meeting the definition 

of critical habitat in acres 

(Hectares) 

Area proposed for 

exclusion in acres 

(Hectares) 

1. San Jacinto Mts. 4(b)(2) ............................... Government-to-Government Relationship 14,512 ac (1,826 ha) 4,512 ac (1,826 ha). 

Total ........................... ........................................... ........................................... ........................................... 4,512 ac (1,826 ha). 

1Government-to-Government Relationship = Secretarial Order 3206, ‘‘ American Indian Tribal Rights, Federal Tribal Trust Responsibilities, and 

the Endangered Species Act’’ (June 5, 1997); the President’s memorandum of April 29, 1994, ‘‘ Government-to-Government Relations with Native American Tribal Governments’’ (59 FR 22951); Executive Order 13175; and the relevantprovision of the Departmental Manual of the Department of the Interior (512 DM 2). 

Effects of Critical Habitat Designation 

Section 7 Consultation 

Section 7(a)(2) of the Act requires 

Federal agencies, including the Service, 

to ensure that actions they fund, 

authorize, or carry out are not likely to 

destroy or adversely modify critical 

habitat. Decisions by the 5th and 9th 

Circuit Court of Appeals have 

invalidated our definition of 

‘‘destruction or adverse modification’’

(50 CFR 402.02) (see Gifford Pinchot 

Task Force v. U.S. Fish and Wildlife 

Service, 378 F. 3d 1059 (9th Cir. 2004) 

and Sierra Club v. U.S. Fish and 

Wildlife Service et al., 245 F.3d 434, 442 

(5th Cir. 2001)), and we do not rely on 

this regulatory definition when 

analyzing whether an action is likely to 

destroy or adversely modify critical 

habitat. Under the statutory provisions 

of the Act, we determine destruction or 

adverse modification on the basis of 

whether, with implementation of the 

proposed Federal action, the affected 

critical habitat would remain functional 

(or retain the current ability for the PCEs 

to be functionally established) to serve 

its intended conservation role for the 

species. 

Section 7(a)(4) of the Act requires 

Federal agencies to confer with us on 

any action that is likely to jeopardize 

the continued existence of a species 

proposed for listing or result in 

destruction or adverse modification of 

proposed critical habitat. This is a 

procedural requirement only, as any 

conservation recommendations in a 

conference report or opinion are strictly 

advisory. However, once a species 

proposed for listing becomes listed, or 

proposed critical habitat is designated 

as final, the full prohibitions of section 

7(a)(2) apply to any discretionary 

Federal action. 

The primary utility of the conference 

procedures is to allow a Federal agency 

to maximize its opportunity to 

adequately consider species proposed 

for listing and proposed critical habitat 

and to avoid potential delays in 

implementing their proposed action 

because of the section 7(a)(2) 

compliance process, if we list those 

species or designate critical habitat. We 

may conduct conferences either 

informally or formally. We typically use 

informal conferences as a means of 

providing advisory conservation 

recommendations to assist the agency in 

eliminating conflicts that the proposed 

action may cause. We typically use 

formal conferences when we or the 

Federal agency believes the proposed 

action is likely to jeopardize the 

continued existence of the species 

proposed for listing or adversely modify 

proposed critical habitat. 

We generally provide the results of an 

informal conference in a conference 

report, while we provide the results of 

a formal conference in a conference 

opinion. We typically prepare 

conference opinions on proposed 

species or critical habitat in accordance 

with procedures contained at 50 CFR 

402.14, as if the proposed species were 

already listed or the proposed critical 

habitat was already designated. We may 

adopt the conference opinion as the 

biological opinion when the species is 

listed or the critical habitat is 

designated, if no substantial new 

information or changes in the action 

alter the content of the opinion (see 50 

CFR 402.10(d)). 


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If a species is listed or critical habitat 

is designated, section 7(a)(2) of the Act 

requires Federal agencies to ensure that 

activities they authorize, fund, or carry 

out are not likely to jeopardize the 

continued existence of the species or to 

destroy or adversely modify its critical 

habitat. If a Federal action may affect a 

listed species or its critical habitat, the 

responsible Federal agency (action 

agency) must enter into consultation 

with us. As a result of this consultation, 

we document compliance with the 

requirements of section 7(a)(2) through 

our issuance of: 

(1) A concurrence letter for Federal 

actions that may affect, but are not 

likely to adversely affect, listed species 

or critical habitat; or 

(2) A biological opinion for Federal 

actions that may affect, and are likely to 

adversely affect, listed species or critical 

habitat. 

When we issue a biological opinion 

concluding that a project is likely to 

jeopardize the continued existence of a 

listed species or destroy or adversely 

modify critical habitat, we also provide 

reasonable and prudent alternatives to 

the project, if any are identifiable. We 

define ‘‘Reasonable and prudent 

alternatives’’ at 50 CFR 402.02 as 

alternative actions identified during 

consultation that: 

• Can be implemented in a manner 

consistent with the intended purpose of 

the action, 

• Can be implemented consistent 

with the scope of the Federal agency’s 

legal authority and jurisdiction, 

• Are economically and 

technologically feasible, and 

• Would, in the Director’s opinion, 

avoid jeopardizing the continued 

existence of the listed species or 

destroying or adversely modifying 

critical habitat. 

Reasonable and prudent alternatives 

can vary from slight project 

modifications to extensive redesign or 

relocation of the project. Costs 

associated with implementing a 

reasonable and prudent alternative are 

similarly variable. 

Regulations at 50 CFR 402.16 require 

Federal agencies to reinitiate 

consultation on previously reviewed 

actions in instances where we have 

listed a new species or subsequently 

designated critical habitat that may be 

affected and the Federal agency has 

retained discretionary involvement or 

control over the action (or the agency’s 

discretionary involvement or control is 

authorized by law). Consequently, 

Federal agencies may sometimes need to 

request reinitiation of consultation with 

us on actions for which formal 

consultation has been completed, if 

those actions with discretionary 

involvement or control may affect 

subsequently listed species or 

designated critical habitat. 

Federal activities that may affect the 

Peninsular bighorn sheep or its 

designated critical habitat require 

section 7(a)(2) consultation under the 

Act. Activities on State, Tribal, local, or 

private lands requiring a Federal permit 

(such as a permit from the U.S. Army 

Corps of Engineers under section 404 of 

the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 et 

seq.) or a permit from us under section 

10 of the Act) or involving some other 

Federal action (such as funding from the 

Federal Highway Administration, 

Federal Aviation Administration, or the 

Federal Emergency Management 

Agency) are subject to the section 7(a)(2) 

consultation process. Federal actions 

not affecting listed species or critical 

habitat, and actions on State, Tribal, 

local, or private lands that are not 

federally funded, authorized, or 

permitted, do not require section 7(a)(2) 

consultations. 

Application of the ‘‘Adverse 

Modification’’ Standard 

The key factor related to the adverse 

modification determination is whether, 

with implementation of the proposed 

Federal action, the affected critical 

habitat would continue to serve its 

intended conservation role for the 

species, or would retain its current 

ability for the primary constituent 

elements to be functionally established. 

Activities that may destroy or adversely 

modify critical habitat are those that 

alter the PCEs to an extent that 

appreciably reduces the conservation 

value of critical habitat for the 

Peninsular bighorn sheep. Generally, 

the conservation role of the Peninsular 

bighorn sheep critical habitat units is to 

support viable core area populations. 

Section 4(b)(8) of the Act requires us 

to briefly evaluate and describe, in any 

proposed or final regulation that 

designates critical habitat, activities 

involving a Federal action that may 

destroy or adversely modify such 

habitat, or that may be affected by such 

designation. 

Activities that, when carried out, 

funded, or authorized by a Federal 

agency, may affect critical habitat and 

therefore should result in consultation 

for the Peninsular bighorn sheep 

include, but are not limited to: 

(1) Actions that would significantly 

reduce ongoing management and 

conservation efforts that benefit the 

Peninsular bighorn sheep on public 

lands. Such activities could include, but 

are not limited to, the sale, exchange, or 

lease of lands managed by BLM or other 

Federal agencies, and the State of 

California. These activities could reduce 

the amount of space that is available for 

individual and population growth and 

normal behavior, as well as reduce or 

eliminate the number and extent of sites 

for foraging, watering, breeding, 

reproduction, and rearing of offspring. 

These activities could also reduce the 

opportunities available to Federal 

agencies to exercise their section 7(a)(1) 

responsibilities to carry out programs to 

conserve listed species. 

(2) Actions that would significantly 

reduce the availability of or accessibility 

to seasonal ranges. Such activities could 

include, but are not limited to, grazing, 

mining, and power line and road 

construction activities. These activities 

could degrade, reduce, fragment, or 

eliminate available foraging resources or 

alter current foraging activities of 

Peninsular bighorn sheep. 

(3) Actions that would result in the 

significant expansion of dense 

vegetation communities within 

Peninsular bighorn sheep habitat. Such 

activities could include, but are not 

limited to, fire suppression. These 

activities could allow expansion of 

vegetation cover such that movement 

patterns of bighorn sheep are altered by 

avoidance of these areas. Tall, dense 

vegetation decreases visibility for 

bighorn sheep and provides cover for 

predators such as the mountain lion, a 

common predator of Peninsular bighorn 

sheep. 

(4) Actions that would create 

significant barriers to movement. Such 

activities could include, but are not 

limited to, road construction, residential 

development, and resort or campground 

facility development or expansion. 

These activities could interfere with 

movement within and between habitats, 

thereby reducing the availability of 

habitat for foraging, watering, breeding, 

reproduction, sheltering, and rearing of 

offspring. These activities could also 

reduce opportunities for movement 

between existing populations, dispersal, 

and genetic interchange between ewe 

groups. 

(5) Actions that would significantly 

degrade habitat or cause a disturbance 

to Peninsular bighorn sheep. Such 

activities could include, but are not 

limited to, recreational activities, such 

as off-road vehicle use, hiking, camping, 

rock climbing, horseback riding, and 

outfitter guided activities. These 

activities could displace animals from 

foraging areas, water sources, and 

escape terrain, and could impact the 

quality and quantity of forage. 


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Exemptions and Exclusions 

Application of Section 4(b)(2) of the Act 

Section 4(b)(2) of the Act states that 

the Secretary must designate and revise 

critical habitat on the basis of the best 

available scientific data after taking into 

consideration the economic impact, 

impact on national security, and any 

other relevant impact of specifying any 

particular area as critical habitat. The 

Secretary may exclude an area from 

critical habitat if he determines that the 

benefits of such exclusion outweigh the 

benefits of specifying such area as part 

of the critical habitat, unless he 

determines, based on the best scientific 

data available, that the failure to 

designate such area as critical habitat 

will result in the extinction of the 

species. In making that determination, 

the legislative history is clear that the 

Secretary has broad discretion regarding 

which factor(s) to use and how much 

weight to give to any factor. 

Under section 4(b)(2) of the Act, in 

considering whether to exclude a 

particular area from the designation, we 

must identify the benefits of including 

the area in the designation, identify the 

benefits of excluding the area from the 

designation, and determine whether the 

benefits of exclusion outweigh the 

benefits of inclusion. If we consider an 

exclusion we must determine whether 

excluding the area would result in the 

extinction of the species. 

In the following sections, we address 

a number of general issues that are 

relevant to the exclusions we are 

considering. In addition, we are 

conducting an economic analysis of the 

impacts of the proposed critical habitat 

designation, which will be available for 

public review and comment when it is 

complete. Based on public comment on 

that document, the proposed 

designation itself, and the information 

in the final economic analysis, the 

Secretary may exclude from critical 

habitat additional areas beyond those 

identified in this assessment under the 

provisions of section 4(b)(2) of the Act. 

This is also addressed in our 

implementing regulations at 50 CFR 

424.19. 

Benefits of Designating Critical Habitat 

The process of designating critical 

habitat as described in the Act requires 

that the Service identify those lands on 

which are found the physical or 

biological features essential to the 

conservation of the species that may 

require special management 

considerations or protection, and those 

areas outside the geographical area 

occupied by the species at the time of 

listing that are essential to the 

conservation of the species. In 

identifying those lands, the Service 

must consider the recovery needs of the 

species, such that, on the basis of the 

best scientific and commercial data 

available at the time of designation, the 

habitat that is identified, if managed, 

could provide for the survival and 

recovery of the species. 

The identification of those areas that 

are essential for the conservation of the 

species and can, if managed, provide for 

the recovery of a species is beneficial. 

The process of proposing and finalizing 

a critical habitat rule provides the 

Service with the opportunity to 

determine the features or PCEs essential 

for conservation of the species within 

the geographical area occupied by the 

species at the time of listing, as well as 

to determine other areas essential to the 

conservation of the species. The 

designation process includes peer 

review and public comment on the 

identified features and areas. This 

process is valuable to land owners and 

managers in developing conservation 

management plans for identified areas, 

as well as any other occupied habitat or 

suitable habitat that may not have been 

included in the Service’s determination 

of essential habitat. 

The consultation provisions under 

section 7(a) of the Act constitute the 

regulatory benefits of critical habitat. As 

discussed above, Federal agencies must 

consult with us on actions that may 

affect critical habitat and must avoid 

destroying or adversely modifying 

critical habitat. Federal agencies must 

also consult with us on actions that may 

affect a listed species and refrain from 

undertaking actions that are likely to 

jeopardize the continued existence of 

such species. The analysis of effects to 

critical habitat is a separate and 

different analysis from that of the effects 

to the species. Therefore, the difference 

in outcomes of these two analyses 

represents the regulatory benefit of 

critical habitat. For some species, and in 

some locations, the outcome of these 

analyses will be similar, because effects 

on habitat will often result in effects on 

the species. However, the regulatory 

standard is different: the jeopardy 

analysis looks at the action’s impact on 

survival and recovery of the species, 

while the adverse modification analysis 

looks at the action’s effects on the 

designated habitat’s contribution to the 

species’ conservation. This will, in 

many instances, lead to different results 

and different regulatory requirements. 

For 30 years prior to the Ninth 

Circuit’s decision in Gifford Pinchot, 

consistent with the 1986 regulations, we 

essentially combined the jeopardy 

standard with the standard for 

destruction or adverse modification of 

critical habitat when evaluating Federal 

actions that affected currently occupied 

critical habitat. However, the court of 

appeals ruled that the two standards are 

distinct and that adverse modification 

evaluations require consideration of 

impacts on species recovery. Thus, 

critical habitat designations may 

provide greater regulatory benefits to the 

recovery of a species than would listing 

alone. 

There are two limitations to the 

regulatory effect of critical habitat. First, 

a section 7(a)(2) consultation is required 

only where there is a Federal nexus (an 

action authorized, funded, or carried out 

by any Federal agency)—if there is no 

Federal nexus, the critical habitat 

designation of private lands itself does 

not restrict any actions that destroy or 

adversely modify critical habitat. 

Second, the designation only limits 

destruction or adverse modification. By 

its nature, the prohibition on adverse 

modification is designed to ensure that 

the conservation role and function of 

those areas that contain the physical 

and biological features essential to the 

conservation of the species or of 

unoccupied areas that are essential to 

the conservation of the species is not 

appreciably reduced. Critical habitat 

designation alone, however, does not 

require property owners to undertake 

specific steps toward recovery of the 

species. 

Once an agency determines that 

consultation under section 7(a)(2) of the 

Act is necessary, the process may 

conclude informally when we concur in 

writing that the proposed Federal action 

is not likely to adversely affect critical 

habitat. However, if we determine 

through informal consultation that 

adverse impacts are likely to occur, then 

we would initiate formal consultation, 

which would conclude when we issue 

a biological opinion on whether the 

proposed Federal action is likely to 

result in destruction or adverse 

modification of critical habitat. 

For critical habitat, a biological 

opinion that concludes in a 

determination of no destruction or 

adverse modification may contain 

discretionary conservation 

recommendations to minimize adverse 

effects to primary constituent elements, 

but it would not suggest the 

implementation of any reasonable and 

prudent alternative. We suggest 

reasonable and prudent alternatives to 

the proposed Federal action only when 

our biological opinion results in an 

adverse modification conclusion. 

As stated above, the designation of 

critical habitat does not require that any 

management or recovery actions take 


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place on the lands included in the 

designation. Even in cases where 

consultation has been initiated under 

section 7(a)(2) of the Act, the end result 

of consultation is to avoid jeopardy to 

the species and/or adverse modification 

of its critical habitat, but not specifically 

to manage remaining lands or institute 

recovery actions on remaining lands. 

Conversely, voluntary conservation 

efforts implemented through 

management plans institute proactive 

actions over the lands they encompass 

and are put in place to remove or reduce 

known threats to a species or its habitat; 

therefore, implementing recovery 

actions. We believe that in many 

instances the benefit to a species and/ 

or its habitat realized through the 

designation of critical habitat is low 

when compared to the conservation 

benefit that can be achieved through 

voluntary conservation efforts or 

management plans. The conservation 

achieved through implementing HCPs 

or other habitat management plans can 

be greater than what we achieve through 

multiple site-by-site, project-by-project, 

section 7(a)(2) consultations involving 

consideration of critical habitat. 

Management plans may commit 

resources to implement long-term 

management and protection to 

particular habitat for at least one and 

possibly additional listed or sensitive 

species. Section 7(a)(2) consultations 

commit Federal agencies to preventing 

adverse modification of critical habitat 

caused by the particular project only, 

and not to providing conservation or 

long-term benefits to areas not affected 

by the proposed project. Thus, 

implementation of any HCP or 

management plan that considers 

enhancement or recovery as the 

management standard may often 

provide as much or more benefit than a 

consultation for critical habitat 

designation. 

Another benefit of including lands in 

critical habitat is that designation of 

critical habitat serves to educate 

landowners, State and local 

governments, and the public regarding 

the potential conservation value of an 

area. This helps focus and promote 

conservation efforts by other parties by 

clearly delineating areas of high 

conservation value for the Peninsular 

bighorn sheep. In general, critical 

habitat designation always has 

educational benefits; however, in some 

cases, they may be redundant with other 

educational effects. For example, HCPs 

have significant public input and may 

largely duplicate the educational 

benefits of a critical habitat designation. 

Including lands in critical habitat also 

would inform State agencies and local 

governments about areas that could be 

conserved under State laws or local 

ordinances. 

Conservation Partnerships on NonFederal Lands 

Most federally listed species in the 

United States will not recover without 

cooperation of non-Federal landowners. 

More than 60 percent of the United 

States is privately owned (National 

Wilderness Institute 1995, p. 2), and at 

least 80 percent of endangered or 

threatened species occur either partially 

or solely on private lands (Crouse et al. 

2002, p. 720). Stein et al. (1995, p. 400) 

found that only about 12 percent of 

listed species were found almost 

exclusively on Federal lands (90 to 100 

percent of their known occurrences 

restricted to Federal lands) and that 50 

percent of federally listed species are 

not known to occur on Federal lands at 

all. 

Given the distribution of listed 

species with respect to land ownership, 

conservation of listed species in many 

parts of the United States is dependent 

upon working partnerships with a wide 

variety of entities and the voluntary 

cooperation of many non-Federal 

landowners (Wilcove and Chen 1998, p. 

1407; Crouse et al. 2002, p. 720; James 

2002, p. 271). Building partnerships and 

promoting voluntary cooperation of 

landowners are essential to our 

understanding the status of species on 

non-Federal lands, and necessary for us 

to implement recovery actions such as 

reintroducing listed species and 

restoring and protecting habitat. 

Many non-Federal landowners derive 

satisfaction from contributing to 

endangered species recovery. We 

promote these private-sector efforts 

through the Department of the Interior’s 

Cooperative Conservation philosophy. 

Conservation agreements with nonFederal landowners (HCPs, safe harbor 

agreements, other conservation 

agreements, easements, and State and 

local regulations) enhance species 

conservation by extending species 

protections beyond those available 

through section 7 consultations. In the 

past decade, we have encouraged nonFederal landowners to enter into 

conservation agreements, based on the 

view that we can achieve greater species 

conservation on non-Federal land 

through such partnerships than we can 

through regulatory methods (61 FR 

63854; December 2, 1996). 

Many private landowners, however, 

are wary of the possible consequences of 

attracting endangered species to their 

property. Mounting evidence suggests 

that some regulatory actions by the 

Federal Government, while wellintentioned and required by law, can 

(under certain circumstances) have 

unintended negative consequences for 

the conservation of species on private 

lands (Wilcove et al. 1996, pp. 5–6; 

Bean 2002, pp. 2–3; Conner and 

Mathews 2002, pp. 1–2; James 2002, pp. 

270–271; Koch 2002, pp. 2–3; Brook et 

al. 2003, pp. 1639–1643). Many 

landowners fear a decline in their 

property value due to real or perceived 

restrictions on land-use options where 

threatened or endangered species are 

found. Consequently, harboring 

endangered species is viewed by many 

landowners as a liability. This 

perception results in anti-conservation 

incentives because maintaining habitats 

that harbor endangered species 

represents a risk to future economic 

opportunities (Main et al. 1999, pp. 

1264–1265; Brook et al. 2003, pp. 1644–

1648). 

According to some researchers, the 

designation of critical habitat on private 

lands significantly reduces the 

likelihood that landowners will support 

and carry out conservation actions 

(Main et al. 1999, p. 1263; Bean 2002, 

p. 2; Brook et al. 2003, pp. 1644–1648). 

The magnitude of this outcome is 

greatly amplified in situations where 

active management measures (such as 

reintroduction, fire management, and 

control of invasive species) are 

necessary for species conservation (Bean 

2002, pp. 3–4). We believe that the 

judicious use of excluding specific areas 

of non-federally owned lands from 

critical habitat designations can 

contribute to species recovery and 

provide a superior level of conservation 

than critical habitat alone. 

The purpose of designating critical 

habitat is to contribute to the 

conservation of threatened and 

endangered species and the ecosystems 

upon which they depend. The outcome 

of the designation, triggering regulatory 

requirements for actions funded, 

authorized, or carried out by Federal 

agencies under section 7(a)(2) of the 

Act, can sometimes be 

counterproductive to its intended 

purpose on non-Federal lands. Thus the 

benefits of excluding areas that are 

covered by effective partnerships or 

other conservation commitments can 

often be high. 

Benefits of Excluding Lands With 

Approved Management Plans 

The benefits of excluding lands 

within approved long-term management 

plans (including HCPs) from critical 

habitat designation include relieving 

landowners, communities, and counties 

of any additional regulatory burden that 


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might be imposed by critical habitat. 

Many conservation plans provide 

conservation benefits not only to listed 

species, but to unlisted sensitive species 

as well, resulting in enhanced 

ecosystem management. Imposing an 

additional regulatory review as a result 

of the designation of critical habitat may 

undermine conservation efforts and 

partnerships in many areas. Designation 

of critical habitat within the boundaries 

of management plans that provide 

conservation measures for a species 

could be viewed as a disincentive to 

entities currently developing these 

plans or contemplating them in the 

future, because one of the incentives for 

undertaking conservation is greater ease 

of permitting where listed species will 

be affected. Addition of a new 

regulatory requirement would remove a 

significant incentive for undertaking the 

time and expense of management 

planning. 

