RTI Project Number

 0208235.030 

Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation 

and Prevention Program 

Evaluation 

Volume II: 

Appendices 

October 2006 

Prepared for 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 

1600 Clifton Road 

Atlanta, GA 30333 

Prepared by 

Kristina Peterson, PhD 

Michael Witt, MA 

Katherine Morton, MS 

Murrey Olmsted, PhD 

RTI International 

3040 Cornwallis Road 

Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 

*RTI International is a trade name of Research Triangle Institute. 
Contents 

Appendix A:	 Fire Department Survey Forms 

A-1 Questionnaire 

A-2 Lead Letter 

A-3 Brochure 

A-4 Announcement 

A-5 Cover Letter 

A-6 Showcard 

A-7 First Reminder Letter 

A-8 Second Reminder Letter 

Appendix B: Post-Data Collection Methodology and Analysis 

Tables 

B-1 Fire Department Survey: Summary of Sample 

Weights 

B-2a Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent 

Estimates by Census Region 

B-2b Results from the Fire Department Survey, 

Confidence Interval Estimates by Census Region 

B-2c Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample 

Sizes by Census Region 

B-3a Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent 

Estimates by Jurisdiction Type 

B-3b Results from the Fire Department Survey, 

Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Type 

B-3c Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample 

Sizes by Jurisdiction Type 

iii 
Appendix C: 

B-4a Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent 

Estimates by Jurisdiction Size 

B-4b Results from the Fire Department Survey, 

Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Size 

B-4c Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample 

Sizes by Jurisdiction Size 

B-5a Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent 

Estimates by Department Type 

B-5b Results from the Fire Department Survey, 

Confidence Interval Estimates by Department Type 

B-5c Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample 

Sizes by Department Type 

B-6a Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent 

Estimates by Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

B-6b Results from the Fire Department Survey, 

Confidence Interval Estimates by Fatality and 

FFFIPP Investigation 

B-6c Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample 

Sizes by Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

B-7a Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent 

Estimates by Type of Fatality 

B-7b Results from the Fire Department Survey, 

Confidence Interval Estimates by Type of Fatality 

B-7c Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample 

Sizes by Type of Fatality 

B-8a Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent 

Estimates from Main Study and Nonresponse 

Follow-up Study 

B-8b Results from the Fire Department Survey, 

Confidence Interval Estimates from Main Study and 

Nonresponse Follow-up Study 

B-8c Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample 

Sizes from Main Study and Nonresponse Follow-up 

Study 

Additional Analysis Tables: Firefighter-Level 

Analysis and Logistic Regression Models 

Firefighter-Level Analysis 

15.1 Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent 

Estimates by Census Region 

iv 
16.1 Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent 

Estimates by Department Type 

17.1 Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent 

Estimates by Rural/Urban 

18.1 Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent 

Estimates by Population Protected 

19.1 Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent 

Estimates by Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Logistic Regression Models 

Appendix D:	 Nonresponse Follow-up Survey Forms 

D-1 Nonresponse Survey Instrument 

D-2 Informed Consent Script 

D-3 Frequently Asked Questions 

Appendix E: Focus Group Materials 

E-1 Announcement 

E-2 Screening Script 

E-3 Consent Form 

E-4 Moderator’s Guide 

E-5 Lifeline Handout 

v 
A Fire Department 

 Survey Forms 
Exhibit A-1. Questionnaire

OMB No: 0920-0697 

Exp. Date: 10/31/2007 

Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention 

Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation 

Fire Department Survey
 

Conducted by: RTI International 

Sponsored by: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and the
 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 
Dear Fire Chief, 

The Fire Department Survey is being conducted for the National Institute for 

Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). In 1998, Congress funded NIOSH to create 

the Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP). Through the 

FFFIPP, NIOSH studies the events that lead to firefighter deaths and makes 

recommendations to help prevent firefighter deaths and serious injuries. 

This survey is part of an evaluation that NIOSH is conducting to learn about the 

usefulness of the Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program. The 

FFFIPP Evaluation will supply information to improve the value of the program. In 

addition to this survey, the evaluation also includes focus groups with firefighters. These 

focus groups are organized separately from this survey and will involve individual 

firefighters from across the country. 

Your fire department has been selected as one of approximately 3,000 fire 

departments from across the country to take part in the survey. The Fire Department 

Survey should be answered by either the fire chief, the chief safety officer and/or a 

training officer for your fire department. Questions in the survey ask about department 

policies and procedures that may potentially have an impact on firefighter safety. The 

survey should take about 25 minutes to finish. After completing the survey, please send 

it back to us in the enclosed envelope. There is no cost to your fire department for the 

postage. 

RTI International, a non-profit research organization, is conducting the FFFIPP 

Evaluation for NIOSH. The answers we get from your fire department will be used to 

further develop and improve the Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention 

Program. Being a part of this study is voluntary, but your answers are important to us. 

Please be assured that the answers you provide will be kept private. The results from this 

survey will be reported in aggregate form so that specific answers cannot be connected to 

you or your fire department. 

If you have any questions about this survey or about the FFFIPP Evaluation in 

general, please feel free to call me toll-free at 1-800-334-8571, x7722. If you have a 

question about your rights as a study participant, you can call RTI’s Office of Research 

Protection toll-free at 1-866-214-2043. 

Thank you very much for helping with this important study. 

Sincerely, 

Kristina Peterson, Ph.D. 

Project Director, FFFIPP Evaluation 
Instructions 

y

y

y

y

y

y

y

 Use a No. 2 pencil or black pen only 

 Make heavy dark marks inside the boxes 

 Erase cleanly any answer you wish to change 

 If asked to “specify” or “explain” on the survey, please 

write your response in the space provided. 

 If asked to “MARK ALL THAT APPLY,” please mark 

all of the appropriate answers to these questions 

 If any question does not apply to you or you are not sure 

what it means, just leave it blank 

 Make no other marks or comments on the survey pages, 

since they interfere with the automatic reading 

This kind of mark will work: 

(Correct Mark) 

⌧ 

These kinds of marks will NOT work: 

(Incorrect Marks) 

  ;  

SECTION 1. TRAINING AND SAFETY 

The following questions ask about your department's policies and procedures for training and safety. It 

is important to get accurate data on what fire departments are currently doing so that NIOSH can 

improve the FFFIPP program. Please answer the survey questions as honestly and to the best of your 

ability as possible. Your answers will be kept private, and will in no way be connected to you or your 

fire department. 

1. Does your department have a Safety Officer? 

No [ → SKIP TO QUESTION 2 ] 

Yes 

1a. What kind of a position does your Safety Officer have within your department? 

Full-time paid position 

Part-time paid position 

Volunteer position 

Other (Please specify:______________________________________) 

1b. Has your Safety Officer been certified by the Fire Department Safety Officers 

Association (FDSOA) or some other organization? 

No, not certified 

Yes, certified by FDSOA 

Yes, certified by some other organization (Please specify: _________) 

2. Does your department have a Training Officer? 

No 

Yes 
3. Some fire departments use Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) or Standard Operating

 Guidelines (SOG) to describe how certain situations should be approached. For which of the

 following does your department have SOPs/SOGs in place? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Incident Command Systems 

Maintenance of SCBAs 

Motor vehicle safety 

Participation in a personal physical fitness program 

Participation in regular health screenings for cardiovascular disease (CVD) 

Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs), also known as Rapid Intervention Crews 

(RICs) or Firefighter Assistance and Search Teams (FAST) 

Use of Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) devices 

Use of personal protective equipment and protective clothing 

Use of radio communications 

Other (Please specify:____________________________________________) 

Does not apply. Our fire department does not use SOPs/SOGs. 

4. Do your firefighters receive training on any of the topics listed below? If so, is training

 optional or required? Please place an "X" in the appropriate box for each topic below. 

a. Fighting structure fires 

No 

Training 

Optional 

Training Required

 Training 

b. Driving safety 

c. Incident Command systems 

d. Maintenance of Self-Contained 

Breathing Apparatuses (SCBAs) 

e. Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) 

f. Use of personal protective equipment

 and /or protective clothing 

g. Use of radio communication devices 

5.	 Who provides training to your firefighters? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Our department's Training Officer 

Other officers within our department 

State fire training agency 

United States Fire Administration's (USFA) National Fire Academy in 

Emmitsburg, MD 

Conferences or regional meetings 

Other (Please specify:____________________________________________) 
6. What other trainings have your firefighters attended in the last 12 months? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Roadside incidents/Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVA) 

Scuba diving 

Swift water rescue 

Wildland fire fighting 

HAZMAT 

Other (Please specify:____________________________________________) 

SECTION 2. HEALTH AND SAFETY INFORMATION 

The following questions ask about your department's policies and procedures for obtaining 

health and safety information. 

7.	 There are many sources of health and safety information used by fire departments. Please

 indicate which of the following organizations your department has used to gain health and 

safety information. Please mark "X" in the box to indicate which mode (e.g., email, magazine,

 training, etc.) your department has used to get information from each organization. 

Websites/

 email

 messages 

Magazines/ 

newsletters 

Conferences/

 meetings 

Training/

 courses

 Not 

Applicable, 

I do not use 

information

 from this 

organization 

National Institute for 

Occupational Safety 

and Health (NIOSH) 

Occupational Safety & 

Health Administration 

(OSHA) 

Federal Emergency 

Management Agency

 (FEMA) 

United States Fire 

Administration (USFA) 

International 

Association of Fire

 Chiefs (IAFC) 

International 

Association of 

Firefighters (IAFF) 

National Volunteer Fire 

Council (NVFC)

National Fire Protection 

Association (NFPA) 

Fire Department Safety 

Officers Association 

(FDSOA) 

Other (Please specify: 

__________________ 

__________________) 
8.	 How familiar are you with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)? 

Not at all familiar
 

Not very familiar
 

Somewhat familiar
 

Very familiar
 

9. How familiar are you with NIOSH's Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention

 Program (FFFIPP)? 

Not at all familiar 

Not very familiar 

Somewhat familiar
 

Very familiar
 

10.	 How does your department receive information about NIOSH's firefighter safety and

 health recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

NIOSH mailings 

National conference presentations 

State-level conference presentations 

Other firefighters or departments 

At seminars or other training opportunities (not conferences) 

Trade publications (such as Firehouse and Fire Engineering) 

NIOSH website 

Links from other websites (such as NFPA and Firehouse) 

Media reports - newspaper, television, radio 

Other (Please specify:____________________________________________) 

Does not apply. We have not received information about NIOSH 

recommendations. [→ SKIP TO QUESTION 12] 

11. In what ways has your department used NIOSH recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Made changes to training program
 

Developed new SOPs/SOGs
 

Made changes to SOPs/SOGs
 

Justified current budget/staffing
 

Made new budget/staffing requests
 

Justified grant applications
 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations.
 

[→ SKIP TO QUESTION 12] 
11a. Please describe the changes you made: 

11b. Can you identify topics of NIOSH recommendations that you have used for training

 purposes? If so, MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Traffic hazards 

Personal protective equipment and clothing 

SCBA 

PASS systems 

Incident Command systems 

Radio communications 

Physical fitness and cardiovascular disease (CVD) 

Building code compliance (e.g., warning against the use of wooden trusses) 

Other (Please specify:____________________________________________) 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations for training 

purposes. [→ SKIP TO QUESTION 12] 

SECTION 3. FITNESS AND WELL-BEING 

The following questions ask about your department's policies and procedures for encouraging 

firefighter fitness and general well-being. 

12. Does your department have a fitness training that involves physical exercise and/or

 other health promotion activities (for example a cardiovascular fitness program, physical

 training program, wellness program, or other fitness program)? 

No 

Yes, it's required 

Yes, it's optional (Please explain:____________________________) 

13. How often do your firefighters receive screenings for cardiovascular disease (CVD) 

and its risk factors? 

One time, when they first join the department
 

Less frequently than once a year
 

One time a year
 

More than one time a year
 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive CVD screenings 
SECTION 4. DRIVING SAFETY 

The following questions ask about your department's policies and procedures for encouraging 

firefighter fitness and general well-being. 

14. Do all drivers of vehicles responding to emergency calls receive driver training 

before being allowed to operate the vehicles? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

No
 

Yes, they receive training required by the department
 

Yes, they receive training required by the state
 

Yes, they receive optional training
 

15. How often do drivers of your fire department vehicles receive "refresher" driver 

training to continue being allowed to drive the vehicles? 

Two or more times a year 

Once every year 

Less frequently than once a year 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive continuing 

driver training. 

16. Does your fire department have a requirement regarding seat belt use in emergency vehicles? 

No
 

Yes
 

17. To what extent do you agree or disagree that your firefighters are able to fit 

comfortably in their seatbelts while wearing turnout gear in your emergency vehicles? 

Strongly disagree
 

Disagree
 

Neither agree nor disagree
 

Agree
 

Strongly agree
 

18. About how often do you think your firefighters use their seatbelts when riding in the 

emergency vehicles? 

Never 

Some of the time 

About half the time 

Most of the time
 

Always
 
SECTION 5. STRUCTURE FIRES 

The following questions ask about your department's experience with as well as policies 

and procedures for dealing with structure fires. 

19. Approximately how many emergency calls did your department respond to in the past 

12 months?
 

Total number of emergency calls
 

20. Of the emergency calls your department responded to in the past 12 months, about 

how many of these were structure fires? 

Total number of structure fires 

21. How often is Incident Command established when responding to structure fires? 

Never
 

Rarely
 

About half the time
 

Most of the time
 

Always [→ SKIP TO QUESTION 23]
 

22. What are the reasons why Incident Command is not always established by your 

fire department? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not usually big enough to require an Incident Commander 

Not enough firefighters available at the scene of the fire 

Other (Please specify:____________________________________________)
 

Does not apply. My department always assigns an Incident Commander for structure fires.
 

23. When Incident Command is established for a structure fire, what are the Incident 

Commander's responsibilities? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Conduct an initial assessment before the other firefighters begin entering the building 

Develop and coordinate the fire attack strategy 

Develop and initiate a risk management plan 

Document all assessments, plans and events related to the fire 

Ensure that at least four (4) firefighters are on the scene before entering the building 

Establish a collapse zone around the building 

Establish Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) or Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC) 

Identify and implement a communication strategy 

Monitor location of all firefighters at the scene 

Other (Please specify:____________________________________________) 
24. About how often does an Incident Commander assign an Incident Safety Officer 

when responding to structure fires? 

Never
 

Some of the time
 

About half the time
 

Most of the time
 

Always [→ SKIP TO QUESTION 26] 
 

25. What are the reasons why an Incident Commander does not always assign an 

Incident Safety Officer? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not big enough to require an Incident Commander 

Not enough firefighters are available at the scene of the fire 

Other (Please specify:____________________________________________) 

Does not apply. Our Incident Commanders always assign an Incident Safety 

Officer for structure fires. 

26. How often are Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) or Rapid Intervention Crews (RICs)

 available at structure fires? 

Never [→ SKIP TO QUESTION 28]
 

Some of the time
 

About half the time
 

Most of the time
 

Always [→ SKIP TO QUESTION 29] 
 

27. In what situations are RITs/RICs established? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

When the building has more than one story/floor 

When there are enough firefighters on hand at the scene of the fire 

Whenever firefighters enter a burning building 

Other (Please specify:____________________________________________) 

28. What are the reasons why your fire department does not use RITs/RICs in every 

structure fire? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

The structure fire may not be large enough to need an RIT/RIC 

We don't have enough equipment, SCBAs, or turnout gear to establish an RIT/RIC 

We don't have enough firefighters available at the scene of the fire 

We don't have enough training or trained personnel at the scene to establish an RIT/RIC 

We have never established an RIT/RIC 

We use other fire departments in the area for RITs/RICs 

We use other safety practices and so we don't need them 

Other (Please specify:____________________________________________) 
29. Does your fire department have enough Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) devices for 

all firefighters for use when fighting structure fires? 

No
 

Yes
 

30. About how often do you think your firefighters wear their PASS devices when fighting 

structure fires? 

Never
 

Some of the time
 

About half the time
 

Most of the time
 

Always [→ SKIP TO QUESTION 32] 
 

31. Why do you think your firefighters do not use their PASS devices more often? 

MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

They don't have a PASS device to use
 

Situation doesn't require them
 

Firefighters think the devices do not always work reliably
 

Firefighters don't think they need them
 

Devices go off while firefighters are resting
 

32. Does your department have Self Contained Breathing Apparatuses (SCBA) for your 

firefighters to use when combating structure fires? 

No [→ SKIP TO QUESTION 37]
 

Yes
 

33. Do your firefighters ever have to share facepieces for SCBAs? 

No [→ SKIP TO QUESTION 34] 

Yes 

33a. What are the reasons why your fire department does not have personallyfitted SCBA facepieces for all of your firefighters? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Didn't know it was recommended 

Firefighters don't like using the equipment 

Have never needed them (e.g., we don't do interior attacks) 

They cost too much, there is not enough money in the budget 

We don't have enough equipment for all of our firefighters 

Shared systems work fine for our needs 

Other (Please specify:______________________________________) 
34. About how often do you think your firefighters use SCBAs while fighting structure fires? 

Never
 

Some of the time
 

About half the time
 

Most of the time
 

Always [→ SKIP TO QUESTION 36] 
 

35. Why do you think your firefighters do not use SCBAs more often when fighting 

structure fires? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Situation doesn't require them 

Firefighters do not trust that the SCBAs will work reliably 

Firefighters don't think they need them 

Firefighters don't like sharing facepieces with others 

Firefighters are concerned that the SCBA may be or become contaminated 

Wearing SCBAs makes it more difficult to work 

Firefighters don't have SCBAs to use 

36. How often is routine maintenance performed on your SCBAs? 

After every time they are used 

Once a month or more 

Several times a year 

Once a year 

Less than once a year 

Never. Maintenance has not been done on our SCBAs. 

Does not apply. My department does not have SCBAs. 

37. How many Chemical/Biological/Radiological/Nuclear (CBRN) SCBAs--with the 

label shown below--are available (or on order) for use by firefighters within your 

department at this time? 

Number available now: [→ SKIP TO QUESTION 38] 

Number on order: [→ SKIP TO QUESTION 38] 

Does not apply. My department does not have CBRN SCBAs. 
37a. What are the reasons why your fire department does not have CBRN SCBAs?

 MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

CBRN SCBA devices are not needed in our department 

We didn't know they were available 

We don't have adequate technical information to purchase them 

We don't have adequate funding to purchase them 

Other (Please specify:_________________________________________) 

38. Does your fire department have Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs)? 

No [→ SKIP TO QUESTION 39]
 

Yes
 

38a. At your fire department, where do you have AEDs? 

At the fire station(s)
 

On the emergency vehicles (or apparatus)
 

Both at the fire station(s) and on the vehicles (or apparatus)
 

39. How often has routine maintenance, including replacement of battery packs, been performed 

on your AEDs? 

After every time they are used
 

Once a month or more
 

Several times a year
 

Once a year
 

Less frequently than once a year
 

Never. Maintenance on our AEDs has not been done.
 

40. About how often do your firefighters carry radios or other two-way communication 

devices while responding to structure fires? 

Never 

Some of the time 

About half the time 

Most of the time
 

Always
 

41. Some radios and other two-way communication devices can have problems under 

field conditions, such as bleed-over, interference, or loss of communication. About how 

often do your communication devices have these or other problems? 

Never
 

Some of the time
 

About half the time
 

Most of the time
 

Always
 
42. How would you rate your department's budget in the following areas? 

Not 

adequate Adequate 

More than 

adequate 

a. Equipment 

b. Training 

c. Personnel 

SECTION 6. EDUCATIONAL MATERIAL 

The following questions ask about your policies and procedures for providing educational 

material to firefighters and others within your department. In addition, there are a number of 

questions asking about familiarity and satisfaction with the educational materials provided 

by NIOSH and the FFFIPP. 

43. How often have you seen NIOSH reports that describe recent firefighter fatalities and 

make recommendations for avoiding similar incidents? Please refer to the insert sheet 

included with this survey for examples of NIOSH firefighter safety reports. 

Never [→ SKIP TO QUESTION 53]
 

One or two times per year
 

Several times per year
 

Once a month or more
 

44. How does your department receive the NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation 

reports? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

By mail
 

On the Internet
 

From colleagues in other departments
 

At conferences or other meetings
 

45. Have you read part or all of a NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation report in the 

last 12 months? 

No
 

Yes
 
46. Which parts of the NIOSH reports do you usually read? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Summary
 

Investigation Results
 

Discussion
 

Recommendation
 

47. Overall, how would you rate the amount of detail in the NIOSH reports? 

Too little detail
 

About the right amount of detail
 

Too much detail
 

48. Which parts of the NIOSH reports do you think should be changed in length? 

Eliminate 

entirely 

Make 

shorter

 Don't 

change the

 length

 Make 

longer 

a. Summary 

b. Investigation results 

c. Discussion 

d. Recommendation 

49. Do you have any other suggestions for how the NIOSH reports could be improved? 

50. Does the fire department disseminate the information it receives from NIOSH to the

 firefighters? 

No [→ SKIP TO QUESTION 51]
 

Yes
 
50a. How is this information disseminated to firefighters? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Regular staff meetings 

Training sessions 

Provide copies of NIOSH reports to firefighters 

Provide copies of NIOSH report summaries to firefighters 

Provide summaries prepared by department to firefighters 

Postings on bulletin boards 

Post report on the department website 

Send message to firefighters by email 

Other (Please specify:_________________________________________) 

51. The NIOSH reports sometimes reference other documents, such as guidelines or more

 detailed technical reports. Does your fire department usually have access to documents

 that are referenced in NIOSH reports? 

No
 

Yes
 

52. NIOSH reports always include recommendations that are designed to help improve the health

 and safety of firefighters. How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements

 about the NIOSH recommendations: 

Strongly 

Disagree Disagree 

Neither 

Agree

 nor 

Disagree Agree 

Strongly

 Agree 

a. Recommendations are 

practical 

b. Recommendations are easy 

to understand 

c. Recommendations are 

specific and concrete 

53. What other NIOSH materials have you seen? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Pocket guide to chemical hazards 

Respirator maintenance program guide 

CDs of firefighter program materials 

Alerts 

Hazard IDs 

Workplace Solutions 

Other (Please specify:______________________________________) 

None. I have not seen any NIOSH materials. [→ SKIP TO QUESTION 54] 
53a. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with these NIOSH materials? 

Very dissatisfied 

Dissatisfied 

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied 

Satisfied 

Very satisfied 

54. Have you ever visited the NIOSH website at www.cdc.gov/niosh/firehome.html? 

No 

Yes, in the last year 

Yes, longer than one year ago 

55. In which of these ways would you most prefer to receive information about NIOSH 

recommendations? MARK YOUR THREE (3) FAVORITES. 

Cable television programming 

CD/DVD 

Conference presentations or meetings 

Email 

Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation Reports 

NIOSH Website 

One-page Fact Sheets 

Pocket Guides 

Posters 

Summary Reports 

Training session/class 

Other (Please specify:____________________________________________) 

56. What could NIOSH do to improve the way the recommendations are communicated

 to fire departments? 
SECTION 7. YOUR DEPARTMENT INFORMATION 

The following questions ask about your department. These questions will help us understand your survey 

responses as they relate to the size of your department. 

57. How many career and volunteer firefighters currently work at your fire department? 

(Please count only those who are involved in fire suppression) 

Full-time (career) uniformed firefighters 

Part-time (career) uniformed firefighters 

Part-time (on-call or volunteer) firefighters 

58. How many fire stations do you currently have in your fire department? 

Number of fire stations: 

59. What type of jurisdiction does your fire department serve? 

Rural (population density is less than 825 persons per square mile) 

Urban (population density is more than 825 persons per square mile) 

60. What is the size of the population your fire department serves? 

Small (protecting a population of less than 5,000) 

Medium (protecting a population of 5,000 to 49,999)
 

Large (protecting a population of 50,000 or more)
 

61. During the past 5 years, has your department experienced a firefighter fatality? 

No 

Yes, due to a cardiovascular event (e.g., heart attack, heart disease, stroke, etc.) 

Yes, due to a vehicle accident while responding to or returning from a call 

Yes, due to a traumatic injury or accident on the fire ground 

Yes, due to some other reason (please specify: ______________________) 

62. Who completed this survey? 

Fire Chief 

Safety officer 

Training officer
 

Other (Please specify:____________________________________________)
 

Thank you for taking the time to answer this survey. 

Please return this survey to RTI in the provided envelope. 
Exhibit A-2. Lead Letter 

Supported by: 

International Association of 

Fire Chiefs (IAFC) 

Fire Department Safety
 

Officers Association 

(FDSOA) 

National Volunteer Fire 

Council (NVFC) 

Fire Chief 

[NAME OF FIRE DEPARTMENT]
 

[MAILING STREET ADDRESS]
 

[CITY], [STATE] [ZIP] 

February 2006 

Dear Fire Chief: 

In 1998, the U.S. Congress directed the National Institute for Occupational 

Safety and Health (NIOSH) to investigate firefighter deaths and serious injuries. In 

response, NIOSH started the Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program 

(FFFIPP). NIOSH uses the FFFIPP to study the events that lead to firefighter deaths. 

NIOSH then issues recommendations to help reduce firefighter deaths and serious 

injuries. 

NIOSH is asking for your help to evaluate this program. Your fire department 

was chosen at random as one of about 3,000 fire departments from across the country to 

take part in the study. Some departments have also been chosen deliberately. These 

departments have been selected based on their size and whether they have had a FFFIPP 

investigation. 

NIOSH and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have asked 

RTI International to conduct this important research. RTI is a non-profit research 

organization based in North Carolina. 

In a few days, you will receive the Fire Department Survey by mail. It should 

take about 25 minutes to finish the survey. Please send your completed survey back to 

RTI in the return envelope provided with the survey. 

The answers we get from you will be used to improve the Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation and Prevention Program. Your response is voluntary, but your answers are 

important to us. Your answers will be kept private and will not be connected to you or 

your fire department in our reports. 

As a token of our thanks for taking part in the Fire Department Survey, we will 

send you the FFFIPP CD-ROM. The CD contains all FFFIPP reports to date and the 

NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. 

We are enclosing a brochure to give you more information about this important 

research. If you have any more questions about the FFFIPP Evaluation you can call 

Kristina Peterson, RTI Project Director. Her toll-free number is 1-800-334-8571, x7722. 

If you have a question about your rights as a study participant, you can call RTI’s Office 

of Research Protection toll -free at 1-866-214-2043. You can also call Dr. Michael J. 

Colligan with the NIOSH Human Subjects Review Board (HSRB) at (513) 533-8222. 

If you need help as a result of thinking about these issues, you may contact the 

National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-TALK (8255). 
NIOSH has more information about the Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention 

Program on the Internet. You can visit http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firehome.html. 

We are dedicated to helping reduce firefighter deaths and serious injuries. Thank you very much 

for your help. 

Sincerely, 

John Howard, M.D. 

Director 

National Institute for Occupational 

 Safety and Health 

Centers for Disease Control and 

Prevention 

Enclosure: FFFIPP Evaluation Brochure 
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THE FFFIPP EVALUATION 

Your fire department has been chosen to take part in the Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation. In this brochure, we answer many of the questions you may have about the evaluation. 

What is the FFFIPP? 

The Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) is conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). This program examines fire fighter deaths and serious injuries. NIOSH then provides recommendations that may prevent similar deaths and injuries from happening again. The goals of the program are to: 1. Learn about the events that lead to fire fighter deaths; 2. Think of ideas to keep deaths and injuries from occurring again, and 3. Share these strategies with the fire service. 

What Is the FFFIPP Evaluation? 

The FFFIPP Evaluation will supply information to improve the value of the program. The information will come from this survey and from focus groups of active firefighters. The Fire Department Survey will be sent to fire department chiefs. It will ask about the training and safety procedures at the fire department. It will also ask how the FFFIPP reports are used by the department. 

How Will This Evaluation Help My 

Department? 

Taking part in this study gives NIOSH the chance to learn what information is useful to your fire department. NIOSH will use that knowledge in the Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation and Prevention Program to better meet your needs. 

Who is Doing this Evaluation? 

This study is being done by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NIOSH is part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIOSH provides research, products and services to prevent work-related illness, injuries, and death. NIOSH and CDC have asked RTI International (RTI) to conduct the study. 

What Is RTI? 

RTI is a non-profit research organization located in Research Triangle Park, NC. RTI is committed to improving the human condition through research. RTI is closely associated with Duke University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University. RTI does research for government and industrial clients. 

How Did You Select My Fire Department? 

Most fire departments were selected from a list of all fire departments in the country. Some departments were chosen at random. Other fire departments were chosen on purpose based on their size and whether they have had a FFFIPP investigation. About 3,000 fire departments will be asked to answer the Fire Department Survey. 

What Does the Evaluation Involve? 

The Fire Department Survey will be sent by mail to the fire chief of the department. The fire chief or another informed person will answer this survey. The finished survey will be mailed back to RTI in an envelope that will be included with the survey. 

Are T

There are no risks 

What Will M

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from other fire departments. 

Where Do I Get More Information? 

Information about FFFIPP is available online at: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firehome.html. If you have other questions about this evaluation, you can call Dr. Kristina Peterson at RTI. Her toll-free number is 1-800-334-8571, x7722. For questions about how to send back your surveys, you can call Giselle Santiago, also at RTI. Her toll-free number is 1-800-334-8571, x7702. If you have a question about your rights as a study participant, you can also call RTI’s Office of Research Protection toll-free at 1-866-214-2043. You may also contact Dr. Michael J. Colligan with the NIOSH Human Subjects Review Board (HSRB) at (513) 533-8222. If you need help as a result of thinking about these issues, you may contact the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-TALK (8255). 

QUESTIONS AABOUT THE 

Fire F

Investigati

Program (F

C

R

S

National Institute 

Health (NIOSH) a

and P
Exhibit A-4. Announcement 

ANNOUNCEMENT: Fire Department Survey 

NIOSH Launches National Survey of U.S. Fire Departments 

This Spring, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is conducting a survey to 

help evaluate its Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP). The purpose of the 

evaluation is to understand how effective the program has been and what can be improved to meet the 

needs of the fire service. 

FFFIPP is an important firefighter safety program conducted by NIOSH. In 1998, Congress funded 

NIOSH to create FFFIPP to study the events that lead to firefighter deaths and make recommendations to 

help prevent death or serious injury. The evaluation will focus on the effects of the safety 

recommendations and information products which are periodically distributed by NIOSH to the nation’s 

30,000 fire departments. 

The information for this evaluation will come from a survey of fire department officers (the Fire 

Department Survey). In addition to this survey, the evaluation also includes focus groups with fire fighters; 

these focus groups are organized separately from the survey and will involve individual fire fighters from 

across the country. NIOSH has contracted with RTI International (a non-profit research organization) to 

conduct the evaluation of the FFFIPP. 

Fire Department Survey 

The Fire Department Survey is being mailed this Spring to 3,000 fire department chiefs across the 

country. Included among these fire departments will be the 215 fire departments that have had a previous 

firefighter fatality investigation (as of December 31, 2003) and the nation’s 10 largest fire departments. 

Additional fire departments will be randomly selected to be representative the fire service nationally. 

The chiefs of the fire departments selected to participate in the survey will first receive a letter from 

NIOSH that explains the purpose of the survey and requests their cooperation. About a week later, the 

chiefs will receive a copy of the questionnaire in the mail along with a cover letter from NIOSH and a 

postage-paid return envelope for returning the completed questionnaire. As a token of appreciation for 

participating in the survey, the selected fire departments are also receiving a CD-ROM that contains all 

FFFIPP Reports and the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. 

Being a part of this study is voluntary, but all answers are important to ensure the accuracy of the 

evaluation. All responses to the Fire Department Survey will be kept confidential and will only be reported 

in aggregate form so that specific answers can not be connected to any particular fire department. The 

survey is estimated to take approximately 25 minutes to finish. 

How can I help? 

If your department is selected for the Fire Department Survey, the FDSOA strongly encourages your 

participation in this study. This information collected will be valuable in helping to improve the impact of 

the FFFIPP and the information products that they produce. Ultimately this information may help to save 

the lives of your fellow firefighters. 
Exhibit A-5. Cover Letter 

Supported by:
 

International 

Association of 

Fire Chiefs 

(IAFC) 

Fire Department 

Safety Officers
 

Association 

(FDSOA)
 

National 

Volunteer Fire
 

Council (NVFC) 

February 2006 

Dear Fire Chief: 

A few days ago, you received a letter about the Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention 

Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation. As the letter explained, your fire department was one of 3,000 fire departments 

across the country chosen to take part in this study. The FFFIPP Evaluation is sponsored by the National 

Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 

(CDC). NIOSH and CDC have asked RTI International to conduct this research. RTI is a non-profit 

organization based in North Carolina. 

This survey will provide information to help develop and improve the Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation and Prevention Program. The purpose is to help NIOSH better meet your needs. 

Enclosed with this letter is the Fire Department Survey. The survey will take about 25 minutes of your 

time. You may need to consult with other firefighters in your department to complete the survey. Your 

response is voluntary, but your answers are important in helping us to improve the FFFIPP program. Your 

answers will be kept private and will not be connected to you or your fire department in our reports. 

After you have finished your survey, please mail it back to RTI in the enclosed envelope. You can 

drop this envelope into any U.S. post office box or office. There is no charge to you to mail back the survey. 

We are sending you the FFFIPP CD-ROM as a way of saying thanks for your help. 

If you have any questions about the FFFIPP Evaluation, you can call Dr. Kristina Peterson, RTI 

Project Director. Her toll-free number is 1-800-334-8571, x7722. If you have a question about your rights as a 

study participant, you can call RTI’s Office of Research Protection toll-free at 1-866-214-2043. You may also 

call Dr. Michael J. Colligan with the NIOSH Human Subjects Review Board (HSRB) at (513) 533-8222. If you 

need help as a result of thinking about these issues, you may contact the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 

1-800-273-TALK (8255). NIOSH has more information about the Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and 

Prevention Program on the Internet. You can visit http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firehome.html. 

We are dedicated to helping reduce firefighter deaths and serious injuries. Thank you very much for 

your help. 

Sincerely, 

John Howard, M.D. 

Director 

National Institute for Occupational 

 Safety and Health 

Centers for Disease Control and 

 Prevention 

Enclosures: Fire Department Survey

 Business reply envelope, addressed to RTI International

 FFFIPP CD-ROM 
Exhibit A-6. Showcard 

IMPORTANT: Do not discard this sheet. 

Please refer to this sheet when answering questions 43-56 of the survey. 

Below are a few examples of NIOSH reports on firefighter safety issues. 
Exhibit A-7. First Reminder Letter 

Supported by: 

International 

Association of 

Fire Chiefs 

(IAFC) 

Fire Department 

Safety Officers 

Association 

(FDSOA) 

National 

Volunteer Fire 

Council 

(NVFC) 

Fire Chief 

[NAME OF FIRE DEPARTMENT]
 

[MAILING STREET ADDRESS] 

[CITY], [STATE] [ZIP]
 

March 2006 

Dear Fire Chief: 

A couple of weeks ago, your fire department received the Fire Department Survey in the mail. The 

survey asks you for information to help us evaluate the Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention 

Program (FFFIPP). The FFFIPP program was started by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and 

Health (NIOSH) to help prevent firefighter deaths and severe injuries. The FFFIPP Evaluation will help 

NIOSH assess the impact of the FFFIPP. It will also help NIOSH improve the program to better meet your 

needs. 

If your survey has been completed and sent back to RTI, please accept my sincere thanks. As one 

of the 3,000 fire departments chosen to answer the Fire Department Survey, your response is very important. 

If your survey has not been completed and returned, please do so as soon as possible. Your answers 

are very important to NIOSH and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Please mail your 

completed survey back to RTI in the envelope provided with the survey. NIOSH and CDC have asked RTI 

International to conduct this research. RTI is a non-profit organization based in North Carolina. There is no 

charge to your fire department to mail back the survey. 

If you did not receive your survey, or if it was misplaced, please call Giselle Santiago toll-free at 1-

800-334-8571, x7702. We will get another one in the mail to you today. If you have any other questions 

about the FFFIPP Evaluation, you can call Dr. Kristina Peterson, RTI Project Director. Her toll-free number 

is 1-800-334-8571, x7722. If you have a question about your rights as a study participant, you can call RTI’s 

Office of Research Protection toll-free at 1-866-214-2043. You may also call Dr. Michael J. Colligan with 

the NIOSH Human Subjects Review Board (HSRB) at (513) 533 – 8222. 

NIOSH has more information about the Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention 

Program on the Internet. You can visit http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firehome.html. We are dedicated 

to helping reduce firefighter deaths and serious injuries. Thank you very much for your help. 

Sincerely, 

 John Howard, M.D. 

 Director 

 National Institute for Occupational 

Safety and Health 

 Centers for Disease Control and 

Prevention 
Exhibit A-8. Second Reminder Letter 

March 2006 

Supported by:
 

International 

Association of Fire 

Chiefs (IAFC)
 

Fire Department 

Safety Officers
 

Association 

(FDSOA)
 

National Volunteer 

Fire Council 

(NVFC) 

Dear Fire Chief: 

A few weeks ago, we sent you the Fire Department Survey. This questionnaire can be answered by 

you or someone knowledgeable about training and safety practices in your fire department. The survey is 

part of the national evaluation of the Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP). 

FFFIPP is operated by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to help prevent 

firefighter deaths and severe injuries. 

To the best of our knowledge, the survey has not yet been returned. Enclosed, you will find a new 

copy of the Fire Department Survey. If you have not done so already, please complete the survey and send it 

back to RTI in the enclosed envelope. 

The responses of other fire departments who have already responded to this study have 

been very helpful. The results of this research are intended to help NIOSH and the Centers for 

Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) monitor and improve the Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation 

and Prevention Program. 

Your fire department’s participation is very important. Taking part in this study gives NIOSH the 

chance to learn what information is useful to your fire department. It will tell NIOSH what can be done to 

make the FFFIPP program more useful to your department. NIOSH would like to meet your needs in the 

best way possible. 

If you have any questions about what you need to do to complete the survey, please call Giselle 

Santiago toll-free at 1-800-334-8571, x7702. If you have any other questions about the FFFIPP Evaluation, 

you can call Dr. Kristina Peterson, RTI Project Director. Her toll-free number is 1-800-334-8571, x7722. If 

you have a question about your rights as a study participant, you can call RTI’s Office of Research Protection 

toll-free at 1-866-214-2043. You may also call Dr. Michael J. Colligan with the NIOSH Human Subjects 

Review Board (HSRB) at (513) 533-8222. 

NIOSH has more information about the Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program 

on the Internet. You can visit http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firehome.html. 

We are dedicated to helping reduce firefighter death and serious injuries. Thank you very much for 

your help. 

Sincerely, 

John Howard, M.D. 

Director 

National Institute for Occupational

 Safety and Health 

Centers for Disease Control and 

 Prevention 

Enclosures: Fire Department Survey 

Business reply envelope, addressed to RTI International 
B

Post-Data Collection 

Methodology and 

 Analysis Tables 
B.1 POST-DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY 

B.1.1 Building the Analysis File 

All questionnaire data from responding fire departments were 

pooled into one analysis file. This file included the sample 

weights, sample design information, and any variables needed 

for proper estimation of variance. A codebook of this analysis 

file was created that displayed weighted and unweighted 

frequencies and percentages for all variables. The codebook 

provides information on item nonresponse and sample sizes. 

B.1.2 Methodology Used to Create the Sample Weights and 

Estimates 

One final, nonresponse-adjusted sample weight was created for 

each responding fire department. This weight consists of a 

product of two factors: the base weight and the nonresponse 

adjustment. These are defined as follows: 

1. The base weight is the inverse, unconditional 

probability of selecting the fire department into the 

sample. This weight accounts for the clustering and 

stratification used in the sample design. Note that if all 

selected fire departments respond to the survey, then 

the sum of the base weight will equal the total number 

of fire departments on the sample frame, and no 

nonresponse adjustment would be necessary. 

2. The nonresponse adjustment is an adjustment 

imposed on the sampling weight of fire department 

respondents to account for those departments that did 

not respond to the survey. In general, this adjustment 

was greater than “1” so that each respondent fire 

department will account for itself as well as some 

portion of the nonrespondents in the final estimate. 

There are numerous ways of constructing a nonresponse 

adjustment. We used a response propensity model-based 

approach described recently in Folsom and Singh (2000). The 

Folsom and Singh modeling approach is based on a simple 

generalization of constrained models first suggested by Deville 

and Sarndal (1992). These models allow the user to impose 

predetermined constraints on the resulting model-based 

nonresponse adjustment to minimize the effect that the weight 

adjustment has on variance. The variance reduction property of 

the adjustments is another distinct advantage of this approach. 

B-1 
Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation 

The modeling approach has been used in recent years to 

generate nonresponse adjustments because (1) it has been 

proven to be a cost-efficient approach for creating nonresponse 

adjustments and (2) potential bias reduction can be achieved 

over the commonly used weighting class approach. This 

increases bias reduction because the adjustment uses more 

statistically significant main effects and lower-order interactions 

than a weighting class approach. Also, if the resulting response 

propensity model contains all main effect and interaction terms 

for a set of categorical variables, the modeling approach to 

deriving the weighting adjustments is numerically equivalent to 

the weighting class approach. Consequently, the modeling 

approach is a generalization of the weighting class approach. 

For the FFFIPP survey response propensity model, we 

considered those variables that we suspect will be significant 

predicators of response propensity. The statistical significance 

of these variables was tested during the model-building 

process. The statistical significance of lower-order interactions 

of these variables was also considered. 

To illustrate, we will let: 

i = indice for fire department 

ρ = unconditional probability of selecting the fire i

department into the Fire Department sample 

α = nonresponse adjustment i

−1 The base weight for fire department i will equal ρ and the i

final weight will equal: 

−1

wi = ρ ⋅α . i i

The survey weights for the Fire Department Survey are 

summarized in Exhibit B-1. 

After the data were collected, we produced estimates of 

population percentages. In summary, these were computed as 

follows. We will let: 

δ = a 0/1 indicator identifying those fire departments i

that belong to some subgroup of interest. 

xi = response to a particular questionnaire item. Because 

most of the items on the Fire Department Survey are 

categorical, this will equal “1” if fire department i 

gives a particular response on a question and “0” 

otherwise. 

B-2 
Appendix B — Post-Data Collection Methodology and Analysis Tables 

Exhibit B-1. Fire Department Survey: Summary of Sample Weights 

Unequal 

Respondent Minimum Maximum Weighting 

Characteristic Sample Weight Weight Effect 

Total 1,622 1 61 1.458 

High-priority strata 

Total 262 1 6 1.255 

Strata 

Previous FFFIPP investigation involving 

a traumatic injury fatality 83 1 2 1.057 

Previous FFFIPP investigation involving 

a cardiovascular infarction fatality 58 1 2 1.023 

Traumatic injury fire fighter fatality 

without investigation 64 1 4 1.152 

Cardiovascular disease fire fighter 

fatality without investigation 57 2 6 1.074 

10 largest fire departmentsa

 0 — — — 

Remainder strata 

Total 1,360 1 61 1.264 

Census region 

Northeast 266 1 61 1.151 

South 433 2 41 1.297 

Midwest 453 1 41 1.203 

West 208 1 55 1.456 

Rural/urban 

Rural 823 1 32 1.072 

Urban 412 1 36 1.648 

Unknown 125 2 61 1.048 

Size (defined by population 

protected) 

Large (at least 50,000 persons) 211 1 9 1.183 

Medium (5,000–49,999 persons) 471 3 61 1.123 

Small (0–4,999 persons) 678 1 55 1.060 

Department type 

All career 271 1 21 1.389 

All volunteer 404 2 61 1.247 

Combination 685 1 39 1.025 

a

Eight of the 10 largest fire departments are counted in the other high priority strata. 

B-3 
Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation 

The estimates of means (e.g., percentages) were computed as: 

B.1.3 

∑ wi

δ i xi

i∈Respondents

∑ wi

δ i

i∈Respondents

Eligibility and Response Rates 

Ineligibility was determined using questions on the survey that 

specifically addressed the eligibility issues. The eligibility rate of 

those cases of unknown eligibility was assumed to be the same 

as those for which the eligibility was known. The cases of 

unknown eligibility were defined as fire departments from which 

we did not receive a response and that we were unable to 

contact to inquire about their eligibility. Known eligibility status 

was defined by the responses that we received from the survey 

and/or the information we received through ad hoc inquiries 

with the fire department about their eligibility. The eligibility 

rates were defined using the following formula: 

KE + e(UK) EligibilityRate = , KE + KI +UK

where 

KE = Known Eligible 

KI = Known Ineligible 

UK = Unknown Eligibility 

KE
 e = 

KE + KI
 

The response rates for the survey were calculated based on the 

recommendations of the American Association for Public 

Opinion Research (AAPOR) published in its Standard 

Definitions: Final Dispositions of Case Codes and Outcome 

Rates for Surveys. As with the eligibility rate, this formula 

assumes that a proportion of the cases with unknown eligibility 

are eligible. The response rate was only calculated for those 

that were deemed either as known eligible or unknown 

eligibility. This being a mail survey, we did not have any 

“noncontacts.” The formula for the response rate was defined 

as follows: 

(I +P) RR4 = , (I +P) + (R + NC + O) + e(UK)

B-4 
Appendix B — Post-Data Collection Methodology and Analysis Tables 

where 

I = Complete Interview 

P = Partial Interview 

R = Refusal 

NC = Noncontact 

O = Other Nonresponse 

UK = Unknown Eligibility 

KE
 e = 

KE + KI
 

B.1.4 Editing of Questionnaire Data 

All of the questionnaire data from responding fire departments 

have been edited to ensure every variable has a value for every 

record on the analysis file. This editing ensures a basic level of 

consistency between responses on each record when 

appropriate—for example, the data were edited to reflect the 

skip patterns present in the questionnaire. Variables resulting 

from questions that were skipped or intentionally missed were 

coded with a negative numeric value indicating the reason for 

item nonresponse. The following special codes were used: 

Code Definition 

–5 Bad Data 

 –6 Multiple Response 

–8 Blank (no answer) 

–9 Legitimate Skip 

B.1.5 Estimation and Variance Estimation 

All estimates produced in the final analysis tables were 

generated with the final, nonresponse-adjusted sample weight. 

Variances were computed using RTI International’s SUDAAN 

software to properly account for the complex design features of 

the study, such as stratification and unequal weighting. 

Unless otherwise noted, all estimates displayed in analysis 

tables were computed assuming that any item missing data 

was missing at random. Thus, percentages were computed only 

among the records that responded to the corresponding row 

item in the tables. 

B-5 
Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation 

B.1.6 Computing Confidence Intervals 

Asymmetric confidence intervals are displayed for all percent 

estimates. These tend to have better coverage properties for 

percent estimates, particularly for small percentages. These 

were computed as follows: 

Suppose f ( p) = log( p) − log(1− p) where p is the percent 

estimate. 

s( p) Then the standard error estimate of f ( p) is s[ f ( p)] ≈ 

p(1− p)

Suppose 

Lf = f ( p) − tα / 2 s[ f ( p)]

U f = f ( p) + tα / 2 s[ f ( p)]

Then the confidence interval for p will be: 

⎛

⎜

⎜

⎝

exp(Lf ) exp(U f )
 

1+ exp(Lf )

,

1+ exp(U f )
 

⎞

⎟

⎟

⎠

 B.1.7 Suppression Rule 

The suppression rule that was used for all tables is the 

following: 

If any estimate was less than .1 then a ** appears in 

the table and we included a footnote indicating 

“**Estimate rounds to zero.” 

⎛

⎜

⎝

s(θ) ⎞

⎟

⎠ Any estimate with a relative standard error i.e., that is 

θ
 

greater than .50 or that has a sample size of 30 or less was 

considered imprecise. In the tables, we displayed a 

superscripted “+” and a footnote indicating “+Low precision” 

was displayed. Suppressed estimates were still displayed. 

B.1.8 Testing the Significance of Differences 

To test the significance of differences in the tables, we used the 

standard t-test as follows: 

θ1 −θ 2 Let T = where s(θ −θ )is the design-based standard 

s(θ1 −θ 2 ) 1 2

error of the difference θ −θ . Then the significance probability 1 2

associated with a 2-sided test is equal to: 

φ = 2 ⋅[1− Pt,df (t < T )] 

If 0 ≤ φ ≤ .05 then the difference is deemed significant at the 

95% confidence level. 

B-6 
Appendix B — Post-Data Collection Methodology and Analysis Tables 

B.2 ANALYSIS TABLES 

Tables were generated for the following by-groups. These bygroups defined the columns of the tables: 

Exhibit B-2 By Census Region 

(Northeast, South, Midwest, West) 

Exhibit B-3 By Jurisdiction Type 

(Rural, Urban, Unknown) 

Exhibit B-4 By Jurisdiction Size 

(Large: at least 50,000 persons; Medium: 

5,000–50,000 persons; Small: 0–5,000 

persons) 

Exhibit B-5 By Department Type 

(All Career, All Volunteer, Combination) 

Exhibit B-6 By Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

(Fatality with Investigation, Fatality without 

Investigation, No Fatality) 

Exhibit B-7 By Type of Fatality 

(Traumatic or Both, Cardiovascular, No 

Fatality) 

Separate tables were generated for column percent estimates 

(labeled “a” in each set), the confidence interval associated 

with the percent estimates (labeled “b” in each set), and the 

total number of fire departments that responded (labeled “c” in 

each set). 

B-7 
Exhibit B-2a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Census Region 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South 

1. Does your department have a Safety Officer? Yes No 

70.3 

29.7 

72.9 [3]

27.1 [3]

 73.3 [3] 26.7 [3]

  

2. Does your department have a Training Officer? Yes No 

88.5 

11.5 

87.0 [2]

13.0 [2]

 92.4 [1,3,4] 7.6 [1,3,4]

  

3. Some fire departments use Standard Operating 

Procedures (SOPs) or Standard Operating Guidelines (SOGs) to describe how certain situations should be approached. For which of the following does your department have SOPs/SOGs in place? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Incident Command Systems 83.7 87.3 [3] 85.7 [3] 

Maintenance of SCBAs 69.7 77.9 [2,3,4] 66.3 [1] 

Motor vehicle safety 78.8 84.8 [3] 80.2 [3] 

Participation in a personal physical fitness program Participation in regular health screenings for 

11.0 9.8 [4] 10.9 [4] 

cardiovascular disease (CVD) 

Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs), also known as Rapid 

Intervention Crews (RICs) or Firefighter Assistance 

16.8 27.5 [2,3] 9.3 [1,3,4] 

and Search Teams (FAST) 40.4 48.3 [2,3] 35.6 [1,4] 

Use of Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) devices 

Use of personal protective equipment and protective 

75.4 83.5 [2,3] 70.9 [1] 

clothing 89.1 94.7 [2,3,4] 89.5 [1] 

Use of radio communications 84.8 91.8 [2,3] 85.5 [1,3] 

 Other 

Does not apply. Our fire department does not use 

8.7 12.2 [2,3] 6.7 [1] 

SOPs/SOGs. 5.0 1.0 [2,3,4,+] 4.6 [1] 

B-8 
Exhibit B-2a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South 

4. Do your firefighters receive training on any of the 

topics listed below? If so, is training optional or required? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

4a. Fighting structure fires No Training 1.1 0.5 [+] 1.5 

 Optional Training 16.7 15.2 [3] 13.2 [3] 

 Required Training 4b. Driving safety 

82.8 84.9 [3] 85.9 [3] 

 No Training 3.9 1.0 [3,4,+] 2.4 [3]  Optional Training 18.6 19.7 [4] 16.1 [3]  Required Training 4c. Incident Command systems 

77.7 79.4 [3] 81.7 [3] 

 No Training 2.9 1.2 [3,+] 3.3  Optional Training 27.4 29.6 24.9  Required Training 4d. Maintenance of Self-Contained Breathing 

Apparatuses (SCBAs) 

69.9 69.1 71.8 

 No Training 6.6 4.0 [4] 7.1  Optional Training 33.6 32.9 [4] 31.9 [3]  Required Training 4e. Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) 

60.3 63.1 [3] 61.3 

 No Training 28.5 20.7 [2,3] 31.1 [1,4]  Optional Training 36.2 52.9 [2,3,4] 32.1 [1,4]  Required Training 35.5 26.9 [2,4] 36.8 [1,4] 

B-9 
Exhibit B-2a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South 

4f. Use of personal protective equipment and/or 

protective clothing 

 No Training 1.5 0.6 [+] 1.9 

 Optional Training 9.9 6.9 [3] 9.6  Required Training 4g. Use of radio communication devices

88.9 93.1 [3] 88.7 

 No Training 2.7 2.0 2.7  Optional Training 21.4 21.0 [4] 21.3 [4]  Required Training 76.2 77.1 [4] 76.7 [4] 5. Who provides training to your firefighters? MARK 

ALL THAT APPLY. Our department’s Training Officer 84.9 81.7 87.7 

Other officers within our department 82.8 88.5 [2] 75.4 [1,3,4] 

State fire training agency 77.4 89.6 [2,3,4] 76.5 [1,4] 

United States Fire Administration’s (USFA) National Fire 

Academy in Emmitsburg, MD 

20.9 26.2 [3] 22.3 [3] 

Conferences or regional meetings 51.7 55.2 [2] 43.4 [1,3,4] 

 Other 25.2 30.0 [3] 25.6 [3] 6. What other trainings have your firefighters 

attended in the last 12 months? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Roadside incidents/Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVA) 55.3 67.3 [2,3] 48.8 [1,4] 

 Scuba diving 7.5 7.6 [4] 7.8 [4] 

Swift water rescue 11.2 13.3 [3] 11.0 

 Wildland fire fighting 47.0 32.3 [2,4] 49.8 [1,3,4]  HAZMAT 66.7 75.2 [2,3] 63.4 [1]  Other 31.2 42.4 [2,3,4] 29.4 [1] 

B-10 
Exhibit B-2a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South 

8. How familiar are you with the National Institute 

for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)? Not at all familiar 8.3 2.9 [2,3,4] 9.1 [1] 

Not very familiar 24.3 19.1 [3] 23.5 

 Somewhat familiar 58.1 63.1 [3,4] 59.8 

 Very familiar 9.3 14.9 [2,3] 7.5 [1] 

9. How familiar are you with NIOSH’s Fire Fighter 

Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP)? Not at all familiar 20.8 14.1 [3,4] 19.2 

Not very familiar 33.5 32.6 37.2 [4] 

 Somewhat familiar 37.9 43.8 [3] 36.9 

 Very familiar 7.8 9.5 6.7 [4] 

10. How does your department receive information 

about NIOSH’s firefighter safety and health recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

 NIOSH mailings 67.8 71.0 67.3 

National conference presentations 3.6 2.7 [4] 4.3 

State-level conference presentations 11.5 11.1 11.0 

Other firefighters or departments 22.9 28.4 [2,3] 20.8 [1] 

At seminars or other training opportunities (not 

conferences) 

16.4 23.1 [2,3] 13.8 [1] 

Trade publications (such as Firehouse and Fire 

Engineering) 

47.2 49.6 46.5 

 NIOSH website 24.3 29.1 [2,3] 21.8 [1,4] 

Links from other websites (such as NFPA and Firehouse) 28.2 34.6 [2,3] 26.3 [1] Media reports—newspaper, television, radio 14.9 22.2 [2,3] 11.6 [1] 

Other 

1.1 1.1 [+] 1.6 

Does not apply. We have not received information 

about NIOSH recommendations. 

11.1 5.0 [2,3,4] 13.2 [1] 

B-11 
B-12 Exhibit B-2a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South 

11. In what ways has your department used NIOSH 

recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Made changes to training program 40.2 46.5 [2,3] 37.5 [1] 

Developed new SOPs/SOGs 26.3 31.3 [2,3] 23.4 [1] 

Made changes to SOPs/SOGs 34.9 42.7 [2,3] 30.5 [1] Justified current budget/staffing 5.0 6.0 3.3 

Made new budget/staffing requests 5.5 6.2 5.4 

Justified grant applications 15.5 21.1 [2,3] 13.9 [1] 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH 

recommendations. 

30.1 26.6 32.7 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 11.7 5.3 [2,3,4] 14.0 [1] 

11b. Can you identify topics of NIOSH 

recommendations that you have used for training purposes? If so, MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

 Traffic hazards 29.3 31.9 29.4 

Personal protective equipment and clothing 41.6 51.1 [2,3,4] 37.3 [1] 

 SCBA 40.1 48.8 [2,3] 34.0 [1] 

 PASS systems 32.6 41.4 [2,3] 28.1 [1] 

Incident Command systems 32.1 37.5 30.7 

 Radio communications 23.0 24.9 21.7 

Physical fitness and cardiovascular disease (CVD) 8.5 8.2 8.0 

Building code compliance (e.g., warning against the use 

of wooden trusses) 

6.9 9.6 [2] 4.9 [1] 

Other 

2.3 2.2 3.1 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH 

recommendations for training purposes. 

1.9 3.0 [4] 1.9 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 41.9 32.2 [2,3] 46.4 [1] 
Exhibit B-2a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South 

12. Does your department have a fitness training that 

involves physical exercise and/or other health promotion activities (for example a cardiovascular fitness program, physical training program, wellness program, or other fitness program)? 

No 

78.5 81.6 [4] 78.8 [4] 

Yes, it’s required 7.0 1.5 [2,3,4] 8.5 [1,3,4] Yes, it’s optional 14.5 16.9 12.7 [4] 

13. How often do your firefighters receive screenings 

for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors? 

One time, when they first join the department 14.5 18.2 [2] 9.1 [1,3,4] 

Less frequently than once a year 7.1 6.4 [3] 3.3 [3,4] One time a year 17.1 30.9 [2,3,4] 11.1 [1,4] More than one time a year 0.3 ** [2] 0.4 [1] 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive 

CVD screenings 

60.9 44.6 [2,3,4] 76.1 [1,3,4] 

14. Do all drivers of vehicles responding to emergency 

calls receive driver training before being allowed to operate the vehicles? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

No 

6.4 1.2 [2,3,4,+] 3.7 [1,3] 

Yes, they receive training required by the department 84.0 93.1 [2,3,4] 86.5 [1,3] Yes, they receive training required by the state 25.7 18.3 [2,4] 30.1 [1,3] 

Yes, they receive optional training 13.8 12.3 13.5 

15. How often do drivers of your fire department 

vehicles receive refresher driver training to continue being allowed to drive the vehicles? Two or more times a year 14.2 14.8 17.4 [3] 

Once every year 40.3 37.9 40.5 

Less frequently than once a year 24.8 26.9 25.3 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive 

continuing driver training. 

20.7 20.5 16.8 [3] 

B-13 
Exhibit B-2a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South 

16. Does your fire department have a requirement 

regarding seat belt use in emergency vehicles?

 Yes 84.2 85.6 [3,4] 87.3 [3] 

 No 15.8 14.4 [3,4] 12.7 [3] 17. To what extent do you agree or disagree that your 

firefighters are able to fit comfortably in their seatbelts while wearing turnout gear in your emergency vehicles? 

 Strongly disagree 6.9 5.4 7.2  Disagree 18.0 20.2 [4] 16.6 

Neither agree nor disagree 30.8 31.4 30.1 

 Agree 32.1 32.7 33.9  Strongly agree 12.2 10.4 [4] 12.2 

18. About how often do you think your firefighters 

use their seatbelts when riding in the emergency vehicles?

 Never 5.4 4.5 [3] 3.2 [3] 

Some of the time 22.7 27.2 [4] 22.0 [4] 

About half the time 17.0 19.6 [4] 16.2 Most of the time 38.4 36.6 41.6 [3] 

 Always 16.5 12.0 [4] 16.9 [4] 21. How often is Incident Command established when 

responding to structure fires? 

Never 

2.3 1.4 [+] 3.0 

 Rarely 6.8 3.3 [3] 6.7 

About half the time 6.7 4.3 [3] 6.2 Most of the time 27.6 24.5 [3,4] 29.0 [4] 

 Always 56.6 66.6 [2,3] 55.1 [1,3,4] 

B-14 
Exhibit B-2a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South 

22. What are the reasons why Incident Command is 

not always established by your fire department? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not usually big enough to require an Incident 

Commander 

22.5 15.9 [2,3] 24.6 [1] 

Not enough firefighters available at the scene of the fire 21.2 13.6 [2,3] 21.7 [1] 

Other 

6.2 7.3 4.5 [3] 

Does not apply. My department always assigns an 

Incident Commander for structure fires. 

3.6 4.4 3.0 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 56.6 66.6 [2,3] 54.9 [1,3,4] 

23. When Incident Command is established for a 

structure fire, what are the Incident Commander’s responsibilities? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Conduct an initial assessment before the other 

firefighters begin entering the building 

91.0 93.7 89.6 

Develop and coordinate the fire attack strategy 93.1 94.7 92.4 Develop and initiate a risk management plan 52.3 58.9 [3] 52.8 

Document all assessments, plans and events related to 

the fire 

38.8 42.2 34.6 [4] 

Ensure that at least four (4) firefighters are on the 

scene before entering the building 

68.6 63.2 [3] 66.1 [3] 

Establish a collapse zone around the building 49.1 55.6 [2] 45.1 [1] 

Establish Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) or Rapid 

Intervention Crew (RIC) 

48.5 62.8 [2,3] 41.3 [1,4] 

Identify and implement a communication strategy 64.7 66.8 62.5 

Monitor location of all firefighters at the scene 76.2 63.0 [2,3,4] 82.8 [1] 

 Other 9.1 10.3 6.7 [4] 

B-15 
B-16 Exhibit B-2a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South 

24. About how often does an Incident Commander 

assign an Incident Safety Officer when responding to structure fires? 

Never 

13.3 8.0 [3] 12.6 [3] 

Some of the time 26.5 21.0 [3] 27.7 

About half the time 8.1 6.4 8.8 Most of the time 29.8 32.7 29.7 

 Always 22.3 31.9 [2,3,4] 21.1 [1] 

25. What are the reasons why an Incident 

Commander does not always assign an Incident Safety Officer? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not big enough to require an Incident Safety 

Officer 

32.3 23.7 [2,3,4] 33.7 [1] 

Not enough firefighters are available at the scene of the 

fire 

51.7 42.7 [3] 50.9 [3] 

Other 

13.1 13.8 13.6 

Does not apply. Our Incident Commanders always 

assign an Incident Safety Officer for structure fires. 

2.1 3.1 2.1 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 22.6 33.3 [2,3,4] 21.1 [1] 26. How often are Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) 

or Rapid Intervention Crews (RICs) available 

at structure fires? 

Never 

29.4 12.1 [2,3] 35.7 [1,4] 

Some of the time 21.8 21.3 20.7 

About half the time 6.5 5.1 6.7 

Most of the time 22.5 24.0 22.1 

 Always 19.9 37.5 [2,3,4] 14.7 [1,4] 
Exhibit B-2a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South 

27. In what situations are RITs/RICs established? 

MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

When the building has more than one story/floor 9.3 9.3 10.0 

When there are enough firefighters on and at the scene 

of the fire 

32.3 23.4 [2,3,4] 36.0 [1] 

Whenever firefighters enter a burning building 26.4 28.6 25.0 [4] 

 Other 4.9 8.4 [2] 2.6 [1] 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 49.3 49.8 50.5 28. What are the reasons why your fire department 

does not use RITs/RICs in every structure fire? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

The structure fire may not be large enough to need an 

RIT/RIC 

34.9 27.5 [3] 34.1 [3] 

We don’t have enough equipment, SCBAs, or turnout 

gear to establish an RIT/RIC 

8.8 4.8 [2,3] 10.0 [1] 

We don’t have enough firefighters available at the 

scene of the fire 

53.5 33.0 [2,3,4] 59.4 [1] 

We don’t have enough training or trained personnel at 

the scene to establish an RIT/RIC 

20.7 17.0 [3] 17.1 [3] 

We have never established an RIT/RIC 17.7 11.2 [2,3] 18.8 [1,3,4] 

We use other fire departments in the area for RITs/RICs 29.2 43.3 [2,3,4] 22.6 [1,3] We use other safety practices and so we don’t need 

them 

4.2 2.1 [2] 5.8 [1] 

 Other 4.1 2.7 [4] 3.1 [4]  Legitimately Skipped Question 20.3 38.0 [2,3,4] 15.0 [1,4] 29. Does your fire department have enough Personal 

Alert Safety System (PASS) devices for all firefighters for use when fighting structure fires?

 Yes 78.8 86.7 [2,3] 72.7 [1,4]  No 21.2 13.3 [2,3] 27.3 [1,4] 

B-17 
Exhibit B-2a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South 

30. About how often do you think your firefighters 

wear their PASS devices when fighting structure fires?

 Never 6.3 0.4 [2,3,4,+] 9.6 [1,3] 

Some of the time 3.9 1.9 [3,+] 4.0 [4] About half the time 1.8 0.8 [3,+] 1.9 Most of the time 12.8 7.3 [2,3] 13.8 [1] 

 Always 75.2 89.6 [2,3,4] 70.8 [1] 31. Why do you think your firefighters do not use 

their PASS devices more often? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. They don’t have a PASS device to use 13.1 6.2 [2,3] 17.3 [1] 

Situation doesn’t require them 9.5 3.9 [2,3] 10.0 [1] 

Firefighters think the devices do not always work 

reliably 

0.3 0.4 [+] ** 

Firefighters don’t think they need them 4.6 4.1 4.1 

Devices go off while firefighters are resting 3.7 2.3 [3] 2.4 [3] 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 75.5 89.5 [2,3,4] 71.0 [1] 32. Does your department have Self Contained 

Breathing Apparatuses (SCBA) for your firefighters to use when combating structure fires?

 Yes No 

99.2 

0.8 

99.5 

0.5 [+]

100.0 [4]

 ** [4,+]

 

 

33. Do your firefighters ever have to share facepieces 

for SCBAs?

 Yes 49.7 43.9 [2] 56.8 [1,4]  No 49.5 55.5 [2] 43.1 [1,4]  Legitimately Skipped Question 0.8 0.6 [+] ** [4,+] 

B-18 
Exhibit B-2a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South 

33a. What are the reasons why your fire department 

does not have personally-fitted SCBA facepieces for all of your firefighters? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Didn’t know it was recommended 4.8 3.0 6.3 

Firefighters don’t like using the equipment 0.3   

Have never needed them (e.g., we don’t do interior 

attacks) 

0.7 0.4 [+] 1.1 [+] 

They cost too much, there is not enough money in the 

budget 

31.8 25.4 [2] 37.8 [1,4] 

We don’t have enough equipment for all of our 

firefighters 

24.6 15.7 [2,3] 26.2 [1] 

Shared systems work fine for our needs 23.4 20.2 26.3 [4] 

 Other 5.0 7.2 4.8  Legitimately Skipped Question 50.3 56.3 [2] 43.3 [1,4] 34. About how often do you think your firefighters 

use SCBAs while fighting structure fires? 

Never 

1.1 **  [2] 1.6 [1] 

Some of the time 4.7 0.9 [2,3,+] 6.1 [1] 

About half the time 2.7 ** [2,3] 2.6 [1] 

Most of the time 24.5 22.4 25.6 

 Always 66.1 76.2 [2,3] 64.1 [1] 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 0.8 0.6 [+] ** [4,+] 

B-19 
Exhibit B-2a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South 

35. Why do you think your firefighters do not use 

SCBAs more often when fighting structure fires? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Situation doesn’t require them 

Firefighters do not trust that the SCBAs will work 

reliably 

Firefighters don’t think they need them 

Firefighters don’t like sharing facepieces with others Firefighters are concerned that the SCBA may be or 

become contaminated 

Wearing SCBAs makes it more difficult to work 

Firefighters don’t have SCBAs to use 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 

25.9 

** 10.3 

1.0 

** 

5.9 

3.9 

67.8 

17.9 [2,3]

** 

8.4 

** [3]

** 

3.6 [3]

2.2 [3]

77.6 [2,3]

 27.9 [1]

** 

11.4 

 0.9 [+]

0.2 [+]

 6.4  3.4 

 64.9 [1]

 

  

 

36. How often is routine maintenance performed on 

your SCBAs? After every time they are used 43.0 42.6 43.7 

Once a month or more 19.0 28.4 [2,3,4] 17.8 [1] Several times a year 15.0 11.8 14.4 Once a year 16.4 15.2 19.1 [3] 

Less than once a year 4.3 1.3 [3,4,+] 4.2 

Never. Maintenance has not been done on our SCBAs. 1.4 ** [3] 0.8 [+] Does not apply. My department does not have SCBAs.   **  

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1.0 0.7 [+] ** [4,+] 

37. How many 

Chemical/Biological/Radiological/Nuclear (CBRN) SCBAs are available (or on order) for use by firefighters within your department at this time?