A related benefit of excluding lands 

within management plans from critical 

habitat designation is the unhindered, 

continued ability it gives us to seek new 

partnerships with future plan 

participants, including States, counties, 

local jurisdictions, conservation 

organizations, and private landowners, 

which together can implement 

conservation actions that we would be 

unable to accomplish otherwise. 

Designating lands within approved 

management plan areas as critical 

habitat would likely have a negative 

effect on our ability to establish new 

partnerships to develop these plans, 

particularly plans that address 

landscape-level conservation of species 

and habitats. By preemptively excluding 

these lands, we preserve our current 

partnerships and encourage additional 

conservation actions in the future. 

Furthermore, both HCP and Natural 

Community Conservation Plan (NCCP)–

HCP applications require consultation, 

which would review the effects of all 

HCP–covered activities that might 

adversely impact the species under a 

jeopardy standard, including possibly 

significant habitat modification (see 

definition of ‘‘harm’’ at 50 CFR 17.3), 

even without the critical habitat 

designation. In addition, Federal actions 

occurring within the plan area that may 

affect listed species would still require 

consultation under section 7(a)(2) of the 

Act, and we would review these actions 

for possibly significant habitat 

modification, in accordance with the 

definition of harm referenced above. 

The information provided in the 

previous sections applies to all the 

following discussions of the benefits of 

inclusion and exclusion of critical 

habitat. 

Areas Considered For Exclusion Under 

Section 4(b)(2) of the Act 

We are proposing to exclude Tribal 

lands in Unit 1 in consideration of 

Secretarial Order 3206, ‘‘American 

Indian Tribal Rights, Federal Tribal 

Trust Responsibilities, and the 

Endangered Species Act’’ (June 5, 1997); 

the President’s memorandum of April 

29, 1994, ‘‘‘‘Government-to-Government 

Relations with Native American Tribal 

Governments’’ (59 FR 22951); Executive 

Order 13175; and the relevant provision 

of the Departmental Manual of the 

Department of the Interior (512 DM 2). 

Furthermore, we are evaluating and 

considering the possible exclusion of 

private lands in Unit 1 and 2A, which 

are covered under the draft Coachella 

Valley Multiple Species Habitat 

Conservation Plan (MSHCP), under 

section 4(b)(2) of the Act, and may 

exclude them from the final revised 

critical habitat designation for the 

Peninsular bighorn sheep. With regard 

to the draft Coachella Valley MSHCP 

plan area, we are only considering 

private lands for exclusion at this time, 

while also soliciting comment on the 

appropriateness of excluding CDFG and 

BLM lands as Memorandum of 

Understanding (MOU) partners to the 

MSHCP. We are considering the 

possible exclusion of the areas covered 

by the draft MSHCP because we believe 

when the plan is finalized that: 

(1) The lands’ value for conservation 

will be preserved for the foreseeable 

future by existing protective actions, 

and 

(2) They are appropriate for exclusion 

under the ‘‘other relevant factor’’

provisions of section 4(b)(2) of the Act. 

We specifically solicit comments on 

the inclusion or exclusion of these 

areas. In the paragraphs below, we 

provide a detailed analysis for 

consideration of exclusion of these 

lands under section 4(b)(2) of the Act. 

Proposed Exclusion of Agua Caliente 

Band of Cahuilla Indians Tribal Lands 

Under Section 4(b)(2) of the Act—

American Indian Tribal Rights, FederalTribal Trust Responsibilities, and the 

Endangered Species Act 

In accordance with the Secretarial 

Order 3206, ‘‘American Indian Tribal 

Rights, Federal-Tribal Trust 

Responsibilities, and the Endangered 

Species Act’’ (June 5, 1997); the 

President’s memorandum of April 29, 

1994, ‘‘Government-to-Government 

Relations with Native American Tribal 

Governments’’ (59 FR 22951); Executive 

Order 13175; and the relevant provision 

of the Departmental Manual of the 

Department of the Interior (512 DM 2), 

we believe that fish, wildlife, and other 

natural resources on Tribal lands are 

better managed under Tribal authorities, 

policies, and programs than through 

Federal regulation wherever possible 

and practicable. Based on this 

philosophy, we believe that, in most 

cases, designation of tribal lands as 

critical habitat provides very little 

additional benefit to threatened and 

endangered species. Conversely, such 

designation is often viewed by tribes as 

unwarranted and an unwanted intrusion 

into tribal self governance, thus 

compromising the government-togovernment relationship essential to 

achieving our mutual goals of managing 

for healthy ecosystems upon which the 

viability of threatened and endangered 

species populations depend. 

We have determined that 

approximately 4,512 ac (1,826 ha) of 

tribal land owned by the Agua Caliente 

Band of Cahuilla Indians are essential to 

the conservation of the Peninsular 

bighorn sheep, and are proposing to 

exclude these lands under section 

4(b)(2) of the Act. In making our final 

decision with regard to these Tribal 

lands, we will be considering several 

factors including our relationship with 

the Tribe, the Tribe’s current 

management of Peninsular bighorn 

sheep habitat, and the Tribe’s ongoing 

cooperation with us in the development 

of the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla 

Indians Tribal Habitat Conservation 

Plan (Tribal HCP). 

The Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla 

Indians highly values its wildlife and 

natural resources, and is charged to 

preserve and protect these resources 

under the Tribal Constitution. 

Consequently, the Tribe has long 

worked to manage the habitat of wildlife 

on its lands, including the habitat of 

endangered and threatened species. The 

Tribe currently implements a 

conservation strategy for the Peninsular 

bighorn sheep to protect and manage 

bighorn sheep habitat on Tribal lands 

(as set forth in the draft Tribal Habitat 

Conservation Plan adopted by the Tribe 

on or about November 11, 2002). This 

conservation strategy requires 

conservation of at least 85 percent of 

bighorn sheep habitat identified by the 

Tribe on Tribal lands and 100 percent 

of bighorn sheep use areas and habitat 

linkages identified by the Tribe on 

Tribal lands. These management 

measures provide a substantial 

conservation benefit to the subspecies. 

In addition, we are currently working 

with the Tribe to develop the first Tribal 

multiple-species HCP in the United 

States. Through this cooperative effort, 

the Tribe has demonstrated a sustained 

commitment to manage its lands in a 


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manner consistent with the subspecies’

conservation. We are currently 

processing the Tribe’s application for a 

section 10(a)(1)(B) permit based on a 

revised draft Tribal Habitat 

Conservation Plan (2007), and anticipate 

publishing a Notice of Availability for 

public review in the Federal Register in 

October 2007. 

The Tribal HCP area will cover 

approximately 36,720 ac (14,860 ha) of 

land, including approximately 4,512 ac 

(1,826 ha) in Unit 1. The Tribe’s goals 

for conservation of Peninsular bighorn 

sheep are: (1) Conserving habitat within 

the Tribal HCP plan area (PCE 1, 2, 3, 

4, and 5); (2) maintaining connectivity, 

preventing fragmentation, and allowing 

movement within key linkage areas 

(PCE 1 and 4); and (3) adaptively 

managing habitat quality and 

subpopulations/ewe groups to alleviate 

threats in the Tribal HCP plan area 

(Tribal HCP 2007, p. 4–8). Conservation 

objectives of the draft Tribal HCP for 

Peninsular bighorn sheep include the 

following: (1) Ensure implementation of 

the Tribal HCP is consistent with the 

recovery plan (Service 2000); (2) 

conserve a minimum of 17,692 ac (7,160 

ha) of habitat within the plan area; (3) 

conserve 100 percent of Use Areas 

(areas defined by the Tribal HCP to have 

high functional value); (4) conserve land 

necessary to maintain linkages/ 

connectivity; (5) minimize direct and 

indirect impacts from Covered 

Activities by ensuring implementation 

of development standards, including 

avoidance and minimization measures; 

(6) minimize impacts from recreational 

activities; (7) alleviate threat of disease 

transfer from livestock or nonnative 

wildlife; (8) monitor population size 

and mortality rates; (9) fund or 

undertake additional studies regarding 

this subspecies; (10) ensure 

management action thresholds are 

routinely assessed; (11) implement 

adaptive management; and (12) 

conserve habitat quality through plan 

implementation (Tribal HCP 2007, p. 4–

9). 

To aid in the public review of this 

proposed revised critical habitat, we are 

providing maps of the areas that we are 

proposing to exclude. Maps and GIS 

layers for areas proposed for exclusion 

are available from the Carlsbad Fish and 

Wildlife Office (see ADDRESSES) and on 

our Web site at http://www.fws.gov/ 

Carlsbad. 

The Benefits of Exclusion Outweigh the 

Benefits of Inclusion 

The general benefits of critical habitat 

described in the ‘‘Benefits of Critical 

Habitat Designation’’ section would 

apply to habitat designated on Tribal 

lands. Activities occurring on Tribal 

lands will generally involve a Federal 

nexus. However, as discussed above, the 

Tribe is aware of the value of Tribal 

lands to the conservation of the 

Peninsular bighorn sheep and currently 

implements management measures that 

contribute to the conservation of the 

subspecies and protect its essential 

habitat. Conservation measures will 

continue to be implemented by the 

Tribe regardless of whether the areas are 

designated as critical habitat. In light of 

this continued commitment by the Tribe 

to manage its lands in a manner that 

promotes the conservation of the 

Peninsular bighorn sheep, the 

designation of critical habitat would 

provide minimal additional benefit to 

the subspecies on these Tribal lands. 

The designation of critical habitat 

would be expected to adversely impact 

our working relationship with the Tribe 

and we believe that Federal regulation 

through critical habitat designation 

would be viewed as an unwarranted and 

unwanted intrusion into tribal natural 

resource programs. Our working 

relationship with the Tribe has been 

extremely beneficial in implementing 

natural resource programs of mutual 

interest. The benefits of excluding Agua 

Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians Tribal 

lands from critical habitat include: (1) 

The advancement of our Federal Indian 

Trust obligations and our deference to 

tribal conservation and natural resource 

management plans for their lands and 

resources, which includes the 

Peninsular bighorn sheep and other 

Federal trust species; (2) the 

maintenance of effective working 

relationships to promote the 

conservation of the Peninsular bighorn 

sheep and its habitat; (3) the allowance 

for continued meaningful collaboration 

and cooperation on Peninsular bighorn 

sheep management and other resources 

of interest to the Federal government; 

and (4) the provision of conservation 

benefits to desert ecosystems and a host 

of species, including the Peninsular 

bighorn sheep and its habitat, that might 

not otherwise occur. 

We believe that the Tribe should be 

the governmental entity to manage and 

promote the conservation of the 

Peninsular bighorn sheep on its lands. 

We recognize and endorse the Tribe’s 

fundamental right to provide for tribal 

resource management activities, 

including those relating to Peninsular 

bighorn sheep. We have determined that 

the identified benefits of excluding the 

Tribal lands from the critical habitat 

designation outweigh the minimal 

benefits of inclusion, and are proposing 

to exclude approximately 4,512 ac 

(1,826 ha) of Tribal lands in Unit 1 from 

the final designation under section 

4(b)(2) of the Act. 

Exclusion Will Not Result in Extinction 

of the Species 

We have determined that the 

exclusion of approximately 4,512 ac 

(1,826 ha) from the final designation of 

critical habitat for Peninsular bighorn 

sheep will not result in the extinction of 

the subspecies because the Tribe 

currently implements a conservation 

strategy for the Peninsular bighorn 

sheep that requires conservation of at 

least 85 percent of bighorn sheep habitat 

identified by the Tribe on Tribal lands 

and 100 percent of bighorn sheep use 

areas and habitat linkages identified by 

the Tribe on Tribal lands. In addition, 

working cooperatively with us, the 

Tribe has made substantial progress in 

developing its Tribal HCP. Through this 

cooperative effort, the Tribe has 

demonstrated a sustained commitment 

to manage its lands in a manner 

consistent with the subspecies’

conservation. Furthermore, the area 

proposed for exclusion is occupied by 

the Peninsular bighorn sheep, and the 

jeopardy standard of section 7 and 

routine implementation of conservation 

measures through the section 7 

consultation process also provide 

assurances that the subspecies will not 

go extinct. The proposed exclusion of 

critical habitat leaves these protections 

unchanged from those that would exist 

if the proposed excluded areas were 

designated as critical habitat. Therefore, 

we have determined that the exclusion 

of the Tribal lands will not result in the 

extinction of the subspecies. 

Lands Covered by Management Plans—

Exclusions Under Section 4(b)(2) of the 

Act 

When performing the required 

analysis under section 4(b)(2) of the Act, 

the existence of a management plan 

(HCPs as well as other types) that 

considers enhancement or recovery of 

listed species as its management 

standard is relevant to our weighing of 

the benefits of inclusion of a particular 

area in the critical habitat designation. 

In analyzing particular areas covered by 

management plans under section 4(b)(2) 

of the Act, we generally consider a 

number of factors including the 

following: 

(1) Whether the plan is complete and 

provides the same or better level of 

protection from adverse modification or 

destruction than that provided through 

a consultation under section 7(a)(2) of 

the Act; 

(2) Whether there is a reasonable 

expectation that the conservation 

management strategies and actions will 


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be implemented for the foreseeable 

future, based on past practices, written 

guidance, or regulations; and 

(3) Whether the plan provides 

conservation strategies and measures 

consistent with currently accepted 

principles of conservation biology. 

Coachella Valley Multiple Species 

Habitat Conservation Plan (MSHCP) 

We believe that the Coachella Valley 

MSHCP, when implemented, will 

provide conservation strategies and 

measures consistent with the 

conservation of the Peninsular bighorn 

sheep. We are confident that the plan 

will be completed in the near future, 

and are considering the exclusion of 

non-Federal lands covered by the plan 

that provide for the conservation of the 

Peninsular bighorn sheep and its PCEs. 

We are requesting comments on the 

benefit to the Peninsular bighorn sheep 

and its PCEs from the conservation 

measures established by the Coachella 

Valley MSHCP. 

The draft MSHCP has been in 

development from the mid-1990s to 

present. The following entities signed 

an MOU (Planning Agreement) to 

govern the preparation of the MSHCP: 

the Coachella Valley Association of 

Governments (CVAG); Cities of 

Cathedral City, Coachella, Desert Hot 

Springs, Indian Wells, Indio, La Quinta, 

Palm Desert, Palm Springs, and Rancho 

Mirage; County of Riverside; Service; 

California Department of Fish and 

Game; BLM; U.S. Forest Service; and 

National Park Service. Subsequently, 

the California Department of 

Transportation, Coachella Valley Water 

District, Imperial Irrigation District, 

Riverside County Flood Control and 

Water Conservation District, Riverside 

County Regional Parks and Open Space 

District, Riverside County Waste 

Management District, California 

Department of Parks and Recreation, 

and Coachella Valley Mountains 

Conservancy decided to participate in 

preparation of the MSHCP. The parties 

later amended the Planning Agreement 

to also address the requirements of the 

Natural Community Conservation 

Planning (NCCP) Act and prepared an 

NCCP pursuant to California Fish and 

Game Code Section 2810. The Coachella 

Valley Association of Governments, 

Coachella Valley Conservation 

Commission, County of Riverside, 

Riverside County Flood Control and 

Water Conservation District, Riverside 

County Regional Parks and Open Space 

District, Riverside County Waste 

Resources Management District, City of 

Cathedral City, City of Coachella, City of 

Indian Wells, City of Indio, City of La 

Quinta, City of Palm Desert, City of 

Palm Springs, City of Rancho Mirage, 

Coachella Valley Water District, 

Imperial Irrigation District, Coachella 

Valley Mountains Conservancy, 

California Department of 

Transportation, and California 

Department of Parks and Recreation 

have submitted an application to the 

Service for a section 10(a)(1)(B) permit 

under the Act. 

The MSHCP area encompasses 

approximately 1.2 million ac (485,623 

ha), of which 69,000 ac (27,923 ha) are 

Tribal lands and are not included in the 

MSHCP, leaving a total of 

approximately 1.1 million ac (445,154 

ha) addressed by the MSHCP in 

Riverside County. BLM has been an 

official participant in the draft 

Coachella Valley MSHCP planning 

process and has committed, under their 

California Desert Conservation Area 

Plan Amendment (CDCAPA), 95 percent 

of their public land base within the 

conservation areas of the MSHCP to be 

managed consistent with the Coachella 

Valley MSHCP once it is completed. 

CVAG has demonstrated a sustained 

commitment to develop the MSHCP to 

comply with section 10(a)(1)(B) of the 

Act, the California Endangered Species 

Act, and the State’s NCCP program. On 

April 21, 2006, the Service published a 

notice of availability of the Final 

Environmental Impact Statement/ 

Environmental Impact Report (EIS/EIR) 

for the MSHCP (71 FR 20719). On 

March 30, 2007, the Service published 

a notice of availability of a supplement 

to the Final EIS for the MSHCP (72 FR 

15148). 

The MSHCP adopted the Peninsular 

bighorn sheep habitat model described 

in the 2000 recovery plan for this 

subspecies (Service 2000). Accordingly, 

the MSHCP area includes 172,811 ac 

(69,934 ha) of modeled Peninsular 

bighorn sheep habitat. These 172,811 ac 

(69,934 ha) include the approximately 

10,761 ac (4,354 ha) we are proposing in 

Unit 1 and the approximately 74,998 ac 

(30,350 ha) we are proposing in Unit 

2A. The draft MSHCP proposes to 

ensure conservation of a minimum of 97 

percent of all modeled habitat for 

Peninsular bighorn sheep as part of the 

preferred alternative reserve design that 

includes large areas of suitable habitat 

(CVAG 2007, p. 9–261). Approximately 

78 percent of the proposed conserved 

modeled habitat are within Existing 

Conservation Lands and will be 

managed as part of the Reserve System 

(CVAG 2007, p. 9–261); the remaining 

19 percent will also be conserved 

according to the draft MSHCP (CVAG 

2007, p. 9–261). Conservation objectives 

of this draft MSHCP include: (1) 

Ensuring conservation of important 

habitat (PCE 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5); (2) 

ensuring connectivity by preventing 

fragmentation and maintaining 

biological corridors and linkages within 

essential habitat to allow dispersal, 

provide for population fluctuation, and 

enhance genetic diversity (PCE 1 and 4); 

and (3) ensuring conservation of habitat 

quality through biological monitoring 

and adaptive management (PCE 1, 2, 3, 

4, and 5) (CVAG 2007, p. 9–261). 

According to the draft MSHCP, 

disturbance to Peninsular bighorn sheep 

with implementation of the plan is 

expected to be low because: (1) 

Conserved habitat areas are large 

enough to maintain self-sustaining 

populations of Peninsular bighorn sheep 

and incorporate key habitat elements for 

the subspecies; (2) implementation of 

the MSHCP is consistent with the 

recovery strategy delineated in the 2000 

recovery plan; (3) implementation of the 

conservation objectives to protect 

habitat for this subspecies will provide 

connectivity; and (4) lands in the 

MSHCP reserve system would be 

managed and monitored to address 

significant edge effect problems, human 

disturbance, fragmentation, impacts 

from exotic species, and other stressors 

to Peninsular bighorn sheep (CVAG 

2007, p. 9–261). 

Although not yet completed and 

implemented, CVAG has made 

significant progress in the development 

of its MSHCP to meet the requirements 

outlined in section 10(a)(1)(B) of the 

Act. In light of the Service’s confidence 

that CVAG will reach a successful 

conclusion to its MSHCP development 

process, we are evaluating and 

considering the possible exclusion of 

approximately 19,211 ac (7,774 ha) of 

private land within their preferred 

alternative reserve design from the final 

revised critical habitat designation for 

Peninsular bighorn sheep depending on 

the progress made on the draft MSHCP 

between now and the publication of the 

final rule. We are requesting comments 

on the benefits to the Peninsular 

bighorn sheep and its PCEs from the 

conservation measures established by 

the MSHCP. 

Included within the MSHCP plan area 

are BLM lands, outside of the Coachella 

Valley Preserve System, which we are 

soliciting comment on the 

appropriateness of excluding from the 

final revised critical habitat designation 

based on BLM’s official participation in 

the draft Coachella Valley MSHCP 

planning process and commitment 

under their CDCAPA to manage their 

lands consistent with the Coachella 

Valley MSHCP once it is completed. We 

are also soliciting comment on the 

appropriateness of excluding CDGF 


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lands within the MSHCP plan area 

based on their involvement with the 

Coachella Valley MSHCP. 

Provisions of the Coachella Valley 

MSHCP Specific to Peninsular Bighorn 

Sheep 

In general, we find that the benefits of 

critical habitat designation on lands 

within pending HCPs that cover those 

species are small, while the benefits of 

excluding such lands from designation 

of critical habitat are substantial. We are 

evaluating and considering the possible 

exclusion of approximately 19,211 ac 

(7,774 ha) of private land within 

CVAG’s MSHCP preferred alternative 

reserve design area from the designation 

of critical habitat. The evaluation 

process involves determining whether 

the benefits of excluding these lands 

from Units 1 and 2A outweigh the 

benefits of including these lands. We 

expect the PCEs required by Peninsular 

bighorn sheep to benefit by the 

conservation measures outlined in the 

MSHCP and as described above. In 

summary, these conservation measures 

include: Conservation of habitat and 

implementation of the MSHCP 

consistent with the recovery plan 

(Service 2000); preservation of essential 

habitat and connectivity; biological 

monitoring and adaptive management; 

and minimization of disturbance and 

edge effects. These specific conservation 

actions, avoidance and minimization 

measures, and management for 

Peninsular bighorn sheep and PCEs, if 

implemented, are expected to exceed 

any conservation value that could be 

provided as a result of regulatory 

protections afforded through a critical 

habitat designation. 

Designation of critical habitat alone 

does not achieve recovery or require 

management of those lands identified in 

the critical habitat rule. The exclusion 

of these lands that we are currently 

evaluating and considering for possible 

exclusion from the final critical habitat 

designation would help preserve the 

partnerships that we have developed 

with the local jurisdictions and project 

proponents in the development of the 

MSHCP. The benefits of excluding these 

lands from critical habitat, should the 

MSHCP be finalized and implemented, 

are expected to outweigh the minimal 

benefits of including these lands as 

critical habitat, including the 

educational benefits of critical habitat 

designation through informing the 

public of areas important for the longterm conservation of Peninsular bighorn 

sheep. Such educational benefits can 

still be accomplished from materials 

provided on our Internet website and 

through the overall designation process, 

including the notice and public 

comment period, which will occur 

whether or not these particular areas are 

designated. 

Economics 

We are preparing an analysis of the 

economic impacts of proposing revised 

critical habitat for the Peninsular 

bighorn sheep. We will announce the 

availability of the draft economic 

analysis as soon as it is completed, at 

which time we will seek public review 

and comment. At that time, copies of 

the draft economic analysis will be 

available for downloading from the 

Internet at http://carlsbad.fws.gov, or by 

contacting the Carlsbad Fish and 

Wildlife Office directly (see ADDRESSES). 

We may exclude areas from the final 

revised rule based on the information in 

the economic analysis. 

Peer Review 

In accordance with our joint policy 

published in the Federal Register on 

July 1, 1994 (59 FR 34270), we are 

requesting the expert opinions of at least 

three appropriate independent 

specialists regarding this proposed rule. 

The purpose of peer review is to ensure 

that our proposed revised critical 

habitat designation is based on 

scientifically sound data, assumptions, 

and analyses. We have invited these 

peer reviewers to comment during this 

public comment period on our specific 

assumptions and conclusions in this 

proposed revision of critical habitat. 

We will consider all comments and 

information we receive during this 

comment period on this proposed 

revised critical habitat rule during our 

preparation of a final determination. 

Accordingly, our final decision may 

differ from this proposal. 

Public Hearings 

The Act provides for one or more 

public hearings on this proposal, if we 

receive any request for hearings. We 

must receive your request for a public 

hearing within 45 days after the date of 

publication in the Federal Register. 

Send your request to the person named 

in FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT. 

We will schedule public hearings on 

this proposal, if any are requested, and 

announce the dates, times, and places of 

those hearings, as well as how to obtain 

reasonable accommodations, in the 

Federal Register and local newspapers 

at least 15 days before the first hearing. 

Required Determinations 

Regulatory Planning and Review 

In accordance with Executive Order 

(E.O.) 12866, this document is a 

significant rule in that it may raise novel 

legal and policy issues. However, based 

on information available from the 

previous designation, we do not 

anticipated that it will have an annual 

effect on the economy of $100 million 

or more or to affect the economy in a 

material way. To determine the 

economic consequences of designating 

the specific area as critical habitat, we 

are preparing a draft economic analysis 

of this proposed action, which will be 

available for public comment. This 

economic analysis also will be used to 

determine compliance with E.O. 12866, 

the Regulatory Flexibility Act, the Small 

Business Regulatory Enforcement 

Fairness Act, E.O. 12630, and E.O. 

13211. 

Further, E.O. 12866 directs Federal 

agencies promulgating regulations to 

evaluate regulatory alternatives (OMB 

Circular A–4, September 17, 2003). 

Under Circular A–4, once an agency 

determines that the Federal regulatory 

action is appropriate, the agency must 

consider alternative regulatory 

approaches. Because the determination 

of critical habitat is a statutory 

requirement under the Act, we must 

evaluate alternative regulatory 

approaches, where feasible, when 

promulgating a designation of critical 

habitat. 

In developing our designations of 

critical habitat, we consider economic 

impacts, impacts to national security, 

and other relevant impacts under 

section 4(b)(2) of the Act. Based on the 

discretion allowable under this 

provision, we may exclude any 

particular area from the designation of 

critical habitat providing that the 

benefits of such exclusion outweigh the 

benefits of specifying the area as critical 

habitat and that such exclusion would 

not result in the extinction of the 

species. As such, we believe that the 

evaluation of the inclusion or exclusion 

of particular areas, or a combination of 

both, constitutes our regulatory 

alternative analysis for designations. 

We will announce the availability of 

the draft economic analysis in the 

Federal Register and in local 

newspapers so that it is available for 

public review and comments. At that 

time, the draft economic analysis will 

also be available on the Internet at 

http://carlsbad.fws.gov, or by contacting 

the Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Office 

directly (see ADDRESSES). 

Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 

et seq.) 

Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act 

(RFA: 5 U.S.C. 601 et seq., as amended 

by the Small Business Regulatory 

Enforcement Fairness Act (SBREFA) of 

1996), whenever an agency must 


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publish a notice of rulemaking for any 

proposed or final rule, it must prepare 

and make available for public comment 

a regulatory flexibility analysis that 

describes the effects of the rule on small 

entities (small businesses, small 

organizations, and small government 

jurisdictions). However, no regulatory 

flexibility analysis is required if the 

head of the agency certifies the rule will 

not have a significant economic impact 

on a substantial number of small 

entities. SBREFA amended RFA to 

require Federal agencies to provide a 

statement of the factual basis for 

certifying that the rule will not have a 

significant economic impact on a 

substantial number of small entities. 

At this time, we lack the available 

economic information necessary to 

provide an adequate factual basis for the 

required RFA finding. Therefore, we 

defer the RFA finding until completion 

of the draft economic analysis prepared 

under section 4(b)(2) of the Act and E.O. 

12866. This draft economic analysis will 

provide the required factual basis for the 

RFA finding. Upon completion of the 

draft economic analysis, we will 

announce availability of the draft 

economic analysis of the proposed 

revised designation in the Federal 

Register and reopen the public 

comment period for the proposed 

revised designation. We will include 

with this announcement, as appropriate, 

an initial regulatory flexibility analysis 

or a certification that the rule will not 

have a significant economic impact on 

a substantial number of small entities 

accompanied by the factual basis for 

that determination. We have concluded 

that deferring the RFA finding until 

completion of the draft economic 

analysis is necessary to meet the 

purposes and requirements of the RFA. 

Deferring the RFA finding in this 

manner will ensure that we make a 

sufficiently informed determination 

based on adequate economic 

information and provide the necessary 

opportunity for public comment. 

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act 

In accordance with the Unfunded 

Mandates Reform Act (2 U.S.C. 1501 et 

seq.), we make the following findings: 

(a) This proposed rule will not 

produce a Federal mandate. In general, 

a Federal mandate is a provision in 

legislation, statute, or regulation that 

would impose an enforceable duty upon 

State, local, or Tribal governments, or 

the private sector, and includes both 

‘‘Federal intergovernmental mandates’’

and ‘‘Federal private sector mandates.’’

These terms are defined in 2 U.S.C. 

658(5)–(7). ‘‘Federal intergovernmental 

mandate’’ includes a regulation that 

‘‘would impose an enforceable duty 

upon State, local, or Tribal 

governments’’ with two exceptions. It 

excludes ‘‘a condition of Federal 

assistance.’’ It also excludes ‘‘a duty 

arising from participation in a voluntary 

Federal program,’’ unless the regulation 

‘‘relates to a then-existing Federal 

program under which $500,000,000 or 

more is provided annually to State, 

local, and Tribal governments under 

entitlement authority,’’ if the provision 

would ‘‘increase the stringency of 

conditions of assistance’’ or ‘‘place caps 

upon, or otherwise decrease, the Federal 

Government’s responsibility to provide 

funding,’’ and the State, local, or Tribal 

governments ‘‘lack authority’’ to adjust 

accordingly. At the time of enactment, 

these entitlement programs were: 

Medicaid; AFDC work programs; Child 

Nutrition; Food Stamps; Social Services 

Block Grants; Vocational Rehabilitation 

State Grants; Foster Care, Adoption 

Assistance, and Independent Living; 

Family Support Welfare Services; and 

Child Support Enforcement. ‘‘Federal 

private sector mandate’’ includes a 

regulation that ‘‘would impose an 

enforceable duty upon the private 

sector, except (i) a condition of Federal 

assistance or (ii) a duty arising from 

participation in a voluntary Federal 

program.’’

The designation of critical habitat 

does not impose a legally binding duty 

on non-Federal Government entities or 

private parties. Under the Act, the only 

regulatory effect is that Federal agencies 

must ensure that their actions do not 

destroy or adversely modify critical 

habitat under section 7. While nonFederal entities that receive Federal 

funding, assistance, or permits, or that 

otherwise require approval or 

authorization from a Federal agency for 

an action may be indirectly impacted by 

the designation of critical habitat, the 

legally binding duty to avoid 

destruction or adverse modification of 

critical habitat rests squarely on the 

Federal agency. Furthermore, to the 

extent that non-Federal entities are 

indirectly impacted because they 

receive Federal assistance or participate 

in a voluntary Federal aid program, the 

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act would 

not apply, nor would critical habitat 

shift the costs of the large entitlement 

programs listed above onto State 

governments. 

(b) Due to current public knowledge 

of the subspecies’ protection, the 

prohibition against take of the 

subspecies both within and outside of 

the areas proposed in this rule for 

designation and the fact that the vast 

majority of the areas proposed in this 

rule are currently designated as critical 

habitat, we do not believe that this 

proposed rule will significantly or 

uniquely affect small governments. 

Therefore, a Small Government Agency 

Plan is not required. However, as we 

conduct our economic analysis, we will 

further evaluate this issue and revise 

this assessment if appropriate. 

Takings 

In accordance with E.O. 12630 

(Government Actions and Interference 

with Constitutionally Protected Private 

Property Rights), we have analyzed the 

potential takings implications of 

designating revised critical habitat for 

the Peninsular bighorn sheep in a 

takings implications assessment. The 

takings implications assessment 

concludes that this proposed revised 

designation of critical habitat for the 

Peninsular bighorn sheep does not pose 

significant takings implications for 

lands within or affected by the 

designation. 

Federalism 

In accordance with E.O. 13132 

(Federalism), this proposed rule does 

not have significant Federalism effects. 

A Federalism assessment is not 

required. In keeping with Department of 

the Interior and Department of 

Commerce policy, we requested 

information from, and coordinated 

development of, this proposed revised 

critical habitat designation with 

appropriate State resource agencies in 

California. Critical habitat is already 

designated for the Peninsular bighorn 

sheep. If finalized, this proposal to 

revise the designated critical habitat 

will result in a significant decrease in 

the area designated. Thus, the 

designation of revised critical habitat for 

the Peninsular bighorn sheep would not 

impose any additional regulatory 

restrictions to those currently in place 

and, therefore, has little incremental 

impact on State and local governments 

and their activities. The designation 

may have some benefit to these 

governments because the areas that 

contain the features essential to the 

conservation of the subspecies are more 

clearly defined, and the PCEs of the 

habitat necessary to the conservation of 

the subspecies are specifically 

identified. This information does not 

alter where and what federally 

sponsored activities may occur. 

However, it may assist local 

governments in long-range planning 

(rather than having them wait for caseby-case section 7 consultations to 

occur). 


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Civil Justice Reform 

In accordance with E.O. 12988 (Civil 

Justice Reform), the Office of the 

Solicitor has determined that this 

proposed rule does not unduly burden 

the judicial system and that it meets the 

requirements of sections 3(a) and 3(b)(2) 

of the Order. We have proposed revised 

critical habitat in accordance with the 

provisions of the Act. This proposed 

rule uses standard property descriptions 

and identifies the PCEs within the areas 

proposed for designation to assist the 

public in understanding the habitat 

needs of the Peninsular bighorn sheep. 

Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 

U.S.C. 3501 et seq.) 

This proposed rule does not contain 

any new collections of information that 

require approval by OMB under the 

Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 

U.S.C. 3501 et seq.). This rule will not 

impose recordkeeping or reporting 

requirements on State or local 

governments, individuals, businesses, or 

organizations. An agency may not 

conduct or sponsor, and a person is not 

required to respond to, a collection of 

information unless it displays a 

currently valid OMB control number. 

National Environmental Policy Act 

(NEPA) (42 U.S.C. 4321 et. seq.) 

It is our position that, outside the 

jurisdiction of the Circuit Court of the 

United States for the Tenth Circuit, we 

do not need to prepare environmental 

analyses as defined by NEPA (42 U.S.C. 

4321 et seq.) in connection with 

designating critical habitat under the 

Act. We published a notice outlining 

our reasons for this determination in the 

Federal Register on October 25, 1983 

(48 FR 49244). This assertion was 

upheld by the Circuit Court of the 

United States for the Ninth Circuit Court 

(Douglas County v. Babbitt, 48 F.3d 

1495 (9th Cir. Ore. 1995), cert. denied 

116 S. Ct. 698 (1996)). 

Clarity of the Rule 

We are required by Executive Orders 

12866 and 12988 and by the 

Presidential Memorandum of June 1, 

1998, to write all rules in plain 

language. This means that each rule we 

publish must: 

(a) Be logically organized; 

(b) Use the active voice to address 

readers directly; 

(c) Use clear language rather than 

jargon; 

(d) Be divided into short sections and 

sentences; and 

(e) Use lists and tables wherever 

possible. 

If you feel that we have not met these 

requirements, send us comments by one 

of the methods listed in the ADDRESSES

section. To better help us revise the 

rule, your comments should be as 

specific as possible. For example, you 

should tell us the numbers of the 

sections or paragraphs that are unclearly 

written, which sections or sentences are 

too long, the sections where you feel 

lists or tables would be useful, etc. 

Government-to-Government 

Relationship With Tribes 

In accordance with the President’s 

memorandum of April 29, 1994, 

Government-to-Government Relations 

with Native American Tribal 

Governments’ (59 FR 22951), E.O. 

13175, and the Department of the 

Interior’s manual at 512 DM 2, we 

readily acknowledge our responsibility 

to communicate meaningfully with 

recognized Federal Tribes on a 

government-to-government basis. In 

accordance with Secretarial Order 3206 

of June 5, 1997 (American Indian Tribal 

Rights, Federal-Tribal Trust 

Responsibilities, and the Endangered 

Species Act), we readily acknowledge 

our responsibilities to work directly 

with Tribes in developing programs for 

healthy ecosystems, to acknowledge that 

tribal lands are not subject to the same 

controls as Federal public lands, to 

remain sensitive to Indian culture, and 

to make information available to Tribes. 

We have identified Tribal lands that 

meet the definition of critical habitat for 

the Peninsular bighorn sheep, and have 

included them in this proposal. 

However, we are proposing to exclude 

all Tribal lands from the final critical 

habitat designation under section 4(b)(2) 

of the Act (see ‘‘Proposed Exclusion of 

Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians 

Tribal Lands Under Section 4(b)(2) of 

the Act’’ for a detailed discussion). We 

will continue to coordinate with the 

Tribe during the designation process. 

Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use 

On May 18, 2001, the President issued 

an Executive Order (E.O. 13211; Actions 

Concerning Regulations That 

Significantly Affect Energy Supply, 

Distribution, or Use) on regulations that 

significantly affect energy supply, 

distribution, and use. E.O. 13211 

requires agencies to prepare Statements 

of Energy Effects when undertaking 

certain actions. While this proposed 

rule to designate revised critical habitat 

for the Peninsular bighorn sheep is a 

significant regulatory action under E.O. 

12866 in that it may raise novel legal 

and policy issues, we do not expect it 

to significantly affect energy supplies, 

distribution, or use. Therefore, this 

action is not a significant energy action, 

and no Statement of Energy Effects is 

required. However, we will further 

evaluate this issue as we conduct our 

economic analysis, and review and 

revise this assessment as warranted. 

References Cited 

A complete list of all references cited 

in this rulemaking is available upon 

request from the Field Supervisor, 

Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Office (see 

ADDRESSES). 

Author 

The primary author of this package is 

Justin Shoemaker of the Carlsbad Fish 

and Wildlife Office. 

List of Subjects in 50 CFR Part 17 

Endangered and threatened species, 

Exports, Imports, Reporting and 

recordkeeping requirements, 

Transportation. 

Proposed Regulation Promulgation 

Accordingly, we propose to amend 

part 17, subchapter B of chapter I, title 

50 of the Code of Federal Regulations, 

as set forth below: 

PART 17—[AMENDED] 

1. The authority citation for part 17 

continues to read as follows: 

Authority: 16 U.S.C. 1361–1407; 16 U.S.C. 

1531–1544; 16 U.S.C. 4201–4245; Pub. L. 99–

625, 100 Stat. 3500; unless otherwise noted. 

2. In § 17.11(h), revise the entry for 

‘‘Sheep, bighorn’’ under ‘‘MAMMALS’’

in the List of Endangered and 

Threatened Wildlife to read as follows: 

§ 17.11 Endangered and threatened 

wildlife. 

* * * * * 

(h) * * * 


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Species 

Historic range 

Vertebrate population where endangered or threatened 

Status When listed Critical 

habitat 

Special 

rules Common name Scientific name 

MAMMALS

* * * * * * * 

Sheep, Peninsular 

bighorn.

Ovis canadensis 

nelsoni.

U.S.A. (western 

conterminous 

States), Canada 

(south-western), 

Mexico (northern).

U.S.A. (CA) Peninsular Ranges.E 634 17.95(a) NA. 

* * * * * * * 

3. In § 17.95(a), revise the entry for 

Bighorn Sheep (Peninsular Ranges)(Ovis 

canadensis) to read as follows: 

§ 17.95 Critical habitat—fish and wildlife. 

(a) Mammals. 

* * * * * 

Bighorn Sheep (Peninsular Ranges) 

(Ovis canadensis nelsoni) 

(1) Critical habitat units are depicted 

for Riverside, San Diego, and Imperial 

Counties, California, on the maps below. 

(2) The primary constituent elements 

of critical habitat for the Peninsular 

bighorn sheep are: 

(i) Moderate to steep, open slopes (20 

to 60 percent) and canyons, with canopy 

cover of 30 percent or less (below 4,600 

feet (1,402 meters) elevation in the 

Peninsular Ranges) that provide space 

for sheltering, predator detection, 

rearing of young, foraging and watering, 

mating, and movement within and 

between ewe groups. 

(ii) Presence of a variety of forage 

plants, indicated by the presence of 

shrubs (e.g., Ambrosia spp., Caesalpinia 

spp., Hyptis spp., Sphaeralcea spp., 

Simmondsia spp.), that provide a 

primary food source year round, grasses 

(e.g., Aristida spp., Bromus spp.) and 

cacti (e.g., Opuntia spp.) that provide a 

source of forage in the fall, and forbs 

(e.g., Plantago spp., Ditaxis spp.) that 

provide a source of forage in the spring. 

(iii) Steep, rugged, slopes (60 percent 

slope or greater) (below 4,600 feet (1,402 

meters) elevation in the Peninsular 

Ranges) that provide secluded space for 

lambing as well as terrain for predator 

evasion. 

(iv) Alluvial fans, washes, and valley 

bottoms that provide important foraging 

areas where nutritious and digestible 

plants can be more readily found during 

times of drought and lactation and that 

provide and maintain habitat 

connectivity by serving as travel routes 

between and within ewe groups, 

adjacent mountain ranges, and 

important resources areas, such as 

foraging areas and escape terrain. 

(v) Intermittent and permanent water 

sources that are available during 

extended dry periods and that provide 

relatively nutritious plants and drinking 

water. 

(3) Critical habitat does not include 

manmade structures (such as buildings, 

aqueducts, roads, and other paved areas) 

and the land on which they are located 

existing within the legal boundaries on 

the effective date of this rule. 

(4) Critical habitat map units. Data 

layers defining map units were created 

on a base of USGS 1:24,000 maps, and 

critical habitat units were then mapped 

using Universal Transverse Mercator 

(UTM) coordinates. 

(5) Note: Index map of critical habitat 

units for the Peninsular bighorn sheep 

(Map 1) follows: 

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Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 195 / Wednesday, October 10, 2007 / Proposed Rules 57763 

(6) Unit 1: San Jacinto Mountains, 

Riverside County, California. 

(i) From USGS 1:24,000 quadrangles 

Desert Hot Springs, Palm Springs, and 

San Jacinto Peak, and White Water. 

Land bounded by the following 

Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) 