 Greater than zero Zero 

17.5 

82.5 

19.5 

80.5 

16.9 

83.1 

B-20 
Exhibit B-2a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South 

37a. What are the reasons why your fire department 

does not have CBRN SCBAs? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

CBRN SCBA devices are not needed in our department 20.9 18.1 20.2 

We didn’t know they were available 15.1 13.7 14.7 

We don’t have adequate technical information to 

purchase them 

19.7 18.8 15.3 [3,4] 

We don’t have adequate funding to purchase them 60.3 57.5 63.3 

Other 

4.9 4.3 4.8 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 18.3 20.3 17.7 38. Does your fire department have Automated 

External Defibrillators (AEDs)?

 Yes 77.4 78.2 74.4 No 

22.6 21.8 25.6 

38a. At your fire department, where do you have 

AEDs? At the fire station(s) 2.8 3.3 3.1 

On the emergency vehicles (or apparatus) 62.0 59.7 61.6 

Both at the fire station(s) and on the vehicles (or 

apparatus) 

10.4 12.4 8.1 [4] 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 24.9 24.6 27.3 39. How often has routine maintenance, including 

replacement of battery packs, been performed on your AEDs? After every time they are used 13.9 14.6 14.9 

Once a month or more 25.4 24.6 22.0 Several times a year 20.6 20.4 19.1 Once a year 22.3 23.1 24.8 Less frequently than once a year 7.4 5.3 7.3 

Never. Maintenance on our AEDs has not been done. 10.4 12.0 11.9 

B-21 
B-22 Exhibit B-2a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South 

40. About how often do your firefighters carry radios 

or other two-way communication devices while responding to structure fires? 

Never 

1.6 2.9 0.7 [+] 

Some of the time 4.7 7.6 [2] 1.5 [1,3] 

About half the time 2.6 1.2 [+] 3.2 

Most of the time 20.6 22.1 17.7 [3] 

 Always 70.4 66.2 [2] 76.9 [1,3] 

41. Some radios and other two-way communication 

devices can have problems under field conditions, 

such as bleed-over, interference, or loss of communication. About how often do your communication devices have these or other problems? 

Never 

18.0 15.0 17.8 

Some of the time 64.5 68.5 63.6 

About half the time 10.3 10.4 9.8 Most of the time 5.4 3.5 7.0 

 Always 1.8 2.5 1.9 
Exhibit B-2a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South 

42. How would you rate your department’s budget in 

the following areas? 

42a. Equipment  Not adequate 48.6 40.3 [2,3,4] 49.0 [1] 

 Adequate 45.7 51.9 [3] 45.0 

More than adequate 

42b. Training 

5.7 7.9 6.0 

 Not adequate 39.1 27.2 [2,3,4] 39.0 [1] 

 Adequate 55.6 64.6 [2,3,4] 55.4 [1] 

More than adequate 

42c. Personnel 

5.2 8.2 [3,4] 5.6 [4] 

 Not adequate 51.5 44.2 [2,4] 54.7 [1,4]  Adequate 44.3 51.3 [2,4] 40.1 [1,3] 

More than adequate 4.2 4.5 5.2 [4] 

43. How often have you seen NIOSH reports that 

describe recent firefighter fatalities and make recommendations for avoiding similar incidents? Please refer to the insert sheet included with this survey for examples of NIOSH firefighter safety reports. 

Never 

26.8 21.6 [2,3] 30.2 [1,4] 

One or two times per year 34.3 31.3 34.9 Several times per year 33.2 40.9 [2,3] 29.3 [1,4] Once a month or more 5.7 6.2 5.6 

B-23 
B-24 Exhibit B-2a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South 

44. How does your department receive the NIOSH 

Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation reports? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

 By mail 56.0 58.7 52.6 

On the Internet 24.7 27.7 22.4 [4] 

From colleagues in other departments 10.0 12.6 [3] 11.8 [3] 

At conferences or other meetings 6.9 6.4 7.0 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 26.8 21.6 [2,3] 30.0 [1] 

45. Have you read part or all of a NIOSH Fire Fighter 

Fatality Investigation report in the last 12 months? 

Yes 

53.3 57.7 49.8 [4] 

 No 20.0 20.5 20.5  Legitimately Skipped Question 26.6 21.8 [2,3] 29.8 [1,4] 50. Does the fire department disseminate the 

information it receives from NIOSH to the firefighters?

 Yes 60.7 64.1 58.5 No 

12.1 14.0 10.9 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 27.3 21.9 [2,3] 30.6 [1] 
Exhibit B-2a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South 

50a. How is this information disseminated to 

firefighters? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Regular staff meetings 23.5 24.1 [4] 24.1 [4] 

 Training sessions 44.2 44.0 47.1 [3] 

Provide copies of NIOSH reports to firefighters 16.2 17.4 13.0 Provide copies of NIOSH report summaries to 

firefighters 

6.2 7.0 5.3 

Provide summaries prepared by department to 

firefighters 

1.8 1.9 2.3 

Postings on bulletin boards 38.5 52.2 [2,3,4] 32.2 [1] 

Post report on the department website 1.1 1.8 0.9 

Send message to firefighters by email 5.3 3.0 [4] 4.9 [4] 

 Other 1.3 0.7 [+] 1.6 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 39.1 36.1 41.1 51. The NIOSH reports sometimes reference other 

documents, such as guidelines or more detailed technical reports. Does your fire department usually have access to documents that are referenced in NIOSH reports? 

Yes 

34.2 40.8 [2,3] 32.4 [1] 

No 

38.4 37.4 36.6 [4] 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 27.4 21.9 [2,3] 31.0 [1,4] 

B-25 
Exhibit B-2a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South 

52. NIOSH reports always include recommendations 

that are designed to help improve the health and safety of firefighters. How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about the NIOSH recommendations: 

52a. Recommendations are practical  Strongly Disagree 0.5 ** [+] 0.7 [+] 

 Disagree 3.6 4.7 3.0 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 18.7 15.0 [3,4] 17.0 

 Agree 45.6 52.5 [3] 44.6 

 Strongly Agree 3.7 5.9 3.1 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 52b. Recommendations are easy to understand 

28.0 21.9 [2,3] 31.6 [1] 

 Strongly Disagree 0.4 ** [+] 0.7 [+] 

 Disagree 1.7 1.8 1.8 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 19.8 18.4 17.8 

 Agree 45.4 50.3 [3] 44.3 

 Strongly Agree 4.6 7.7 [2,4] 3.6 [1] 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 52c. Recommendations are specific and concrete 

28.1 21.9 [2,3] 31.8 [1] 

 Strongly Disagree 0.4 0.2 [+] 0.8 [+] *

 Disagree 3.2 3.1 2.6 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 26.6 27.0 23.8 

 Agree 37.9 42.8 [3] 37.1 

 Strongly Agree 3.8 5.0 4.2 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 28.0 22.0 [2,3] 31.6 [1] 

B-26 
Exhibit B-2a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South 

53. What other NIOSH materials have you seen? 

MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Pocket guide to chemical hazards 57.4 66.8 [2,3] 52.3 [1] 

Respirator maintenance program guide 13.8 17.0 [4] 13.1 

CDs of firefighter program materials 28.0 31.2 26.3 

 Alerts 31.7 38.8 [2,3] 29.8 [1] 

 Hazard IDs 16.6 19.8 14.1  Workplace Solutions 12.5 15.2 11.2 

Other 

0.8 ** [3] 0.9 [+] 

None. I have not seen any NIOSH materials. 25.2 18.2 [2,3] 28.2 [1] 

53a. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with these 

NIOSH materials? 

 Very dissatisfied 1.3 2.6 0.4 [+] 

 Dissatisfied 0.2 0.4 [+] ** [+] 

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied 21.2 20.9 17.9 [4] 

 Satisfied 47.1 53.1 [3] 48.1 

 Very satisfied 5.2 4.9 5.1  Legitimately Skipped Question 24.9 18.1 [2,3] 28.4 [1] 54. Have you ever visited the NIOSH website at 

www.cdc.gov/niosh/firehome.html? 

No 

59.4 56.3 [3] 57.9 

Yes, in the last year 34.5 37.7 34.2 

Yes, longer than one year ago 6.1 6.0 8.0 [3] 

Note: Estimates are generated from the 2006 Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation, Fire DepEstimates within each column from the “Mark all that Apply” questions will not sum to 100. Estimates within each column from the oth

sum to 100 due to rounding. 

The digits in square brackets beside an estimate [#] indicate the estimate is significantly different at the 95% confidence level from th

in column #. A plus sign within the square brackets [+] indicates the estimate has low precision. 

** Estimate is less than 0.1 and therefore rounds to zero. 

B-27 
B-28 Exhibit B-2b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Census Region 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

1. Does your department have a Safety Officer? 

Yes No 

(67.5, 72.9) 

(27.1, 32.5) 

(66.9, 78.2) 

(21.8, 33.1) 

(68.3, 77.8) 

(22.2, 31.7) 

(58

(31

2. Does your department have a Training Officer? 

Yes No 

(86.4, 90.3) 

(9.7, 13.6) 

(82.0, 90.7) 

(9.3, 18.0) 

(89.1, 94.8) 

(5.2, 10.9) 

(83

(9.

3. Some fire departments use Standard Operating 

Procedures (SOPs) or Standard Operating Guidelines (SOGs) to describe how certain situations should be approached. For which of the following does your department have SOPs/SOGs in place? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Incident Command Systems (81.3, 85.8) (82.3, 91.0) (81.4, 89.2) (74

Maintenance of SCBAs (66.9, 72.3) (72.1, 82.7) (61.1, 71.2) (63

Motor vehicle safety (76.3, 81.2) (79.9, 88.7) (75.6, 84.1) (66

Participation in a personal physical fitness program (9.6, 12.7) (6.8, 13.9) (8.4, 14.1) (5.

Participation in regular health screenings for 

cardiovascular disease (CVD) 

(14.9, 18.9) (22.2, 33.6) (7.1, 12.1) (12

Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs), also known as Rapid 

Intervention Crews (RICs) or Firefighter Assistance and Search Teams (FAST) 

(37.7, 43.2) (42.1, 54.5) (30.9, 40.7) (29

Use of Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) devices (72.7, 77.9) (78.3, 87.6) (65.7, 75.5) (69

Use of personal protective equipment and protective 

clothing 

(87.1, 90.9) (91.3, 96.8) (85.7, 92.4) (81

Use of radio communications (82.5, 86.8) (87.9, 94.5) (81.3, 88.9) (73Other (7.2, 10.5) (8.5, 17.2) (4.6, 9.7) (5.

Does not apply. Our fire department does not use 

SOPs/SOGs. 

(3.8, 6.5) (0.3, 3.2) (2.7, 7.6) (5.
Exhibit B-2b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Census Region (c

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

4. Do your firefighters receive training on any of the 

topics listed below? If so, is training optional or required? 

4a. Fighting structure fires 

No Training (0.6, 2.0) (0.1, 2.6) (0.6, 3.9) (0

Optional Training (14.6, 19.1) (11.2, 20.3) (9.9, 17.4) (19

Required Training 

4b. Driving safety 

(80.4, 85.0) (79.8, 88.8) (81.6, 89.3) (72

No Training (2.9, 5.3) (0.3, 3.2) (1.2, 5.0) (4

Optional Training (16.3, 21.1) (15.0, 25.5) (12.5, 20.6) (19

Required Training 

4c. Incident Command systems 

(75.1, 80.1) (73.6, 84.2) (77.1, 85.6) (65

No Training (2.0, 4.1) (0.4, 3.8) (1.8, 6.2) (2

Optional Training (24.8, 30.2) (24.1, 35.9) (20.4, 30.0) (26

Required Training 

4d. Maintenance of Self-Contained Breathing 

Apparatuses (SCBAs) 

(67.1, 72.6) (62.9, 74.7) (66.6, 76.4) (59

No Training (5.2, 8.3) (2.1, 7.6) (4.8, 10.4) (3

Optional Training (30.8, 36.5) (27.2, 39.1) (27.1, 37.2) (35

Required Training 

4e. Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) 

(57.3, 63.1) (56.8, 69.0) (56.0, 66.5) (49

No Training (25.8, 31.3) (16.0, 26.4) (26.1, 36.5) (30

Optional Training (33.3, 39.2) (46.5, 59.3) (27.1, 37.5) (29

Required Training (32.8, 38.3) (21.7, 32.9) (31.8, 42.1) (26

B-29 
Exhibit B-2b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Census Region (c

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

4f. Use of personal protective equipment and/or 

protective clothing No Training (0.9, 2.4) (0.1, 2.4) (0.9, 4.2) (0

Optional Training (8.2, 11.8) (4.3, 10.9) (6.8, 13.4) (11

Required Training 

4g. Use of radio communication devices 

(86.9, 90.7) (89.1, 95.7) (84.8, 91.8) (80

No Training (1.9, 3.8) (0.8, 5.0) (1.3, 5.3) (2

Optional Training (19.0, 23.9) (16.4, 26.6) (17.1, 26.1) (21

Required Training (73.6, 78.6) (71.4, 82.0) (71.8, 81.0) (65

5. Who provides training to your firefighters? MARK 

ALL THAT APPLY. Our department’s Training Officer (82.6, 86.9) (76.1, 86.1) (83.7, 90.9) (80Other officers within our department (80.4, 85.0) (83.6, 92.0) (70.5, 79.8) (80State fire training agency (74.8, 79.8) (84.9, 93.0) (71.7, 80.8) (70

United States Fire Administration’s (USFA) National Fire 

Academy in Emmitsburg, MD 

(18.9, 23.1) (21.2, 31.8) (18.6, 26.6) (11

Conferences or regional meetings (48.8, 54.6) (48.8, 61.3) (38.3, 48.6) (50Other (22.7, 27.8) (24.6, 36.0) (21.3, 30.5) (13

6. What other trainings have your firefighters 

attended in the last 12 months? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Roadside incidents/Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVA) (52.4, 58.2) (61.2, 72.9) (43.7, 54.0) (45

Scuba diving (6.2, 9.1) (5.0, 11.3) (5.5, 11.1) (6.

Swift water rescue (9.6, 13.0) (9.7, 18.0) (8.3, 14.3) (5.Wildland fire fighting (44.1, 49.9) (26.8, 38.4) (44.6, 55.1) (33

HAZMAT (63.8, 69.4) (69.3, 80.3) (58.2, 68.4) (56

Other (28.5, 33.9) (36.3, 48.7) (24.8, 34.4) (21

B-30 
Exhibit B-2b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Census Region (c

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

8. How familiar are you with the National Institute 

for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)? Not at all familiar (6.8, 10.2) (1.4, 5.9) (6.4, 12.8) (7.

Not very familiar (21.8, 27.0) (14.6, 24.5) (19.2, 28.4) (24Somewhat familiar (55.2, 61.0) (56.9, 68.9) (54.5, 64.9) (49Very familiar (7.8, 10.9) (11.1, 19.8) (5.5, 10.3) (4

9. How familiar are you with NIOSH’s Fire Fighter 

Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP)? Not at all familiar (18.4, 23.3) (10.2, 19.2) (15.2, 23.8) (21

Not very familiar (30.8, 36.4) (26.9, 38.8) (32.2, 42.4) (29

Somewhat familiar (35.1, 40.7) (37.7, 50.2) (32.1, 42.0) (30

Very familiar (6.5, 9.4) (6.5, 13.5) (4.8, 9.4) (3

10. How does your department receive information 

about NIOSH’s firefighter safety and health recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. NIOSH mailings (64.9, 70.5) (64.9, 76.4) (62.1, 72.1) (61

National conference presentations (2.8, 4.7) (1.3, 5.3) (2.8, 6.5) (1

State-level conference presentations (9.7, 13.5) (7.6, 15.8) (8.2, 14.6) (8.Other firefighters or departments (20.5, 25.5) (23.0, 34.5) (16.8, 25.4) (16

At seminars or other training opportunities (not 

conferences) 

(14.3, 18.6) (18.3, 28.7) (10.6, 17.7) (10

Trade publications (such as Firehouse and Fire 

Engineering) 

(44.3, 50.1) (43.3, 55.9) (41.3, 51.8) (39

NIOSH website (22.0, 26.7) (23.8, 35.1) (18.0, 26.3) (16

Links from other websites (such as NFPA and Firehouse) (25.7, 30.9) (28.9, 40.8) (22.0, 31.0) (19

Media reports—newspaper, television, radio (12.9, 17.1) (17.2, 28.0) (8.7, 15.4) (10

Other (0.7, 1.9) (0.4, 3.2) (0.7, 3.3) (0

Does not apply. We have not received information 

about NIOSH recommendations. 

(9.3, 13.2) (2.8, 9.0) (9.9, 17.5) (8.

B-31 
B-32 Exhibit B-2b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Census Region (c

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

11. In what ways has your department used NIOSH 

recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Made changes to training program (37.3, 43.1) (40.1, 53.0) (32.6, 42.7) (31

Developed new SOPs/SOGs (23.8, 29.0) (25.6, 37.7) (19.4, 28.0) (19

Made changes to SOPs/SOGs (32.2, 37.7) (36.5, 49.1) (26.0, 35.5) (28

Justified current budget/staffing (4.0, 6.3) (3.7, 9.5) (1.9, 5.5) (3

Made new budget/staffing requests (4.4, 6.8) (3.8, 9.8) (3.6, 7.9) (2

Justified grant applications (13.5, 17.8) (16.4, 26.8) (10.7, 17.8) (10

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH 

recommendations. 

(27.3, 32.9) (21.2, 32.9) (27.7, 38.0) (27

 Legitimately Skipped Question (9.8, 13.9) (2.9, 9.4) (10.4, 18.4) (9.

11b. Can you identify topics of NIOSH 

recommendations that you have used for training purposes? If so, MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Traffic hazards (26.7, 32.1) (26.2, 38.3) (24.8, 34.5) (21

Personal protective equipment and clothing (38.7, 44.5) (44.5, 57.6) (32.4, 42.6) (35

SCBA (37.2, 43.0) (42.4, 55.4) (29.3, 39.1) (35PASS systems (29.9, 35.5) (35.1, 47.9) (23.6, 33.0) (27

Incident Command systems (29.4, 34.9) (31.4, 44.0) (26.1, 35.7) (25

Radio communications (20.7, 25.6) (19.7, 30.8) (17.7, 26.2) (17

Physical fitness and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (7.1, 10.2) (5.3, 12.3) (5.8, 10.9) (5.

Building code compliance (e.g., warning against the use 

of wooden trusses) 

(5.6, 8.5) (6.4, 14.1) (3.2, 7.5) (4

Other (1.6, 3.4) (1.0, 4.9) (1.7, 5.8) (0

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH 

recommendations for training purposes. 

(1.3, 2.9) (1.5, 6.1) (0.9, 3.9) (0

 Legitimately Skipped Question (38.9, 44.8) (26.3, 38.7) (41.1, 51.8) (38
Exhibit B-2b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Census Region (c

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

12. Does your department have a fitness training that 

involves physical exercise and/or other health promotion activities (for example a cardiovascular fitness program, physical training program, wellness program, or other fitness program)? No (76.4, 80.4) (76.3, 85.9) (74.8, 82.3) (80

Yes, it’s required (5.9, 8.3) (0.6, 3.9) (6.4, 11.3) (2

Yes, it’s optional (12.8, 16.4) (12.8, 22.0) (9.9, 16.1) (9.

13. How often do your firefighters receive screenings 

for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors? 

One time, when they first join the department (12.7, 16.6) (13.9, 23.4) (6.6, 12.3) (13

Less frequently than once a year (5.8, 8.6) (3.9, 10.2) (2.0, 5.3) (8.

One time a year (15.2, 19.3) (25.3, 37.1) (8.6, 14.2) (10More than one time a year (0.1, 0.7) (**, **) (0.1, 0.9) (0

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive 

CVD screenings 

(58.3, 63.5) (38.3, 51.0) (72.0, 79.9) (53

14. Do all drivers of vehicles responding to emergency 

calls receive driver training before being allowed to operate the vehicles? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. No (5.1, 8.0) (0.3, 4.1) (2.1, 6.5) (9.

Yes, they receive training required by the department (81.7, 86.0) (89.3, 95.7) (82.4, 89.8) (71

Yes, they receive training required by the state (23.3, 28.3) (13.8, 23.8) (25.5, 35.0) (18

Yes, they receive optional training (11.8, 15.9) (8.8, 17.0) (10.2, 17.6) (11

15. How often do drivers of your fire department 

vehicles receive refresher driver training to continue being allowed to drive the vehicles? Two or more times a year (12.2, 16.4) (10.8, 20.0) (13.7, 21.8) (7.

Once every year (37.5, 43.2) (31.9, 44.2) (35.4, 45.8) (37Less frequently than once a year (22.3, 27.3) (21.7, 32.8) (21.1, 30.2) (18

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive 

continuing driver training. 

(18.4, 23.2) (15.9, 25.9) (13.1, 21.3) (21

B-33 
Exhibit B-2b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Census Region (c

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

16. Does your fire department have a requirement 

regarding seat belt use in emergency vehicles? Yes (81.9, 86.3) (80.4, 89.5) (83.2, 90.5) (72

No (13.7, 18.1) (10.5, 19.6) (9.5, 16.8) (19

17. To what extent do you agree or disagree that your 

firefighters are able to fit comfortably in their seatbelts while wearing turnout gear in your emergency vehicles? Strongly disagree (5.5, 8.5) (3.2, 9.0) (4.9, 10.4) (6.

Disagree (15.8, 20.4) (15.6, 25.7) (13.0, 20.9) (16

Neither agree nor disagree (28.2, 33.7) (25.8, 37.7) (25.4, 35.2) (27

Agree (29.5, 34.9) (27.0, 38.9) (29.1, 39.1) (24Strongly agree (10.4, 14.2) (7.2, 14.7) (9.3, 16.0) (8.

18. About how often do you think your firefighters 

use their seatbelts when riding in the emergency vehicles? Never (4.2, 6.9) (2.5, 7.9) (1.7, 5.9) (6.

Some of the time (20.3, 25.3) (21.9, 33.3) (17.9, 26.8) (23

About half the time (14.8, 19.4) (15.1, 25.1) (12.7, 20.6) (14

Most of the time (35.6, 41.3) (30.8, 42.9) (36.5, 46.9) (28

Always (14.6, 18.7) (8.4, 16.8) (13.5, 21.0) (9.

21. How often is Incident Command established when 

responding to structure fires? Never (1.5, 3.5) (0.5, 3.8) (1.5, 5.9) (0Rarely (5.4, 8.5) (1.7, 6.1) (4.4, 10.1) (7.

About half the time (5.3, 8.4) (2.3, 7.9) (4.0, 9.3) (6.Most of the time (25.0, 30.4) (19.5, 30.3) (24.4, 34.1) (29

Always (53.7, 59.4) (60.4, 72.2) (49.8, 60.4) (40

B-34 
Exhibit B-2b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Census Region (c

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

22. What are the reasons why Incident Command is 

not always established by your fire department? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not usually big enough to require an Incident 

Commander 

(20.1, 25.1) (11.8, 21.1) (20.2, 29.6) (23

Not enough firefighters available at the scene of the fire (18.8, 23.7) (9.9, 18.5) (17.5, 26.5) (22

Other (5.0, 7.8) (4.7, 11.2) (2.8, 7.2) (5.

Does not apply. My department always assigns an 

Incident Commander for structure fires. 

(2.7, 4.9) (2.4, 7.7) (1.6, 5.3) (2

 Legitimately Skipped Question (53.7, 59.5) (60.4, 72.2) (49.6, 60.1) (40

23. When Incident Command is established for a 

structure fire, what are the Incident Commander’s responsibilities? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Conduct an initial assessment before the other 

firefighters begin entering the building 

(89.1, 92.6) (89.8, 96.2) (85.8, 92.5) (88

Develop and coordinate the fire attack strategy (91.4, 94.5) (90.8, 96.9) (89.2, 94.8) (90Develop and initiate a risk management plan (49.4, 55.3) (52.5, 65.0) (47.4, 58.1) (42

Document all assessments, plans and events related to 

the fire 

(36.0, 41.7) (36.0, 48.5) (29.8, 39.8) (31

Ensure that at least four (4) firefighters are on the 

scene before entering the building 

(65.7, 71.3) (56.9, 69.1) (60.8, 70.9) (69

Establish a collapse zone around the building (46.1, 52.0) (49.2, 61.8) (39.9, 50.4) (43

Establish Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) or Rapid 

Intervention Crew (RIC) 

(45.7, 51.3) (56.6, 68.7) (36.3, 46.5) (36

Identify and implement a communication strategy (61.9, 67.5) (60.7, 72.5) (57.3, 67.5) (60Monitor location of all firefighters at the scene (73.6, 78.7) (56.6, 68.9) (78.4, 86.5) (73

Other (7.6, 10.9) (7.1, 14.7) (4.5, 9.7) (6.

B-35 
B-36 Exhibit B-2b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Census Region (c

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

24. About how often does an Incident Commander 

assign an Incident Safety Officer when responding to structure fires? Never (11.4, 15.5) (5.3, 11.9) (9.4, 16.8) (14

Some of the time (24.0, 29.2) (16.4, 26.6) (23.2, 32.7) (24About half the time (6.6, 9.9) (3.8, 10.4) (6.3, 12.2) (6.

Most of the time (27.2, 32.5) (27.1, 38.9) (25.1, 34.7) (22

Always (19.9, 24.9) (26.2, 38.2) (17.1, 25.8) (13

25. What are the reasons why an Incident 

Commander does not always assign an Incident Safety Officer? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not big enough to require an Incident Safety 

Officer 

(29.5, 35.1) (18.7, 29.5) (28.8, 38.9) (29

Not enough firefighters are available at the scene of the 

fire 

(48.7, 54.6) (36.6, 49.1) (45.6, 56.2) (53

Other (11.3, 15.1) (10.0, 18.6) (10.5, 17.5) (6.

Does not apply. Our Incident Commanders always 

assign an Incident Safety Officer for structure fires. 

(1.4, 3.0) (1.5, 6.2) (1.1, 4.2) (0

 Legitimately Skipped Question (20.3, 25.2) (27.4, 39.7) (17.1, 25.8) (13

26. How often are Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) 

or Rapid Intervention Crews (RICs) available 

at structure fires? 

Never (26.7, 32.1) (8.5, 16.8) (30.7, 41.0) (34

Some of the time (19.5, 24.3) (16.6, 27.0) (16.8, 25.3) (19About half the time (5.2, 8.0) (3.0, 8.6) (4.5, 9.9) (5.

Most of the time (20.2, 25.0) (19.1, 29.8) (18.1, 26.7) (15

Always (17.8, 22.1) (31.6, 43.7) (11.6, 18.5) (8.
Exhibit B-2b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Census Region (c

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

27. In what situations are RITs/RICs established? 

MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

When the building has more than one story/floor (7.8, 11.2) (6.3, 13.5) (7.2, 13.6) (6.

When there are enough firefighters on and at the scene 

of the fire 

(29.6, 35.1) (18.5, 29.1) (31.1, 41.2) (28

Whenever firefighters enter a burning building (23.9, 29.1) (23.3, 34.6) (20.7, 29.9) (18

Other (3.8, 6.3) (5.5, 12.6) (1.4, 4.8) (3

 Legitimately Skipped Question (46.4, 52.2) (43.5, 56.0) (45.3, 55.8) (45

28. What are the reasons why your fire department 

does not use RITs/RICs in every structure fire? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

The structure fire may not be large enough to need an 

RIT/RIC 

(32.1, 37.8) (22.3, 33.4) (29.1, 39.4) (36

We don’t have enough equipment, SCBAs, or turnout 

gear to establish an RIT/RIC 

(7.2, 10.8) (2.8, 8.3) (7.1, 13.9) (8.

We don’t have enough firefighters available at the 

scene of the fire 

(50.6, 56.5) (27.3, 39.2) (54.1, 64.5) (58

We don’t have enough training or trained personnel at 

the scene to establish an RIT/RIC 

(18.3, 23.2) (12.7, 22.4) (13.4, 21.7) (23

We have never established an RIT/RIC (15.5, 20.1) (7.7, 16.1) (14.9, 23.5) (21

We use other fire departments in the area for RITs/RICs (26.6, 32.0) (37.2, 49.6) (18.4, 27.5) (26

We use other safety practices and so we don’t need 

them 

(3.1, 5.7) (0.9, 4.9) (3.6, 9.2) (2

Other (3.1, 5.4) (1.3, 5.6) (1.7, 5.4) (2

 Legitimately Skipped Question (18.1, 22.6) (32.1, 44.2) (11.9, 18.8) (9.

29. Does your fire department have enough Personal 

Alert Safety System (PASS) devices for all firefighters for use when fighting structure fires? Yes (76.2, 81.1) (81.7, 90.5) (67.5, 77.3) (73

No (18.9, 23.8) (9.5, 18.3) (22.7, 32.5) (17

B-37 
Exhibit B-2b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Census Region (c

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

30. About how often do you think your firefighters 

wear their PASS devices when fighting structure fires? Never (4.9, 8.0) (0.1, 2.9) (6.7, 13.5) (3

Some of the time (2.9, 5.3) (0.7, 5.1) (2.2, 6.9) (4

About half the time (1.2, 2.8) (0.2, 2.8) (0.8, 4.2) (1

Most of the time (10.9, 15.0) (4.7, 11.1) (10.5, 18.0) (13Always (72.5, 77.6) (85.2, 92.8) (65.6, 75.5) (63

31. Why do you think your firefighters do not use 

their PASS devices more often? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. They don’t have a PASS device to use (11.2, 15.4) (3.7, 10.1) (13.5, 22.0) (10

Situation doesn’t require them (7.9, 11.4) (2.1, 7.0) (7.1, 13.8) (11

Firefighters think the devices do not always work 

reliably 

(0.1, 1.0) (0.1, 2.0) (**, **) (0

Firefighters don’t think they need them (3.5, 5.9) (2.3, 7.3) (2.5, 6.7) (3

Devices go off while firefighters are resting (2.7, 4.9) (1.1, 5.0) (1.3, 4.5) (4

 Legitimately Skipped Question (72.9, 78.0) (85.1, 92.8) (65.8, 75.7) (63

32. Does your department have Self Contained 

Breathing Apparatuses (SCBA) for your firefighters to use when combating structure fires? Yes (98.4, 99.6) (97.5, 99.9) (99.8, 

100.0) 

(98.

No (0.4, 1.6) (0.1, 2.5) (**, **) (0

33. Do your firefighters ever have to share facepieces 

for SCBAs? Yes (46.7, 52.7) (37.5, 50.5) (51.5, 62.0) (46

No (46.5, 52.5) (49.0, 61.9) (38.0, 48.5) (43

 Legitimately Skipped Question (0.4, 1.6) (0.1, 2.7) (**, **) (0

B-38 
Exhibit B-2b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Census Region (c

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

33a. What are the reasons why your fire department 

does not have personally-fitted SCBA facepieces for all of your firefighters? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Didn’t know it was recommended (3.5, 6.3) (1.2, 6.9) (4.1, 9.6) (2

Firefighters don’t like using the equipment (0.1, 0.9) (**, **) (**, **) (0

Have never needed them (e.g., we don’t do interior 

attacks) 

(0.3, 1.5) (0.1, 3.0) (0.3, 3.4) (0

They cost too much, there is not enough money in the 

budget 

(29.0, 34.7) (20.0, 31.6) (32.7, 43.2) (27

We don’t have enough equipment for all of our 

firefighters 

(22.0, 27.3) (11.5, 21.0) (21.7, 31.3) (25

Shared systems work fine for our needs (20.9, 26.2) (15.3, 26.1) (21.7, 31.5) (20

Other (3.8, 6.5) (4.6, 11.3) (3.0, 7.5) (2

 Legitimately Skipped Question (47.4, 53.3) (49.7, 62.7) (38.1, 48.6) (43

34. About how often do you think your firefighters 

use SCBAs while fighting structure fires? Never (0.6, 2.2) (**, **) (0.6, 4.2) (0

Some of the time (3.6, 6.2) (0.2, 3.4) (3.9, 9.4) (4

About half the time (1.8, 3.9) (**, **) (1.3, 5.0) (3Most of the time (22.0, 27.2) (17.4, 28.3) (21.1, 30.7) (22Always (63.3, 68.9) (70.2, 81.3) (58.7, 69.1) (54

 Legitimately Skipped Question (0.4, 1.6) (0.1, 2.7) (**, **) (0

B-39 
Exhibit B-2b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Census Region (c

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

35. Why do you think your firefighters do not use 

SCBAs more often when fighting structure fires? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Situation doesn’t require them (23.3, 28.6) (13.4, 23.6) (23.2, 33.2) (27

Firefighters do not trust that the SCBAs will work 

reliably 

(**, **) (**, **) (**, **) (0

Firefighters don’t think they need them (8.6, 12.3) (5.4, 12.8) (8.3, 15.4) (9.

Firefighters don’t like sharing facepieces with others (0.5, 1.8) (**, **) (0.3, 2.9) (0

Firefighters are concerned that the SCBA may be or 

become contaminated 

(**, **) (**, **) (0.0, 1.6) (*

Wearing SCBAs makes it more difficult to work (4.6, 7.5) (1.9, 6.8) (4.2, 9.7) (5.

Firefighters don’t have SCBAs to use (2.8, 5.4) (0.9, 5.1) (1.8, 6.2) (3

 Legitimately Skipped Question (64.9, 70.5) (71.6, 82.6) (59.5, 69.9) (56

36. How often is routine maintenance performed on 

your SCBAs? After every time they are used (39.7, 46.3) (35.6, 50.0) (38.1, 49.6) (40

Once a month or more (16.5, 21.7) (22.2, 35.5) (13.8, 22.6) (12

Several times a year (12.8, 17.5) (7.9, 17.2) (10.7, 19.0) (13

Once a year (14.1, 19.1) (10.6, 21.1) (14.9, 24.0) (9.Less than once a year (3.1, 5.9) (0.3, 4.8) (2.3, 7.3) (3

Never. Maintenance has not been done on our SCBAs. (0.8, 2.5) (**, **) (0.2, 2.7) (0

Does not apply. My department does not have SCBAs. (**, **) (**, **) (**, **) (*

 Legitimately Skipped Question (0.5, 2.0) (0.2, 3.4) (**, **) (037. How many 

Chemical/Biological/Radiological/Nuclear (CBRN) SCBAs are available (or on order) for use by firefighters within your department at this time? Greater than zero (15.5, 19.8) (14.9, 25.0) (13.4, 21.0) (14

Zero (80.2, 84.5) (75.0, 85.1) (79.0, 86.6) (78

B-40 
Exhibit B-2b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Census Region (c

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

37a. What are the reasons why your fire department 

does not have CBRN SCBAs? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

CBRN SCBA devices are not needed in our department (18.5, 23.6) (13.5, 23.8) (16.0, 25.2) (18

We didn’t know they were available (12.9, 17.5) (9.6, 19.2) (11.1, 19.2) (12

We don’t have adequate technical information to 

purchase them 

(17.3, 22.3) (14.0, 24.7) (11.6, 19.8) (18

We don’t have adequate funding to purchase them (57.2, 63.2) (50.8, 64.0) (57.8, 68.5) (53

Other (3.7, 6.4) (2.4, 7.7) (2.9, 7.8) (2

 Legitimately Skipped Question (16.2, 20.6) (15.5, 26.0) (14.1, 22.0) (15

38. Does your fire department have Automated 

External Defibrillators (AEDs)? Yes (74.8, 79.9) (72.3, 83.1) (69.4, 78.9) (74

No (20.1, 25.2) (16.9, 27.7) (21.1, 30.6) (17

38a. At your fire department, where do you have 

AEDs? At the fire station(s) (1.9, 4.1) (1.5, 7.0) (1.6, 5.8) (1

On the emergency vehicles (or apparatus) (58.9, 64.9) (52.9, 66.2) (56.1, 66.8) (59

Both at the fire station(s) and on the vehicles (or 

apparatus) 

(8.7, 12.3) (8.7, 17.4) (5.5, 11.7) (6.

 Legitimately Skipped Question (22.2, 27.7) (19.1, 31.0) (22.6, 32.5) (19

39. How often has routine maintenance, including 

replacement of battery packs, been performed on your AEDs? After every time they are used (11.7, 16.4) (10.2, 20.4) (11.0, 19.7) (8.

Once a month or more (22.6, 28.5) (18.9, 31.4) (17.4, 27.5) (23

Several times a year (18.0, 23.4) (15.1, 26.9) (14.9, 24.0) (15Once a year (19.6, 25.3) (17.5, 29.8) (20.0, 30.3) (16

Less frequently than once a year (5.8, 9.5) (2.9, 9.5) (4.7, 11.3) (6.

Never. Maintenance on our AEDs has not been done. (8.4, 12.8) (7.8, 17.9) (8.3, 16.8) (6.

B-41 
B-42 Exhibit B-2b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Census Region (c

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

40. About how often do your firefighters carry radios 

or other two-way communication devices while responding to structure fires? Never (1.0, 2.6) (1.4, 5.9) (0.2, 2.6) (0

Some of the time (3.6, 6.1) (4.8, 11.7) (0.6, 3.6) (4

About half the time (1.8, 3.8) (0.4, 3.6) (1.7, 5.9) (1

Most of the time (18.3, 23.1) (17.3, 27.9) (14.0, 22.1) (20

Always (67.7, 73.0) (60.0, 71.9) (72.1, 81.1) (59

41. Some radios and other two-way communication 

devices can have problems under field conditions, 

such as bleed-over, interference, or loss of communication. About how often do your communication devices have these or other problems? Never (15.9, 20.4) (11.1, 20.1) (14.2, 22.2) (16

Some of the time (61.6, 67.3) (62.3, 74.1) (58.3, 68.5) (58About half the time (8.6, 12.2) (7.1, 15.1) (7.0, 13.5) (7.

Most of the time (4.2, 6.9) (1.9, 6.5) (4.6, 10.3) (3

Always (1.1, 2.9) (1.1, 5.9) (0.8, 4.2) (0
Exhibit B-2b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Census Region (c

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

42. How would you rate your department’s budget in 

the following areas? 

42a. Equipment 

Not adequate (45.7, 51.6) (34.2, 46.6) (43.8, 54.3) (48

Adequate (42.8, 48.6) (45.5, 58.2) (39.8, 50.3) (37

More than adequate 

42b. Training 

(4.5, 7.2) (5.0, 12.2) (4.0, 8.9) (2

Not adequate (36.3, 42.0) (22.1, 32.9) (34.0, 44.3) (39

Adequate (52.7, 58.6) (58.4, 70.4) (50.0, 60.6) (46

More than adequate 

42c. Personnel 

(4.0, 6.8) (5.1, 12.9) (3.6, 8.6) (2

Not adequate (48.5, 54.5) (37.8, 50.8) (49.2, 60.1) (42

Adequate (41.3, 47.3) (44.6, 57.8) (34.8, 45.5) (43

More than adequate (3.1, 5.7) (2.3, 8.8) (3.2, 8.4) (2

43. How often have you seen NIOSH reports that 

describe recent firefighter fatalities and make recommendations for avoiding similar incidents? Please refer to the insert sheet included with this survey for examples of NIOSH firefighter safety reports. Never (24.2, 29.5) (16.8, 27.4) (25.5, 35.4) (24

One or two times per year (31.6, 37.2) (25.8, 37.4) (30.0, 40.1) (33

Several times per year (30.5, 35.9) (34.8, 47.3) (24.9, 34.2) (24

Once a month or more (4.5, 7.2) (3.7, 10.1) (3.7, 8.5) (2

B-43 
B-44 Exhibit B-2b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Census Region (c

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

44. How does your department receive the NIOSH 

Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation reports? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. By mail (53.1, 58.9) (52.4, 64.8) (47.3, 57.9) (52

On the Internet (22.4, 27.1) (22.5, 33.6) (18.5, 26.8) (18

From colleagues in other departments (8.3, 11.8) (9.0, 17.4) (8.7, 15.7) (4

At conferences or other meetings (5.7, 8.5) (4.1, 10.1) (4.8, 10.1) (4

 Legitimately Skipped Question (24.2, 29.5) (16.7, 27.4) (25.3, 35.2) (24

45. Have you read part or all of a NIOSH Fire Fighter 

Fatality Investigation report in the last 12 months? Yes (50.4, 56.2) (51.3, 63.9) (44.6, 55.0) (45

No (17.8, 22.5) (15.9, 26.0) (16.4, 25.2) (16

 Legitimately Skipped Question (24.1, 29.4) (16.9, 27.6) (25.1, 34.9) (24

50. Does the fire department disseminate the 

information it receives from NIOSH to the firefighters? Yes (57.7, 63.5) (57.7, 70.0) (53.1, 63.7) (54

No (10.2, 14.1) (10.2, 19.0) (8.0, 14.7) (8.

 Legitimately Skipped Question (24.7, 30.0) (17.0, 27.8) (25.8, 35.9) (25
Exhibit B-2b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Census Region (c

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

50a. How is this information disseminated to 

firefighters? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Regular staff meetings (21.1, 26.1) (19.0, 30.1) (19.8, 28.9) (21

Training sessions (41.3, 47.2) (37.8, 50.5) (41.9, 52.4) (34

Provide copies of NIOSH reports to firefighters (14.2, 18.3) (13.1, 22.8) (10.1, 16.7) (14

Provide copies of NIOSH report summaries to 

firefighters 

(5.0, 7.7) (4.4, 11.0) (3.4, 8.0) (4

Provide summaries prepared by department to 

firefighters 

(1.2, 2.7) (0.8, 4.4) (1.2, 4.4) (0

Postings on bulletin boards (35.6, 41.3) (45.7, 58.5) (27.5, 37.2) (32

Post report on the department website (0.7, 1.8) (0.7, 4.3) (0.4, 2.3) (0

Send message to firefighters by email (4.3, 6.5) (1.5, 5.9) (3.3, 7.1) (2

Other (0.8, 2.0) (0.2, 2.5) (0.7, 3.5) (0

 Legitimately Skipped Question (36.2, 42.0) (30.1, 42.5) (36.0, 46.4) (35

51. The NIOSH reports sometimes reference other 

documents, such as guidelines or more detailed technical reports. Does your fire department usually have access to documents that are referenced in NIOSH reports? Yes (31.6, 36.9) (34.8, 47.1) (27.8, 37.4) (28

No (35.5, 41.3) (31.3, 43.8) (31.5, 41.9) (32

 Legitimately Skipped Question (24.8, 30.2) (16.9, 27.7) (26.2, 36.3) (25

B-45 
Exhibit B-2b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Census Region (c

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

52. NIOSH reports always include recommendations 

that are designed to help improve the health and safety of firefighters. How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about the NIOSH recommendations: 

52a. Recommendations are practical 

Strongly Disagree (0.2, 1.1) (**, **) (0.2, 2.8) (0Disagree (2.6, 4.8) (2.6, 8.2) (1.6, 5.5) (1

Neither Agree nor Disagree (16.5, 21.2) (11.0, 20.0) (13.2, 21.6) (17

Agree (42.7, 48.6) (46.1, 58.8) (39.4, 50.0) (37Strongly Agree (2.7, 5.0) (3.4, 9.9) (1.8, 5.4) (1

 Legitimately Skipped Question 52b. Recommendations are easy to understand 

(25.3, 30.8) (17.0, 27.7) (26.7, 36.9) (25

Strongly Disagree (0.2, 1.0) (**, **) (0.2, 2.8) (*

Disagree (1.1, 2.6) (0.7, 4.4) (0.8, 3.7) (0

Neither Agree nor Disagree (17.5, 22.3) (14.0, 23.7) (13.9, 22.5) (17

Agree (42.4, 48.4) (43.9, 56.6) (39.0, 49.7) (36Strongly Agree (3.5, 6.1) (4.8, 12.0) (2.1, 6.0) (2

 Legitimately Skipped Question 52c. Recommendations are specific and concrete 

(25.4, 30.9) (17.0, 27.7) (26.9, 37.2) (26

Strongly Disagree (0.2, 1.0) (0.0, 0.8) (0.2, 2.7) (*

Disagree (2.3, 4.4) (1.5, 6.2) (1.4, 4.9) (2

Neither Agree nor Disagree (24.0, 29.4) (21.8, 33.0) (19.5, 28.8) (24

Agree (35.0, 40.8) (36.6, 49.2) (32.1, 42.3) (29Strongly Agree (2.8, 5.2) (2.8, 8.7) (2.6, 6.7) (1

 Legitimately Skipped Question (25.4, 30.8) (17.0, 27.8) (26.7, 36.9) (26

B-46 
Exhibit B-2b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Census Region (c

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

53. What other NIOSH materials have you seen? 

MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Pocket guide to chemical hazards (54.4, 60.4) (60.4, 72.7) (46.9, 57.7) (49

Respirator maintenance program guide (11.9, 15.9) (12.8, 22.2) (9.9, 17.0) (10

CDs of firefighter program materials (25.4, 30.7) (25.6, 37.5) (21.9, 31.3) (23

Alerts (29.1, 34.5) (32.7, 45.2) (25.3, 34.7) (23

Hazard IDs (14.5, 19.0) (15.1, 25.5) (10.7, 18.3) (13

Workplace Solutions (10.7, 14.6) (11.1, 20.5) (8.3, 15.1) (7.

Other (0.4, 1.4) (**, **) (0.3, 2.5) (0

None. I have not seen any NIOSH materials. (22.6, 27.9) (13.7, 23.9) (23.5, 33.5) (23

53a. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with these 

NIOSH materials? Very dissatisfied (0.8, 2.2) (1.1, 6.1) (0.1, 1.2) (0

Dissatisfied (0.0, 0.7) (0.1, 3.0) (**, **) (0

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied (18.8, 23.8) (16.1, 26.6) (14.1, 22.6) (18

Satisfied (44.1, 50.1) (46.6, 59.5) (42.7, 53.5) (38

Very satisfied (4.0, 6.7) (2.8, 8.4) (3.2, 8.1) (3

 Legitimately Skipped Question (22.4, 27.7) (13.6, 23.7) (23.7, 33.7) (23

54. Have you ever visited the NIOSH website at 

www.cdc.gov/niosh/firehome.html? No (56.5, 62.2) (50.0, 62.4) (52.6, 63.0) (59

Yes, in the last year (31.9, 37.3) (31.8, 43.9) (29.4, 39.3) (27

Yes, longer than one year ago (4.9, 7.6) (3.7, 9.6) (5.6, 11.2) (2

Note: Estimates are generated from the 2006 Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation, Fire DepEstimates within each column from the “Mark all that Apply” questions will not sum to 100. Estimates within each column from the oth

sum to 100 due to rounding. 

The digits in square brackets beside an estimate [#] indicate the estimate is significantly different at the 95% confidence level from th

in column #. A plus sign within the square brackets [+] indicates the estimate has low precision. 

** Estimate is less than 0.1 and therefore rounds to zero. 

B-47 
B-48 Exhibit B-2c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Census Region 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

1. Does your department have a Safety Officer? Yes No 

1,587 

1,587 

325 

325 

514 

514 

2. Does your department have a Training Officer? Yes No 

1,600 

1,600 

330 

330 

517 

517 

3. Some fire departments use Standard Operating 

Procedures (SOPs) or Standard Operating Guidelines (SOGs) to describe how certain situations should be approached. For which of the following does your department have SOPs/SOGs in place? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Incident Command Systems 1,600 330 521 

Maintenance of SCBAs 1,600 330 521 

Motor vehicle safety 1,600 330 521 

Participation in a personal physical fitness program 1,600 330 521 Participation in regular health screenings for 

cardiovascular disease (CVD) 

1,600 330 521 

Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs), also known as Rapid 

Intervention Crews (RICs) or Firefighter Assistance and Search Teams (FAST) 

1,600 330 521 

Use of Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) devices 1,600 330 521 

Use of personal protective equipment and protective 

clothing 

1,600 330 521 

Use of radio communications 1,600 330 521 

Other 

1,600 330 521 

Does not apply. Our fire department does not use 

SOPs/SOGs. 

1,600 330 521 
Exhibit B-2c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

4. Do your firefighters receive training on any of the 

topics listed below? If so, is training optional or required? 

4a. Fighting structure fires No Training 1,607 333 520  Optional Training 1,607 333 520  Required Training 4b. Driving safety 

1,607 333 520 

 No Training 1,598 332 521  Optional Training 1,598 332 521  Required Training 4c. Incident Command systems 

1,598 332 521 

 No Training 1,584 330 512  Optional Training 1,584 330 512  Required Training 4d. Maintenance of Self-Contained Breathing 

Apparatuses (SCBAs) 

1,584 330 512 

 No Training 1,581 330 506  Optional Training 1,581 330 506  Required Training 4e. Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) 

1,581 330 506 

 No Training 1,511 321 485  Optional Training 1,511 321 485  Required Training 1,511 321 485 

B-49 
Exhibit B-2c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

4f. Use of personal protective equipment and/or 

protective clothing 

 No Training 1,611 333 522  Optional Training 1,611 333 522  Required Training 4g. Use of radio communication devices

1,611 333 522 

 No Training 1,606 333 520  Optional Training 1,606 333 520  Required Training 1,606 333 520 

5. Who provides training to your firefighters? MARK 

ALL THAT APPLY. Our department’s Training Officer 1,611 333 521 

Other officers within our department 1,611 333 521 

State fire training agency 1,611 333 521 

United States Fire Administration’s (USFA) National Fire 

Academy in Emmitsburg, MD 

1,611 333 521 

Conferences or regional meetings 1,611 333 521 

Other 

1,611 333 521 

6. What other trainings have your firefighters 

attended in the last 12 months? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Roadside incidents/Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVA) 1,622 333 525 

 Scuba diving 1,622 333 525 

Swift water rescue 1,622 333 525 

 Wildland fire fighting 1,622 333 525 

 HAZMAT 1,622 333 525 

Other 

1,622 333 525 

B-50 
Exhibit B-2c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

8. How familiar are you with the National Institute 

for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)? Not at all familiar 1,610 332 524 Not very familiar 1,610 332 524 

 Somewhat familiar 1,610 332 524  Very familiar 1,610 332 524 

9. How familiar are you with NIOSH’s Fire Fighter 

Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP)? Not at all familiar 1,611 331 522 Not very familiar 1,611 331 522 

 Somewhat familiar 1,611 331 522  Very familiar 1,611 331 522 

10. How does your department receive information 

about NIOSH’s firefighter safety and health recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

 NIOSH mailings 1,609 331 522 

National conference presentations 1,609 331 522 State-level conference presentations 1,609 331 522 Other firefighters or departments 1,609 331 522 

At seminars or other training opportunities (not 

conferences) 

1,609 331 522 

Trade publications (such as Firehouse and Fire 

Engineering) 

1,609 331 522 

 NIOSH website 1,609 331 522 

Links from other websites (such as NFPA and Firehouse) 1,609 331 522 

Media reports—newspaper, television, radio 1,609 331 522 

Other 

1,609 331 522 

Does not apply. We have not received information 

about NIOSH recommendations. 

1,609 331 522 

B-51 
B-52 Exhibit B-2c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

11. In what ways has your department used NIOSH 

recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Made changes to training program 1,536 316 496 

Developed new SOPs/SOGs 1,536 316 496 Made changes to SOPs/SOGs 1,536 316 496 

Justified current budget/staffing 1,536 316 496 Made new budget/staffing requests 1,536 316 496 Justified grant applications 1,536 316 496 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH 

recommendations. 

1,536 316 496 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,536 316 496 

11b. Can you identify topics of NIOSH 

recommendations that you have used for training purposes? If so, MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

 Traffic hazards 1,530 314 494 

Personal protective equipment and clothing 1,530 314 494 

 SCBA 1,530 314 494 

 PASS systems 1,530 314 494 

Incident Command systems 1,530 314 494 

 Radio communications 1,530 314 494 

Physical fitness and cardiovascular disease (CVD) 1,530 314 494 Building code compliance (e.g., warning against the use 

of wooden trusses) 

1,530 314 494 

Other 

1,530 314 494 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH 

recommendations for training purposes. 

1,530 314 494 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,530 314 494 
Exhibit B-2c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

12. Does your department have a fitness training that 

involves physical exercise and/or other health promotion activities (for example a cardiovascular fitness program, physical training program, wellness program, or other fitness program)? 

No 

1,596 330 518 

Yes, it’s required 1,596 330 518 Yes, it’s optional 1,596 330 518 

13. How often do your firefighters receive screenings 

for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors? 

One time, when they first join the department 1,582 326 509 

Less frequently than once a year 1,582 326 509 One time a year 1,582 326 509 

More than one time a year 1,582 326 509 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive 

CVD screenings 

1,582 326 509 

14. Do all drivers of vehicles responding to emergency 

calls receive driver training before being allowed to operate the vehicles? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

No 

1,616 332 523 

Yes, they receive training required by the department 1,616 332 523 

Yes, they receive training required by the state 1,616 332 523 

Yes, they receive optional training 1,616 332 523 

15. How often do drivers of your fire department 

vehicles receive refresher driver training to continue being allowed to drive the vehicles? Two or more times a year 1,611 330 520 

Once every year 1,611 330 520 

Less frequently than once a year 1,611 330 520 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive 

continuing driver training. 

1,611 330 520 

B-53 
Exhibit B-2c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

16. Does your fire department have a requirement 

regarding seat belt use in emergency vehicles?

 Yes 1,613 331 523 No 

1,613 331 523 

17. To what extent do you agree or disagree that your 

firefighters are able to fit comfortably in their seatbelts while wearing turnout gear in your emergency vehicles? 

 Strongly disagree 1,603 331 518  Disagree 1,603 331 518 

Neither agree nor disagree 1,603 331 518 

 Agree 1,603 331 518  Strongly agree 1,603 331 518 18. About how often do you think your firefighters 

use their seatbelts when riding in the emergency vehicles?

 Never 1,616 331 523 

Some of the time 1,616 331 523 About half the time 1,616 331 523 Most of the time 1,616 331 523 

 Always 1,616 331 523 21. How often is Incident Command established when 

responding to structure fires? 

Never 

1,604 332 518 

 Rarely 1,604 332 518 

About half the time 1,604 332 518 Most of the time 1,604 332 518 

 Always 1,604 332 518 

B-54 
Exhibit B-2c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

22. What are the reasons why Incident Command is 

not always established by your fire department? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not usually big enough to require an Incident 

Commander 

1,600 332 518 

Not enough firefighters available at the scene of the fire 1,600 332 518 

Other 

1,600 332 518 

Does not apply. My department always assigns an 

Incident Commander for structure fires. 

1,600 332 518 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,600 332 518 

23. When Incident Command is established for a 

structure fire, what are the Incident Commander’s responsibilities? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Conduct an initial assessment before the other 

firefighters begin entering the building 

1,588 327 513 

Develop and coordinate the fire attack strategy 1,588 327 513 

Develop and initiate a risk management plan 1,588 327 513 Document all assessments, plans and events related to 

the fire 

1,588 327 513 

Ensure that at least four (4) firefighters are on the 

scene before entering the building 

1,588 327 513 

Establish a collapse zone around the building 1,588 327 513 Establish Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) or Rapid 

Intervention Crew (RIC) 

1,588 327 513 

Identify and implement a communication strategy 1,588 327 513 

Monitor location of all firefighters at the scene 1,588 327 513 

Other 

1,588 327 513 

B-55 
B-56 Exhibit B-2c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

24. About how often does an Incident Commander 

assign an Incident Safety Officer when responding to structure fires? 

Never 

1,605 331 517 

Some of the time 1,605 331 517 About half the time 1,605 331 517 Most of the time 1,605 331 517 

 Always 1,605 331 517 25. What are the reasons why an Incident 

Commander does not always assign an Incident Safety Officer? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not big enough to require an Incident Safety 

Officer 

1,588 322 516 

Not enough firefighters are available at the scene of the 

fire 

1,588 322 516 

Other 

1,588 322 516 

Does not apply. Our Incident Commanders always 

assign an Incident Safety Officer for structure fires. 

1,588 322 516 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,588 322 516 

26. How often are Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) 

or Rapid Intervention Crews (RICs) available 

at structure fires? 

Never 

1,602 331 518 

Some of the time 1,602 331 518 About half the time 1,602 331 518 Most of the time 1,602 331 518 

 Always 1,602 331 518 
Exhibit B-2c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

27. In what situations are RITs/RICs established? 

MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

When the building has more than one story/floor 1,600 330 517 

When there are enough firefighters on and at the scene 

of the fire 

1,600 330 517 

Whenever firefighters enter a burning building 1,600 330 517 

Other 

1,600 330 517 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,600 330 517 

28. What are the reasons why your fire department 

does not use RITs/RICs in every structure fire? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

The structure fire may not be large enough to need an 

RIT/RIC 

1,575 329 508 

We don’t have enough equipment, SCBAs, or turnout 

gear to establish an RIT/RIC 

1,575 329 508 

We don’t have enough firefighters available at the 

scene of the fire 

1,575 329 508 

We don’t have enough training or trained personnel at 

the scene to establish an RIT/RIC 

1,575 329 508 

We have never established an RIT/RIC 1,575 329 508 

We use other fire departments in the area for RITs/RICs 1,575 329 508 

We use other safety practices and so we don’t need 

them 

1,575 329 508 

Other 

1,575 329 508 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,575 329 508 

29. Does your fire department have enough Personal 

Alert Safety System (PASS) devices for all firefighters for use when fighting structure fires?

 Yes 1,606 330 520 No 

1,606 330 520 

B-57 
Exhibit B-2c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

30. About how often do you think your firefighters 

wear their PASS devices when fighting structure fires?

 Never 1,600 329 514 

Some of the time 1,600 329 514 About half the time 1,600 329 514 Most of the time 1,600 329 514 

 Always 1,600 329 514 31. Why do you think your firefighters do not use 

their PASS devices more often? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. They don’t have a PASS device to use 1,590 329 511 

Situation doesn’t require them 1,590 329 511 

Firefighters think the devices do not always work 

reliably 

1,590 329 511 

Firefighters don’t think they need them 1,590 329 511 

Devices go off while firefighters are resting 1,590 329 511 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,590 329 511 

32. Does your department have Self Contained 

Breathing Apparatuses (SCBA) for your firefighters to use when combating structure fires?

 Yes No 

1,606 

1,606 

330 

330 

522 

522 

33. Do your firefighters ever have to share facepieces 

for SCBAs?

 Yes 1,521 309 497 No 

1,521 309 497 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,521 309 497 

B-58 
Exhibit B-2c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

33a. What are the reasons why your fire department 

does not have personally-fitted SCBA facepieces for all of your firefighters? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Didn’t know it was recommended 1,517 310 494 

Firefighters don’t like using the equipment 1,517 310 494 

Have never needed them (e.g., we don’t do interior 

attacks) 

1,517 310 494 

They cost too much, there is not enough money in the 

budget 

1,517 310 494 

We don’t have enough equipment for all of our 

firefighters 

1,517 310 494 

Shared systems work fine for our needs 1,517 310 494 

Other 

1,517 310 494 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,517 310 494 

34. About how often do you think your firefighters 

use SCBAs while fighting structure fires? 

Never 

1,536 313 501 

Some of the time 1,536 313 501 About half the time 1,536 313 501 Most of the time 1,536 313 501 

 Always 1,536 313 501  Legitimately Skipped Question 1,536 313 501 

B-59 
Exhibit B-2c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

35. Why do you think your firefighters do not use 

SCBAs more often when fighting structure fires? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Situation doesn’t require them 1,525 311 497 

Firefighters do not trust that the SCBAs will work 

reliably 

1,525 311 497 

Firefighters don’t think they need them 1,525 311 497 

Firefighters don’t like sharing facepieces with others 1,525 311 497 

Firefighters are concerned that the SCBA may be or 

become contaminated 

1,525 311 497 

Wearing SCBAs makes it more difficult to work 1,525 311 497 

Firefighters don’t have SCBAs to use 1,525 311 497 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,525 311 497 

36. How often is routine maintenance performed on 

your SCBAs? After every time they are used 1,270 250 429 Once a month or more 1,270 250 429 

Several times a year 1,270 250 429 

Once a year 1,270 250 429 Less than once a year 1,270 250 429 

Never. Maintenance has not been done on our SCBAs. 1,270 250 429 

Does not apply. My department does not have SCBAs. 1,270 250 429 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,270 250 429 

37. How many 

Chemical/Biological/Radiological/Nuclear (CBRN) SCBAs are available (or on order) for use by firefighters within your department at this time?

 Greater than zero Zero 

1,518 

1,518 

317 

317 

491 

491 

B-60 
Exhibit B-2c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

37a. What are the reasons why your fire department 

does not have CBRN SCBAs? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

CBRN SCBA devices are not needed in our department 1,454 301 461 

We didn’t know they were available 1,454 301 461 

We don’t have adequate technical information to 

purchase them 

1,454 301 461 

We don’t have adequate funding to purchase them 1,454 301 461 

Other 

1,454 301 461 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,454 301 461 

38. Does your fire department have Automated 

External Defibrillators (AEDs)?

 Yes 1,610 330 521 No 

1,610 330 521 

38a. At your fire department, where do you have 

AEDs? At the fire station(s) 1,424 284 472 

On the emergency vehicles (or apparatus) 1,424 284 472 

Both at the fire station(s) and on the vehicles (or 

apparatus) 

1,424 284 472 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,424 284 472 

39. How often has routine maintenance, including 

replacement of battery packs, been performed on your AEDs? After every time they are used 1,235 258 411 Once a month or more 1,235 258 411 

Several times a year 1,235 258 411 

Once a year 1,235 258 411 Less frequently than once a year 1,235 258 411 

Never. Maintenance on our AEDs has not been done. 1,235 258 411 

B-61 
B-62 Exhibit B-2c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

40. About how often do your firefighters carry radios 

or other two-way communication devices while responding to structure fires? 

Never 

1,610 331 520 

Some of the time 1,610 331 520 About half the time 1,610 331 520 Most of the time 1,610 331 520 

 Always 1,610 331 520 41. Some radios and other two-way communication 

devices can have problems under field conditions, 

such as bleed-over, interference, or loss of communication. About how often do your communication devices have these or other problems? 

Never 

1,612 331 523 

Some of the time 1,612 331 523 About half the time 1,612 331 523 Most of the time 1,612 331 523 

 Always 1,612 331 523 
Exhibit B-2c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

42. How would you rate your department’s budget in 

the following areas? 

42a. Equipment  Not adequate 1,608 328 521  Adequate 1,608 328 521 

More than adequate 

42b. Training 

1,608 328 521 

 Not adequate 1,608 330 521  Adequate 1,608 330 521 

More than adequate 

42c. Personnel 

1,608 330 521 

 Not adequate 1,551 306 499  Adequate 1,551 306 499 

More than adequate 1,551 306 499 

43. How often have you seen NIOSH reports that 

describe recent firefighter fatalities and make recommendations for avoiding similar incidents? Please refer to the insert sheet included with this survey for examples of NIOSH firefighter safety reports. 

Never 

1,605 329 517 

One or two times per year 1,605 329 517 

Several times per year 1,605 329 517 

Once a month or more 1,605 329 517 

B-63 
B-64 Exhibit B-2c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

44. How does your department receive the NIOSH 

Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation reports? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

 By mail 1,605 328 521 

On the Internet 1,605 328 521 From colleagues in other departments 1,605 328 521 

At conferences or other meetings 1,605 328 521 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,605 328 521 

45. Have you read part or all of a NIOSH Fire Fighter 

Fatality Investigation report in the last 12 months? 

Yes 

1,611 328 524 

No 

1,611 328 524 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,611 328 524 

50. Does the fire department disseminate the 

information it receives from NIOSH to the firefighters?

 Yes 1,583 324 512 No 

1,583 324 512 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,583 324 512 
Exhibit B-2c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

50a. How is this information disseminated to 

firefighters? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Regular staff meetings 1,585 321 515 

 Training sessions 1,585 321 515 

Provide copies of NIOSH reports to firefighters 1,585 321 515 

Provide copies of NIOSH report summaries to 

firefighters 

1,585 321 515 

Provide summaries prepared by department to 

firefighters 

1,585 321 515 

Postings on bulletin boards 1,585 321 515 Post report on the department website 1,585 321 515 Send message to firefighters by email 1,585 321 515 

Other 

1,585 321 515 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,585 321 515 

51. The NIOSH reports sometimes reference other 

documents, such as guidelines or more detailed technical reports. Does your fire department usually have access to documents that are referenced in NIOSH reports? 

Yes 

1,564 322 504 

No 

1,564 322 504 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,564 322 504 

B-65 
Exhibit B-2c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

52. NIOSH reports always include recommendations 

that are designed to help improve the health and safety of firefighters. How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about the NIOSH recommendations: 

52a. Recommendations are practical  Strongly Disagree 1,547 323 500  Disagree 1,547 323 500 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 1,547 323 500 

 Agree 1,547 323 500  Strongly Agree 1,547 323 500  Legitimately Skipped Question 52b. Recommendations are easy to understand 

1,547 323 500 

 Strongly Disagree 1,537 323 492  Disagree 1,537 323 492 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 1,537 323 492 

 Agree 1,537 323 492  Strongly Agree 1,537 323 492  Legitimately Skipped Question 52c. Recommendations are specific and concrete 

1,537 323 492 

 Strongly Disagree 1,537 321 496  Disagree 1,537 321 496 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 1,537 321 496 

 Agree 1,537 321 496  Strongly Agree 1,537 321 496  Legitimately Skipped Question 1,537 321 496 

B-66 
Exhibit B-2c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Census Region (continued) 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South M

53. What other NIOSH materials have you seen? 

MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Pocket guide to chemical hazards 1,537 317 498 Respirator maintenance program guide 1,537 317 498 

CDs of firefighter program materials 1,537 317 498 

 Alerts 1,537 317 498  Hazard IDs 1,537 317 498  Workplace Solutions 1,537 317 498 Other 

1,537 317 498 

None. I have not seen any NIOSH materials. 1,537 317 498 

53a. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with these 

NIOSH materials? 

 Very dissatisfied 1,536 320 491 

 Dissatisfied 1,536 320 491 

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied 1,536 320 491 

 Satisfied 1,536 320 491  Very satisfied 1,536 320 491  Legitimately Skipped Question 1,536 320 491 

54. Have you ever visited the NIOSH website at 

www.cdc.gov/niosh/firehome.html? 

No 

1,589 330 510 

Yes, in the last year 1,589 330 510 

Yes, longer than one year ago 1,589 330 510 

Note: Estimates are generated from the 2006 Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation, Fire DepEstimates within each column from the “Mark all that Apply” questions will not sum to 100. Estimates within each column from the oth

sum to 100 due to rounding. 

The digits in square brackets beside an estimate [#] indicate the estimate is significantly different at the 95% confidence level from th

in column #. A plus sign within the square brackets [+] indicates the estimate has low precision. 