North American Datum of 1927 

(NAD27) coordinates (E, N): 534134, 

3750021; 534465, 3749681; 534495, 

3749651; 534495, 3749651; 534495, 

3749651; 534495, 3749651; 534572, 

3749621; 534997, 3749456; 534792, 

3749102; 534885, 3748934; 535128, 

3748785; 535310, 3748807; 535426, 

3748822; 535471, 3748798; 535663, 

3748697; 535706, 3748674; 535706, 

3748652; 535713, 3748654; 535739, 

3748650; 535777, 3748637; 535816, 

3748627; 535834, 3748623; 535944, 

3748624; 535999, 3748624; 536000, 

3748624; 536000, 3748624; 536056, 

3748624; 536056, 3748656; 536499, 

3748909; 536927, 3749153; 537308, 

3748794; 538009, 3748134; 538064, 

3748082; 538535, 3747726; 538535, 

3747703; 538566, 3747702; 538901, 

3747449; 539106, 3747293; 539235, 

3746550; 539240, 3746463; 539240, 

3746455; 539254, 3746181; 539088, 

3745848; 539244, 3745133; 539265, 

3745144; 539562, 3745200; 539802, 

3745192; 540194, 3745168; 540512, 

3745097; 540512, 3744900; 540511, 

3744851; 540512, 3744847; 540521, 

3744847; 540607, 3744847; 540817, 

3744847; 540900, 3744846; 540900, 

3744846; 540900, 3744800; 540900, 

3744700; 540900, 3744600; 540900, 

3744500; 540900, 3744400; 540800, 

3744400; 540800, 3744300; 540700, 

3744300; 540600, 3744300; 540600, 

3744200; 540511, 3744200; 540504, 

3744200; 540500, 3744200; 540500, 

3744100; 540503, 3744100; 540511, 

3744100; 540600, 3744100; 540600, 

3744000; 540600, 3743900; 540700, 

3743900; 540700, 3743800; 540700, 

3743700; 540800, 3743700; 540800, 

3743600; 540800, 3743500; 540885, 

3743501; 540883, 3743342; 540906, 

3743287; 541006, 3743322; 541083, 

3743355; 541120, 3743355; 541171, 

3743337; 541299, 3743351; 541300, 

3743300; 541300, 3743238; 541300, 

3743231; 541300, 3743200; 541321, 

3743200; 541321, 3743196; 541330, 

3743175; 541340, 3743160; 541342, 

3743145; 541344, 3743138; 541348, 

3743132; 541353, 3743127; 541356, 

3743122; 541362, 3743116; 541368, 

3743111; 541371, 3743107; 541376, 

3743098; 541377, 3743095; 541379, 

3743089; 541378, 3743082; 541380, 

3743075; 541381, 3743070; 541384, 

3743064; 541388, 3743060; 541395, 

3743053; 541403, 3743047; 541413, 

3743043; 541417, 3743039; 541425, 

3743032; 541431, 3743027; 541436, 

3743021; 541441, 3743015; 541446, 

3743006; 541451, 3742997; 541455, 

3742984; 541464, 3742970; 541466, 

3742965; 541471, 3742960; 541477, 

3742957; 541484, 3742953; 541494, 

3742952; 541501, 3742951; 541508, 

3742951; 541523, 3742951; 541527, 

3742951; 541532, 3742952; 541539, 

3742952; 541547, 3742951; 541555, 

3742952; 541559, 3742952; 541562, 

3742951; 541571, 3742947; 541581, 

3742942; 541589, 3742939; 541594, 

3742933; 541600, 3742929; 541607, 

3742925; 541616, 3742918; 541624, 

3742914; 541633, 3742910; 541640, 

3742907; 541651, 3742905; 541659, 

3742905; 541659, 3742904; 541653, 

3742806; 541679, 3742804; 541670, 

3742734; 541637, 3742740; 541625, 

3742693; 541648, 3742693; 541662, 

3742659; 541682, 3742612; 541683, 

3742557; 541683, 3742510; 541683, 

3742508; 541670, 3742508; 541661, 

3742507; 541661, 3742507; 541661, 

3742554; 541615, 3742554; 541616, 

3742507; 541598, 3742507; 541598, 

3742517; 541517, 3742516; 541476, 

3742516; 541436, 3742516; 541411, 

3742516; 541400, 3742516; 541395, 

3742516; 541377, 3742516; 541376, 

3742507; 541385, 3742432; 541375, 

3742432; 541375, 3742390; 541374, 

3742350; 541368, 3742344; 541374, 

3742328; 541354, 3742228; 541329, 

3742228; 541330, 3742217; 541331, 

3742061; 541331, 3742036; 541331, 

3742016; 541332, 3741932; 541340, 

3741932; 541369, 3741932; 541369, 

3741922; 541370, 3741805; 541370, 

3741803; 541370, 3741745; 541357, 

3741745; 541334, 3741730; 541294, 

3741729; 541261, 3741729; 541261, 

3741677; 541271, 3741677; 541271, 

3741641; 541271, 3741640; 541271, 

3741640; 541271, 3741632; 541126, 

3741630; 541100, 3741630; 541100, 

3741600; 541100, 3741500; 541100, 

3741400; 541100, 3741281; 541176, 

3741283; 541189, 3741189; 541192, 

3741167; 541203, 3741100; 541300, 

3741100; 541400, 3741100; 541500, 

3741100; 541600, 3741100; 541600, 

3741000; 541600, 3740900; 541600, 

3740800; 541600, 3740700; 541600, 

3740600; 541653, 3740533; 541700, 

3740495; 541700, 3740400; 541800, 

3740400; 541900, 3740400; 541934, 

3740399; 541935, 3740284; 542001, 

3740285; 542000, 3740200; 542000, 

3740135; 541936, 3740129; 541942, 

3740080; 541965, 3740053; 541966, 

3740025; 541939, 3740025; 541815, 

3740026; 541744, 3740027; 541718, 

3740027; 541660, 3740028; 541660, 

3740023; 541656, 3739951; 541628, 

3739931; 541607, 3739915; 541605, 

3739900; 541600, 3739900; 541600, 

3739876; 541596, 3739853; 541587, 

3739805; 541586, 3739800; 541584, 

3739767; 541582, 3739736; 541584, 

3739712; 541586, 3739702; 541584, 

3739694; 541585, 3739694; 541586, 

3739694; 541586, 3739694; 541587, 

3739693; 541587, 3739693; 541587, 

3739693; 541588, 3739693; 541588, 

3739692; 541588, 3739692; 541589, 

3739692; 541589, 3739692; 541589, 

3739691; 541589, 3739691; 541590, 

3739691; 541590, 3739690; 541590, 

3739690; 541590, 3739689; 541590, 

3739689; 541591, 3739689; 541591, 

3739688; 541591, 3739688; 541591, 

3739687; 541591, 3739687; 541591, 

3739686; 541591, 3739686; 541590, 

3739675; 541587, 3739630; 541587, 

3739629; 541587, 3739629; 541587, 

3739628; 541587, 3739628; 541587, 

3739627; 541587, 3739627; 541587, 

3739626; 541587, 3739626; 541587, 

3739625; 541587, 3739625; 541587, 

3739624; 541588, 3739624; 541588, 

3739623; 541588, 3739623; 541588, 

3739623; 541588, 3739622; 541589, 

3739622; 541589, 3739621; 541589, 

3739621; 541589, 3739621; 541590, 

3739620; 541590, 3739620; 541590, 

3739620; 541591, 3739619; 541591, 

3739619; 541591, 3739619; 541592, 

3739618; 541592, 3739618; 541592, 

3739618; 541593, 3739618; 541593, 

3739618; 541593, 3739617; 541594, 

3739617; 541594, 3739617; 541595, 

3739617; 541595, 3739616; 541596, 

3739616; 541596, 3739616; 541596, 

3739616; 541597, 3739616; 541597, 

3739616; 541598, 3739616; 541598, 

3739616; 541600, 3739615; 541600, 

3739613; 541563, 3739614; 541552, 

3739562; 541589, 3739529; 541590, 

3739528; 541608, 3739475; 541612, 

3739464; 541663, 3739439; 541692, 

3739425; 541695, 3739423; 541700, 

3739418; 541700, 3739400; 541716, 

3739400; 541731, 3739383; 541733, 

3739381; 541755, 3739364; 541790, 

3739336; 541792, 3739334; 541800, 

3739324; 541800, 3739300; 541700, 

3739300; 541700, 3739296; 541644, 

3739296; 541644, 3739061; 541644, 

3738884; 541866, 3738884; 541933, 

3738882; 541933, 3738883; 541952, 

3738884; 541952, 3738835; 541969, 

3738835; 541969, 3738764; 541969, 

3738731; 541969, 3738713; 541969, 

3738680; 541976, 3738680; 541951, 

3738614; 541948, 3738608; 541944, 

3738600; 541900, 3738600; 541900, 

3738500; 541900, 3738419; 541900, 

3738415; 541900, 3738400; 542000, 

3738400; 542000, 3738300; 542000, 

3738200; 542000, 3738100; 541900, 

3738100; 541900, 3738000; 541900, 

3737900; 541900, 3737800; 541800, 

3737800; 541800, 3737700; 541800, 

3737600; 541800, 3737500; 541800, 


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57764 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 195 / Wednesday, October 10, 2007 / Proposed Rules 

3737400; 541800, 3737300; 541800, 

3737200; 541800, 3737100; 541800, 

3737000; 541654, 3736803; 541356, 

3736400; 540393, 3735196; 540363, 

3735192; 540248, 3735176; 540154, 

3735163; 539396, 3735059; 539294, 

3735160; 539283, 3735171; 539017, 

3735437; 538757, 3735957; 538752, 

3735967; 538746, 3735980; 538742, 

3735987; 538295, 3736400; 538230, 

3736767; 538230, 3736770; 538226, 

3736793; 538192, 3736985; 538020, 

3738154; 538050, 3738381; 538054, 

3738413; 538089, 3738670; 538554, 

3740001; 538562, 3740021; 538570, 

3740046; 538536, 3741559; 538504, 

3741614; 538492, 3741634; 538054, 

3742384; 537372, 3743203; 537372, 

3743212; 537364, 3743212; 537345, 

3743236; 537276, 3743318; 537194, 

3743416; 536728, 3743936; 536656, 

3744024; 536634, 3744087; 536100, 

3744346; 535828, 3744823; 535817, 

3744844; 535732, 3744992; 535666, 

3745108; 535665, 3745109; 535413, 

3745553; 535253, 3746458; 535247, 

3746495; 534970, 3746845; 534866, 

3746975; 534865, 3746975; 534176, 

3746882; 534115, 3746840; 534063, 

3746805; 533524, 3746435; 531977, 

3746795; 531267, 3747050; 530862, 

3747228; 530502, 3747386; 530397, 

3748001; 530372, 3748150; 530502, 

3749549; 530595, 3749599; 530839, 

3749730; 531024, 3749829; 531605, 

3749724; 531646, 3749716; 531687, 

3749709; 531689, 3749708; 531720, 

3749703; 531721, 3749703; 531721, 

3749703; 531733, 3749728; 531811, 

3749890; 532087, 3750462; 532854, 

3750401; 533216, 3750372; 533936, 

3750224; 534059, 3750098; thence 

returning to 534134, 3750021. 

(ii) Note: Map of Unit 1, San Jacinto 

Mountains (Map 2) follows: 

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57766 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 195 / Wednesday, October 10, 2007 / Proposed Rules 

(7) Unit 2A: North Santa Rosa 

Moutains, Riverside County, California. 

(i) From USGS 1:24,000 quadrangles 

Cathedral City, Clark Lake NE, La 

Quinta, Martinez Mountain, Palm 

Springs, Palm View Peak, Rabbit Peak, 

Rancho Mirage, Toro Peak, and Valerie. 

Land bounded by the following 

Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) 

North American Datum of 1927 

(NAD27) coordinates (E, N): 548200, 

3735505; 548200, 3735500; 548211, 

3735500; 548229, 3735493; 548242, 

3735488; 548253, 3735483; 548278, 

3735474; 548285, 3735471; 548300, 

3735465; 548300, 3735400; 548400, 

3735400; 548500, 3735400; 548500, 

3735480; 548515, 3735478; 548523, 

3735478; 548560, 3735481; 548580, 

3735488; 548591, 3735491; 548607, 

3735496; 548608, 3735496; 548608, 

3735496; 548644, 3735490; 548659, 

3735497; 548673, 3735503; 548690, 

3735520; 548716, 3735546; 548720, 

3735550; 548736, 3735569; 548768, 

3735606; 548773, 3735615; 548783, 

3735631; 548778, 3735657; 548778, 

3735659; 548799, 3735678; 548821, 

3735687; 548825, 3735689; 548844, 

3735682; 548868, 3735674; 548874, 

3735672; 548890, 3735664; 548892, 

3735663; 548909, 3735654; 548955, 

3735628; 549021, 3735590; 549038, 

3735580; 549075, 3735551; 549085, 

3735544; 549101, 3735534; 549131, 

3735513; 549131, 3735526; 549125, 

3735553; 549111, 3735581; 549105, 

3735594; 549077, 3735654; 549074, 

3735660; 549074, 3735680; 549089, 

3735687; 549102, 3735682; 549097, 

3735720; 549094, 3735745; 549093, 

3735749; 549102, 3735757; 549132, 

3735749; 549145, 3735755; 549157, 

3735754; 549169, 3735738; 549180, 

3735744; 549175, 3735804; 549186, 

3735810; 549195, 3735817; 549205, 

3735819; 549238, 3735827; 549245, 

3735846; 549250, 3735853; 549251, 

3735854; 549278, 3735863; 549285, 

3735868; 549280, 3735880; 549283, 

3735883; 549285, 3735886; 549307, 

3735894; 549331, 3735897; 549350, 

3735888; 549369, 3735874; 549387, 

3735876; 549392, 3735881; 549418, 

3735882; 549440, 3735896; 549472, 

3735885; 549482, 3735882; 549484, 

3735894; 549462, 3735909; 549457, 

3735936; 549469, 3735963; 549475, 

3735976; 549488, 3735971; 549491, 

3735983; 549476, 3736004; 549481, 

3736011; 549496, 3736013; 549480, 

3736033; 549471, 3736057; 549476, 

3736063; 549495, 3736054; 549524, 

3736058; 549532, 3736058; 549543, 

3736072; 549566, 3736077; 549559, 

3736095; 549544, 3736095; 549536, 

3736099; 549533, 3736119; 549533, 

3736122; 549534, 3736122; 549535, 

3736125; 549536, 3736127; 549538, 

3736129; 549540, 3736131; 549542, 

3736134; 549544, 3736136; 549545, 

3736138; 549545, 3736139; 549545, 

3736142; 549545, 3736143; 549543, 

3736147; 549540, 3736154; 549532, 

3736170; 549540, 3736182; 549548, 

3736181; 549550, 3736180; 549552, 

3736180; 549554, 3736181; 549556, 

3736181; 549558, 3736182; 549560, 

3736183; 549562, 3736184; 549563, 

3736186; 549564, 3736187; 549565, 

3736189; 549566, 3736190; 549566, 

3736193; 549566, 3736194; 549566, 

3736195; 549566, 3736198; 549566, 

3736208; 549565, 3736223; 549565, 

3736226; 549565, 3736230; 549567, 

3736233; 549568, 3736235; 549571, 

3736237; 549573, 3736239; 549579, 

3736240; 549587, 3736243; 549612, 

3736250; 549636, 3736257; 549656, 

3736252; 549662, 3736252; 549670, 

3736252; 549686, 3736237; 549699, 

3736225; 549708, 3736216; 549711, 

3736214; 549715, 3736211; 549718, 

3736209; 549722, 3736208; 549725, 

3736207; 549729, 3736207; 549733, 

3736208; 549738, 3736209; 549742, 

3736211; 549761, 3736197; 549759, 

3736139; 549767, 3736122; 549786, 

3736105; 549767, 3736083; 549769, 

3736079; 549756, 3736075; 549727, 

3736047; 549720, 3736025; 549719, 

3736021; 549712, 3736002; 549700, 

3735923; 549700, 3735922; 549700, 

3735920; 549700, 3735919; 549700, 

3735918; 549700, 3735917; 549700, 

3735916; 549700, 3735915; 549700, 

3735914; 549701, 3735913; 549701, 

3735912; 549701, 3735911; 549701, 

3735910; 549702, 3735909; 549702, 

3735908; 549702, 3735907; 549703, 

3735906; 549703, 3735905; 549704, 

3735904; 549704, 3735903; 549705, 

3735902; 549705, 3735901; 549706, 

3735900; 549707, 3735900; 549707, 

3735899; 549708, 3735898; 549709, 

3735897; 549709, 3735896; 549710, 

3735896; 549711, 3735895; 549712, 

3735894; 549713, 3735894; 549714, 

3735893; 549714, 3735893; 549715, 

3735892; 549743, 3735876; 549745, 

3735880; 549781, 3735853; 549789, 

3735826; 549791, 3735825; 549791, 

3735824; 549791, 3735824; 549791, 

3735823; 549791, 3735822; 549791, 

3735821; 549791, 3735821; 549791, 

3735820; 549791, 3735819; 549791, 

3735818; 549791, 3735818; 549791, 

3735817; 549792, 3735816; 549792, 

3735815; 549792, 3735815; 549793, 

3735814; 549793, 3735813; 549794, 

3735812; 549795, 3735812; 549795, 

3735811; 549796, 3735811; 549796, 

3735810; 549797, 3735810; 549798, 

3735809; 549799, 3735809; 549800, 

3735808; 549800, 3735800; 549800, 

3735800; 549796, 3735781; 549806, 

3735744; 549822, 3735720; 549826, 

3735715; 549829, 3735715; 549829, 

3735714; 549829, 3735713; 549829, 

3735712; 549829, 3735712; 549829, 

3735711; 549829, 3735710; 549830, 

3735709; 549830, 3735709; 549830, 

3735708; 549831, 3735707; 549831, 

3735706; 549832, 3735706; 549832, 

3735705; 549833, 3735704; 549834, 

3735704; 549834, 3735703; 549835, 

3735703; 549836, 3735702; 549837, 

3735702; 549837, 3735701; 549824, 

3735668; 549838, 3735639; 549839, 

3735612; 549849, 3735609; 549848, 

3735608; 549848, 3735608; 549848, 

3735607; 549848, 3735606; 549848, 

3735605; 549848, 3735605; 549848, 

3735604; 549848, 3735603; 549848, 

3735602; 549849, 3735602; 549849, 

3735601; 549849, 3735600; 549849, 

3735599; 549850, 3735599; 549850, 

3735598; 549851, 3735597; 549851, 

3735596; 549823, 3735574; 549824, 

3735562; 549827, 3735533; 549826, 

3735518; 549825, 3735502; 549830, 

3735469; 549808, 3735401; 549818, 

3735395; 549817, 3735395; 549817, 

3735394; 549817, 3735393; 549817, 

3735392; 549816, 3735392; 549816, 

3735391; 549816, 3735390; 549816, 

3735389; 549816, 3735389; 549816, 

3735388; 549816, 3735387; 549816, 

3735386; 549816, 3735386; 549816, 

3735385; 549817, 3735384; 549817, 

3735383; 549817, 3735383; 549818, 

3735382; 549818, 3735381; 549818, 

3735380; 549819, 3735380; 549820, 

3735379; 549820, 3735378; 549821, 

3735378; 549821, 3735377; 549822, 

3735377; 549953, 3735297; 549954, 

3735296; 549954, 3735296; 549955, 

3735296; 549956, 3735295; 549957, 

3735295; 549958, 3735295; 549959, 

3735295; 549960, 3735295; 549961, 

3735295; 549962, 3735295; 549963, 

3735295; 549964, 3735295; 549965, 

3735296; 549967, 3735296; 549967, 

3735297; 549968, 3735297; 549969, 

3735298; 549969, 3735298; 549970, 

3735299; 549971, 3735300; 549971, 

3735301; 549972, 3735301; 549978, 

3735298; 549990, 3735306; 550026, 

3735349; 550020, 3735384; 550027, 

3735388; 550056, 3735480; 550056, 

3735481; 550057, 3735483; 550056, 

3735589; 550057, 3735589; 550103, 

3735589; 550104, 3735589; 550105, 

3735590; 550106, 3735591; 550106, 

3735592; 550107, 3735594; 550108, 

3735595; 550109, 3735596; 550110, 

3735597; 550111, 3735598; 550111, 

3735598; 550127, 3735614; 550129, 

3735617; 550135, 3735612; 550136, 

3735614; 550137, 3735616; 550139, 

3735617; 550140, 3735619; 550141, 

3735621; 550142, 3735622; 550142, 

3735624; 550143, 3735626; 550144, 

3735628; 550145, 3735630; 550146, 


pwalker on PROD1PC71 with PROPOSALS2
Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 195 / Wednesday, October 10, 2007 / Proposed Rules 57767 

3735631; 550147, 3735633; 550147, 

3735635; 550148, 3735637; 550149, 

3735639; 550150, 3735641; 550150, 

3735642; 550151, 3735644; 550151, 

3735646; 550152, 3735648; 550152, 

3735650; 550153, 3735652; 550153, 

3735654; 550154, 3735656; 550154, 

3735658; 550154, 3735660; 550155, 

3735662; 550155, 3735664; 550155, 

3735666; 550155, 3735668; 550155, 

3735670; 550155, 3735672; 550156, 

3735675; 550156, 3735675; 550157, 

3735675; 550158, 3735675; 550159, 

3735676; 550160, 3735676; 550161, 

3735677; 550161, 3735678; 550162, 

3735678; 550163, 3735679; 550163, 

3735680; 550163, 3735681; 550163, 

3735681; 550164, 3735682; 550164, 

3735683; 550165, 3735684; 550165, 

3735684; 550166, 3735685; 550167, 

3735686; 550167, 3735686; 550168, 

3735687; 550172, 3735689; 550173, 

3735690; 550174, 3735690; 550175, 

3735690; 550176, 3735690; 550177, 

3735690; 550178, 3735690; 550179, 

3735690; 550179, 3735690; 550180, 

3735689; 550181, 3735689; 550182, 

3735689; 550182, 3735688; 550183, 

3735688; 550184, 3735688; 550185, 

3735687; 550186, 3735687; 550186, 

3735687; 550187, 3735687; 550188, 

3735687; 550189, 3735688; 550190, 

3735688; 550191, 3735688; 550192, 

3735689; 550193, 3735689; 550196, 

3735684; 550266, 3735736; 550288, 

3735753; 550283, 3735771; 550307, 

3735790; 550308, 3735790; 550309, 

3735791; 550310, 3735792; 550311, 

3735792; 550312, 3735793; 550313, 

3735793; 550347, 3735814; 550364, 

3735827; 550365, 3735828; 550366, 

3735829; 550366, 3735829; 550367, 

3735830; 550367, 3735830; 550368, 

3735831; 550368, 3735831; 550369, 

3735832; 550370, 3735833; 550371, 

3735834; 550372, 3735835; 550373, 

3735837; 550373, 3735837; 550374, 

3735839; 550375, 3735839; 550375, 

3735841; 550376, 3735841; 550376, 

3735842; 550377, 3735843; 550377, 

3735844; 550378, 3735845; 550378, 

3735846; 550379, 3735847; 550380, 

3735848; 550380, 3735849; 550381, 

3735850; 550381, 3735851; 550382, 

3735852; 550383, 3735853; 550384, 

3735854; 550384, 3735855; 550385, 

3735856; 550386, 3735856; 550386, 

3735857; 550387, 3735858; 550388, 

3735859; 550389, 3735860; 550390, 

3735860; 550391, 3735861; 550391, 

3735862; 550392, 3735863; 550393, 

3735864; 550394, 3735864; 550394, 

3735865; 550394, 3735866; 550395, 

3735867; 550395, 3735868; 550395, 

3735868; 550396, 3735869; 550396, 

3735870; 550396, 3735871; 550397, 

3735871; 550397, 3735872; 550398, 

3735873; 550398, 3735874; 550399, 

3735875; 550399, 3735876; 550400, 

3735876; 550401, 3735877; 550401, 

3735878; 550402, 3735878; 550402, 

3735879; 550403, 3735879; 550404, 

3735880; 550405, 3735880; 550405, 

3735881; 550406, 3735881; 550407, 

3735882; 550408, 3735882; 550409, 

3735883; 550409, 3735883; 550410, 

3735883; 550411, 3735883; 550412, 

3735884; 550413, 3735884; 550414, 

3735884; 550415, 3735884; 550415, 

3735884; 550417, 3735884; 550418, 

3735885; 550419, 3735885; 550420, 

3735886; 550420, 3735886; 550421, 

3735887; 550421, 3735887; 550422, 

3735888; 550422, 3735889; 550423, 

3735890; 550423, 3735890; 550423, 

3735891; 550423, 3735892; 550423, 

3735893; 550423, 3735894; 550423, 

3735895; 550423, 3735896; 550424, 

3735896; 550424, 3735897; 550424, 

3735898; 550425, 3735899; 550425, 

3735900; 550425, 3735901; 550426, 

3735902; 550426, 3735903; 550427, 

3735903; 550427, 3735904; 550428, 

3735905; 550428, 3735906; 550429, 

3735906; 550429, 3735907; 550430, 

3735908; 550431, 3735909; 550431, 

3735909; 550432, 3735910; 550446, 

3735922; 550449, 3735924; 550450, 

3735926; 550452, 3735927; 550453, 

3735928; 550455, 3735929; 550456, 

3735930; 550457, 3735931; 550458, 

3735931; 550459, 3735932; 550460, 

3735932; 550461, 3735933; 550462, 

3735933; 550463, 3735934; 550465, 

3735934; 550466, 3735934; 550466, 

3735935; 550467, 3735935; 550469, 

3735935; 550470, 3735935; 550472, 

3735935; 550473, 3735935; 550474, 

3735935; 550476, 3735935; 550478, 

3735935; 550479, 3735935; 550480, 

3735936; 550481, 3735936; 550482, 

3735937; 550484, 3735937; 550484, 

3735938; 550485, 3735938; 550486, 

3735939; 550487, 3735940; 550488, 

3735940; 550488, 3735941; 550489, 

3735942; 550490, 3735942; 550491, 

3735943; 550491, 3735943; 550492, 

3735944; 550493, 3735944; 550494, 

3735945; 550494, 3735945; 550495, 

3735946; 550496, 3735946; 550497, 

3735947; 550498, 3735947; 550498, 

3735948; 550499, 3735948; 550500, 

3735948; 550501, 3735949; 550502, 

3735949; 550503, 3735950; 550504, 

3735950; 550505, 3735950; 550505, 

3735951; 550506, 3735951; 550507, 

3735951; 550508, 3735951; 550509, 

3735952; 550510, 3735952; 550511, 

3735952; 550512, 3735953; 550513, 

3735953; 550514, 3735954; 550515, 

3735954; 550515, 3735955; 550516, 

3735955; 550517, 3735956; 550517, 

3735956; 550518, 3735957; 550518, 

3735957; 550519, 3735958; 550520, 

3735959; 550520, 3735960; 550521, 

3735960; 550529, 3735973; 550530, 

3735973; 550542, 3735983; 550544, 

3735984; 550545, 3735984; 550546, 

3735984; 550547, 3735984; 550548, 

3735985; 550549, 3735985; 550550, 

3735985; 550551, 3735985; 550552, 

3735985; 550553, 3735986; 550554, 

3735986; 550555, 3735987; 550556, 

3735987; 550556, 3735988; 550557, 

3735989; 550567, 3736004; 550568, 

3736005; 550568, 3736006; 550569, 

3736007; 550570, 3736008; 550570, 

3736009; 550571, 3736010; 550572, 

3736011; 550572, 3736012; 550573, 

3736013; 550574, 3736013; 550575, 

3736014; 550575, 3736015; 550576, 

3736016; 550577, 3736017; 550578, 

3736017; 550579, 3736018; 550580, 

3736019; 550581, 3736020; 550581, 

3736020; 550582, 3736021; 550583, 

3736022; 550584, 3736022; 550585, 

3736023; 550586, 3736024; 550587, 

3736024; 550588, 3736025; 550589, 

3736025; 550590, 3736026; 550591, 

3736026; 550592, 3736027; 550593, 

3736028; 550594, 3736028; 550595, 

3736028; 550596, 3736029; 550597, 

3736029; 550599, 3736030; 550600, 

3736031; 550601, 3736031; 550601, 

3736032; 550602, 3736032; 550602, 

3736033; 550610, 3736042; 550610, 

3736042; 550611, 3736043; 550611, 

3736044; 550612, 3736045; 550612, 

3736045; 550612, 3736046; 550612, 

3736047; 550612, 3736048; 550612, 

3736049; 550612, 3736049; 550612, 

3736050; 550612, 3736051; 550612, 

3736052; 550612, 3736053; 550612, 

3736054; 550612, 3736054; 550612, 

3736055; 550612, 3736056; 550613, 

3736057; 550613, 3736058; 550613, 

3736058; 550613, 3736059; 550613, 

3736060; 550614, 3736061; 550614, 

3736061; 550614, 3736062; 550615, 

3736063; 550615, 3736064; 550616, 

3736065; 550617, 3736066; 550617, 

3736067; 550618, 3736068; 550618, 

3736068; 550619, 3736069; 550619, 

3736069; 550620, 3736070; 550621, 

3736070; 550621, 3736071; 550622, 

3736071; 550623, 3736072; 550624, 

3736072; 550624, 3736073; 550626, 

3736073; 550627, 3736074; 550627, 

3736074; 550629, 3736075; 550629, 

3736075; 550630, 3736075; 550631, 

3736075; 550632, 3736076; 550633, 

3736076; 550633, 3736077; 550660, 

3736090; 550661, 3736090; 550662, 

3736090; 550663, 3736091; 550664, 

3736091; 550665, 3736092; 550666, 

3736092; 550667, 3736092; 550668, 

3736093; 550669, 3736093; 550670, 

3736093; 550671, 3736094; 550672, 

3736094; 550673, 3736094; 550674, 

3736094; 550709, 3736105; 550736, 

3736113; 550737, 3736113; 550738, 

3736114; 550739, 3736114; 550741, 

3736115; 550742, 3736115; 550743, 

3736115; 550744, 3736115; 550765, 


pwalker on PROD1PC71 with PROPOSALS2
57768 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 195 / Wednesday, October 10, 2007 / Proposed Rules 