** Estimate is less than 0.1 and therefore rounds to zero. 

B-67 
B-68 Exhibit B-3a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Type 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Urb

1. Does your department have a Safety Officer? Yes No 

70.3 29.7 

69.8 30.2 

72.0 28.0 

2. Does your department have a Training Officer? Yes No 

88.5 11.5 

88.9 11.1 

90.1 

9.9 

3. Some fire departments use Standard Operating Procedures 

(SOPs) or Standard Operating Guidelines (SOGs) to describe how certain situations should be approached. For which of the following does your department have SOPs/SOGs in place? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Incident Command Systems 83.7 82.5 [2] 93.0 

Maintenance of SCBAs 69.7 67.1 [2] 79.1 

Motor vehicle safety 78.8 78.3 [2] 83.8 Participation in a personal physical fitness program 11.0 8.4 [2] 27.6 

Participation in regular health screenings for cardiovascular disease 

(CVD) 

16.8 15.2 [2] 29.6 

Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs), also known as Rapid Intervention 

Crews (RICs) or Firefighter Assistance and Search Teams (FAST) 

40.4 36.6 [2,3] 68.9 

Use of Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) devices 75.4 74.6 [2] 85.4 

Use of personal protective equipment and protective clothing 89.1 89.1 91.4 Use of radio communications 84.8 83.7 87.5 

Other 

8.7 7.7 [2] 14.2 

Does not apply. Our fire department does not use SOPs/SOGs. 5.0 5.2 [2] 2.2 
Exhibit B-3a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Type (continued

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Urb

4. Do your firefighters receive training on any of the topics listed 

below? If so, is training optional or required? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

4a. Fighting structure fires No Training 1.1 1.0 0.2 

 Optional Training 16.7 18.2 [2] 6.7  Required Training 4b. Driving safety 

82.8 81.7 [2] 93.4 

 No Training 3.9 4.0 [2] 1.2  Optional Training 18.6 18.8 [2] 10.8  Required Training 4c. Incident Command systems 

77.7 77.5 [2,3] 88.2 

 No Training 2.9 3.1 [2] ** [1,3,+ Optional Training 27.4 28.3 [2,3] 9.7  Required Training 4d. Maintenance of Self-Contained Breathing Apparatuses (SCBAs) 

69.9 68.8 [2,3] 90.2 

 No Training 6.6 6.8 [2] 2.6  Optional Training 33.6 35.8 [2] 20.9  Required Training 4e. Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) 

60.3 57.9 [2] 76.7 

 No Training 28.5 31.2 [2] 7.9  Optional Training 36.2 37.9 32.2  Required Training 35.5 31.0 [2] 60.6 

B-69 
B-70 Exhibit B-3a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Type (continued

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Urb

4f. Use of personal protective equipment and/or protective 

clothing 

 No Training 1.5 1.4 1.6 

 Optional Training 9.9 9.7 [2] 4.8  Required Training 4g. Use of radio communication devices

88.9 89.3 [2] 93.8 

 No Training 2.7 2.7 1.6 

 Optional Training 21.4 20.5 [2,3] 14.8 

 Required Training 76.2 77.0 [2,3] 83.8 5. Who provides training to your firefighters? MARK ALL THAT 

APPLY. Our department’s Training Officer 84.9 85.1 88.6 

Other officers within our department 82.8 82.8 [2] 91.0 

State fire training agency 77.4 78.1 80.9 

United States Fire Administration’s (USFA) National Fire Academy in 

Emmitsburg, MD 

20.9 19.3 [2,3] 40.8 

Conferences or regional meetings 51.7 50.7 [2,3] 67.9 

 Other 25.2 23.7 [2] 36.3 6. What other trainings have your firefighters attended in the last 

12 months? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Roadside incidents/Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVA) 55.3 58.1 [3] 55.7 

 Scuba diving 7.5 6.6 [2] 12.7 

Swift water rescue 11.2 10.0 [2,3] 22.7 

 Wildland fire fighting 47.0 52.2 [2] 23.8  HAZMAT 66.7 65.9 [2,3] 83.7  Other 31.2 28.9 [2] 41.8 
Exhibit B-3a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Type (continued

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Urb

8. How familiar are you with the National Institute for 

Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)? Not at all familiar 8.3 9.1 [2] 2.8 

Not very familiar 24.3 25.4 [2] 13.5 

 Somewhat familiar 58.1 57.8 63.6  Very familiar 9.3 7.7 [2] 20.1 9. How familiar are you with NIOSH’s Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP)? Not at all familiar 20.8 22.1 [2] 9.6 

Not very familiar 33.5 34.4 [2] 24.5 

 Somewhat familiar 37.9 37.0 [2] 49.5  Very familiar 7.8 6.6 [2] 16.4 10. How does your department receive information about NIOSH’s 

firefighter safety and health recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 NIOSH mailings 67.8 71.0 [3] 67.6 

National conference presentations 3.6 2.8 [2] 9.9 State-level conference presentations 11.5 9.8 [2] 16.3 

Other firefighters or departments 22.9 22.4 22.1 

At seminars or other training opportunities (not conferences) 16.4 16.6 19.8 

Trade publications (such as Firehouse and Fire Engineering) 47.2 45.9 [2] 56.7 

 NIOSH website 24.3 21.8 [2] 42.0 

Links from other websites (such as NFPA and Firehouse) 28.2 28.9 [2,3] 36.8 Media reports—newspaper, television, radio 14.9 14.6 17.4 

Other 

1.1 1.0 [3] 2.8 

Does not apply. We have not received information about NIOSH 

recommendations. 

11.1 9.9 [3] 6.7 

B-71 
B-72 Exhibit B-3a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Type (continued

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Urb

11. In what ways has your department used NIOSH 

recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Made changes to training program 40.2 40.5 [2,3] 53.3 

Developed new SOPs/SOGs 26.3 25.1 [2] 38.1 Made changes to SOPs/SOGs 34.9 34.8 [2,3] 48.3 Justified current budget/staffing 5.0 3.6 [2] 12.1 Made new budget/staffing requests 5.5 4.8 [2,3] 11.8 Justified grant applications 15.5 15.7 20.5 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations. 30.1 30.8 [2] 19.7 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 11.7 10.6 [3] 6.8 11b. Can you identify topics of NIOSH recommendations that you 

have used for training purposes? If so, MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

 Traffic hazards 29.3 30.3 32.5 

Personal protective equipment and clothing 41.6 41.0 [2] 52.6 

 SCBA 40.1 40.0 [2,3] 54.4  PASS systems 32.6 31.1 [2] 45.3 

Incident Command systems 32.1 30.8 [2] 44.5 

 Radio communications 23.0 22.3 [2] 32.1 

Physical fitness and cardiovascular disease (CVD) 8.5 7.5 [2] 16.2 Building code compliance (e.g., warning against the use of wooden 

trusses) 

6.9 7.3 7.6 

Other 

2.3 1.6 [2] 5.7 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations for 

training purposes. 

1.9 2.0 2.2 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 41.9 41.5 [2,3] 26.6 
Exhibit B-3a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Type (continued

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Urb

12. Does your department have a fitness training that involves 

physical exercise and/or other health promotion activities (for example a cardiovascular fitness program, physical training program, wellness program, or other fitness program)? 

No 

78.5 83.6 [2] 46.7 

Yes, it’s required 7.0 4.7 [2] 18.4 Yes, it’s optional 14.5 11.7 [2,3] 34.8 

13. How often do your firefighters receive screenings for 

cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors? 

One time, when they first join the department 14.5 12.8 [2] 26.9 

Less frequently than once a year 7.1 7.7 [3] 8.6 One time a year 17.1 14.6 [2] 33.1 More than one time a year 0.3 0.2 [+] 0.8 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive CVD screenings 60.9 64.7 [2,3] 30.6 

14. Do all drivers of vehicles responding to emergency calls receive 

driver training before being allowed to operate the vehicles? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 No 6.4 6.9 [2] 3.2 

Yes, they receive training required by the department 84.0 82.3 [2] 90.2 Yes, they receive training required by the state 25.7 25.6 [2] 32.0 

Yes, they receive optional training 13.8 13.3 13.2 

15. How often do drivers of your fire department vehicles receive 

refresher driver training to continue being allowed to drive the vehicles? Two or more times a year 14.2 14.3 11.0 

Once every year 40.3 38.1 [2] 48.1 

Less frequently than once a year 24.8 25.8 25.0 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive continuing 

driver training. 

20.7 21.8 [2] 15.9 

B-73 
B-74 Exhibit B-3a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Type (continued

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Urb

16. Does your fire department have a requirement regarding seat 

belt use in emergency vehicles?

 Yes 84.2 83.0 [2] 89.8 

No 

15.8 17.0 [2] 10.2 

17. To what extent do you agree or disagree that your firefighters 

are able to fit comfortably in their seatbelts while wearing 

turnout gear in your emergency vehicles? 

 Strongly disagree 6.9 7.5 7.2 

 Disagree 18.0 17.9 17.5 

Neither agree nor disagree 30.8 31.4 [2] 22.5 

 Agree 32.1 31.0 [2] 38.3 

 Strongly agree 12.2 12.1 14.6 18. About how often do you think your firefighters use their 

seatbelts when riding in the emergency vehicles? 

Never 

5.4 6.3 [2] 2.8 

Some of the time 22.7 22.2 24.1 About half the time 17.0 16.6 14.2 Most of the time 38.4 38.6 36.1 

Always 

16.5 16.3 [2] 22.8 

21. How often is Incident Command established when responding 

to structure fires? 

Never 

2.3 2.1 [2] 0.3 

 Rarely 6.8 8.1 [2] 1.3 

About half the time 6.7 7.9 [2] 2.3 

Most of the time 27.6 28.5 [2] 18.1 

 Always 56.6 53.4 [2] 77.9 
Exhibit B-3a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Type (continued

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Urb

22. What are the reasons why Incident Command is not always 

established by your fire department? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not usually big enough to require an Incident Commander 22.5 24.9 [2] 7.8 

Not enough firefighters available at the scene of the fire 21.2 23.5 [2] 8.1 

 Other 6.2 6.3 7.7 

Does not apply. My department always assigns an Incident 

Commander for structure fires. 

3.6 3.6 1.8 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 56.6 53.4 [2] 78.4 

23. When Incident Command is established for a structure fire, 

what are the Incident Commander’s responsibilities? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Conduct an initial assessment before the other firefighters begin 

entering the building 

91.0 91.7 91.8 

Develop and coordinate the fire attack strategy 93.1 92.2 [2] 95.8 

Develop and initiate a risk management plan 52.3 50.4 [2] 64.0 

Document all assessments, plans and events related to the fire 38.8 39.4 [3] 45.0 Ensure that at least four (4) firefighters are on the scene before 

entering the building 

68.6 67.8 71.2 

Establish a collapse zone around the building 49.1 48.4 [2] 58.3 

Establish Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) or Rapid Intervention Crew 

(RIC) 

48.5 43.6 [2] 77.7 

Identify and implement a communication strategy 64.7 62.9 65.5 

Monitor location of all firefighters at the scene 76.2 75.7 80.6 

Other 

9.1 9.4 10.6 

B-75 
B-76 Exhibit B-3a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Type (continued

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Urb

24. About how often does an Incident Commander assign an 

Incident Safety Officer when responding to structure fires?

 Never 13.3 14.2 [2] 7.5 

Some of the time 26.5 27.5 23.8 About half the time 8.1 8.6 5.8 

Most of the time 29.8 29.0 35.3 

Always 

22.3 20.7 [2] 27.6 

25. What are the reasons why an Incident Commander does not 

always assign an Incident Safety Officer? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not big enough to require an Incident Safety Officer 32.3 33.3 [2] 26.5 Not enough firefighters are available at the scene of the fire 51.7 54.2 [2] 42.4 

Other 

13.1 11.4 [2] 22.8 

Does not apply. Our Incident Commanders always assign an Incident 

Safety Officer for structure fires. 

2.1 2.2 1.5 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 22.6 21.0 [2] 28.1 

26. How often are Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) or Rapid 

Intervention Crews (RICs) available at structure fires?

 Never 29.4 30.3 [2,3] 9.2 

Some of the time 21.8 24.8 [2] 14.5 

About half the time 6.5 7.3 5.3 Most of the time 22.5 22.2 26.4 

Always 

19.9 15.4 [2] 44.7 
Exhibit B-3a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Type (continued

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Urb

27. In what situations are RITs/RICs established? MARK ALL THAT 

APPLY. 

When the building has more than one story/floor 9.3 10.4 7.1 

When there are enough firefighters on and at the scene of the fire 32.3 34.9 [2] 28.0 

Whenever firefighters enter a burning building 26.4 28.3 22.5 

Other 

4.9 4.4 [2] 9.2 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 49.3 45.8 [2,3] 53.4 28. What are the reasons why your fire department does not use 

RITs/RICs in every structure fire? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

The structure fire may not be large enough to need an RIT/RIC 34.9 35.5 [2] 28.1 We don’t have enough equipment, SCBAs, or turnout gear to establish 

an RIT/RIC 

8.8 10.0 [2] 0.9 

We don’t have enough firefighters available at the scene of the fire 53.5 57.8 [2] 34.0 We don’t have enough training or trained personnel at the scene to 

establish an RIT/RIC 

20.7 23.2 [2] 8.5 

We have never established an RIT/RIC 17.7 19.0 [2] 5.9 

We use other fire departments in the area for RITs/RICs 29.2 31.9 [2] 22.1 

We use other safety practices and so we don’t need them 4.2 3.5 [2,3] 0.9 

 Other 4.1 4.3 5.1  Legitimately Skipped Question 20.3 15.8 [2] 44.7 29. Does your fire department have enough Personal Alert Safety 

System (PASS) devices for all firefighters for use when fighting structure fires? 

Yes 

78.8 78.7 [2,3] 98.3 

 No 21.2 21.3 [2,3] 1.7 

B-77 
B-78 Exhibit B-3a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Type (continued

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Urb

30. About how often do you think your firefighters wear their PASS 

devices when fighting structure fires? 

Never 

6.3 5.3 [2,3] ** [1,3,+

Some of the time 3.9 4.6 [2] 0.2 About half the time 1.8 2.1 [2] ** [1,+] Most of the time 12.8 14.8 [2] 3.7 

 Always 75.2 73.2 [2,3] 96.0 31. Why do you think your firefighters do not use their PASS 

devices more often? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. They don’t have a PASS device to use 13.1 12.4 [2,3] 0.7 

Situation doesn’t require them 9.5 11.5 [2] 1.4 

Firefighters think the devices do not always work reliably 0.3 0.3 [+] ** [+] 

Firefighters don’t think they need them 4.6 6.4 [2,3] 1.4 

Devices go off while firefighters are resting 3.7 4.9 [2,3] 0.8 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 75.5 73.7 [2,3] 96.1 32. Does your department have Self Contained Breathing 

Apparatuses (SCBA) for your firefighters to use when combating structure fires? 

Yes 

99.2 99.4 99.6 

No 

0.8 0.6 0.4 

33. Do your firefighters ever have to share facepieces for SCBAs? Yes 

49.7 52.5 [2] 27.4 

 No 49.5 46.9 [2] 72.2  Legitimately Skipped Question 0.8 0.6 0.5 
Exhibit B-3a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Type (continued

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Urb

33a. What are the reasons why your fire department does not have 

personally-fitted SCBA facepieces for all of your firefighters? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Didn’t know it was recommended 4.8 4.7 2.5 

Firefighters don’t like using the equipment 0.3 0.4 [+] ** 

Have never needed them (e.g., we don’t do interior attacks) 0.7 0.7 [2] ** [1] 

They cost too much, there is not enough money in the budget 31.8 33.7 [2] 15.6 We don’t have enough equipment for all of our firefighters 24.6 26.4 [2] 9.9 

Shared systems work fine for our needs 23.4 24.3 [2] 11.4 

 Other 5.0 5.3 5.3  Legitimately Skipped Question 50.3 47.8 [2] 72.7 34. About how often do you think your firefighters use SCBAs while 

fighting structure fires?

 Never 1.1 0.8 [2] ** [1,3] 

Some of the time 4.7 5.6 [2] ** [1,3] About half the time 2.7 2.9 [2] ** [1,3] Most of the time 24.5 25.6 [2] 13.5 

 Always 66.1 64.5 [2,3] 86.0  Legitimately Skipped Question 0.8 0.6 0.4 

B-79 
B-80 Exhibit B-3a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Type (continued

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Urb

35. Why do you think your firefighters do not use SCBAs more 

often when fighting structure fires? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Situation doesn’t require them 25.9 27.5 [2] 9.9 

Firefighters do not trust that the SCBAs will work reliably ** 0.1 [+] ** 

Firefighters don’t think they need them 10.3 11.4 [2] 7.3 

Firefighters don’t like sharing facepieces with others 1.0 1.2 [2] ** [1] 

Firefighters are concerned that the SCBA may be or become 

contaminated 

** 0.1 [+] ** 

Wearing SCBAs makes it more difficult to work 5.9 7.3 [2] 2.0 

Firefighters don’t have SCBAs to use 3.9 4.4 [2] ** [1,3] 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 67.8 65.6 [2] 86.9 36. How often is routine maintenance performed on your SCBAs? 

After every time they are used 43.0 42.4 44.6 Once a month or more 19.0 17.7 [2] 25.6 

Several times a year 15.0 15.5 14.2 Once a year 16.4 17.2 14.0 

Less than once a year 4.3 5.0 [2] 0.2 

Never. Maintenance has not been done on our SCBAs. 1.4 1.5 1.0 Does not apply. My department does not have SCBAs.   **  

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1.0 0.8 0.5 

37. How many Chemical/Biological/Radiological/Nuclear (CBRN) 

SCBAs are available (or on order) for use by firefighters within your department at this time?

 Greater than zero 17.5 15.0 [2] 34.5  Zero 82.5 85.0 [2] 65.5 
Exhibit B-3a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Type (continued

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Urb

37a. What are the reasons why your fire department does not have 

CBRN SCBAs? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

CBRN SCBA devices are not needed in our department 20.9 21.1 [2] 13.6 

We didn’t know they were available 15.1 15.6 10.8 

We don’t have adequate technical information to purchase them 19.7 21.0 [2] 14.4 

We don’t have adequate funding to purchase them 60.3 63.6 [2] 44.6 

 Other 4.9 3.9 [2] 8.2 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 18.3 15.9 [2] 35.4 

38. Does your fire department have Automated External 

Defibrillators (AEDs)?

 Yes 77.4 77.6 [2,3] 87.8  No 22.6 22.4 [2,3] 12.2 38a. At your fire department, where do you have AEDs? 

At the fire station(s) 2.8 3.3 [2] 0.1 

On the emergency vehicles (or apparatus) 62.0 61.6 [2] 72.4 

Both at the fire station(s) and on the vehicles (or apparatus) 10.4 10.6 13.3 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 24.9 24.5 [2,3] 14.2 39. How often has routine maintenance, including replacement of 

battery packs, been performed on your AEDs? After every time they are used 13.9 12.3 [2] 19.1 

Once a month or more 25.4 24.6 25.1 

Several times a year 20.6 22.7 [3] 19.7 

Once a year 22.3 21.7 25.4 

Less frequently than once a year 7.4 8.0 6.1 

Never. Maintenance on our AEDs has not been done. 10.4 10.7 [2] 4.6 

B-81 
B-82 Exhibit B-3a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Type (continued

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Urb

40. About how often do your firefighters carry radios or other twoway communication devices while responding to structure 

fires?

 Never 1.6 1.9 0.6 

Some of the time 4.7 6.0 [2,3] 1.9 About half the time 2.6 3.0 1.4 Most of the time 20.6 23.7 [2] 10.4 

 Always 70.4 65.4 [2,3] 85.6 41. Some radios and other two-way communication devices can 

have problems under field conditions, such as bleed-over, interference, or loss of communication. About how often do your communication devices have these or other problems? 

Never 

18.0 18.3 17.3 

Some of the time 64.5 62.4 [2] 74.4 

About half the time 10.3 11.2 [2] 5.3 Most of the time 5.4 6.0 [2] 2.9 

Always 

1.8 2.1 [2] 0.2 
Exhibit B-3a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Type (continued

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Urb

42. How would you rate your department’s budget in the following 

areas? 

42a. Equipment  Not adequate 48.6 50.8 [2] 35.6 

 Adequate 45.7 44.7 [2] 53.0 

More than adequate 

42b. Training 

5.7 4.4 [2] 11.5 

 Not adequate 39.1 40.9 [2] 33.6 

 Adequate 55.6 55.0 58.8 

More than adequate 

42c. Personnel 

5.2 4.1 7.6 

 Not adequate 51.5 53.7 48.2 

 Adequate 44.3 43.5 45.0 

More than adequate 4.2 2.8 [2] 6.8 

43. How often have you seen NIOSH reports that describe recent 

firefighter fatalities and make recommendations for avoiding similar incidents? Please refer to the insert sheet included with this survey for examples of NIOSH firefighter safety reports. 

Never 

26.8 27.6 [2,3] 12.7 

One or two times per year 34.3 35.3 33.9 

Several times per year 33.2 32.1 [2] 47.2 

Once a month or more 5.7 5.1 6.2 

B-83 
B-84 Exhibit B-3a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Type (continued

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Urb

44. How does your department receive the NIOSH Fire Fighter 

Fatality Investigation reports? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 By mail 56.0 57.0 58.4 

On the Internet 24.7 23.6 [2,3] 40.7 

From colleagues in other departments 10.0 8.7 12.8 

At conferences or other meetings 6.9 5.9 [2] 13.6 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 26.8 27.7 [2,3] 12.6 45. Have you read part or all of a NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation report in the last 12 months?

 Yes 53.3 51.9 [2,3] 72.7  No 20.0 20.5 [2] 14.6  Legitimately Skipped Question 26.6 27.6 [2] 12.7 50. Does the fire department disseminate the information it 

receives from NIOSH to the firefighters? 

Yes 

60.7 61.0 [2,3] 70.5 

 No 12.1 10.8 [2] 16.8 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 27.3 28.2 [2,3] 12.8 
Exhibit B-3a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Type (continued

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Urb

50a. How is this information disseminated to firefighters? MARK ALL 

THAT APPLY. Regular staff meetings 23.5 24.0 21.6 

 Training sessions 44.2 43.9 49.4 

Provide copies of NIOSH reports to firefighters 16.2 14.3 [2] 28.9 

Provide copies of NIOSH report summaries to firefighters 6.2 6.1 9.2 Provide summaries prepared by department to firefighters 1.8 1.7 [3] 3.8 

Postings on bulletin boards 38.5 38.6 [2] 46.7 Post report on the department website 1.1 1.0 [3] 2.7 Send message to firefighters by email 5.3 4.3 [2] 13.1 

 Other 1.3 1.3 [3] 2.2  Legitimately Skipped Question 39.1 38.6 [2,3] 29.8 51. The NIOSH reports sometimes reference other documents, such 

as guidelines or more detailed technical reports. Does your fire department usually have access to documents that are referenced in NIOSH reports? 

Yes 

34.2 31.8 [2,3] 59.0 

 No 38.4 39.9 [2] 28.0  Legitimately Skipped Question 27.4 28.3 [2,3] 13.0 

B-85 
Exhibit B-3a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Type (continued

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Urb

52. NIOSH reports always include recommendations that are 

designed to help improve the health and safety of firefighters. How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about the NIOSH recommendations: 

52a. Recommendations are practical  Strongly Disagree 0.5 0.3 [+] 0.6 

 Disagree 3.6 3.8 [3] 5.2 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 18.7 19.3 17.9 

 Agree 45.6 44.6 [2] 58.3 

 Strongly Agree 3.7 3.3 5.0 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 52b. Recommendations are easy to understand 

28.0 28.8 [2,3] 13.0 

 Strongly Disagree 0.4 0.3 [+] 0.5  Disagree 1.7 1.6 3.0 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 19.8 21.3 16.9 

 Agree 45.4 44.1 [2] 59.2 

 Strongly Agree 4.6 3.9 [2] 7.4 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 52c. Recommendations are specific and concrete 

28.1 28.9 [2,3] 13.1 

 Strongly Disagree 0.4 0.2 [+] 1.0  Disagree 3.2 3.3 [3] 4.8 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 26.6 27.0 26.3 

 Agree 37.9 37.0 [2] 49.5 

 Strongly Agree 3.8 3.7 5.2  Legitimately Skipped Question 28.0 28.8 [2,3] 13.1 

B-86 
Exhibit B-3a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Type (continued

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Urb

53. What other NIOSH materials have you seen? MARK ALL THAT 

APPLY. Pocket guide to chemical hazards 57.4 55.0 [2] 73.7 

Respirator maintenance program guide 13.8 13.9 [2,3] 20.3 CDs of firefighter program materials 28.0 27.8 34.0 

 Alerts 31.7 30.9 [2,3] 47.3  Hazard IDs 16.6 16.5 18.9 

 Workplace Solutions 12.5 12.9 14.8 

Other 

0.8 1.0 [3] 0.8 

None. I have not seen any NIOSH materials. 25.2 25.4 [2,3] 14.1 

53a. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with these NIOSH 

materials? 

 Very dissatisfied 1.3 1.2 1.6  Dissatisfied 0.2 0.3 [+] ** 

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied 21.2 22.4 18.7 

 Satisfied 47.1 47.0 [2] 55.5 

 Very satisfied 5.2 4.0 [2] 10.2  Legitimately Skipped Question 24.9 25.1 [2,3] 14.1 54. Have you ever visited the NIOSH website at 

www.cdc.gov/niosh/firehome.html? 

No 

59.4 61.0 [2] 43.2 

Yes, in the last year 34.5 32.3 [2] 51.3 Yes, longer than one year ago 6.1 6.7 5.5 

Note: Estimates are generated from the 2006 Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation, Fire DepEstimates within each column from the “Mark all that Apply” questions will not sum to 100. Estimates within each column from the oth

sum to 100 due to rounding. 

The digits in square brackets beside an estimate [#] indicate the estimate is significantly different at the 95% confidence level from th

in column #. A plus sign within the square brackets [+] indicates the estimate has low precision. 

** Estimate is less than 0.1 and therefore rounds to zero. 

B-87 
B-88 Exhibit B-3b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Type 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

1. Does your department have a Safety Officer? Yes No 

(67.5, 72.9) (27.1, 32.5) 

(66.4, 72.9) (27.1, 33.6) 

(66.2(22.9

2. Does your department have a Training Officer? Yes No 

(86.4, 90.3) 

(9.7, 13.6) 

(86.5, 90.9) 

(9.1, 13.5) 

(85.8

(6.9, 

3. Some fire departments use Standard Operating Procedures 

(SOPs) or Standard Operating Guidelines (SOGs) to describe how certain situations should be approached. For which of the following does your department have SOPs/SOGs in place? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Incident Command Systems (81.3, 85.8) (79.7, 85.1) (89.0

Maintenance of SCBAs (66.9, 72.3) (63.7, 70.3) (73.6

Motor vehicle safety (76.3, 81.2) (75.3, 81.1) (78.6Participation in a personal physical fitness program (9.6, 12.7) (6.7, 10.4) (23.1

Participation in regular health screenings for cardiovascular disease 

(CVD) 

(14.9, 18.9) (13.0, 17.7) (24.7

Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs), also known as Rapid Intervention 

Crews (RICs) or Firefighter Assistance and Search Teams (FAST) 

(37.7, 43.2) (33.4, 40.0) (63.1

Use of Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) devices (72.7, 77.9) (71.4, 77.6) (80.4

Use of personal protective equipment and protective clothing (87.1, 90.9) (86.7, 91.2) (86.9

Use of radio communications (82.5, 86.8) (80.9, 86.1) (83.0

Other 

(7.2, 10.5) (6.1, 9.8) (10.4

Does not apply. Our fire department does not use SOPs/SOGs. (3.8, 6.5) (3.9, 7.1) (0.9
Exhibit B-3b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Type 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

4. Do your firefighters receive training on any of the topics listed 

below? If so, is training optional or required? 

4a. Fighting structure fires No Training (0.6, 2.0) (0.5, 2.1) (0.1

Optional Training (14.6, 19.1) (15.6, 21.1) (4.2, 

Required Training 

4b. Driving safety 

(80.4, 85.0) (78.8, 84.3) (89.4

 No Training (2.9, 5.3) (2.8, 5.7) (0.5

Optional Training (16.3, 21.1) (16.2, 21.7) (7.3, 

Required Training 

4c. Incident Command systems 

(75.1, 80.1) (74.4, 80.3) (83.3

 No Training (2.0, 4.1) (2.1, 4.6) (**

Optional Training (24.8, 30.2) (25.2, 31.6) (6.5, 

Required Training 

4d. Maintenance of Self-Contained Breathing Apparatuses (SCBAs) 

(67.1, 72.6) (65.5, 72.0) (85.6

 No Training (5.2, 8.3) (5.2, 8.9) (1.4

Optional Training (30.8, 36.5) (32.5, 39.3) (16.3

Required Training 

4e. Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) 

(57.3, 63.1) (54.4, 61.4) (71.1

No Training (25.8, 31.3) (28.0, 34.7) (5.0, 

Optional Training (33.3, 39.2) (34.4, 41.5) (26.8

Required Training (32.8, 38.3) (27.8, 34.3) (54.8

B-89 
B-90 Exhibit B-3b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Type 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

4f. Use of personal protective equipment and/or protective clothing No Training (0.9, 2.4) (0.7, 2.5) (0.8

Optional Training (8.2, 11.8) (7.8, 12.0) (2.7

Required Training 

4g. Use of radio communication devices

(86.9, 90.7) (86.9, 91.2) (90.0

 No Training (1.9, 3.8) (1.8, 4.2) (0.8

Optional Training (19.0, 23.9) (17.8, 23.5) (10.8Required Training (73.6, 78.6) (74.0, 79.9) (78.6

5. Who provides training to your firefighters? MARK ALL THAT 

APPLY. Our department’s Training Officer (82.6, 86.9) (82.4, 87.4) (84.1Other officers within our department (80.4, 85.0) (79.9, 85.3) (86.5State fire training agency (74.8, 79.8) (75.1, 80.9) (75.8

United States Fire Administration’s (USFA) National Fire Academy in 

Emmitsburg, MD 

(18.9, 23.1) (16.8, 22.0) (35.5

Conferences or regional meetings (48.8, 54.6) (47.2, 54.1) (62.1

Other 

(22.7, 27.8) (20.9, 26.8) (30.6

6. What other trainings have your firefighters attended in the last 

12 months? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Roadside incidents/Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVA) (52.4, 58.2) (54.6, 61.5) (49.7

Scuba diving (6.2, 9.1) (5.1, 8.5) (9.4, Swift water rescue (9.6, 13.0) (8.1, 12.2) (18.4

Wildland fire fighting (44.1, 49.9) (48.7, 55.7) (19.2

HAZMAT 

(63.8, 69.4) (62.5, 69.1) (78.5

Other 

(28.5, 33.9) (25.8, 32.2) (36.0
Exhibit B-3b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Type 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

8. How familiar are you with the National Institute for 

Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)? Not at all familiar (6.8, 10.2) (7.2, 11.4) (1.2

Not very familiar (21.8, 27.0) (22.5, 28.6) (9.7, Somewhat familiar (55.2, 61.0) (54.3, 61.2) (57.6

Very familiar (7.8, 10.9) (6.1, 9.6) (16.1

9. How familiar are you with NIOSH’s Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP)? Not at all familiar (18.4, 23.3) (19.3, 25.1) (6.5, 

Not very familiar (30.8, 36.4) (31.1, 37.8) (19.6Somewhat familiar (35.1, 40.7) (33.6, 40.4) (43.5Very familiar (6.5, 9.4) (5.2, 8.5) (12.6

10. How does your department receive information about NIOSH’s 

firefighter safety and health recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. NIOSH mailings (64.9, 70.5) (67.7, 74.1) (61.6

National conference presentations (2.8, 4.7) (1.9, 4.0) (7.3, 

State-level conference presentations (9.7, 13.5) (7.9, 12.1) (12.5

Other firefighters or departments (20.5, 25.5) (19.6, 25.5) (17.6

At seminars or other training opportunities (not conferences) (14.3, 18.6) (14.2, 19.4) (15.6Trade publications (such as Firehouse and Fire Engineering) (44.3, 50.1) (42.5, 49.4) (50.7

NIOSH website (22.0, 26.7) (19.1, 24.7) (36.4

Links from other websites (such as NFPA and Firehouse) (25.7, 30.9) (25.8, 32.1) (31.3Media reports—newspaper, television, radio (12.9, 17.1) (12.3, 17.3) (13.3

Other 

(0.7, 1.9) (0.5, 2.0) (1.4

Does not apply. We have not received information about NIOSH 

recommendations. 

(9.3, 13.2) (8.0, 12.3) (4.1, 

B-91 
B-92 Exhibit B-3b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Type 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

11. In what ways has your department used NIOSH 

recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Made changes to training program (37.3, 43.1) (37.1, 44.1) (47.4

Developed new SOPs/SOGs (23.8, 29.0) (22.2, 28.3) (32.5

Made changes to SOPs/SOGs (32.2, 37.7) (31.5, 38.3) (42.6

Justified current budget/staffing (4.0, 6.3) (2.5, 5.2) (8.9, 

Made new budget/staffing requests (4.4, 6.8) (3.5, 6.5) (8.5, Justified grant applications (13.5, 17.8) (13.3, 18.5) (16.0

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations. (27.3, 32.9) (27.5, 34.2) (15.2

 Legitimately Skipped Question (9.8, 13.9) (8.5, 13.1) (4.2, 11b. Can you identify topics of NIOSH recommendations that you 

have used for training purposes? If so, MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Traffic hazards (26.7, 32.1) (27.1, 33.8) (27.2

Personal protective equipment and clothing (38.7, 44.5) (37.5, 44.6) (46.6

SCBA 

(37.2, 43.0) (36.6, 43.5) (48.3

PASS systems (29.9, 35.5) (27.9, 34.5) (39.4Incident Command systems (29.4, 34.9) (27.6, 34.2) (38.6

Radio communications (20.7, 25.6) (19.4, 25.4) (26.8

Physical fitness and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (7.1, 10.2) (5.9, 9.6) (12.6

Building code compliance (e.g., warning against the use of wooden 

trusses) 

(5.6, 8.5) (5.7, 9.4) (5.4, 

Other 

(1.6, 3.4) (0.9, 2.8) (3.4

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations for training 

purposes. 

(1.3, 2.9) (1.2, 3.3) (1.0

 Legitimately Skipped Question (38.9, 44.8) (38.0, 45.1) (21.5
Exhibit B-3b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Type 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

12. Does your department have a fitness training that involves 

physical exercise and/or other health promotion activities (for example a cardiovascular fitness program, physical training program, wellness program, or other fitness program)? 

No 

(76.4, 80.4) (81.1, 85.8) (41.4

Yes, it’s required (5.9, 8.3) (3.6, 6.1) (15.0Yes, it’s optional (12.8, 16.4) (9.8, 14.0) (29.7

13. How often do your firefighters receive screenings for 

cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors? 

One time, when they first join the department (12.7, 16.6) (10.7, 15.2) (22.0

Less frequently than once a year (5.8, 8.6) (6.0, 9.7) (6.1, One time a year (15.2, 19.3) (12.4, 17.2) (28.1

More than one time a year (0.1, 0.7) (0.1, 0.8) (0.2

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive CVD screenings (58.3, 63.5) (61.4, 67.8) (25.5

14. Do all drivers of vehicles responding to emergency calls receive 

driver training before being allowed to operate the vehicles? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 No (5.1, 8.0) (5.3, 8.9) (1.6

Yes, they receive training required by the department (81.7, 86.0) (79.5, 84.8) (85.9

Yes, they receive training required by the state (23.3, 28.3) (22.7, 28.8) (26.8

Yes, they receive optional training (11.8, 15.9) (11.1, 15.8) (9.5, 

15. How often do drivers of your fire department vehicles receive 

refresher driver training to continue being allowed to drive the vehicles? Two or more times a year (12.2, 16.4) (12.0, 17.0) (7.9, 

Once every year (37.5, 43.2) (34.8, 41.6) (42.1Less frequently than once a year (22.3, 27.3) (22.8, 29.0) (20.4

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive continuing 

driver training. 

(18.4, 23.2) (19.0, 24.8) (11.8

B-93 
B-94 Exhibit B-3b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Type 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

16. Does your fire department have a requirement regarding seat 

belt use in emergency vehicles?

 Yes (81.9, 86.3) (80.2, 85.5) (85.0

No 

(13.7, 18.1) (14.5, 19.8) (6.9, 

17. To what extent do you agree or disagree that your firefighters 

are able to fit comfortably in their seatbelts while wearing turnout gear in your emergency vehicles? Strongly disagree (5.5, 8.5) (5.8, 9.6) (4.5, 

 Disagree (15.8, 20.4) (15.4, 20.8) (13.3

Neither agree nor disagree (28.2, 33.7) (28.3, 34.8) (17.7

 Agree (29.5, 34.9) (27.9, 34.4) (32.7

Strongly agree (10.4, 14.2) (10.1, 14.6) (11.1

18. About how often do you think your firefighters use their 

seatbelts when riding in the emergency vehicles? 

Never 

(4.2, 6.9) (4.8, 8.3) (1.3

Some of the time (20.3, 25.3) (19.4, 25.2) (19.2

About half the time (14.8, 19.4) (14.1, 19.4) (10.3

Most of the time (35.6, 41.3) (35.3, 42.1) (30.7

Always 

(14.6, 18.7) (13.9, 18.9) (18.6

21. How often is Incident Command established when responding to 

structure fires? 

Never 

(1.5, 3.5) (1.2, 3.4) (0.1

 Rarely (5.4, 8.5) (6.4, 10.3) (0.5

About half the time (5.3, 8.4) (6.2, 10.1) (1.1Most of the time (25.0, 30.4) (25.4, 31.8) (13.7

Always 

(53.7, 59.4) (49.9, 56.8) (72.3
Exhibit B-3b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Type 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

22. What are the reasons why Incident Command is not always 

established by your fire department? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not usually big enough to require an Incident Commander (20.1, 25.1) (21.9, 28.0) (5.1, 

Not enough firefighters available at the scene of the fire (18.8, 23.7) (20.6, 26.6) (5.2, 

Other 

(5.0, 7.8) (4.8, 8.3) (4.9, 

Does not apply. My department always assigns an Incident Commander 

for structure fires. 

(2.7, 4.9) (2.5, 5.2) (0.8

 Legitimately Skipped Question (53.7, 59.5) (49.9, 56.8) (72.9

23. When Incident Command is established for a structure fire, 

what are the Incident Commander’s responsibilities? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Conduct an initial assessment before the other firefighters begin 

entering the building 

(89.1, 92.6) (89.5, 93.4) (88.1

Develop and coordinate the fire attack strategy (91.4, 94.5) (90.0, 93.9) (92.0

Develop and initiate a risk management plan (49.4, 55.3) (46.9, 53.9) (58.0

Document all assessments, plans and events related to the fire (36.0, 41.7) (36.0, 42.9) (39.1

Ensure that at least four (4) firefighters are on the scene before 

entering the building 

(65.7, 71.3) (64.4, 71.0) (65.2

Establish a collapse zone around the building (46.1, 52.0) (44.9, 51.9) (52.3

Establish Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) or Rapid Intervention Crew 

(RIC) 

(45.7, 51.3) (40.2, 47.0) (72.0

Identify and implement a communication strategy (61.9, 67.5) (59.5, 66.3) (59.5Monitor location of all firefighters at the scene (73.6, 78.7) (72.6, 78.6) (75.0

Other 

(7.6, 10.9) (7.5, 11.6) (7.3, 

B-95 
Exhibit B-3b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Type 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

24. About how often does an Incident Commander assign an 

Incident Safety Officer when responding to structure fires?

 Never (11.4, 15.5) (11.9, 16.8) (4.8, 

Some of the time (24.0, 29.2) (24.5, 30.8) (19.3

About half the time (6.6, 9.9) (6.8, 10.7) (3.6Most of the time (27.2, 32.5) (25.9, 32.2) (29.7

Always 

(19.9, 24.9) (18.0, 23.7) (22.6

25. What are the reasons why an Incident Commander does not 

always assign an Incident Safety Officer? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not big enough to require an Incident Safety Officer (29.5, 35.1) (30.1, 36.7) (21.5

Not enough firefighters are available at the scene of the fire (48.7, 54.6) (50.7, 57.7) (36.7

Other 

(11.3, 15.1) (9.4, 13.9) (18.4

Does not apply. Our Incident Commanders always assign an Incident 

Safety Officer for structure fires. 

(1.4, 3.0) (1.4, 3.5) (0.6

 Legitimately Skipped Question (20.3, 25.2) (18.2, 24.0) (23.0

26. How often are Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) or Rapid 

Intervention Crews (RICs) available at structure fires?

 Never (26.7, 32.1) (27.2, 33.6) (6.0, 

Some of the time (19.5, 24.3) (21.9, 27.9) (10.7About half the time (5.2, 8.0) (5.7, 9.3) (3.1

Most of the time (20.2, 25.0) (19.5, 25.2) (21.5

Always 

(17.8, 22.1) (13.1, 18.0) (39.0

27. In what situations are RITs/RICs established? MARK ALL THAT 

APPLY. 

When the building has more than one story/floor (7.8, 11.2) (8.5, 12.7) (4.6, 

When there are enough firefighters on and at the scene of the fire (29.6, 35.1) (31.6, 38.3) (23.0Whenever firefighters enter a burning building (23.9, 29.1) (25.3, 31.6) (17.9

Other 

(3.8, 6.3) (3.2, 6.1) (6.2, 

 Legitimately Skipped Question (46.4, 52.2) (42.4, 49.3) (47.4

B-96 
Exhibit B-3b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Type 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

28. What are the reasons why your fire department does not use 

RITs/RICs in every structure fire? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

The structure fire may not be large enough to need an RIT/RIC (32.1, 37.8) (32.2, 39.0) (23.0

We don’t have enough equipment, SCBAs, or turnout gear to establish 

an RIT/RIC 

(7.2, 10.8) (8.0, 12.3) (0.2

We don’t have enough firefighters available at the scene of the fire (50.6, 56.5) (54.2, 61.2) (28.5We don’t have enough training or trained personnel at the scene to 

establish an RIT/RIC 

(18.3, 23.2) (20.3, 26.3) (5.6, 

We have never established an RIT/RIC (15.5, 20.1) (16.3, 21.9) (3.5

We use other fire departments in the area for RITs/RICs (26.6, 32.0) (28.7, 35.3) (17.3We use other safety practices and so we don’t need them (3.1, 5.7) (2.4, 5.1) (0.3

Other 

(3.1, 5.4) (3.0, 5.9) (2.9

 Legitimately Skipped Question (18.1, 22.6) (13.4, 18.5) (39.0

29. Does your fire department have enough Personal Alert Safety 

System (PASS) devices for all firefighters for use when fighting structure fires? 

Yes 

(76.2, 81.1) (75.6, 81.4) (95.6

No 

(18.9, 23.8) (18.6, 24.4) (0.6

30. About how often do you think your firefighters wear their PASS 

devices when fighting structure fires? 

Never 

(4.9, 8.0) (3.9, 7.2) (**

Some of the time (2.9, 5.3) (3.3, 6.3) (0.0

About half the time (1.2, 2.8) (1.3, 3.3) (**

Most of the time (10.9, 15.0) (12.5, 17.5) (1.9

Always 

(72.5, 77.6) (70.0, 76.2) (92.8

B-97 
Exhibit B-3b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Type 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

31. Why do you think your firefighters do not use their PASS devices 

more often? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. They don’t have a PASS device to use (11.2, 15.4) (10.2, 15.0) (0.1Situation doesn’t require them (7.9, 11.4) (9.4, 14.0) (0.5

Firefighters think the devices do not always work reliably (0.1, 1.0) (0.1, 0.9) (**

Firefighters don’t think they need them (3.5, 5.9) (4.8, 8.4) (0.5

Devices go off while firefighters are resting (2.7, 4.9) (3.6, 6.6) (0.3

 Legitimately Skipped Question (72.9, 78.0) (70.5, 76.7) (92.8

32. Does your department have Self Contained Breathing 

Apparatuses (SCBA) for your firefighters to use when combating structure fires? 

Yes 

(98.4, 99.6) (98.5, 99.7) (97.7

No 

(0.4, 1.6) (0.3, 1.5) (0.1

33. Do your firefighters ever have to share facepieces for SCBAs? Yes 

(46.7, 52.7) (48.9, 56.0) (22.0

No 

(46.5, 52.5) (43.4, 50.5) (66.0

 Legitimately Skipped Question (0.4, 1.6) (0.3, 1.6) (0.1

33a. What are the reasons why your fire department does not have 

personally-fitted SCBA facepieces for all of your firefighters? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Didn’t know it was recommended (3.5, 6.3) (3.4, 6.5) (0.9

Firefighters don’t like using the equipment (0.1, 0.9) (0.1, 1.3) (**

Have never needed them (e.g., we don’t do interior attacks) (0.3, 1.5) (0.3, 1.8) (**

They cost too much, there is not enough money in the budget (29.0, 34.7) (30.4, 37.2) (11.4We don’t have enough equipment for all of our firefighters (22.0, 27.3) (23.4, 29.7) (6.4, 

Shared systems work fine for our needs (20.9, 26.2) (21.3, 27.5) (7.7, 

Other 

(3.8, 6.5) (4.0, 7.1) (2.9

 Legitimately Skipped Question (47.4, 53.3) (44.3, 51.4) (66.5

B-98 
Exhibit B-3b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Type 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

34. About how often do you think your firefighters use SCBAs while 

fighting structure fires?

 Never (0.6, 2.2) (0.3, 1.7) (**

Some of the time (3.6, 6.2) (4.1, 7.5) (**

About half the time (1.8, 3.9) (1.9, 4.3) (**

Most of the time (22.0, 27.2) (22.6, 28.9) (9.7, 

Always 

(63.3, 68.9) (61.1, 67.8) (81.0

 Legitimately Skipped Question (0.4, 1.6) (0.3, 1.6) (0.1

35. Why do you think your firefighters do not use SCBAs more often 

when fighting structure fires? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Situation doesn’t require them (23.3, 28.6) (24.4, 30.8) (6.6, 

Firefighters do not trust that the SCBAs will work reliably (**, **) (0.0, 0.9) (**

Firefighters don’t think they need them (8.6, 12.3) (9.3, 13.9) (4.6, 

Firefighters don’t like sharing facepieces with others (0.5, 1.8) (0.6, 2.3) (**

Firefighters are concerned that the SCBA may be or become 

contaminated 

(**, **) (0.0, 0.8) (**

Wearing SCBAs makes it more difficult to work (4.6, 7.5) (5.7, 9.4) (0.8

Firefighters don’t have SCBAs to use (2.8, 5.4) (3.1, 6.2) (**

 Legitimately Skipped Question (64.9, 70.5) (62.2, 68.9) (81.9

36. How often is routine maintenance performed on your SCBAs? 

After every time they are used Once a month or more Several times a year Once a year Less than once a year 

Never. Maintenance has not been done on our SCBAs. Does not apply. My department does not have SCBAs. 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 

(39.7, 46.3) 

(16.5, 21.7) 

(12.8, 17.5) 

(14.1, 19.1) 

(3.1, 5.9) 

(0.8, 2.5) 

(**, **) 

(0.5, 2.0) 

(38.5, 46.3) 

(14.9, 21.0) 

(12.8, 18.6) (14.4, 20.4) 

(3.5, 7.0) 

(0.8, 2.8) 

(**, **) 

(0.3, 1.9) 

(37.9

(19.7

(10.2

(10.1

(0.1

(0.3

(**

(0.1

B-99 
B-100 Exhibit B-3b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Type 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

37. How many Chemical/Biological/Radiological/Nuclear (CBRN) 

SCBAs are available (or on order) for use by firefighters within your department at this time? Greater than zero (15.5, 19.8) (12.7, 17.7) (29.1

Zero 

(80.2, 84.5) (82.3, 87.3) (59.8

37a. What are the reasons why your fire department does not have 

CBRN SCBAs? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

CBRN SCBA devices are not needed in our department (18.5, 23.6) (18.2, 24.3) (9.7, 

We didn’t know they were available (12.9, 17.5) (13.0, 18.5) (7.3, 

We don’t have adequate technical information to purchase them (17.3, 22.3) (18.1, 24.2) (10.3We don’t have adequate funding to purchase them (57.2, 63.2) (60.0, 67.1) (38.5

Other 

(3.7, 6.4) (2.7, 5.5) (5.4, 

 Legitimately Skipped Question (16.2, 20.6) (13.4, 18.7) (30.0

38. Does your fire department have Automated External 

Defibrillators (AEDs)?

 Yes (74.8, 79.9) (74.6, 80.4) (83.0

No 

(20.1, 25.2) (19.6, 25.4) (8.6, 

38a. At your fire department, where do you have AEDs? 

At the fire station(s) (1.9, 4.1) (2.1, 4.9) (0.0

On the emergency vehicles (or apparatus) (58.9, 64.9) (58.0, 65.1) (66.2

Both at the fire station(s) and on the vehicles (or apparatus) (8.7, 12.3) (8.6, 13.1) (9.7, 

 Legitimately Skipped Question (22.2, 27.7) (21.5, 27.8) (10.0

39. How often has routine maintenance, including replacement of 

battery packs, been performed on your AEDs? After every time they are used (11.7, 16.4) (9.8, 15.2) (14.6

Once a month or more (22.6, 28.5) (21.2, 28.3) (19.9

Several times a year (18.0, 23.4) (19.4, 26.4) (14.9Once a year (19.6, 25.3) (18.5, 25.2) (20.0Less frequently than once a year (5.8, 9.5) (6.0, 10.6) (3.5, 

Never. Maintenance on our AEDs has not been done. (8.4, 12.8) (8.4, 13.6) (2.2
Exhibit B-3b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Type 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

40. About how often do your firefighters carry radios or other twoway communication devices while responding to structure fires? Never (1.0, 2.6) (1.1, 3.1) (0.1

Some of the time (3.6, 6.1) (4.6, 7.9) (0.7

About half the time (1.8, 3.8) (2.0, 4.5) (0.4Most of the time (18.3, 23.1) (20.8, 26.8) (7.1, 

Always 

(67.7, 73.0) (62.0, 68.7) (80.5

41. Some radios and other two-way communication devices can 

have problems under field conditions, such as bleed-over, interference, or loss of communication. About how often do your communication devices have these or other problems? 

Never 

(15.9, 20.4) (15.8, 21.2) (13.1

Some of the time (61.6, 67.3) (58.9, 65.7) (68.7

About half the time (8.6, 12.2) (9.2, 13.6) (3.2

Most of the time (4.2, 6.9) (4.5, 7.9) (1.3

Always 

(1.1, 2.9) (1.3, 3.5) (0.0

B-101 
B-102 Exhibit B-3b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Type 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

42. How would you rate your department’s budget in the following 

areas? 

42a. Equipment 

Not adequate (45.7, 51.6) (47.3, 54.3) (30.0

 Adequate (42.8, 48.6) (41.3, 48.2) (46.9

More than adequate 

42b. Training 

(4.5, 7.2) (3.2, 6.1) (8.1, 

Not adequate (36.3, 42.0) (37.5, 44.4) (28.5

 Adequate (52.7, 58.6) (51.4, 58.4) (52.9

More than adequate 

42c. Personnel 

(4.0, 6.8) (3.0, 5.7) (4.9, 

Not adequate (48.5, 54.5) (50.1, 57.2) (42.4

 Adequate (41.3, 47.3) (40.0, 47.1) (39.1

More than adequate (3.1, 5.7) (1.8, 4.3) (4.1, 

43. How often have you seen NIOSH reports that describe recent 

firefighter fatalities and make recommendations for avoiding similar incidents? Please refer to the insert sheet included with this survey for examples of NIOSH firefighter safety reports. 

Never 

(24.2, 29.5) (24.5, 30.8) (9.0, 

One or two times per year (31.6, 37.2) (32.0, 38.7) (28.4Several times per year (30.5, 35.9) (28.9, 35.4) (41.2Once a month or more (4.5, 7.2) (3.8, 6.8) (4.2

44. How does your department receive the NIOSH Fire Fighter 

Fatality Investigation reports? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 By mail (53.1, 58.9) (53.4, 60.4) (52.5

On the Internet (22.4, 27.1) (20.8, 26.6) (35.1From colleagues in other departments (8.3, 11.8) (6.9, 10.8) (9.4, At conferences or other meetings (5.7, 8.5) (4.5, 7.7) (10.3

 Legitimately Skipped Question (24.2, 29.5) (24.6, 30.9) (9.0, 
Exhibit B-3b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Type 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

45. Have you read part or all of a NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation report in the last 12 months?

 Yes (50.4, 56.2) (48.4, 55.4) (66.9

No 

(17.8, 22.5) (17.8, 23.5) (10.8

 Legitimately Skipped Question (24.1, 29.4) (24.6, 30.9) (9.0, 

50. Does the fire department disseminate the information it receives 

from NIOSH to the firefighters?

 Yes (57.7, 63.5) (57.5, 64.4) (64.6

No 

(10.2, 14.1) (8.8, 13.2) (12.6

 Legitimately Skipped Question (24.7, 30.0) (25.1, 31.5) (9.1, 

50a. How is this information disseminated to firefighters? MARK ALL 

THAT APPLY. Regular staff meetings (21.1, 26.1) (21.1, 27.1) (17.1

Training sessions (41.3, 47.2) (40.4, 47.4) (43.3

Provide copies of NIOSH reports to firefighters (14.2, 18.3) (12.1, 16.9) (24.1

Provide copies of NIOSH report summaries to firefighters (5.0, 7.7) (4.6, 7.9) (6.4, 

Provide summaries prepared by department to firefighters (1.2, 2.7) (1.0, 2.9) (2.1

Postings on bulletin boards (35.6, 41.3) (35.3, 42.0) (40.6

Post report on the department website (0.7, 1.8) (0.5, 2.0) (1.4

Send message to firefighters by email (4.3, 6.5) (3.2, 5.7) (10.1

Other 

(0.8, 2.0) (0.7, 2.4) (1.1

 Legitimately Skipped Question (36.2, 42.0) (35.3, 42.1) (24.5

51. The NIOSH reports sometimes reference other documents, such 

as guidelines or more detailed technical reports. Does your fire department usually have access to documents that are referenced in NIOSH reports? 

Yes 

(31.6, 36.9) (28.6, 35.1) (52.9

No 

(35.5, 41.3) (36.5, 43.4) (22.8

 Legitimately Skipped Question (24.8, 30.2) (25.2, 31.7) (9.2, 

B-103 
B-104 Exhibit B-3b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Type 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

52. NIOSH reports always include recommendations that are 

designed to help improve the health and safety of firefighters. How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about the NIOSH recommendations: 

52a. Recommendations are practical 

Strongly Disagree (0.2, 1.1) (0.1, 0.9) (0.2

 Disagree (2.6, 4.8) (2.6, 5.4) (3.0

Neither Agree nor Disagree (16.5, 21.2) (16.6, 22.2) (13.7

 Agree (42.7, 48.6) (41.1, 48.1) (52.2

Strongly Agree (2.7, 5.0) (2.2, 4.8) (3.1

 Legitimately Skipped Question 52b. Recommendations are easy to understand 

(25.3, 30.8) (25.6, 32.2) (9.3, 

Strongly Disagree (0.2, 1.0) (0.1, 0.9) (0.2

 Disagree (1.1, 2.6) (0.9, 2.8) (1.5

Neither Agree nor Disagree (17.5, 22.3) (18.5, 24.4) (12.8

 Agree (42.4, 48.4) (40.6, 47.6) (53.1

Strongly Agree (3.5, 6.1) (2.7, 5.5) (4.8, 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 52c. Recommendations are specific and concrete 

(25.4, 30.9) (25.7, 32.2) (9.3, 

Strongly Disagree (0.2, 1.0) (0.0, 0.7) (0.4

 Disagree (2.3, 4.4) (2.3, 4.9) (2.8

Neither Agree nor Disagree (24.0, 29.4) (24.0, 30.3) (21.3

 Agree (35.0, 40.8) (33.6, 40.5) (43.4

Strongly Agree (2.8, 5.2) (2.5, 5.4) (3.2

 Legitimately Skipped Question (25.4, 30.8) (25.7, 32.2) (9.3, 
Exhibit B-3b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Type 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

53. What other NIOSH materials have you seen? MARK ALL THAT 

APPLY. Pocket guide to chemical hazards (54.4, 60.4) (51.4, 58.6) (67.8Respirator maintenance program guide (11.9, 15.9) (11.6, 16.5) (15.9

CDs of firefighter program materials (25.4, 30.7) (24.7, 31.1) (28.5

 Alerts (29.1, 34.5) (27.7, 34.2) (41.3

Hazard IDs (14.5, 19.0) (14.0, 19.3) (14.5Workplace Solutions (10.7, 14.6) (10.7, 15.5) (11.0

Other 

(0.4, 1.4) (0.5, 2.0) (0.2

None. I have not seen any NIOSH materials. (22.6, 27.9) (22.3, 28.7) (10.2

53a. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with these NIOSH 

materials? Very dissatisfied (0.8, 2.2) (0.6, 2.2) (0.7

 Dissatisfied (0.0, 0.7) (0.1, 1.1) (**

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied (18.8, 23.8) (19.5, 25.5) (14.3

 Satisfied (44.1, 50.1) (43.5, 50.6) (49.4

Very satisfied (4.0, 6.7) (2.8, 5.7) (7.2, 

 Legitimately Skipped Question (22.4, 27.7) (22.1, 28.3) (10.2

54. Have you ever visited the NIOSH website at 

www.cdc.gov/niosh/firehome.html? 

No 

(56.5, 62.2) (57.6, 64.4) (37.5

Yes, in the last year (31.9, 37.3) (29.2, 35.7) (45.4

Yes, longer than one year ago (4.9, 7.6) (5.1, 8.6) (3.5

Note: Estimates are generated from the 2006 Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation, Fire DepEstimates within each column from the “Mark all that Apply” questions will not sum to 100. Estimates within each column from the oth

sum to 100 due to rounding. 

The digits in square brackets beside an estimate [#] indicate the estimate is significantly different at the 95% confidence level from th

in column #. A plus sign within the square brackets [+] indicates the estimate has low precision. 

** Estimate is less than 0.1 and therefore rounds to zero. 

B-105 
B-106 Exhibit B-3c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Type 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

1. Does your department have a Safety Officer? Yes No 

1,587 1,587 

930 930 

55

2. Does your department have a Training Officer? Yes No 

1,600 1,600 

940 940 

55

3. Some fire departments use Standard Operating Procedures 

(SOPs) or Standard Operating Guidelines (SOGs) to describe how certain situations should be approached. For which of the following does your department have SOPs/SOGs in place? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Incident Command Systems 1,600 937 5

Maintenance of SCBAs 1,600 937 5

Motor vehicle safety 1,600 937 5Participation in a personal physical fitness program 1,600 937 5

Participation in regular health screenings for cardiovascular disease 

(CVD) 

1,600 937 5

Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs), also known as Rapid Intervention 

Crews (RICs) or Firefighter Assistance and Search Teams (FAST) 

1,600 937 5

Use of Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) devices 1,600 937 5

Use of personal protective equipment and protective clothing 1,600 937 5

Use of radio communications 1,600 937 5

Other 

1,600 937 5

Does not apply. Our fire department does not use SOPs/SOGs. 1,600 937 5
Exhibit B-3c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Type (continued) 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

4. Do your firefighters receive training on any of the topics listed 

below? If so, is training optional or required? 

4a. Fighting structure fires No Training 1,607 946 5 Optional Training 1,607 946 5 Required Training 4b. Driving safety 

1,607 946 5

 No Training 1,598 938 5 Optional Training 1,598 938 5 Required Training 4c. Incident Command systems 

1,598 938 5

 No Training 1,584 928 5 Optional Training 1,584 928 5 Required Training 4d. Maintenance of Self-Contained Breathing Apparatuses (SCBAs) 

1,584 928 5

 No Training 1,581 929 5 Optional Training 1,581 929 5 Required Training 4e. Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) 

1,581 929 5

 No Training 1,511 871 5 Optional Training 1,511 871 5 Required Training 4f. Use of personal protective equipment and/or protective clothing

1,511 871 5

 No Training 1,611 948 5 Optional Training 1,611 948 5 Required Training 1,611 948 5

B-107 
B-108 Exhibit B-3c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Type (continued) 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

4g. Use of radio communication devices No Training 1,606 945 5 Optional Training 1,606 945 5 Required Training 1,606 945 5

5. Who provides training to your firefighters? MARK ALL THAT 

APPLY. Our department’s Training Officer 1,611 949 5

Other officers within our department 1,611 949 5

State fire training agency 1,611 949 5

United States Fire Administration’s (USFA) National Fire Academy in 

Emmitsburg, MD 

1,611 949 5

Conferences or regional meetings 1,611 949 5

Other 

1,611 949 5

6. What other trainings have your firefighters attended in the last 

12 months? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Roadside incidents/Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVA) 1,622 954 5

 Scuba diving 1,622 954 5

Swift water rescue 1,622 954 5

 Wildland fire fighting 1,622 954 5

HAZMAT 

1,622 954 5

Other 

1,622 954 5

8. How familiar are you with the National Institute for 

Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)? Not at all familiar 1,610 947 5

Not very familiar 1,610 947 5

 Somewhat familiar 1,610 947 5

 Very familiar 1,610 947 5
Exhibit B-3c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Type (continued) 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

9. How familiar are you with NIOSH’s Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP)? Not at all familiar 1,611 947 5

Not very familiar 1,611 947 5

 Somewhat familiar 1,611 947 5

 Very familiar 1,611 947 510. How does your department receive information about NIOSH’s 

firefighter safety and health recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

 NIOSH mailings 1,609 946 5

National conference presentations 1,609 946 5

State-level conference presentations 1,609 946 5

Other firefighters or departments 1,609 946 5

At seminars or other training opportunities (not conferences) 1,609 946 5Trade publications (such as Firehouse and Fire Engineering) 1,609 946 5

 NIOSH website 1,609 946 5

Links from other websites (such as NFPA and Firehouse) 1,609 946 5

Media reports—newspaper, television, radio 1,609 946 5

Other 

1,609 946 5

Does not apply. We have not received information about NIOSH 

recommendations. 

1,609 946 5

11. In what ways has your department used NIOSH 

recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Made changes to training program 1,536 895 5Developed new SOPs/SOGs 1,536 895 5

Made changes to SOPs/SOGs 1,536 895 5

Justified current budget/staffing 1,536 895 5

Made new budget/staffing requests 1,536 895 5

Justified grant applications 1,536 895 5

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations. 1,536 895 5

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,536 895 5

B-109 
B-110 Exhibit B-3c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Type (continued) 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

11b. Can you identify topics of NIOSH recommendations that you 

have used for training purposes? If so, MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

 Traffic hazards 1,530 891 5

Personal protective equipment and clothing 1,530 891 5

SCBA 

1,530 891 5

 PASS systems 1,530 891 5

Incident Command systems 1,530 891 5

 Radio communications 1,530 891 5

Physical fitness and cardiovascular disease (CVD) 1,530 891 5

Building code compliance (e.g., warning against the use of wooden 

trusses) 

1,530 891 5

Other 

1,530 891 5

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations for training 

purposes. 

1,530 891 5

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,530 891 512. Does your department have a fitness training that involves 

physical exercise and/or other health promotion activities (for example a cardiovascular fitness program, physical training program, wellness program, or other fitness program)? 

No 

1,596 942 5

Yes, it’s required 1,596 942 5

Yes, it’s optional 1,596 942 5

13. How often do your firefighters receive screenings for 

cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors? 

One time, when they first join the department 1,582 933 5

Less frequently than once a year 1,582 933 5One time a year 1,582 933 5

More than one time a year 1,582 933 5

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive CVD screenings 1,582 933 5
Exhibit B-3c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Type (continued) 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

14. Do all drivers of vehicles responding to emergency calls receive 

driver training before being allowed to operate the vehicles? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 No 1,616 949 5

Yes, they receive training required by the department 1,616 949 5

Yes, they receive training required by the state 1,616 949 5

Yes, they receive optional training 1,616 949 5

15. How often do drivers of your fire department vehicles receive 

refresher driver training to continue being allowed to drive the vehicles? Two or more times a year 1,611 946 5

Once every year 1,611 946 5

Less frequently than once a year 1,611 946 5

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive continuing 

driver training. 

1,611 946 5

16. Does your fire department have a requirement regarding seat 

belt use in emergency vehicles?

 Yes 1,613 947 5No 

1,613 947 5

17. To what extent do you agree or disagree that your firefighters 

are able to fit comfortably in their seatbelts while wearing turnout gear in your emergency vehicles? 

 Strongly disagree 1,603 943 5

 Disagree 1,603 943 5

Neither agree nor disagree 1,603 943 5

 Agree 1,603 943 5 Strongly agree 1,603 943 5

B-111 
B-112 Exhibit B-3c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Type (continued) 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

18. About how often do you think your firefighters use their 

seatbelts when riding in the emergency vehicles? 

Never 

1,616 950 5

Some of the time 1,616 950 5

About half the time 1,616 950 5

Most of the time 1,616 950 5

Always 

1,616 950 5

21. How often is Incident Command established when responding to 

structure fires? 

Never 

1,604 942 5

 Rarely 1,604 942 5

About half the time 1,604 942 5

Most of the time 1,604 942 5

Always 

1,604 942 5

22. What are the reasons why Incident Command is not always 

established by your fire department? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not usually big enough to require an Incident Commander 1,600 941 5

Not enough firefighters available at the scene of the fire 1,600 941 5

Other 

1,600 941 5

Does not apply. My department always assigns an Incident Commander 

for structure fires. 

1,600 941 5

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,600 941 5
Exhibit B-3c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Type (continued) 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

23. When Incident Command is established for a structure fire, 

what are the Incident Commander’s responsibilities? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Conduct an initial assessment before the other firefighters begin 

entering the building 

1,588 936 5

Develop and coordinate the fire attack strategy 1,588 936 5Develop and initiate a risk management plan 1,588 936 5

Document all assessments, plans and events related to the fire 1,588 936 5

Ensure that at least four (4) firefighters are on the scene before 

entering the building 

1,588 936 5

Establish a collapse zone around the building 1,588 936 5Establish Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) or Rapid Intervention Crew 

(RIC) 

1,588 936 5

Identify and implement a communication strategy 1,588 936 5

Monitor location of all firefighters at the scene 1,588 936 5

Other 

1,588 936 5

24. About how often does an Incident Commander assign an 

Incident Safety Officer when responding to structure fires?

 Never 1,605 946 5

Some of the time 1,605 946 5

About half the time 1,605 946 5

Most of the time 1,605 946 5

Always 

1,605 946 5

25. What are the reasons why an Incident Commander does not 

always assign an Incident Safety Officer? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not big enough to require an Incident Safety Officer 1,588 936 5

Not enough firefighters are available at the scene of the fire 1,588 936 5

Other 

1,588 936 5

Does not apply. Our Incident Commanders always assign an Incident 

Safety Officer for structure fires. 

1,588 936 5

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,588 936 5

B-113 
B-114 Exhibit B-3c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Type (continued) 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

26. How often are Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) or Rapid 

Intervention Crews (RICs) available at structure fires?

 Never 1,602 943 5

Some of the time 1,602 943 5

About half the time 1,602 943 5

Most of the time 1,602 943 5

Always 

1,602 943 5

27. In what situations are RITs/RICs established? MARK ALL THAT 

APPLY. 

When the building has more than one story/floor 1,600 940 5

When there are enough firefighters on and at the scene of the fire 1,600 940 5

Whenever firefighters enter a burning building 1,600 940 5

Other 

1,600 940 5

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,600 940 528. What are the reasons why your fire department does not use 

RITs/RICs in every structure fire? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

The structure fire may not be large enough to need an RIT/RIC 1,575 923 5

We don’t have enough equipment, SCBAs, or turnout gear to establish 

an RIT/RIC 

1,575 923 5

We don’t have enough firefighters available at the scene of the fire 1,575 923 5

We don’t have enough training or trained personnel at the scene to 

establish an RIT/RIC 

1,575 923 5

We have never established an RIT/RIC 1,575 923 5

We use other fire departments in the area for RITs/RICs 1,575 923 5

We use other safety practices and so we don’t need them 1,575 923 5

Other 

1,575 923 5

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,575 923 529. Does your fire department have enough Personal Alert Safety 

System (PASS) devices for all firefighters for use when fighting structure fires? 

Yes 

1,606 944 5

No 

1,606 944 5
Exhibit B-3c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Type (continued) 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

30. About how often do you think your firefighters wear their PASS 

devices when fighting structure fires? 

Never 

1,600 941 5

Some of the time 1,600 941 5

About half the time 1,600 941 5

Most of the time 1,600 941 5

Always 

1,600 941 5

31. Why do you think your firefighters do not use their PASS devices 

more often? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. They don’t have a PASS device to use 1,590 933 5

Situation doesn’t require them 1,590 933 5

Firefighters think the devices do not always work reliably 1,590 933 5

Firefighters don’t think they need them 1,590 933 5

Devices go off while firefighters are resting 1,590 933 5

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,590 933 532. Does your department have Self Contained Breathing 

Apparatuses (SCBA) for your firefighters to use when combating structure fires? 

Yes 

1,606 945 5

No 

1,606 945 5

33. Do your firefighters ever have to share facepieces for SCBAs? Yes 

1,521 908 4

No 

1,521 908 4

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,521 908 4

B-115 
B-116 Exhibit B-3c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Type (continued) 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

33a. What are the reasons why your fire department does not have 

personally-fitted SCBA facepieces for all of your firefighters? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Didn’t know it was recommended 1,517 904 4

Firefighters don’t like using the equipment 1,517 904 4

Have never needed them (e.g., we don’t do interior attacks) 1,517 904 4They cost too much, there is not enough money in the budget 1,517 904 4

We don’t have enough equipment for all of our firefighters 1,517 904 4

Shared systems work fine for our needs 1,517 904 4

Other 

1,517 904 4

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,517 904 434. About how often do you think your firefighters use SCBAs while 

fighting structure fires?

 Never 1,536 915 4

Some of the time 1,536 915 4

About half the time 1,536 915 4

Most of the time 1,536 915 4

Always 

1,536 915 4

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,536 915 435. Why do you think your firefighters do not use SCBAs more often 

when fighting structure fires? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Situation doesn’t require them 1,525 910 4

Firefighters do not trust that the SCBAs will work reliably 1,525 910 4

Firefighters don’t think they need them 1,525 910 4

Firefighters don’t like sharing facepieces with others 1,525 910 4

Firefighters are concerned that the SCBA may be or become 

contaminated 

1,525 910 4

Wearing SCBAs makes it more difficult to work 1,525 910 4

Firefighters don’t have SCBAs to use 1,525 910 4

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,525 910 4
Exhibit B-3c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Type (continued) 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

36. How often is routine maintenance performed on your SCBAs? 

After every time they are used 1,270 739 4

Once a month or more 1,270 739 4

Several times a year 1,270 739 4

Once a year 1,270 739 4Less than once a year 1,270 739 4

Never. Maintenance has not been done on our SCBAs. 1,270 739 4

Does not apply. My department does not have SCBAs. 1,270 739 4

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,270 739 437. How many Chemical/Biological/Radiological/Nuclear (CBRN) 

SCBAs are available (or on order) for use by firefighters within your department at this time?

 Greater than zero 1,518 899 4

Zero 

1,518 899 4

37a. What are the reasons why your fire department does not have 

CBRN SCBAs? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

CBRN SCBA devices are not needed in our department 1,454 853 4

We didn’t know they were available 1,454 853 4

We don’t have adequate technical information to purchase them 1,454 853 4

We don’t have adequate funding to purchase them 1,454 853 4

Other 

1,454 853 4

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,454 853 438. Does your fire department have Automated External 

Defibrillators (AEDs)?

 Yes 1,610 951 5No 

1,610 951 5

38a. At your fire department, where do you have AEDs? 

At the fire station(s) 1,424 858 4On the emergency vehicles (or apparatus) 1,424 858 4

Both at the fire station(s) and on the vehicles (or apparatus) 1,424 858 4

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,424 858 4

B-117 
B-118 Exhibit B-3c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Type (continued) 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

39. How often has routine maintenance, including replacement of 

battery packs, been performed on your AEDs? After every time they are used 1,235 702 4Once a month or more 1,235 702 4

Several times a year 1,235 702 4Once a year 1,235 702 4

Less frequently than once a year 1,235 702 4

Never. Maintenance on our AEDs has not been done. 1,235 702 4

40. About how often do your firefighters carry radios or other twoway communication devices while responding to structure fires? Never 1,610 946 5

Some of the time 1,610 946 5

About half the time 1,610 946 5

Most of the time 1,610 946 5

Always 

1,610 946 5

41. Some radios and other two-way communication devices can 

have problems under field conditions, such as bleed-over, interference, or loss of communication. About how often do your communication devices have these or other problems? 

Never 

1,612 947 5

Some of the time 1,612 947 5

About half the time 1,612 947 5

Most of the time 1,612 947 5

Always 

1,612 947 5
Exhibit B-3c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Type (continued) 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

42. How would you rate your department’s budget in the following 

areas? 

42a. Equipment  Not adequate 1,608 944 5 Adequate 1,608 944 5

More than adequate 

42b. Training 

1,608 944 5

 Not adequate 1,608 945 5 Adequate 1,608 945 5

More than adequate 

42c. Personnel 

1,608 945 5

 Not adequate 1,551 904 5 Adequate 1,551 904 5

More than adequate 1,551 904 5

43. How often have you seen NIOSH reports that describe recent 

firefighter fatalities and make recommendations for avoiding similar incidents? Please refer to the insert sheet included with this survey for examples of NIOSH firefighter safety reports. 

Never 

1,605 948 5

One or two times per year 1,605 948 5Several times per year 1,605 948 5Once a month or more 1,605 948 5

44. How does your department receive the NIOSH Fire Fighter 

Fatality Investigation reports? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 By mail 1,605 945 5

On the Internet 1,605 945 5

From colleagues in other departments 1,605 945 5

At conferences or other meetings 1,605 945 5

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,605 945 5

B-119 
B-120 Exhibit B-3c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Type (continued) 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

45. Have you read part or all of a NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation report in the last 12 months?

 Yes 1,611 948 5No 

1,611 948 5

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,611 948 550. Does the fire department disseminate the information it receives 

from NIOSH to the firefighters?

 Yes 1,583 929 5No 

1,583 929 5

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,583 929 550a. How is this information disseminated to firefighters? MARK ALL 

THAT APPLY. Regular staff meetings 1,585 935 5

 Training sessions 1,585 935 5

Provide copies of NIOSH reports to firefighters 1,585 935 5Provide copies of NIOSH report summaries to firefighters 1,585 935 5Provide summaries prepared by department to firefighters 1,585 935 5

Postings on bulletin boards 1,585 935 5

Post report on the department website 1,585 935 5

Send message to firefighters by email 1,585 935 5

Other 

1,585 935 5

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,585 935 551. The NIOSH reports sometimes reference other documents, such 

as guidelines or more detailed technical reports. Does your fire department usually have access to documents that are referenced in NIOSH reports? 

Yes 

1,564 923 5

No 

1,564 923 5

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,564 923 5
Exhibit B-3c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Type (continued) 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

52. NIOSH reports always include recommendations that are 

designed to help improve the health and safety of firefighters. How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about the NIOSH recommendations: 

52a. Recommendations are practical  Strongly Disagree 1,547 908 5

 Disagree 1,547 908 5

Neither Agree nor Disagree 1,547 908 5

 Agree 1,547 908 5 Strongly Agree 1,547 908 5

 Legitimately Skipped Question 52b. Recommendations are easy to understand 

1,547 908 5

 Strongly Disagree 1,537 905 5

 Disagree 1,537 905 5

Neither Agree nor Disagree 1,537 905 5

 Agree 1,537 905 5 Strongly Agree 1,537 905 5

 Legitimately Skipped Question 52c. Recommendations are specific and concrete 

1,537 905 5

 Strongly Disagree 1,537 904 5

 Disagree 1,537 904 5

Neither Agree nor Disagree 1,537 904 5

 Agree 1,537 904 5 Strongly Agree 1,537 904 5

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,537 904 5

B-121 
B-122 Exhibit B-3c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Type (continued) 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Ur

53. What other NIOSH materials have you seen? MARK ALL THAT 

APPLY. Pocket guide to chemical hazards 1,537 896 5

Respirator maintenance program guide 1,537 896 5CDs of firefighter program materials 1,537 896 5

 Alerts 1,537 896 5 Hazard IDs 1,537 896 5 Workplace Solutions 1,537 896 5

Other 

1,537 896 5

None. I have not seen any NIOSH materials. 1,537 896 5

53a. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with these NIOSH 

materials? 

 Very dissatisfied 1,536 897 5

 Dissatisfied 1,536 897 5

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied 1,536 897 5

 Satisfied 1,536 897 5 Very satisfied 1,536 897 5 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,536 897 554. Have you ever visited the NIOSH website at 

www.cdc.gov/niosh/firehome.html? 

No 

1,589 934 5

Yes, in the last year 1,589 934 5

Yes, longer than one year ago 1,589 934 5

Note: Estimates are generated from the 2006 Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation, Fire DepEstimates within each column from the “Mark all that Apply” questions will not sum to 100. Estimates within each column from the oth

sum to 100 due to rounding. 

The digits in square brackets beside an estimate [#] indicate the estimate is significantly different at the 95% confidence level from th

in column #. A plus sign within the square brackets [+] indicates the estimate has low precision. 

** Estimate is less than 0.1 and therefore rounds to zero. 
Exhibit B-4a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Size 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–

Peo

1. Does your department have a Safety Officer? Yes No 

70.3 29.7 

86.8 [2,3]

13.2 [2,3]

 72.0  28.0 

2. Does your department have a Training Officer? Yes No 

88.5 11.5 

99.0 [2,3]

1.0 [2,3,+]

 91.5 

 8.5 

3. Some fire departments use Standard Operating Procedures 

(SOPs) or Standard Operating Guidelines (SOGs) to 

describe how certain situations should be approached. For which of the following does your department have SOPs/SOGs in place? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Incident Command Systems 83.7 97.7 [2,3] 93.1 

Maintenance of SCBAs 69.7 87.5 [2,3] 77.1 Motor vehicle safety 78.8 92.3 [2,3] 82.8 

Participation in a personal physical fitness program 11.0 54.0 [2,3] 19.7 Participation in regular health screenings for cardiovascular disease 

(CVD) 

16.8 50.1 [2,3] 26.8 

Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs), also known as Rapid Intervention 

Crews (RICs) or Firefighter Assistance and Search Teams (FAST) 

40.4 89.4 [2,3] 60.8 

Use of Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) devices 75.4 90.4 [2,3] 84.8 

Use of personal protective equipment and protective clothing 89.1 96.8 [2,3] 93.1 

Use of radio communications 84.8 95.0 [2,3] 89.6 

 Other 8.7 16.8 [3] 13.5 

Does not apply. Our fire department does not use SOPs/SOGs. 5.0 ** [2,3] 2.1 

B-123 
B-124 Exhibit B-4a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Size (continued) 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–

Peo

4. Do your firefighters receive training on any of the topics 

listed below? If so, is training optional or required? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

4a. Fighting structure fires No Training 1.1 0.4 [+] ** [3,+] 

 Optional Training 16.7 2.6 [2,3] 7.6  Required Training 4b. Driving safety 

82.8 97.0 [2,3] 92.7 

 No Training 3.9 1.4 [3] 1.2  Optional Training 18.6 4.1 [2,3] 11.8  Required Training 4c. Incident Command systems 

77.7 94.5 [2,3] 87.4 

 No Training 2.9 0.1 [3,+] 1.0  Optional Training 27.4 4.7 [2,3] 14.2  Required Training 4d. Maintenance of Self-Contained Breathing Apparatuses 

(SCBAs) 

69.9 95.1 [2,3] 84.8 

 No Training 6.6 3.2 [3] 5.0  Optional Training 33.6 10.7 [2,3] 26.2  Required Training 4e. Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) 

60.3 87.3 [2,3] 69.0 

 No Training 28.5 1.7 [2,3] 12.4  Optional Training 36.2 10.9 [2,3] 34.7  Required Training 35.5 87.4 [2,3] 53.6 
Exhibit B-4a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Size (continued) 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–

Peo

4f. Use of personal protective equipment and/or protective 

clothing 

 No Training 1.5 1.2 [+] 0.9 

 Optional Training 9.9 3.2 [3] 5.4 

 Required Training 88.9 95.7 [3] 94.0 4g. Use of radio communication devices No Training 2.7 2.3 1.6  Optional Training 21.4 6.4 [2,3] 14.1  Required Training 76.2 92.1 [2,3] 84.4 5. Who provides training to your firefighters? MARK ALL THAT 

APPLY. Our department’s Training Officer 84.9 97.7 [2,3] 89.3 

Other officers within our department 82.8 96.6 [2,3] 89.9 State fire training agency 77.4 74.9 [2] 83.9 

United States Fire Administration’s (USFA) National Fire Academy 

in Emmitsburg, MD 

20.9 67.8 [2,3] 36.5 

Conferences or regional meetings 51.7 77.6 [2,3] 61.9 

 Other 25.2 28.0 29.9 6. What other trainings have your firefighters attended in the 

last 12 months? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Roadside incidents/Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVA) 55.3 57.9 62.1 

 Scuba diving 7.5 21.4 [2,3] 10.5 

Swift water rescue 11.2 48.2 [2,3] 17.2 

 Wildland fire fighting 47.0 38.7 [3] 40.0  HAZMAT 66.7 92.4 [2,3] 80.5  Other 31.2 43.6 [2,3] 34.0 

B-125 
B-126 Exhibit B-4a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Size (continued) 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–

Peo

8. How familiar are you with the National Institute for 

Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)? Not at all familiar 8.3 0.3 [2,3,+] 3.6 

Not very familiar 24.3 6.0 [2,3] 16.2 

 Somewhat familiar 58.1 54.3 [2] 64.9  Very familiar 9.3 39.3 [2,3] 15.3 9. How familiar are you with NIOSH’s Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP)? Not at all familiar 20.8 5.8 [2,3] 13.0 

Not very familiar 33.5 19.7 [2,3] 28.4 

 Somewhat familiar 37.9 44.6 [3] 45.9  Very familiar 7.8 29.9 [2,3] 12.7 10. How does your department receive information about 

NIOSH’s firefighter safety and health recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 NIOSH mailings 67.8 74.4 [3] 71.6 

National conference presentations 3.6 24.1 [2,3] 6.8 State-level conference presentations 11.5 24.5 [2,3] 12.8 Other firefighters or departments 22.9 29.2 [2] 21.9 

At seminars or other training opportunities (not conferences) 16.4 29.3 [2,3] 18.5 

Trade publications (such as Firehouse and Fire Engineering) 47.2 66.6 [2,3] 57.0 

 NIOSH website 24.3 72.3 [2,3] 34.8 

Links from other websites (such as NFPA and Firehouse) 28.2 53.4 [2,3] 35.2 Media reports—newspaper, television, radio 14.9 17.6 17.6 

Other 

1.1 3.2 [3] 1.6 

Does not apply. We have not received information about NIOSH 

recommendations. 

11.1 1.1 [2,3,+] 4.3 
Exhibit B-4a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Size (continued) 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–

Peo

11. In what ways has your department used NIOSH 

recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Made changes to training program 40.2 64.9 [2,3] 50.1 

Developed new SOPs/SOGs 26.3 47.4 [2,3] 35.3 Made changes to SOPs/SOGs 34.9 67.3 [2,3] 47.8 Justified current budget/staffing 5.0 16.3 [2,3] 7.9 Made new budget/staffing requests 5.5 16.6 [2,3] 9.7 Justified grant applications 15.5 27.7 [3] 20.5 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations. 30.1 13.3 [2,3] 24.6 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 11.7 1.2 [2,3,+] 4.4 11b. Can you identify topics of NIOSH recommendations that you 

have used for training purposes? If so, MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

 Traffic hazards 29.3 42.1 [2,3] 34.0 

Personal protective equipment and clothing 41.6 61.8 [2,3] 51.1 

 SCBA 40.1 63.4 [2,3] 52.2  PASS systems 32.6 44.5 [3] 42.9 

Incident Command systems 32.1 48.1 [3] 41.1 

 Radio communications 23.0 37.7 [3] 29.8 

Physical fitness and cardiovascular disease (CVD) 8.5 27.5 [2,3] 14.4 Building code compliance (e.g., warning against the use of wooden 

trusses) 

6.9 13.1 [3] 8.4 

 Other 2.3 5.5 [3] 3.6 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations for 

training purposes. 

1.9 1.2 [+] 1.8 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 41.9 14.7 [2,3] 28.7 

B-127 
B-128 Exhibit B-4a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Size (continued) 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–

Peo

12. Does your department have a fitness training that involves 

physical exercise and/or other health promotion activities (for example a cardiovascular fitness program, physical training program, wellness program, or other fitness 

program)? 

No 

78.5 24.5 [2,3] 58.2 

Yes, it’s required 7.0 36.4 [2,3] 12.8 Yes, it’s optional 14.5 39.1 [2,3] 29.0 

13. How often do your firefighters receive screenings for 

cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors? 

One time, when they first join the department 14.5 18.7 [2,3] 25.8 

Less frequently than once a year 7.1 14.2 [3] 9.2 One time a year 17.1 51.9 [2,3] 25.2 More than one time a year 0.3 1.2 [+] 0.6 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive CVD 

screenings 

60.9 14.0 [2,3] 39.1 

14. Do all drivers of vehicles responding to emergency calls 

receive driver training before being allowed to operate the vehicles? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 No 6.4 2.4 [3] 2.9 

Yes, they receive training required by the department 84.0 93.5 [3] 92.0 Yes, they receive training required by the state 25.7 31.5 [3] 31.4 

Yes, they receive optional training 13.8 9.8 [3] 12.1 

15. How often do drivers of your fire department vehicles 

receive refresher driver training to continue being allowed to drive the vehicles? Two or more times a year 14.2 11.3 11.7 Once every year 40.3 42.2 46.7 

Less frequently than once a year 24.8 33.5 [3] 28.3 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive continuing 

driver training. 

20.7 12.9 [3] 13.3 
Exhibit B-4a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Size (continued) 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–

Peo

16. Does your fire department have a requirement regarding 

seat belt use in emergency vehicles? 

Yes 

84.2 97.6 [2,3] 90.1 

 No 15.8 2.4 [2,3,+] 9.9 17. To what extent do you agree or disagree that your 

firefighters are able to fit comfortably in their seatbelts while wearing turnout gear in your emergency vehicles? 

 Strongly disagree 6.9 5.3 6.2  Disagree 18.0 18.3 16.8 

Neither agree nor disagree 30.8 13.2 [2,3] 26.6 

 Agree 32.1 41.3 [3] 34.8  Strongly agree 12.2 21.9 [3] 15.6 18. About how often do you think your firefighters use their 

seatbelts when riding in the emergency vehicles? 

Never 

5.4 1.1 [3,+] 2.6 

Some of the time 22.7 10.6 [2,3] 21.7 About half the time 17.0 8.8 [2,3] 15.1 Most of the time 38.4 49.3 [2,3] 37.1 

 Always 16.5 30.2 [3] 23.5 21. How often is Incident Command established when 

responding to structure fires? 

Never 

2.3 0.7 [3,+] 0.4 

 Rarely 6.8 0.2 [2,3,+] 2.8 

About half the time 6.7 2.1 [3,+] 3.1 Most of the time 27.6 9.5 [2,3] 21.6 

 Always 56.6 87.5 [2,3] 72.1 

B-129 
B-130 Exhibit B-4a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Size (continued) 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–

Peo

22. What are the reasons why Incident Command is not always 

established by your fire department? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not usually big enough to require an Incident Commander 22.5 6.3 [2,3] 12.8 

Not enough firefighters available at the scene of the fire 21.2 2.4 [2,3,+] 11.1 

 Other 6.2 3.2 [3] 5.5 

Does not apply. My department always assigns an Incident 

Commander for structure fires. 

3.6 2.3 3.6 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 56.6 87.8 [2,3] 72.1 

23. When Incident Command is established for a structure fire, 

what are the Incident Commander’s responsibilities? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Conduct an initial assessment before the other firefighters begin 

entering the building 

91.0 90.3 [2] 95.0 

Develop and coordinate the fire attack strategy 93.1 99.2 [2,3] 94.7 Develop and initiate a risk management plan 52.3 77.8 [2,3] 61.4 Document all assessments, plans and events related to the fire 38.8 53.2 [2,3] 40.2 Ensure that at least four (4) firefighters are on the scene before 

entering the building 

68.6 81.1 [2,3] 69.0 

Establish a collapse zone around the building 49.1 62.2 [3] 55.1 Establish Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) or Rapid Intervention 

Crew (RIC) 

48.5 92.2 [2,3] 67.3 

Identify and implement a communication strategy 64.7 71.8 64.4 

Monitor location of all firefighters at the scene 76.2 87.5 [2,3] 77.0 

 Other 9.1 13.0 [3] 11.3 
Exhibit B-4a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Size (continued) 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–

Peo

24. About how often does an Incident Commander assign an 

Incident Safety Officer when responding to structure fires?

 Never 13.3 3.3 [2,3] 7.8 

Some of the time 26.5 33.1 [2] 24.3 

About half the time 8.1 6.6 8.6 

Most of the time 29.8 27.2 [2] 35.2 

 Always 22.3 29.8 [3] 24.1 25. What are the reasons why an Incident Commander does not 

always assign an Incident Safety Officer? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not big enough to require an Incident Safety Officer 32.3 27.4 28.9 

Not enough firefighters are available at the scene of the fire 51.7 25.0 [2,3] 47.9 

 Other 13.1 34.6 [2,3] 17.7 

Does not apply. Our Incident Commanders always assign an 

Incident Safety Officer for structure fires. 

2.1 2.6 2.1 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 22.6 29.9 [3] 24.4 

26. How often are Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) or Rapid 

Intervention Crews (RICs) available at structure fires?

 Never 29.4 3.0 [2,3] 12.7 

Some of the time 21.8 5.5 [2,3] 20.7 About half the time 6.5 3.2 [2] 7.6 

Most of the time 22.5 27.7 [3] 28.2 

 Always 19.9 60.6 [2,3] 30.8 27. In what situations are RITs/RICs established? MARK ALL 

THAT APPLY. 

When the building has more than one story/floor 9.3 7.4 10.4 

When there are enough firefighters on and at the scene of the fire 32.3 20.0 [2,3] 35.6 

Whenever firefighters enter a burning building 26.4 20.8 27.8 

Other 

4.9 6.9 7.5 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 49.3 63.6 [2,3] 43.7 

B-131 
B-132 Exhibit B-4a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Size (continued) 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–

Peo

28. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

use RITs/RICs in every structure fire? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

The structure fire may not be large enough to need an RIT/RIC 34.9 24.5 [3] 31.2 

We don’t have enough equipment, SCBAs, or turnout gear to 

establish an RIT/RIC 

8.8 ** [2,3] 4.3 

We don’t have enough firefighters available at the scene of the fire 53.5 18.2 [2,3] 45.7 We don’t have enough training or trained personnel at the scene to 

establish an RIT/RIC 

20.7 3.7 [2,3] 12.0 

We have never established an RIT/RIC 17.7 1.5 [2,3] 8.3 

We use other fire departments in the area for RITs/RICs 29.2 4.1 [2,3] 28.8 We use other safety practices and so we don’t need them 4.2 2.4 [3] 1.3 

 Other 4.1 8.2 [2] 3.6 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 20.3 61.4 [2,3] 31.3 

29. Does your fire department have enough Personal Alert 

Safety System (PASS) devices for all firefighters for use when fighting structure fires? 

Yes 

78.8 98.6 [2,3] 92.2 

 No 21.2 1.4 [2,3,+] 7.8 30. About how often do you think your firefighters wear their 

PASS devices when fighting structure fires? 

Never 

6.3 ** [2,3] 1.4 

Some of the time 3.9 1.0 [3,+] 0.6 About half the time 1.8 ** [2,3] 1.5 Most of the time 12.8 1.2 [2,3] 9.5 

 Always 75.2 97.8 [2,3] 87.0 
Exhibit B-4a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Size (continued) 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–

Peo

31. Why do you think your firefighters do not use their PASS 

devices more often? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. They don’t have a PASS device to use 13.1 1.0 [2,3,+] 3.3 

Situation doesn’t require them 9.5 0.4 [2,3,+] 5.7 

Firefighters think the devices do not always work reliably 0.3 ** 0.1 

Firefighters don’t think they need them 4.6 1.0 [3,+] 2.7 

Devices go off while firefighters are resting 3.7 0.6 [2,3,+] 3.7 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 75.5 97.8 [2,3] 88.0 32. Does your department have Self Contained Breathing 

Apparatuses (SCBA) for your firefighters to use when combating structure fires? 

Yes 

99.2 99.7 99.7 

No 

0.8 0.3 [+] 0.3 

33. Do your firefighters ever have to share facepieces for 

SCBAs? 

Yes 

49.7 10.4 [2,3] 37.4 

 No 49.5 89.2 [2,3] 62.3  Legitimately Skipped Question 0.8 0.3 [+] 0.3 

33a. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

have personally-fitted SCBA facepieces for all of your firefighters? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Didn’t know it was recommended 4.8 ** [2,3] 3.7 

Firefighters don’t like using the equipment 0.3   

Have never needed them (e.g., we don’t do interior attacks) 0.7 **  [3] ** [3] They cost too much, there is not enough money in the budget 31.8 5.7 [2,3] 23.0 We don’t have enough equipment for all of our firefighters 24.6 2.3 [2,3,+] 13.3 

Shared systems work fine for our needs 23.4 5.0 [2,3] 18.2 

 Other 5.0 4.7 7.5  Legitimately Skipped Question 50.3 89.8 [2,3] 62.5 

B-133 
B-134 Exhibit B-4a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Size (continued) 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–

Peo

34. About how often do you think your firefighters use SCBAs 

while fighting structure fires?

 Never 1.1 ** [3] ** [3] 

Some of the time 4.7 ** [2,3] 1.4 About half the time 2.7 0.8 [3,+] 0.9 Most of the time 24.5 13.8 [3] 15.5 

 Always 66.1 85.1 [3] 81.9  Legitimately Skipped Question 0.8 0.3 [+] 0.3 

35. Why do you think your firefighters do not use SCBAs more 

often when fighting structure fires? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Situation doesn’t require them 

Firefighters do not trust that the SCBAs will work reliably 

Firefighters don’t think they need them 

Firefighters don’t like sharing facepieces with others Firefighters are concerned that the SCBA may be or become 

contaminated 

Wearing SCBAs makes it more difficult to work 

Firefighters don’t have SCBAs to use 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 

25.9 

** 

10.3 

1.0 

** 

5.9 

3.9 

67.8 

10.3 [3]

** 

6.3 [3]

** [3]

** 

3.3 [3]

0.8 [3,+]

86.1 [3]

 12.9 

** 

 6.9 

 0.9 

0.3 

 3.9 

 1.7 

 82.9 

36. How often is routine maintenance performed on your 

SCBAs? After every time they are used 43.0 52.6 [3] 46.6 

Once a month or more 19.0 10.3 [2,3] 20.0 Several times a year 15.0 13.8 15.6 

Once a year 16.4 20.6 15.8 Less than once a year 4.3 1.1 [3,+] 1.2 

Never. Maintenance has not been done on our SCBAs. 1.4 1.3 [+] 0.5 

Does not apply. My department does not have SCBAs.   **  

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1.0 0.4 [+] 0.4 
Exhibit B-4a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Size (continued) 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–

Peo

37. How many Chemical/Biological/Radiological/Nuclear 

(CBRN) SCBAs are available (or on order) for use by firefighters within your department at this time?

 Greater than zero 17.5 47.1 [2,3] 27.1 

 Zero 82.5 52.9 [2,3] 72.9 37a. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

have CBRN SCBAs? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

CBRN SCBA devices are not needed in our department 20.9 10.4 [3] 13.1 

We didn’t know they were available 15.1 6.0 [2,3] 11.2 

We don’t have adequate technical information to purchase them 19.7 7.8 [2,3] 15.7 We don’t have adequate funding to purchase them 60.3 33.4 [2,3] 55.1 

 Other 4.9 16.0 [2,3] 5.3  Legitimately Skipped Question 18.3 48.0 [2,3] 28.5 38. Does your fire department have Automated External 

Defibrillators (AEDs)?

 Yes 77.4 95.2 [2,3] 85.1  No 22.6 4.8 [2,3] 14.9 38a. At your fire department, where do you have AEDs? 

At the fire station(s) 2.8 0.8 [3,+] 0.8 

On the emergency vehicles (or apparatus) 62.0 76.0 [3] 70.1 

Both at the fire station(s) and on the vehicles (or apparatus) 10.4 17.5 [3] 12.1 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 24.9 5.7 [2,3] 17.1 39. How often has routine maintenance, including replacement 

of battery packs, been performed on your AEDs? After every time they are used 13.9 33.4 [2,3] 15.1 

Once a month or more 25.4 26.6 27.0 

Several times a year 20.6 19.1 18.3 

Once a year 22.3 16.6 [2] 26.7 

Less frequently than once a year 7.4 3.2 [3] 6.7 

Never. Maintenance on our AEDs has not been done. 10.4 1.2 [2,3,+] 6.3 

B-135 
B-136 Exhibit B-4a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Size (continued) 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–

Peo

40. About how often do your firefighters carry radios or other 

two-way communication devices while responding to structure fires? 

Never 

1.6 0.3 [3,+] 1.6 

Some of the time 4.7 0.3 [2,3,+] 3.2 About half the time 2.6 0.7 [3,+] 1.4 Most of the time 20.6 3.9 [2,3] 15.1 

 Always 70.4 94.8 [2,3] 78.6 41. Some radios and other two-way communication devices can 

have problems under field conditions, such as bleed-over, interference, or loss of communication. About how often do your communication devices have these or other problems? 

Never 

18.0 10.6 [2,3] 19.0 

Some of the time 64.5 80.2 [2,3] 67.4 About half the time 10.3 4.4 [2,3] 8.9 Most of the time 5.4 4.0 4.1 

Always 

1.8 0.8 [3,+] 0.5 

42. How would you rate your department’s budget in the 

following areas? 

42a. Equipment  Not adequate 48.6 31.7 [2,3] 40.3  Adequate 45.7 56.4 [3] 50.2 

More than adequate 

42b. Training 

5.7 11.9 [3] 9.5 

 Not adequate 39.1 46.6 [2] 35.8 

 Adequate 55.6 47.6 [2,3] 56.3 

More than adequate 5.2 5.8 8.0 
Exhibit B-4a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Size (continued) 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–

Peo

42c. Personnel  Not adequate 51.5 59.9 [2,3] 51.0 

 Adequate 44.3 35.3 [2,3] 44.2 

More than adequate 4.2 4.7 4.9 

43. How often have you seen NIOSH reports that describe 

recent firefighter fatalities and make recommendations for avoiding similar incidents? Please refer to the insert sheet included with this survey for examples of NIOSH firefighter safety reports. 

Never 

26.8 7.3 [2,3] 16.3 

One or two times per year 34.3 27.5 35.1 

Several times per year 33.2 49.3 [3] 41.9 

Once a month or more 5.7 15.9 [2,3] 6.7 

44. How does your department receive the NIOSH Fire Fighter 

Fatality Investigation reports? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 By mail 56.0 55.1 56.7 

On the Internet 24.7 63.4 [2,3] 35.8 

From colleagues in other departments 10.0 18.6 [2,3] 11.4 At conferences or other meetings 6.9 22.5 [2,3] 8.6 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 26.8 7.3 [2,3] 16.3 45. Have you read part or all of a NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation report in the last 12 months?

 Yes 53.3 83.7 [2,3] 65.5  No 20.0 9.1 [2,3] 18.1  Legitimately Skipped Question 26.6 7.3 [2,3] 16.4 50. Does the fire department disseminate the information it 

receives from NIOSH to the firefighters? 

Yes 

60.7 79.8 [2,3] 71.1 

 No 12.1 12.9 12.2 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 27.3 7.3 [2,3] 16.7 

B-137 
B-138 Exhibit B-4a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Size (continued) 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–

Peo

50a. How is this information disseminated to firefighters? MARK 

ALL THAT APPLY. Regular staff meetings 23.5 27.0 23.9 

 Training sessions 44.2 57.7 [2,3] 48.7 

Provide copies of NIOSH reports to firefighters 16.2 32.6 [2,3] 24.9 Provide copies of NIOSH report summaries to firefighters 6.2 8.8 [3] 10.2 Provide summaries prepared by department to firefighters 1.8 8.5 [2,3] 2.2 

Postings on bulletin boards 38.5 37.7 [2] 48.1 Post report on the department website 1.1 7.0 [2,3] 1.8 Send message to firefighters by email 5.3 34.7 [2,3] 9.2 

 Other 1.3 8.6 [2,3] 1.7  Legitimately Skipped Question 39.1 20.5 [2,3] 28.7 51. The NIOSH reports sometimes reference other documents, 

such as guidelines or more detailed technical reports. Does your fire department usually have access to documents that are referenced in NIOSH reports? 

Yes 

34.2 78.4 [2,3] 47.8 

 No 38.4 14.1 [2,3] 35.4  Legitimately Skipped Question 27.4 7.6 [2,3] 16.7 
Exhibit B-4a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Size (continued) 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–

Peo

52. NIOSH reports always include recommendations that are 

designed to help improve the health and safety of firefighters. How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about the NIOSH recommendations: 

52a. Recommendations are practical  Strongly Disagree 0.5 1.5 [+] 0.5 

 Disagree 3.6 3.6 4.2 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 18.7 18.4 17.8 

 Agree 45.6 59.6 [3] 56.3 

 Strongly Agree 3.7 9.4 [2,3] 4.0  Legitimately Skipped Question 52b. Recommendations are easy to understand 

28.0 7.5 [2,3] 17.1 

 Strongly Disagree 0.4 2.2 [+] 0.3  Disagree 1.7 2.1 3.3 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 19.8 13.2 [3] 18.0 

 Agree 45.4 62.8 [3] 56.2  Strongly Agree 4.6 12.1 [2,3] 5.0  Legitimately Skipped Question 52c. Recommendations are specific and concrete 

28.1 7.6 [2,3] 17.2 

 Strongly Disagree 0.4 2.9 0.5  Disagree 3.2 6.4 [3] 4.5 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 26.6 21.4 [2] 28.9 

 Agree 37.9 52.4 [3] 44.9 

 Strongly Agree 3.8 9.3 [2,3] 4.0  Legitimately Skipped Question 28.0 7.6 [2,3] 17.2 

B-139 
B-140 Exhibit B-4a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Jurisdiction Size (continued) 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–

Peo

53. What other NIOSH materials have you seen? MARK ALL 

THAT APPLY. Pocket guide to chemical hazards 57.4 85.2 [2,3] 64.8 

Respirator maintenance program guide 13.8 26.3 [2,3] 18.0 CDs of firefighter program materials 28.0 41.2 [2,3] 30.1 

 Alerts 31.7 62.9 [2,3] 41.3  Hazard IDs 16.6 23.9 [3] 17.7  Workplace Solutions 12.5 17.1 [3] 15.7  Other 0.8 2.9 1.0 

None. I have not seen any NIOSH materials. 25.2 5.5 [2,3] 15.9 

53a. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with these NIOSH 

materials? 

 Very dissatisfied 1.3 3.5 1.4 

 Dissatisfied 0.2 ** ** [+] 

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied 21.2 15.5 21.8 

 Satisfied 47.1 60.4 [3] 55.5 

 Very satisfied 5.2 14.9 [2,3] 5.8  Legitimately Skipped Question 24.9 5.6 [2,3] 15.7 54. Have you ever visited the NIOSH website at 

www.cdc.gov/niosh/firehome.html? 

No 

59.4 14.4 [2,3] 48.6 

Yes, in the last year 34.5 74.6 [2,3] 45.1 Yes, longer than one year ago 6.1 11.0 [3] 6.4 

Note: The 0-4,999 column includes those records with a missing value for population protected.
 Estimates are generated from the 2006 Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation, Fire DepartmeEstimates within each column from the “Mark all that Apply” questions will not sum to 100. Estimates within each column from the oth

sum to 100 due to rounding. 

The digits in square brackets beside an estimate [#] indicate the estimate is significantly different at the 95% confidence level from th

in column #. A plus sign within the square brackets [+] indicates the estimate has low precision. 

** Estimate is less than 0.1 and therefore rounds to zero. 
Exhibit B-4b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Size 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peop

1. Does your department have a Safety Officer? Yes No 

(67.5, 72.9) (27.1, 32.5) 

(81.3, 90.8) 

(9.2, 18.7) 

(67.6, 7

(24.0, 3

2. Does your department have a Training Officer? Yes No 

(86.4, 90.3) 

(9.7, 13.6) 

(97.0, 99.7) 

(0.3, 3.0) 

(88.6, 9

(6.2, 1

3. Some fire departments use Standard Operating Procedures 

(SOPs) or Standard Operating Guidelines (SOGs) to 

describe how certain situations should be approached. For which of the following does your department have SOPs/SOGs in place? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Incident Command Systems (81.3, 85.8) (94.5, 99.1) (90.3, 9

Maintenance of SCBAs (66.9, 72.3) (81.9, 91.5) (72.8, 8

Motor vehicle safety (76.3, 81.2) (88.1, 95.1) (79.0, 8

Participation in a personal physical fitness program (9.6, 12.7) (47.4, 60.6) (16.3, 2Participation in regular health screenings for cardiovascular disease 

(CVD) 

(14.9, 18.9) (43.5, 56.7) (22.9, 3

Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs), also known as Rapid Intervention 

Crews (RICs) or Firefighter Assistance and Search Teams (FAST) 

(37.7, 43.2) (85.0, 92.6) (56.3, 6

Use of Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) devices (72.7, 77.9) (85.8, 93.6) (81.1, 8

Use of personal protective equipment and protective clothing (87.1, 90.9) (93.7, 98.4) (90.2, 9

Use of radio communications (82.5, 86.8) (91.3, 97.1) (86.5, 9

Other 

(7.2, 10.5) (12.1, 22.8) (10.5, 1

Does not apply. Our fire department does not use SOPs/SOGs. (3.8, 6.5) (**, **) (1.1, 4

B-141 
B-142 Exhibit B-4b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Size 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peop

4. Do your firefighters receive training on any of the topics 

listed below? If so, is training optional or required? 

4a. Fighting structure fires 

No Training (0.6, 2.0) (0.1, 3.0) (**, *Optional Training (14.6, 19.1) (1.0, 6.2) (5.4, 1

Required Training 

4b. Driving safety 

(80.4, 85.0) (93.3, 98.7) (89.9, 9

No Training (2.9, 5.3) (0.6, 3.5) (0.5, 2Optional Training (16.3, 21.1) (2.0, 8.2) (9.0, 1

Required Training 

4c. Incident Command systems 

(75.1, 80.1) (90.4, 96.9) (83.9, 9

No Training (2.0, 4.1) (0.0, 0.9) (0.4, 2Optional Training (24.8, 30.2) (2.4, 9.2) (11.2, 1

Required Training 

4d. Maintenance of Self-Contained Breathing Apparatuses 

(SCBAs) 

(67.1, 72.6) (90.7, 97.5) (81.0, 8

No Training (5.2, 8.3) (1.4, 6.8) (3.3, 7Optional Training (30.8, 36.5) (6.9, 16.1) (22.3, 3

Required Training 

4e. Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) 

(57.3, 63.1) (81.6, 91.4) (64.5, 7

No Training (25.8, 31.3) (0.7, 3.9) (9.6, 1

Optional Training (33.3, 39.2) (7.0, 16.6) (30.2, 3

Required Training (32.8, 38.3) (81.7, 91.6) (48.9, 5
Exhibit B-4b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Size 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peop

4f. Use of personal protective equipment and/or protective 

clothing No Training (0.9, 2.4) (0.3, 4.7) (0.4, 2Optional Training (8.2, 11.8) (1.6, 6.1) (3.7, 7

Required Training 

4g. Use of radio communication devices 

(86.9, 90.7) (92.1, 97.7) (91.5, 9

No Training (1.9, 3.8) (0.9, 5.9) (0.9, 3

Optional Training (19.0, 23.9) (3.7, 10.8) (11.1, 1

Required Training (73.6, 78.6) (87.4, 95.2) (80.7, 8

5. Who provides training to your firefighters? MARK ALL THAT 

APPLY. Our department’s Training Officer (82.6, 86.9) (94.6, 99.0) (86.1, 9

Other officers within our department (80.4, 85.0) (93.9, 98.2) (86.6, 9

State fire training agency (74.8, 79.8) (69.4, 79.7) (80.1, 8

United States Fire Administration’s (USFA) National Fire Academy 

in Emmitsburg, MD 

(18.9, 23.1) (61.5, 73.5) (32.3, 4

Conferences or regional meetings (48.8, 54.6) (71.9, 82.4) (57.4, 6

Other (22.7, 27.8) (22.1, 34.7) (25.8, 3

6. What other trainings have your firefighters attended in the 

last 12 months? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Roadside incidents/Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVA) (52.4, 58.2) (51.4, 64.1) (57.5, 6

Scuba diving (6.2, 9.1) (16.5, 27.2) (8.0, 1

Swift water rescue (9.6, 13.0) (41.6, 54.9) (14.0, 2

Wildland fire fighting (44.1, 49.9) (32.4, 45.3) (35.6, 4

HAZMAT (63.8, 69.4) (88.1, 95.2) (76.6, 8

Other (28.5, 33.9) (37.1, 50.3) (29.7, 3

B-143 
B-144 Exhibit B-4b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Size 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peop

8. How familiar are you with the National Institute for 

Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)? Not at all familiar (6.8, 10.2) (0.0, 2.2) (2.2, 5

Not very familiar (21.8, 27.0) (3.6, 9.9) (13.0, 2

Somewhat familiar (55.2, 61.0) (47.6, 60.9) (60.3, 6Very familiar (7.8, 10.9) (33.1, 46.0) (12.3, 1

9. How familiar are you with NIOSH’s Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP)? Not at all familiar (18.4, 23.3) (3.6, 9.2) (10.1, 1

Not very familiar (30.8, 36.4) (14.8, 25.7) (24.4, 3Somewhat familiar (35.1, 40.7) (38.0, 51.4) (41.3, 5Very familiar (6.5, 9.4) (24.3, 36.3) (10.0, 1

10. How does your department receive information about 

NIOSH’s firefighter safety and health recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. NIOSH mailings (64.9, 70.5) (68.4, 79.6) (67.1, 7

National conference presentations (2.8, 4.7) (18.7, 30.4) (4.9, 9

State-level conference presentations (9.7, 13.5) (19.1, 30.7) (10.0, 1

Other firefighters or departments (20.5, 25.5) (23.7, 35.3) (18.3, 2

At seminars or other training opportunities (not conferences) (14.3, 18.6) (23.6, 35.9) (15.1, 2Trade publications (such as Firehouse and Fire Engineering) (44.3, 50.1) (60.1, 72.5) (52.3, 6

NIOSH website (22.0, 26.7) (65.9, 78.0) (30.5, 3

Links from other websites (such as NFPA and Firehouse) (25.7, 30.9) (46.7, 60.1) (30.9, 3Media reports—newspaper, television, radio (12.9, 17.1) (13.2, 23.0) (14.3, 2

Other 

(0.7, 1.9) (1.6, 6.1) (0.8, 3

Does not apply. We have not received information about NIOSH 

recommendations. 

(9.3, 13.2) (0.4, 3.1) (2.8, 6
Exhibit B-4b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Size 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peop

11. In what ways has your department used NIOSH 

recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Made changes to training program (37.3, 43.1) (58.3, 71.1) (45.4, 5Developed new SOPs/SOGs (23.8, 29.0) (40.6, 54.3) (30.9, 4Made changes to SOPs/SOGs (32.2, 37.7) (60.6, 73.3) (43.1, 5Justified current budget/staffing (4.0, 6.3) (12.1, 21.6) (5.8, 1Made new budget/staffing requests (4.4, 6.8) (12.3, 22.0) (7.3, 1Justified grant applications (13.5, 17.8) (22.1, 34.1) (16.9, 2

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations. (27.3, 32.9) (9.6, 18.2) (20.7, 2

 Legitimately Skipped Question (9.8, 13.9) (0.4, 3.2) (2.9, 611b. Can you identify topics of NIOSH recommendations that you 

have used for training purposes? If so, MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Traffic hazards (26.7, 32.1) (35.6, 49.0) (29.6, 3

Personal protective equipment and clothing (38.7, 44.5) (55.0, 68.2) (46.4, 5

SCBA 

(37.2, 43.0) (56.9, 69.4) (47.5, 5

PASS systems (29.9, 35.5) (37.9, 51.3) (38.3, 4

Incident Command systems (29.4, 34.9) (41.3, 55.0) (36.5, 4

Radio communications (20.7, 25.6) (31.2, 44.6) (25.7, 3

Physical fitness and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (7.1, 10.2) (21.8, 34.0) (11.4, 1

Building code compliance (e.g., warning against the use of wooden 

trusses) 

(5.6, 8.5) (9.1, 18.6) (6.2, 1

Other 

(1.6, 3.4) (3.0, 9.9) (2.2, 5

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations for 

training purposes. 

(1.3, 2.9) (0.4, 3.4) (0.9, 3

 Legitimately Skipped Question (38.9, 44.8) (10.8, 19.7) (24.6, 3

B-145 
B-146 Exhibit B-4b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Size 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peop

12. Does your department have a fitness training that involves 

physical exercise and/or other health promotion activities (for example a cardiovascular fitness program, physical training program, wellness program, or other fitness 

program)? 

No 

(76.4, 80.4) (19.4, 30.6) (53.8, 6

Yes, it’s required (5.9, 8.3) (30.3, 43.0) (10.3, 1Yes, it’s optional (12.8, 16.4) (33.1, 45.4) (25.0, 3

13. How often do your firefighters receive screenings for 

cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors? 

One time, when they first join the department (12.7, 16.6) (13.9, 24.7) (22.0, 3

Less frequently than once a year (5.8, 8.6) (10.2, 19.6) (6.9, 1

One time a year (15.2, 19.3) (45.0, 58.7) (21.5, 2More than one time a year (0.1, 0.7) (0.3, 5.2) (0.2, 1

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive CVD 

screenings 

(58.3, 63.5) (10.2, 19.0) (34.8, 4

14. Do all drivers of vehicles responding to emergency calls 

receive driver training before being allowed to operate the vehicles? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 No (5.1, 8.0) (0.9, 5.9) (1.8, 4

Yes, they receive training required by the department (81.7, 86.0) (89.7, 96.0) (89.2, 9

Yes, they receive training required by the state (23.3, 28.3) (25.7, 37.9) (27.3, 3

Yes, they receive optional training (11.8, 15.9) (6.5, 14.5) (9.4, 1

15. How often do drivers of your fire department vehicles 

receive refresher driver training to continue being allowed to drive the vehicles? Two or more times a year (12.2, 16.4) (7.8, 16.2) (9.1, 1Once every year (37.5, 43.2) (35.7, 48.9) (42.0, 5

Less frequently than once a year (22.3, 27.3) (27.4, 40.3) (24.2, 3

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive continuing 

driver training. 

(18.4, 23.2) (9.3, 17.8) (10.4, 1
Exhibit B-4b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Size 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peop

16. Does your fire department have a requirement regarding 

seat belt use in emergency vehicles? 

Yes 

(81.9, 86.3) (92.9, 99.2) (86.9, 9

No 

(13.7, 18.1) (0.8, 7.1) (7.3, 1

17. To what extent do you agree or disagree that your 

firefighters are able to fit comfortably in their seatbelts while wearing turnout gear in your emergency vehicles? 

Strongly disagree (5.5, 8.5) (2.8, 9.7) (4.2, 8

Disagree (15.8, 20.4) (13.7, 24.1) (13.5, 2

Neither agree nor disagree (28.2, 33.7) (9.0, 18.8) (22.6, 3

Agree (29.5, 34.9) (34.9, 48.1) (30.5, 3

Strongly agree (10.4, 14.2) (17.0, 27.6) (12.5, 1

18. About how often do you think your firefighters use their 

seatbelts when riding in the emergency vehicles? 

Never 

(4.2, 6.9) (0.2, 7.3) (1.4, 4

Some of the time (20.3, 25.3) (7.4, 14.8) (18.0, 2About half the time (14.8, 19.4) (6.1, 12.7) (12.0, 1

Most of the time (35.6, 41.3) (42.6, 56.0) (32.7, 4

Always (14.6, 18.7) (24.5, 36.6) (19.9, 2

21. How often is Incident Command established when 

responding to structure fires? 

Never 

(1.5, 3.5) (0.1, 4.7) (0.1, 1

 Rarely (5.4, 8.5) (0.0, 1.2) (1.6, 4

About half the time (5.3, 8.4) (0.6, 6.8) (1.9, 5

Most of the time (25.0, 30.4) (6.0, 14.7) (18.0, 2

Always (53.7, 59.4) (81.7, 91.7) (67.7, 7

B-147 
B-148 Exhibit B-4b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Size 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peop

22. What are the reasons why Incident Command is not always 

established by your fire department? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not usually big enough to require an Incident Commander (20.1, 25.1) (3.5, 11.2) (9.9, 1

Not enough firefighters available at the scene of the fire (18.8, 23.7) (0.8, 7.2) (8.5, 1

Other 

(5.0, 7.8) (1.4, 7.2) (3.7, 8

Does not apply. My department always assigns an Incident 

Commander for structure fires. 

(2.7, 4.9) (0.9, 5.6) (2.2, 5

 Legitimately Skipped Question (53.7, 59.5) (81.9, 91.9) (67.7, 

23. When Incident Command is established for a structure fire, 

what are the Incident Commander’s responsibilities? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Conduct an initial assessment before the other firefighters begin 

entering the building 

(89.1, 92.6) (85.7, 93.5) (92.7, 9

Develop and coordinate the fire attack strategy (91.4, 94.5) (97.3, 99.7) (92.0, 9

Develop and initiate a risk management plan (49.4, 55.3) (71.9, 82.8) (56.7, 6

Document all assessments, plans and events related to the fire (36.0, 41.7) (46.7, 59.6) (35.8, 

Ensure that at least four (4) firefighters are on the scene before 

entering the building 

(65.7, 71.3) (75.2, 85.8) (64.5, 

Establish a collapse zone around the building (46.1, 52.0) (55.6, 68.4) (50.4, 5

Establish Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) or Rapid Intervention Crew 

(RIC) 

(45.7, 51.3) (88.1, 95.0) (62.9, 7

Identify and implement a communication strategy (61.9, 67.5) (65.1, 77.5) (59.7, 6

Monitor location of all firefighters at the scene (73.6, 78.7) (81.7, 91.7) (72.7, 8

Other 

(7.6, 10.9) (9.1, 18.2) (8.6, 1

24. About how often does an Incident Commander assign an 

Incident Safety Officer when responding to structure fires?

 Never (11.4, 15.5) (1.7, 6.5) (5.7, 1

Some of the time (24.0, 29.2) (26.9, 39.9) (20.5, 2

About half the time (6.6, 9.9) (3.8, 11.0) (6.3, 1

Most of the time (27.2, 32.5) (21.7, 33.5) (30.8, 3

Always 

(19.9, 24.9) (24.4, 35.9) (20.3, 2
Exhibit B-4b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Size 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peop

25. What are the reasons why an Incident Commander does not 

always assign an Incident Safety Officer? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not big enough to require an Incident Safety Officer (29.5, 35.1) (22.0, 33.5) (24.7, 3

Not enough firefighters are available at the scene of the fire (48.7, 54.6) (19.6, 31.3) (43.3, 5

Other (11.3, 15.1) (28.7, 41.0) (14.4, 2

Does not apply. Our Incident Commanders always assign an 

Incident Safety Officer for structure fires. 

(1.4, 3.0) (1.1, 6.1) (1.1, 4

 Legitimately Skipped Question (20.3, 25.2) (24.5, 36.0) (20.5, 226. How often are Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) or Rapid 

Intervention Crews (RICs) available at structure fires? Never (26.7, 32.1) (1.5, 6.0) (9.9, 1

Some of the time (19.5, 24.3) (3.4, 8.9) (17.2, 2

About half the time (5.2, 8.0) (1.3, 7.5) (5.5, 1

Most of the time (20.2, 25.0) (21.9, 34.3) (24.2, 3

Always (17.8, 22.1) (53.8, 67.0) (26.7, 3

27. In what situations are RITs/RICs established? MARK ALL 

THAT APPLY. 

When the building has more than one story/floor (7.8, 11.2) (4.6, 11.6) (7.9, 1

When there are enough firefighters on and at the scene of the fire (29.6, 35.1) (15.0, 26.3) (31.3, 4Whenever firefighters enter a burning building (23.9, 29.1) (15.6, 27.1) (23.8, 3

Other 

(3.8, 6.3) (4.3, 11.0) (5.4, 1

 Legitimately Skipped Question (46.4, 52.2) (56.7, 69.9) (39.1, 4

B-149 
B-150 Exhibit B-4b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Size 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peop

28. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

use RITs/RICs in every structure fire? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

The structure fire may not be large enough to need an RIT/RIC (32.1, 37.8) (18.9, 31.1) (27.0, 3

We don’t have enough equipment, SCBAs, or turnout gear to 

establish an RIT/RIC 

(7.2, 10.8) (**, **) (2.7, 6

We don’t have enough firefighters available at the scene of the fire (50.6, 56.5) (13.3, 24.5) (41.1, 5

We don’t have enough training or trained personnel at the scene to 

establish an RIT/RIC 

(18.3, 23.2) (1.8, 7.4) (9.2, 1

We have never established an RIT/RIC (15.5, 20.1) (0.7, 3.6) (6.0, 1

We use other fire departments in the area for RITs/RICs (26.6, 32.0) (2.0, 8.3) (24.6, 3We use other safety practices and so we don’t need them (3.1, 5.7) (1.0, 5.7) (0.6, 3

Other 

(3.1, 5.4) (4.9, 13.1) (2.2, 5

 Legitimately Skipped Question (18.1, 22.6) (54.6, 67.9) (27.2, 329. Does your fire department have enough Personal Alert 

Safety System (PASS) devices for all firefighters for use when fighting structure fires? 

Yes 

(76.2, 81.1) (95.4, 99.6) (89.3, 9

No 

(18.9, 23.8) (0.4, 4.6) (5.6, 1

30. About how often do you think your firefighters wear their 

PASS devices when fighting structure fires? 

Never 

(4.9, 8.0) (**, **) (0.6, 3

Some of the time (2.9, 5.3) (0.2, 4.5) (0.2, 1About half the time (1.2, 2.8) (**, **) (0.7, 3

Most of the time (10.9, 15.0) (0.5, 2.9) (7.1, 1

Always (72.5, 77.6) (94.9, 99.1) (83.6, 8
Exhibit B-4b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Size 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peop

31. Why do you think your firefighters do not use their PASS 

devices more often? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. They don’t have a PASS device to use (11.2, 15.4) (0.2, 4.5) (2.0, 5

Situation doesn’t require them (7.9, 11.4) (0.1, 1.8) (3.8, 8

Firefighters think the devices do not always work reliably (0.1, 1.0) (**, **) (0.0, 0

Firefighters don’t think they need them (3.5, 5.9) (0.2, 4.5) (1.5, 4

Devices go off while firefighters are resting (2.7, 4.9) (0.2, 2.0) (2.3, 5

 Legitimately Skipped Question (72.9, 78.0) (94.9, 99.1) (84.7, 932. Does your department have Self Contained Breathing 

Apparatuses (SCBA) for your firefighters to use when combating structure fires? 

Yes 

(98.4, 99.6) (97.8, 100.0) (98.7, 9

No 

(0.4, 1.6) (0.0, 2.2) (0.1, 1

33. Do your firefighters ever have to share facepieces for 

SCBAs? 

Yes 

(46.7, 52.7) (6.7, 15.9) (32.8, 4

No 

(46.5, 52.5) (83.7, 93.1) (57.5, 6

 Legitimately Skipped Question (0.4, 1.6) (0.0, 2.4) (0.1, 1

33a. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

have personally-fitted SCBA facepieces for all of your firefighters? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Didn’t know it was recommended (3.5, 6.3) (**, **) (2.2, 6

Firefighters don’t like using the equipment (0.1, 0.9) (**, **) (**, *

Have never needed them (e.g., we don’t do interior attacks) (0.3, 1.5) (**, **) (**, *

They cost too much, there is not enough money in the budget (29.0, 34.7) (3.0, 10.5) (19.1, 2

We don’t have enough equipment for all of our firefighters (22.0, 27.3) (0.8, 6.4) (10.3, 1

Shared systems work fine for our needs (20.9, 26.2) (2.5, 9.9) (14.7, 2

Other 

(3.8, 6.5) (2.2, 9.6) (5.3, 1

 Legitimately Skipped Question (47.4, 53.3) (84.2, 93.5) (57.7, 6

B-151 
B-152 Exhibit B-4b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Size 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peop

34. About how often do you think your firefighters use SCBAs 

while fighting structure fires?

 Never (0.6, 2.2) (**, **) (**, *

Some of the time (3.6, 6.2) (**, **) (0.6, 3About half the time (1.8, 3.9) (0.1, 5.3) (0.3, 2Most of the time (22.0, 27.2) (9.5, 19.5) (12.3, 1

Always (63.3, 68.9) (79.3, 89.5) (77.9, 8

 Legitimately Skipped Question (0.4, 1.6) (0.0, 2.4) (0.1, 1

35. Why do you think your firefighters do not use SCBAs more 

often when fighting structure fires? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Situation doesn’t require them 

Firefighters do not trust that the SCBAs will work reliably 

Firefighters don’t think they need them 

Firefighters don’t like sharing facepieces with others Firefighters are concerned that the SCBA may be or become 

contaminated 

Wearing SCBAs makes it more difficult to work 

Firefighters don’t have SCBAs to use 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 

(23.3, 28.6) 

(**, **) 

(8.6, 12.3) 

(0.5, 1.8) 

(**, **) 

(4.6, 7.5) 

(2.8, 5.4) 

(64.9, 70.5) 

(6.7, 15.5) 

(**, **) 

(3.7, 10.5) 

(**, **) 

(**, **) 

(1.4, 7.5) 

(0.1, 5.4) 

(80.4, 90.4) 

(10.0, 1

(**, *

(4.8, 9

(0.3, 2

(0.0, 1

(2.4, 6

(0.8, 3

(79.0, 8

36. How often is routine maintenance performed on your 

SCBAs? After every time they are used Once a month or more Several times a year Once a year Less than once a year 

Never. Maintenance has not been done on our SCBAs. Does not apply. My department does not have SCBAs. 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 

(39.7, 46.3) 

(16.5, 21.7) 

(12.8, 17.5) 

(14.1, 19.1) 

(3.1, 5.9) 

(0.8, 2.5) 

(**, **) 

(0.5, 2.0) 

(45.1, 60.0) 

(6.1, 16.9) 

(9.4, 19.6) 

(15.1, 27.4) 

(0.3, 3.7) 

(0.3, 5.6) 

(**, **) 

(0.1, 2.8) 

(41.3, 5

(16.0, 2

(12.2, 1

(12.3, 2

(0.5, 2

(0.1, 2

(**, *

(0.1, 1
Exhibit B-4b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Size 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peop

37. How many Chemical/Biological/Radiological/Nuclear 

(CBRN) SCBAs are available (or on order) for use by firefighters within your department at this time? Greater than zero (15.5, 19.8) (40.2, 54.1) (23.2, 3

Zero 

(80.2, 84.5) (45.9, 59.8) (68.5, 7

37a. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

have CBRN SCBAs? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

CBRN SCBA devices are not needed in our department (18.5, 23.6) (6.5, 16.0) (10.1, 1

We didn’t know they were available (12.9, 17.5) (3.3, 10.8) (8.4, 1

We don’t have adequate technical information to purchase them (17.3, 22.3) (4.5, 13.2) (12.3, 1

We don’t have adequate funding to purchase them (57.2, 63.2) (27.1, 40.3) (50.2, 5

Other 

(3.7, 6.4) (11.1, 22.3) (3.5, 7

 Legitimately Skipped Question (16.2, 20.6) (41.0, 55.1) (24.4, 338. Does your fire department have Automated External 

Defibrillators (AEDs)?

 Yes (74.8, 79.9) (91.4, 97.4) (81.4, 8No 

(20.1, 25.2) (2.6, 8.6) (11.8, 1

38a. At your fire department, where do you have AEDs? 

At the fire station(s) (1.9, 4.1) (0.2, 3.0) (0.2, 2On the emergency vehicles (or apparatus) (58.9, 64.9) (68.9, 81.9) (65.3, 7

Both at the fire station(s) and on the vehicles (or apparatus) (8.7, 12.3) (12.4, 24.3) (9.2, 1

 Legitimately Skipped Question (22.2, 27.7) (3.1, 10.2) (13.6, 2

39. How often has routine maintenance, including replacement 

of battery packs, been performed on your AEDs? After every time they are used (11.7, 16.4) (27.4, 40.0) (11.7, 1

Once a month or more (22.6, 28.5) (20.7, 33.5) (22.5, 3

Several times a year (18.0, 23.4) (14.0, 25.5) (14.5, 2

Once a year (19.6, 25.3) (12.1, 22.3) (22.3, 3

Less frequently than once a year (5.8, 9.5) (1.4, 6.9) (4.4, 9

Never. Maintenance on our AEDs has not been done. (8.4, 12.8) (0.4, 3.1) (4.1, 9

B-153 
B-154 Exhibit B-4b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Size 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peop

40. About how often do your firefighters carry radios or other 

two-way communication devices while responding to structure fires? 

Never 

(1.0, 2.6) (0.0, 2.2) (0.7, 3

Some of the time (3.6, 6.1) (0.0, 2.1) (1.9, 5About half the time (1.8, 3.8) (0.2, 3.0) (0.7, 3Most of the time (18.3, 23.1) (2.1, 7.3) (12.0, 1

Always (67.7, 73.0) (91.2, 96.9) (74.5, 8

41. Some radios and other two-way communication devices can 

have problems under field conditions, such as bleed-over, interference, or loss of communication. About how often do your communication devices have these or other problems? Never (15.9, 20.4) (7.2, 15.4) (15.5, 2

Some of the time (61.6, 67.3) (74.4, 85.0) (62.8, 7

About half the time (8.6, 12.2) (2.3, 8.2) (6.5, 1Most of the time (4.2, 6.9) (2.0, 8.0) (2.6, 6

Always 

(1.1, 2.9) (0.2, 3.1) (0.1, 2

42. How would you rate your department’s budget in the 

following areas? 

42a. Equipment 

Not adequate (45.7, 51.6) (25.8, 38.3) (35.8, 4Adequate (42.8, 48.6) (49.6, 62.9) (45.4, 5

More than adequate (4.5, 7.2) (8.1, 17.3) (7.0, 1
Exhibit B-4b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Size 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peop

42b. Training 

Not adequate (36.3, 42.0) (40.1, 53.2) (31.5, 4Adequate (52.7, 58.6) (41.0, 54.3) (51.6, 6

More than adequate 

42c. Personnel 

(4.0, 6.8) (3.4, 9.8) (5.7, 1

Not adequate (48.5, 54.5) (53.8, 65.8) (46.3, 5Adequate (41.3, 47.3) (29.6, 41.6) (39.5, 4

More than adequate (3.1, 5.7) (2.7, 8.1) (3.1, 7

43. How often have you seen NIOSH reports that describe 

recent firefighter fatalities and make recommendations for avoiding similar incidents? Please refer to the insert sheet included with this survey for examples of NIOSH firefighter safety reports. Never (24.2, 29.5) (4.7, 11.2) (13.1, 2

One or two times per year (31.6, 37.2) (21.7, 34.0) (30.7, 3

Several times per year (30.5, 35.9) (42.6, 56.1) (37.3, 4

Once a month or more (4.5, 7.2) (11.6, 21.3) (4.8, 9

44. How does your department receive the NIOSH Fire Fighter 

Fatality Investigation reports? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

By mail (53.1, 58.9) (48.6, 61.5) (52.0, 6

On the Internet (22.4, 27.1) (56.6, 69.8) (31.5, 4

From colleagues in other departments (8.3, 11.8) (13.9, 24.4) (8.8, 1

At conferences or other meetings (5.7, 8.5) (17.6, 28.4) (6.4, 1

 Legitimately Skipped Question (24.2, 29.5) (4.7, 11.3) (13.1, 2

B-155 
B-156 Exhibit B-4b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Size 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peop

45. Have you read part or all of a NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation report in the last 12 months?

 Yes (50.4, 56.2) (78.5, 87.8) (60.9, 6No 

(17.8, 22.5) (6.0, 13.6) (14.8, 2

 Legitimately Skipped Question (24.1, 29.4) (4.6, 11.1) (13.2, 2

50. Does the fire department disseminate the information it 

receives from NIOSH to the firefighters? 

Yes 

(57.7, 63.5) (74.1, 84.5) (66.6, 7

No 

(10.2, 14.1) (9.1, 18.0) (9.4, 1

 Legitimately Skipped Question (24.7, 30.0) (4.7, 11.2) (13.4, 2

50a. How is this information disseminated to firefighters? MARK 

ALL THAT APPLY. Regular staff meetings (21.1, 26.1) (21.3, 33.6) (20.1, 2Training sessions (41.3, 47.2) (51.0, 64.2) (43.9, 5

Provide copies of NIOSH reports to firefighters (14.2, 18.3) (26.5, 39.3) (21.2, 2Provide copies of NIOSH report summaries to firefighters (5.0, 7.7) (5.7, 13.2) (7.7, 1

Provide summaries prepared by department to firefighters (1.2, 2.7) (5.6, 12.6) (1.1, 4

Postings on bulletin boards (35.6, 41.3) (31.2, 44.6) (43.4, 5Post report on the department website (0.7, 1.8) (4.3, 11.4) (0.9, 3

Send message to firefighters by email (4.3, 6.5) (28.5, 41.5) (7.0, 1

Other 

(0.8, 2.0) (5.4, 13.5) (0.8, 3

 Legitimately Skipped Question (36.2, 42.0) (15.7, 26.2) (24.6, 351. The NIOSH reports sometimes reference other documents, 

such as guidelines or more detailed technical reports. Does your fire department usually have access to documents that are referenced in NIOSH reports? 