3736119; 550789, 3736125; 550790, 

3736125; 550791, 3736125; 550792, 

3736126; 550792, 3736126; 550793, 

3736127; 550794, 3736127; 550796, 

3736128; 550796, 3736128; 550797, 

3736129; 550798, 3736129; 550799, 

3736129; 550800, 3736129; 550801, 

3736130; 550802, 3736130; 550802, 

3736130; 550803, 3736131; 550804, 

3736131; 550805, 3736131; 550806, 

3736131; 550807, 3736131; 550808, 

3736131; 550809, 3736132; 550810, 

3736132; 550811, 3736132; 550812, 

3736132; 550812, 3736132; 550813, 

3736132; 550814, 3736132; 550815, 

3736132; 550816, 3736132; 550821, 

3736132; 550824, 3736132; 550827, 

3736132; 550831, 3736132; 550834, 

3736131; 550837, 3736131; 550841, 

3736131; 550844, 3736130; 550847, 

3736130; 550850, 3736129; 550854, 

3736129; 550857, 3736128; 550860, 

3736127; 550863, 3736126; 550864, 

3736126; 550865, 3736126; 550866, 

3736126; 550867, 3736126; 550868, 

3736126; 550868, 3736125; 550869, 

3736125; 550870, 3736125; 550871, 

3736125; 550872, 3736125; 550873, 

3736125; 550874, 3736125; 550875, 

3736125; 550901, 3736125; 550902, 

3736125; 550903, 3736125; 550904, 

3736125; 550905, 3736125; 550906, 

3736125; 550907, 3736124; 550908, 

3736124; 550909, 3736124; 550910, 

3736124; 550911, 3736125; 550912, 

3736125; 550913, 3736125; 550915, 

3736126; 550917, 3736126; 550918, 

3736127; 550918, 3736127; 550919, 

3736128; 550920, 3736128; 550967, 

3736165; 550968, 3736166; 550969, 

3736167; 550970, 3736168; 550971, 

3736169; 550972, 3736170; 550973, 

3736171; 550974, 3736172; 550975, 

3736173; 550975, 3736174; 550976, 

3736175; 550977, 3736176; 550977, 

3736176; 550978, 3736177; 550978, 

3736178; 550980, 3736180; 550989, 

3736173; 551157, 3736197; 551241, 

3736173; 551268, 3736187; 551319, 

3736092; 551324, 3736042; 551317, 

3736031; 551311, 3736021; 551310, 

3736020; 551307, 3736011; 551303, 

3735998; 551303, 3735997; 551294, 

3735983; 551293, 3735983; 551285, 

3735979; 551264, 3735969; 551264, 

3735967; 551264, 3735960; 551264, 

3735960; 551244, 3735943; 551190, 

3735896; 551189, 3735895; 551187, 

3735886; 551171, 3735873; 551165, 

3735873; 551154, 3735873; 551150, 

3735865; 551115, 3735830; 551102, 

3735816; 551102, 3735815; 551098, 

3735805; 551091, 3735791; 551072, 

3735779; 551076, 3735764; 551063, 

3735753; 551050, 3735741; 551041, 

3735722; 551043, 3735708; 551049, 

3735682; 551057, 3735667; 551060, 

3735659; 551065, 3735644; 551065, 

3735641; 551073, 3735648; 551077, 

3735648; 551101, 3735619; 551116, 

3735585; 551133, 3735573; 551160, 

3735560; 551186, 3735546; 551205, 

3735511; 551228, 3735497; 551233, 

3735494; 551304, 3735476; 551311, 

3735469; 551381, 3735436; 551411, 

3735419; 551435, 3735404; 551468, 

3735383; 551536, 3735343; 551572, 

3735315; 551594, 3735296; 551617, 

3735278; 551634, 3735258; 551670, 

3735214; 551675, 3735190; 551679, 

3735168; 551674, 3735152; 551671, 

3735135; 551674, 3735122; 551674, 

3735100; 551675, 3735046; 551674, 

3735025; 551672, 3735012; 551662, 

3734991; 551653, 3734968; 551652, 

3734954; 551651, 3734935; 551653, 

3734918; 551652, 3734900; 551655, 

3734883; 551658, 3734863; 551659, 

3734854; 551660, 3734840; 551659, 

3734832; 551654, 3734815; 551650, 

3734802; 551638, 3734790; 551632, 

3734783; 551625, 3734774; 551625, 

3734773; 551622, 3734768; 551616, 

3734755; 551619, 3734741; 551627, 

3734719; 551640, 3734696; 551648, 

3734679; 551658, 3734666; 551663, 

3734656; 551671, 3734648; 551676, 

3734638; 551676, 3734621; 551675, 

3734604; 551673, 3734581; 551672, 

3734567; 551669, 3734541; 551667, 

3734521; 551667, 3734506; 551671, 

3734496; 551670, 3734466; 551676, 

3734459; 551687, 3734445; 551692, 

3734430; 551692, 3734419; 551692, 

3734404; 551689, 3734390; 551682, 

3734375; 551673, 3734362; 551669, 

3734353; 551663, 3734334; 551658, 

3734324; 551648, 3734316; 551654, 

3734312; 551660, 3734312; 551666, 

3734306; 551700, 3734301; 551700, 

3734300; 551700, 3734297; 551679, 

3734251; 551673, 3734237; 551670, 

3734230; 551664, 3734220; 551643, 

3734193; 551640, 3734187; 551634, 

3734168; 551630, 3734153; 551631, 

3734133; 551630, 3734122; 551628, 

3734112; 551637, 3734102; 551646, 

3734106; 551650, 3734105; 551650, 

3734096; 551653, 3734090; 551653, 

3734075; 551657, 3734063; 551677, 

3734010; 551680, 3734004; 551711, 

3734004; 551715, 3734004; 551737, 

3734004; 551805, 3734027; 551809, 

3734042; 551810, 3734043; 551816, 

3734047; 551825, 3734048; 551836, 

3734048; 551839, 3734048; 551881, 

3734101; 551889, 3734112; 551904, 

3734125; 551945, 3734158; 551979, 

3734170; 552082, 3734080; 552090, 

3734061; 552137, 3734072; 552160, 

3734053; 552187, 3734097; 552187, 

3734109; 552184, 3734126; 552185, 

3734139; 552193, 3734173; 552186, 

3734186; 552185, 3734198; 552181, 

3734210; 552188, 3734225; 552190, 

3734240; 552195, 3734278; 552198, 

3734300; 552200, 3734300; 552200, 

3734311; 552201, 3734320; 552206, 

3734342; 552209, 3734353; 552215, 

3734369; 552219, 3734382; 552228, 

3734400; 552240, 3734412; 552251, 

3734427; 552255, 3734430; 552266, 

3734440; 552290, 3734453; 552300, 

3734460; 552323, 3734473; 552352, 

3734482; 552373, 3734483; 552390, 

3734479; 552404, 3734471; 552423, 

3734463; 552437, 3734454; 552449, 

3734445; 552456, 3734437; 552463, 

3734429; 552464, 3734429; 552478, 

3734419; 552499, 3734405; 552500, 

3734405; 552500, 3734400; 552512, 

3734400; 552530, 3734395; 552545, 

3734391; 552561, 3734387; 552562, 

3734386; 552576, 3734336; 552585, 

3734300; 552588, 3734278; 552594, 

3734268; 552595, 3734255; 552599, 

3734243; 552612, 3734239; 552620, 

3734223; 552624, 3734212; 552635, 

3734201; 552648, 3734193; 552652, 

3734182; 552657, 3734170; 552665, 

3734162; 552669, 3734155; 552673, 

3734116; 552673, 3734111; 552676, 

3734099; 552679, 3734087; 552684, 

3734076; 552687, 3734065; 552687, 

3734051; 552691, 3734031; 552721, 

3734010; 552735, 3733982; 552739, 

3733974; 552742, 3733967; 552746, 

3733960; 552751, 3733951; 552754, 

3733942; 552758, 3733934; 552763, 

3733930; 552768, 3733929; 552776, 

3733926; 552783, 3733923; 552795, 

3733920; 552803, 3733920; 552811, 

3733922; 552820, 3733923; 552835, 

3733924; 552845, 3733925; 552853, 

3733926; 552862, 3733928; 552875, 

3733930; 552883, 3733934; 552892, 

3733938; 552903, 3733940; 552914, 

3733944; 552960, 3733965; 552972, 

3733975; 552987, 3733986; 553031, 

3734027; 553078, 3734057; 553095, 

3734078; 553101, 3734109; 553111, 

3734152; 553098, 3734180; 553091, 

3734204; 553077, 3734242; 553050, 

3734295; 553047, 3734301; 553054, 

3734339; 553061, 3734356; 553070, 

3734363; 553077, 3734368; 553083, 

3734373; 553085, 3734375; 553086, 

3734382; 553090, 3734386; 553094, 

3734384; 553098, 3734391; 553111, 

3734399; 553113, 3734400; 553200, 

3734400; 553223, 3734400; 553229, 

3734398; 553245, 3734392; 553258, 

3734384; 553273, 3734376; 553286, 

3734370; 553286, 3734370; 553288, 

3734369; 553305, 3734357; 553327, 

3734344; 553341, 3734334; 553348, 

3734327; 553354, 3734324; 553352, 

3734318; 553352, 3734310; 553354, 

3734302; 553356, 3734293; 553355, 

3734284; 553351, 3734275; 553351, 

3734275; 553345, 3734268; 553343, 

3734257; 553346, 3734250; 553356, 

3734234; 553367, 3734225; 553372, 

3734218; 553383, 3734201; 553385, 


pwalker on PROD1PC71 with PROPOSALS2
Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 195 / Wednesday, October 10, 2007 / Proposed Rules 57769 

3734195; 553388, 3734187; 553389, 

3734172; 553390, 3734162; 553390, 

3734151; 553391, 3734140; 553394, 

3734132; 553400, 3734124; 553404, 

3734115; 553408, 3734104; 553408, 

3734097; 553415, 3734087; 553427, 

3734080; 553443, 3734064; 553452, 

3734060; 553468, 3734052; 553473, 

3734043; 553476, 3734033; 553484, 

3734028; 553492, 3734022; 553498, 

3734016; 553500, 3734015; 553502, 

3734011; 553510, 3734003; 553519, 

3733988; 553525, 3733981; 553533, 

3733977; 553546, 3733969; 553548, 

3733960; 553554, 3733947; 553566, 

3733938; 553576, 3733942; 553608, 

3733921; 553618, 3733926; 553630, 

3733936; 553634, 3733939; 553637, 

3733934; 553642, 3733928; 553652, 

3733919; 553654, 3733918; 553667, 

3733915; 553670, 3733840; 553672, 

3733783; 553675, 3733743; 553682, 

3733693; 553685, 3733673; 553690, 

3733628; 553698, 3733560; 553640, 

3733444; 553565, 3733353; 553564, 

3733352; 553549, 3733377; 553473, 

3733275; 553350, 3733112; 553321, 

3733073; 553304, 3733037; 553301, 

3733029; 553293, 3733010; 553218, 

3732821; 553124, 3732581; 553005, 

3732465; 552984, 3732425; 552896, 

3732424; 552891, 3732422; 552879, 

3732417; 552870, 3732413; 552888, 

3732400; 553005, 3732318; 553037, 

3732269; 553039, 3732265; 553039, 

3732265; 553071, 3732232; 553084, 

3732224; 553103, 3732215; 553125, 

3732202; 553140, 3732194; 553159, 

3732187; 553179, 3732187; 553284, 

3732144; 553284, 3732142; 553286, 

3732136; 553294, 3732133; 553299, 

3732136; 553300, 3732137; 553304, 

3732150; 553310, 3732161; 553322, 

3732172; 553327, 3732179; 553337, 

3732179; 553344, 3732185; 553348, 

3732196; 553361, 3732200; 553383, 

3732200; 553391, 3732204; 553395, 

3732224; 553404, 3732245; 553408, 

3732262; 553404, 3732290; 553402, 

3732310; 553383, 3732340; 553374, 

3732345; 553374, 3732358; 553382, 

3732367; 553391, 3732365; 553408, 

3732365; 553423, 3732370; 553434, 

3732372; 553456, 3732333; 553466, 

3732314; 553479, 3732295; 553492, 

3732277; 553511, 3732265; 553524, 

3732262; 553537, 3732265; 553546, 

3732260; 553544, 3732250; 553544, 

3732234; 553554, 3732230; 553563, 

3732224; 553576, 3732217; 553589, 

3732204; 553597, 3732202; 553610, 

3732202; 553625, 3732200; 553636, 

3732196; 553658, 3732189; 553675, 

3732194; 553683, 3732183; 553698, 

3732200; 553715, 3732237; 553733, 

3732239; 553756, 3732239; 553772, 

3732233; 553788, 3732248; 553799, 

3732247; 553810, 3732260; 553813, 

3732271; 553826, 3732281; 553838, 

3732282; 553847, 3732289; 553860, 

3732291; 553877, 3732286; 553894, 

3732280; 553911, 3732275; 553939, 

3732234; 553954, 3732217; 553962, 

3732202; 553969, 3732176; 553976, 

3732165; 554016, 3732149; 553999, 

3732116; 553998, 3732115; 553996, 

3732100; 554041, 3732073; 554057, 

3732063; 554077, 3732092; 554080, 

3732092; 554092, 3732091; 554102, 

3732099; 554105, 3732116; 554109, 

3732150; 554368, 3730690; 554245, 

3729777; 554239, 3729775; 554201, 

3729779; 554164, 3729784; 554133, 

3729781; 554095, 3729767; 554079, 

3729754; 554055, 3729695; 554035, 

3729675; 554023, 3729667; 554005, 

3729655; 553984, 3729646; 553966, 

3729644; 553948, 3729653; 553922, 

3729659; 553887, 3729667; 553858, 

3729674; 553841, 3729677; 553820, 

3729671; 553811, 3729653; 553804, 

3729633; 553803, 3729622; 553807, 

3729592; 553815, 3729576; 553823, 

3729561; 553834, 3729536; 553850, 

3729507; 553853, 3729480; 553859, 

3729446; 553861, 3729423; 553852, 

3729387; 553847, 3729361; 553832, 

3729318; 553816, 3729275; 553806, 

3729250; 553806, 3729249; 553805, 

3729247; 553805, 3729246; 553804, 

3729244; 553804, 3729243; 553803, 

3729242; 553802, 3729240; 553802, 

3729239; 553801, 3729237; 553800, 

3729236; 553800, 3729235; 553799, 

3729233; 553798, 3729232; 553797, 

3729231; 553797, 3729229; 553796, 

3729228; 553795, 3729227; 553794, 

3729226; 553793, 3729224; 553792, 

3729223; 553791, 3729222; 553790, 

3729221; 553789, 3729220; 553788, 

3729218; 553787, 3729217; 553786, 

3729216; 553785, 3729215; 553784, 

3729214; 553783, 3729213; 553782, 

3729212; 553781, 3729211; 553780, 

3729210; 553779, 3729209; 553777, 

3729208; 553776, 3729207; 553775, 

3729206; 553774, 3729205; 553772, 

3729204; 553771, 3729203; 553770, 

3729202; 553769, 3729202; 553768, 

3729201; 553766, 3729201; 553765, 

3729200; 553764, 3729200; 553763, 

3729199; 553762, 3729199; 553760, 

3729198; 553759, 3729198; 553758, 

3729197; 553757, 3729196; 553756, 

3729196; 553755, 3729195; 553754, 

3729194; 553752, 3729194; 553751, 

3729193; 553750, 3729192; 553749, 

3729192; 553748, 3729191; 553747, 

3729190; 553746, 3729189; 553745, 

3729188; 553744, 3729188; 553743, 

3729187; 553742, 3729186; 553741, 

3729185; 553740, 3729184; 553739, 

3729183; 553738, 3729182; 553738, 

3729181; 553737, 3729180; 553736, 

3729179; 553735, 3729178; 553734, 

3729177; 553733, 3729176; 553733, 

3729175; 553732, 3729174; 553731, 

3729173; 553730, 3729172; 553730, 

3729171; 553729, 3729170; 553728, 

3729169; 553728, 3729168; 553727, 

3729166; 553726, 3729165; 553726, 

3729164; 553725, 3729163; 553725, 

3729162; 553724, 3729161; 553724, 

3729159; 553723, 3729158; 553723, 

3729157; 553722, 3729156; 553722, 

3729155; 553721, 3729153; 553721, 

3729152; 553721, 3729151; 553720, 

3729150; 553720, 3729148; 553720, 

3729147; 553719, 3729146; 553719, 

3729144; 553719, 3729143; 553719, 

3729142; 553719, 3729141; 553718, 

3729139; 553718, 3729138; 553718, 

3729137; 553718, 3729135; 553718, 

3729134; 553718, 3729133; 553718, 

3729132; 553718, 3729130; 553718, 

3729129; 553718, 3729128; 553718, 

3729126; 553718, 3729125; 553718, 

3729124; 553718, 3729122; 553718, 

3729121; 553719, 3729120; 553719, 

3729119; 553719, 3729117; 553719, 

3729116; 553720, 3729115; 553720, 

3729113; 553720, 3729112; 553721, 

3729111; 553721, 3729110; 553721, 

3729108; 553722, 3729107; 553722, 

3729106; 553723, 3729105; 553723, 

3729104; 553723, 3729102; 553724, 

3729101; 553725, 3729100; 553725, 

3729099; 553726, 3729098; 553726, 

3729096; 553727, 3729095; 553727, 

3729094; 553728, 3729093; 553729, 

3729092; 553729, 3729091; 553730, 

3729090; 553731, 3729089; 553732, 

3729088; 553732, 3729087; 553733, 

3729086; 553734, 3729084; 553735, 

3729083; 553736, 3729082; 553736, 

3729081; 553737, 3729081; 553738, 

3729080; 553739, 3729079; 553740, 

3729078; 553741, 3729077; 553742, 

3729076; 553743, 3729075; 553743, 

3729075; 553744, 3729074; 553746, 

3729073; 553747, 3729072; 553748, 

3729071; 553749, 3729071; 553750, 

3729070; 553751, 3729069; 553753, 

3729069; 553754, 3729068; 553755, 

3729067; 553756, 3729067; 553758, 

3729066; 553759, 3729065; 553760, 

3729065; 553762, 3729064; 553763, 

3729064; 553764, 3729063; 553766, 

3729063; 553767, 3729062; 553768, 

3729062; 553770, 3729061; 553771, 

3729061; 553772, 3729061; 553774, 

3729060; 553775, 3729060; 553776, 

3729060; 553778, 3729060; 553779, 

3729059; 553781, 3729059; 553782, 

3729059; 553783, 3729059; 553785, 

3729059; 553786, 3729058; 553788, 

3729058; 553791, 3729058; 553792, 

3729058; 553793, 3729058; 553795, 

3729058; 553796, 3729058; 553802, 

3729059; 553808, 3729059; 553814, 

3729059; 553819, 3729059; 553825, 

3729058; 553831, 3729058; 553837, 

3729058; 553843, 3729057; 553849, 

3729057; 553855, 3729056; 553861, 


pwalker on PROD1PC71 with PROPOSALS2
57770 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 195 / Wednesday, October 10, 2007 / Proposed Rules 