Yes 

(31.6, 36.9) (72.5, 83.3) (43.3, 5

No 

(35.5, 41.3) (10.1, 19.3) (31.0, 4

 Legitimately Skipped Question (24.8, 30.2) (4.8, 11.6) (13.5, 2
Exhibit B-4b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Size 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peop

52. NIOSH reports always include recommendations that are 

designed to help improve the health and safety of firefighters. How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about the NIOSH recommendations: 

52a. Recommendations are practical 

Strongly Disagree (0.2, 1.1) (0.4, 5.9) (0.2, 1

Disagree (2.6, 4.8) (1.7, 7.4) (2.7, 6

Neither Agree nor Disagree (16.5, 21.2) (13.5, 24.6) (14.4, 2Agree (42.7, 48.6) (52.7, 66.2) (51.5, 6

Strongly Agree (2.7, 5.0) (6.0, 14.3) (2.5, 6

 Legitimately Skipped Question 52b. Recommendations are easy to understand 

(25.3, 30.8) (4.8, 11.5) (13.8, 2

Strongly Disagree (0.2, 1.0) (0.7, 6.8) (0.1, 1Disagree (1.1, 2.6) (0.8, 5.2) (1.9, 5

Neither Agree nor Disagree (17.5, 22.3) (9.1, 18.7) (14.6, 2

Agree (42.4, 48.4) (55.9, 69.3) (51.4, 6

Strongly Agree (3.5, 6.1) (8.2, 17.6) (3.2, 7

 Legitimately Skipped Question 52c. Recommendations are specific and concrete 

(25.4, 30.9) (4.9, 11.7) (13.8, 2

Strongly Disagree (0.2, 1.0) (1.1, 7.7) (0.2, 1Disagree (2.3, 4.4) (3.7, 10.8) (2.9, 7

Neither Agree nor Disagree (24.0, 29.4) (16.2, 27.7) (24.7, 3Agree (35.0, 40.8) (45.4, 59.2) (40.1, 4

Strongly Agree (2.8, 5.2) (6.2, 13.8) (2.4, 6

 Legitimately Skipped Question (25.4, 30.8) (4.9, 11.7) (13.9, 2

B-157 
B-158 Exhibit B-4b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Jurisdiction Size 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peop

53. What other NIOSH materials have you seen? MARK ALL 

THAT APPLY. Pocket guide to chemical hazards (54.4, 60.4) (79.6, 89.5) (60.2, 6Respirator maintenance program guide (11.9, 15.9) (20.6, 32.8) (14.7, 2CDs of firefighter program materials (25.4, 30.7) (34.7, 48.0) (25.8, 3

Alerts (29.1, 34.5) (56.4, 69.0) (36.7, 4

Hazard IDs (14.5, 19.0) (18.4, 30.4) (14.3, 2

Workplace Solutions (10.7, 14.6) (12.5, 23.0) (12.5, 1

Other 

(0.4, 1.4) (1.3, 6.5) (0.4, 2

None. I have not seen any NIOSH materials. (22.6, 27.9) (3.0, 9.6) (12.7, 1

53a. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with these NIOSH 

materials? Very dissatisfied (0.8, 2.2) (1.6, 7.7) (0.6, 2

Dissatisfied (0.0, 0.7) (**, **) (**, *

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied (18.8, 23.8) (10.8, 21.7) (18.0, 2

Satisfied (44.1, 50.1) (53.4, 67.0) (50.7, 6

Very satisfied (4.0, 6.7) (10.6, 20.6) (3.9, 8

 Legitimately Skipped Question (22.4, 27.7) (3.1, 9.8) (12.5, 1

54. Have you ever visited the NIOSH website at 

www.cdc.gov/niosh/firehome.html? 

No 

(56.5, 62.2) (10.1, 20.1) (44.0, 5

Yes, in the last year (31.9, 37.3) (68.1, 80.2) (40.5, 4

Yes, longer than one year ago (4.9, 7.6) (7.2, 16.3) (4.5, 9

Note: The 0-4,999 column includes those records with a missing value for population protected.
 Estimates are generated from the 2006 Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation, Fire DepartmeEstimates within each column from the “Mark all that Apply” questions will not sum to 100. Estimates within each column from the oth

sum to 100 due to rounding. 

The digits in square brackets beside an estimate [#] indicate the estimate is significantly different at the 95% confidence level from th

in column #. A plus sign within the square brackets [+] indicates the estimate has low precision. 

** Estimate is less than 0.1 and therefore rounds to zero. 
Exhibit B-4c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Size 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peo

1. Does your department have a Safety Officer? Yes No 

1,587 1,587 

272 272 

5656

2. Does your department have a Training Officer? Yes No 

1,600 1,600 

277 277 

5656

3. Some fire departments use Standard Operating Procedures 

(SOPs) or Standard Operating Guidelines (SOGs) to describe how certain situations should be approached. For which of the following does your department have SOPs/SOGs in place? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Incident Command Systems 1,600 276 56Maintenance of SCBAs 1,600 276 56

Motor vehicle safety 1,600 276 56Participation in a personal physical fitness program 1,600 276 56

Participation in regular health screenings for cardiovascular disease 

(CVD) 

1,600 276 56

Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs), also known as Rapid Intervention 

Crews (RICs) or Firefighter Assistance and Search Teams (FAST) 

1,600 276 56

Use of Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) devices 1,600 276 56

Use of personal protective equipment and protective clothing 1,600 276 56Use of radio communications 1,600 276 56

Other 

1,600 276 56

Does not apply. Our fire department does not use SOPs/SOGs. 1,600 276 56

B-159 
B-160 Exhibit B-4c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Size (continued) 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peo

4. Do your firefighters receive training on any of the topics 

listed below? If so, is training optional or required? 

4a. Fighting structure fires No Training 1,607 275 57

 Optional Training 1,607 275 57 Required Training 4b. Driving safety 

1,607 275 57

 No Training 1,598 276 56 Optional Training 1,598 276 56 Required Training 4c. Incident Command systems 

1,598 276 56

 No Training 1,584 274 56 Optional Training 1,584 274 56 Required Training 4d. Maintenance of Self-Contained Breathing Apparatuses 

(SCBAs) 

1,584 274 56

 No Training 1,581 271 55 Optional Training 1,581 271 55 Required Training 4e. Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) 

1,581 271 55

 No Training 1,511 271 54 Optional Training 1,511 271 54 Required Training 1,511 271 54
Exhibit B-4c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Size (continued) 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peo

4f. Use of personal protective equipment and/or protective 

clothing 

 No Training 1,611 275 57

 Optional Training 1,611 275 57 Required Training 4g. Use of radio communication devices

1,611 275 57

 No Training 1,606 274 56 Optional Training 1,606 274 56 Required Training 1,606 274 565. Who provides training to your firefighters? MARK ALL THAT 

APPLY. Our department’s Training Officer 1,611 275 56

Other officers within our department 1,611 275 56State fire training agency 1,611 275 56

United States Fire Administration’s (USFA) National Fire Academy in 

Emmitsburg, MD 

1,611 275 56

Conferences or regional meetings 1,611 275 56

Other 

1,611 275 56

6. What other trainings have your firefighters attended in the 

last 12 months? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Roadside incidents/Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVA) 1,622 279 57

 Scuba diving 1,622 279 57

Swift water rescue 1,622 279 57

 Wildland fire fighting 1,622 279 57HAZMAT 

1,622 279 57

Other 

1,622 279 57

B-161 
B-162 Exhibit B-4c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Size (continued) 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peo

8. How familiar are you with the National Institute for 

Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)? Not at all familiar 1,610 277 56Not very familiar 1,610 277 56

 Somewhat familiar 1,610 277 56 Very familiar 1,610 277 56

9. How familiar are you with NIOSH’s Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP)? Not at all familiar 1,611 275 57Not very familiar 1,611 275 57

 Somewhat familiar 1,611 275 57 Very familiar 1,611 275 57

10. How does your department receive information about 

NIOSH’s firefighter safety and health recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 NIOSH mailings 1,609 277 56

National conference presentations 1,609 277 56

State-level conference presentations 1,609 277 56

Other firefighters or departments 1,609 277 56

At seminars or other training opportunities (not conferences) 1,609 277 56

Trade publications (such as Firehouse and Fire Engineering) 1,609 277 56

 NIOSH website 1,609 277 56

Links from other websites (such as NFPA and Firehouse) 1,609 277 56

Media reports—newspaper, television, radio 1,609 277 56

Other 

1,609 277 56

Does not apply. We have not received information about NIOSH 

recommendations. 

1,609 277 56
Exhibit B-4c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Size (continued) 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peo

11. In what ways has your department used NIOSH 

recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Made changes to training program 1,536 268 55

Developed new SOPs/SOGs 1,536 268 55Made changes to SOPs/SOGs 1,536 268 55Justified current budget/staffing 1,536 268 55

Made new budget/staffing requests 1,536 268 55

Justified grant applications 1,536 268 55

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations. 1,536 268 55

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,536 268 5511b. Can you identify topics of NIOSH recommendations that you 

have used for training purposes? If so, MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

 Traffic hazards 1,530 265 55

Personal protective equipment and clothing 1,530 265 55

SCBA 

1,530 265 55

 PASS systems 1,530 265 55

Incident Command systems 1,530 265 55

 Radio communications 1,530 265 55

Physical fitness and cardiovascular disease (CVD) 1,530 265 55

Building code compliance (e.g., warning against the use of wooden 

trusses) 

1,530 265 55

Other 

1,530 265 55

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations for 

training purposes. 

1,530 265 55

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,530 265 55

B-163 
B-164 Exhibit B-4c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Size (continued) 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peo

12. Does your department have a fitness training that involves 

physical exercise and/or other health promotion activities (for example a cardiovascular fitness program, physical training program, wellness program, or other fitness 

program)? 

No 

1,596 270 56

Yes, it’s required 1,596 270 56

Yes, it’s optional 1,596 270 56

13. How often do your firefighters receive screenings for 

cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors? 

One time, when they first join the department 1,582 269 55

Less frequently than once a year 1,582 269 55One time a year 1,582 269 55

More than one time a year 1,582 269 55

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive CVD 

screenings 

1,582 269 55

14. Do all drivers of vehicles responding to emergency calls 

receive driver training before being allowed to operate the vehicles? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 No 1,616 279 57

Yes, they receive training required by the department 1,616 279 57

Yes, they receive training required by the state 1,616 279 57

Yes, they receive optional training 1,616 279 57

15. How often do drivers of your fire department vehicles 

receive refresher driver training to continue being allowed to drive the vehicles? Two or more times a year 1,611 276 56

Once every year 1,611 276 56

Less frequently than once a year 1,611 276 56

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive continuing 

driver training. 

1,611 276 56
Exhibit B-4c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Size (continued) 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peo

16. Does your fire department have a requirement regarding 

seat belt use in emergency vehicles? 

Yes 

1,613 277 56

No 

1,613 277 56

17. To what extent do you agree or disagree that your 

firefighters are able to fit comfortably in their seatbelts while wearing turnout gear in your emergency vehicles? 

 Strongly disagree 1,603 277 56 Disagree 1,603 277 56

Neither agree nor disagree 1,603 277 56

 Agree 1,603 277 56 Strongly agree 1,603 277 56

18. About how often do you think your firefighters use their 

seatbelts when riding in the emergency vehicles? 

Never 

1,616 279 57

Some of the time 1,616 279 57

About half the time 1,616 279 57

Most of the time 1,616 279 57

Always 

1,616 279 57

21. How often is Incident Command established when 

responding to structure fires? 

Never 

1,604 276 56

 Rarely 1,604 276 56

About half the time 1,604 276 56

Most of the time 1,604 276 56

Always 

1,604 276 56

B-165 
B-166 Exhibit B-4c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Size (continued) 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peo

22. What are the reasons why Incident Command is not always 

established by your fire department? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not usually big enough to require an Incident Commander 1,600 275 56

Not enough firefighters available at the scene of the fire 1,600 275 56

Other 

1,600 275 56

Does not apply. My department always assigns an Incident 

Commander for structure fires. 

1,600 275 56

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,600 275 5623. When Incident Command is established for a structure fire, 

what are the Incident Commander’s responsibilities? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Conduct an initial assessment before the other firefighters begin 

entering the building 

1,588 276 56

Develop and coordinate the fire attack strategy 1,588 276 56Develop and initiate a risk management plan 1,588 276 56

Document all assessments, plans and events related to the fire 1,588 276 56

Ensure that at least four (4) firefighters are on the scene before 

entering the building 

1,588 276 56

Establish a collapse zone around the building 1,588 276 56Establish Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) or Rapid Intervention Crew 

(RIC) 

1,588 276 56

Identify and implement a communication strategy 1,588 276 56

Monitor location of all firefighters at the scene 1,588 276 56

Other 

1,588 276 56

24. About how often does an Incident Commander assign an 

Incident Safety Officer when responding to structure fires?

 Never 1,605 278 56

Some of the time 1,605 278 56

About half the time 1,605 278 56

Most of the time 1,605 278 56

Always 

1,605 278 56
Exhibit B-4c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Size (continued) 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peo

25. What are the reasons why an Incident Commander does not 

always assign an Incident Safety Officer? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not big enough to require an Incident Safety Officer 1,588 277 56

Not enough firefighters are available at the scene of the fire 1,588 277 56

Other 

1,588 277 56

Does not apply. Our Incident Commanders always assign an 

Incident Safety Officer for structure fires. 

1,588 277 56

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,588 277 5626. How often are Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) or Rapid 

Intervention Crews (RICs) available at structure fires?

 Never 1,602 277 56

Some of the time 1,602 277 56

About half the time 1,602 277 56

Most of the time 1,602 277 56

Always 

1,602 277 56

27. In what situations are RITs/RICs established? MARK ALL 

THAT APPLY. 

When the building has more than one story/floor 1,600 278 56

When there are enough firefighters on and at the scene of the fire 1,600 278 56

Whenever firefighters enter a burning building 1,600 278 56

Other 

1,600 278 56

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,600 278 56

B-167 
B-168 Exhibit B-4c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Size (continued) 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peo

28. What are the reasons why your fire department does not use 

RITs/RICs in every structure fire? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

The structure fire may not be large enough to need an RIT/RIC 1,575 274 55

We don’t have enough equipment, SCBAs, or turnout gear to 

establish an RIT/RIC 

1,575 274 55

We don’t have enough firefighters available at the scene of the fire 1,575 274 55

We don’t have enough training or trained personnel at the scene to 

establish an RIT/RIC 

1,575 274 55

We have never established an RIT/RIC 1,575 274 55

We use other fire departments in the area for RITs/RICs 1,575 274 55

We use other safety practices and so we don’t need them 1,575 274 55

Other 

1,575 274 55

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,575 274 5529. Does your fire department have enough Personal Alert 

Safety System (PASS) devices for all firefighters for use when fighting structure fires? 

Yes 

1,606 279 56

No 

1,606 279 56

30. About how often do you think your firefighters wear their 

PASS devices when fighting structure fires? 

Never 

1,600 278 56

Some of the time 1,600 278 56

About half the time 1,600 278 56

Most of the time 1,600 278 56

Always 

1,600 278 56
Exhibit B-4c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Size (continued) 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peo

31. Why do you think your firefighters do not use their PASS 

devices more often? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. They don’t have a PASS device to use 1,590 278 56Situation doesn’t require them 1,590 278 56

Firefighters think the devices do not always work reliably 1,590 278 56

Firefighters don’t think they need them 1,590 278 56

Devices go off while firefighters are resting 1,590 278 56

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,590 278 5632. Does your department have Self Contained Breathing 

Apparatuses (SCBA) for your firefighters to use when combating structure fires? 

Yes 

1,606 278 56

No 

1,606 278 56

33. Do your firefighters ever have to share facepieces for 

SCBAs? 

Yes 

1,521 257 53

No 

1,521 257 53

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,521 257 5333a. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

have personally-fitted SCBA facepieces for all of your firefighters? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Didn’t know it was recommended 1,517 256 53

Firefighters don’t like using the equipment 1,517 256 53

Have never needed them (e.g., we don’t do interior attacks) 1,517 256 53They cost too much, there is not enough money in the budget 1,517 256 53We don’t have enough equipment for all of our firefighters 1,517 256 53

Shared systems work fine for our needs 1,517 256 53

Other 

1,517 256 53

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,517 256 53

B-169 
B-170 Exhibit B-4c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Size (continued) 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peo

34. About how often do you think your firefighters use SCBAs 

while fighting structure fires?

 Never 1,536 260 53

Some of the time 1,536 260 53

About half the time 1,536 260 53

Most of the time 1,536 260 53

Always 

1,536 260 53

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,536 260 5335. Why do you think your firefighters do not use SCBAs more 

often when fighting structure fires? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Situation doesn’t require them 1,525 259 53

Firefighters do not trust that the SCBAs will work reliably 1,525 259 53

Firefighters don’t think they need them 1,525 259 53

Firefighters don’t like sharing facepieces with others 1,525 259 53

Firefighters are concerned that the SCBA may be or become 

contaminated 

1,525 259 53

Wearing SCBAs makes it more difficult to work 1,525 259 53

Firefighters don’t have SCBAs to use 1,525 259 53

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,525 259 5336. How often is routine maintenance performed on your SCBAs? 

After every time they are used 1,270 222 45

Once a month or more 1,270 222 45

Several times a year 1,270 222 45

Once a year 1,270 222 45

Less than once a year 1,270 222 45

Never. Maintenance has not been done on our SCBAs. 1,270 222 45

Does not apply. My department does not have SCBAs. 1,270 222 45

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,270 222 45
Exhibit B-4c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Size (continued) 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peo

37. How many Chemical/Biological/Radiological/Nuclear 

(CBRN) SCBAs are available (or on order) for use by firefighters within your department at this time?

 Greater than zero 1,518 258 53Zero 

1,518 258 53

37a. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

have CBRN SCBAs? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

CBRN SCBA devices are not needed in our department 1,454 249 51

We didn’t know they were available 1,454 249 51

We don’t have adequate technical information to purchase them 1,454 249 51

We don’t have adequate funding to purchase them 1,454 249 51

Other 

1,454 249 51

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,454 249 5138. Does your fire department have Automated External 

Defibrillators (AEDs)?

 Yes 1,610 274 56No 

1,610 274 56

38a. At your fire department, where do you have AEDs? 

At the fire station(s) 1,424 225 49On the emergency vehicles (or apparatus) 1,424 225 49

Both at the fire station(s) and on the vehicles (or apparatus) 1,424 225 49

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,424 225 4939. How often has routine maintenance, including replacement 

of battery packs, been performed on your AEDs? After every time they are used 1,235 240 45

Once a month or more 1,235 240 45

Several times a year 1,235 240 45

Once a year 1,235 240 45

Less frequently than once a year 1,235 240 45

Never. Maintenance on our AEDs has not been done. 1,235 240 45

B-171 
B-172 Exhibit B-4c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Size (continued) 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peo

40. About how often do your firefighters carry radios or other two-way 

communication devices while responding to structure fires? 

Never 

1,610 279 56

Some of the time 1,610 279 56

About half the time 1,610 279 56

Most of the time 1,610 279 56

Always 

1,610 279 56

41. Some radios and other two-way communication devices can 

have problems under field conditions, such as bleed-over, interference, or loss of communication. About how often do your communication devices have these or other problems? 

Never 

1,612 279 56

Some of the time 1,612 279 56

About half the time 1,612 279 56

Most of the time 1,612 279 56

Always 

1,612 279 56

42. How would you rate your department’s budget in the 

following areas? 

42a. Equipment  Not adequate 1,608 277 56

 Adequate 1,608 277 56

More than adequate 1,608 277 56
Exhibit B-4c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Size (continued) 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peo

42b. Training  Not adequate 1,608 275 57

 Adequate 1,608 275 57

More than adequate 

42c. Personnel 

1,608 275 57

 Not adequate 1,551 277 55 Adequate 1,551 277 55

More than adequate 1,551 277 55

43. How often have you seen NIOSH reports that describe recent 

firefighter fatalities and make recommendations for avoiding similar incidents? Please refer to the insert sheet included with this survey for examples of NIOSH firefighter safety reports. 

Never 

1,605 276 56

One or two times per year 1,605 276 56Several times per year 1,605 276 56

Once a month or more 1,605 276 56

44. How does your department receive the NIOSH Fire Fighter 

Fatality Investigation reports? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 By mail 1,605 275 56

On the Internet 1,605 275 56From colleagues in other departments 1,605 275 56

At conferences or other meetings 1,605 275 56

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,605 275 5645. Have you read part or all of a NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation report in the last 12 months?

 Yes 1,611 277 56No 

1,611 277 56

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,611 277 56

B-173 
B-174 Exhibit B-4c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Size (continued) 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peo

50. Does the fire department disseminate the information it 

receives from NIOSH to the firefighters? 

Yes 

1,583 276 56

No 

1,583 276 56

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,583 276 5650a. How is this information disseminated to firefighters? MARK 

ALL THAT APPLY. Regular staff meetings 1,585 273 55

 Training sessions 1,585 273 55

Provide copies of NIOSH reports to firefighters 1,585 273 55Provide copies of NIOSH report summaries to firefighters 1,585 273 55Provide summaries prepared by department to firefighters 1,585 273 55

Postings on bulletin boards 1,585 273 55

Post report on the department website 1,585 273 55Send message to firefighters by email 1,585 273 55

Other 

1,585 273 55

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,585 273 5551. The NIOSH reports sometimes reference other documents, 

such as guidelines or more detailed technical reports. Does your fire department usually have access to documents that are referenced in NIOSH reports? 

Yes 

1,564 265 55

No 

1,564 265 55

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,564 265 55
Exhibit B-4c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Size (continued) 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peo

52. NIOSH reports always include recommendations that are 

designed to help improve the health and safety of firefighters. How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about the NIOSH recommendations: 

52a. Recommendations are practical  Strongly Disagree 1,547 268 54

 Disagree 1,547 268 54

Neither Agree nor Disagree 1,547 268 54

 Agree 1,547 268 54 Strongly Agree 1,547 268 54

 Legitimately Skipped Question 52b. Recommendations are easy to understand 

1,547 268 54

 Strongly Disagree 1,537 265 54

 Disagree 1,537 265 54

Neither Agree nor Disagree 1,537 265 54

 Agree 1,537 265 54 Strongly Agree 1,537 265 54

 Legitimately Skipped Question 52c. Recommendations are specific and concrete 

1,537 265 54

 Strongly Disagree 1,537 265 54

 Disagree 1,537 265 54

Neither Agree nor Disagree 1,537 265 54

 Agree 1,537 265 54 Strongly Agree 1,537 265 54

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,537 265 54

B-175 
B-176 Exhibit B-4c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Jurisdiction Size (continued) 

Question 

Population Protecte

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000–4

Peo

53. What other NIOSH materials have you seen? MARK ALL THAT 

APPLY. Pocket guide to chemical hazards 1,537 269 54

Respirator maintenance program guide 1,537 269 54CDs of firefighter program materials 1,537 269 54

 Alerts 1,537 269 54 Hazard IDs 1,537 269 54

 Workplace Solutions 1,537 269 54

Other 

1,537 269 54

None. I have not seen any NIOSH materials. 1,537 269 54

53a. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with these NIOSH 

materials? 

 Very dissatisfied 1,536 265 54 Dissatisfied 1,536 265 54

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied 1,536 265 54

 Satisfied 1,536 265 54 Very satisfied 1,536 265 54

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,536 265 5454. Have you ever visited the NIOSH website at 

www.cdc.gov/niosh/firehome.html? 

No 

1,589 274 56

Yes, in the last year 1,589 274 56

Yes, longer than one year ago 1,589 274 56

Note: The 0-4,999 column includes those records with a missing value for population protected.
 Estimates are generated from the 2006 Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation, Fire DepartmeEstimates within each column from the “Mark all that Apply” questions will not sum to 100. Estimates within each column from the oth

sum to 100 due to rounding. 

The digits in square brackets beside an estimate [#] indicate the estimate is significantly different at the 95% confidence level from th

in column #. A plus sign within the square brackets [+] indicates the estimate has low precision. 

** Estimate is less than 0.1 and therefore rounds to zero. 
Exhibit B-5a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Department Type 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volun

1. Does your department have a Safety Officer? Yes No 

70.3 29.7 

67.9 32.1 

68.9 31.1 

2. Does your department have a Training Officer? Yes No 

88.5 11.5 

87.7 12.3 

88.4 11.6 

3. Some fire departments use Standard Operating Procedures 

(SOPs) or Standard Operating Guidelines (SOGs) to 

describe how certain situations should be approached. For which of the following does your department have SOPs/SOGs in place? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Incident Command Systems 83.7 91.5 [2,3] 84.8 

Maintenance of SCBAs 69.7 81.4 [2,3] 72.6 Motor vehicle safety 78.8 83.3 79.3 

Participation in a personal physical fitness program 11.0 47.8 [2,3] 14.1 

Participation in regular health screenings for cardiovascular disease 

(CVD) 

16.8 42.9 [2,3] 17.7 

Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs), also known as Rapid Intervention 

Crews (RICs) or Firefighter Assistance and Search Teams (FAST) 

40.4 70.4 [2,3] 45.6 

Use of Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) devices 75.4 83.0 [2,3] 74.6 

Use of personal protective equipment and protective clothing 89.1 94.1 [2,3] 89.1 

Use of radio communications 84.8 88.1 85.0 

Other 

8.7 12.5 [3] 10.3 

Does not apply. Our fire department does not use SOPs/SOGs. 5.0 2.2 [+] 5.6 

B-177 
B-178 Exhibit B-5a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Department Type (continued

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volun

4. Do your firefighters receive training on any of the topics 

listed below? If so, is training optional or required? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

4a. Fighting structure fires No Training 1.1 3.0 [+] 1.2 

 Optional Training 16.7 5.0 [2,3] 15.6 

 Required Training 4b. Driving safety 

82.8 93.3 [2,3] 83.5 

 No Training 3.9 2.5 4.1  Optional Training 18.6 7.1 [2,3] 17.4  Required Training 4c. Incident Command systems 

77.7 91.0 [2,3] 78.6 

 No Training 2.9 ** [2,3,+] 2.8  Optional Training 27.4 5.7 [2,3] 27.6  Required Training 4d. Maintenance of Self-Contained Breathing Apparatuses 

(SCBAs) 

69.9 94.2 [2,3] 69.8 

 No Training 6.6 5.7 7.2  Optional Training 33.6 14.8 [2,3] 31.6  Required Training 4e. Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) 

60.3 79.7 [2,3] 61.2 

 No Training 28.5 11.1 [2,3] 26.8  Optional Training 36.2 14.7 [2,3] 30.0  Required Training 35.5 74.9 [2,3] 43.3 
Exhibit B-5a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Department Type (continued

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volun

4f. Use of personal protective equipment and/or protective 

clothing 

 No Training 1.5 3.2 1.7  Optional Training 9.9 4.3 [2,3] 10.9 

 Required Training 4g. Use of radio communication devices

88.9 93.1 [2] 87.4 

 No Training 2.7 2.8 3.2 

 Optional Training 21.4 9.2 [2,3] 23.7 

 Required Training 76.2 88.7 [2,3] 73.4 5. Who provides training to your firefighters? MARK ALL THAT 

APPLY. Our department’s Training Officer 84.9 88.0 85.0 

Other officers within our department 82.8 94.6 [2,3] 80.6 

State fire training agency 77.4 78.9 75.7 

United States Fire Administration’s (USFA) National Fire Academy 

in Emmitsburg, MD 

20.9 58.2 [2,3] 25.5 

Conferences or regional meetings 51.7 70.6 [2,3] 54.2 

 Other 25.2 23.7 22.5 

6. What other trainings have your firefighters attended in the 

last 12 months? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Roadside incidents/Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVA) 55.3 49.5 [3] 51.3 

 Scuba diving 7.5 19.8 [2,3] 7.1 

Swift water rescue 11.2 30.4 [2,3] 11.5 

 Wildland fire fighting 47.0 28.7 [2,3] 48.8  HAZMAT 66.7 86.8 [2,3] 65.5  Other 31.2 41.1 [2,3] 30.3 

B-179 
B-180 Exhibit B-5a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Department Type (continued

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volun

8. How familiar are you with the National Institute for 

Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)? Not at all familiar 8.3 3.4 [3] 6.6 

Not very familiar 24.3 10.3 [2,3] 24.0 

 Somewhat familiar 58.1 65.3 [3] 57.8  Very familiar 9.3 21.0 [2,3] 11.6 9. How familiar are you with NIOSH’s Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP)? Not at all familiar 20.8 10.5 [2,3] 19.7 

Not very familiar 33.5 19.1 [2,3] 34.3 

 Somewhat familiar 37.9 54.9 [2,3] 35.8  Very familiar 7.8 15.6 [2,3] 10.1 10. How does your department receive information about 

NIOSH’s firefighter safety and health recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 NIOSH mailings 67.8 72.4 64.5 

National conference presentations 3.6 14.3 [2,3] 5.3 

State-level conference presentations 11.5 17.0 [3] 13.6 Other firefighters or departments 22.9 25.7 23.6 

At seminars or other training opportunities (not conferences) 16.4 23.5 [2,3] 15.2 

Trade publications (such as Firehouse and Fire Engineering) 47.2 60.3 [3] 52.6 

 NIOSH website 24.3 55.2 [2,3] 26.2 

Links from other websites (such as NFPA and Firehouse) 28.2 43.2 [2,3] 26.5 Media reports—newspaper, television, radio 14.9 16.5 14.6 

Other 

1.1 3.0 1.0 

Does not apply. We have not received information about NIOSH 

recommendations. 

11.1 6.2 [2] 13.1 
Exhibit B-5a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Department Type (continued

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volun

11. In what ways has your department used NIOSH 

recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Made changes to training program 40.2 54.1 [2,3] 38.4 

Developed new SOPs/SOGs 26.3 38.2 [2,3] 28.2 Made changes to SOPs/SOGs 34.9 51.4 [2,3] 33.7 Justified current budget/staffing 5.0 14.8 [2,3] 6.2 Made new budget/staffing requests 5.5 14.8 [2,3] 5.4 Justified grant applications 15.5 22.8 [2,3] 13.1 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations. 30.1 18.1 [2,3] 32.3 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 11.7 6.3 [2] 13.6 

11b. Can you identify topics of NIOSH recommendations that you 

have used for training purposes? If so, MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

 Traffic hazards 29.3 32.1 28.4 

Personal protective equipment and clothing 41.6 51.7 [2,3] 39.8 

 SCBA 40.1 51.6 [2,3] 38.5  PASS systems 32.6 37.6 33.1 

Incident Command systems 32.1 39.4 31.4 

 Radio communications 23.0 26.7 23.3 

Physical fitness and cardiovascular disease (CVD) 8.5 23.1 [2,3] 7.8 

Building code compliance (e.g., warning against the use of wooden 

trusses) 

6.9 15.2 [2,3] 6.5 

 Other 2.3 4.0 2.6 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations for 

training purposes. 

1.9 2.3 1.1 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 41.9 24.8 [2,3] 45.4 

B-181 
B-182 Exhibit B-5a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Department Type (continued

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volun

12. Does your department have a fitness training that involves 

physical exercise and/or other health promotion activities (for example a cardiovascular fitness program, physical training program, wellness program, or other fitness 

program)? 

No 

78.5 27.6 [2,3] 69.9 

Yes, it’s required 7.0 36.6 [2,3] 11.1 Yes, it’s optional 14.5 35.8 [2,3] 19.0 

13. How often do your firefighters receive screenings for 

cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors? 

One time, when they first join the department 14.5 23.0 [3] 17.6 

Less frequently than once a year 7.1 11.8 [3] 7.9 One time a year 17.1 48.7 [2,3] 17.6 More than one time a year 0.3 2.5 [3] 0.2 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive CVD 

screenings 

60.9 13.9 [2,3] 56.7 

14. Do all drivers of vehicles responding to emergency calls 

receive driver training before being allowed to operate the vehicles? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 No 6.4 4.4 5.9 

Yes, they receive training required by the department 84.0 88.6 [3] 86.9 

Yes, they receive training required by the state 25.7 30.4 26.9 

Yes, they receive optional training 13.8 9.2 [2] 15.0 

15. How often do drivers of your fire department vehicles 

receive refresher driver training to continue being allowed to drive the vehicles? Two or more times a year 14.2 14.8 15.3 Once every year 40.3 39.0 41.5 

Less frequently than once a year 24.8 31.7 [3] 24.8 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive continuing 

driver training. 

20.7 14.5 [3] 18.4 
Exhibit B-5a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Department Type (continued

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volu

16. Does your fire department have a requirement regarding 

seat belt use in emergency vehicles? 

Yes 

84.2 94.3 [2,3] 86.9 

 No 15.8 5.7 [2,3] 13.1 17. To what extent do you agree or disagree that your 

firefighters are able to fit comfortably in their seatbelts while wearing turnout gear in your emergency vehicles? 

 Strongly disagree 6.9 4.0 [3] 4.9  Disagree 18.0 21.0 17.0 

Neither agree nor disagree 30.8 14.2 [2,3] 32.0 

 Agree 32.1 41.2 [2,3] 32.5  Strongly agree 12.2 19.7 [3] 13.6 18. About how often do you think your firefighters use their 

seatbelts when riding in the emergency vehicles? 

Never 

5.4 2.4 [3] 3.5 

Some of the time 22.7 15.9 [3] 19.1 About half the time 17.0 10.6 [2,3] 17.0 Most of the time 38.4 38.3 39.6 

Always 

16.5 32.8 [2,3] 20.9 

21. How often is Incident Command established when 

responding to structure fires? 

Never 

2.3 0.6 [2,+] 3.1 

 Rarely 6.8 3.4 [3] 6.6 

About half the time 6.7 2.6 [3] 5.8 Most of the time 27.6 14.4 [2,3] 25.6 

 Always 56.6 79.0 [2,3] 58.9 

B-183 
B-184 Exhibit B-5a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Department Type (continued

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volun

22. What are the reasons why Incident Command is not always 

established by your fire department? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not usually big enough to require an Incident Commander 22.5 10.2 [2,3] 23.6 

Not enough firefighters available at the scene of the fire 21.2 7.6 [2,3] 19.2 

 Other 6.2 6.7 5.2 

Does not apply. My department always assigns an Incident 

Commander for structure fires. 

3.6 1.1 [3,+] 2.5 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 56.6 79.1 [2,3] 59.0 23. When Incident Command is established for a structure fire, 

what are the Incident Commander’s responsibilities? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Conduct an initial assessment before the other firefighters begin 

entering the building 

91.0 87.0 [3] 88.5 

Develop and coordinate the fire attack strategy 93.1 97.4 [3] 94.2 Develop and initiate a risk management plan 52.3 65.4 [2,3] 54.4 Document all assessments, plans and events related to the fire 38.8 40.3 36.5 Ensure that at least four (4) firefighters are on the scene before 

entering the building 

68.6 78.3 [2,3] 70.7 

Establish a collapse zone around the building 49.1 57.2 [2] 46.9 

Establish Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) or Rapid Intervention 

Crew (RIC) 

48.5 79.9 [2,3] 51.8 

Identify and implement a communication strategy 64.7 65.4 65.9 

Monitor location of all firefighters at the scene 76.2 83.5 [3] 77.8 

 Other 9.1 11.9 7.2 24. About how often does an Incident Commander assign an 

Incident Safety Officer when responding to structure fires?

 Never 13.3 11.8 13.1 

Some of the time 26.5 27.5 26.6 

About half the time 8.1 6.3 8.3 

Most of the time 29.8 27.6 30.8 

Always 

22.3 26.7 21.2 
Exhibit B-5a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Department Type (continued

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volun

25. What are the reasons why an Incident Commander does not 

always assign an Incident Safety Officer? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not big enough to require an Incident Safety Officer 32.3 26.2 33.1 

Not enough firefighters are available at the scene of the fire 51.7 35.3 [2,3] 54.2 

 Other 13.1 29.8 [2,3] 14.6 

Does not apply. Our Incident Commanders always assign an 

Incident Safety Officer for structure fires. 

2.1 2.5 0.8 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 22.6 26.7 21.8 

26. How often are Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) or Rapid 

Intervention Crews (RICs) available at structure fires?

 Never 29.4 10.1 [2,3] 29.4 

Some of the time 21.8 12.4 [2,3] 19.6 About half the time 6.5 3.9 6.3 

Most of the time 22.5 28.4 [3] 23.6 

 Always 19.9 45.3 [2,3] 21.0 27. In what situations are RITs/RICs established? MARK ALL 

THAT APPLY. 

When the building has more than one story/floor 9.3 8.9 10.2 

When there are enough firefighters on and at the scene of the fire 32.3 26.9 33.5 

Whenever firefighters enter a burning building 26.4 20.9 [3] 24.6 

 Other 4.9 8.6 4.7  Legitimately Skipped Question 49.3 55.0 50.9 

B-185 
B-186 Exhibit B-5a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Department Type (continued

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volun

28. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

use RITs/RICs in every structure fire? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

The structure fire may not be large enough to need an RIT/RIC 34.9 29.3 [2] 38.0 

We don’t have enough equipment, SCBAs, or turnout gear to 

establish an RIT/RIC 

8.8 0.1 [2,3,+] 8.2 

We don’t have enough firefighters available at the scene of the fire 53.5 33.3 [2,3] 53.3 We don’t have enough training or trained personnel at the scene to 

establish an RIT/RIC 

20.7 8.3 [2,3] 18.1 

We have never established an RIT/RIC 17.7 4.6 [2,3] 14.8 

We use other fire departments in the area for RITs/RICs 29.2 12.4 [2,3] 24.7 We use other safety practices and so we don’t need them 4.2 1.8 [2,+] 5.9 

Other 

4.1 6.4 2.8 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 20.3 45.4 [2,3] 21.5 

29. Does your fire department have enough Personal Alert 

Safety System (PASS) devices for all firefighters for use when fighting structure fires? 

Yes 

78.8 97.5 [2,3] 77.0 

 No 21.2 2.5 [2,3,+] 23.0 30. About how often do you think your firefighters wear their 

PASS devices when fighting structure fires? 

Never 

6.3 1.5 [2,3,+] 8.8 

Some of the time 3.9 0.8 [3,+] 3.1 About half the time 1.8 0.2 [3,+] 1.7 Most of the time 12.8 5.8 [3] 10.5 

 Always 75.2 91.8 [2,3] 75.9 
Exhibit B-5a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Department Type (continued

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volun

31. Why do you think your firefighters do not use their PASS 

devices more often? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. They don’t have a PASS device to use 13.1 1.7 [2,3,+] 16.0 

Situation doesn’t require them 9.5 2.0 [2,3,+] 7.1 

Firefighters think the devices do not always work reliably 0.3 0.7 [+] 0.6 

Firefighters don’t think they need them 4.6 1.4 [3,+] 2.3 

Devices go off while firefighters are resting 3.7 2.8 2.0 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 75.5 92.8 [2,3] 76.2 32. Does your department have Self Contained Breathing 

Apparatuses (SCBA) for your firefighters to use when combating structure fires? 

Yes 

99.2 97.7 99.2 

No 

0.8 2.3 [+] 0.8 

33. Do your firefighters ever have to share facepieces for 

SCBAs? 

Yes 

49.7 8.4 [2,3] 50.6 

 No 49.5 89.1 [2,3] 48.5  Legitimately Skipped Question 0.8 2.5 [+] 0.9 

33a. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

have personally-fitted SCBA facepieces for all of your firefighters? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Didn’t know it was recommended 4.8 ** [2,3] 5.6 

Firefighters don’t like using the equipment 0.3   

Have never needed them (e.g., we don’t do interior attacks) 0.7 **  [3] 0.7 They cost too much, there is not enough money in the budget 31.8 5.7 [2,3] 31.8 We don’t have enough equipment for all of our firefighters 24.6 1.8 [2,3,+] 24.8 

Shared systems work fine for our needs 23.4 4.2 [2,3] 24.3 

 Other 5.0 1.7 [2,3,+] 5.0  Legitimately Skipped Question 50.3 91.6 [2,3] 49.3 

B-187 
B-188 Exhibit B-5a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Department Type (continued

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volun

34. About how often do you think your firefighters use SCBAs 

while fighting structure fires?

 Never 1.1 ** [2] 2.5 

Some of the time 4.7 ** [2,3] 3.2 About half the time 2.7 1.5 [+] 1.9 

Most of the time 24.5 12.7 [2,3] 23.1 

 Always 66.1 83.3 [2,3] 68.4  Legitimately Skipped Question 0.8 2.5 [+] 0.8 

35. Why do you think your firefighters do not use SCBAs more 

often when fighting structure fires? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Situation doesn’t require them 25.9 8.2 [2,3] 23.8 

Firefighters do not trust that the SCBAs will work reliably   **  

Firefighters don’t think they need them 10.3 7.6 7.4 

Firefighters don’t like sharing facepieces with others 1.0 ** [3] 0.5 Firefighters are concerned that the SCBA may be or become 

contaminated 

  **  

Wearing SCBAs makes it more difficult to work 5.9 4.6 4.2 

Firefighters don’t have SCBAs to use 3.9 ** [2,3] 3.1 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 67.8 85.8 [2,3] 70.7 36. How often is routine maintenance performed on your 

SCBAs? After every time they are used 43.0 50.0 [3] 47.0 

Once a month or more 19.0 12.0 [3] 16.7 Several times a year 15.0 17.3 15.1 

Once a year 16.4 16.4 14.8 

Less than once a year 4.3 1.3 [3,+] 3.7 

Never. Maintenance has not been done on our SCBAs. 1.4 0.2 [3,+] 1.8 Does not apply. My department does not have SCBAs.   **  

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1.0 2.8 [+] 1.0 
Exhibit B-5a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Department Type (continued

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volun

37. How many Chemical/Biological/Radiological/Nuclear 

(CBRN) SCBAs are available (or on order) for use by firefighters within your department at this time?

 Greater than zero 17.5 43.7 [2,3] 20.1 

 Zero 82.5 56.3 [2,3] 79.9 37a. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

have CBRN SCBAs? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

CBRN SCBA devices are not needed in our department 20.9 10.5 [2,3] 18.1 

We didn’t know they were available 15.1 9.6 [3] 15.0 

We don’t have adequate technical information to purchase them 19.7 7.8 [2,3] 20.1 We don’t have adequate funding to purchase them 60.3 37.0 [2,3] 58.0 

 Other 4.9 8.3 5.0  Legitimately Skipped Question 18.3 44.7 [2,3] 20.5 38. Does your fire department have Automated External 

Defibrillators (AEDs)?

 Yes 77.4 92.2 [2,3] 76.9  No 22.6 7.8 [2,3] 23.1 38a. At your fire department, where do you have AEDs? 

At the fire station(s) 2.8 0.4 [2,3,+] 3.1 

On the emergency vehicles (or apparatus) 62.0 77.0 [2,3] 60.5 

Both at the fire station(s) and on the vehicles (or apparatus) 10.4 13.2 11.0 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 24.9 9.4 [2,3] 25.4 

39. How often has routine maintenance, including replacement 

of battery packs, been performed on your AEDs? After every time they are used 13.9 23.8 [2,3] 16.7 

Once a month or more 25.4 25.5 26.5 

Several times a year 20.6 17.3 [3] 14.6 

Once a year 22.3 24.9 26.7 Less frequently than once a year 7.4 5.8 5.2 

Never. Maintenance on our AEDs has not been done. 10.4 2.7 [2,3] 10.3 

B-189 
B-190 Exhibit B-5a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Department Type (continued

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volu

40. About how often do your firefighters carry radios or other 

two-way communication devices while responding to structure fires? 

Never 

1.6 0.2 [3,+] 1.2 

Some of the time 4.7 0.2 [2,3,+] 2.2 About half the time 2.6 1.5 [+] 1.7 

Most of the time 20.6 6.6 [2,3] 16.2 

 Always 70.4 91.6 [2,3] 78.7 41. Some radios and other two-way communication devices can 

have problems under field conditions, such as bleed-over, interference, or loss of communication. About how often do your communication devices have these or other problems? 

Never 

18.0 15.4 18.9 

Some of the time 64.5 74.4 [2,3] 65.4 

About half the time 10.3 5.6 [3] 9.3 Most of the time 5.4 4.1 5.4 

Always 

1.8 0.4 [3,+] 1.1 

42. How would you rate your department’s budget in the 

following areas? 

42a. Equipment  Not adequate 48.6 35.3 [2,3] 46.4  Adequate 45.7 58.2 [2,3] 46.8 

More than adequate 5.7 6.5 6.8 
Exhibit B-5a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Department Type (continued

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volun

42b. Training  Not adequate 39.1 43.6 40.2 

 Adequate 55.6 50.8 53.6 

More than adequate 

42c. Personnel 

5.2 5.6 6.3 

 Not adequate 51.5 58.5 [3] 53.6 

 Adequate 44.3 38.0 [3] 42.1 

More than adequate 4.2 3.6 4.3 

43. How often have you seen NIOSH reports that describe 

recent firefighter fatalities and make recommendations for avoiding similar incidents? Please refer to the insert sheet included with this survey for examples of NIOSH firefighter safety reports. 

Never 

26.8 15.9 [2,3] 23.5 

One or two times per year 34.3 33.1 34.8 

Several times per year 33.2 39.9 [3] 34.9 

Once a month or more 5.7 11.2 [3] 6.9 

44. How does your department receive the NIOSH Fire Fighter 

Fatality Investigation reports? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 By mail 56.0 52.1 54.8 

On the Internet 24.7 48.4 [2,3] 27.8 

From colleagues in other departments 10.0 13.1 [3] 13.0 At conferences or other meetings 6.9 17.8 [2,3] 8.4 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 26.8 15.8 [2,3] 23.4 45. Have you read part or all of a NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation report in the last 12 months?

 Yes 53.3 69.2 [2,3] 56.5  No 20.0 14.9 20.4 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 26.6 15.8 [2,3] 23.1 

B-191 
B-192 Exhibit B-5a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Department Type (continued

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volun

50. Does the fire department disseminate the information it 

receives from NIOSH to the firefighters? 

Yes 

60.7 72.0 [2,3] 63.2 

 No 12.1 12.2 13.1 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 27.3 15.8 [2,3] 23.7 

50a. How is this information disseminated to firefighters? MARK 

ALL THAT APPLY. Regular staff meetings 23.5 22.8 23.1 

 Training sessions 44.2 48.2 46.3 

Provide copies of NIOSH reports to firefighters 16.2 31.8 [2,3] 20.8 

Provide copies of NIOSH report summaries to firefighters 6.2 11.4 [3] 7.9 Provide summaries prepared by department to firefighters 1.8 4.4 [2,3] 1.5 

Postings on bulletin boards 38.5 39.1 37.4 Post report on the department website 1.1 3.1 [3] 1.4 Send message to firefighters by email 5.3 23.5 [2,3] 8.0 

 Other 1.3 2.9 [2] 0.6 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 39.1 28.8 [3] 36.6 

51. The NIOSH reports sometimes reference other documents, 

such as guidelines or more detailed technical reports. Does your fire department usually have access to documents that are referenced in NIOSH reports? 

Yes 

34.2 62.8 [2,3] 36.5 

 No 38.4 20.9 [2,3] 39.6  Legitimately Skipped Question 27.4 16.3 [2,3] 23.9 
Exhibit B-5a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Department Type (continued

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volu

52. NIOSH reports always include recommendations that are 

designed to help improve the health and safety of firefighters. How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about the NIOSH recommendations: 

52a. Recommendations are practical  Strongly Disagree 0.5 1.5 [+] 0.9 

 Disagree 3.6 2.5 3.2 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 18.7 14.6 17.4 

 Agree 45.6 59.8 [2,3] 49.6 

 Strongly Agree 3.7 5.6 4.3  Legitimately Skipped Question 52b. Recommendations are easy to understand 

28.0 16.0 [2,3] 24.6 

 Strongly Disagree 0.4 0.2 [+] 1.0  Disagree 1.7 1.4 1.5 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 19.8 11.7 [2,3] 18.3 

 Agree 45.4 63.7 [2,3] 49.4  Strongly Agree 4.6 6.9 5.0  Legitimately Skipped Question 52c. Recommendations are specific and concrete 

28.1 16.1 [2,3] 24.7 

 Strongly Disagree 0.4 1.4 [+] 0.8  Disagree 3.2 2.7 3.0 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 26.6 22.8 27.9 

 Agree 37.9 50.3 [2,3] 40.3 

 Strongly Agree 3.8 6.7 3.3 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 28.0 16.1 [2,3] 24.7 

B-193 
B-194 Exhibit B-5a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Department Type (continued

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volu

53. What other NIOSH materials have you seen? MARK ALL 

THAT APPLY. Pocket guide to chemical hazards 57.4 77.1 [2,3] 59.0 

Respirator maintenance program guide 13.8 20.1 [2] 11.3 

CDs of firefighter program materials 28.0 34.5 27.5 

 Alerts 31.7 49.4 [2,3] 32.1 

 Hazard IDs 16.6 18.5 15.4 

 Workplace Solutions 12.5 13.6 13.0 Other 

0.8 0.7 0.6 

None. I have not seen any NIOSH materials. 25.2 14.1 [2,3] 25.0 

53a. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with these NIOSH 

materials? 

 Very dissatisfied 1.3 2.7 1.1 

 Dissatisfied 0.2 ** ** [+

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied 21.2 11.4 [2,3] 18.1 

 Satisfied 47.1 59.0 [2,3] 50.2  Very satisfied 5.2 12.4 [2,3] 6.0  Legitimately Skipped Question 24.9 14.4 [2,3] 24.6 54. Have you ever visited the NIOSH website at 

www.cdc.gov/niosh/firehome.html? 

No 

59.4 27.0 [2,3] 56.6 

Yes, in the last year 34.5 64.0 [2,3] 37.0 Yes, longer than one year ago 6.1 9.0 6.3 

Note: Estimates are generated from the 2006 Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation, Fire DepEstimates within each column from the “Mark all that Apply” questions will not sum to 100. Estimates within each column from the oth

sum to 100 due to rounding. 

The digits in square brackets beside an estimate [#] indicate the estimate is significantly different at the 95% confidence level from th

in column #. A plus sign within the square brackets [+] indicates the estimate has low precision. 

** Estimate is less than 0.1 and therefore rounds to zero. 
Exhibit B-5b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Department Type 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volun

1. Does your department have a Safety Officer? Yes No 

(67.5, 72.9) (27.1, 32.5) 

(61.0, 74.2) (25.8, 39.0) 

(63.6, 7(26.3, 3

2. Does your department have a Training Officer? Yes No 

(86.4, 90.3) 

(9.7, 13.6) 

(82.3, 91.7) 

(8.3, 17.7) 

(84.2, 9

(8.4, 15

3. Some fire departments use Standard Operating Procedures 

(SOPs) or Standard Operating Guidelines (SOGs) to 

describe how certain situations should be approached. For which of the following does your department have SOPs/SOGs in place? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Incident Command Systems (81.3, 85.8) (85.4, 95.2) (80.2, 8

Maintenance of SCBAs (66.9, 72.3) (75.2, 86.3) (67.5, 7

Motor vehicle safety (76.3, 81.2) (77.2, 88.0) (74.5, 8

Participation in a personal physical fitness program (9.6, 12.7) (41.0, 54.6) (11.3, 1Participation in regular health screenings for cardiovascular disease 

(CVD) 

(14.9, 18.9) (36.3, 49.8) (14.4, 2

Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs), also known as Rapid Intervention 

Crews (RICs) or Firefighter Assistance and Search Teams (FAST) 

(37.7, 43.2) (63.5, 76.6) (40.8, 5

Use of Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) devices (72.7, 77.9) (76.5, 87.9) (69.5, 7

Use of personal protective equipment and protective clothing (87.1, 90.9) (89.5, 96.8) (85.2, 9

Use of radio communications (82.5, 86.8) (82.5, 92.0) (80.8, 8

Other 

(7.2, 10.5) (8.8, 17.5) (7.6, 14

Does not apply. Our fire department does not use SOPs/SOGs. (3.8, 6.5) (0.7, 6.8) (3.4, 8

B-195 
B-196 Exhibit B-5b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Department Type 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volun

4. Do your firefighters receive training on any of the topics 

listed below? If so, is training optional or required? 

4a. Fighting structure fires 

No Training (0.6, 2.0) (1.0, 8.9) (0.4, 3

Optional Training (14.6, 19.1) (2.6, 9.1) (12.0, 2

Required Training 

4b. Driving safety 

(80.4, 85.0) (88.0, 96.3) (78.9, 8

No Training (2.9, 5.3) (1.1, 5.7) (2.3, 7Optional Training (16.3, 21.1) (4.3, 11.7) (13.4, 2Required Training 

4c. Incident Command systems 

(75.1, 80.1) (86.2, 94.2) (73.5, 8

No Training (2.0, 4.1) (**, **) (1.4, 5

Optional Training (24.8, 30.2) (3.2, 10.0) (23.0, 3Required Training 

4d. Maintenance of Self-Contained Breathing Apparatuses 

(SCBAs) 

(67.1, 72.6) (89.9, 96.7) (64.6, 7

No Training (5.2, 8.3) (3.2, 10.1) (4.7, 11

Optional Training (30.8, 36.5) (10.3, 20.8) (26.7, 3

Required Training 

4e. Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) 

(57.3, 63.1) (73.2, 84.9) (55.8, 6

No Training (25.8, 31.3) (7.1, 16.8) (22.1, 3

Optional Training (33.3, 39.2) (10.1, 20.8) (25.1, 3

Required Training (32.8, 38.3) (68.0, 80.7) (38.3, 4
Exhibit B-5b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Department Type 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volun

4f. Use of personal protective equipment and/or protective 

clothing No Training (0.9, 2.4) (1.4, 7.0) (0.7, 3

Optional Training (8.2, 11.8) (2.3, 7.9) (7.9, 1

Required Training 

4g. Use of radio communication devices 

(86.9, 90.7) (88.7, 95.8) (83.2, 9

No Training (1.9, 3.8) (1.2, 6.4) (1.7, 5Optional Training (19.0, 23.9) (5.9, 13.9) (19.4, 2Required Training (73.6, 78.6) (83.6, 92.3) (68.3, 7

5. Who provides training to your firefighters? MARK ALL THAT 

APPLY. Our department’s Training Officer (82.6, 86.9) (82.6, 91.9) (80.5, 8

Other officers within our department (80.4, 85.0) (90.7, 96.9) (75.9, 8State fire training agency (74.8, 79.8) (73.5, 83.4) (70.7, 8

United States Fire Administration’s (USFA) National Fire Academy 

in Emmitsburg, MD 

(18.9, 23.1) (51.4, 64.8) (21.9, 2

Conferences or regional meetings (48.8, 54.6) (63.8, 76.6) (49.0, 5Other (22.7, 27.8) (18.4, 30.0) (18.4, 2

6. What other trainings have your firefighters attended in the 

last 12 months? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Roadside incidents/Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVA) (52.4, 58.2) (42.7, 56.3) (46.0, 5

Scuba diving (6.2, 9.1) (15.0, 25.7) (4.8, 10

Swift water rescue (9.6, 13.0) (24.8, 36.6) (9.0, 1

Wildland fire fighting (44.1, 49.9) (23.2, 34.8) (43.6, 5

HAZMAT (63.8, 69.4) (81.4, 90.8) (60.3, 7

Other (28.5, 33.9) (34.8, 47.8) (25.6, 3

B-197 
B-198 Exhibit B-5b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Department Type 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volun

8. How familiar are you with the National Institute for 

Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)? Not at all familiar (6.8, 10.2) (1.5, 7.4) (4.2, 10

Not very familiar (21.8, 27.0) (6.4, 16.2) (19.6, 2

Somewhat familiar (55.2, 61.0) (58.8, 71.3) (52.4, 6Very familiar (7.8, 10.9) (16.9, 25.9) (8.9, 1

9. How familiar are you with NIOSH’s Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP)? Not at all familiar (18.4, 23.3) (6.8, 15.8) (15.7, 2

Not very familiar (30.8, 36.4) (14.3, 25.0) (29.4, 3

Somewhat familiar (35.1, 40.7) (48.2, 61.3) (31.0, 4Very familiar (6.5, 9.4) (12.1, 19.7) (7.6, 1

10. How does your department receive information about 

NIOSH’s firefighter safety and health recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. NIOSH mailings (64.9, 70.5) (65.7, 78.1) (59.2, 6

National conference presentations (2.8, 4.7) (10.5, 19.1) (3.7, 7

State-level conference presentations (9.7, 13.5) (12.9, 22.1) (10.3, 1

Other firefighters or departments (20.5, 25.5) (20.6, 31.5) (19.3, 2

At seminars or other training opportunities (not conferences) (14.3, 18.6) (18.5, 29.3) (11.9, 1

Trade publications (such as Firehouse and Fire Engineering) (44.3, 50.1) (53.7, 66.6) (47.3, 5

NIOSH website (22.0, 26.7) (48.5, 61.7) (22.2, 3

Links from other websites (such as NFPA and Firehouse) (25.7, 30.9) (36.8, 50.0) (22.2, 3

Media reports—newspaper, television, radio (12.9, 17.1) (12.2, 21.8) (11.2, 1

Other 

(0.7, 1.9) (1.2, 7.3) (0.4, 2

Does not apply. We have not received information about NIOSH 

recommendations. 

(9.3, 13.2) (3.2, 11.9) (9.6, 1
Exhibit B-5b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Department Type 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volun

11. In what ways has your department used NIOSH 

recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Made changes to training program (37.3, 43.1) (47.6, 60.6) (33.6, 4Developed new SOPs/SOGs (23.8, 29.0) (31.9, 44.9) (23.8, 3

Made changes to SOPs/SOGs (32.2, 37.7) (44.6, 58.1) (29.2, 3

Justified current budget/staffing (4.0, 6.3) (10.6, 20.2) (4.3, 8

Made new budget/staffing requests (4.4, 6.8) (10.7, 20.1) (3.7, 7

Justified grant applications (13.5, 17.8) (17.6, 28.8) (10.0, 1

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations. (27.3, 32.9) (13.6, 23.7) (27.3, 3

 Legitimately Skipped Question (9.8, 13.9) (3.2, 12.0) (10.1, 1

11b. Can you identify topics of NIOSH recommendations that you 

have used for training purposes? If so, MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Traffic hazards (26.7, 32.1) (26.1, 38.7) (24.0, 3

Personal protective equipment and clothing (38.7, 44.5) (45.2, 58.2) (34.9, 4

SCBA 

(37.2, 43.0) (44.7, 58.4) (33.7, 4

PASS systems (29.9, 35.5) (31.3, 44.2) (28.4, 3Incident Command systems (29.4, 34.9) (33.0, 46.3) (26.8, 3Radio communications (20.7, 25.6) (21.5, 32.7) (19.3, 2

Physical fitness and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (7.1, 10.2) (17.9, 29.4) (5.7, 10

Building code compliance (e.g., warning against the use of wooden 

trusses) 

(5.6, 8.5) (11.0, 20.6) (4.4, 9

Other 

(1.6, 3.4) (2.0, 7.8) (1.4, 4

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations for 

training purposes. 

(1.3, 2.9) (1.0, 5.3) (0.5, 2

 Legitimately Skipped Question (38.9, 44.8) (19.3, 31.3) (40.3, 5

B-199 
B-200 Exhibit B-5b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Department Type 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volun

12. Does your department have a fitness training that involves 

physical exercise and/or other health promotion activities (for example a cardiovascular fitness program, physical training program, wellness program, or other fitness 

program)? 

No 

(76.4, 80.4) (21.9, 34.1) (65.8, 7

Yes, it’s required (5.9, 8.3) (30.1, 43.7) (8.5, 14Yes, it’s optional (12.8, 16.4) (29.9, 42.2) (15.8, 2

13. How often do your firefighters receive screenings for 

cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors? 

One time, when they first join the department (12.7, 16.6) (17.7, 29.4) (14.2, 2

Less frequently than once a year (5.8, 8.6) (8.2, 16.8) (5.7, 10

One time a year (15.2, 19.3) (42.1, 55.3) (14.2, 2

More than one time a year (0.1, 0.7) (1.0, 6.2) (0.1, 1

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive CVD 

screenings 

(58.3, 63.5) (10.0, 19.0) (52.1, 6

14. Do all drivers of vehicles responding to emergency calls 

receive driver training before being allowed to operate the vehicles? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 No (5.1, 8.0) (2.3, 8.4) (3.8, 9

Yes, they receive training required by the department (81.7, 86.0) (83.2, 92.4) (82.8, 9

Yes, they receive training required by the state (23.3, 28.3) (24.5, 36.9) (22.7, 3

Yes, they receive optional training (11.8, 15.9) (6.2, 13.6) (11.5, 1

15. How often do drivers of your fire department vehicles 

receive refresher driver training to continue being allowed to drive the vehicles? Two or more times a year (12.2, 16.4) (10.7, 20.2) (11.7, 1Once every year (37.5, 43.2) (32.6, 45.8) (36.4, 4

Less frequently than once a year (22.3, 27.3) (25.6, 38.4) (20.6, 2

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive continuing 

driver training. 

(18.4, 23.2) (10.4, 19.7) (14.5, 2
Exhibit B-5b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Department Type 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volun

16. Does your fire department have a requirement regarding 

seat belt use in emergency vehicles? 

Yes 

(81.9, 86.3) (89.8, 96.9) (82.7, 9

No 

(13.7, 18.1) (3.1, 10.2) (9.8, 17

17. To what extent do you agree or disagree that your 

firefighters are able to fit comfortably in their seatbelts while wearing turnout gear in your emergency vehicles? 

Strongly disagree (5.5, 8.5) (2.1, 7.4) (3.1, 7

Disagree (15.8, 20.4) (15.9, 27.1) (13.3, 2

Neither agree nor disagree (28.2, 33.7) (10.2, 19.5) (27.1, 3

 Agree (29.5, 34.9) (34.7, 48.0) (27.8, 3

Strongly agree (10.4, 14.2) (14.8, 25.6) (10.4, 1

18. About how often do you think your firefighters use their 

seatbelts when riding in the emergency vehicles? 

Never 

(4.2, 6.9) (0.9, 6.2) (1.9, 6

Some of the time (20.3, 25.3) (11.9, 21.0) (15.1, 2About half the time (14.8, 19.4) (7.3, 15.2) (13.2, 2

Most of the time (35.6, 41.3) (32.3, 44.6) (34.4, 4

Always (14.6, 18.7) (26.9, 39.4) (17.1, 2

21. How often is Incident Command established when 

responding to structure fires? 

Never 

(1.5, 3.5) (0.1, 4.3) (1.5, 6

 Rarely (5.4, 8.5) (1.6, 7.2) (4.2, 10

About half the time (5.3, 8.4) (1.0, 6.2) (3.7, 9

Most of the time (25.0, 30.4) (10.1, 20.2) (21.1, 3

Always (53.7, 59.4) (72.6, 84.2) (53.7, 6

B-201 
B-202 Exhibit B-5b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Department Type 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volun

22. What are the reasons why Incident Command is not always 

established by your fire department? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not usually big enough to require an Incident Commander (20.1, 25.1) (6.6, 15.2) (19.2, 2

Not enough firefighters available at the scene of the fire (18.8, 23.7) (4.4, 12.9) (15.2, 2

Other 

(5.0, 7.8) (4.0, 11.2) (3.3, 8

Does not apply. My department always assigns an Incident 

Commander for structure fires. 

(2.7, 4.9) (0.3, 3.7) (1.3, 4

 Legitimately Skipped Question (53.7, 59.5) (72.7, 84.3) (53.8, 623. When Incident Command is established for a structure fire, 

what are the Incident Commander’s responsibilities? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Conduct an initial assessment before the other firefighters begin 

entering the building 

(89.1, 92.6) (81.2, 91.2) (84.3, 9

Develop and coordinate the fire attack strategy (91.4, 94.5) (91.5, 99.2) (90.8, 9

Develop and initiate a risk management plan (49.4, 55.3) (58.5, 71.7) (49.0, 5

Document all assessments, plans and events related to the fire (36.0, 41.7) (34.0, 46.9) (31.6, 4

Ensure that at least four (4) firefighters are on the scene before 

entering the building 

(65.7, 71.3) (72.1, 83.5) (65.5, 7

Establish a collapse zone around the building (46.1, 52.0) (50.3, 63.9) (41.6, 5

Establish Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) or Rapid Intervention 

Crew (RIC) 

(45.7, 51.3) (73.6, 85.0) (46.7, 5

Identify and implement a communication strategy (61.9, 67.5) (58.5, 71.7) (60.6, 7

Monitor location of all firefighters at the scene (73.6, 78.7) (77.1, 88.4) (72.8, 8

Other 

(7.6, 10.9) (7.9, 17.5) (4.8, 10

24. About how often does an Incident Commander assign an 

Incident Safety Officer when responding to structure fires?

 Never (11.4, 15.5) (7.9, 17.3) (9.7, 17

Some of the time (24.0, 29.2) (22.3, 33.5) (22.1, 3

About half the time (6.6, 9.9) (3.8, 10.3) (5.8, 11

Most of the time (27.2, 32.5) (22.3, 33.7) (26.2, 3

Always (19.9, 24.9) (21.4, 32.7) (17.1, 2
Exhibit B-5b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Department Type 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volun

25. What are the reasons why an Incident Commander does not 

always assign an Incident Safety Officer? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not big enough to require an Incident Safety Officer (29.5, 35.1) (20.9, 32.2) (28.1, 3

Not enough firefighters are available at the scene of the fire (48.7, 54.6) (29.1, 42.0) (48.8, 5

Other (11.3, 15.1) (24.1, 36.2) (11.4, 1

Does not apply. Our Incident Commanders always assign an 

Incident Safety Officer for structure fires. 

(1.4, 3.0) (1.1, 5.9) (0.3, 2

 Legitimately Skipped Question (20.3, 25.2) (21.5, 32.7) (17.5, 2

26. How often are Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) or Rapid 

Intervention Crews (RICs) available at structure fires?

 Never (26.7, 32.1) (6.4, 15.7) (24.8, 3

Some of the time (19.5, 24.3) (8.6, 17.5) (15.7, 2About half the time (5.2, 8.0) (1.9, 7.9) (4.3, 9

Most of the time (20.2, 25.0) (22.9, 34.5) (19.5, 2

Always (17.8, 22.1) (39.2, 51.4) (17.3, 2

27. In what situations are RITs/RICs established? MARK ALL 

THAT APPLY. 

When the building has more than one story/floor (7.8, 11.2) (5.8, 13.6) (7.4, 1

When there are enough firefighters on and at the scene of the fire (29.6, 35.1) (21.4, 33.2) (28.7, 3

Whenever firefighters enter a burning building (23.9, 29.1) (15.9, 26.8) (20.2, 2

Other 

(3.8, 6.3) (5.5, 13.2) (2.9, 7

 Legitimately Skipped Question (46.4, 52.2) (48.6, 61.3) (45.6, 5

B-203 
B-204 Exhibit B-5b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Department Type 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volun

28. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

use RITs/RICs in every structure fire? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

The structure fire may not be large enough to need an RIT/RIC (32.1, 37.8) (23.5, 35.8) (32.9, 4

We don’t have enough equipment, SCBAs, or turnout gear to 

establish an RIT/RIC 

(7.2, 10.8) (0.0, 0.8) (5.5, 12

We don’t have enough firefighters available at the scene of the fire (50.6, 56.5) (27.4, 39.8) (48.0, 5

We don’t have enough training or trained personnel at the scene to 

establish an RIT/RIC 

(18.3, 23.2) (5.3, 12.8) (14.2, 2

We have never established an RIT/RIC (15.5, 20.1) (2.5, 8.5) (11.1, 1

We use other fire departments in the area for RITs/RICs (26.6, 32.0) (8.4, 18.0) (20.2, 2We use other safety practices and so we don’t need them (3.1, 5.7) (0.6, 5.2) (3.6, 9

Other 

(3.1, 5.4) (3.5, 11.7) (1.6, 4

 Legitimately Skipped Question (18.1, 22.6) (39.4, 51.6) (17.7, 2

29. Does your fire department have enough Personal Alert 

Safety System (PASS) devices for all firefighters for use when fighting structure fires? 

Yes 

(76.2, 81.1) (92.3, 99.2) (72.0, 8

No 

(18.9, 23.8) (0.8, 7.7) (18.7, 2

30. About how often do you think your firefighters wear their 

PASS devices when fighting structure fires? 

Never 

(4.9, 8.0) (0.2, 9.6) (5.9, 12

Some of the time (2.9, 5.3) (0.2, 3.7) (1.6, 6

About half the time (1.2, 2.8) (0.0, 1.3) (0.7, 4Most of the time (10.9, 15.0) (3.3, 10.0) (7.5, 14

Always (72.5, 77.6) (86.2, 95.2) (70.9, 8
Exhibit B-5b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Department Type 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volun

31. Why do you think your firefighters do not use their PASS 

devices more often? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. They don’t have a PASS device to use (11.2, 15.4) (0.3, 9.1) (12.2, 2

Situation doesn’t require them (7.9, 11.4) (0.7, 5.4) (4.8, 10

Firefighters think the devices do not always work reliably (0.1, 1.0) (0.1, 3.1) (0.1, 2

Firefighters don’t think they need them (3.5, 5.9) (0.4, 4.7) (1.3, 4

Devices go off while firefighters are resting (2.7, 4.9) (1.2, 6.4) (0.9, 4

 Legitimately Skipped Question (72.9, 78.0) (87.3, 96.0) (71.2, 832. Does your department have Self Contained Breathing 

Apparatuses (SCBA) for your firefighters to use when combating structure fires? 

Yes 

(98.4, 99.6) (91.4, 99.4) (96.7, 9

No 

(0.4, 1.6) (0.6, 8.6) (0.2, 3

33. Do your firefighters ever have to share facepieces for 

SCBAs? 

Yes 

(46.7, 52.7) (5.2, 13.2) (45.2, 5

No 

(46.5, 52.5) (83.1, 93.2) (43.2, 5

 Legitimately Skipped Question (0.4, 1.6) (0.6, 9.3) (0.2, 3

33a. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

have personally-fitted SCBA facepieces for all of your firefighters? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Didn’t know it was recommended (3.5, 6.3) (**, **) (3.4, 9

Firefighters don’t like using the equipment (0.1, 0.9) (**, **) (**, *

Have never needed them (e.g., we don’t do interior attacks) (0.3, 1.5) (**, **) (0.2, 2They cost too much, there is not enough money in the budget (29.0, 34.7) (3.2, 9.9) (26.8, 3We don’t have enough equipment for all of our firefighters (22.0, 27.3) (0.6, 5.1) (20.3, 3

Shared systems work fine for our needs (20.9, 26.2) (2.2, 7.8) (19.7, 2

Other 

(3.8, 6.5) (0.5, 5.0) (3.1, 7

 Legitimately Skipped Question (47.4, 53.3) (86.8, 94.8) (43.9, 5

B-205 
B-206 Exhibit B-5b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Department Type 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volun

34. About how often do you think your firefighters use SCBAs 

while fighting structure fires?

 Never (0.6, 2.2) (**, **) (1.2, 5

Some of the time (3.6, 6.2) (**, **) (1.6, 6

About half the time (1.8, 3.9) (0.4, 5.4) (0.8, 4Most of the time (22.0, 27.2) (8.5, 18.6) (18.7, 2

Always (63.3, 68.9) (76.6, 88.4) (63.1, 7

 Legitimately Skipped Question (0.4, 1.6) (0.6, 9.4) (0.2, 3

35. Why do you think your firefighters do not use SCBAs more 

often when fighting structure fires? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Situation doesn’t require them (23.3, 28.6) (5.1, 12.9) (19.3, 2

Firefighters do not trust that the SCBAs will work reliably (**, **) (**, **) (**, *

Firefighters don’t think they need them (8.6, 12.3) (4.4, 12.8) (4.9, 11

Firefighters don’t like sharing facepieces with others (0.5, 1.8) (**, **) (0.1, 3

Firefighters are concerned that the SCBA may be or become 

contaminated 

(**, **) (**, **) (**, *

Wearing SCBAs makes it more difficult to work (4.6, 7.5) (2.4, 8.7) (2.5, 7

Firefighters don’t have SCBAs to use (2.8, 5.4) (**, **) (1.5, 6

 Legitimately Skipped Question (64.9, 70.5) (79.6, 90.3) (65.4, 7

36. How often is routine maintenance performed on your 

SCBAs? After every time they are used Once a month or more Several times a year Once a year Less than once a year 

Never. Maintenance has not been done on our SCBAs. Does not apply. My department does not have SCBAs. 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 

(39.7, 46.3) 

(16.5, 21.7) 

(12.8, 17.5) 

(14.1, 19.1) 

(3.1, 5.9) 

(0.8, 2.5) 

(**, **) 

(0.5, 2.0) 

(43.0, 57.1) 

(7.9, 17.8) 

(12.4, 23.5) (12.3, 21.5) 

(0.4, 4.1) 

(0.0, 1.3) 

(**, **) 

(0.7, 10.5) 

(41.0, 5

(12.7, 2

(11.3, 1

(10.9, 1

(2.0, 6

(0.7, 4

(**, *

(0.2, 4
Exhibit B-5b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Department Type 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volun

37. How many Chemical/Biological/Radiological/Nuclear 

(CBRN) SCBAs are available (or on order) for use by firefighters within your department at this time? Greater than zero (15.5, 19.8) (36.9, 50.7) (16.4, 2

Zero 

(80.2, 84.5) (49.3, 63.1) (75.6, 8

37a. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

have CBRN SCBAs? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

CBRN SCBA devices are not needed in our department (18.5, 23.6) (6.7, 16.2) (14.0, 2

We didn’t know they were available (12.9, 17.5) (6.0, 14.8) (11.3, 1

We don’t have adequate technical information to purchase them (17.3, 22.3) (4.8, 12.5) (15.8, 2

We don’t have adequate funding to purchase them (57.2, 63.2) (30.5, 44.0) (52.4, 6

Other 

(3.7, 6.4) (5.4, 12.6) (3.0, 8

 Legitimately Skipped Question (16.2, 20.6) (37.8, 51.8) (16.7, 2

38. Does your fire department have Automated External 

Defibrillators (AEDs)?

 Yes (74.8, 79.9) (87.0, 95.4) (71.9, 8

No 

(20.1, 25.2) (4.6, 13.0) (18.8, 2

38a. At your fire department, where do you have AEDs? 

At the fire station(s) (1.9, 4.1) (0.1, 1.7) (1.6, 5

On the emergency vehicles (or apparatus) (58.9, 64.9) (70.1, 82.7) (54.9, 6

Both at the fire station(s) and on the vehicles (or apparatus) (8.7, 12.3) (9.1, 18.8) (8.1, 14

 Legitimately Skipped Question (22.2, 27.7) (5.5, 15.4) (20.8, 339. How often has routine maintenance, including replacement 

of battery packs, been performed on your AEDs? After every time they are used (11.7, 16.4) (19.0, 29.5) (12.6, 2Once a month or more (22.6, 28.5) (19.8, 32.1) (21.3, 3

Several times a year (18.0, 23.4) (12.6, 23.2) (10.8, 1

Once a year (19.6, 25.3) (19.0, 31.9) (21.6, 3

Less frequently than once a year (5.8, 9.5) (3.0, 11.1) (2.9, 9

Never. Maintenance on our AEDs has not been done. (8.4, 12.8) (1.1, 6.5) (6.8, 15

B-207 
B-208 Exhibit B-5b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Department Type 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volun

40. About how often do your firefighters carry radios or other 

two-way communication devices while responding to structure fires? 

Never 

(1.0, 2.6) (0.0, 1.2) (0.4, 3

Some of the time (3.6, 6.1) (0.0, 1.2) (1.0, 4

About half the time (1.8, 3.8) (0.5, 4.4) (0.7, 4

Most of the time (18.3, 23.1) (3.8, 11.1) (12.6, 2

Always (67.7, 73.0) (86.9, 94.7) (73.9, 8

41. Some radios and other two-way communication devices can 

have problems under field conditions, such as bleed-over, interference, or loss of communication. About how often do your communication devices have these or other problems? 

Never 

(15.9, 20.4) (11.0, 21.2) (15.0, 2

Some of the time (61.6, 67.3) (67.9, 80.0) (60.1, 7About half the time (8.6, 12.2) (3.2, 9.9) (6.5, 13

Most of the time (4.2, 6.9) (2.2, 7.4) (3.3, 8

Always 

(1.1, 2.9) (0.1, 1.7) (0.3, 3

42. How would you rate your department’s budget in the 

following areas? 

42a. Equipment 

Not adequate (45.7, 51.6) (29.1, 42.1) (41.1, 5Adequate (42.8, 48.6) (51.4, 64.8) (41.5, 5

More than adequate 

42b. Training 

(4.5, 7.2) (4.1, 10.1) (4.7, 9

Not adequate (36.3, 42.0) (37.3, 50.1) (35.0, 4Adequate (52.7, 58.6) (44.2, 57.3) (48.2, 5

More than adequate (4.0, 6.8) (3.3, 9.5) (4.0, 9
Exhibit B-5b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Department Type 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volun

42c. Personnel 

Not adequate (48.5, 54.5) (51.9, 64.8) (48.1, 5

Adequate (41.3, 47.3) (31.8, 44.6) (36.7, 4More than adequate (3.1, 5.7) (1.9, 6.6) (2.4, 7

43. How often have you seen NIOSH reports that describe 

recent firefighter fatalities and make recommendations for avoiding similar incidents? Please refer to the insert sheet included with this survey for examples of NIOSH firefighter safety reports. 

Never 

(24.2, 29.5) (11.2, 22.0) (19.1, 2

One or two times per year (31.6, 37.2) (27.3, 39.5) (29.9, 4Several times per year (30.5, 35.9) (33.5, 46.6) (30.2, 3Once a month or more (4.5, 7.2) (7.9, 15.6) (4.5, 10

44. How does your department receive the NIOSH Fire Fighter 

Fatality Investigation reports? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

By mail (53.1, 58.9) (45.6, 58.5) (49.4, 6

On the Internet (22.4, 27.1) (41.8, 55.0) (23.8, 3

From colleagues in other departments (8.3, 11.8) (9.4, 17.8) (9.8, 17

At conferences or other meetings (5.7, 8.5) (13.5, 23.1) (6.1, 11

 Legitimately Skipped Question (24.2, 29.5) (11.2, 22.0) (19.0, 245. Have you read part or all of a NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation report in the last 12 months?

 Yes (50.4, 56.2) (62.4, 75.3) (51.3, 6No 

(17.8, 22.5) (10.7, 20.5) (16.4, 2

 Legitimately Skipped Question (24.1, 29.4) (11.2, 22.0) (18.7, 2

B-209 
B-210 Exhibit B-5b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Department Type 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volun

50. Does the fire department disseminate the information it 

receives from NIOSH to the firefighters? 

Yes 

(57.7, 63.5) (65.3, 77.8) (57.8, 6

No 

(10.2, 14.1) (8.6, 17.1) (9.9, 17

 Legitimately Skipped Question (24.7, 30.0) (11.1, 21.9) (19.3, 250a. How is this information disseminated to firefighters? MARK 

ALL THAT APPLY. Regular staff meetings (21.1, 26.1) (17.7, 28.7) (18.9, 2Training sessions (41.3, 47.2) (41.4, 55.1) (41.0, 5

Provide copies of NIOSH reports to firefighters (14.2, 18.3) (26.0, 38.2) (17.2, 2Provide copies of NIOSH report summaries to firefighters (5.0, 7.7) (7.7, 16.4) (5.7, 11

Provide summaries prepared by department to firefighters (1.2, 2.7) (2.8, 6.8) (0.7, 3

Postings on bulletin boards (35.6, 41.3) (32.6, 46.1) (32.4, 4Post report on the department website (0.7, 1.8) (1.6, 5.9) (0.8, 2

Send message to firefighters by email (4.3, 6.5) (18.3, 29.7) (5.9, 10

Other 

(0.8, 2.0) (1.6, 5.3) (0.3, 1

 Legitimately Skipped Question (36.2, 42.0) (22.9, 35.7) (31.5, 451. The NIOSH reports sometimes reference other documents, 

such as guidelines or more detailed technical reports. Does your fire department usually have access to documents that are referenced in NIOSH reports? 

Yes 

(31.6, 36.9) (55.8, 69.3) (32.1, 4

No 

(35.5, 41.3) (15.9, 27.0) (34.3, 4

 Legitimately Skipped Question (24.8, 30.2) (11.5, 22.5) (19.4, 2
Exhibit B-5b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Department Type 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volu

52. NIOSH reports always include recommendations that are 

designed to help improve the health and safety of firefighters. How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about the NIOSH recommendations: 

52a. Recommendations are practical 

Strongly Disagree (0.2, 1.1) (0.4, 5.1) (0.3, 2Disagree (2.6, 4.8) (1.2, 5.2) (1.9, 5

Neither Agree nor Disagree (16.5, 21.2) (10.6, 19.9) (13.6, 2

 Agree (42.7, 48.6) (52.9, 66.4) (44.2, 5

Strongly Agree (2.7, 5.0) (3.4, 8.9) (2.5, 7

 Legitimately Skipped Question 52b. Recommendations are easy to understand 

(25.3, 30.8) (11.3, 22.2) (20.0, 2

Strongly Disagree (0.2, 1.0) (0.0, 1.3) (0.3, 2

Disagree (1.1, 2.6) (0.5, 3.6) (0.7, 3

Neither Agree nor Disagree (17.5, 22.3) (8.2, 16.6) (14.5, 2

 Agree (42.4, 48.4) (56.8, 70.0) (44.0, 5

Strongly Agree (3.5, 6.1) (4.5, 10.6) (3.1, 8

 Legitimately Skipped Question 52c. Recommendations are specific and concrete 

(25.4, 30.9) (11.3, 22.3) (20.1, 2

Strongly Disagree (0.2, 1.0) (0.4, 4.6) (0.3, 2

Disagree (2.3, 4.4) (1.5, 4.8) (1.7, 5

Neither Agree nor Disagree (24.0, 29.4) (17.6, 28.9) (23.2, 3

 Agree (35.0, 40.8) (43.5, 57.1) (35.2, 4

Strongly Agree (2.8, 5.2) (4.3, 10.3) (1.8, 6

 Legitimately Skipped Question (25.4, 30.8) (11.4, 22.4) (20.1, 2

B-211 
B-212 Exhibit B-5b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Department Type 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volun

53. What other NIOSH materials have you seen? MARK ALL 

THAT APPLY. Pocket guide to chemical hazards (54.4, 60.4) (70.8, 82.5) (53.5, 6

Respirator maintenance program guide (11.9, 15.9) (15.5, 25.6) (8.7, 1

CDs of firefighter program materials (25.4, 30.7) (28.3, 41.3) (23.0, 3

 Alerts (29.1, 34.5) (43.0, 55.9) (27.6, 3

Hazard IDs (14.5, 19.0) (14.0, 24.0) (11.9, 1Workplace Solutions (10.7, 14.6) (9.7, 18.7) (9.9, 16

Other 

(0.4, 1.4) (0.3, 1.9) (0.2, 1

None. I have not seen any NIOSH materials. (22.6, 27.9) (9.7, 20.2) (20.5, 3

53a. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with these NIOSH 

materials? Very dissatisfied (0.8, 2.2) (1.3, 5.9) (0.4, 3

Dissatisfied (0.0, 0.7) (**, **) (**, *Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied (18.8, 23.8) (7.8, 16.4) (14.3, 2

Satisfied (44.1, 50.1) (52.3, 65.4) (44.8, 5

Very satisfied (4.0, 6.7) (8.7, 17.4) (3.9, 9

 Legitimately Skipped Question (22.4, 27.7) (9.9, 20.6) (20.1, 254. Have you ever visited the NIOSH website at 

www.cdc.gov/niosh/firehome.html? 

No 

(56.5, 62.2) (21.3, 33.6) (51.6, 6

Yes, in the last year (31.9, 37.3) (57.1, 70.4) (32.3, 4

Yes, longer than one year ago (4.9, 7.6) (5.7, 13.7) (4.4, 9

Note: Estimates are generated from the 2006 Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation, Fire DepEstimates within each column from the “Mark all that Apply” questions will not sum to 100. Estimates within each column from the oth

sum to 100 due to rounding. 

The digits in square brackets beside an estimate [#] indicate the estimate is significantly different at the 95% confidence level from th

in column #. A plus sign within the square brackets [+] indicates the estimate has low precision. 

** Estimate is less than 0.1 and therefore rounds to zero. 
Exhibit B-5c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Department Type 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volu

1. Does your department have a Safety Officer? Yes No 

1,587 1,587 

323 323 

487 487 

2. Does your department have a Training Officer? Yes No 

1,600 1,600 

329 329 

489 489 

3. Some fire departments use Standard Operating Procedures 

(SOPs) or Standard Operating Guidelines (SOGs) to 

describe how certain situations should be approached. For which of the following does your department have SOPs/SOGs in place? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Incident Command Systems 1,600 329 489 

Maintenance of SCBAs 1,600 329 489 

Motor vehicle safety 1,600 329 489 Participation in a personal physical fitness program 1,600 329 489 

Participation in regular health screenings for cardiovascular disease 

(CVD) 

1,600 329 489 

Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs), also known as Rapid Intervention 

Crews (RICs) or Firefighter Assistance and Search Teams (FAST) 

1,600 329 489 

Use of Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) devices 1,600 329 489 

Use of personal protective equipment and protective clothing 1,600 329 489 

Use of radio communications 1,600 329 489 

Other 

1,600 329 489 

Does not apply. Our fire department does not use SOPs/SOGs. 1,600 329 489 

B-213 
B-214 Exhibit B-5c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Department Type (continued) 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volu

4. Do your firefighters receive training on any of the topics 

listed below? If so, is training optional or required? 

4a. Fighting structure fires No Training 1,607 331 486  Optional Training 1,607 331 486  Required Training 4b. Driving safety 

1,607 331 486 

 No Training 1,598 331 486  Optional Training 1,598 331 486  Required Training 4c. Incident Command systems 

1,598 331 486 

 No Training 1,584 327 488  Optional Training 1,584 327 488  Required Training 4d. Maintenance of Self-Contained Breathing Apparatuses 

(SCBAs) 

1,584 327 488 

 No Training 1,581 325 479  Optional Training 1,581 325 479  Required Training 4e. Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) 

1,581 325 479 

 No Training 1,511 324 461  Optional Training 1,511 324 461  Required Training 1,511 324 461 
Exhibit B-5c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Department Type (continued) 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volu

4f. Use of personal protective equipment and/or protective 

clothing 

 No Training 1,611 330 491 

 Optional Training 1,611 330 491  Required Training 4g. Use of radio communication devices

1,611 330 491 

 No Training 1,606 329 488  Optional Training 1,606 329 488  Required Training 1,606 329 488 

5. Who provides training to your firefighters? MARK ALL THAT 

APPLY. Our department’s Training Officer 1,611 330 490 Other officers within our department 1,611 330 490 State fire training agency 1,611 330 490 

United States Fire Administration’s (USFA) National Fire Academy 

in Emmitsburg, MD 

1,611 330 490 

Conferences or regional meetings 1,611 330 490 

Other 

1,611 330 490 

6. What other trainings have your firefighters attended in the 

last 12 months? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Roadside incidents/Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVA) 1,622 332 496 

 Scuba diving 1,622 332 496 

Swift water rescue 1,622 332 496 

 Wildland fire fighting 1,622 332 496 

HAZMAT 

1,622 332 496 

Other 

1,622 332 496 

B-215 
B-216 Exhibit B-5c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Department Type (continued) 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volu

8. How familiar are you with the National Institute for 

Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)? Not at all familiar 1,610 329 492 Not very familiar 1,610 329 492 

 Somewhat familiar 1,610 329 492 

 Very familiar 1,610 329 492 9. How familiar are you with NIOSH’s Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP)? Not at all familiar 1,611 328 495 

Not very familiar 1,611 328 495 

 Somewhat familiar 1,611 328 495 

 Very familiar 1,611 328 495 10. How does your department receive information about 

NIOSH’s firefighter safety and health recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 NIOSH mailings 1,609 330 494 

National conference presentations 1,609 330 494 State-level conference presentations 1,609 330 494 Other firefighters or departments 1,609 330 494 

At seminars or other training opportunities (not conferences) 1,609 330 494 Trade publications (such as Firehouse and Fire Engineering) 1,609 330 494 

 NIOSH website 1,609 330 494 

Links from other websites (such as NFPA and Firehouse) 1,609 330 494 

Media reports—newspaper, television, radio 1,609 330 494 

Other 

1,609 330 494 

Does not apply. We have not received information about NIOSH 

recommendations. 

1,609 330 494 
Exhibit B-5c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Department Type (continued) 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volu

11. In what ways has your department used NIOSH 

recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Made changes to training program 1,536 321 474 Developed new SOPs/SOGs 1,536 321 474 

Made changes to SOPs/SOGs 1,536 321 474 Justified current budget/staffing 1,536 321 474 

Made new budget/staffing requests 1,536 321 474 

Justified grant applications 1,536 321 474 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations. 1,536 321 474 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,536 321 474 11b. Can you identify topics of NIOSH recommendations that you 

have used for training purposes? If so, MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

 Traffic hazards 1,530 317 476 

Personal protective equipment and clothing 1,530 317 476 

SCBA 

1,530 317 476 

 PASS systems 1,530 317 476 

Incident Command systems 1,530 317 476 

 Radio communications 1,530 317 476 

Physical fitness and cardiovascular disease (CVD) 1,530 317 476 

Building code compliance (e.g., warning against the use of wooden 

trusses) 

1,530 317 476 

Other 

1,530 317 476 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations for 

training purposes. 

1,530 317 476 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,530 317 476 

B-217 
B-218 Exhibit B-5c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Department Type (continued) 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volu

12. Does your department have a fitness training that involves 

physical exercise and/or other health promotion activities (for example a cardiovascular fitness program, physical training program, wellness program, or other fitness 

program)? 

No 

1,596 324 489 

Yes, it’s required 1,596 324 489 

Yes, it’s optional 1,596 324 489 

13. How often do your firefighters receive screenings for 

cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors? 

One time, when they first join the department 1,582 321 479 

Less frequently than once a year 1,582 321 479 One time a year 1,582 321 479 

More than one time a year 1,582 321 479 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive CVD 

screenings 

1,582 321 479 

14. Do all drivers of vehicles responding to emergency calls 

receive driver training before being allowed to operate the vehicles? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 No 1,616 332 494 

Yes, they receive training required by the department 1,616 332 494 

Yes, they receive training required by the state 1,616 332 494 

Yes, they receive optional training 1,616 332 494 

15. How often do drivers of your fire department vehicles 

receive refresher driver training to continue being allowed to drive the vehicles? Two or more times a year 1,611 329 494 Once every year 1,611 329 494 Less frequently than once a year 1,611 329 494 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive continuing 

driver training. 

1,611 329 494 
Exhibit B-5c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Department Type (continued) 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volu

16. Does your fire department have a requirement regarding 

seat belt use in emergency vehicles? 

Yes 

1,613 330 495 

No 

1,613 330 495 

17. To what extent do you agree or disagree that your 

firefighters are able to fit comfortably in their seatbelts while wearing turnout gear in your emergency vehicles? 

 Strongly disagree 1,603 330 489 

 Disagree 1,603 330 489 

Neither agree nor disagree 1,603 330 489 

 Agree 1,603 330 489  Strongly agree 1,603 330 489 18. About how often do you think your firefighters use their 

seatbelts when riding in the emergency vehicles? 

Never 

1,616 332 493 

Some of the time 1,616 332 493 About half the time 1,616 332 493 

Most of the time 1,616 332 493 

Always 

1,616 332 493 

21. How often is Incident Command established when 

responding to structure fires? 

Never 

1,604 328 491 

 Rarely 1,604 328 491 

About half the time 1,604 328 491 

Most of the time 1,604 328 491 

Always 

1,604 328 491 

B-219 
B-220 Exhibit B-5c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Department Type (continued) 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volu

22. What are the reasons why Incident Command is not always 

established by your fire department? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not usually big enough to require an Incident Commander 1,600 327 490 

Not enough firefighters available at the scene of the fire 1,600 327 490 

Other 

1,600 327 490 

Does not apply. My department always assigns an Incident 

Commander for structure fires. 

1,600 327 490 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,600 327 490 23. When Incident Command is established for a structure fire, 

what are the Incident Commander’s responsibilities? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Conduct an initial assessment before the other firefighters begin 

entering the building 

1,588 327 480 

Develop and coordinate the fire attack strategy 1,588 327 480 Develop and initiate a risk management plan 1,588 327 480 

Document all assessments, plans and events related to the fire 1,588 327 480 

Ensure that at least four (4) firefighters are on the scene before 

entering the building 

1,588 327 480 

Establish a collapse zone around the building 1,588 327 480 Establish Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) or Rapid Intervention 

Crew (RIC) 

1,588 327 480 

Identify and implement a communication strategy 1,588 327 480 Monitor location of all firefighters at the scene 1,588 327 480 

Other 

1,588 327 480 

24. About how often does an Incident Commander assign an 

Incident Safety Officer when responding to structure fires?

 Never 1,605 330 488 

Some of the time 1,605 330 488 About half the time 1,605 330 488 Most of the time 1,605 330 488 

Always 

1,605 330 488 
Exhibit B-5c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Department Type (continued) 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volu

25. What are the reasons why an Incident Commander does not 

always assign an Incident Safety Officer? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not big enough to require an Incident Safety Officer 1,588 329 481 Not enough firefighters are available at the scene of the fire 1,588 329 481 

Other 

1,588 329 481 

Does not apply. Our Incident Commanders always assign an 

Incident Safety Officer for structure fires. 

1,588 329 481 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,588 329 481 26. How often are Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) or Rapid 

Intervention Crews (RICs) available at structure fires?

 Never 1,602 328 491 

Some of the time 1,602 328 491 About half the time 1,602 328 491 Most of the time 1,602 328 491 

Always 

1,602 328 491 

27. In what situations are RITs/RICs established? MARK ALL 

THAT APPLY. 

When the building has more than one story/floor 1,600 330 487 

When there are enough firefighters on and at the scene of the fire 1,600 330 487 

Whenever firefighters enter a burning building 1,600 330 487 

Other 

1,600 330 487 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,600 330 487 

B-221 
B-222 Exhibit B-5c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Department Type (continued) 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volu

28. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

use RITs/RICs in every structure fire? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

The structure fire may not be large enough to need an RIT/RIC 1,575 326 481 

We don’t have enough equipment, SCBAs, or turnout gear to 

establish an RIT/RIC 

1,575 326 481 

We don’t have enough firefighters available at the scene of the fire 1,575 326 481 

We don’t have enough training or trained personnel at the scene to 

establish an RIT/RIC 

1,575 326 481 

We have never established an RIT/RIC 1,575 326 481 

We use other fire departments in the area for RITs/RICs 1,575 326 481 

We use other safety practices and so we don’t need them 1,575 326 481 

Other 

1,575 326 481 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,575 326 481 29. Does your fire department have enough Personal Alert 

Safety System (PASS) devices for all firefighters for use when fighting structure fires? 

Yes 

1,606 332 488 

No 

1,606 332 488 

30. About how often do you think your firefighters wear their 

PASS devices when fighting structure fires? 

Never 

1,600 330 486 

Some of the time 1,600 330 486 

About half the time 1,600 330 486 

Most of the time 1,600 330 486 

Always 

1,600 330 486 
Exhibit B-5c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Department Type (continued) 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volu

31. Why do you think your firefighters do not use their PASS 

devices more often? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. They don’t have a PASS device to use 1,590 328 483 Situation doesn’t require them 1,590 328 483 

Firefighters think the devices do not always work reliably 1,590 328 483 

Firefighters don’t think they need them 1,590 328 483 

Devices go off while firefighters are resting 1,590 328 483 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,590 328 483 32. Does your department have Self Contained Breathing 

Apparatuses (SCBA) for your firefighters to use when combating structure fires? 

Yes 

1,606 331 487 

No 

1,606 331 487 

33. Do your firefighters ever have to share facepieces for 

SCBAs? 

Yes 

1,521 302 465 

No 

1,521 302 465 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,521 302 465 33a. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

have personally-fitted SCBA facepieces for all of your firefighters? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Didn’t know it was recommended 1,517 302 463 

Firefighters don’t like using the equipment 1,517 302 463 

Have never needed them (e.g., we don’t do interior attacks) 1,517 302 463 

They cost too much, there is not enough money in the budget 1,517 302 463 

We don’t have enough equipment for all of our firefighters 1,517 302 463 

Shared systems work fine for our needs 1,517 302 463 

Other 

1,517 302 463 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,517 302 463 

B-223 
B-224 Exhibit B-5c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Department Type (continued) 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volu

34. About how often do you think your firefighters use SCBAs 

while fighting structure fires?

 Never 1,536 305 469 

Some of the time 1,536 305 469 About half the time 1,536 305 469 

Most of the time 1,536 305 469 

Always 

1,536 305 469 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,536 305 469 35. Why do you think your firefighters do not use SCBAs more 

often when fighting structure fires? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Situation doesn’t require them 1,525 305 463 

Firefighters do not trust that the SCBAs will work reliably 1,525 305 463 

Firefighters don’t think they need them 1,525 305 463 

Firefighters don’t like sharing facepieces with others 1,525 305 463 

Firefighters are concerned that the SCBA may be or become 

contaminated 

1,525 305 463 

Wearing SCBAs makes it more difficult to work 1,525 305 463 

Firefighters don’t have SCBAs to use 1,525 305 463 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,525 305 463 36. How often is routine maintenance performed on your 

SCBAs? After every time they are used 1,270 270 389 Once a month or more 1,270 270 389 

Several times a year 1,270 270 389 

Once a year 1,270 270 389 Less than once a year 1,270 270 389 

Never. Maintenance has not been done on our SCBAs. 1,270 270 389 

Does not apply. My department does not have SCBAs. 1,270 270 389 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,270 270 389 
Exhibit B-5c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Department Type (continued) 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volu

37. How many Chemical/Biological/Radiological/Nuclear 

(CBRN) SCBAs are available (or on order) for use by firefighters within your department at this time?

 Greater than zero 1,518 311 461 

Zero 

1,518 311 461 

37a. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

have CBRN SCBAs? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

CBRN SCBA devices are not needed in our department 1,454 302 449 

We didn’t know they were available 1,454 302 449 

We don’t have adequate technical information to purchase them 1,454 302 449 

We don’t have adequate funding to purchase them 1,454 302 449 

Other 

1,454 302 449 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,454 302 449 38. Does your fire department have Automated External 

Defibrillators (AEDs)?

 Yes 1,610 326 495 No 

1,610 326 495 

38a. At your fire department, where do you have AEDs? 

At the fire station(s) 1,424 270 441 

On the emergency vehicles (or apparatus) 1,424 270 441 

Both at the fire station(s) and on the vehicles (or apparatus) 1,424 270 441 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,424 270 441 39. How often has routine maintenance, including replacement 

of battery packs, been performed on your AEDs? After every time they are used 1,235 289 368 Once a month or more 1,235 289 368 

Several times a year 1,235 289 368 

Once a year 1,235 289 368 

Less frequently than once a year 1,235 289 368 

Never. Maintenance on our AEDs has not been done. 1,235 289 368 

B-225 
B-226 Exhibit B-5c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Department Type (continued) 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volu

40. About how often do your firefighters carry radios or other 

two-way communication devices while responding to structure fires? 

Never 

1,610 332 492 

Some of the time 1,610 332 492 About half the time 1,610 332 492 

Most of the time 1,610 332 492 

Always 

1,610 332 492 

41. Some radios and other two-way communication devices can 

have problems under field conditions, such as bleed-over, interference, or loss of communication. About how often do your communication devices have these or other problems? 

Never 

1,612 332 493 

Some of the time 1,612 332 493 About half the time 1,612 332 493 

Most of the time 1,612 332 493 

Always 

1,612 332 493 

42. How would you rate your department’s budget in the 

following areas? 

42a. Equipment  Not adequate 1,608 328 493 

 Adequate 1,608 328 493 

More than adequate 1,608 328 493 
Exhibit B-5c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Department Type (continued) 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volu

42b. Training  Not adequate 1,608 329 491  Adequate 1,608 329 491 

More than adequate 

42c. Personnel 

1,608 329 491 

 Not adequate 1,551 330 476  Adequate 1,551 330 476 

More than adequate 1,551 330 476 

43. How often have you seen NIOSH reports that describe 

recent firefighter fatalities and make recommendations for avoiding similar incidents? Please refer to the insert sheet included with this survey for examples of NIOSH firefighter safety reports. 

Never 

1,605 329 489 

One or two times per year 1,605 329 489 

Several times per year 1,605 329 489 

Once a month or more 1,605 329 489 

44. How does your department receive the NIOSH Fire Fighter 

Fatality Investigation reports? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 By mail 1,605 328 492 

On the Internet 1,605 328 492 

From colleagues in other departments 1,605 328 492 

At conferences or other meetings 1,605 328 492 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,605 328 492 

B-227 
B-228 Exhibit B-5c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Department Type (continued) 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volu

45. Have you read part or all of a NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation report in the last 12 months?

 Yes 1,611 329 495 No 

1,611 329 495 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,611 329 495 50. Does the fire department disseminate the information it 

receives from NIOSH to the firefighters? 

Yes 

1,583 329 487 

No 

1,583 329 487 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,583 329 487 50a. How is this information disseminated to firefighters? MARK 

ALL THAT APPLY. Regular staff meetings 1,585 323 489 

 Training sessions 1,585 323 489 

Provide copies of NIOSH reports to firefighters 1,585 323 489 

Provide copies of NIOSH report summaries to firefighters 1,585 323 489 Provide summaries prepared by department to firefighters 1,585 323 489 

Postings on bulletin boards 1,585 323 489 

Post report on the department website 1,585 323 489 

Send message to firefighters by email 1,585 323 489 

Other 

1,585 323 489 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,585 323 489 51. The NIOSH reports sometimes reference other documents, 

such as guidelines or more detailed technical reports. Does your fire department usually have access to documents that are referenced in NIOSH reports? 

Yes 

1,564 318 479 

No 

1,564 318 479 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,564 318 479 
Exhibit B-5c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Department Type (continued) 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volu

52. NIOSH reports always include recommendations that are 

designed to help improve the health and safety of firefighters. How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about the NIOSH recommendations: 

52a. Recommendations are practical  Strongly Disagree 1,547 324 472 

 Disagree 1,547 324 472 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 1,547 324 472 

 Agree 1,547 324 472  Strongly Agree 1,547 324 472  Legitimately Skipped Question 52b. Recommendations are easy to understand 

1,547 324 472 

 Strongly Disagree 1,537 321 469  Disagree 1,537 321 469 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 1,537 321 469 

 Agree 1,537 321 469  Strongly Agree 1,537 321 469  Legitimately Skipped Question 52c. Recommendations are specific and concrete 

1,537 321 469 

 Strongly Disagree 1,537 321 467  Disagree 1,537 321 467 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 1,537 321 467 

 Agree 1,537 321 467  Strongly Agree 1,537 321 467  Legitimately Skipped Question 1,537 321 467 

B-229 
B-230 Exhibit B-5c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Department Type (continued) 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volu

53. What other NIOSH materials have you seen? MARK ALL 

THAT APPLY. Pocket guide to chemical hazards 1,537 322 472 

Respirator maintenance program guide 1,537 322 472 

CDs of firefighter program materials 1,537 322 472 

 Alerts 1,537 322 472  Hazard IDs 1,537 322 472 

 Workplace Solutions 1,537 322 472 Other 

1,537 322 472 

None. I have not seen any NIOSH materials. 1,537 322 472 

53a. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with these NIOSH 

materials? 

 Very dissatisfied 1,536 317 473 

 Dissatisfied 1,536 317 473 

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied 1,536 317 473 

 Satisfied 1,536 317 473  Very satisfied 1,536 317 473 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,536 317 473 54. Have you ever visited the NIOSH website at 

www.cdc.gov/niosh/firehome.html? 

No 

1,589 328 489 

Yes, in the last year 1,589 328 489 

Yes, longer than one year ago 1,589 328 489 

Note: Estimates are generated from the 2006 Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation, Fire DepEstimates within each column from the “Mark all that Apply” questions will not sum to 100. Estimates within each column from the oth

sum to 100 due to rounding. 

The digits in square brackets beside an estimate [#] indicate the estimate is significantly different at the 95% confidence level from th

in column #. A plus sign within the square brackets [+] indicates the estimate has low precision. 

** Estimate is less than 0.1 and therefore rounds to zero. 
Exhibit B-6a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Fatality and FFFIPP Investiga

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

1. Does your department have a Safety Officer? Yes No 

70.3 29.7 

78.6 [3]

21.4 [3]

 73.3  26.7 

2. Does your department have a Training Officer? Yes No 

88.5 11.5 

93.8 [3]

6.2 [3]

 90.4  9.6 

3. Some fire departments use Standard Operating 

Procedures (SOPs) or Standard Operating Guidelines (SOGs) to describe how certain situations should be approached. For which of the following does your department have SOPs/SOGs in place? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Incident Command Systems 83.7 92.0 [3] 92.7 [

Maintenance of SCBAs 69.7 80.8 [2,3] 68.7 [Motor vehicle safety 78.8 90.3 [3] 82.7 

Participation in a personal physical fitness program 11.0 24.3 [3] 18.1 Participation in regular health screenings for cardiovascular 

disease (CVD) 

16.8 32.0 [3] 24.5 

Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs), also known as Rapid 

Intervention Crews (RICs) or Firefighter Assistance and Search Teams (FAST) 

40.4 64.0 [3] 55.5 [

Use of Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) devices 75.4 83.2 [2,3] 71.7 [

Use of personal protective equipment and protective clothing 89.1 96.3 [3] 90.2 

Use of radio communications 84.8 91.2 [3] 88.9 

 Other 8.7 9.5 9.5 

Does not apply. Our fire department does not use SOPs/SOGs. 5.0 ** [3] 1.0 [

B-231 
B-232 Exhibit B-6a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Fatality and FFFIPP Investiga

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

4. Do your firefighters receive training on any of the topics 

listed below? If so, is training optional or required? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

4a. Fighting structure fires No Training 1.1 1.9 [+] 3.5 [

 Optional Training 16.7 7.7 [2,3] 20.2 [

 Required Training 4b. Driving safety 

82.8 90.4 [2,3] 76.3 [

 No Training 3.9 2.2 [+] 3.7 [

 Optional Training 18.6 5.8 [2,3] 16.0 [

 Required Training 4c. Incident Command systems 

77.7 92.0 [2,3] 80.3 [

 No Training 2.9 1.4 [+] 3.3 [

 Optional Training 27.4 12.3 [2,3] 23.1 [

 Required Training 4d. Maintenance of Self-Contained Breathing Apparatuses 

(SCBAs) 

69.9 86.3 [2,3] 73.6 [

 No Training 6.6 5.3 6.0  Optional Training 33.6 21.4 [3] 32.9  Required Training 4e. Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) 

60.3 73.4 [3] 61.1 

 No Training 28.5 9.9 [3] 17.7 [ Optional Training 36.2 29.6 [2] 46.1 [

 Required Training 35.5 60.5 [2,3] 36.1 [
Exhibit B-6a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Fatality and FFFIPP Investiga

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

4f. Use of personal protective equipment and/or protective 

clothing 

 No Training 1.5 0.8 [+] ** [3] 

 Optional Training 9.9 6.5 11.9  Required Training 4g. Use of radio communication devices

88.9 92.7 88.7 

 No Training 2.7 2.0 [+] 0.4 [

 Optional Training 21.4 13.4 [3] 21.1  Required Training 76.2 84.7 [3] 78.5 5. Who provides training to your firefighters? MARK ALL 

THAT APPLY. Our department’s Training Officer 84.9 91.3 [3] 88.1 

Other officers within our department 82.8 91.8 [3] 89.1 [State fire training agency 77.4 82.2 85.3 [

United States Fire Administration’s (USFA) National Fire Academy 

in Emmitsburg, MD 

20.9 42.9 [3] 32.4 [

Conferences or regional meetings 51.7 66.5 [3] 63.6 [

 Other 25.2 24.8 27.0 

6. What other trainings have your firefighters attended in 

the last 12 months? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Roadside incidents/Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVA) 55.3 60.0 52.7 

 Scuba diving 7.5 14.4 [3] 6.8 

Swift water rescue 11.2 29.8 [2,3] 9.8 [

 Wildland fire fighting 47.0 40.3 41.3 

 HAZMAT 66.7 82.6 [3] 78.3 [

 Other 31.2 36.6 28.4 

B-233 
B-234 Exhibit B-6a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Fatality and FFFIPP Investiga

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

8. How familiar are you with the National Institute for 

Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)? Not at all familiar 8.3 2.5 [3,+] 2.5 [

Not very familiar 24.3 6.8 [2,3] 18.1 [

 Somewhat familiar 58.1 48.5 [3] 60.7  Very familiar 9.3 42.2 [2,3] 18.7 [9. How familiar are you with NIOSH’s Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP)? Not at all familiar 20.8 6.8 [3] 9.5 [

Not very familiar 33.5 11.7 [2,3] 22.9 [

 Somewhat familiar 37.9 38.7 51.0 [ Very familiar 7.8 42.9 [2,3] 16.5 [10. How does your department receive information about 

NIOSH’s firefighter safety and health recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 NIOSH mailings 67.8 84.7 [3] 74.0 

National conference presentations 3.6 9.1 [3] 6.5 State-level conference presentations 11.5 15.1 9.1 Other firefighters or departments 22.9 24.6 26.2 

At seminars or other training opportunities (not conferences) 16.4 23.0 25.9 [

Trade publications (such as Firehouse and Fire Engineering) 47.2 60.7 [3] 57.9 [

 NIOSH website 24.3 56.7 [2,3] 33.6 [

Links from other websites (such as NFPA and Firehouse) 28.2 47.5 [3] 35.1 Media reports—newspaper, television, radio 14.9 19.2 17.3 

Other 

1.1 1.9 [+] 5.1 

Does not apply. We have not received information about NIOSH 

recommendations. 

11.1 2.9 [3] 4.0 [
Exhibit B-6a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Fatality and FFFIPP Investiga

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

11. In what ways has your department used NIOSH 

recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Made changes to training program 40.2 68.0 [3] 56.3 [

Developed new SOPs/SOGs 26.3 50.1 [3] 37.4 [Made changes to SOPs/SOGs 34.9 66.2 [2,3] 51.3 [Justified current budget/staffing 5.0 15.3 [3] 9.1 Made new budget/staffing requests 5.5 20.2 [3] 11.4 Justified grant applications 15.5 30.1 [3] 22.0 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations. 30.1 10.0 [3] 17.1 [

 Legitimately Skipped Question 11.7 3.0 [3] 4.2 [11b. Can you identify topics of NIOSH recommendations that 

you have used for training purposes? If so, MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 Traffic hazards 29.3 49.9 [3] 45.8 [

Personal protective equipment and clothing 41.6 59.8 [3] 51.0 

 SCBA 40.1 56.6 [3] 50.0  PASS systems 32.6 46.1 [3] 39.4 

Incident Command systems 32.1 46.1 [3] 50.0 [

 Radio communications 23.0 40.3 [3] 38.9 [

Physical fitness and cardiovascular disease (CVD) 8.5 28.8 [2,3] 16.3 [Building code compliance (e.g., warning against the use of 

wooden trusses) 

6.9 15.2 [3] 7.4 

 Other 2.3 6.5 2.2 [

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations for 

training purposes. 

1.9 2.4 [+] 6.2 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 41.9 13.1 [3] 21.6 [

B-235 
B-236 Exhibit B-6a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Fatality and FFFIPP Investiga

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

12. Does your department have a fitness training that 

involves physical exercise and/or other health promotion activities (for example a cardiovascular fitness program, physical training program, wellness program, or other 

fitness program)? 

No 

78.5 59.6 [3] 71.5 

Yes, it’s required 7.0 18.5 [3] 11.9 Yes, it’s optional 14.5 21.8 [3] 16.7 

13. How often do your firefighters receive screenings for 

cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors? 

One time, when they first join the department 14.5 13.8 15.6 

Less frequently than once a year 7.1 10.0 8.6 

One time a year 17.1 32.6 [3] 24.4 

More than one time a year 0.3 ** [3] ** [3] 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive CVD 

screenings 

60.9 43.6 [3] 51.4 

14. Do all drivers of vehicles responding to emergency calls 

receive driver training before being allowed to operate the vehicles? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 No 6.4 2.2 [3,+] 5.2 

Yes, they receive training required by the department 84.0 92.2 [3] 84.7 Yes, they receive training required by the state 25.7 28.3 20.5 

Yes, they receive optional training 13.8 8.0 [3] 15.0 

15. How often do drivers of your fire department vehicles 

receive refresher driver training to continue being allowed to drive the vehicles? Two or more times a year 14.2 14.3 13.1 

Once every year 40.3 43.8 36.5 

Less frequently than once a year 24.8 26.7 28.7 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive 

continuing driver training. 

20.7 15.2 21.7 
Exhibit B-6a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Fatality and FFFIPP Investiga

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

16. Does your fire department have a requirement regarding 

seat belt use in emergency vehicles? 

Yes 

84.2 92.1 [3] 88.0 

 No 15.8 7.9 [3] 12.0 17. To what extent do you agree or disagree that your 

firefighters are able to fit comfortably in their seatbelts while wearing turnout gear in your emergency vehicles? 

 Strongly disagree 6.9 9.1 4.1 [

 Disagree 18.0 20.5 13.7 

Neither agree nor disagree 30.8 21.7 [2,3] 34.9 [

 Agree 32.1 37.0 [2] 23.9 [

 Strongly agree 12.2 11.7 [2] 23.4 [

18. About how often do you think your firefighters use their 

seatbelts when riding in the emergency vehicles? 

Never 

5.4 3.8 1.1 [

Some of the time 22.7 18.9 [2] 31.9 [

About half the time 17.0 13.4 14.9 Most of the time 38.4 38.4 31.5 

Always 

16.5 25.6 [3] 20.5 

21. How often is Incident Command established when 

responding to structure fires? 

Never 

2.3 ** [3] 1.9 [

 Rarely 6.8 3.6 3.7 

About half the time 6.7 2.6 [3,+] 1.0 [

Most of the time 27.6 17.6 [3] 19.0 [

 Always 56.6 76.1 [3] 74.4 [

B-237 
B-238 Exhibit B-6a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Fatality and FFFIPP Investiga

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

22. What are the reasons why Incident Command is not 

always established by your fire department? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not usually big enough to require an Incident 

Commander 

22.5 8.0 [3] 10.4 [

Not enough firefighters available at the scene of the fire 21.2 10.8 [3] 13.8 [

 Other 6.2 6.2 5.5 

Does not apply. My department always assigns an Incident 

Commander for structure fires. 

3.6 2.9 1.2 [

 Legitimately Skipped Question 56.6 76.7 [3] 75.7 [23. When Incident Command is established for a structure 

fire, what are the Incident Commander’s responsibilities? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Conduct an initial assessment before the other firefighters begin 

entering the building 

91.0 91.0 91.9 

Develop and coordinate the fire attack strategy 93.1 95.5 92.6 

Develop and initiate a risk management plan 52.3 65.4 [3] 63.3 [

Document all assessments, plans and events related to the fire 38.8 47.1 40.2 

Ensure that at least four (4) firefighters are on the scene before 

entering the building 

68.6 74.2 67.0 

Establish a collapse zone around the building 49.1 55.9 53.7 Establish Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) or Rapid Intervention 

Crew (RIC) 

48.5 69.1 [3] 60.0 [

Identify and implement a communication strategy 64.7 65.2 64.9 

Monitor location of all firefighters at the scene 76.2 83.9 [3] 82.3 

 Other 9.1 9.9 11.4 
Exhibit B-6a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Fatality and FFFIPP Investiga

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

24. About how often does an Incident Commander assign an 

Incident Safety Officer when responding to structure fires?

 Never 13.3 5.0 [3] 8.4 

Some of the time 26.5 28.6 28.1 About half the time 8.1 11.9 7.0 

Most of the time 29.8 25.4 26.8 

Always 

22.3 29.1 29.7 

25. What are the reasons why an Incident Commander does 

not always assign an Incident Safety Officer? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not big enough to require an Incident Safety Officer 32.3 20.5 [3] 15.9 [

Not enough firefighters are available at the scene of the fire 51.7 43.0 51.6 

Other 

13.1 20.0 [3] 16.2 

Does not apply. Our Incident Commanders always assign an 

Incident Safety Officer for structure fires. 

2.1 2.9 0.8 [

 Legitimately Skipped Question 22.6 29.1 30.1 

26. How often are Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) or Rapid 

Intervention Crews (RICs) available at structure fires?

 Never 29.4 13.4 [3] 18.0 [

Some of the time 21.8 13.8 [3] 18.2 About half the time 6.5 8.4 4.7 Most of the time 22.5 27.5 19.5 

Always 

19.9 36.9 [3] 39.6 [

B-239 
B-240 Exhibit B-6a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Fatality and FFFIPP Investiga

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

27. In what situations are RITs/RICs established? MARK ALL 

THAT APPLY. 

When the building has more than one story/floor 9.3 7.6 5.9 

When there are enough firefighters on and at the scene of the 

fire 

32.3 28.7 28.2 

Whenever firefighters enter a burning building 26.4 28.2 19.5 

Other 

4.9 5.9 3.2 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 49.3 50.8 58.1 

28. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

use RITs/RICs in every structure fire? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

The structure fire may not be large enough to need an RIT/RIC 34.9 25.4 [3] 23.4 [

We don’t have enough equipment, SCBAs, or turnout gear to 

establish an RIT/RIC 

8.8 2.3 [3,+] 3.8 [

We don’t have enough firefighters available at the scene of the 

fire 

53.5 41.5 [3] 38.5 [

We don’t have enough training or trained personnel at the scene 

to establish an RIT/RIC 

20.7 10.8 [3] 15.3 

We have never established an RIT/RIC 17.7 7.0 [3] 11.5 

We use other fire departments in the area for RITs/RICs 29.2 21.8 19.3 [We use other safety practices and so we don’t need them 4.2 1.8 [+] 1.1 [

 Other 4.1 7.8 5.7  Legitimately Skipped Question 20.3 37.4 [3] 39.8 [29. Does your fire department have enough Personal Alert 

Safety System (PASS) devices for all firefighters for use when fighting structure fires? 

Yes 

78.8 93.4 [2,3] 81.3 [

 No 21.2 6.6 [2,3] 18.7 [
Exhibit B-6a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Fatality and FFFIPP Investiga

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

30. About how often do you think your firefighters wear their 

PASS devices when fighting structure fires? 

Never 

6.3 2.7 [2,3,+] 11.4 [

Some of the time 3.9 1.0 [3,+] ** [3] About half the time 1.8 0.7 [+] 1.6 [

Most of the time 12.8 4.6 [2,3] 12.6 [

 Always 75.2 91.0 [2,3] 74.4 [31. Why do you think your firefighters do not use their PASS 

devices more often? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. They don’t have a PASS device to use 13.1 3.4 [2,3] 16.1 [

Situation doesn’t require them 9.5 3.0 [3,+] 9.9 

Firefighters think the devices do not always work reliably 0.3 0.6 [+] 0.9 [

Firefighters don’t think they need them 4.6 0.8 [3,+] 2.6 [

Devices go off while firefighters are resting 3.7 1.9 [+] 2.6 [

 Legitimately Skipped Question 75.5 91.6 [2,3] 75.4 [

32. Does your department have Self Contained Breathing 

Apparatuses (SCBA) for your firefighters to use when combating structure fires? 

Yes 

99.2 98.6 97.3 

No 

0.8 1.4 [+] 2.7 [

33. Do your firefighters ever have to share facepieces for 

SCBAs? 

Yes 

49.7 34.5 [2,3] 52.8 [

 No 49.5 64.1 [2,3] 44.2 [ Legitimately Skipped Question 0.8 1.4 [+] 3.0 [

B-241 
B-242 Exhibit B-6a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Fatality and FFFIPP Investiga

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

33a. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

have personally-fitted SCBA facepieces for all of your firefighters? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Didn’t know it was recommended 4.8 1.4 [3,+] 2.1 [

Firefighters don’t like using the equipment 0.3   

Have never needed them (e.g., we don’t do interior attacks) 0.7 **  [3] 1.6 [They cost too much, there is not enough money in the budget 31.8 20.4 [3] 30.1 We don’t have enough equipment for all of our firefighters 24.6 19.4 25.8 

Shared systems work fine for our needs 23.4 14.5 [2,3] 27.1 [

 Other 5.0 4.7 9.0  Legitimately Skipped Question 50.3 67.5 [2,3] 47.3 [34. About how often do you think your firefighters use SCBAs 

while fighting structure fires?

 Never 1.1 ** [3] ** [3] 

Some of the time 4.7 3.0 [+] 5.2 [

About half the time 2.7 ** [3] ** [3] 

Most of the time 24.5 15.8 [3] 20.3 

 Always 66.1 79.8 [3] 71.6  Legitimately Skipped Question 0.8 1.5 [+] 2.9 [

35. Why do you think your firefighters do not use SCBAs more 

often when fighting structure fires? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Situation doesn’t require them 

Firefighters do not trust that the SCBAs will work reliably 

Firefighters don’t think they need them 

Firefighters don’t like sharing facepieces with others Firefighters are concerned that the SCBA may be or become 

contaminated 

Wearing SCBAs makes it more difficult to work 

Firefighters don’t have SCBAs to use 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 

25.9 

** 

10.3 

1.0 

** 

5.9 

3.9 

67.8 

18.1 [3]

** 

6.6 

** [3]

** 

4.6 

** [3]

80.6 [3]

 17.1 [

** 

11.4 

 1.0 [

** 

9.6 

**

 [3]

 74.5 

 
Exhibit B-6a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Fatality and FFFIPP Investiga

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

36. How often is routine maintenance performed on your 

SCBAs? After every time they are used 43.0 59.7 [3] 54.7 [

Once a month or more 19.0 16.0 14.8 Several times a year 15.0 8.1 [3] 9.8 Once a year 16.4 13.3 13.4 Less than once a year 4.3 ** [3] 2.8 [

Never. Maintenance has not been done on our SCBAs. 1.4 1.3 [+] 1.0 [

Does not apply. My department does not have SCBAs.   **  

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1.0 1.7 [+] 3.6 [37. How many Chemical/Biological/Radiological/Nuclear 

(CBRN) SCBAs are available (or on order) for use by firefighters within your department at this time?

 Greater than zero 17.5 35.9 [3] 24.4 

 Zero 82.5 64.1 [3] 75.6 37a. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

have CBRN SCBAs? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

CBRN SCBA devices are not needed in our department 20.9 8.9 [3] 17.6 

We didn’t know they were available 15.1 7.1 [3] 7.9 [

We don’t have adequate technical information to purchase them 19.7 11.3 [3] 12.6 [We don’t have adequate funding to purchase them 60.3 46.5 [3] 54.0 

 Other 4.9 8.9 12.3 [ Legitimately Skipped Question 18.3 37.0 [3] 26.7 38. Does your fire department have Automated External 

Defibrillators (AEDs)?

 Yes 77.4 88.8 [3] 85.9 [ No 22.6 11.2 [3] 14.1 [

B-243 
B-244 Exhibit B-6a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Fatality and FFFIPP Investiga

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

38a. At your fire department, where do you have AEDs? 

At the fire station(s) 2.8 1.3 [+] 5.2 

On the emergency vehicles (or apparatus) 62.0 74.7 [3] 68.6 

Both at the fire station(s) and on the vehicles (or apparatus) 10.4 11.2 9.2 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 24.9 12.8 [3] 17.1 

39. How often has routine maintenance, including 

replacement of battery packs, been performed on your AEDs? After every time they are used 13.9 23.9 [3] 17.5 

Once a month or more 25.4 22.5 19.6 Several times a year 20.6 20.5 17.4 

Once a year 22.3 24.5 36.0 [

Less frequently than once a year 7.4 3.2 [3,+] 3.8 

Never. Maintenance on our AEDs has not been done. 10.4 5.5 [3] 5.6 

40. About how often do your firefighters carry radios or other 

two-way communication devices while responding to structure fires? 

Never 

1.6 1.1 [+] ** [3] 

Some of the time 4.7 ** [2,3] 5.8 [About half the time 2.6 0.6 [3,+] ** [3] Most of the time 20.6 15.8 [2] 27.5 [

Always 

70.4 82.5 [2,3] 66.6 [
Exhibit B-6a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Fatality and FFFIPP Investiga

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

41. Some radios and other two-way communication devices 

can have problems under field conditions, such as bleedover, interference, or loss of communication. About how often do your communication devices have these or other problems? 

Never 

18.0 10.5 [3] 16.2 

Some of the time 64.5 75.0 [3] 68.7 About half the time 10.3 9.3 9.0 

Most of the time 5.4 5.2 5.7 

Always 

1.8 ** [3] 0.4 [

42. How would you rate your department’s budget in the 

following areas? 

42a. Equipment  Not adequate 48.6 52.0 49.5 

 Adequate 45.7 42.6 45.9 

More than adequate 

42b. Training 

5.7 5.5 4.6 

 Not adequate 39.1 40.1 41.4 

 Adequate 55.6 53.7 54.9 

More than adequate 

42c. Personnel 

5.2 6.2 3.6 

 Not adequate 51.5 56.7 55.9 

 Adequate 44.3 39.0 42.5 

More than adequate 4.2 4.3 1.6 [

B-245 
B-246 Exhibit B-6a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Fatality and FFFIPP Investiga

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

43. How often have you seen NIOSH reports that describe 

recent firefighter fatalities and make recommendations for avoiding similar incidents? Please refer to the insert sheet included with this survey for examples of NIOSH firefighter safety reports. 

Never 

26.8 8.2 [3] 11.1 [

One or two times per year 34.3 22.9 [2,3] 42.4 [Several times per year 33.2 52.0 [3] 40.5 Once a month or more 5.7 16.9 [2,3] 6.0 [

44. How does your department receive the NIOSH Fire Fighter 

Fatality Investigation reports? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 By mail 56.0 65.7 [3] 66.4 [

On the Internet 24.7 51.6 [2,3] 35.5 [From colleagues in other departments 10.0 15.5 11.6 

At conferences or other meetings 6.9 13.5 [3] 11.5 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 26.8 8.2 [3] 11.0 [45. Have you read part or all of a NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation report in the last 12 months?

 Yes 53.3 83.1 [2,3] 68.6 [ No 20.0 8.6 [2,3] 20.5 [ Legitimately Skipped Question 26.6 8.3 [3] 10.9 [50. Does the fire department disseminate the information it 

receives from NIOSH to the firefighters? 

Yes 

60.7 82.4 [3] 79.8 [

 No 12.1 9.3 8.9 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 27.3 8.3 [3] 11.3 [
Exhibit B-6a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Fatality and FFFIPP Investiga

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

50a. How is this information disseminated to firefighters? 

MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Regular staff meetings 23.5 26.6 23.4 

 Training sessions 44.2 56.1 [3] 58.4 [

Provide copies of NIOSH reports to firefighters 16.2 33.8 [2,3] 21.0 [Provide copies of NIOSH report summaries to firefighters 6.2 12.9 [3] 12.1 Provide summaries prepared by department to firefighters 1.8 5.6 [3] 3.1 [

Postings on bulletin boards 38.5 51.2 [3] 47.6 Post report on the department website 1.1 4.4 [3] 1.2 [Send message to firefighters by email 5.3 14.6 [3] 11.9 [

 Other 1.3 3.2 3.4 [

 Legitimately Skipped Question 39.1 17.7 [3] 20.0 [

51. The NIOSH reports sometimes reference other documents, 

such as guidelines or more detailed technical reports. Does your fire department usually have access to documents that are referenced in NIOSH reports? 

Yes 

34.2 54.3 [3] 49.8 [

 No 38.4 37.2 38.9 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 27.4 8.5 [3] 11.3 [

B-247 
B-248 Exhibit B-6a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Fatality and FFFIPP Investiga

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

52. NIOSH reports always include recommendations that are 

designed to help improve the health and safety of firefighters. How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about the NIOSH recommendations: 

52a. Recommendations are practical  Strongly Disagree 0.5 3.4 [2] ** [1,3] 

 Disagree 3.6 5.2 4.0 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 18.7 17.1 25.2 

 Agree 45.6 61.3 [3] 55.1 

 Strongly Agree 3.7 4.6 4.1  Legitimately Skipped Question 52b. Recommendations are easy to understand 

28.0 8.4 [3] 11.5 [

 Strongly Disagree 0.4 1.9 [+] ** [3]  Disagree 1.7 1.4 [+] 3.0 [

Neither Agree nor Disagree 19.8 16.9 18.7 

 Agree 45.4 63.4 [3] 63.1 [

 Strongly Agree 4.6 7.6 3.6  Legitimately Skipped Question 52c. Recommendations are specific and concrete 

28.1 8.7 [3] 11.5 [

 Strongly Disagree 0.4 1.9 [+] ** [3]  Disagree 3.2 8.8 [2,3] 2.0 [

Neither Agree nor Disagree 26.6 20.3 31.1 

 Agree 37.9 53.2 [3] 49.9 [

 Strongly Agree 3.8 7.1 5.5 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 28.0 8.6 [3] 11.5 [
Exhibit B-6a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Fatality and FFFIPP Investiga

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

53. What other NIOSH materials have you seen? MARK ALL 

THAT APPLY. Pocket guide to chemical hazards 57.4 68.3 [3] 67.4 [

Respirator maintenance program guide 13.8 21.1 [3] 19.1 CDs of firefighter program materials 28.0 47.9 [2,3] 32.8 [

 Alerts 31.7 48.4 [3] 41.7 [ Hazard IDs 16.6 22.9 19.6  Workplace Solutions 12.5 17.1 17.0 Other 

0.8 ** [3] 0.8 [

None. I have not seen any NIOSH materials. 25.2 10.2 [3] 14.0 [

53a. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with these NIOSH 

materials? 

 Very dissatisfied 1.3 0.7 [+] 2.0 [

 Dissatisfied 0.2 0.7 [+] ** 

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied 21.2 7.9 [2,3] 22.5 [

 Satisfied 47.1 70.0 [2,3] 54.6 [ Very satisfied 5.2 10.4 7.5 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 24.9 10.4 [3] 13.3 [

54. Have you ever visited the NIOSH website at 

www.cdc.gov/niosh/firehome.html? 

No 

59.4 24.2 [2,3] 44.7 [

Yes, in the last year 34.5 66.6 [2,3] 46.1 [Yes, longer than one year ago 6.1 9.2 9.2 

Note: Estimates are generated from the 2006 Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation, Fire DepEstimates within each column from the “Mark all that Apply” questions will not sum to 100. Estimates within each column from the oth

sum to 100 due to rounding. 

The digits in square brackets beside an estimate [#] indicate the estimate is significantly different at the 95% confidence level from th

in column #. A plus sign within the square brackets [+] indicates the estimate has low precision. 

** Estimate is less than 0.1 and therefore rounds to zero. 

B-249 
B-250 Exhibit B-6b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Fatality and FFFI

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investig

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

1. Does your department have a Safety Officer? 

Yes No 

(67.5, 72.9) 

(27.1, 32.5) 

(70.9, 84.7) 

(15.3, 29.1) 

(63.2, 8

(18.6, 3

2. Does your department have a Training Officer? 

Yes 

No 

(86.4, 90.3) 

(9.7, 13.6) 

(88.4, 96.8) 

(3.2, 11.6) 

(81.8, 9

(4.8, 18

3. Some fire departments use Standard Operating 

Procedures (SOPs) or Standard Operating Guidelines (SOGs) to describe how certain situations should be approached. For which of the following does your department have SOPs/SOGs in place? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Incident Command Systems (81.3, 85.8) (85.8, 95.6) (86.5, 9

Maintenance of SCBAs (66.9, 72.3) (73.0, 86.8) (58.4, 7Motor vehicle safety (76.3, 81.2) (84.1, 94.2) (73.8, 8

Participation in a personal physical fitness program (9.6, 12.7) (18.0, 32.1) (11.8, 2

Participation in regular health screenings for cardiovascular 

disease (CVD) 

(14.9, 18.9) (24.7, 40.3) (17.0, 3

Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs), also known as Rapid 

Intervention Crews (RICs) or Firefighter Assistance and 

Search Teams (FAST) 

(37.7, 43.2) (55.3, 71.8) (45.3, 6

Use of Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) devices (72.7, 77.9) (75.7, 88.7) (61.9, 7

Use of personal protective equipment and protective clothing (87.1, 90.9) (91.2, 98.5) (82.4, 9

Use of radio communications (82.5, 86.8) (84.9, 95.1) (82.2, 9

Other (7.2, 10.5) (5.6, 15.7) (5.1, 16

Does not apply. Our fire department does not use SOPs/SOGs. (3.8, 6.5) (**, **) (0.3, 4
Exhibit B-6b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Fatality and FFFI

(continued) 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investig

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

4. Do your firefighters receive training on any of the topics 

listed below? If so, is training optional or required? 

4a. Fighting structure fires 

No Training (0.6, 2.0) (0.5, 7.4) (1.1, 10

Optional Training (14.6, 19.1) (4.1, 13.8) (12.9, 3

Required Training 

4b. Driving safety 

(80.4, 85.0) (83.8, 94.6) (66.1, 8

No Training (2.9, 5.3) (0.7, 6.8) (1.3, 10

Optional Training (16.3, 21.1) (2.9, 11.3) (9.8, 25Required Training 

4c. Incident Command systems 

(75.1, 80.1) (86.0, 95.5) (70.9, 8

No Training (2.0, 4.1) (0.4, 5.7) (1.1, 9

Optional Training (24.8, 30.2) (7.5, 19.5) (15.5, 3

Required Training 

4d. Maintenance of Self-Contained Breathing Apparatuses 

(SCBAs) 

(67.1, 72.6) (78.9, 91.4) (63.7, 8

No Training (5.2, 8.3) (2.2, 12.1) (2.7, 12

Optional Training (30.8, 36.5) (15.0, 29.4) (24.3, 4

Required Training 

4e. Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) 

(57.3, 63.1) (64.8, 80.5) (51.0, 7

No Training (25.8, 31.3) (5.6, 16.8) (11.0, 2

Optional Training (33.3, 39.2) (22.1, 38.4) (36.3, 5

Required Training (32.8, 38.3) (51.6, 68.8) (27.3, 4

B-251 
B-252 Exhibit B-6b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Fatality and FFFI

(continued) 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investig

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

4f. Use of personal protective equipment and/or protective 

clothing No Training (0.9, 2.4) (0.1, 5.3) (**, *Optional Training (8.2, 11.8) (3.3, 12.2) (6.7, 20

Required Training 

4g. Use of radio communication devices 

(86.9, 90.7) (86.8, 96.1) (80.6, 9

No Training (1.9, 3.8) (0.6, 5.9) (0.1, 2

Optional Training (19.0, 23.9) (8.5, 20.4) (14.1, 3

Required Training (73.6, 78.6) (77.4, 89.9) (69.2, 8

5. Who provides training to your firefighters? MARK ALL 

THAT APPLY. Our department’s Training Officer (82.6, 86.9) (85.4, 94.9) (79.4, 9

Other officers within our department (80.4, 85.0) (85.6, 95.5) (81.6, 9

State fire training agency (74.8, 79.8) (74.8, 87.8) (76.7, 9

United States Fire Administration’s (USFA) National Fire 

Academy in Emmitsburg, MD 

(18.9, 23.1) (34.9, 51.4) (24.0, 4

Conferences or regional meetings (48.8, 54.6) (58.0, 74.1) (53.5, 7

Other (22.7, 27.8) (18.0, 33.1) (19.1, 3

6. What other trainings have your firefighters attended in 

the last 12 months? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Roadside incidents/Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVA) (52.4, 58.2) (51.6, 67.8) (42.9, 6

Scuba diving (6.2, 9.1) (9.5, 21.4) (3.2, 13Swift water rescue (9.6, 13.0) (22.7, 38.0) (5.6, 16

Wildland fire fighting (44.1, 49.9) (32.4, 48.7) (32.0, 5

HAZMAT (63.8, 69.4) (75.0, 88.3) (69.4, 8

Other (28.5, 33.9) (28.8, 45.0) (20.6, 3
Exhibit B-6b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Fatality and FFFI

(continued) 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investig

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

8. How familiar are you with the National Institute for 

Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)? Not at all familiar (6.8, 10.2) (0.8, 7.8) (0.8, 7

Not very familiar (21.8, 27.0) (3.7, 12.1) (11.6, 2

Somewhat familiar (55.2, 61.0) (40.0, 57.1) (50.7, 6Very familiar (7.8, 10.9) (34.0, 50.7) (12.3, 2

9. How familiar are you with NIOSH’s Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP)? Not at all familiar (18.4, 23.3) (3.5, 12.6) (4.9, 17

Not very familiar (30.8, 36.4) (7.1, 18.7) (16.0, 3Somewhat familiar (35.1, 40.7) (30.8, 47.3) (41.2, 6Very familiar (6.5, 9.4) (34.8, 51.4) (10.4, 2

10. How does your department receive information about 

NIOSH’s firefighter safety and health recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. NIOSH mailings (64.9, 70.5) (77.8, 89.8) (64.0, 8

National conference presentations (2.8, 4.7) (5.4, 14.9) (3.3, 12

State-level conference presentations (9.7, 13.5) (10.1, 21.9) (5.1, 15

Other firefighters or departments (20.5, 25.5) (18.0, 32.5) (18.4, 3

At seminars or other training opportunities (not conferences) (14.3, 18.6) (16.7, 30.8) (18.3, 3

Trade publications (such as Firehouse and Fire Engineering) (44.3, 50.1) (52.1, 68.7) (48.0, 6

NIOSH website (22.0, 26.7) (48.0, 65.0) (25.1, 4

Links from other websites (such as NFPA and Firehouse) (25.7, 30.9) (39.2, 56.0) (26.4, 4

Media reports—newspaper, television, radio (12.9, 17.1) (13.3, 26.8) (11.0, 2

Other (0.7, 1.9) (0.6, 5.9) (2.1, 12

Does not apply. We have not received information about 

NIOSH recommendations. 