3729055; 553863, 3729055; 553866, 

3729054; 553868, 3729054; 553871, 

3729053; 553874, 3729053; 553877, 

3729052; 553879, 3729051; 553882, 

3729050; 553885, 3729050; 553887, 

3729049; 553890, 3729048; 553892, 

3729047; 553895, 3729046; 553898, 

3729045; 553900, 3729044; 553903, 

3729043; 553905, 3729042; 553908, 

3729041; 553910, 3729039; 553913, 

3729038; 553915, 3729037; 553918, 

3729036; 553920, 3729034; 553922, 

3729033; 553925, 3729031; 553927, 

3729030; 553929, 3729028; 553931, 

3729027; 553933, 3729025; 553935, 

3729024; 553937, 3729022; 553939, 

3729021; 553941, 3729020; 553943, 

3729018; 553946, 3729017; 553948, 

3729016; 553950, 3729015; 553952, 

3729013; 553955, 3729012; 553957, 

3729011; 553959, 3729010; 553961, 

3729009; 553964, 3729008; 553966, 

3729007; 553968, 3729006; 553971, 

3729005; 553973, 3729004; 553976, 

3729004; 553978, 3729003; 553980, 

3729002; 553983, 3729002; 553985, 

3729001; 553988, 3729000; 553990, 

3729000; 553993, 3728999; 553995, 

3728999; 553998, 3728999; 554000, 

3728998; 554003, 3728998; 554005, 

3728998; 554007, 3728997; 554008, 

3728997; 554010, 3728997; 554011, 

3728997; 554013, 3728997; 554014, 

3728996; 554015, 3728996; 554017, 

3728996; 554018, 3728996; 554020, 

3728995; 554021, 3728995; 554023, 

3728995; 554024, 3728994; 554025, 

3728994; 554027, 3728993; 554028, 

3728993; 554030, 3728992; 554031, 

3728992; 554032, 3728991; 554034, 

3728990; 554035, 3728990; 554036, 

3728989; 554038, 3728989; 554039, 

3728988; 554040, 3728987; 554042, 

3728986; 554043, 3728986; 554044, 

3728985; 554045, 3728984; 554047, 

3728983; 554048, 3728982; 554049, 

3728982; 554050, 3728981; 554051, 

3728980; 554053, 3728979; 554054, 

3728978; 554055, 3728977; 554056, 

3728976; 554057, 3728975; 554058, 

3728974; 554059, 3728973; 554060, 

3728972; 554061, 3728971; 554062, 

3728970; 554063, 3728969; 554064, 

3728968; 554065, 3728966; 554066, 

3728965; 554067, 3728964; 554069, 

3728962; 554071, 3728960; 554072, 

3728957; 554074, 3728955; 554076, 

3728953; 554079, 3728950; 554081, 

3728948; 554083, 3728946; 554085, 

3728944; 554087, 3728942; 554089, 

3728940; 554092, 3728938; 554094, 

3728936; 554095, 3728935; 554097, 

3728934; 554098, 3728933; 554100, 

3728931; 554102, 3728930; 554103, 

3728929; 554105, 3728928; 554107, 

3728927; 554109, 3728926; 554110, 

3728925; 554112, 3728924; 554114, 

3728923; 554116, 3728922; 554118, 

3728921; 554119, 3728920; 554121, 

3728919; 554123, 3728918; 554125, 

3728917; 554127, 3728916; 554129, 

3728916; 554113, 3728802; 554092, 

3728802; 554032, 3728802; 553931, 

3728801; 553728, 3728800; 553627, 

3728799; 553526, 3728799; 553426, 

3728798; 553426, 3728726; 553427, 

3728678; 553427, 3728598; 553326, 

3728597; 553327, 3728496; 553328, 

3728395; 553328, 3728294; 553329, 

3728192; 553329, 3728091; 553330, 

3727992; 553331, 3727895; 553331, 

3727792; 553332, 3727689; 553333, 

3727590; 553333, 3727489; 553334, 

3727388; 553334, 3727287; 553335, 

3727187; 553486, 3727188; 553488, 

3727145; 553491, 3727087; 553492, 

3727080; 553500, 3726986; 553518, 

3726879; 553591, 3726724; 553600, 

3726707; 553600, 3726700; 553600, 

3726600; 553600, 3726500; 553600, 

3726400; 553700, 3726400; 553748, 

3726400; 553749, 3726399; 553747, 

3726395; 553758, 3726342; 553758, 

3726341; 553945, 3726216; 554135, 

3726156; 554149, 3726142; 554187, 

3726105; 554178, 3726042; 554182, 

3726038; 554187, 3726031; 554187, 

3726030; 554186, 3726026; 554186, 

3726025; 554186, 3726022; 554186, 

3726018; 554187, 3726015; 554188, 

3726013; 554188, 3726011; 554190, 

3726008; 554192, 3726005; 554212, 

3725983; 554215, 3725979; 554217, 

3725977; 554217, 3725976; 554237, 

3725975; 554251, 3725960; 554333, 

3725946; 554367, 3725967; 554380, 

3725976; 554393, 3725984; 554474, 

3725956; 554551, 3725915; 554600, 

3725889; 554600, 3725800; 554620, 

3725800; 554619, 3725760; 554611, 

3725760; 554610, 3725760; 554610, 

3725760; 554609, 3725760; 554608, 

3725760; 554608, 3725760; 554608, 

3725760; 554607, 3725760; 554607, 

3725760; 554606, 3725760; 554606, 

3725760; 554605, 3725760; 554605, 

3725759; 554605, 3725759; 554604, 

3725759; 554604, 3725759; 554604, 

3725759; 554603, 3725759; 554603, 

3725759; 554602, 3725759; 554602, 

3725758; 554601, 3725758; 554601, 

3725758; 554600, 3725758; 554600, 

3725757; 554600, 3725757; 554599, 

3725757; 554599, 3725757; 554598, 

3725756; 554598, 3725756; 554598, 

3725756; 554597, 3725756; 554597, 

3725755; 554597, 3725755; 554597, 

3725755; 554596, 3725755; 554596, 

3725755; 554596, 3725754; 554596, 

3725754; 554595, 3725754; 554595, 

3725753; 554595, 3725753; 554595, 

3725753; 554595, 3725753; 554594, 

3725752; 554594, 3725752; 554594, 

3725751; 554593, 3725751; 554593, 

3725751; 554593, 3725750; 554593, 

3725750; 554592, 3725750; 554592, 

3725749; 554592, 3725749; 554592, 

3725749; 554592, 3725748; 554592, 

3725748; 554591, 3725748; 554591, 

3725747; 554591, 3725747; 554591, 

3725747; 554591, 3725746; 554590, 

3725746; 554590, 3725746; 554590, 

3725745; 554590, 3725745; 554590, 

3725744; 554590, 3725744; 554590, 

3725744; 554589, 3725743; 554589, 

3725743; 554589, 3725743; 554589, 

3725742; 554589, 3725742; 554589, 

3725741; 554589, 3725741; 554589, 

3725741; 554589, 3725740; 554588, 

3725740; 554588, 3725740; 554588, 

3725739; 554588, 3725739; 554588, 

3725739; 554588, 3725738; 554588, 

3725738; 554588, 3725738; 554588, 

3725737; 554588, 3725737; 554588, 

3725736; 554588, 3725736; 554588, 

3725735; 554588, 3725735; 554588, 

3725735; 554588, 3725734; 554588, 

3725734; 554588, 3725733; 554588, 

3725733; 554588, 3725732; 554588, 

3725732; 554588, 3725730; 554588, 

3725729; 554588, 3725729; 554588, 

3725728; 554588, 3725728; 554588, 

3725727; 554588 3725727; 554588, 

3725726; 554588, 3725726; 554589, 

3725725; 554589, 3725725; 554589, 

3725724; 554589, 3725724; 554589, 

3725723; 554589, 3725723; 554589, 

3725723; 554589, 3725722; 554590, 

3725722; 554590, 3725722; 554590, 

3725721; 554590, 3725721; 554590, 

3725721; 554590, 3725720; 554590, 

3725720; 554590, 3725719; 554591, 

3725719; 554591, 3725719; 554591, 

3725718; 554591, 3725718; 554591, 

3725717; 554592, 3725717; 554592, 

3725717; 554592, 3725716; 554592, 

3725716; 554593, 3725715; 554593, 

3725715; 554593, 3725715; 554593, 

3725714; 554594, 3725714; 554594, 

3725714; 554594, 3725713; 554595, 

3725713; 554595, 3725713; 554595, 

3725712; 554595, 3725712; 554596, 

3725712; 554596, 3725711; 554596, 

3725711; 554597, 3725711; 554597, 

3725710; 554597, 3725710; 554598, 

3725710; 554598, 3725709; 554598, 

3725709; 554599, 3725709; 554599, 

3725708; 554599, 3725708; 554600, 

3725708; 554600, 3725708; 554601, 

3725707; 554601, 3725707; 554601, 

3725707; 554602, 3725707; 554602, 

3725706; 554602, 3725706; 554603, 

3725706; 554603, 3725706; 554603, 

3725706; 554604, 3725706; 554604, 

3725705; 554604, 3725705; 554605, 

3725705; 554605, 3725705; 554605, 

3725705; 554606, 3725705; 554606, 

3725704; 554607, 3725704; 554607, 

3725704; 554607, 3725704; 554608, 

3725704; 554608, 3725704; 554609, 

3725704; 554609, 3725703; 554609, 

3725703; 554610, 3725703; 554610, 

3725703; 554618, 3725707; 554632, 

3725706; 554660, 3725699; 554705, 


pwalker on PROD1PC71 with PROPOSALS2
Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 195 / Wednesday, October 10, 2007 / Proposed Rules 57771 

3725687; 554759, 3725672; 554789, 

3725603; 554789, 3725602; 554857, 

3725444; 554913, 3725363; 554955, 

3725411; 554966, 3725423; 554994, 

3725457; 555049, 3725501; 555038, 

3725534; 555037, 3725534; 554953, 

3725581; 554954, 3725584; 556747, 

3725031; 557936, 3724088; 558510, 

3724252; 559822, 3725688; 560478, 

3727041; 561094, 3727369; 561750, 

3727082; 562570, 3725442; 562693, 

3724006; 562980, 3722489; 563513, 

3721997; 564088, 3722418; 564089, 

3722418; 564122, 3722411; 564155, 

3722405; 564169, 3722414; 564188, 

3722426; 564188, 3722427; 564189, 

3722427; 564189, 3722427; 564189, 

3722428; 564190, 3722428; 564190, 

3722428; 564190, 3722428; 564191, 

3722429; 564191, 3722429; 564191, 

3722429; 564191, 3722429; 564191, 

3722430; 564192, 3722430; 564192, 

3722431; 564192, 3722431; 564193, 

3722431; 564193, 3722432; 564193, 

3722432; 564193, 3722432; 564194, 

3722433; 564194, 3722433; 564194, 

3722434; 564194, 3722434; 564194, 

3722435; 564194, 3722435; 564195, 

3722435; 564195, 3722435; 564195, 

3722436; 564195, 3722436; 564195, 

3722437; 564195, 3722437; 564195, 

3722438; 564195, 3722438; 564195, 

3722438; 564196, 3722439; 564196, 

3722439; 564196, 3722440; 564196, 

3722440; 564196, 3722441; 564196, 

3722441; 564196, 3722442; 564196, 

3722442; 564196, 3722442; 564196, 

3722443; 564196, 3722443; 564196, 

3722444; 564196, 3722444; 564196, 

3722444; 564196, 3722445; 564209, 

3722445; 564209, 3722447; 564208, 

3722593; 564207, 3722807; 564206, 

3722886; 564204, 3723251; 564211, 

3723251; 564211, 3723251; 564210, 

3723363; 564243, 3723406; 564268, 

3723438; 564398, 3723605; 564418, 

3723631; 564418, 3723632; 564419, 

3723632; 564419, 3723632; 564419, 

3723633; 564419, 3723633; 564420, 

3723633; 564420, 3723634; 564420, 

3723634; 564421, 3723635; 564421, 

3723635; 564421, 3723635; 564422, 

3723636; 564422, 3723637; 564422, 

3723637; 564423, 3723637; 564423, 

3723638; 564423, 3723638; 564423, 

3723638; 564423, 3723638; 564423, 

3723639; 564424, 3723639; 564424, 

3723639; 564424, 3723640; 564424, 

3723640; 564425, 3723641; 564425, 

3723641; 564425, 3723641; 564425, 

3723642; 564426, 3723642; 564426, 

3723643; 564426, 3723644; 564427, 

3723644; 564427, 3723645; 564427, 

3723645; 564428, 3723646; 564428, 

3723646; 564428, 3723647; 564428, 

3723647; 564429, 3723648; 564429, 

3723648; 564429, 3723649; 564430, 

3723649; 564430, 3723650; 564430, 

3723650; 564430, 3723650; 564430, 

3723651; 564431, 3723652; 564431, 

3723652; 564431, 3723652; 564431, 

3723653; 564432, 3723653; 564432, 

3723654; 564432, 3723654; 564432, 

3723655; 564432, 3723655; 564433, 

3723656; 564433, 3723656; 564438, 

3723663; 564442, 3723714; 564442, 

3723714; 564435, 3723789; 564440, 

3723798; 564463, 3723846; 564481, 

3723875; 564488, 3723896; 564506, 

3723919; 564509, 3723922; 564514, 

3723928; 564568, 3723964; 564581, 

3723968; 564581, 3723969; 564582, 

3723969; 564582, 3723969; 564583, 

3723969; 564640, 3723990; 564641, 

3723991; 564641, 3723991; 564642, 

3723991; 564642, 3723991; 564653, 

3723995; 564653, 3724000; 564700, 

3724000; 564700, 3724073; 564917, 

3724081; 564924, 3724081; 565084, 

3724082; 565162, 3724083; 565138, 

3724144; 565147, 3724163; 565165, 

3724200; 565176, 3724200; 565187, 

3724196; 565216, 3724186; 565378, 

3724172; 565428, 3724264; 565296, 

3724353; 565282, 3724363; 565257, 

3724379; 565257, 3724421; 565274, 

3724448; 565290, 3724441; 565310, 

3724432; 565317, 3724438; 565346, 

3724460; 565355, 3724622; 565348, 

3724812; 565307, 3724890; 565266, 

3724966; 565240, 3725013; 565289, 

3725063; 565312, 3725087; 565341, 

3725165; 565422, 3725156; 565464, 

3725152; 565490, 3725149; 565493, 

3725149; 565522, 3725145; 565556, 

3725116; 565619, 3725062; 565757, 

3725065; 565842, 3725067; 565907, 

3725026; 565944, 3725002; 565945, 

3725002; 565945, 3725002; 565945, 

3725002; 565946, 3725001; 565946, 

3725001; 565946, 3725001; 565947, 

3725001; 565947, 3725001; 565947, 

3725001; 565948, 3725000; 565948, 

3725000; 565948, 3725000; 565948, 

3725000; 565949, 3725000; 565949, 

3725000; 565949, 3725000; 565950, 

3725000; 565950, 3725000; 565950, 

3725000; 565951, 3725000; 565951, 

3724999; 565952, 3724999; 565952, 

3724999; 565953, 3724999; 565953, 

3724999; 565954, 3724999; 565954, 

3724999; 565955, 3724999; 565955, 

3724999; 565956, 3724999; 565956, 

3724999; 565956, 3724999; 565957, 

3724999; 565957, 3725000; 565958, 

3725000; 565958, 3725000; 565959, 

3725000; 565959, 3725000; 565959, 

3725000; 565960, 3725000; 565960, 

3725000; 565960, 3725000; 565961, 

3725000; 565961, 3725001; 565961, 

3725001; 565962, 3725001; 565962, 

3725001; 565962, 3725001; 565962, 

3725001; 565963, 3725001; 565963, 

3725002; 565964, 3725002; 565964, 

3725002; 565964, 3725002; 565965, 

3725003; 565965, 3725003; 565965, 

3725003; 565966, 3725003; 565966, 

3725004; 565966, 3725004; 565967, 

3725004; 565967, 3725005; 565967, 

3725005; 565968, 3725005; 565968, 

3725006; 565968, 3725006; 565969, 

3725006; 565969, 3725007; 565969, 

3725007; 565969, 3725007; 565970, 

3725008; 565970, 3725008; 565970, 

3725009; 565970, 3725009; 565971, 

3725009; 565971, 3725010; 565971, 

3725010; 565971, 3725011; 565971, 

3725011; 565971, 3725011; 565971, 

3725011; 565972, 3725012; 565972, 

3725012; 565972, 3725013; 565972, 

3725013; 565972, 3725013; 565972, 

3725014; 565972, 3725014; 565972, 

3725015; 565972, 3725015; 565972, 

3725015; 565972, 3725016; 565972, 

3725016; 565972, 3725016; 565972, 

3725017; 565972, 3725017; 565972, 

3725018; 565972, 3725018; 565972, 

3725019; 565972, 3725019; 565972, 

3725019; 565972, 3725020; 565972, 

3725020; 565972, 3725020; 565972, 

3725021; 565972, 3725021; 565972, 

3725022; 565972, 3725022; 565972, 

3725023; 565972, 3725023; 565971, 

3725024; 565971, 3725024; 565971, 

3725025; 565903, 3725182; 565900, 

3725220; 565900, 3725300; 565892, 

3725300; 565888, 3725336; 565867, 

3725351; 565866, 3725352; 565800, 

3725398; 565800, 3725400; 565800, 

3725424; 565845, 3725432; 565848, 

3725480; 565865, 3725483; 565865, 

3725483; 565883, 3725486; 565899, 

3725489; 565909, 3725521; 565910, 

3725530; 565910, 3725531; 565910, 

3725532; 565913, 3725559; 565900, 

3725588; 565900, 3725600; 565900, 

3725669; 565900, 3725670; 565900, 

3725670; 565900, 3725700; 565888, 

3725700; 565864, 3725716; 565856, 

3725765; 565849, 3725813; 565849, 

3725814; 565849, 3725814; 565849, 

3725815; 565849, 3725815; 565849, 

3725816; 565849, 3725817; 565849, 

3725817; 565849, 3725818; 565849, 

3725818; 565849, 3725819; 565849, 

3725819; 565849, 3725820; 565849, 

3725821; 565849, 3725822; 565849, 

3725822; 565849, 3725823; 565849, 

3725824; 565849, 3725825; 565849, 

3725825; 565849, 3725826; 565849, 

3725826; 565849, 3725827; 565849, 

3725827; 565849, 3725828; 565850, 

3725829; 565850, 3725830; 565850, 

3725831; 565850, 3725831; 565850, 

3725832; 565851, 3725833; 565851, 

3725834; 565851, 3725834; 565851, 

3725835; 565852, 3725836; 565852, 

3725837; 565852, 3725837; 565852, 

3725838; 565853, 3725838; 565853, 

3725839; 565853, 3725839; 565853, 

3725840; 565854, 3725841; 565854, 

3725842; 565855, 3725842; 565855, 

3725843; 565856, 3725844; 565856, 

3725845; 565857, 3725846; 565858, 


pwalker on PROD1PC71 with PROPOSALS2
57772 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 195 / Wednesday, October 10, 2007 / Proposed Rules 

3725848; 565859, 3725849; 565860, 

3725850; 565861, 3725851; 565861, 

3725851; 565862, 3725852; 565862, 

3725852; 565862, 3725852; 565863, 

3725853; 565863, 3725854; 565864, 

3725854; 565865, 3725855; 565865, 

3725855; 565866, 3725856; 565867, 

3725856; 565867, 3725857; 565868, 

3725857; 565869, 3725858; 565870, 

3725858; 565871, 3725859; 565872, 

3725860; 565873, 3725860; 565875, 

3725861; 565876, 3725862; 565876, 

3725862; 565877, 3725862; 565877, 

3725862; 565878, 3725862; 565878, 

3725863; 565879, 3725863; 565879, 

3725863; 565880, 3725863; 565881, 

3725863; 565881, 3725864; 565882, 

3725864; 565882, 3725864; 565883, 

3725864; 565884, 3725864; 565884, 

3725864; 565885, 3725865; 565885, 

3725865; 565886, 3725865; 565887, 

3725865; 565888, 3725865; 565888, 

3725865; 565889, 3725865; 565890, 

3725865; 565891, 3725865; 565892, 

3725865; 565892, 3725866; 565893, 

3725866; 565894, 3725866; 565895, 

3725866; 565896, 3725866; 565896, 

3725866; 565897, 3725866; 565898, 

3725865; 565899, 3725865; 565899, 

3725865; 565900, 3725865; 565901, 

3725865; 565902, 3725865; 565903, 

3725865; 565904, 3725865; 565904, 

3725865; 565905, 3725864; 565906, 

3725864; 565907, 3725864; 565907, 

3725864; 565907, 3725864; 565908, 

3725863; 565909, 3725863; 565910, 

3725863; 565910, 3725863; 565911, 

3725863; 565911, 3725862; 565912, 

3725862; 565912, 3725862; 565913, 

3725862; 565913, 3725862; 565914, 

3725861; 565916, 3725860; 565917, 

3725860; 565918, 3725859; 565919, 

3725858; 565920, 3725858; 565921, 

3725857; 565922, 3725857; 565922, 

3725856; 565923, 3725856; 565924, 

3725855; 565939, 3725842; 566014, 

3725778; 566029, 3725765; 566057, 

3725765; 566059, 3725761; 566071, 

3725742; 566082, 3725731; 566094, 

3725726; 566108, 3725722; 566115, 

3725717; 566125, 3725710; 566130, 

3725706; 566131, 3725705; 566137, 

3725700; 566142, 3725694; 566145, 

3725691; 566149, 3725684; 566153, 

3725676; 566159, 3725672; 566165, 

3725666; 566168, 3725659; 566168, 

3725650; 566168, 3725642; 566166, 

3725633; 566165, 3725623; 566164, 

3725616; 566165, 3725610; 566167, 

3725601; 566172, 3725597; 566177, 

3725585; 566179, 3725577; 566176, 

3725567; 566173, 3725557; 566168, 

3725546; 566167, 3725538; 566165, 

3725530; 566163, 3725523; 566161, 

3725517; 566161, 3725508; 566165, 

3725500; 566171, 3725495; 566175, 

3725490; 566182, 3725484; 566190, 

3725478; 566194, 3725470; 566199, 

3725462; 566206, 3725451; 566210, 

3725444; 566219, 3725437; 566229, 

3725432; 566240, 3725430; 566253, 

3725428; 566260, 3725428; 566261, 

3725428; 566272, 3725422; 566278, 

3725422; 566283, 3725422; 566293, 

3725425; 566302, 3725425; 566313, 

3725422; 566315, 3725410; 566313, 

3725407; 566314, 3725394; 566318, 

3725382; 566322, 3725373; 566329, 

3725363; 566336, 3725359; 566348, 

3725352; 566355, 3725352; 566368, 

3725343; 566372, 3725337; 566376, 

3725330; 566388, 3725326; 566396, 

3725323; 566407, 3725320; 566417, 

3725320; 566426, 3725319; 566439, 

3725318; 566449, 3725323; 566461, 

3725327; 566468, 3725336; 566476, 

3725344; 566481, 3725346; 566493, 

3725350; 566501, 3725350; 566510, 

3725350; 566515, 3725350; 566525, 

3725346; 566537, 3725338; 566546, 

3725332; 566555, 3725328; 566566, 

3725321; 566575, 3725317; 566581, 

3725314; 566591, 3725305; 566593, 

3725302; 566597, 3725297; 566602, 

3725292; 566608, 3725283; 566615, 

3725272; 566620, 3725257; 566623, 

3725246; 566623, 3725233; 566623, 

3725228; 566595, 3725205; 566576, 

3725168; 566573, 3725134; 566569, 

3725089; 566569, 3725063; 566576, 

3725025; 566599, 3724984; 566610, 

3724954; 566629, 3724932; 566644, 

3724920; 566670, 3724913; 566672, 

3724913; 566693, 3724920; 566715, 

3724924; 566749, 3724920; 566771, 

3724905; 566773, 3724904; 566798, 

3724890; 566820, 3724860; 566846, 

3724853; 566906, 3724838; 566910, 

3724834; 566924, 3724825; 566940, 

3724819; 566951, 3724811; 566963, 

3724802; 566967, 3724791; 567005, 

3724744; 567014, 3724733; 567023, 

3724718; 567031, 3724710; 567045, 

3724692; 567054, 3724680; 567063, 

3724664; 567072, 3724655; 567113, 

3724636; 567119, 3724630; 567136, 

3724576; 567136, 3724575; 567136, 

3724575; 567136, 3724573; 567137, 

3724572; 567137, 3724572; 567137, 

3724570; 567137, 3724569; 567137, 

3724568; 567137, 3724567; 567137, 

3724566; 567137, 3724565; 567137, 

3724564; 567137, 3724563; 567138, 

3724562; 567138, 3724561; 567138, 

3724560; 567138, 3724559; 567138, 

3724558; 567138, 3724556; 567138, 

3724555; 567138, 3724554; 567138, 

3724553; 567138, 3724552; 567138, 

3724551; 567138, 3724550; 567138, 

3724549; 567138, 3724548; 567138, 

3724547; 567138, 3724545; 567138, 

3724544; 567138, 3724544; 567138, 

3724542; 567138, 3724541; 567138, 

3724540; 567138, 3724539; 567138, 

3724538; 567138, 3724537; 567138, 

3724536; 567138, 3724535; 567137, 

3724534; 567137, 3724533; 567137, 

3724532; 567137, 3724531; 567137, 

3724530; 567137, 3724528; 567137, 

3724527; 567137, 3724527; 567137, 

3724525; 567137, 3724524; 567136, 

3724523; 567136, 3724522; 567136, 

3724521; 567136, 3724520; 567136, 

3724519; 567136, 3724518; 567135, 

3724517; 567135, 3724516; 567135, 

3724515; 567135, 3724514; 567135, 

3724513; 567135, 3724512; 567134, 

3724511; 567134, 3724510; 567134, 

3724509; 567134, 3724508; 567134, 

3724507; 567133, 3724506; 567133, 

3724505; 567133, 3724504; 567133, 

3724503; 567133, 3724502; 567132, 

3724501; 567132, 3724500; 567132, 

3724500; 567132, 3724499; 567131, 

3724498; 567131, 3724497; 567131, 

3724496; 567131, 3724495; 567130, 

3724494; 567130, 3724493; 567130, 

3724492; 567130, 3724491; 567129, 

3724490; 567129, 3724490; 567129, 

3724489; 567129, 3724488; 567128, 

3724487; 567128, 3724486; 567128, 

3724485; 567127, 3724484; 567127, 

3724483; 567127, 3724482; 567126, 

3724481; 567126, 3724480; 567126, 

3724479; 567125, 3724479; 567125, 

3724478; 567125, 3724476; 567124, 

3724475; 567124, 3724474; 567123, 

3724473; 567123, 3724472; 567122, 

3724471; 567122, 3724470; 567121, 

3724469; 567121, 3724467; 567120, 

3724466; 567120, 3724465; 567119, 

3724464; 567119, 3724463; 567119, 

3724462; 567118, 3724461; 567117, 

3724460; 567117, 3724459; 567082, 

3724391; 567079, 3724385; 567078, 

3724384; 567078, 3724384; 567077, 

3724383; 567077, 3724382; 567076, 

3724381; 567076, 3724381; 567076, 

3724380; 567075, 3724380; 567075, 

3724379; 567075, 3724379; 567074, 

3724378; 567074, 3724378; 567074, 

3724377; 567073, 3724376; 567072, 

3724375; 567072, 3724374; 567071, 

3724373; 567071, 3724373; 567071, 

3724372; 567070, 3724372; 567070, 

3724371; 567070, 3724371; 567069, 

3724370; 567069, 3724370; 567069, 

3724369; 567068, 3724369; 567068, 

3724368; 567067, 3724367; 567066, 

3724366; 567066, 3724365; 567066, 

3724365; 567066, 3724364; 567065, 

3724364; 567065, 3724363; 567065, 

3724363; 567064, 3724362; 567064, 

3724362; 567064, 3724361; 567063, 

3724361; 567063, 3724360; 567062, 

3724359; 567062, 3724358; 567061, 

3724357; 567061, 3724357; 567061, 

3724356; 567060, 3724356; 567060, 

3724355; 567060, 3724355; 567059, 

3724354; 567059, 3724354; 567059, 

3724354; 567059, 3724353; 567058, 

3724353; 567058, 3724352; 567057, 

3724351; 567056, 3724350; 567056, 

3724349; 567055, 3724348; 567055, 


pwalker on PROD1PC71 with PROPOSALS2
Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 195 / Wednesday, October 10, 2007 / Proposed Rules 57773 

3724348; 567055, 3724347; 567054, 

3724347; 567054, 3724346; 567054, 

3724345; 567039, 3724324; 566895, 

3724115; 566884, 3724097; 566839, 

3724025; 566839, 3724025; 566838, 

3724023; 566821, 3723993; 566820, 

3723992; 566820, 3723991; 566820, 

3723991; 566820, 3723990; 566819, 

3723990; 566819, 3723990; 566819, 

3723989; 566819, 3723989; 566819, 

3723988; 566818, 3723988; 566818, 

3723988; 566818, 3723987; 566818, 

3723987; 566818, 3723987; 566817, 

3723986; 566817, 3723985; 566817, 

3723984; 566816, 3723984; 566816, 

3723983; 566816, 3723983; 566816, 

3723982; 566816, 3723982; 566816, 

3723981; 566815, 3723981; 566815, 

3723980; 566815, 3723980; 566815, 

3723979; 566815, 3723979; 566815, 

3723978; 566814, 3723978; 566814, 

3723977; 566814, 3723977; 566814, 

3723976; 566814, 3723976; 566814, 

3723975; 566814, 3723975; 566814, 

3723974; 566814, 3723974; 566813, 

3723973; 566813, 3723973; 566813, 

3723972; 566813, 3723972; 566813, 

3723971; 566813, 3723971; 566813, 

3723970; 566813, 3723970; 566813, 

3723969; 566813, 3723969; 566813, 

3723968; 566812, 3723968; 566812, 

3723967; 566812, 3723967; 566812, 

3723966; 566812, 3723966; 566812, 

3723965; 566812, 3723964; 566812, 

3723964; 566812, 3723964; 566812, 

3723963; 566812, 3723962; 566812, 

3723962; 566812, 3723962; 566812, 

3723961; 566812, 3723961; 566812, 

3723960; 566812, 3723960; 566812, 

3723960; 566812, 3723959; 566812, 

3723958; 566812, 3723958; 566812, 

3723957; 566812, 3723957; 566812, 

3723956; 566812, 3723956; 566812, 

3723955; 566812, 3723955; 566812, 

3723954; 566812, 3723954; 566812, 

3723953; 566812, 3723953; 566812, 

3723952; 566812, 3723951; 566812, 

3723951; 566812, 3723951; 566812, 

3723950; 566812, 3723950; 566813, 

3723949; 566813, 3723949; 566813, 

3723948; 566813, 3723947; 566813, 

3723947; 566813, 3723946; 566813, 

3723945; 566813, 3723944; 566814, 

3723944; 566814, 3723944; 566814, 

3723943; 566814, 3723943; 566814, 

3723942; 566814, 3723942; 566814, 

3723941; 566814, 3723941; 566814, 

3723941; 566815, 3723940; 566815, 

3723940; 566815, 3723939; 566815, 

3723939; 566815, 3723938; 566815, 

3723938; 566815, 3723937; 566816, 

3723936; 566816, 3723936; 566816, 

3723935; 566816, 3723935; 566817, 

3723934; 566817, 3723934; 566817, 

3723933; 566817, 3723932; 566818, 

3723932; 566818, 3723931; 566819, 

3723930; 566819, 3723929; 566819, 

3723928; 566819, 3723928; 566819, 

3723928; 566671, 3723064; 566260, 

3722203; 566388, 3720917; 566353, 

3720941; 566309, 3720971; 566293, 

3721009; 566274, 3721104; 566129, 

3721224; 566033, 3721260; 565979, 

3721270; 565929, 3721299; 565866, 

3721304; 565805, 3721314; 565738, 

3721360; 565701, 3721350; 565674, 

3721325; 565625, 3721325; 565563, 

3721312; 565562, 3721295; 565593, 

3721249; 565653, 3721198; 565713, 

3721195; 565711, 3721141; 565795, 

3721105; 565837, 3721053; 565887, 

3721000; 565873, 3720960; 565914, 

3720923; 565964, 3720933; 566048, 

3720990; 566160, 3720977; 566281, 

3720895; 566354, 3720846; 566351, 

3720048; 566360, 3720048; 566412, 

3720050; 566456, 3720051; 566458, 

3720048; 566457, 3720047; 566454, 

3720018; 566442, 3720000; 566437, 

3719984; 566429, 3719963; 566423, 

3719950; 566417, 3719935; 566406, 

3719905; 566400, 3719883; 566395, 

3719847; 566399, 3719820; 566424, 

3719800; 566540, 3719832; 566999, 

3718635; 567828, 3717445; 567827, 

3717445; 567829, 3717248; 567928, 

3717248; 567929, 3717165; 567939, 

3717140; 567971, 3717071; 567988, 

3717040; 568014, 3717016; 568023, 

3717007; 568033, 3716998; 568041, 

3716990; 568074, 3716970; 568095, 

3716962; 568130, 3716955; 568172, 

3716953; 568253, 3716953; 568338, 

3716956; 568383, 3716953; 568408, 

3716950; 568432, 3716940; 568731, 

3716735; 568868, 3716640; 568956, 

3716595; 569647, 3716127; 569648, 

3716053; 569752, 3716056; 570607, 

3715478; 572371, 3713796; 572894, 

3712888; 572887, 3712888; 572887, 

3712879; 572896, 3712879; 572899, 

3712879; 573765, 3711377; 574462, 

3708958; 574216, 3707153; 574298, 

3706046; 575487, 3704652; 576963, 

3703504; 577258, 3703086; 577373, 

3702643; 577399, 3702239; 577935, 

3700356; 578628, 3698965; 578791, 

3698763; 578557, 3698773; 577751, 

3698805; 577343, 3698821; 577106, 

3698831; 576945, 3698837; 576140, 

3698869; 575492, 3698895; 575417, 

3698897; 575143, 3699674; 574762, 

3700457; 573744, 3701312; 573761, 

3701319; 573705, 3701330; 572330, 

3701986; 568229, 3704405; 565194, 

3706660; 563472, 3709736; 563267, 

3710843; 564169, 3711499; 564702, 

3712729; 564333, 3714083; 563867, 

3714714; 563618, 3714947; 563515, 

3715053; 563462, 3715152; 563469, 

3715251; 563434, 3715340; 563397, 

3715452; 563355, 3715541; 563245, 

3715540; 563208, 3715425; 563139, 

3715304; 563044, 3715285; 561914, 

3715805; 561616, 3715959; 561616, 

3715994; 561549, 3715994; 559453, 

3717076; 558346, 3717568; 557485, 

3717322; 554983, 3717158; 554614, 

3717404; 554573, 3718921; 554447, 

3719696; 554448, 3719696; 554445, 

3719707; 554327, 3720439; 554179, 

3720908; 554179, 3720989; 554154, 

3720988; 554068, 3721263; 554083, 

3721362; 554090, 3721407; 554098, 

3721458; 554128, 3721481; 554148, 

3721477; 554175, 3721498; 554178, 

3721519; 554219, 3721553; 554219, 

3721572; 554218, 3721660; 554218, 

3721768; 554218, 3721789; 554126, 

3721860; 554087, 3721860; 554067, 

3721861; 554067, 3721862; 554067, 

3721863; 554067, 3721864; 554067, 

3721866; 554067, 3721867; 554067, 

3721868; 554066, 3721869; 554066, 

3721870; 554066, 3721871; 554066, 

3721873; 554065, 3721874; 554065, 

3721875; 554064, 3721876; 554064, 

3721877; 554063, 3721878; 554063, 

3721879; 554062, 3721880; 554046, 

3721903; 554046, 3721904; 554045, 

3721905; 554044, 3721906; 554044, 

3721907; 554043, 3721908; 554042, 

3721909; 554041, 3721910; 554041, 

3721911; 554040, 3721912; 554040, 

3721913; 554039, 3721914; 554038, 

3721915; 554038, 3721917; 554037, 

3721918; 554037, 3721919; 554036, 

3721920; 554035, 3721921; 554035, 

3721922; 554034, 3721923; 554034, 

3721924; 554033, 3721925; 554033, 

3721926; 554032, 3721927; 554032, 

3721929; 554031, 3721930; 554031, 

3721931; 554031, 3721932; 554030, 

3721933; 554030, 3721934; 554029, 

3721935; 554029, 3721937; 554028, 

3721938; 554028, 3721939; 554028, 

3721940; 554027, 3721941; 554027, 

3721942; 554027, 3721944; 554026, 

3721945; 554026, 3721946; 554026, 

3721947; 554025, 3721948; 554025, 

3721949; 554025, 3721951; 554025, 

3721952; 553999, 3721944; 553976, 

3721944; 553975, 3722106; 553974, 

3722219; 553974, 3722282; 553973, 

3722374; 553883, 3722373; 553766, 

3722372; 553692, 3722372; 553644, 

3722371; 553488, 3722370; 553366, 

3722369; 553367, 3722268; 553367, 

3722255; 553367, 3722115; 553368, 

3721997; 553368, 3721995; 553015, 

3722079; 552072, 3722079; 551826, 

3722325; 551621, 3722940; 550924, 

3723924; 550473, 3725155; 550719, 

3725770; 551498, 3726549; 551457, 

3727574; 550596, 3728599; 549324, 

3729132; 547479, 3730649; 546905, 

3731511; 546126, 3733438; 545593, 

3735324; 545593, 3736021; 546126, 

3736842; 546659, 3736924; 547192, 

3736637; 548109, 3735861; 548109, 

3735861; 548109, 3735860; 548109, 

3735859; 548109, 3735859; 548109, 

3735858; 548109, 3735858; 548109, 

3735857; 548108, 3735856; 548108, 


pwalker on PROD1PC71 with PROPOSALS2
57774 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 195 / Wednesday, October 10, 2007 / Proposed Rules 

3735856; 548108, 3735855; 548108, 

3735855; 548108, 3735854; 548108, 

3735853; 548108, 3735853; 548099, 

3735741; 548160, 3735740; 548150, 

3735603; 548130, 3735533; 548155, 

3735523; 548181, 3735513; 548190, 

3735509; thence returning to 548200, 

3735505. 

(ii) Note: Map of Unit 2A, North Santa 

Rosa Mountains (Map 3) follows: 

BILLING CODE 4310–55–P 

BILLING CODE 4310–55–C 


pwalker on PROD1PC71 with PROPOSALS2EP10OC07.002</GPH>
Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 195 / Wednesday, October 10, 2007 / Proposed Rules 57775 

(8) Unit 2B: South Santa Rosa 

Mountains south to Vallecito 

Mountains, Riverside, San Diego, and 

Imperial Counties, California. 

(i) From USGS 1:24,000 quadrangles 

Agua Caliente Hot Springs, Arroyo 

Tapiado, Borrego Mountain, Borrego 

Mountain SE, Borrego Palm Canyon, 

Borrego Sink, Bucksnort Mountain, 

Carrizo Mountain NE, Clark Lake, Clark 

Lake NE, Collins Valley, Earthquake 

Valley, Fonts Point, Harper Canyon, 

Plaster City NW, Rabbit Peak, Seventeen 

Palms, Tubb Canyon, and Whale Peak. 

Land bounded by the following 

Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) 

North American Datum of 1927 

(NAD27) coordinates (E, N): 552772, 

3702586; 552772, 3702567; 552801, 

3702567; 552801, 3702539; 552829, 

3702539; 552829, 3702511; 552914, 

3702511; 552914, 3702482; 552943, 

3702482; 552943, 3702454; 552971, 

3702454; 552971, 3702426; 552999, 

3702426; 552999, 3702397; 553113, 

3702397; 553113, 3702369; 553170, 

3702369; 553170, 3702340; 553198, 

3702340; 553198, 3702312; 553255, 

3702312; 553255, 3702284; 553311, 

3702284; 553311, 3702255; 553340, 

3702255; 553340, 3702284; 553368, 

3702284; 553368, 3702312; 553453, 

3702312; 553453, 3702284; 553538, 

3702284; 553538, 3702255; 553567, 

3702255; 553567, 3702227; 553624, 

3702227; 553624, 3702199; 553652, 

3702199; 553652, 3702227; 553709, 

3702227; 553709, 3702255; 553717, 

3702255; 554616, 3702119; 556163, 

3701891; 557619, 3701709; 559531, 

3701800; 560669, 3701800; 561670, 

3701390; 562899, 3700617; 564310, 

3699934; 569738, 3698190; 570758, 

3697602; 570758, 3697546; 570730, 

3697546; 570730, 3697433; 570702, 

3697433; 570702, 3697404; 570673, 

3697404; 570673, 3697262; 570702, 

3697262; 570702, 3697206; 570730, 

3697206; 570730, 3697177; 570787, 

3697177; 570787, 3697206; 570815, 

3697206; 570815, 3697234; 570900, 

3697234; 570900, 3697177; 570929, 

3697177; 570929, 3697149; 570957, 

3697149; 570957, 3697121; 571014, 

3697121; 571014, 3697092; 571042, 

3697092; 571042, 3697064; 571014, 

3697064; 571014, 3697036; 570985, 

3697036; 570985, 3696950; 570957, 

3696950; 570957, 3696894; 571212, 

3696894; 571212, 3696865; 571382, 

3696865; 571382, 3696752; 571411, 

3696752; 571411, 3696667; 571382, 

3696667; 571382, 3696553; 571411, 

3696553; 571411, 3696525; 571468, 

3696525; 571468, 3696497; 571496, 

3696497; 571496, 3696440; 571468, 

3696440; 571468, 3696326; 571439, 

3696326; 571439, 3696270; 571496, 

3696270; 571496, 3696241; 571524, 

3696241; 571524, 3696184; 571638, 

3696184; 571638, 3696156; 571666, 

3696156; 571666, 3696128; 571694, 

3696128; 571694, 3696071; 571723, 

3696071; 571723, 3696043; 571751, 

3696043; 571751, 3695901; 571723, 

3695901; 571723, 3695759; 571751, 

3695759; 571751, 3695731; 571780, 

3695731; 571780, 3695702; 571808, 

3695702; 571808, 3695645; 571836, 

3695645; 571836, 3695589; 571808, 

3695589; 571808, 3695532; 571780, 

3695532; 571780, 3695475; 571751, 

3695475; 571751, 3695447; 571723, 

3695447; 571723, 3695390; 571751, 

3695390; 571751, 3695362; 571723, 

3695362; 571723, 3695333; 571694, 

3695333; 571694, 3695192; 571723, 

3695192; 571723, 3695163; 571751, 

3695163; 571751, 3695192; 571836, 

3695192; 571836, 3695163; 571865, 

3695163; 571865, 3695078; 571978, 

3695078; 571978, 3695050; 572007, 

3695050; 572007, 3694993; 571978, 

3694993; 571978, 3694965; 571950, 

3694965; 571950, 3694879; 571978, 

3694879; 571978, 3694851; 572007, 

3694851; 572007, 3694823; 572063, 

3694823; 572063, 3694738; 572035, 

3694738; 572035, 3694709; 572007, 

3694709; 572007, 3694624; 571978, 

3694624; 571978, 3694596; 571921, 

3694596; 571921, 3694511; 571950, 

3694511; 571950, 3694369; 572092, 

3694369; 572092, 3694340; 572177, 

3694340; 572177, 3694312; 572205, 

3694312; 572205, 3694085; 572177, 

3694085; 572177, 3693830; 572319, 

3693830; 572319, 3693660; 572290, 

3693660; 572290, 3693546; 572319, 

3693546; 572319, 3693518; 572347, 

3693518; 572347, 3693489; 572404, 

3693489; 572404, 3693461; 572432, 

3693461; 572432, 3693489; 572460, 

3693489; 572460, 3693518; 572489, 

3693518; 572489, 3693546; 572517, 

3693546; 572517, 3693574; 572546, 

3693574; 572546, 3693603; 572602, 

3693603; 572602, 3693660; 572631, 

3693660; 572631, 3693688; 572687, 

3693688; 572687, 3693716; 572744, 

3693716; 572744, 3693773; 572801, 

3693773; 572801, 3693745; 572829, 

3693745; 572829, 3693716; 572858, 

3693716; 572858, 3693603; 572886, 

3693603; 572886, 3693575; 572914, 

3693575; 572914, 3693518; 572971, 

3693518; 572971, 3693489; 572999, 

3693489; 572999, 3693404; 573028, 

3693404; 573028, 3693149; 573056, 

3693149; 573056, 3693121; 573085, 

3693121; 573085, 3693007; 573113, 

3693007; 573113, 3692979; 573141, 

3692979; 573141, 3692950; 573170, 

3692950; 573170, 3692979; 573198, 

3692979; 573198, 3692950; 573312, 

3692950; 573312, 3692894; 573340, 

3692894; 573340, 3692837; 573368, 

3692837; 573368, 3692809; 573425, 

3692809; 573425, 3692752; 573453, 

3692752; 573453, 3692723; 573482, 

3692723; 573482, 3692667; 573510, 

3692667; 573510, 3692638; 573538, 

3692638; 573538, 3692610; 573567, 

3692610; 573567, 3692582; 573595, 

3692582; 573595, 3692525; 573624, 

3692525; 573624, 3692411; 573652, 

3692411; 573652, 3692355; 573680, 

3692355; 573680, 3692326; 573709, 

3692326; 573709, 3692270; 573737, 

3692270; 573737, 3692241; 573765, 

3692241; 573765, 3692184; 573794, 

3692184; 573794, 3692128; 573822, 

3692128; 573822, 3692071; 573879, 

3692071; 573879, 3692099; 573907, 

3692099; 573907, 3692326; 573879, 

3692326; 573879, 3692468; 573851, 

3692468; 573851, 3692610; 573822, 

3692610; 573822, 3692752; 573851, 

3692752; 573851, 3692780; 573822, 

3692780; 573822, 3692979; 573851, 

3692979; 574588, 3693121; 574588, 

3693064; 574560, 3693061; 574560, 

3693035; 574531, 3693035; 574531, 

3693007; 574503, 3693007; 574503, 

3692979; 574475, 3692979; 574475, 

3692865; 574560, 3692865; 574560, 

3692837; 574645, 3692837; 574645, 

3692780; 574730, 3692780; 574730, 

3692752; 574758, 3692752; 574758, 

3692695; 574730, 3692695; 574730, 

3692638; 574702, 3692638; 574702, 

3692582; 574730, 3692582; 574730, 

3692610; 574815, 3692610; 574815, 

3692553; 574843, 3692553; 574843, 

3692525; 574872, 3692525; 574872, 

3692411; 574900, 3692411; 574900, 

3692383; 574985, 3692383; 574985, 

3692496; 575014, 3692496; 575014, 

3692610; 575042, 3692610; 575042, 

3692667; 575127, 3692667; 575127, 

3692638; 575156, 3692638; 575156, 

3692610; 575184, 3692610; 575184, 

3692582; 575212, 3692582; 575212, 

3692553; 575326, 3692553; 575326, 

3692582; 575354, 3692582; 575354, 

3692610; 575382, 3692610; 575382, 

3692582; 575411, 3692582; 575411, 

3692525; 575439, 3692525; 575439, 

3692468; 575411, 3692468; 575411, 

3692355; 575439, 3692355; 575439, 

3692326; 575468, 3692326; 575468, 

3692298; 575553, 3692298; 575553, 

3692270; 575581, 3692270; 575581, 

3692213; 575553, 3692213; 575553, 

3692184; 575581, 3692184; 575581, 

3692128; 575609, 3692128; 575609, 

3692099; 575638, 3692099; 575638, 

3692071; 575609, 3692071; 575609, 

3692014; 575581, 3692014; 575581, 

3691957; 575553, 3691957; 575553, 

3691901; 575524, 3691901; 575524, 

3691787; 575581, 3691787; 575581, 

3691645; 575609, 3691645; 575609, 

3691589; 575666, 3691589; 575666, 


pwalker on PROD1PC71 with PROPOSALS2
57776 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 195 / Wednesday, October 10, 2007 / Proposed Rules 