(9.3, 13.2) (1.1, 7.5) (1.2, 12

B-253 
B-254 Exhibit B-6b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Fatality and FFFI

(continued) 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investig

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

11. In what ways has your department used NIOSH 

recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Made changes to training program (37.3, 43.1) (59.4, 75.5) (46.2, 6Developed new SOPs/SOGs (23.8, 29.0) (41.5, 58.8) (28.3, 4Made changes to SOPs/SOGs (32.2, 37.7) (57.5, 74.0) (41.2, 6Justified current budget/staffing (4.0, 6.3) (10.1, 22.5) (4.8, 16Made new budget/staffing requests (4.4, 6.8) (14.3, 27.7) (6.4, 19Justified grant applications (13.5, 17.8) (22.7, 38.7) (14.6, 3

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations. (27.3, 32.9) (5.8, 16.6) (11.1, 2

 Legitimately Skipped Question (9.8, 13.9) (1.1, 7.8) (1.3, 1211b. Can you identify topics of NIOSH recommendations that 

you have used for training purposes? If so, MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Traffic hazards (26.7, 32.1) (41.3, 58.5) (36.0, 5

Personal protective equipment and clothing (38.7, 44.5) (51.0, 68.0) (41.0, 6

SCBA (37.2, 43.0) (47.8, 65.1) (40.2, 5

PASS systems (29.9, 35.5) (37.6, 54.8) (30.1, 4

Incident Command systems (29.4, 34.9) (37.7, 54.8) (39.9, 6

Radio communications (20.7, 25.6) (32.2, 49.1) (29.6, 4

Physical fitness and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (7.1, 10.2) (21.9, 36.9) (10.0, 2

Building code compliance (e.g., warning against the use of 

wooden trusses) 

(5.6, 8.5) (10.1, 22.3) (3.4, 15

Other (1.6, 3.4) (3.4, 12.2) (0.6, 7

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations 

for training purposes. 

(1.3, 2.9) (0.7, 7.7) (2.9, 12

 Legitimately Skipped Question (38.9, 44.8) (8.2, 20.2) (14.4, 3
Exhibit B-6b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Fatality and FFFI

(continued) 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investig

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

12. Does your department have a fitness training that 

involves physical exercise and/or other health promotion activities (for example a cardiovascular fitness program, physical training program, wellness program, or other fitness program)? No (76.4, 80.4) (51.2, 67.5) (62.2, 7

Yes, it’s required (5.9, 8.3) (12.9, 25.8) (6.9, 19

Yes, it’s optional (12.8, 16.4) (15.8, 29.4) (10.9, 2

13. How often do your firefighters receive screenings for 

cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors? 

One time, when they first join the department (12.7, 16.6) (9.0, 20.6) (9.9, 23

Less frequently than once a year (5.8, 8.6) (6.0, 16.2) (4.7, 15

One time a year (15.2, 19.3) (25.2, 41.0) (16.7, 3

More than one time a year (0.1, 0.7) (**, **) (**, *

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive CVD 

screenings 

(58.3, 63.5) (35.3, 52.3) (41.5, 6

14. Do all drivers of vehicles responding to emergency calls 

receive driver training before being allowed to operate the vehicles? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

No 

(5.1, 8.0) (0.7, 6.7) (2.3, 11

Yes, they receive training required by the department (81.7, 86.0) (86.3, 95.6) (76.5, 9Yes, they receive training required by the state (23.3, 28.3) (21.3, 36.5) (13.6, 2

Yes, they receive optional training (11.8, 15.9) (4.6, 13.8) (9.2, 23

15. How often do drivers of your fire department vehicles 

receive refresher driver training to continue being allowed to drive the vehicles? Two or more times a year (12.2, 16.4) (9.1, 21.7) (7.8, 21

Once every year (37.5, 43.2) (35.5, 52.5) (27.6, 4

Less frequently than once a year (22.3, 27.3) (19.9, 34.8) (20.6, 3

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive 

continuing driver training. 

(18.4, 23.2) (9.9, 22.6) (14.5, 3

B-255 
B-256 Exhibit B-6b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Fatality and FFFI

(continued) 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investig

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

16. Does your fire department have a requirement regarding 

seat belt use in emergency vehicles? Yes (81.9, 86.3) (86.2, 95.7) (79.6, 9

No (13.7, 18.1) (4.3, 13.8) (6.7, 20

17. To what extent do you agree or disagree that your 

firefighters are able to fit comfortably in their seatbelts while wearing turnout gear in your emergency vehicles? 

Strongly disagree (5.5, 8.5) (5.3, 15.1) (1.4, 11

Disagree (15.8, 20.4) (14.5, 28.2) (8.5, 21

Neither agree nor disagree (28.2, 33.7) (15.3, 29.7) (25.9, 4

Agree (29.5, 34.9) (29.2, 45.5) (16.5, 3

Strongly agree (10.4, 14.2) (7.4, 18.0) (15.9, 3

18. About how often do you think your firefighters use their 

seatbelts when riding in the emergency vehicles? Never (4.2, 6.9) (1.5, 9.0) (0.2, 7

Some of the time (20.3, 25.3) (13.1, 26.4) (23.4, 4About half the time (14.8, 19.4) (8.5, 20.4) (9.1, 23Most of the time (35.6, 41.3) (30.5, 46.9) (23.0, 4

Always (14.6, 18.7) (18.9, 33.7) (13.9, 2

21. How often is Incident Command established when 

responding to structure fires? Never (1.5, 3.5) (**, **) (0.4, 7Rarely (5.4, 8.5) (1.5, 8.5) (1.5, 9About half the time (5.3, 8.4) (0.8, 8.1) (0.3, 4

Most of the time (25.0, 30.4) (12.0, 25.1) (12.2, 2

Always (53.7, 59.4) (68.0, 82.7) (64.7, 8
Exhibit B-6b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Fatality and FFFI

(continued) 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investig

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

22. What are the reasons why Incident Command is not 

always established by your fire department? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not usually big enough to require an Incident 

Commander 

(20.1, 25.1) (4.4, 14.1) (5.7, 18

Not enough firefighters available at the scene of the fire (18.8, 23.7) (6.4, 17.6) (8.2, 22

Other (5.0, 7.8) (3.1, 12.1) (2.1, 13

Does not apply. My department always assigns an Incident 

Commander for structure fires. 

(2.7, 4.9) (1.1, 7.5) (0.3, 5

 Legitimately Skipped Question (53.7, 59.5) (68.6, 83.2) (66.1, 8

23. When Incident Command is established for a structure 

fire, what are the Incident Commander’s responsibilities? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Conduct an initial assessment before the other firefighters 

begin entering the building 

(89.1, 92.6) (85.0, 94.8) (84.5, 9

Develop and coordinate the fire attack strategy (91.4, 94.5) (90.2, 98.0) (85.3, 9

Develop and initiate a risk management plan (49.4, 55.3) (56.8, 73.1) (53.2, 7

Document all assessments, plans and events related to the fire (36.0, 41.7) (38.7, 55.7) (30.9, 5Ensure that at least four (4) firefighters are on the scene 

before entering the building 

(65.7, 71.3) (65.9, 81.1) (57.0, 7

Establish a collapse zone around the building (46.1, 52.0) (47.2, 64.2) (43.7, 6

Establish Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) or Rapid Intervention 

Crew (RIC) 

(45.7, 51.3) (60.5, 76.5) (49.8, 6

Identify and implement a communication strategy (61.9, 67.5) (56.7, 72.9) (54.9, 7

Monitor location of all firefighters at the scene (73.6, 78.7) (76.5, 89.3) (73.7, 8

Other (7.6, 10.9) (5.7, 16.9) (6.5, 19

B-257 
B-258 Exhibit B-6b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Fatality and FFFI

(continued) 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investig

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

24. About how often does an Incident Commander assign an 

Incident Safety Officer when responding to structure fires? Never (11.4, 15.5) (2.4, 10.2) (3.9, 17

Some of the time (24.0, 29.2) (21.8, 36.6) (20.2, 3

About half the time (6.6, 9.9) (7.1, 19.2) (3.3, 14

Most of the time (27.2, 32.5) (18.8, 33.5) (18.7, 3Always (19.9, 24.9) (22.0, 37.3) (21.6, 3

25. What are the reasons why an Incident Commander does 

not always assign an Incident Safety Officer? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not big enough to require an Incident Safety Officer (29.5, 35.1) (14.5, 28.0) (10.1, 2

Not enough firefighters are available at the scene of the fire (48.7, 54.6) (34.8, 51.6) (41.7, 6

Other (11.3, 15.1) (14.1, 27.6) (10.3, 2

Does not apply. Our Incident Commanders always assign an 

Incident Safety Officer for structure fires. 

(1.4, 3.0) (1.1, 7.6) (0.1, 5

 Legitimately Skipped Question (20.3, 25.2) (22.0, 37.3) (21.9, 3

26. How often are Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) or Rapid 

Intervention Crews (RICs) available at structure fires? Never (26.7, 32.1) (8.4, 20.7) (11.3, 2

Some of the time (19.5, 24.3) (8.9, 20.8) (11.7, 2

About half the time (5.2, 8.0) (4.8, 14.5) (1.8, 12

Most of the time (20.2, 25.0) (20.4, 36.0) (13.0, 2

Always (17.8, 22.1) (29.2, 45.4) (30.3, 4
Exhibit B-6b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Fatality and FFFI

(continued) 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investig

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

27. In what situations are RITs/RICs established? MARK 

ALL THAT APPLY. 

When the building has more than one story/floor (7.8, 11.2) (4.1, 13.8) (2.8, 11

When there are enough firefighters on and at the scene of the 

fire 

(29.6, 35.1) (21.6, 37.1) (20.2, 3

Whenever firefighters enter a burning building (23.9, 29.1) (21.0, 36.7) (12.8, 2

Other (3.8, 6.3) (3.0, 11.4) (1.2, 8

 Legitimately Skipped Question (46.4, 52.2) (42.2, 59.3) (48.0, 6

28. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

use RITs/RICs in every structure fire? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

The structure fire may not be large enough to need an RIT/RIC (32.1, 37.8) (18.6, 33.6) (16.0, 3

We don’t have enough equipment, SCBAs, or turnout gear to 

establish an RIT/RIC 

(7.2, 10.8) (0.7, 6.8) (1.4, 9

We don’t have enough firefighters available at the scene of the 

fire 

(50.6, 56.5) (33.3, 50.3) (29.4, 4

We don’t have enough training or trained personnel at the 

scene to establish an RIT/RIC 

(18.3, 23.2) (6.4, 17.7) (9.0, 24

We have never established an RIT/RIC (15.5, 20.1) (3.6, 13.1) (6.2, 20

We use other fire departments in the area for RITs/RICs (26.6, 32.0) (15.4, 29.8) (12.7, 2

We use other safety practices and so we don’t need them (3.1, 5.7) (0.6, 5.6) (0.2, 7

Other (3.1, 5.4) (4.2, 14.2) (2.5, 12

 Legitimately Skipped Question (18.1, 22.6) (29.6, 46.0) (30.5, 4

29. Does your fire department have enough Personal Alert 

Safety System (PASS) devices for all firefighters for use when fighting structure fires? Yes (76.2, 81.1) (87.3, 96.7) (71.3, 8

No (18.9, 23.8) (3.3, 12.7) (11.6, 2

B-259 
B-260 Exhibit B-6b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Fatality and FFFI

(continued) 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investig

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

30. About how often do you think your firefighters wear 

their PASS devices when fighting structure fires? Never (4.9, 8.0) (0.9, 8.1) (5.8, 20

Some of the time (2.9, 5.3) (0.1, 6.7) (**, *

About half the time (1.2, 2.8) (0.1, 4.8) (0.4, 6

Most of the time (10.9, 15.0) (2.2, 9.5) (7.1, 21

Always (72.5, 77.6) (84.7, 94.9) (64.0, 8

31. Why do you think your firefighters do not use their PASS 

devices more often? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. They don’t have a PASS device to use (11.2, 15.4) (1.3, 8.8) (9.4, 26

Situation doesn’t require them (7.9, 11.4) (1.1, 7.9) (5.1, 18

Firefighters think the devices do not always work reliably (0.1, 1.0) (0.1, 4.4) (0.1, 6

Firefighters don’t think they need them (3.5, 5.9) (0.1, 5.4) (0.6, 11

Devices go off while firefighters are resting (2.7, 4.9) (0.6, 5.7) (0.6, 11

 Legitimately Skipped Question (72.9, 78.0) (85.3, 95.3) (65.0, 8

32. Does your department have Self Contained Breathing 

Apparatuses (SCBA) for your firefighters to use when combating structure fires? Yes (98.4, 99.6) (94.5, 99.7) (90.1, 9

No 

(0.4, 1.6) (0.3, 5.5) (0.7, 9

33. Do your firefighters ever have to share facepieces for 

SCBAs? Yes (46.7, 52.7) (26.8, 43.1) (42.3, 6

No (46.5, 52.5) (55.5, 71.8) (34.1, 5

 Legitimately Skipped Question (0.4, 1.6) (0.4, 5.7) (0.8, 11
Exhibit B-6b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Fatality and FFFI

(continued) 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investig

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

33a. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

have personally-fitted SCBA facepieces for all of your firefighters? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Didn’t know it was recommended (3.5, 6.3) (0.4, 5.6) (0.5, 8

Firefighters don’t like using the equipment (0.1, 0.9) (**, **) (**, *

Have never needed them (e.g., we don’t do interior attacks) (0.3, 1.5) (**, **) (0.2, 10They cost too much, there is not enough money in the budget (29.0, 34.7) (14.2, 28.3) (21.5, 4

We don’t have enough equipment for all of our firefighters (22.0, 27.3) (13.2, 27.6) (17.6, 3

Shared systems work fine for our needs (20.9, 26.2) (9.3, 21.7) (18.5, 3

Other (3.8, 6.5) (2.2, 9.6) (4.8, 16

 Legitimately Skipped Question (47.4, 53.3) (58.9, 75.1) (37.0, 5

34. About how often do you think your firefighters use 

SCBAs while fighting structure fires? Never (0.6, 2.2) (**, **) (**, *Some of the time (3.6, 6.2) (0.9, 8.9) (1.8, 14About half the time (1.8, 3.9) (**, **) (**, *

Most of the time (22.0, 27.2) (10.5, 23.1) (13.4, 2Always (63.3, 68.9) (71.9, 85.9) (61.3, 8

 Legitimately Skipped Question (0.4, 1.6) (0.4, 5.7) (0.7, 10

B-261 
B-262 Exhibit B-6b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Fatality and FFFI

(continued) 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investig

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

35. Why do you think your firefighters do not use SCBAs 

more often when fighting structure fires? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Situation doesn’t require them 

Firefighters do not trust that the SCBAs will work reliably 

Firefighters don’t think they need them 

Firefighters don’t like sharing facepieces with others Firefighters are concerned that the SCBA may be or become 

contaminated 

Wearing SCBAs makes it more difficult to work 

Firefighters don’t have SCBAs to use 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 

(23.3, 28.6) 

(**, **) 

(8.6, 12.3) 

(0.5, 1.8) 

(**, **) 

(4.6, 7.5) 

(2.8, 5.4) 

(64.9, 70.5) 

(12.3, 25.8) 

(**, **) 

(3.4, 12.3) 

(**, **) 

(**, **) 

(2.0, 10.1) 

(**, **) 

(72.8, 86.6) 

(10.7, 2

(**, *

(6.4, 19

(0.1, 6

(**, *

(4.9, 17

(**, *

(64.4, 8

36. How often is routine maintenance performed on your 

SCBAs? After every time they are used Once a month or more Several times a year Once a year Less than once a year 

Never. Maintenance has not been done on our SCBAs. Does not apply. My department does not have SCBAs. 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 

(39.7, 46.3) 

(16.5, 21.7) 

(12.8, 17.5) 

(14.1, 19.1) 

(3.1, 5.9) 

(0.8, 2.5) 

(**, **) 

(0.5, 2.0) 

(50.3, 68.4) 

(10.1, 24.3) 

(4.5, 14.1) (8.1, 20.9) 

(**, **) 

(0.2, 8.7) 

(**, **) 

(0.4, 6.5) 

(43.2, 6

(8.6, 24

(4.8, 19

(7.3, 23

(0.8, 9

(0.1, 6

(**, *

(0.9, 13

37. How many Chemical/Biological/Radiological/Nuclear 

(CBRN) SCBAs are available (or on order) for use by firefighters within your department at this time? Greater than zero (15.5, 19.8) (28.1, 44.5) (17.0, 3

Zero (80.2, 84.5) (55.5, 71.9) (66.3, 8
Exhibit B-6b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Fatality and FFFI

(continued) 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investig

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

37a. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

have CBRN SCBAs? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

CBRN SCBA devices are not needed in our department (18.5, 23.6) (4.9, 15.5) (10.6, 2

We didn’t know they were available (12.9, 17.5) (3.5, 13.7) (3.9, 15

We don’t have adequate technical information to purchase 

them 

(17.3, 22.3) (6.6, 18.8) (7.3, 20

We don’t have adequate funding to purchase them (57.2, 63.2) (37.8, 55.4) (43.4, 6

Other (3.7, 6.4) (5.1, 15.3) (6.9, 21

 Legitimately Skipped Question (16.2, 20.6) (29.0, 45.8) (18.6, 3

38. Does your fire department have Automated External 

Defibrillators (AEDs)? Yes (74.8, 79.9) (81.7, 93.3) (77.0, 9

No (20.1, 25.2) (6.7, 18.3) (8.3, 23

38a. At your fire department, where do you have AEDs? 

At the fire station(s) (1.9, 4.1) (0.2, 8.5) (1.9, 13

On the emergency vehicles (or apparatus) (58.9, 64.9) (65.8, 81.9) (57.7, 7

Both at the fire station(s) and on the vehicles (or apparatus) (8.7, 12.3) (6.8, 18.0) (4.9, 16

 Legitimately Skipped Question (22.2, 27.7) (7.7, 20.7) (10.1, 2

39. How often has routine maintenance, including 

replacement of battery packs, been performed on your AEDs? After every time they are used (11.7, 16.4) (16.9, 32.7) (10.6, 2

Once a month or more (22.6, 28.5) (15.5, 31.4) (12.7, 2

Several times a year (18.0, 23.4) (13.8, 29.2) (10.6, 2

Once a year (19.6, 25.3) (17.1, 33.8) (26.2, 4

Less frequently than once a year (5.8, 9.5) (1.2, 8.3) (1.5, 9

Never. Maintenance on our AEDs has not been done. (8.4, 12.8) (2.5, 11.7) (2.2, 13

B-263 
B-264 Exhibit B-6b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Fatality and FFFI

(continued) 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investig

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

40. About how often do your firefighters carry radios or 

other two-way communication devices while responding to structure fires? Never (1.0, 2.6) (0.2, 7.4) (**, *

Some of the time (3.6, 6.1) (**, **) (2.6, 12

About half the time (1.8, 3.8) (0.1, 4.4) (**, *Most of the time (18.3, 23.1) (10.3, 23.4) (19.4, 3

Always (67.7, 73.0) (74.6, 88.3) (56.5, 7

41. Some radios and other two-way communication devices 

can have problems under field conditions, such as bleedover, interference, or loss of communication. About how often do your communication devices have these or other problems? Never (15.9, 20.4) (6.5, 16.7) (10.1, 2

Some of the time (61.6, 67.3) (67.0, 81.6) (58.8, 7

About half the time (8.6, 12.2) (5.5, 15.2) (4.5, 17

Most of the time (4.2, 6.9) (2.3, 11.3) (2.7, 11Always (1.1, 2.9) (**, **) (0.1, 2

42. How would you rate your department’s budget in the 

following areas? 

42a. Equipment 

Not adequate (45.7, 51.6) (43.5, 60.4) (39.8, 5Adequate (42.8, 48.6) (34.4, 51.1) (36.5, 5

More than adequate 

42b. Training 

(4.5, 7.2) (2.7, 10.8) (1.8, 11

Not adequate (36.3, 42.0) (32.1, 48.7) (32.1, 5

Adequate (52.7, 58.6) (45.2, 62.0) (45.1, 6

More than adequate (4.0, 6.8) (3.2, 11.8) (1.6, 7
Exhibit B-6b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Fatality and FFFI

(continued) 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investig

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

42c. Personnel 

Not adequate (48.5, 54.5) (48.0, 64.9) (45.9, 6Adequate (41.3, 47.3) (31.0, 47.7) (33.0, 5

More than adequate (3.1, 5.7) (1.9, 9.6) (0.5, 5

43. How often have you seen NIOSH reports that describe 

recent firefighter fatalities and make recommendations for avoiding similar incidents? Please refer to the insert sheet included with this survey for examples of NIOSH firefighter safety reports. Never (24.2, 29.5) (4.6, 14.4) (6.4, 18

One or two times per year (31.6, 37.2) (16.7, 30.5) (33.0, 5

Several times per year (30.5, 35.9) (43.6, 60.3) (31.1, 5

Once a month or more (4.5, 7.2) (11.6, 24.0) (2.7, 13

44. How does your department receive the NIOSH Fire 

Fighter Fatality Investigation reports? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. By mail (53.1, 58.9) (57.3, 73.2) (56.6, 7

On the Internet (22.4, 27.1) (43.1, 60.0) (26.6, 4

From colleagues in other departments (8.3, 11.8) (10.3, 22.6) (6.5, 20

At conferences or other meetings (5.7, 8.5) (8.7, 20.2) (6.6, 19

 Legitimately Skipped Question (24.2, 29.5) (4.6, 14.4) (6.4, 18

45. Have you read part or all of a NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation report in the last 12 months? Yes (50.4, 56.2) (75.4, 88.8) (59.0, 7

No (17.8, 22.5) (4.6, 15.4) (13.7, 2

 Legitimately Skipped Question (24.1, 29.4) (4.6, 14.5) (6.3, 18

B-265 
B-266 Exhibit B-6b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Fatality and FFFI

(continued) 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investig

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

50. Does the fire department disseminate the information it 

receives from NIOSH to the firefighters? Yes (57.7, 63.5) (74.9, 88.1) (71.0, 8

No (10.2, 14.1) (5.4, 15.5) (4.7, 16

 Legitimately Skipped Question (24.7, 30.0) (4.6, 14.5) (6.5, 18

50a. How is this information disseminated to firefighters? 

MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Regular staff meetings (21.1, 26.1) (19.7, 34.9) (15.9, 3Training sessions (41.3, 47.2) (47.5, 64.3) (48.4, 6

Provide copies of NIOSH reports to firefighters (14.2, 18.3) (26.2, 42.3) (14.1, 3

Provide copies of NIOSH report summaries to firefighters (5.0, 7.7) (8.1, 20.1) (6.9, 20

Provide summaries prepared by department to firefighters (1.2, 2.7) (2.8, 10.9) (0.8, 10

Postings on bulletin boards (35.6, 41.3) (42.7, 59.7) (37.8, 5Post report on the department website (0.7, 1.8) (2.1, 9.1) (0.2, 8

Send message to firefighters by email (4.3, 6.5) (9.7, 21.4) (6.8, 20

Other (0.8, 2.0) (1.3, 7.6) (1.2, 9

 Legitimately Skipped Question (36.2, 42.0) (12.0, 25.2) (13.4, 2

51. The NIOSH reports sometimes reference other 

documents, such as guidelines or more detailed technical reports. Does your fire department usually 

have access to documents that are referenced in NIOSH reports? Yes (31.6, 36.9) (45.6, 62.8) (39.9, 5

No (35.5, 41.3) (29.1, 46.0) (29.6, 4

 Legitimately Skipped Question (24.8, 30.2) (4.7, 14.9) (6.5, 18
Exhibit B-6b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Fatality and FFFI

(continued) 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investig

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

52. NIOSH reports always include recommendations that 

are designed to help improve the health and safety of firefighters. How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about the NIOSH recommendations: 

52a. Recommendations are practical 

Strongly Disagree (0.2, 1.1) (1.4, 8.0) (**, *

Disagree (2.6, 4.8) (2.5, 10.6) (1.6, 9

Neither Agree nor Disagree (16.5, 21.2) (11.5, 24.7) (17.5, 3Agree (42.7, 48.6) (52.7, 69.3) (45.1, 6

Strongly Agree (2.7, 5.0) (2.2, 9.4) (1.7, 9

 Legitimately Skipped Question 52b. Recommendations are easy to understand 

(25.3, 30.8) (4.6, 14.6) (6.7, 19

Strongly Disagree (0.2, 1.0) (0.6, 5.9) (**, *Disagree (1.1, 2.6) (0.4, 5.6) (1.0, 8

Neither Agree nor Disagree (17.5, 22.3) (11.1, 24.8) (11.9, 2Agree (42.4, 48.4) (54.6, 71.4) (53.1, 7

Strongly Agree (3.5, 6.1) (4.2, 13.4) (1.5, 8

 Legitimately Skipped Question 52c. Recommendations are specific and concrete 

(25.4, 30.9) (4.8, 15.2) (6.7, 19

Strongly Disagree (0.2, 1.0) (0.6, 5.9) (**, *Disagree (2.3, 4.4) (5.0, 14.9) (0.5, 6

Neither Agree nor Disagree (24.0, 29.4) (14.1, 28.4) (22.6, 4Agree (35.0, 40.8) (44.5, 61.7) (39.8, 5

Strongly Agree (2.8, 5.2) (3.8, 12.9) (2.5, 11

 Legitimately Skipped Question (25.4, 30.8) (4.8, 15.1) (6.7, 19

B-267 
B-268 Exhibit B-6b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Fatality and FFFI

(continued) 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investig

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

53. What other NIOSH materials have you seen? MARK ALL 

THAT APPLY. Pocket guide to chemical hazards (54.4, 60.4) (59.7, 75.9) (57.2, 7

Respirator maintenance program guide (11.9, 15.9) (14.9, 28.9) (12.6, 2

CDs of firefighter program materials (25.4, 30.7) (39.3, 56.5) (24.1, 4

Alerts (29.1, 34.5) (39.9, 57.1) (32.4, 5

Hazard IDs (14.5, 19.0) (16.5, 30.8) (12.7, 2Workplace Solutions (10.7, 14.6) (11.7, 24.3) (10.7, 2Other (0.4, 1.4) (**, **) (0.2, 3

None. I have not seen any NIOSH materials. (22.6, 27.9) (6.0, 17.0) (8.1, 23

53a. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with these NIOSH 

materials? Very dissatisfied (0.8, 2.2) (0.1, 4.7) (0.6, 6

Dissatisfied (0.0, 0.7) (0.1, 4.6) (**, *

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied (18.8, 23.8) (4.2, 14.2) (15.1, 3

Satisfied (44.1, 50.1) (61.3, 77.5) (44.6, 6

Very satisfied (4.0, 6.7) (6.0, 17.3) (3.7, 15

 Legitimately Skipped Question (22.4, 27.7) (6.1, 17.3) (7.6, 22

54. Have you ever visited the NIOSH website at 

www.cdc.gov/niosh/firehome.html? No (56.5, 62.2) (17.5, 32.4) (35.1, 5

Yes, in the last year (31.9, 37.3) (58.0, 74.2) (36.5, 5Yes, longer than one year ago (4.9, 7.6) (5.3, 15.4) (4.5, 17

Note: Estimates are generated from the 2006 Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation, Fire DepEstimates within each column from the “Mark all that Apply” questions will not sum to 100. Estimates within each column from the oth

sum to 100 due to rounding. 

The digits in square brackets beside an estimate [#] indicate the estimate is significantly different at the 95% confidence level from th

in column #. A plus sign within the square brackets [+] indicates the estimate has low precision. 

** Estimate is less than 0.1 and therefore rounds to zero. 
Exhibit B-6c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

1. Does your department have a Safety Officer? Yes No 

1,587 1,587 

139 139 

119 119 

2. Does your department have a Training Officer? Yes No 

1,600 1,600 

139 139 

118 118 

3. Some fire departments use Standard Operating 

Procedures (SOPs) or Standard Operating Guidelines (SOGs) to describe how certain situations should be approached. For which of the following does your department have SOPs/SOGs in place? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Incident Command Systems 1,600 140 117 

Maintenance of SCBAs 1,600 140 117 

Motor vehicle safety 1,600 140 117 

Participation in a personal physical fitness program 1,600 140 117 

Participation in regular health screenings for cardiovascular 

disease (CVD) 

1,600 140 117 

Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs), also known as Rapid 

Intervention Crews (RICs) or Firefighter Assistance and Search Teams (FAST) 

1,600 140 117 

Use of Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) devices 1,600 140 117 

Use of personal protective equipment and protective clothing 1,600 140 117 

Use of radio communications 1,600 140 117 

Other 

1,600 140 117 

Does not apply. Our fire department does not use SOPs/SOGs. 1,600 140 117 

B-269 
B-270 Exhibit B-6c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

4. Do your firefighters receive training on any of the topics 

listed below? If so, is training optional or required? 

4a. Fighting structure fires No Training 1,607 139 119  Optional Training 1,607 139 119  Required Training 4b. Driving safety 

1,607 139 119 

 No Training 1,598 138 119  Optional Training 1,598 138 119  Required Training 4c. Incident Command systems 

1,598 138 119 

 No Training 1,584 137 118  Optional Training 1,584 137 118  Required Training 4d. Maintenance of Self-Contained Breathing Apparatuses 

(SCBAs) 

1,584 137 118 

 No Training 1,581 135 119  Optional Training 1,581 135 119  Required Training 4e. Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) 

1,581 135 119 

 No Training 1,511 131 114  Optional Training 1,511 131 114  Required Training 1,511 131 114 
Exhibit B-6c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

4f. Use of personal protective equipment and/or protective 

clothing 

 No Training 1,611 140 119  Optional Training 1,611 140 119  Required Training 4g. Use of radio communication devices

1,611 140 119 

 No Training 1,606 139 119  Optional Training 1,606 139 119  Required Training 1,606 139 119 

5. Who provides training to your firefighters? MARK ALL 

THAT APPLY. Our department’s Training Officer 1,611 140 118 

Other officers within our department 1,611 140 118 

State fire training agency 1,611 140 118 

United States Fire Administration’s (USFA) National Fire Academy 

in Emmitsburg, MD 

1,611 140 118 

Conferences or regional meetings 1,611 140 118 

Other 

1,611 140 118 

6. What other trainings have your firefighters attended in 

the last 12 months? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Roadside incidents/Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVA) 1,622 141 121 

 Scuba diving 1,622 141 121 

Swift water rescue 1,622 141 121 

 Wildland fire fighting 1,622 141 121 

 HAZMAT 1,622 141 121 

Other 

1,622 141 121 

B-271 
B-272 Exhibit B-6c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

8. How familiar are you with the National Institute for 

Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)? Not at all familiar 1,610 138 121 Not very familiar 1,610 138 121 

 Somewhat familiar 1,610 138 121 

 Very familiar 1,610 138 121 

9. How familiar are you with NIOSH’s Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP)? Not at all familiar 1,611 138 121 Not very familiar 1,611 138 121 

 Somewhat familiar 1,611 138 121 

 Very familiar 1,611 138 121 

10. How does your department receive information about 

NIOSH’s firefighter safety and health recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 NIOSH mailings 1,609 139 121 

National conference presentations 1,609 139 121 

State-level conference presentations 1,609 139 121 

Other firefighters or departments 1,609 139 121 

At seminars or other training opportunities (not conferences) 1,609 139 121 

Trade publications (such as Firehouse and Fire Engineering) 1,609 139 121 

 NIOSH website 1,609 139 121 

Links from other websites (such as NFPA and Firehouse) 1,609 139 121 

Media reports—newspaper, television, radio 1,609 139 121 

Other 

1,609 139 121 

Does not apply. We have not received information about NIOSH 

recommendations. 

1,609 139 121 
Exhibit B-6c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

11. In what ways has your department used NIOSH 

recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Made changes to training program 1,536 134 114 

Developed new SOPs/SOGs 1,536 134 114 

Made changes to SOPs/SOGs 1,536 134 114 

Justified current budget/staffing 1,536 134 114 

Made new budget/staffing requests 1,536 134 114 

Justified grant applications 1,536 134 114 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations. 1,536 134 114 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,536 134 114 11b. Can you identify topics of NIOSH recommendations that 

you have used for training purposes? If so, MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 Traffic hazards 1,530 133 113 

Personal protective equipment and clothing 1,530 133 113 

SCBA 

1,530 133 113 

 PASS systems 1,530 133 113 

Incident Command systems 1,530 133 113 

 Radio communications 1,530 133 113 

Physical fitness and cardiovascular disease (CVD) 1,530 133 113 

Building code compliance (e.g., warning against the use of 

wooden trusses) 

1,530 133 113 

Other 

1,530 133 113 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations for 

training purposes. 

1,530 133 113 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,530 133 113 

B-273 
B-274 Exhibit B-6c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

12. Does your department have a fitness training that 

involves physical exercise and/or other health promotion activities (for example a cardiovascular fitness program, physical training program, wellness program, or other 

fitness program)? 

No 

1,596 137 118 

Yes, it’s required 1,596 137 118 

Yes, it’s optional 1,596 137 118 

13. How often do your firefighters receive screenings for 

cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors? 

One time, when they first join the department 1,582 134 121 

Less frequently than once a year 1,582 134 121 

One time a year 1,582 134 121 More than one time a year 1,582 134 121 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive CVD 

screenings 

1,582 134 121 

14. Do all drivers of vehicles responding to emergency calls 

receive driver training before being allowed to operate the vehicles? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 No 1,616 139 121 

Yes, they receive training required by the department 1,616 139 121 

Yes, they receive training required by the state 1,616 139 121 

Yes, they receive optional training 1,616 139 121 

15. How often do drivers of your fire department vehicles 

receive refresher driver training to continue being allowed to drive the vehicles? Two or more times a year 1,611 137 121 

Once every year 1,611 137 121 

Less frequently than once a year 1,611 137 121 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive 

continuing driver training. 

1,611 137 121 
Exhibit B-6c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

16. Does your fire department have a requirement regarding 

seat belt use in emergency vehicles? 

Yes 

1,613 140 119 

No 

1,613 140 119 

17. To what extent do you agree or disagree that your 

firefighters are able to fit comfortably in their seatbelts while wearing turnout gear in your emergency vehicles? 

 Strongly disagree 1,603 139 117 

 Disagree 1,603 139 117 

Neither agree nor disagree 1,603 139 117 

 Agree 1,603 139 117  Strongly agree 1,603 139 117 18. About how often do you think your firefighters use their 

seatbelts when riding in the emergency vehicles? 

Never 

1,616 140 121 

Some of the time 1,616 140 121 

About half the time 1,616 140 121 Most of the time 1,616 140 121 

 Always 1,616 140 121 

21. How often is Incident Command established when 

responding to structure fires? 

Never 

1,604 139 120 

 Rarely 1,604 139 120 

About half the time 1,604 139 120 Most of the time 1,604 139 120 

 Always 1,604 139 120 

B-275 
B-276 Exhibit B-6c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

22. What are the reasons why Incident Command is not 

always established by your fire department? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not usually big enough to require an Incident 

Commander 

1,600 138 118 

Not enough firefighters available at the scene of the fire 1,600 138 118 

Other 

1,600 138 118 

Does not apply. My department always assigns an Incident 

Commander for structure fires. 

1,600 138 118 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,600 138 118 23. When Incident Command is established for a structure 

fire, what are the Incident Commander’s responsibilities? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Conduct an initial assessment before the other firefighters begin 

entering the building 

1,588 138 119 

Develop and coordinate the fire attack strategy 1,588 138 119 

Develop and initiate a risk management plan 1,588 138 119 

Document all assessments, plans and events related to the fire 1,588 138 119 

Ensure that at least four (4) firefighters are on the scene before 

entering the building 

1,588 138 119 

Establish a collapse zone around the building 1,588 138 119 Establish Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) or Rapid Intervention 

Crew (RIC) 

1,588 138 119 

Identify and implement a communication strategy 1,588 138 119 Monitor location of all firefighters at the scene 1,588 138 119 

Other 

1,588 138 119 
Exhibit B-6c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

24. About how often does an Incident Commander assign an 

Incident Safety Officer when responding to structure fires?

 Never 1,605 139 119 

Some of the time 1,605 139 119 

About half the time 1,605 139 119 Most of the time 1,605 139 119 

 Always 1,605 139 119 

25. What are the reasons why an Incident Commander does 

not always assign an Incident Safety Officer? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not big enough to require an Incident Safety Officer 1,588 139 117 

Not enough firefighters are available at the scene of the fire 1,588 139 117 

Other 

1,588 139 117 

Does not apply. Our Incident Commanders always assign an 

Incident Safety Officer for structure fires. 

1,588 139 117 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,588 139 117 26. How often are Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) or Rapid 

Intervention Crews (RICs) available at structure fires?

 Never 1,602 138 117 

Some of the time 1,602 138 117 

About half the time 1,602 138 117 Most of the time 1,602 138 117 

 Always 1,602 138 117 

B-277 
B-278 Exhibit B-6c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

27. In what situations are RITs/RICs established? MARK ALL 

THAT APPLY. 

When the building has more than one story/floor 1,600 137 117 

When there are enough firefighters on and at the scene of the 

fire 

1,600 137 117 

Whenever firefighters enter a burning building 1,600 137 117 

Other 

1,600 137 117 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,600 137 117 28. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

use RITs/RICs in every structure fire? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

The structure fire may not be large enough to need an RIT/RIC 1,575 136 117 

We don’t have enough equipment, SCBAs, or turnout gear to 

establish an RIT/RIC 

1,575 136 117 

We don’t have enough firefighters available at the scene of the 

fire 

1,575 136 117 

We don’t have enough training or trained personnel at the scene 

to establish an RIT/RIC 

1,575 136 117 

We have never established an RIT/RIC 1,575 136 117 

We use other fire departments in the area for RITs/RICs 1,575 136 117 We use other safety practices and so we don’t need them 1,575 136 117 

Other 

1,575 136 117 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,575 136 117 29. Does your fire department have enough Personal Alert 

Safety System (PASS) devices for all firefighters for use when fighting structure fires? 

Yes 

1,606 140 117 

No 

1,606 140 117 
Exhibit B-6c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

30. About how often do you think your firefighters wear their 

PASS devices when fighting structure fires? 

Never 

1,600 139 116 

Some of the time 1,600 139 116 

About half the time 1,600 139 116 Most of the time 1,600 139 116 

 Always 1,600 139 116 

31. Why do you think your firefighters do not use their PASS 

devices more often? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. They don’t have a PASS device to use 1,590 138 115 Situation doesn’t require them 1,590 138 115 

Firefighters think the devices do not always work reliably 1,590 138 115 

Firefighters don’t think they need them 1,590 138 115 

Devices go off while firefighters are resting 1,590 138 115 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,590 138 115 32. Does your department have Self Contained Breathing 

Apparatuses (SCBA) for your firefighters to use when combating structure fires? 

Yes 

1,606 140 117 

No 

1,606 140 117 

33. Do your firefighters ever have to share facepieces for 

SCBAs? 

Yes 

1,521 135 105 

No 

1,521 135 105 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,521 135 105 

B-279 
B-280 Exhibit B-6c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

33a. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

have personally-fitted SCBA facepieces for all of your firefighters? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Didn’t know it was recommended 1,517 132 105 Firefighters don’t like using the equipment 1,517 132 105 

Have never needed them (e.g., we don’t do interior attacks) 1,517 132 105 

They cost too much, there is not enough money in the budget 1,517 132 105 

We don’t have enough equipment for all of our firefighters 1,517 132 105 

Shared systems work fine for our needs 1,517 132 105 

Other 

1,517 132 105 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,517 132 105 34. About how often do you think your firefighters use SCBAs 

while fighting structure fires?

 Never 1,536 135 110 

Some of the time 1,536 135 110 

About half the time 1,536 135 110 Most of the time 1,536 135 110 

 Always 1,536 135 110 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,536 135 110 35. Why do you think your firefighters do not use SCBAs more 

often when fighting structure fires? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Situation doesn’t require them 1,525 136 110 

Firefighters do not trust that the SCBAs will work reliably 1,525 136 110 

Firefighters don’t think they need them 1,525 136 110 

Firefighters don’t like sharing facepieces with others 1,525 136 110 Firefighters are concerned that the SCBA may be or become 

contaminated 

1,525 136 110 

Wearing SCBAs makes it more difficult to work 1,525 136 110 

Firefighters don’t have SCBAs to use 1,525 136 110 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,525 136 110 
Exhibit B-6c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

36. How often is routine maintenance performed on your 

SCBAs? After every time they are used 1,270 119 88 

Once a month or more 1,270 119 88 

Several times a year 1,270 119 88 

Once a year 1,270 119 88 

Less than once a year 1,270 119 88 

Never. Maintenance has not been done on our SCBAs. 1,270 119 88 

Does not apply. My department does not have SCBAs. 1,270 119 88 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,270 119 88 37. How many Chemical/Biological/Radiological/Nuclear 

(CBRN) SCBAs are available (or on order) for use by firefighters within your department at this time?

 Greater than zero 1,518 131 116 

Zero 

1,518 131 116 

37a. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

have CBRN SCBAs? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

CBRN SCBA devices are not needed in our department 1,454 128 105 

We didn’t know they were available 1,454 128 105 

We don’t have adequate technical information to purchase them 1,454 128 105 

We don’t have adequate funding to purchase them 1,454 128 105 

Other 

1,454 128 105 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,454 128 105 38. Does your fire department have Automated External 

Defibrillators (AEDs)?

 Yes 1,610 139 121 No 

1,610 139 121 

B-281 
B-282 Exhibit B-6c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

38a. At your fire department, where do you have AEDs? 

At the fire station(s) 1,424 121 102 On the emergency vehicles (or apparatus) 1,424 121 102 

Both at the fire station(s) and on the vehicles (or apparatus) 1,424 121 102 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,424 121 102 39. How often has routine maintenance, including 

replacement of battery packs, been performed on your AEDs? After every time they are used 1,235 112 100 

Once a month or more 1,235 112 100 

Several times a year 1,235 112 100 

Once a year 1,235 112 100 

Less frequently than once a year 1,235 112 100 

Never. Maintenance on our AEDs has not been done. 1,235 112 100 

40. About how often do your firefighters carry radios or other 

two-way communication devices while responding to structure fires? 

Never 

1,610 140 118 

Some of the time 1,610 140 118 

About half the time 1,610 140 118 Most of the time 1,610 140 118 

 Always 1,610 140 118 
Exhibit B-6c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

41. Some radios and other two-way communication devices 

can have problems under field conditions, such as bleedover, interference, or loss of communication. About how often do your communication devices have these or other problems? 

Never 

1,612 141 121 

Some of the time 1,612 141 121 

About half the time 1,612 141 121 Most of the time 1,612 141 121 

 Always 1,612 141 121 

42. How would you rate your department’s budget in the 

following areas? 

42a. Equipment  Not adequate 1,608 139 121 

 Adequate 1,608 139 121 

More than adequate 

42b. Training 

1,608 139 121 

 Not adequate 1,608 139 121 

 Adequate 1,608 139 121 

More than adequate 

42c. Personnel 

1,608 139 121 

 Not adequate 1,551 137 117 

 Adequate 1,551 137 117 

More than adequate 1,551 137 117 

B-283 
B-284 Exhibit B-6c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

43. How often have you seen NIOSH reports that describe 

recent firefighter fatalities and make recommendations for avoiding similar incidents? Please refer to the insert sheet included with this survey for examples of NIOSH firefighter safety reports. 

Never 

1,605 140 119 

One or two times per year 1,605 140 119 Several times per year 1,605 140 119 

Once a month or more 1,605 140 119 

44. How does your department receive the NIOSH Fire Fighter 

Fatality Investigation reports? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 By mail 1,605 140 120 

On the Internet 1,605 140 120 

From colleagues in other departments 1,605 140 120 At conferences or other meetings 1,605 140 120 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,605 140 120 45. Have you read part or all of a NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation report in the last 12 months?

 Yes 1,611 139 121 No 

1,611 139 121 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,611 139 121 50. Does the fire department disseminate the information it 

receives from NIOSH to the firefighters? 

Yes 

1,583 139 117 

No 

1,583 139 117 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,583 139 117 
Exhibit B-6c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

50a. How is this information disseminated to firefighters? 

MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Regular staff meetings 1,585 138 118 

 Training sessions 1,585 138 118 

Provide copies of NIOSH reports to firefighters 1,585 138 118 

Provide copies of NIOSH report summaries to firefighters 1,585 138 118 

Provide summaries prepared by department to firefighters 1,585 138 118 

Postings on bulletin boards 1,585 138 118 

Post report on the department website 1,585 138 118 

Send message to firefighters by email 1,585 138 118 

Other 

1,585 138 118 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,585 138 118 51. The NIOSH reports sometimes reference other documents, 

such as guidelines or more detailed technical reports. Does your fire department usually have access to documents that are referenced in NIOSH reports? 

Yes 

1,564 135 117 

No 

1,564 135 117 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,564 135 117 

B-285 
B-286 Exhibit B-6c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

52. NIOSH reports always include recommendations that are 

designed to help improve the health and safety of firefighters. How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about the NIOSH recommendations: 

52a. Recommendations are practical  Strongly Disagree 1,547 138 115 

 Disagree 1,547 138 115 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 1,547 138 115 

 Agree 1,547 138 115  Strongly Agree 1,547 138 115 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 52b. Recommendations are easy to understand 

1,547 138 115 

 Strongly Disagree 1,537 133 115 

 Disagree 1,537 133 115 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 1,537 133 115 

 Agree 1,537 133 115  Strongly Agree 1,537 133 115 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 52c. Recommendations are specific and concrete 

1,537 133 115 

 Strongly Disagree 1,537 134 114 

 Disagree 1,537 134 114 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 1,537 134 114 

 Agree 1,537 134 114  Strongly Agree 1,537 134 114 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,537 134 114 
Exhibit B-6c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Invest

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality w

Investiga

53. What other NIOSH materials have you seen? MARK ALL 

THAT APPLY. Pocket guide to chemical hazards 1,537 134 117 Respirator maintenance program guide 1,537 134 117 

CDs of firefighter program materials 1,537 134 117 

 Alerts 1,537 134 117  Hazard IDs 1,537 134 117 

 Workplace Solutions 1,537 134 117 

Other 

1,537 134 117 

None. I have not seen any NIOSH materials. 1,537 134 117 

53a. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with these NIOSH 

materials? 

 Very dissatisfied 1,536 132 119 

 Dissatisfied 1,536 132 119 

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied 1,536 132 119 

 Satisfied 1,536 132 119  Very satisfied 1,536 132 119 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,536 132 119 54. Have you ever visited the NIOSH website at 

www.cdc.gov/niosh/firehome.html? 

No 

1,589 139 119 

Yes, in the last year 1,589 139 119 

Yes, longer than one year ago 1,589 139 119 

Note: Estimates are generated from the 2006 Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation, Fire DepEstimates within each column from the “Mark all that Apply” questions will not sum to 100. Estimates within each column from the oth

sum to 100 due to rounding. 

The digits in square brackets beside an estimate [#] indicate the estimate is significantly different at the 95% confidence level from th

in column #. A plus sign within the square brackets [+] indicates the estimate has low precision. 

** Estimate is less than 0.1 and therefore rounds to zero. 

B-287 
B-288 Exhibit B-7a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Type of Fatality 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

1. Does your department have a Safety Officer? Yes No 

70.3 29.7 

77.4 22.6 

73.7 26.3 

2. Does your department have a Training Officer? Yes No 

88.5 11.5 

92.4 

7.6 

91.2 

8.8 

3. Some fire departments use Standard Operating 

Procedures (SOPs) or Standard Operating Guidelines (SOGs) to describe how certain situations should be approached. For which of the following does your department have SOPs/SOGs in place? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Incident Command Systems 83.7 91.0 [3] 93.5 

Maintenance of SCBAs 69.7 72.2 74.8 

Motor vehicle safety 78.8 89.3 [3] 82.8 

Participation in a personal physical fitness program 11.0 25.7 [3] 16.2 Participation in regular health screenings for cardiovascular 

disease (CVD) 

16.8 31.2 [3] 24.5 

Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs), also known as Rapid 

Intervention Crews (RICs) or Firefighter Assistance and Search Teams (FAST) 

40.4 56.6 [3] 60.9 

Use of Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) devices 75.4 71.2 80.8 

Use of personal protective equipment and protective clothing 89.1 91.4 93.8 

Use of radio communications 84.8 87.0 92.3 

 Other 8.7 9.2 9.8 

Does not apply. Our fire department does not use SOPs/SOGs. 5.0 1.3 [3,+] ** [3] 
Exhibit B-7a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Type of Fatality (continued) 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

4. Do your firefighters receive training on any of the topics 

listed below? If so, is training optional or required? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

4a. Fighting structure fires No Training 1.1 5.5 0.6 

 Optional Training 16.7 11.7 18.2  Required Training 4b. Driving safety 

82.8 82.9 81.2 

 No Training 3.9 3.0 [+] 3.2  Optional Training 18.6 7.0 [3] 16.1 

 Required Training 4c. Incident Command systems 

77.7 89.9 [3] 80.7 

 No Training 2.9 1.7 [+] 3.2 

 Optional Training 27.4 17.8 [3] 19.7 

 Required Training 4d. Maintenance of Self-Contained Breathing Apparatuses 

(SCBAs) 

69.9 80.5 [3] 77.1 

 No Training 6.6 11.8 [2] 0.5  Optional Training 33.6 26.1 30.3 

 Required Training 4e. Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) 

60.3 62.1 69.2 

 No Training 28.5 16.2 [3] 13.1 

 Optional Training 36.2 35.4 43.3 

 Required Training 35.5 48.4 [3] 43.6 

B-289 
B-290 Exhibit B-7a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Type of Fatality (continued) 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

4f. Use of personal protective equipment and/or protective 

clothing 

 No Training 1.5 ** [3] 0.6 

 Optional Training 9.9 6.9 12.1  Required Training 4g. Use of radio communication devices

88.9 93.9 [3] 87.3 

 No Training 2.7 0.5 [3,+] 1.5  Optional Training 21.4 16.1 19.7 

 Required Training 76.2 83.4 [3] 78.8 

5. Who provides training to your firefighters? MARK ALL 

THAT APPLY. Our department’s Training Officer 84.9 88.6 90.1 

Other officers within our department 82.8 86.1 93.8 

State fire training agency 77.4 82.6 85.2 

United States Fire Administration’s (USFA) National Fire Academy 

in Emmitsburg, MD 

20.9 35.6 [3] 37.5 

Conferences or regional meetings 51.7 64.7 [3] 64.9 

 Other 25.2 29.7 23.0 

6. What other trainings have your firefighters attended in 

the last 12 months? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Roadside incidents/Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVA) 55.3 57.9 53.7 

 Scuba diving 7.5 11.9 8.1 

Swift water rescue 11.2 21.7 [3] 14.5 

 Wildland fire fighting 47.0 46.9 35.8  HAZMAT 66.7 74.7 84.6  Other 31.2 33.7 30.0 
Exhibit B-7a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Type of Fatality (continued) 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

8. How familiar are you with the National Institute for 

Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)? Not at all familiar 8.3 3.5 [3,+] 1.7 

Not very familiar 24.3 10.0 [3] 16.8 

 Somewhat familiar 58.1 52.7 58.5 

 Very familiar 9.3 33.7 [3] 23.1 

9. How familiar are you with NIOSH’s Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP)? Not at all familiar 20.8 8.5 [3] 8.3 

Not very familiar 33.5 19.3 [3] 17.8 

 Somewhat familiar 37.9 40.6 50.9  Very familiar 7.8 31.5 [3] 23.1 10. How does your department receive information about 

NIOSH’s firefighter safety and health recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 NIOSH mailings 67.8 82.7 [3] 74.5 

National conference presentations 3.6 9.4 [3] 5.9 State-level conference presentations 11.5 10.8 12.0 

Other firefighters or departments 22.9 22.9 27.8 

At seminars or other training opportunities (not conferences) 16.4 21.6 27.5 

Trade publications (such as Firehouse and Fire Engineering) 47.2 57.8 [3] 60.0 

 NIOSH website 24.3 45.8 [3] 40.2 

Links from other websites (such as NFPA and Firehouse) 28.2 36.0 43.5 Media reports—newspaper, television, radio 14.9 15.2 20.5 

Other 

1.1 4.5 3.2 

Does not apply. We have not received information about NIOSH 

recommendations. 

11.1 2.9 [3,+] 4.0 

B-291 
B-292 Exhibit B-7a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Type of Fatality (continued) 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

11. In what ways has your department used NIOSH 

recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Made changes to training program 40.2 59.3 [3] 62.4 

Developed new SOPs/SOGs 26.3 41.4 [3] 43.5 Made changes to SOPs/SOGs 34.9 59.8 [3] 55.2 Justified current budget/staffing 5.0 10.2 [3] 12.8 Made new budget/staffing requests 5.5 10.5 [3] 18.8 Justified grant applications 15.5 22.6 27.6 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations. 30.1 18.0 [3] 11.1 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 11.7 3.1 [3,+] 4.3 11b. Can you identify topics of NIOSH recommendations that 

you have used for training purposes? If so, MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 Traffic hazards 29.3 45.2 [3] 49.5 

Personal protective equipment and clothing 41.6 51.8 [3] 56.9 

 SCBA 40.1 46.2 58.3  PASS systems 32.6 40.9 43.2 

Incident Command systems 32.1 47.4 [3] 49.3 

 Radio communications 23.0 36.0 [3] 42.5 

Physical fitness and cardiovascular disease (CVD) 8.5 18.4 [3] 23.9 Building code compliance (e.g., warning against the use of 

wooden trusses) 

6.9 9.1 11.8 

Other 

2.3 6.4 [3] 1.8 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations for 

training purposes. 

1.9 4.7 4.6 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 41.9 21.1 [3] 15.6 
Exhibit B-7a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Type of Fatality (continued) 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

12. Does your department have a fitness training that 

involves physical exercise and/or other health promotion activities (for example a cardiovascular fitness program, physical training program, wellness program, or other 

fitness program)? 

No 

78.5 63.5 [3] 69.5 

Yes, it’s required 7.0 16.2 [3] 13.1 Yes, it’s optional 14.5 20.3 17.4 

13. How often do your firefighters receive screenings for 

cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors? 

One time, when they first join the department 14.5 12.9 16.6 

Less frequently than once a year 7.1 9.0 9.3 

One time a year 17.1 26.0 [3] 29.0 

More than one time a year 0.3 ** [3] ** [3] 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive CVD 

screenings 

60.9 52.1 45.2 

14. Do all drivers of vehicles responding to emergency calls 

receive driver training before being allowed to operate the vehicles? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 No 6.4 3.5 4.4 

Yes, they receive training required by the department 84.0 88.6 86.8 

Yes, they receive training required by the state 25.7 25.4 22.0 

Yes, they receive optional training 13.8 9.8 14.3 

15. How often do drivers of your fire department vehicles 

receive refresher driver training to continue being allowed to drive the vehicles? Two or more times a year 14.2 13.9 13.2 

Once every year 40.3 43.0 36.3 

Less frequently than once a year 24.8 24.2 31.1 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive 

continuing driver training. 

20.7 18.8 19.4 

B-293 
B-294 Exhibit B-7a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Type of Fatality (continued) 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

16. Does your fire department have a requirement regarding 

seat belt use in emergency vehicles? 

Yes 

84.2 93.4 [3] 86.4 

 No 15.8 6.6 [3] 13.6 17. To what extent do you agree or disagree that your 

firefighters are able to fit comfortably in their seatbelts while wearing turnout gear in your emergency vehicles? 

 Strongly disagree 6.9 5.5 6.6  Disagree 18.0 20.7 12.9 

Neither agree nor disagree 30.8 28.4 30.5 

 Agree 32.1 29.7 28.8 

 Strongly agree 12.2 15.7 21.2 

18. About how often do you think your firefighters use their 

seatbelts when riding in the emergency vehicles? 

Never 

5.4 1.6 [3,+] 2.7 

Some of the time 22.7 22.3 30.5 

About half the time 17.0 12.1 16.2 Most of the time 38.4 34.1 34.4 

Always 

16.5 29.8 [2,3] 16.3 

21. How often is Incident Command established when 

responding to structure fires? 

Never 

2.3 2.5 [+] ** [3] 

 Rarely 6.8 2.6 [3] 4.6 

About half the time 6.7 2.8 [3,+] 0.7 Most of the time 27.6 17.4 [3] 19.4 

 Always 56.6 74.8 [3] 75.3 
Exhibit B-7a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Type of Fatality (continued) 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

22. What are the reasons why Incident Command is not 

always established by your fire department? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not usually big enough to require an Incident 

Commander 

22.5 9.7 [3] 9.2 

Not enough firefighters available at the scene of the fire 21.2 13.9 [3] 11.4 

 Other 6.2 5.0 6.4 

Does not apply. My department always assigns an Incident 

Commander for structure fires. 

3.6 2.4 1.4 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 56.6 75.3 [3] 76.8 

23. When Incident Command is established for a structure 

fire, what are the Incident Commander’s responsibilities? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Conduct an initial assessment before the other firefighters begin 

entering the building 

91.0 89.5 93.2 

Develop and coordinate the fire attack strategy 93.1 91.6 95.6 

Develop and initiate a risk management plan 52.3 63.1 [3] 65.0 

Document all assessments, plans and events related to the fire 38.8 43.4 42.5 Ensure that at least four (4) firefighters are on the scene before 

entering the building 

68.6 70.7 69.1 

Establish a collapse zone around the building 49.1 55.8 53.5 

Establish Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) or Rapid Intervention 

Crew (RIC) 

48.5 64.8 [3] 62.7 

Identify and implement a communication strategy 64.7 66.2 64.0 

Monitor location of all firefighters at the scene 76.2 80.5 85.0 

 Other 9.1 14.7 7.6 

B-295 
B-296 Exhibit B-7a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Type of Fatality (continued) 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

24. About how often does an Incident Commander assign an 

Incident Safety Officer when responding to structure fires?

 Never 13.3 6.5 [3] 7.5 

Some of the time 26.5 25.6 30.5 

About half the time 8.1 11.4 7.0 Most of the time 29.8 26.5 26.1 

Always 

22.3 30.0 29.0 

25. What are the reasons why an Incident Commander does 

not always assign an Incident Safety Officer? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not big enough to require an Incident Safety Officer 32.3 20.9 [3] 15.2 

Not enough firefighters are available at the scene of the fire 51.7 42.6 [3] 52.7 

 Other 13.1 19.9 16.0 

Does not apply. Our Incident Commanders always assign an 

Incident Safety Officer for structure fires. 

2.1 2.0 [+] 1.4 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 22.6 30.3 29.2 

26. How often are Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) or Rapid 

Intervention Crews (RICs) available at structure fires?

 Never 29.4 17.2 [3] 15.3 

Some of the time 21.8 14.7 [3] 17.9 About half the time 6.5 6.0 6.4 Most of the time 22.5 27.0 19.2 

Always 

19.9 35.1 [3] 41.3 
Exhibit B-7a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Type of Fatality (continued) 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

27. In what situations are RITs/RICs established? MARK ALL 

THAT APPLY. 

When the building has more than one story/floor 9.3 7.3 5.9 

When there are enough firefighters on and at the scene of the 

fire 

32.3 31.8 25.6 

Whenever firefighters enter a burning building 26.4 23.4 22.6 

Other 

4.9 5.8 3.1 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 49.3 52.1 57.7 

28. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

use RITs/RICs in every structure fire? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

The structure fire may not be large enough to need an RIT/RIC 34.9 23.6 [3] 24.7 

We don’t have enough equipment, SCBAs, or turnout gear to 

establish an RIT/RIC 

8.8 2.6 [3,+] 3.6 

We don’t have enough firefighters available at the scene of the 

fire 

53.5 45.0 35.4 

We don’t have enough training or trained personnel at the scene 

to establish an RIT/RIC 

20.7 12.2 [3] 14.6 

We have never established an RIT/RIC 17.7 8.1 [3] 11.0 

We use other fire departments in the area for RITs/RICs 29.2 24.1 17.2 We use other safety practices and so we don’t need them 4.2 1.0 [3,+] 1.7 

 Other 4.1 8.2 5.2 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 20.3 35.6 [3] 41.5 

29. Does your fire department have enough Personal Alert 

Safety System (PASS) devices for all firefighters for use when fighting structure fires? 

Yes 

78.8 84.4 87.8 

 No 21.2 15.6 12.2 

B-297 
B-298 Exhibit B-7a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Type of Fatality (continued) 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

30. About how often do you think your firefighters wear their 

PASS devices when fighting structure fires? 

Never 

6.3 8.9 6.9 

Some of the time 3.9 0.9 [3,+] ** [3] 

About half the time 1.8 1.5 [+] 1.0 

Most of the time 12.8 7.5 [3] 10.9 

 Always 75.2 81.2 81.2 

31. Why do you think your firefighters do not use their PASS 

devices more often? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. They don’t have a PASS device to use 13.1 10.5 11.2 Situation doesn’t require them 9.5 6.9 7.2 

Firefighters think the devices do not always work reliably 0.3 ** 1.4 

Firefighters don’t think they need them 4.6 1.7 [3,+] 2.1 

Devices go off while firefighters are resting 3.7 2.1 [+] 2.5 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 75.5 83.1 [3] 81.2 

32. Does your department have Self Contained Breathing 

Apparatuses (SCBA) for your firefighters to use when combating structure fires? 

Yes 

99.2 95.3 100.0 

 No 0.8 4.7 [+] ** [3] 33. Do your firefighters ever have to share facepieces for 

SCBAs? 

Yes 

49.7 46.8 43.3 

No 

49.5 48.3 56.7 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 0.8 4.9 [+] ** [3] 
Exhibit B-7a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Type of Fatality (continued) 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

33a. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

have personally-fitted SCBA facepieces for all of your firefighters? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Didn’t know it was recommended 4.8 2.2 [+] 1.4 

Firefighters don’t like using the equipment 0.3   

Have never needed them (e.g., we don’t do interior attacks) 0.7 **  [3] 1.7 They cost too much, there is not enough money in the budget 31.8 32.4 20.1 We don’t have enough equipment for all of our firefighters 24.6 22.5 23.6 

Shared systems work fine for our needs 23.4 19.7 23.7 

Other 

5.0 9.1 5.4 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 50.3 53.7 57.9 

34. About how often do you think your firefighters use SCBAs 

while fighting structure fires?

 Never 1.1 ** [3] ** [3] 

Some of the time 4.7 4.0 4.5 

About half the time 2.7 ** [3] ** [3] 

Most of the time 24.5 17.7 19.1 

Always 

66.1 73.5 76.4 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 0.8 4.9 [+] ** [3] 35. Why do you think your firefighters do not use SCBAs more 

often when fighting structure fires? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Situation doesn’t require them 

Firefighters do not trust that the SCBAs will work reliably 

Firefighters don’t think they need them 

Firefighters don’t like sharing facepieces with others Firefighters are concerned that the SCBA may be or become 

contaminated 

Wearing SCBAs makes it more difficult to work 

Firefighters don’t have SCBAs to use 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 

25.9 

** 

10.3 

1.0 

** 

5.9 

3.9 

67.8 

18.1 [3]

** 

6.6 

1.3 [+]

** 

6.3 

** [3]

78.4 [3]

 17.0 

** 

11.8 

**

 [3]

** 

8.5 

**

 [3]

 75.9 

 

 

B-299 
B-300 Exhibit B-7a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Type of Fatality (continued) 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

36. How often is routine maintenance performed on your 

SCBAs? After every time they are used 43.0 54.3 [3] 59.4 

Once a month or more 19.0 18.9 11.9 

Several times a year 15.0 7.0 [3] 11.0 

Once a year 16.4 11.6 15.0 

Less than once a year 4.3 1.4 [3,+] 1.7 

Never. Maintenance has not been done on our SCBAs. 1.4 1.2 [+] 1.1 

Does not apply. My department does not have SCBAs.   **  

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1.0 5.6 [+] ** [3] 

37. How many Chemical/Biological/Radiological/Nuclear 

(CBRN) SCBAs are available (or on order) for use by firefighters within your department at this time?

 Greater than zero 17.5 27.5 [3] 30.1  Zero 82.5 72.5 [3] 69.9 37a. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

have CBRN SCBAs? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

CBRN SCBA devices are not needed in our department 20.9 14.0 14.1 

We didn’t know they were available 15.1 8.5 [3] 6.8 

We don’t have adequate technical information to purchase them 19.7 16.2 8.9 We don’t have adequate funding to purchase them 60.3 51.6 50.4 

Other 

4.9 10.1 11.6 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 18.3 30.2 [3] 31.5 38. Does your fire department have Automated External 

Defibrillators (AEDs)?

 Yes 77.4 84.9 [3] 88.9  No 22.6 15.1 [3] 11.1 
Exhibit B-7a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Type of Fatality (continued) 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

38a. At your fire department, where do you have AEDs? 

At the fire station(s) 2.8 5.8 1.5 

On the emergency vehicles (or apparatus) 62.0 66.7 75.2 

Both at the fire station(s) and on the vehicles (or apparatus) 10.4 10.5 9.6 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 24.9 17.1 13.7 

39. How often has routine maintenance, including 

replacement of battery packs, been performed on your AEDs? After every time they are used 13.9 16.7 22.8 

Once a month or more 25.4 25.3 17.0 

Several times a year 20.6 22.4 15.6 Once a year 22.3 24.5 37.1 

Less frequently than once a year 7.4 4.8 2.6 

Never. Maintenance on our AEDs has not been done. 10.4 6.3 5.0 

40. About how often do your firefighters carry radios or other 

two-way communication devices while responding to structure fires? 

Never 

1.6 1.0 [+] ** [3] 

Some of the time 4.7 3.0 3.8 

About half the time 2.6 ** [3] 0.5 

Most of the time 20.6 17.1 27.5 

Always 

70.4 78.9 [3] 68.2 

41. Some radios and other two-way communication devices 

can have problems under field conditions, such as bleedover, interference, or loss of communication. About how often do your communication devices have these or other problems? 

Never 

18.0 9.7 [3] 17.6 

Some of the time 64.5 72.3 70.3 

About half the time 10.3 10.1 8.2 

Most of the time 5.4 7.4 3.9 

Always 

1.8 0.5 [+] ** [3] 

B-301 
B-302 Exhibit B-7a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Type of Fatality (continued) 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

42. How would you rate your department’s budget in the 

following areas? 