3691560; 575695, 3691560; 575695, 

3691504; 575723, 3691504; 575723, 

3691475; 575751, 3691475; 575751, 

3691447; 575780, 3691447; 575780, 

3691390; 575808, 3691390; 575808, 

3691362; 575836, 3691362; 575836, 

3691277; 575893, 3691277; 575893, 

3691305; 575921, 3691305; 575921, 

3691333; 575950, 3691333; 575978, 

3691333; 575978, 3691447; 575950, 

3691447; 575950, 3691532; 576007, 

3691532; 576007, 3691504; 576120, 

3691504; 576120, 3691475; 576148, 

3691475; 576148, 3691447; 576177, 

3691447; 576177, 3691248; 576205, 

3691248; 576205, 3691220; 576262, 

3691220; 576262, 3691248; 576319, 

3691248; 576319, 3691532; 576347, 

3691532; 576347, 3691617; 576375, 

3691617; 576375, 3691674; 576347, 

3691674; 576347, 3691759; 576404, 

3691759; 576404, 3691816; 576489, 

3691816; 576489, 3691759; 576517, 

3691759; 576517, 3691731; 576546, 

3691731; 576546, 3691702; 576574, 

3691702; 576574, 3691504; 576744, 

3691504; 576744, 3691447; 576716, 

3691447; 576716, 3691333; 576687, 

3691333; 576687, 3691305; 576659, 

3691305; 576659, 3691248; 576631, 

3691248; 576631, 3691163; 576687, 

3691163; 576687, 3691135; 576744, 

3691135; 576744, 3691021; 576716, 

3691021; 576716, 3690879; 576744, 

3690879; 576744, 3690851; 576801, 

3690851; 576801, 3690879; 576886, 

3690879; 576886, 3690851; 576943, 

3690851; 576943, 3690879; 576971, 

3690879; 576971, 3690908; 576943, 

3690908; 576943, 3690965; 576971, 

3690965; 576971, 3691050; 576999, 

3691050; 576999, 3691106; 577028, 

3691106; 577028, 3691191; 577056, 

3691191; 577056, 3691220; 577085, 

3691220; 577085, 3691248; 577170, 

3691248; 577170, 3691220; 577198, 

3691220; 577198, 3691191; 577226, 

3691191; 577226, 3691163; 577255, 

3691163; 577255, 3691135; 577283, 

3691135; 577283, 3691163; 577312, 

3691163; 577312, 3691191; 577340, 

3691191; 577340, 3691277; 577397, 

3691277; 577397, 3691248; 577453, 

3691248; 577453, 3691220; 577510, 

3691220; 577510, 3691248; 577567, 

3691248; 577567, 3691277; 577624, 

3691277; 577624, 3691248; 577652, 

3691248; 577652, 3691220; 577680, 

3691220; 577680, 3691191; 577737, 

3691191; 577737, 3691277; 577765, 

3691277; 577765, 3691305; 577794, 

3691305; 577794, 3691362; 577822, 

3691362; 577822, 3691390; 577851, 

3691390; 577851, 3691418; 577936, 

3691418; 577936, 3691447; 578021, 

3691447; 578021, 3691475; 578049, 

3691475; 578049, 3691560; 578021, 

3691560; 578021, 3691617; 577992, 

3691617; 577992, 3691731; 577964, 

3691731; 577964, 3691759; 577942, 

3691813; 577944, 3691860; 577997, 

3691933; 578006, 3692036; 578030, 

3692165; 578021, 3692284; 577993, 

3692375; 577954, 3692414; 577905, 

3692446; 577824, 3692457; 577748, 

3692443; 577660, 3692384; 577557, 

3692341; 577449, 3692316; 577381, 

3692264; 577315, 3692216; 577182, 

3692146; 577141, 3692070; 577077, 

3692027; 577006, 3692042; 576933, 

3691993; 576879, 3691970; 576836, 

3691965; 576798, 3691978; 576773, 

3692043; 576744, 3692043; 576744, 

3692383; 576659, 3692383; 576659, 

3692411; 576574, 3692411; 576574, 

3692440; 576460, 3692440; 576460, 

3692468; 576404, 3692468; 576404, 

3692496; 576290, 3692496; 576290, 

3692525; 576234, 3692525; 576234, 

3692582; 576177, 3692582; 576177, 

3692610; 576148, 3692610; 576148, 

3692638; 576092, 3692638; 576092, 

3692723; 576063, 3692723; 576063, 

3692809; 576092, 3692809; 576092, 

3692837; 576063, 3692837; 576063, 

3692979; 576035, 3692979; 576035, 

3693036; 576007, 3693036; 576007, 

3693121; 575978, 3693121; 575978, 

3693149; 575950, 3693149; 575950, 

3693177; 575921, 3693177; 575921, 

3693149; 575836, 3693149; 575836, 

3693177; 575723, 3693177; 575723, 

3693262; 575751, 3693262; 575751, 

3693348; 575780, 3693348; 575780, 

3693376; 575808, 3693376; 575808, 

3693404; 575780, 3693404; 575780, 

3693433; 575638, 3693433; 575638, 

3693404; 575524, 3693404; 575524, 

3693433; 575439, 3693433; 575439, 

3693404; 575382, 3693404; 575382, 

3693433; 575241, 3693433; 575241, 

3693489; 575212, 3693489; 575212, 

3693518; 575127, 3693518; 575127, 

3693489; 575099, 3693489; 575099, 

3693433; 575070, 3693433; 575070, 

3693461; 575014, 3693461; 575014, 

3693546; 574985, 3693546; 574985, 

3693575; 575014, 3693575; 575014, 

3693603; 574985, 3693603; 574985, 

3693631; 574957, 3693631; 574957, 

3693603; 574929, 3693603; 574882, 

3693602; 574694, 3694053; 574529, 

3694524; 574506, 3694971; 574529, 

3695794; 574647, 3696406; 574906, 

3696664; 575258, 3696758; 575280, 

3696752; 575274, 3696773; 575645, 

3697220; 575513, 3698626; 575417, 

3698897; 575492, 3698895; 576140, 

3698869; 576945, 3698837; 577106, 

3698831; 577343, 3698821; 577751, 

3698805; 578557, 3698773; 578791, 

3698763; 579475, 3697914; 580051, 

3696677; 579551, 3693708; 582948, 

3690942; 583903, 3689828; 584752, 

3688448; 585283, 3687440; 585601, 

3686060; 585176, 3685052; 584327, 

3684415; 583001, 3683885; 581412, 

3683518; 578544, 3683407; 573769, 

3685728; 571103, 3688624; 569357, 

3691796; 568621, 3693129; 566231, 

3694186; 563703, 3695151; 561175, 

3695013; 558785, 3695335; 558279, 

3694324; 558279, 3693450; 559382, 

3692439; 560945, 3692347; 563703, 

3692072; 564438, 3691198; 565312, 

3687981; 565266, 3686326; 564209, 

3684533; 563611, 3684809; 558831, 

3689222; 557452, 3689314; 556533, 

3689176; 556165, 3688256; 554924, 

3681592; 554740, 3679385; 555843, 

3676536; 556900, 3673686; 559934, 

3670560; 564071, 3668400; 571333, 

3665412; 576113, 3663390; 580066, 

3661735; 582640, 3660448; 583515, 

3655760; 585457, 3653852; 588867, 

3652806; 590732, 3652397; 592550, 

3651942; 594597, 3650441; 595642, 

3648486; 595506, 3647213; 594960, 

3645894; 593824, 3644985; 591505, 

3645076; 589095, 3645485; 587412, 

3646167; 583884, 3649167; 581648, 

3650315; 578804, 3650497; 574811, 

3651340; 572685, 3651727; 570688, 

3651276; 569658, 3650825; 568964, 

3650527; 568047, 3650310; 567279, 

3650197; 566460, 3650255; 565466, 

3650948; 564605, 3651791; 564019, 

3652596; 563917, 3652839; 563977, 

3653013; 564098, 3653155; 564244, 

3653230; 564404, 3653262; 564518, 

3653262; 564546, 3653262; 564546, 

3653205; 564575, 3653205; 564575, 

3653177; 564631, 3653177; 564631, 

3653205; 564688, 3653205; 564688, 

3653233; 564716, 3653233; 564716, 

3653262; 564773, 3653262; 564773, 

3653290; 564830, 3653290; 564830, 

3653319; 564858, 3653319; 564858, 

3653347; 564915, 3653347; 564915, 

3653319; 565057, 3653319; 565057, 

3653347; 565142, 3653347; 565142, 

3653319; 565227, 3653319; 565227, 

3653290; 565539, 3653290; 565539, 

3653262; 565567, 3653262; 565567, 

3653233; 565596, 3653233; 565596, 

3653205; 565624, 3653205; 565624, 

3653148; 565596, 3653148; 565596, 

3653092; 565709, 3653092; 565709, 

3653063; 565738, 3653063; 565738, 

3653035; 565794, 3653035; 565794, 

3653006; 565823, 3653006; 565823, 

3652978; 565851, 3652978; 565851, 

3652950; 565936, 3652950; 565936, 

3652978; 565965, 3652978; 565965, 

3653006; 565993, 3653006; 565993, 

3653035; 566021, 3653035; 566021, 

3653063; 566078, 3653063; 566078, 

3653148; 566050, 3653148; 566050, 

3653177; 566021, 3653177; 566021, 

3653205; 566135, 3653205; 566135, 

3653177; 566163, 3653177; 566163, 

3653205; 566192, 3653205; 566192, 

3653262; 566220, 3653262; 566220, 

3653290; 566277, 3653290; 566277, 


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Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 195 / Wednesday, October 10, 2007 / Proposed Rules 57777 

3653319; 566305, 3653319; 566305, 

3653375; 566277, 3653375; 566277, 

3653404; 566248, 3653404; 566248, 

3653432; 566277, 3653432; 566277, 

3653517; 566248, 3653517; 566248, 

3653574; 566305, 3653574; 566305, 

3653631; 566277, 3653631; 566277, 

3653659; 566248, 3653659; 566248, 

3653687; 566192, 3653687; 566192, 

3653659; 566135, 3653659; 566135, 

3653744; 566163, 3653744; 566163, 

3653801; 566192, 3653801; 566192, 

3653829; 566248, 3653829; 566248, 

3653801; 566277, 3653801; 566277, 

3653772; 566333, 3653772; 566333, 

3653744; 566390, 3653744; 566390, 

3653716; 566560, 3653716; 566560, 

3653687; 566589, 3653687; 566589, 

3653659; 566645, 3653659; 566645, 

3653631; 566674, 3653631; 566674, 

3653602; 566702, 3653602; 566702, 

3653574; 566731, 3653574; 566731, 

3653545; 566759, 3653545; 566759, 

3653517; 566844, 3653517; 566844, 

3653489; 566816, 3653489; 566816, 

3653460; 566787, 3653460; 566787, 

3653432; 566759, 3653432; 566759, 

3653404; 566731, 3653404; 566731, 

3653347; 566702, 3653347; 566702, 

3653319; 566674, 3653319; 566674, 

3653262; 566645, 3653262; 566645, 

3653233; 566589, 3653233; 566589, 

3653205; 566560, 3653205; 566560, 

3653233; 566532, 3653233; 566532, 

3653177; 566504, 3653177; 566504, 

3653148; 566532, 3653148; 566532, 

3653092; 566560, 3653092; 566560, 

3653063; 566589, 3653063; 566589, 

3653035; 566674, 3653035; 566674, 

3653063; 566731, 3653063; 566731, 

3653092; 566759, 3653092; 566759, 

3653120; 566787, 3653120; 566787, 

3653148; 566872, 3653148; 566872, 

3653177; 566957, 3653177; 566957, 

3653205; 566986, 3653205; 566986, 

3653233; 567014, 3653233; 567014, 

3653290; 566986, 3653290; 566986, 

3653319; 566957, 3653319; 566957, 

3653347; 566901, 3653347; 566901, 

3653375; 566872, 3653375; 566872, 

3653432; 566901, 3653432; 566901, 

3653489; 566957, 3653489; 566957, 

3653517; 567071, 3653517; 567071, 

3653489; 567241, 3653489; 567241, 

3653517; 567355, 3653517; 567355, 

3653545; 567440, 3653545; 567440, 

3653517; 567468, 3653517; 567468, 

3653489; 567496, 3653489; 567496, 

3653432; 567553, 3653432; 567553, 

3653460; 567582, 3653460; 567582, 

3653489; 567638, 3653489; 567638, 

3653517; 567667, 3653517; 567667, 

3653489; 567780, 3653489; 567780, 

3653545; 567752, 3653545; 567752, 

3653602; 567723, 3653602; 567723, 

3653631; 567695, 3653631; 567695, 

3653659; 567667, 3653659; 567667, 

3653687; 567638, 3653687; 567638, 

3653829; 567610, 3653829; 567610, 

3653943; 567468, 3653943; 567468, 

3653914; 567411, 3653914; 567411, 

3653886; 567355, 3653886; 567355, 

3653858; 567298, 3653858; 567298, 

3653829; 567270, 3653829; 567270, 

3653858; 567184, 3653858; 567184, 

3653886; 567156, 3653886; 567156, 

3653914; 567099, 3653914; 567099, 

3653943; 567071, 3653943; 567071, 

3653971; 567099, 3653971; 567099, 

3654028; 567128, 3654028; 567128, 

3654056; 567156, 3654056; 567156, 

3654084; 567241, 3654084; 567241, 

3654113; 567298, 3654113; 567298, 

3654141; 567355, 3654141; 567355, 

3654340; 567383, 3654340; 567383, 

3654397; 567298, 3654397; 567298, 

3654425; 567270, 3654425; 567270, 

3654510; 567326, 3654510; 567326, 

3654595; 567270, 3654595; 567270, 

3654624; 567156, 3654624; 567156, 

3654652; 567128, 3654652; 567128, 

3654680; 567071, 3654680; 567071, 

3654709; 567014, 3654709; 566216, 

3654880; 565299, 3655720; 564154, 

3656560; 563753, 3657028; 562755, 

3657358; 562092, 3657629; 561252, 

3657782; 560641, 3658164; 558413, 

3659512; 557263, 3660178; 557445, 

3662054; 557021, 3663264; 556335, 

3663929; 556009, 3665045; 555823, 

3665882; 555172, 3666626; 554521, 

3667556; 554196, 3668486; 554010, 

3669462; 554242, 3670113; 554661, 

3670585; 554903, 3671311; 552665, 

3672703; 552483, 3673973; 551273, 

3676030; 550747, 3676670; 550555, 

3677054; 550555, 3677601; 550849, 

3678390; 551092, 3679540; 550870, 

3680865; 550929, 3680865; 550929, 

3680893; 550957, 3680893; 550957, 

3680922; 550985, 3680922; 550985, 

3680950; 551127, 3680950; 551127, 

3680922; 551156, 3680922; 551156, 

3680950; 551354, 3680950; 551354, 

3680978; 551383, 3680978; 551383, 

3681035; 551411, 3681035; 551411, 

3681092; 551383, 3681092; 551383, 

3681120; 551354, 3681120; 551354, 

3681149; 551326, 3681149; 551326, 

3681205; 551298, 3681205; 551298, 

3681262; 551269, 3681262; 551269, 

3681319; 551298, 3681319; 551298, 

3681461; 551326, 3681461; 551326, 

3681574; 551298, 3681574; 551298, 

3681603; 551127, 3681603; 551127, 

3681631; 551099, 3681631; 551099, 

3681659; 551071, 3681659; 551071, 

3681688; 551042, 3681688; 551042, 

3681716; 550985, 3681716; 550985, 

3681688; 550957, 3681688; 550957, 

3681631; 550929, 3681631; 550929, 

3681603; 550872, 3681603; 550872, 

3681574; 550844, 3681574; 550844, 

3681546; 550702, 3681546; 550702, 

3681517; 550617, 3681517; 550617, 

3681546; 550416, 3681546; 550333, 

3681652; 550333, 3681659; 550327, 

3681659; 550305, 3681688; 550305, 

3681716; 550283, 3681716; 550276, 

3681724; 550276, 3681744; 550261, 

3681744; 549760, 3682384; 549700, 

3683291; 550486, 3684441; 551515, 

3685469; 550849, 3686679; 549518, 

3689342; 548671, 3690854; 546070, 

3695090; 544980, 3695937; 544617, 

3696905; 545888, 3697631; 546191, 

3698478; 545222, 3699809; 545172, 

3700536; 544779, 3700891; 543838, 

3701122; 543700, 3701200; 543600, 

3701200; 543600, 3701500; 543769, 

3701639; 544355, 3701901; 544740, 

3702171; 545195, 3702271; 547397, 

3702286; 547571, 3702255; 547729, 

3702212; 547826, 3702175; 547943, 

3702114; 548059, 3702055; 548190, 

3701939; 548253, 3701863; 548253, 

3701768; 548209, 3701711; 548133, 

3701673; 547949, 3701603; 547891, 

3701565; 547891, 3701476; 548006, 

3701380; 548076, 3701279; 548203, 

3701234; 548317, 3701247; 548431, 

3701272; 548602, 3701347; 548744, 

3701347; 548744, 3701376; 548772, 

3701376; 548772, 3701461; 548801, 

3701461; 548801, 3701489; 548886, 

3701489; 549375, 3701732; 549903, 

3701990; 550456, 3702236; 551046, 

3702494; 551673, 3702715; 552177, 

3702794; 552296, 3702778; 552431, 

3702734; 552589, 3702681; 552696, 

3702627; thence returning to 552772, 

3702586. 

(ii) Note: Map of Unit 2B, South Santa 

Rosa Mountains south to Vallecito 

Mountains (Map 4) follows: 

BILLING CODE 4310–55–P 


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57778 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 195 / Wednesday, October 10, 2007 / Proposed Rules 

BILLING CODE 4310–55–C 


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Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 195 / Wednesday, October 10, 2007 / Proposed Rules 57779 

(9) Unit 3: Carrizo Canyon, San Diego 

and Imperial Counties, California. 

(i) From USGS 1:24,000 quadrangles 

Agua Caliente Hot Springs, Arroyo 

Tapiado, Carrizo Mountain, In-Ko-Pah 

Gorge, Jacumba, Painted Gorge, 

Sombrero Peak, and Sweeney Pass. 

Land bounded by the following 

Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) 

North American Datum of 1927 

(NAD27) coordinates (E, N): 574159, 

3634261; 574922, 3634108; 575915, 

3634261; 577290, 3634566; 578359, 

3634566; 579199, 3634261; 580039, 

3633879; 581032, 3633421; 582406, 

3633192; 583705, 3632810; 584697, 

3632810; 586225, 3633039; 587370, 

3633497; 588134, 3633726; 588821, 

3633879; 589738, 3634795; 589508, 

3635253; 589738, 3635635; 590119, 

3635941; 590959, 3635941; 591952, 

3635559; 592792, 3635406; 593632, 

3634871; 594320, 3634031; 595083, 

3632810; 595771, 3631511; 596000, 

3630519; 595923, 3629679; 595312, 

3628915; 594702, 3628304; 594167, 

3628075; 592411, 3627998; 591189, 

3627998; 590425, 3627998; 589280, 

3628228; 588058, 3628915; 587141, 

3629144; 586301, 3629449; 585003, 

3629984; 583857, 3630595; 583170, 

3630748; 582330, 3630671; 581566, 

3630824; 580650, 3630824; 579581, 

3630671; 578664, 3629679; 578283, 

3628915; 578283, 3628151; 578206, 

3626700; 578130, 3625784; 577595, 

3625631; 577290, 3625326; 577214, 

3624791; 577290, 3623951; 577825, 

3623187; 578512, 3622653; 579275, 

3621736; 580039, 3621126; 583136, 

3619091; 585446, 3617261; 585698, 

3616826; 585744, 3615522; 585561, 

3614538; 584920, 3613898; 584193, 

3613692; 583552, 3613600; 583021, 

3614241; 582399, 3615485; 581960, 

3616712; 580596, 3618451; 580070, 

3618565; 579046, 3618300; 578054, 

3617918; 578061, 3617609; 577347, 

3616950; 576981, 3616492; 576221, 

3616085; 575763, 3615856; 574923, 

3615933; 574159, 3616238; 573548, 

3616620; 573013, 3616849; 572326, 

3617154; 571562, 3617765; 570875, 

3618453; 570799, 3618987; 570417, 

3619751; 570493, 3620515; 570722, 

3621813; 570722, 3622500; 570722, 

3623493; 570646, 3624333; 570417, 

3625097; 570417, 3625937; 570188, 

3626700; 570417, 3627846; 572249, 

3630519; 572555, 3631664; 572478, 

3632657; 572020, 3633955; 571486, 

3634872; 570951, 3635864; 570187, 

3637239; 569729, 3637774; 569042, 

3638156; 568125, 3638308; 567209, 

3638614; 566674, 3638996; 566522, 

3639606; 566216, 3640294; 565911, 

3641134; 565681, 3641668; 565376, 

3642050; 564841, 3642508; 564460, 

3642890; 564536, 3643425; 565147, 

3644265; 565452, 3645029; 567132, 

3644799; 568278, 3644189; 569271, 

3643501; 569958, 3642508; 570111, 

3641897; 570874, 3641668; 571715, 

3640676; 572249, 3639072; 572937, 

3638232; 573318, 3637086; 573318, 

3635635; 573548, 3634643; thence 

returning to 574159, 3634261. 

(ii) Note: Map of Unit 3, Carrizo 

Canyon (Map 5) follows: 

BILLING CODE 4310–55–P 


pwalker on PROD1PC71 with PROPOSALS2
57780 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 195 / Wednesday, October 10, 2007 / Proposed Rules 

* * * * * 

Dated: September 28, 2007. 

Todd Willens, 

Acting Assistant Secretary for Fish and 

Wildlife and Parks. 

[FR Doc. 07–4959 Filed 10–9–07; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 4310–55–C 


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