42a. Equipment  Not adequate 48.6 54.1 47.4 

 Adequate 45.7 40.7 47.9 

More than adequate 

42b. Training 

5.7 5.2 4.7 

 Not adequate 39.1 38.5 43.0 

 Adequate 55.6 55.3 53.7 

More than adequate 

42c. Personnel 

5.2 6.2 3.3 

 Not adequate 51.5 60.2 52.9 

 Adequate 44.3 36.6 44.8 

More than adequate 4.2 3.1 2.3 

43. How often have you seen NIOSH reports that describe 

recent firefighter fatalities and make recommendations for avoiding similar incidents? Please refer to the insert sheet included with this survey for examples of NIOSH firefighter safety reports. 

Never 

26.8 10.7 [3] 9.3 

One or two times per year 34.3 27.9 40.2 

Several times per year 33.2 49.0 [3] 41.9 

Once a month or more 5.7 12.5 [3] 8.7 

44. How does your department receive the NIOSH Fire Fighter 

Fatality Investigation reports? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 By mail 56.0 66.2 [3] 66.1 

On the Internet 24.7 42.5 [3] 41.5 From colleagues in other departments 10.0 8.4 17.2 

At conferences or other meetings 6.9 14.4 [3] 10.4 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 26.8 10.5 [3] 9.3 
Exhibit B-7a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Type of Fatality (continued) 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

45. Have you read part or all of a NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation report in the last 12 months?

 Yes 53.3 70.2 [3] 77.9 

 No 20.0 19.3 12.7 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 26.6 10.4 [3] 9.4 

50. Does the fire department disseminate the information it 

receives from NIOSH to the firefighters? 

Yes 

60.7 78.6 [3] 82.8 

 No 12.1 10.6 7.8 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 27.3 10.8 [3] 9.5 

50a. How is this information disseminated to firefighters? 

MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Regular staff meetings 23.5 18.2 [2] 30.2 

 Training sessions 44.2 55.2 [3] 59.4 

Provide copies of NIOSH reports to firefighters 16.2 27.0 [3] 25.4 Provide copies of NIOSH report summaries to firefighters 6.2 11.0 13.7 Provide summaries prepared by department to firefighters 1.8 1.8 [+] 6.1 

Postings on bulletin boards 38.5 46.5 51.2 

Post report on the department website 1.1 1.1 [+] 3.7 

Send message to firefighters by email 5.3 15.1 [3] 11.1 

 Other 1.3 3.7 3.0 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 39.1 21.2 [3] 17.3 

51. The NIOSH reports sometimes reference other documents, 

such as guidelines or more detailed technical reports. Does your fire department usually have access to documents that are referenced in NIOSH reports? 

Yes 

34.2 50.8 [3] 52.3 

 No 38.4 38.4 38.1 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 27.4 10.8 [3] 9.6 

B-303 
B-304 Exhibit B-7a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Type of Fatality (continued) 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

52. NIOSH reports always include recommendations that are 

designed to help improve the health and safety of firefighters. How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about the NIOSH recommendations: 

52a. Recommendations are practical  Strongly Disagree 0.5 1.2 [+] 1.6 

 Disagree 3.6 4.5 4.5 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 18.7 24.2 20.0 

 Agree 45.6 54.4 60.4 

 Strongly Agree 3.7 4.9 3.9  Legitimately Skipped Question 52b. Recommendations are easy to understand 

28.0 10.8 [3] 9.7 

 Strongly Disagree 0.4 0.5 [+] 1.0 

 Disagree 1.7 1.8 [+] 2.8 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 19.8 18.0 18.0 

 Agree 45.4 60.8 [3] 65.4 

 Strongly Agree 4.6 7.8 3.0  Legitimately Skipped Question 52c. Recommendations are specific and concrete 

28.1 11.1 [3] 9.8 

 Strongly Disagree 0.4 0.5 [+] 1.0 

 Disagree 3.2 6.8 2.9 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 26.6 26.2 27.3 

 Agree 37.9 47.8 [3] 54.1 

 Strongly Agree 3.8 7.7 4.8 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 28.0 11.0 [3] 9.8 
Exhibit B-7a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Type of Fatality (continued) 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

53. What other NIOSH materials have you seen? MARK ALL 

THAT APPLY. Pocket guide to chemical hazards 57.4 65.6 69.7 

Respirator maintenance program guide 13.8 24.2 [3] 16.2 CDs of firefighter program materials 28.0 39.0 [3] 38.6 

 Alerts 31.7 48.6 [3] 40.8  Hazard IDs 16.6 17.9 23.5 

 Workplace Solutions 12.5 14.7 19.0 

Other 

0.8 1.1 [+] ** [3] 

None. I have not seen any NIOSH materials. 25.2 12.3 [3] 12.7 

53a. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with these NIOSH 

materials? 

 Very dissatisfied 1.3 1.5 [+] 1.5 

 Dissatisfied 0.2 0.6 [+] ** 

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied 21.2 17.2 16.5 

 Satisfied 47.1 59.8 [3] 61.4 

 Very satisfied 5.2 9.5 7.9  Legitimately Skipped Question 24.9 11.5 [3] 12.8 54. Have you ever visited the NIOSH website at 

www.cdc.gov/niosh/firehome.html? 

No 

59.4 29.6 [3] 42.3 

Yes, in the last year 34.5 58.9 [3] 50.5 Yes, longer than one year ago 6.1 11.5 7.2 

Note: Traumatic includes those fatalities considered both “Traumatic” and “Cardiovascular.” Estimates are generated from the 2006 Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation, Fire DepartmeEstimates within each column from the “Mark all that Apply” questions will not sum to 100. Estimates within each column from the oth

sum to 100 due to rounding. 

The digits in square brackets beside an estimate [#] indicate the estimate is significantly different at the 95% confidence level from th

in column #. A plus sign within the square brackets [+] indicates the estimate has low precision. 

** Estimate is less than 0.1 and therefore rounds to zero. 

B-305 
B-306 Exhibit B-7b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Type of Fatality 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

1. Does your department have a Safety Officer? Yes No 

(67.5, 72.9) (27.1, 32.5) 

(69.4, 83.8) (16.2, 30.6) 

(63.0, 8(17.9, 3

2. Does your department have a Training Officer? Yes No 

(86.4, 90.3) 

(9.7, 13.6) 

(86.7, 95.8) 

(4.2, 13.3) 

(81.7, 9

(4.0, 18

3. Some fire departments use Standard Operating 

Procedures (SOPs) or Standard Operating Guidelines (SOGs) to describe how certain situations should be approached. For which of the following does your department have SOPs/SOGs in place? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Incident Command Systems (81.3, 85.8) (85.2, 94.7) (86.7, 9

Maintenance of SCBAs (66.9, 72.3) (63.4, 79.6) (64.2, 8Motor vehicle safety (76.3, 81.2) (83.2, 93.3) (73.2, 8

Participation in a personal physical fitness program (9.6, 12.7) (18.7, 34.3) (10.4, 2

Participation in regular health screenings for cardiovascular 

disease (CVD) 

(14.9, 18.9) (23.6, 39.9) (17.0, 3

Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs), also known as Rapid 

Intervention Crews (RICs) or Firefighter Assistance and Search Teams (FAST) 

(37.7, 43.2) (47.8, 65.0) (50.2, 7

Use of Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) devices (72.7, 77.9) (62.5, 78.5) (70.5, 8

Use of personal protective equipment and protective clothing (87.1, 90.9) (84.5, 95.4) (85.6, 9

Use of radio communications (82.5, 86.8) (80.2, 91.7) (85.4, 9

Other (7.2, 10.5) (5.4, 15.2) (5.2, 17

Does not apply. Our fire department does not use SOPs/SOGs. (3.8, 6.5) (0.3, 5.1) (**, *
Exhibit B-7b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Type of Fatality (

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

4. Do your firefighters receive training on any of the topics 

listed below? If so, is training optional or required? 

4a. Fighting structure fires 

No Training (0.6, 2.0) (2.1, 13.9) (0.1, 4

Optional Training (14.6, 19.1) (6.8, 19.2) (11.0, 2

Required Training 

4b. Driving safety 

(80.4, 85.0) (74.1, 89.1) (70.7, 8

No Training (2.9, 5.3) (1.1, 8.3) (0.9, 10

Optional Training (16.3, 21.1) (3.6, 13.1) (9.6, 25Required Training 

4c. Incident Command systems 

(75.1, 80.1) (83.2, 94.2) (70.7, 8

No Training (2.0, 4.1) (0.5, 5.3) (0.9, 10

Optional Training (24.8, 30.2) (12.0, 25.5) (12.1, 3

Required Training 

4d. Maintenance of Self-Contained Breathing Apparatuses 

(SCBAs) 

(67.1, 72.6) (72.7, 86.5) (66.4, 8

No Training (5.2, 8.3) (6.4, 20.7) (0.1, 3

Optional Training (30.8, 36.5) (19.3, 34.3) (21.5, 4

Required Training 

4e. Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) 

(57.3, 63.1) (53.1, 70.3) (58.7, 7

No Training (25.8, 31.3) (10.2, 24.9) (7.1, 22

Optional Training (33.3, 39.2) (27.5, 44.3) (33.0, 5

Required Training (32.8, 38.3) (39.9, 56.9) (33.7, 5

B-307 
B-308 Exhibit B-7b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Type of Fatality (

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

4f. Use of personal protective equipment and/or protective 

clothing No Training (0.9, 2.4) (**, **) (0.1, 4Optional Training (8.2, 11.8) (3.5, 12.9) (6.7, 20

Required Training 

4g. Use of radio communication devices 

(86.9, 90.7) (88.0, 97.0) (78.5, 9

No Training (1.9, 3.8) (0.1, 3.4) (0.5, 4

Optional Training (19.0, 23.9) (10.7, 23.5) (12.6, 2Required Training (73.6, 78.6) (76.0, 88.9) (69.0, 8

5. Who provides training to your firefighters? MARK ALL 

THAT APPLY. Our department’s Training Officer (82.6, 86.9) (81.5, 93.2) (81.0, 9

Other officers within our department (80.4, 85.0) (78.6, 91.2) (86.0, 9

State fire training agency (74.8, 79.8) (75.0, 88.3) (76.4, 9

United States Fire Administration’s (USFA) National Fire Academy 

in Emmitsburg, MD 

(18.9, 23.1) (28.1, 43.9) (28.4, 4

Conferences or regional meetings (48.8, 54.6) (56.1, 72.4) (54.2, 7

Other (22.7, 27.8) (22.3, 38.2) (15.3, 3

6. What other trainings have your firefighters attended in 

the last 12 months? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Roadside incidents/Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVA) (52.4, 58.2) (49.3, 66.0) (43.3, 6

Scuba diving (6.2, 9.1) (7.5, 18.4) (4.1, 15Swift water rescue (9.6, 13.0) (15.9, 28.9) (9.4, 21

Wildland fire fighting (44.1, 49.9) (38.5, 55.5) (26.4, 4

HAZMAT (63.8, 69.4) (66.0, 81.8) (75.7, 9

Other (28.5, 33.9) (26.3, 42.0) (21.6, 3
Exhibit B-7b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Type of Fatality (

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

8. How familiar are you with the National Institute for 

Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)? Not at all familiar (6.8, 10.2) (1.3, 9.2) (0.4, 7

Not very familiar (21.8, 27.0) (5.7, 16.8) (10.2, 2

Somewhat familiar (55.2, 61.0) (44.2, 61.2) (48.1, 6Very familiar (7.8, 10.9) (26.5, 41.8) (16.0, 3

9. How familiar are you with NIOSH’s Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP)? Not at all familiar (18.4, 23.3) (4.6, 15.4) (3.9, 16

Not very familiar (30.8, 36.4) (13.6, 26.7) (11.1, 2Somewhat familiar (35.1, 40.7) (32.5, 49.3) (40.6, 6Very familiar (6.5, 9.4) (24.9, 39.0) (15.7, 3

10. How does your department receive information about 

NIOSH’s firefighter safety and health recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. NIOSH mailings (64.9, 70.5) (74.4, 88.8) (64.2, 8

National conference presentations (2.8, 4.7) (5.6, 15.3) (2.9, 11

State-level conference presentations (9.7, 13.5) (6.9, 16.5) (7.2, 19

Other firefighters or departments (20.5, 25.5) (16.3, 31.1) (19.6, 3

At seminars or other training opportunities (not conferences) (14.3, 18.6) (15.5, 29.3) (19.4, 3

Trade publications (such as Firehouse and Fire Engineering) (44.3, 50.1) (49.1, 66.1) (49.6, 6

NIOSH website (22.0, 26.7) (37.6, 54.2) (31.0, 5

Links from other websites (such as NFPA and Firehouse) (25.7, 30.9) (28.4, 44.3) (33.7, 5

Media reports—newspaper, television, radio (12.9, 17.1) (10.2, 21.9) (13.3, 3

Other (0.7, 1.9) (1.8, 10.7) (0.9, 10

Does not apply. We have not received information about NIOSH 

recommendations. 

(9.3, 13.2) (0.8, 9.9) (1.3, 12

B-309 
B-310 Exhibit B-7b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Type of Fatality (

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

11. In what ways has your department used NIOSH 

recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Made changes to training program (37.3, 43.1) (50.6, 67.5) (51.7, 7Developed new SOPs/SOGs (23.8, 29.0) (33.3, 49.9) (33.5, 5Made changes to SOPs/SOGs (32.2, 37.7) (51.1, 68.0) (44.4, 6Justified current budget/staffing (4.0, 6.3) (6.2, 16.3) (7.5, 20

Made new budget/staffing requests (4.4, 6.8) (6.7, 16.1) (12.2, 2Justified grant applications (13.5, 17.8) (16.3, 30.3) (19.1, 3

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations. (27.3, 32.9) (12.1, 25.9) (6.0, 19

 Legitimately Skipped Question (9.8, 13.9) (0.9, 10.4) (1.3, 12

11b. Can you identify topics of NIOSH recommendations that 

you have used for training purposes? If so, MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Traffic hazards (26.7, 32.1) (36.8, 53.8) (39.0, 6

Personal protective equipment and clothing (38.7, 44.5) (43.2, 60.2) (46.1, 6

SCBA (37.2, 43.0) (37.8, 54.7) (47.5, 6

PASS systems (29.9, 35.5) (32.9, 49.3) (33.1, 5

Incident Command systems (29.4, 34.9) (38.8, 56.2) (38.8, 5

Radio communications (20.7, 25.6) (28.3, 44.5) (32.3, 5

Physical fitness and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (7.1, 10.2) (12.6, 26.1) (16.5, 3

Building code compliance (e.g., warning against the use of 

wooden trusses) 

(5.6, 8.5) (5.6, 14.6) (6.5, 20

Other (1.6, 3.4) (3.4, 11.6) (0.4, 8

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations for 

training purposes. 

(1.3, 2.9) (2.0, 10.6) (1.7, 11

 Legitimately Skipped Question (38.9, 44.8) (14.6, 29.6) (9.1, 25
Exhibit B-7b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Type of Fatality (

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

12. Does your department have a fitness training that 

involves physical exercise and/or other health promotion activities (for example a cardiovascular fitness program, physical training program, wellness program, or other 

fitness program)? 

No 

(76.4, 80.4) (54.9, 71.2) (60.1, 7

Yes, it’s required (5.9, 8.3) (10.5, 24.1) (8.1, 20

Yes, it’s optional (12.8, 16.4) (14.6, 27.6) (11.2, 2

13. How often do your firefighters receive screenings for 

cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors? 

One time, when they first join the department (12.7, 16.6) (8.5, 19.2) (10.3, 2

Less frequently than once a year (5.8, 8.6) (4.8, 16.1) (5.3, 15

One time a year (15.2, 19.3) (19.1, 34.2) (20.5, 3

More than one time a year (0.1, 0.7) (**, **) (**, *

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive CVD 

screenings 

(58.3, 63.5) (43.4, 60.6) (35.1, 5

14. Do all drivers of vehicles responding to emergency calls 

receive driver training before being allowed to operate the vehicles? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 No (5.1, 8.0) (1.6, 7.8) (1.6, 11

Yes, they receive training required by the department (81.7, 86.0) (82.0, 92.9) (78.2, 9Yes, they receive training required by the state (23.3, 28.3) (18.9, 33.3) (14.6, 3

Yes, they receive optional training (11.8, 15.9) (5.9, 15.8) (8.3, 23

15. How often do drivers of your fire department vehicles 

receive refresher driver training to continue being allowed to drive the vehicles? Two or more times a year (12.2, 16.4) (9.0, 21.0) (7.6, 21

Once every year (37.5, 43.2) (34.9, 51.5) (26.8, 4

Less frequently than once a year (22.3, 27.3) (17.5, 32.5) (22.5, 4

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive 

continuing driver training. 

(18.4, 23.2) (13.0, 26.6) (12.2, 2

B-311 
B-312 Exhibit B-7b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Type of Fatality (

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

16. Does your fire department have a requirement regarding 

seat belt use in emergency vehicles? 

Yes 

(81.9, 86.3) (87.5, 96.6) (77.3, 9

No 

(13.7, 18.1) (3.4, 12.5) (7.8, 22

17. To what extent do you agree or disagree that your 

firefighters are able to fit comfortably in their seatbelts while wearing turnout gear in your emergency vehicles? 

Strongly disagree (5.5, 8.5) (2.7, 10.9) (3.1, 13

Disagree (15.8, 20.4) (14.5, 28.5) (7.8, 20

Neither agree nor disagree (28.2, 33.7) (21.2, 37.0) (21.5, 4

Agree (29.5, 34.9) (22.6, 37.8) (20.7, 3

Strongly agree (10.4, 14.2) (10.6, 22.7) (13.6, 3

18. About how often do you think your firefighters use their 

seatbelts when riding in the emergency vehicles? Never (4.2, 6.9) (0.4, 6.3) (0.9, 7

Some of the time (20.3, 25.3) (16.2, 30.0) (21.7, 4

About half the time (14.8, 19.4) (7.5, 19.1) (9.9, 25Most of the time (35.6, 41.3) (26.6, 42.6) (25.3, 4

Always (14.6, 18.7) (22.5, 38.3) (10.1, 2

21. How often is Incident Command established when 

responding to structure fires? Never (1.5, 3.5) (0.6, 10.1) (**, *Rarely (5.4, 8.5) (1.0, 6.7) (2.0, 10

About half the time (5.3, 8.4) (1.0, 7.5) (0.1, 4

Most of the time (25.0, 30.4) (11.8, 24.9) (12.3, 2

Always (53.7, 59.4) (66.4, 81.7) (65.3, 8
Exhibit B-7b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Type of Fatality (

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

22. What are the reasons why Incident Command is not 

always established by your fire department? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not usually big enough to require an Incident 

Commander 

(20.1, 25.1) (5.6, 16.2) (4.6, 17

Not enough firefighters available at the scene of the fire (18.8, 23.7) (8.8, 21.3) (6.2, 20

Other (5.0, 7.8) (2.1, 11.6) (2.7, 14

Does not apply. My department always assigns an Incident 

Commander for structure fires. 

(2.7, 4.9) (0.9, 6.3) (0.3, 5

 Legitimately Skipped Question (53.7, 59.5) (66.9, 82.1) (66.8, 8

23. When Incident Command is established for a structure 

fire, what are the Incident Commander’s responsibilities? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Conduct an initial assessment before the other firefighters begin 

entering the building 

(89.1, 92.6) (81.1, 94.4) (87.5, 9

Develop and coordinate the fire attack strategy (91.4, 94.5) (83.9, 95.8) (88.9, 9

Develop and initiate a risk management plan (49.4, 55.3) (54.3, 71.1) (54.4, 7

Document all assessments, plans and events related to the fire (36.0, 41.7) (35.2, 52.1) (32.8, 5Ensure that at least four (4) firefighters are on the scene before 

entering the building 

(65.7, 71.3) (61.9, 78.3) (58.8, 7

Establish a collapse zone around the building (46.1, 52.0) (47.0, 64.3) (43.0, 6

Establish Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) or Rapid Intervention 

Crew (RIC) 

(45.7, 51.3) (55.7, 72.8) (52.0, 7

Identify and implement a communication strategy (61.9, 67.5) (57.4, 74.0) (53.7, 7

Monitor location of all firefighters at the scene (73.6, 78.7) (72.1, 86.9) (76.6, 9

Other (7.6, 10.9) (9.0, 22.9) (3.6, 15

B-313 
B-314 Exhibit B-7b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Type of Fatality (

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

24. About how often does an Incident Commander assign an 

Incident Safety Officer when responding to structure fires? Never (11.4, 15.5) (3.1, 13.2) (3.2, 16

Some of the time (24.0, 29.2) (19.0, 33.6) (22.1, 4

About half the time (6.6, 9.9) (6.9, 18.2) (3.1, 14

Most of the time (27.2, 32.5) (19.5, 34.9) (17.8, 3Always (19.9, 24.9) (22.9, 38.2) (20.6, 3

25. What are the reasons why an Incident Commander does 

not always assign an Incident Safety Officer? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not big enough to require an Incident Safety Officer (29.5, 35.1) (14.9, 28.5) (9.3, 23

Not enough firefighters are available at the scene of the fire (48.7, 54.6) (34.3, 51.3) (42.4, 6

Other (11.3, 15.1) (13.7, 28.0) (10.1, 2

Does not apply. Our Incident Commanders always assign an 

Incident Safety Officer for structure fires. 

(1.4, 3.0) (0.6, 5.9) (0.3, 5

 Legitimately Skipped Question (20.3, 25.2) (23.1, 38.5) (20.8, 3

26. How often are Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) or Rapid 

Intervention Crews (RICs) available at structure fires? Never (26.7, 32.1) (11.2, 25.5) (8.9, 24

Some of the time (19.5, 24.3) (9.4, 22.2) (11.3, 2

About half the time (5.2, 8.0) (3.1, 11.3) (2.8, 13

Most of the time (20.2, 25.0) (20.0, 35.3) (12.6, 2

Always (17.8, 22.1) (27.6, 43.5) (31.5, 5

27. In what situations are RITs/RICs established? MARK ALL 

THAT APPLY. 

When the building has more than one story/floor (7.8, 11.2) (3.9, 13.2) (2.8, 12

When there are enough firefighters on and at the scene of the 

fire 

(29.6, 35.1) (24.3, 40.3) (17.6, 3

Whenever firefighters enter a burning building (23.9, 29.1) (16.9, 31.5) (15.4, 3

Other (3.8, 6.3) (3.0, 10.8) (1.1, 8

 Legitimately Skipped Question (46.4, 52.2) (43.4, 60.6) (47.3, 6
Exhibit B-7b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Type of Fatality (

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

28. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

use RITs/RICs in every structure fire? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

The structure fire may not be large enough to need an RIT/RIC (32.1, 37.8) (17.0, 31.7) (16.9, 3

We don’t have enough equipment, SCBAs, or turnout gear to 

establish an RIT/RIC 

(7.2, 10.8) (0.8, 8.0) (1.3, 9

We don’t have enough firefighters available at the scene of the 

fire 

(50.6, 56.5) (36.6, 53.7) (26.2, 4

We don’t have enough training or trained personnel at the scene 

to establish an RIT/RIC 

(18.3, 23.2) (7.4, 19.5) (8.2, 24

We have never established an RIT/RIC (15.5, 20.1) (4.3, 14.8) (5.6, 20

We use other fire departments in the area for RITs/RICs (26.6, 32.0) (17.5, 32.3) (10.7, 2

We use other safety practices and so we don’t need them (3.1, 5.7) (0.2, 3.9) (0.4, 7

Other (3.1, 5.4) (3.9, 16.4) (2.5, 10

 Legitimately Skipped Question (18.1, 22.6) (28.0, 44.0) (31.6, 5

29. Does your fire department have enough Personal Alert 

Safety System (PASS) devices for all firefighters for use when fighting structure fires? 

Yes 

(76.2, 81.1) (75.9, 90.2) (77.5, 9

No 

(18.9, 23.8) (9.8, 24.1) (6.2, 22

30. About how often do you think your firefighters wear their 

PASS devices when fighting structure fires? Never (4.9, 8.0) (4.4, 17.2) (2.6, 17Some of the time (2.9, 5.3) (0.1, 6.1) (**, *

About half the time (1.2, 2.8) (0.4, 6.2) (0.1, 6

Most of the time (10.9, 15.0) (4.1, 13.2) (5.5, 20

Always (72.5, 77.6) (72.7, 87.5) (70.3, 8

B-315 
B-316 Exhibit B-7b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Type of Fatality (

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

31. Why do you think your firefighters do not use their PASS 

devices more often? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. They don’t have a PASS device to use (11.2, 15.4) (5.8, 18.2) (5.4, 21

Situation doesn’t require them (7.9, 11.4) (3.3, 13.9) (3.1, 15

Firefighters think the devices do not always work reliably (0.1, 1.0) (**, **) (0.3, 6

Firefighters don’t think they need them (3.5, 5.9) (0.4, 6.5) (0.3, 13

Devices go off while firefighters are resting (2.7, 4.9) (0.6, 6.5) (0.5, 12

 Legitimately Skipped Question (72.9, 78.0) (75.0, 89.0) (70.3, 8

32. Does your department have Self Contained Breathing 

Apparatuses (SCBA) for your firefighters to use when combating structure fires? 

Yes 

(98.4, 99.6) (87.1, 98.4) (0.0, 10

No 

(0.4, 1.6) (1.6, 12.9) (**, *

33. Do your firefighters ever have to share facepieces for 

SCBAs? 

Yes 

(46.7, 52.7) (38.2, 55.6) (32.9, 5

No 

(46.5, 52.5) (39.7, 56.9) (45.8, 6

 Legitimately Skipped Question (0.4, 1.6) (1.7, 13.5) (**, *33a. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

have personally-fitted SCBA facepieces for all of your firefighters? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Didn’t know it was recommended (3.5, 6.3) (0.7, 6.9) (0.2, 9

Firefighters don’t like using the equipment (0.1, 0.9) (**, **) (**, *

Have never needed them (e.g., we don’t do interior attacks) (0.3, 1.5) (**, **) (0.2, 11They cost too much, there is not enough money in the budget (29.0, 34.7) (24.7, 41.2) (12.4, 3We don’t have enough equipment for all of our firefighters (22.0, 27.3) (15.8, 31.1) (15.3, 3

Shared systems work fine for our needs (20.9, 26.2) (13.5, 27.8) (15.1, 3

Other (3.8, 6.5) (5.3, 15.2) (2.1, 13

 Legitimately Skipped Question (47.4, 53.3) (44.9, 62.3) (46.7, 6
Exhibit B-7b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Type of Fatality (

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

34. About how often do you think your firefighters use SCBAs 

while fighting structure fires? Never (0.6, 2.2) (**, **) (**, *Some of the time (3.6, 6.2) (1.5, 10.3) (1.3, 14

About half the time (1.8, 3.9) (**, **) (**, *

Most of the time (22.0, 27.2) (12.0, 25.2) (12.1, 2Always (63.3, 68.9) (64.7, 80.8) (65.8, 8

 Legitimately Skipped Question (0.4, 1.6) (1.7, 13.3) (**, *35. Why do you think your firefighters do not use SCBAs more 

often when fighting structure fires? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Situation doesn’t require them 

Firefighters do not trust that the SCBAs will work reliably 

Firefighters don’t think they need them 

Firefighters don’t like sharing facepieces with others Firefighters are concerned that the SCBA may be or become 

contaminated 

Wearing SCBAs makes it more difficult to work 

Firefighters don’t have SCBAs to use 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 

(23.3, 28.6) 

(**, **) 

(8.6, 12.3) 

(0.5, 1.8) 

(**, **) 

(4.6, 7.5) 

(2.8, 5.4) 

(64.9, 70.5) 

(12.3, 26.0) 

(**, **) 

(3.5, 12.1) 

(0.2, 8.4) 

(**, **) 

(3.1, 12.5) 

(**, **) 

(70.3, 84.7) 

(10.4, 2

(**, *

(6.5, 20

(**, *

(**, *

(4.0, 17

(**, *

(65.4, 8

36. How often is routine maintenance performed on your 

SCBAs? After every time they are used Once a month or more Several times a year Once a year Less than once a year 

Never. Maintenance has not been done on our SCBAs. Does not apply. My department does not have SCBAs. 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 

(39.7, 46.3) 

(16.5, 21.7) 

(12.8, 17.5) 

(14.1, 19.1) 

(3.1, 5.9) 

(0.8, 2.5) 

(**, **) 

(0.5, 2.0) 

(44.8, 63.4) 

(12.6, 27.3) 

(3.3, 14.0) (6.8, 19.3) 

(0.3, 5.8) 

(0.2, 7.9) 

(**, **) 

(1.9, 15.2) 

(47.5, 7

(6.1, 21

(5.7, 20

(8.4, 25

(0.2, 11

(0.1, 7

(**, *

(**, *

B-317 
B-318 Exhibit B-7b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Type of Fatality (

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

37. How many Chemical/Biological/Radiological/Nuclear 

(CBRN) SCBAs are available (or on order) for use by firefighters within your department at this time? Greater than zero (15.5, 19.8) (20.7, 35.6) (21.7, 4

Zero (80.2, 84.5) (64.4, 79.3) (60.0, 7

37a. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

have CBRN SCBAs? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

CBRN SCBA devices are not needed in our department (18.5, 23.6) (8.1, 23.1) (7.9, 23

We didn’t know they were available (12.9, 17.5) (4.6, 15.3) (3.1, 14

We don’t have adequate technical information to purchase them (17.3, 22.3) (10.1, 24.9) (4.5, 16

We don’t have adequate funding to purchase them (57.2, 63.2) (42.4, 60.7) (39.9, 6

Other (3.7, 6.4) (5.5, 17.7) (6.4, 20

 Legitimately Skipped Question (16.2, 20.6) (22.7, 38.9) (22.8, 4

38. Does your fire department have Automated External 

Defibrillators (AEDs)?

 Yes (74.8, 79.9) (76.9, 90.5) (79.6, 9

No 

(20.1, 25.2) (9.5, 23.1) (5.8, 20

38a. At your fire department, where do you have AEDs? 

At the fire station(s) (1.9, 4.1) (2.1, 14.8) (0.2, 10On the emergency vehicles (or apparatus) (58.9, 64.9) (57.1, 75.0) (63.9, 8

Both at the fire station(s) and on the vehicles (or apparatus) (8.7, 12.3) (6.2, 17.1) (5.0, 17

 Legitimately Skipped Question (22.2, 27.7) (10.8, 25.9) (7.1, 2439. How often has routine maintenance, including 

replacement of battery packs, been performed on your AEDs? After every time they are used (11.7, 16.4) (11.0, 24.5) (14.9, 3

Once a month or more (22.6, 28.5) (18.0, 34.4) (10.2, 2

Several times a year (18.0, 23.4) (15.2, 31.7) (9.0, 25

Once a year (19.6, 25.3) (16.9, 34.2) (26.9, 4

Less frequently than once a year (5.8, 9.5) (2.1, 10.4) (0.7, 8

Never. Maintenance on our AEDs has not been done. (8.4, 12.8) (2.9, 13.1) (1.7, 13
Exhibit B-7b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Type of Fatality (

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

40. About how often do your firefighters carry radios or other 

two-way communication devices while responding to structure fires? Never (1.0, 2.6) (0.1, 6.7) (**, *

Some of the time (3.6, 6.1) (1.1, 7.9) (1.2, 11About half the time (1.8, 3.8) (**, **) (0.1, 3Most of the time (18.3, 23.1) (11.4, 24.9) (19.0, 3

Always (67.7, 73.0) (70.7, 85.2) (57.7, 7

41. Some radios and other two-way communication devices 

can have problems under field conditions, such as bleedover, interference, or loss of communication. About how often do your communication devices have these or other problems? Never (15.9, 20.4) (5.9, 15.5) (10.9, 2

Some of the time (61.6, 67.3) (64.1, 79.3) (59.8, 7

About half the time (8.6, 12.2) (5.8, 16.9) (3.9, 16

Most of the time (4.2, 6.9) (4.0, 13.4) (1.3, 11Always (1.1, 2.9) (0.1, 3.8) (**, *

42. How would you rate your department’s budget in the 

following areas? 

42a. Equipment 

Not adequate (45.7, 51.6) (45.6, 62.4) (37.3, 5Adequate (42.8, 48.6) (32.8, 49.2) (37.8, 5

More than adequate (4.5, 7.2) (2.5, 10.4) (1.8, 12

B-319 
B-320 Exhibit B-7b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Type of Fatality (

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

42b. Training 

Not adequate (36.3, 42.0) (30.4, 47.2) (33.2, 5Adequate (52.7, 58.6) (46.6, 63.7) (43.4, 6

More than adequate 

42c. Personnel 

(4.0, 6.8) (3.2, 11.8) (1.5, 7

Not adequate (48.5, 54.5) (51.5, 68.3) (42.6, 6Adequate (41.3, 47.3) (28.7, 45.3) (34.8, 5

More than adequate (3.1, 5.7) (1.3, 7.7) (0.8, 6

43. How often have you seen NIOSH reports that describe 

recent firefighter fatalities and make recommendations for avoiding similar incidents? Please refer to the insert sheet included with this survey for examples of NIOSH firefighter safety reports. Never (24.2, 29.5) (6.3, 17.4) (5.0, 16

One or two times per year (31.6, 37.2) (20.9, 36.1) (30.6, 5

Several times per year (30.5, 35.9) (40.6, 57.4) (32.0, 5

Once a month or more (4.5, 7.2) (8.2, 18.4) (4.5, 16

44. How does your department receive the NIOSH Fire Fighter 

Fatality Investigation reports? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

By mail (53.1, 58.9) (57.4, 74.0) (56.0, 7

On the Internet (22.4, 27.1) (34.4, 51.1) (31.9, 5

From colleagues in other departments (8.3, 11.8) (5.0, 13.8) (10.8, 2

At conferences or other meetings (5.7, 8.5) (9.0, 22.1) (5.9, 17

 Legitimately Skipped Question (24.2, 29.5) (6.2, 17.2) (5.0, 16

45. Have you read part or all of a NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation report in the last 12 months?

 Yes (50.4, 56.2) (61.7, 77.5) (67.9, 8

No 

(17.8, 22.5) (13.2, 27.4) (6.9, 22

 Legitimately Skipped Question (24.1, 29.4) (6.2, 17.1) (5.0, 17
Exhibit B-7b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Type of Fatality (

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

50. Does the fire department disseminate the information it 

receives from NIOSH to the firefighters? 

Yes 

(57.7, 63.5) (70.8, 84.8) (73.6, 8

No 

(10.2, 14.1) (6.6, 16.7) (3.7, 15

 Legitimately Skipped Question (24.7, 30.0) (6.4, 17.7) (5.0, 17

50a. How is this information disseminated to firefighters? 

MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Regular staff meetings (21.1, 26.1) (12.7, 25.4) (21.5, 4

Training sessions (41.3, 47.2) (46.5, 63.6) (49.0, 6

Provide copies of NIOSH reports to firefighters (14.2, 18.3) (20.2, 34.9) (17.7, 3

Provide copies of NIOSH report summaries to firefighters (5.0, 7.7) (6.2, 18.8) (8.2, 22

Provide summaries prepared by department to firefighters (1.2, 2.7) (0.6, 5.4) (2.7, 13

Postings on bulletin boards (35.6, 41.3) (38.0, 55.1) (40.9, 6Post report on the department website (0.7, 1.8) (0.3, 4.5) (1.5, 8

Send message to firefighters by email (4.3, 6.5) (9.8, 22.6) (6.1, 19

Other (0.8, 2.0) (1.7, 7.7) (0.9, 9

 Legitimately Skipped Question (36.2, 42.0) (15.1, 28.9) (10.8, 2

51. The NIOSH reports sometimes reference other documents, 

such as guidelines or more detailed technical reports. Does your fire department usually have access to documents that are referenced in NIOSH reports? 

Yes 

(31.6, 36.9) (42.1, 59.4) (41.8, 6

No 

(35.5, 41.3) (30.2, 47.2) (28.3, 4

 Legitimately Skipped Question (24.8, 30.2) (6.4, 17.7) (5.1, 17

B-321 
B-322 Exhibit B-7b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Type of Fatality (

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

52. NIOSH reports always include recommendations that are 

designed to help improve the health and safety of firefighters. How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about the NIOSH recommendations: 

52a. Recommendations are practical 

Strongly Disagree (0.2, 1.1) (0.3, 4.7) (0.5, 4

Disagree (2.6, 4.8) (2.2, 9.3) (1.8, 10

Neither Agree nor Disagree (16.5, 21.2) (17.3, 32.7) (12.7, 3Agree (42.7, 48.6) (45.8, 62.8) (49.9, 7

Strongly Agree (2.7, 5.0) (2.3, 10.1) (1.5, 9

 Legitimately Skipped Question 52b. Recommendations are easy to understand 

(25.3, 30.8) (6.4, 17.6) (5.2, 17

Strongly Disagree (0.2, 1.0) (0.1, 3.6) (0.2, 3

Disagree (1.1, 2.6) (0.6, 5.6) (0.8, 8

Neither Agree nor Disagree (17.5, 22.3) (12.0, 26.0) (11.0, 2Agree (42.4, 48.4) (51.9, 69.0) (54.8, 7

Strongly Agree (3.5, 6.1) (4.3, 13.7) (1.2, 7

 Legitimately Skipped Question 52c. Recommendations are specific and concrete 

(25.4, 30.9) (6.6, 18.2) (5.2, 17

Strongly Disagree (0.2, 1.0) (0.1, 3.5) (0.2, 3

Disagree (2.3, 4.4) (3.8, 11.8) (1.0, 8

Neither Agree nor Disagree (24.0, 29.4) (19.2, 34.7) (18.8, 3Agree (35.0, 40.8) (39.1, 56.6) (43.5, 6

Strongly Agree (2.8, 5.2) (4.3, 13.7) (1.9, 11

 Legitimately Skipped Question (25.4, 30.8) (6.5, 17.9) (5.2, 17
Exhibit B-7b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates by Type of Fatality (

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

53. What other NIOSH materials have you seen? MARK ALL 

THAT APPLY. Pocket guide to chemical hazards (54.4, 60.4) (56.8, 73.3) (58.8, 7

Respirator maintenance program guide (11.9, 15.9) (17.5, 32.4) (9.9, 25

CDs of firefighter program materials (25.4, 30.7) (31.3, 47.3) (28.9, 4

Alerts (29.1, 34.5) (40.0, 57.2) (31.1, 5

Hazard IDs (14.5, 19.0) (12.4, 25.1) (15.7, 3Workplace Solutions (10.7, 14.6) (9.7, 21.7) (12.2, 2

Other (0.4, 1.4) (0.3, 4.3) (**, *

None. I have not seen any NIOSH materials. (22.6, 27.9) (7.6, 19.2) (6.7, 22

53a. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with these NIOSH 

materials? Very dissatisfied (0.8, 2.2) (0.4, 5.9) (0.3, 6

Dissatisfied (0.0, 0.7) (0.1, 3.8) (**, *

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied (18.8, 23.8) (11.4, 25.1) (9.5, 27

Satisfied (44.1, 50.1) (51.1, 67.8) (50.3, 7

Very satisfied (4.0, 6.7) (5.6, 15.7) (3.7, 16

 Legitimately Skipped Question (22.4, 27.7) (7.0, 18.3) (6.8, 22

54. Have you ever visited the NIOSH website at 

www.cdc.gov/niosh/firehome.html? 

No 

(56.5, 62.2) (22.4, 37.9) (32.5, 5

Yes, in the last year (31.9, 37.3) (50.2, 67.0) (40.4, 6

Yes, longer than one year ago (4.9, 7.6) (7.0, 18.5) (2.9, 16

Note: Traumatic includes those fatalities considered both “Traumatic” and “Cardiovascular.” Estimates are generated from the 2006 Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation, Fire DepartmeEstimates within each column from the “Mark all that Apply” questions will not sum to 100. Estimates within each column from the oth

sum to 100 due to rounding. 

The digits in square brackets beside an estimate [#] indicate the estimate is significantly different at the 95% confidence level from th

in column #. A plus sign within the square brackets [+] indicates the estimate has low precision. 

** Estimate is less than 0.1 and therefore rounds to zero. 

B-323 
B-324 Exhibit B-7c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Type of Fatality 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

1. Does your department have a Safety Officer? Yes No 

1,587 1,587 

146 146 

112 112 

2. Does your department have a Training Officer? Yes No 

1,600 1,600 

146 146 

111 111 

3. Some fire departments use Standard Operating 

Procedures (SOPs) or Standard Operating Guidelines (SOGs) to describe how certain situations should be approached. For which of the following does your department have SOPs/SOGs in place? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Incident Command Systems 1,600 144 113 

Maintenance of SCBAs 1,600 144 113 

Motor vehicle safety 1,600 144 113 Participation in a personal physical fitness program 1,600 144 113 

Participation in regular health screenings for cardiovascular 

disease (CVD) 

1,600 144 113 

Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs), also known as Rapid 

Intervention Crews (RICs) or Firefighter Assistance and Search Teams (FAST) 

1,600 144 113 

Use of Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) devices 1,600 144 113 

Use of personal protective equipment and protective clothing 1,600 144 113 

Use of radio communications 1,600 144 113 

Other 

1,600 144 113 

Does not apply. Our fire department does not use SOPs/SOGs. 1,600 144 113 
Exhibit B-7c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Type of Fatality (continued) 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

4. Do your firefighters receive training on any of the topics 

listed below? If so, is training optional or required? 

4a. Fighting structure fires No Training 1,607 145 113  Optional Training 1,607 145 113  Required Training 4b. Driving safety 

1,607 145 113 

 No Training 1,598 144 113  Optional Training 1,598 144 113  Required Training 4c. Incident Command systems 

1,598 144 113 

 No Training 1,584 144 111  Optional Training 1,584 144 111  Required Training 4d. Maintenance of Self-Contained Breathing Apparatuses 

(SCBAs) 

1,584 144 111 

 No Training 1,581 143 111  Optional Training 1,581 143 111  Required Training 4e. Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) 

1,581 143 111 

 No Training 1,511 141 104  Optional Training 1,511 141 104  Required Training 1,511 141 104 

B-325 
B-326 Exhibit B-7c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Type of Fatality (continued) 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

4f. Use of personal protective equipment and/or protective 

clothing 

 No Training 1,611 146 113  Optional Training 1,611 146 113  Required Training 4g. Use of radio communication devices

1,611 146 113 

 No Training 1,606 146 112  Optional Training 1,606 146 112  Required Training 1,606 146 112 

5. Who provides training to your firefighters? MARK ALL 

THAT APPLY. Our department’s Training Officer 1,611 145 113 Other officers within our department 1,611 145 113 

State fire training agency 1,611 145 113 

United States Fire Administration’s (USFA) National Fire Academy 

in Emmitsburg, MD 

1,611 145 113 

Conferences or regional meetings 1,611 145 113 

Other 

1,611 145 113 

6. What other trainings have your firefighters attended in 

the last 12 months? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Roadside incidents/Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVA) 1,622 147 115 

 Scuba diving 1,622 147 115 

Swift water rescue 1,622 147 115 

 Wildland fire fighting 1,622 147 115 

 HAZMAT 1,622 147 115 

Other 

1,622 147 115 
Exhibit B-7c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Type of Fatality (continued) 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

8. How familiar are you with the National Institute for 

Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)? Not at all familiar 1,610 145 114 Not very familiar 1,610 145 114 

 Somewhat familiar 1,610 145 114  Very familiar 1,610 145 114 9. How familiar are you with NIOSH’s Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP)? Not at all familiar 1,611 146 113 Not very familiar 1,611 146 113 

 Somewhat familiar 1,611 146 113  Very familiar 1,611 146 113 10. How does your department receive information about 

NIOSH’s firefighter safety and health recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 NIOSH mailings 1,609 146 114 

National conference presentations 1,609 146 114 

State-level conference presentations 1,609 146 114 

Other firefighters or departments 1,609 146 114 

At seminars or other training opportunities (not conferences) 1,609 146 114 

Trade publications (such as Firehouse and Fire Engineering) 1,609 146 114 

 NIOSH website 1,609 146 114 

Links from other websites (such as NFPA and Firehouse) 1,609 146 114 

Media reports—newspaper, television, radio 1,609 146 114 

Other 

1,609 146 114 

Does not apply. We have not received information about NIOSH 

recommendations. 

1,609 146 114 

B-327 
B-328 Exhibit B-7c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Type of Fatality (continued) 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

11. In what ways has your department used NIOSH 

recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Made changes to training program 1,536 140 108 

Developed new SOPs/SOGs 1,536 140 108 Made changes to SOPs/SOGs 1,536 140 108 Justified current budget/staffing 1,536 140 108 

Made new budget/staffing requests 1,536 140 108 

Justified grant applications 1,536 140 108 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations. 1,536 140 108 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,536 140 108 11b. Can you identify topics of NIOSH recommendations that 

you have used for training purposes? If so, MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 Traffic hazards 1,530 139 107 

Personal protective equipment and clothing 1,530 139 107 

SCBA 

1,530 139 107 

 PASS systems 1,530 139 107 

Incident Command systems 1,530 139 107 

 Radio communications 1,530 139 107 

Physical fitness and cardiovascular disease (CVD) 1,530 139 107 Building code compliance (e.g., warning against the use of 

wooden trusses) 

1,530 139 107 

Other 

1,530 139 107 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations for 

training purposes. 

1,530 139 107 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,530 139 107 
Exhibit B-7c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Type of Fatality (continued) 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

12. Does your department have a fitness training that 

involves physical exercise and/or other health promotion activities (for example a cardiovascular fitness program, physical training program, wellness program, or other 

fitness program)? 

No 

1,596 144 111 

Yes, it’s required 1,596 144 111 

Yes, it’s optional 1,596 144 111 

13. How often do your firefighters receive screenings for 

cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors? 

One time, when they first join the department 1,582 143 112 

Less frequently than once a year 1,582 143 112 

One time a year 1,582 143 112 

More than one time a year 1,582 143 112 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive CVD 

screenings 

1,582 143 112 

14. Do all drivers of vehicles responding to emergency calls 

receive driver training before being allowed to operate the vehicles? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 No 1,616 147 113 

Yes, they receive training required by the department 1,616 147 113 

Yes, they receive training required by the state 1,616 147 113 

Yes, they receive optional training 1,616 147 113 

15. How often do drivers of your fire department vehicles 

receive refresher driver training to continue being allowed to drive the vehicles? Two or more times a year 1,611 147 111 

Once every year 1,611 147 111 

Less frequently than once a year 1,611 147 111 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive 

continuing driver training. 

1,611 147 111 

B-329 
B-330 Exhibit B-7c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Type of Fatality (continued) 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

16. Does your fire department have a requirement regarding 

seat belt use in emergency vehicles? 

Yes 

1,613 147 112 

No 

1,613 147 112 

17. To what extent do you agree or disagree that your 

firefighters are able to fit comfortably in their seatbelts while wearing turnout gear in your emergency vehicles? 

 Strongly disagree 1,603 145 111 

 Disagree 1,603 145 111 

Neither agree nor disagree 1,603 145 111 

 Agree 1,603 145 111  Strongly agree 1,603 145 111 18. About how often do you think your firefighters use their 

seatbelts when riding in the emergency vehicles? 

Never 

1,616 147 114 

Some of the time 1,616 147 114 

About half the time 1,616 147 114 Most of the time 1,616 147 114 

Always 

1,616 147 114 

21. How often is Incident Command established when 

responding to structure fires? 

Never 

1,604 145 114 

 Rarely 1,604 145 114 

About half the time 1,604 145 114 

Most of the time 1,604 145 114 

Always 

1,604 145 114 
Exhibit B-7c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Type of Fatality (continued) 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

22. What are the reasons why Incident Command is not 

always established by your fire department? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not usually big enough to require an Incident 

Commander 

1,600 144 112 

Not enough firefighters available at the scene of the fire 1,600 144 112 

Other 

1,600 144 112 

Does not apply. My department always assigns an Incident 

Commander for structure fires. 

1,600 144 112 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,600 144 112 23. When Incident Command is established for a structure 

fire, what are the Incident Commander’s responsibilities? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Conduct an initial assessment before the other firefighters begin 

entering the building 

1,588 144 113 

Develop and coordinate the fire attack strategy 1,588 144 113 Develop and initiate a risk management plan 1,588 144 113 

Document all assessments, plans and events related to the fire 1,588 144 113 

Ensure that at least four (4) firefighters are on the scene before 

entering the building 

1,588 144 113 

Establish a collapse zone around the building 1,588 144 113 Establish Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) or Rapid Intervention 

Crew (RIC) 

1,588 144 113 

Identify and implement a communication strategy 1,588 144 113 Monitor location of all firefighters at the scene 1,588 144 113 

Other 

1,588 144 113 

B-331 
B-332 Exhibit B-7c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Type of Fatality (continued) 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

24. About how often does an Incident Commander assign an 

Incident Safety Officer when responding to structure fires?

 Never 1,605 144 114 

Some of the time 1,605 144 114 

About half the time 1,605 144 114 Most of the time 1,605 144 114 

Always 

1,605 144 114 

25. What are the reasons why an Incident Commander does 

not always assign an Incident Safety Officer? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not big enough to require an Incident Safety Officer 1,588 143 113 

Not enough firefighters are available at the scene of the fire 1,588 143 113 

Other 

1,588 143 113 

Does not apply. Our Incident Commanders always assign an 

Incident Safety Officer for structure fires. 

1,588 143 113 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,588 143 113 26. How often are Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) or Rapid 

Intervention Crews (RICs) available at structure fires?

 Never 1,602 142 113 

Some of the time 1,602 142 113 

About half the time 1,602 142 113 Most of the time 1,602 142 113 

Always 

1,602 142 113 

27. In what situations are RITs/RICs established? MARK ALL 

THAT APPLY. 

When the building has more than one story/floor 1,600 143 111 

When there are enough firefighters on and at the scene of the 

fire 

1,600 143 111 

Whenever firefighters enter a burning building 1,600 143 111 

Other 

1,600 143 111 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,600 143 111 
Exhibit B-7c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Type of Fatality (continued) 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

28. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

use RITs/RICs in every structure fire? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

The structure fire may not be large enough to need an RIT/RIC 1,575 141 112 

We don’t have enough equipment, SCBAs, or turnout gear to 

establish an RIT/RIC 

1,575 141 112 

We don’t have enough firefighters available at the scene of the 

fire 

1,575 141 112 

We don’t have enough training or trained personnel at the scene 

to establish an RIT/RIC 

1,575 141 112 

We have never established an RIT/RIC 1,575 141 112 

We use other fire departments in the area for RITs/RICs 1,575 141 112 

We use other safety practices and so we don’t need them 1,575 141 112 

Other 

1,575 141 112 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,575 141 112 29. Does your fire department have enough Personal Alert 

Safety System (PASS) devices for all firefighters for use when fighting structure fires? 

Yes 

1,606 144 113 

No 

1,606 144 113 

30. About how often do you think your firefighters wear their 

PASS devices when fighting structure fires? 

Never 

1,600 143 112 

Some of the time 1,600 143 112 

About half the time 1,600 143 112 Most of the time 1,600 143 112 

Always 

1,600 143 112 

B-333 
B-334 Exhibit B-7c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Type of Fatality (continued) 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

31. Why do you think your firefighters do not use their PASS 

devices more often? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. They don’t have a PASS device to use 1,590 141 112 

Situation doesn’t require them 1,590 141 112 

Firefighters think the devices do not always work reliably 1,590 141 112 

Firefighters don’t think they need them 1,590 141 112 

Devices go off while firefighters are resting 1,590 141 112 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,590 141 112 32. Does your department have Self Contained Breathing 

Apparatuses (SCBA) for your firefighters to use when combating structure fires? 

Yes 

1,606 144 113 

No 

1,606 144 113 

33. Do your firefighters ever have to share facepieces for 

SCBAs? 

Yes 

1,521 137 103 

No 

1,521 137 103 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,521 137 103 33a. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

have personally-fitted SCBA facepieces for all of your firefighters? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Didn’t know it was recommended 1,517 136 101 

Firefighters don’t like using the equipment 1,517 136 101 

Have never needed them (e.g., we don’t do interior attacks) 1,517 136 101 

They cost too much, there is not enough money in the budget 1,517 136 101 

We don’t have enough equipment for all of our firefighters 1,517 136 101 

Shared systems work fine for our needs 1,517 136 101 

Other 

1,517 136 101 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,517 136 101 
Exhibit B-7c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Type of Fatality (continued) 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

34. About how often do you think your firefighters use SCBAs 

while fighting structure fires?

 Never 1,536 140 105 

Some of the time 1,536 140 105 

About half the time 1,536 140 105 Most of the time 1,536 140 105 

Always 

1,536 140 105 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,536 140 105 35. Why do you think your firefighters do not use SCBAs more 

often when fighting structure fires? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Situation doesn’t require them 1,525 140 106 

Firefighters do not trust that the SCBAs will work reliably 1,525 140 106 

Firefighters don’t think they need them 1,525 140 106 

Firefighters don’t like sharing facepieces with others 1,525 140 106 

Firefighters are concerned that the SCBA may be or become 

contaminated 

1,525 140 106 

Wearing SCBAs makes it more difficult to work 1,525 140 106 

Firefighters don’t have SCBAs to use 1,525 140 106 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,525 140 106 36. How often is routine maintenance performed on your 

SCBAs? After every time they are used 1,270 120 87 

Once a month or more 1,270 120 87 

Several times a year 1,270 120 87 Once a year 1,270 120 87 Less than once a year 1,270 120 87 

Never. Maintenance has not been done on our SCBAs. 1,270 120 87 

Does not apply. My department does not have SCBAs. 1,270 120 87 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,270 120 87 

B-335 
B-336 Exhibit B-7c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Type of Fatality (continued) 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

37. How many Chemical/Biological/Radiological/Nuclear 

(CBRN) SCBAs are available (or on order) for use by firefighters within your department at this time?

 Greater than zero 1,518 137 110 

Zero 

1,518 137 110 

37a. What are the reasons why your fire department does not 

have CBRN SCBAs? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

CBRN SCBA devices are not needed in our department 1,454 125 108 

We didn’t know they were available 1,454 125 108 

We don’t have adequate technical information to purchase them 1,454 125 108 

We don’t have adequate funding to purchase them 1,454 125 108 

Other 

1,454 125 108 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,454 125 108 38. Does your fire department have Automated External 

Defibrillators (AEDs)?

 Yes 1,610 147 113 No 

1,610 147 113 

38a. At your fire department, where do you have AEDs? 

At the fire station(s) 1,424 129 94 On the emergency vehicles (or apparatus) 1,424 129 94 

Both at the fire station(s) and on the vehicles (or apparatus) 1,424 129 94 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,424 129 94 

39. How often has routine maintenance, including 

replacement of battery packs, been performed on your AEDs? After every time they are used 1,235 115 97 

Once a month or more 1,235 115 97 

Several times a year 1,235 115 97 Once a year 1,235 115 97 Less frequently than once a year 1,235 115 97 

Never. Maintenance on our AEDs has not been done. 1,235 115 97 
Exhibit B-7c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Type of Fatality (continued) 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

40. About how often do your firefighters carry radios or other 

two-way communication devices while responding to structure fires? 

Never 

1,610 144 114 

Some of the time 1,610 144 114 

About half the time 1,610 144 114 Most of the time 1,610 144 114 

Always 

1,610 144 114 

41. Some radios and other two-way communication devices 

can have problems under field conditions, such as bleedover, interference, or loss of communication. About how often do your communication devices have these or other problems? 

Never 

1,612 147 115 

Some of the time 1,612 147 115 

About half the time 1,612 147 115 Most of the time 1,612 147 115 

Always 

1,612 147 115 

42. How would you rate your department’s budget in the 

following areas? 

42a. Equipment  Not adequate 1,608 145 115 

 Adequate 1,608 145 115 

More than adequate 1,608 145 115 

B-337 
B-338 Exhibit B-7c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Type of Fatality (continued) 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

42b. Training  Not adequate 1,608 145 115 

 Adequate 1,608 145 115 

More than adequate 

42c. Personnel 

1,608 145 115 

 Not adequate 1,551 140 114 

 Adequate 1,551 140 114 

More than adequate 1,551 140 114 

43. How often have you seen NIOSH reports that describe 

recent firefighter fatalities and make recommendations for avoiding similar incidents? Please refer to the insert sheet included with this survey for examples of NIOSH firefighter safety reports. 

Never 

1,605 145 114 

One or two times per year 1,605 145 114 

Several times per year 1,605 145 114 

Once a month or more 1,605 145 114 

44. How does your department receive the NIOSH Fire Fighter 

Fatality Investigation reports? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.

 By mail 1,605 146 114 

On the Internet 1,605 146 114 From colleagues in other departments 1,605 146 114 

At conferences or other meetings 1,605 146 114 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,605 146 114 45. Have you read part or all of a NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation report in the last 12 months?

 Yes 1,611 147 113 No 

1,611 147 113 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,611 147 113 
Exhibit B-7c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Type of Fatality (continued) 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

50. Does the fire department disseminate the information it 

receives from NIOSH to the firefighters? 

Yes 

1,583 143 113 

No 

1,583 143 113 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,583 143 113 50a. How is this information disseminated to firefighters? 

MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Regular staff meetings 1,585 144 112 

 Training sessions 1,585 144 112 

Provide copies of NIOSH reports to firefighters 1,585 144 112 

Provide copies of NIOSH report summaries to firefighters 1,585 144 112 Provide summaries prepared by department to firefighters 1,585 144 112 

Postings on bulletin boards 1,585 144 112 Post report on the department website 1,585 144 112 

Send message to firefighters by email 1,585 144 112 

Other 

1,585 144 112 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,585 144 112 51. The NIOSH reports sometimes reference other documents, 

such as guidelines or more detailed technical reports. Does your fire department usually have access to documents that are referenced in NIOSH reports? 

Yes 

1,564 142 110 

No 

1,564 142 110 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,564 142 110 

B-339 
B-340 Exhibit B-7c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Type of Fatality (continued) 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

52. NIOSH reports always include recommendations that are 

designed to help improve the health and safety of firefighters. How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about the NIOSH recommendations: 

52a. Recommendations are practical  Strongly Disagree 1,547 142 111  Disagree 1,547 142 111 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 1,547 142 111 

 Agree 1,547 142 111  Strongly Agree 1,547 142 111  Legitimately Skipped Question 52b. Recommendations are easy to understand 

1,547 142 111 

 Strongly Disagree 1,537 138 110  Disagree 1,537 138 110 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 1,537 138 110 

 Agree 1,537 138 110  Strongly Agree 1,537 138 110  Legitimately Skipped Question 52c. Recommendations are specific and concrete 

1,537 138 110 

 Strongly Disagree 1,537 139 109  Disagree 1,537 139 109 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 1,537 139 109 

 Agree 1,537 139 109  Strongly Agree 1,537 139 109  Legitimately Skipped Question 1,537 139 109 
Exhibit B-7c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes by Type of Fatality (continued) 

Question 

Type of Fatality 

Total Traumatic Cardiovas

53. What other NIOSH materials have you seen? MARK ALL 

THAT APPLY. Pocket guide to chemical hazards 1,537 142 109 

Respirator maintenance program guide 1,537 142 109 

CDs of firefighter program materials 1,537 142 109 

 Alerts 1,537 142 109  Hazard IDs 1,537 142 109  Workplace Solutions 1,537 142 109 Other 

1,537 142 109 

None. I have not seen any NIOSH materials. 1,537 142 109 

53a. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with these NIOSH 

materials? 

 Very dissatisfied 1,536 144 107  Dissatisfied 1,536 144 107 

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied 1,536 144 107 

 Satisfied 1,536 144 107 

 Very satisfied 1,536 144 107 

 Legitimately Skipped Question 1,536 144 107 54. Have you ever visited the NIOSH website at 

www.cdc.gov/niosh/firehome.html? 

No 

1,589 145 113 

Yes, in the last year 1,589 145 113 

Yes, longer than one year ago 1,589 145 113 

Note: Traumatic includes those fatalities considered both “Traumatic” and “Cardiovascular.” Estimates are generated from the 2006 Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation, Fire DepartmeEstimates within each column from the “Mark all that Apply” questions will not sum to 100. Estimates within each column from the oth

sum to 100 due to rounding. 

The digits in square brackets beside an estimate [#] indicate the estimate is significantly different at the 95% confidence level from th

in column #. A plus sign within the square brackets [+] indicates the estimate has low precision. 

** Estimate is less than 0.1 and therefore rounds to zero. 

B-341 
B-342 Exhibit B-8a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates from Main Study and Nonrespon

Question Main Study Nonresponse Follow-up Study 

1. Does your department have a Safety Officer? Yes No 

70.3 29.7 

80.2 19.8 

1a. What kind of a position does your Safety Officer have within 

your department? Full-time paid position 8.3 11.4 [+] 

Part-time paid position 2.1 1.3 [+] 

 Volunteer position 56.6 62.3 

Other 

3.0 5.2 

 Legitimate Skip 29.9 19.8 9. How familiar are you with NIOSH’s Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP)? Not at all familiar 20.8 16.5 Not very familiar 33.5 24.1 

 Somewhat familiar 37.9 [2] 56.3 [1,3] 

 Very familiar 7.8 [2,3] 3.2 [1,3] 

11. In what ways has your department used NIOSH 

recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Made changes to training program 40.2 46.0 Developed new SOPs/SOGs 26.3 36.3 

Made changes to SOPs/SOGs 34.9 43.1 Justified current budget/staffing 5.0 10.8 

Made new budget/staffing requests 5.5 [2,3] 31.6 [1,3] 

Justified grant applications 15.5 [2,3] 37.2 [1,3] 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations. 30.1 35.6 
Exhibit B-8a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates from Main Study and Nonrespon

(continued) 

Question Main Study 

Nonresponse 

Follow-up Study 

11b. Can you identify topics of NIOSH recommendations that you 

have used for training purposes? If so, MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

 Traffic hazards 29.3 31.5 

Personal protective equipment and clothing 41.6 30.5 

 SCBA 40.1 39.2  PASS systems 32.6 47.6 

Incident Command systems 32.1 30.9 

 Radio communications 23.0 26.7 

Physical fitness and cardiovascular disease (CVD) 8.5 12.5 Building code compliance (e.g., warning against the use of wooden 

trusses) 

6.9 [2] 27.0 [1,3] 

Other 

2.3 5.3 [+] 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations for 

training purposes. 

1.9 4.9 [+] 

Legitimate Skip 41.9 36.0 

13. How often do your firefighters receive screenings for 

cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors? 

One time, when they first join the department 14.5 20.3 

Less frequently than once a year 7.1 [2,3] 20.5 [1,3] 

One time a year 17.1 27.2 

More than one time a year 0.3 7.6 [+] 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive CVD screenings 60.9 [2,3] 24.4 [1,3] 

18. About how often do you think your firefighters use their 

seatbelts when riding in the emergency vehicles? 

Never 

5.4 6.0 [+] 

Some of the time 22.7 16.4 About half the time 17.0 11.2 [+] 

Most of the time 38.4 [2,3] 18.1 [1,3] 

Always 

16.5 [2,3] 48.4 [1,3] 

B-343 
B-344 Exhibit B-8a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates from Main Study and Nonrespon

(continued) 

Question Main Study 

Nonresponse 

Follow-up Study 

21. How often is Incident Command established when responding 

to structure fires? 

Never 

2.3 [2,3] 0.5 [1,3,+] 

 Rarely 6.8 3.6 [+] 

About half the time 6.7 9.1 [+] 

Most of the time 27.6 [2,3] 9.4 [1,3] 

Always 

56.6 [2,3] 77.5 [1,3] 

24. About how often does an Incident Commander assign an 

Incident Safety Officer when responding to structure fires?

 Never 13.3 9.3 

Some of the time 26.5 [2,3] 11.4 [1,3] 

About half the time 8.1 [2,3] 3.0 [1,3,+] Most of the time 29.8 29.7 

 Always 22.3 [2,3] 46.6 [1,3] 

32. Does your department have Self Contained Breathing 

Apparatuses (SCBA) for your firefighters to use when combating structure fires? 

Yes 

99.2 97.2 

 No 0.8 2.8 [+] 

33. Do your firefighters ever have to share facepieces for SCBAs? 

Yes 

49.7 37.7 

 No 49.5 59.5 

Legitimate Skip 0.8 2.8 [+] 

45. Have you read part or all of a NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation report in the last 12 months?

 Yes 53.3 51.1  No 20.0 [2,3] 48.9 [1,3] 

Legitimate Skip 26.6 [2,3] ** [1,3] 
Exhibit B-8a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates from Main Study and Nonrespon

(continued) 

Question Main Study 

Nonresponse 

Follow-up Study 

47. Overall, how would you rate the amount of detail in the NIOSH 

reports? Tool little detail 2.2 4.5 [+] 

About the right amount of detail 67.5 [2,3] 42.9 [1,3] 

Too much detail 2.8 2.5 [+] 

Legitimate Skip 27.5 [2,3] 50.0 [1,3] 

50. Does the fire department disseminate the information it 

receives from NIOSH to the firefighters? 

Yes 

60.7 45.4 

 No 12.1 [2] 4.5 [1,3,+] 

Legitimate Skip 27.3 [2,3] 50.0 [1,3] 

50a. How is this information disseminated to firefighters? MARK ALL 

THAT APPLY. Regular staff meetings 23.5 16.5 

 Training sessions 44.2 30.3 

Provide copies of NIOSH reports to firefighters 16.2 13.6 [+] 

Provide copies of NIOSH report summaries to firefighters 6.2 11.5 [+] 

Provide summaries prepared by department to firefighters 1.8 9.5 [+] 

Postings on bulletin boards 38.5 32.7 

Post report on the department website 1.1 0.8 [+] 

Send message to firefighters by email 5.3 4.3 

 Other 1.3 15.7 

Legitimate Skip 39.1 54.6 

B-345 
B-346 Exhibit B-8a. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates from Main Study and Nonrespon

(continued) 

Question Main Study 

Nonresponse 

Follow-up Study 

52. NIOSH reports always include recommendations that are 

designed to help improve the health and safety of firefighters. 

How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about the NIOSH recommendations: 

52a. Recommendations are practical  Strongly Disagree 0.5 [2,3] ** [1,3] 

 Disagree 3.6 3.7 [+] 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 18.7 [2,3] 4.0 [1,3,+] 

 Agree 45.6 [2,3] 26.0 [1,3]  Strongly Agree 3.7 16.3 

Legitimate Skip 

52b. Recommendations are easy to understand 

28.0 [2,3] 50.0 [1,3] 

 Strongly Disagree 0.4 [2,3] ** [1,3]  Disagree 1.7 [2,3] ** [1,3] 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 19.8 [2,3] 7.5 [1,3,+] 

 Agree 45.4 [2,3] 28.3 [1,3]  Strongly Agree 4.6 14.1 [+] 

Legitimate Skip 

52c. Recommendations are specific and concrete 

28.1 [2,3] 50.0 [1,3] 

 Strongly Disagree 0.4 [2,3] ** [1,3]  Disagree 3.2 12.8 [+] 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 26.6 [2] 14.0 [1,3] 

 Agree 37.9 [2,3] 14.2 [1,3] 

Strongly Agree 3.8 8.9 [+] 

Legitimate Skip 28.0 [2,3] 50.0 [1,3] 

Note: Estimates are generated from the 2006 Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation, Fire DepEstimates within each column from the “Mark all that Apply” questions will not sum to 100. Estimates within each column from the oth

sum to 100 due to rounding. 

The digits in square brackets beside an estimate [#] indicate the estimate is significantly different at the 95% confidence level from th

in column #. A plus sign within the square brackets [+] indicates the estimate has low precision. 

** Estimate is less than 0.1 and therefore rounds to zero. 
Exhibit B-8b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates from Main Study an

Follow-up Study 

Question Main Study 

Nonresponse 

Follow-up Study Tot

1. Does your department have a Safety Officer? Yes No 

(67.5, 72.9) (27.1, 32.5) 

(65.0, 89.9) (10.1, 35.0) 

(68.2, (26.3, 

1a. What kind of a position does your Safety Officer have 

within your department? Full-time paid position (7.3, 9.5) (3.9, 28.8) (7.3, 1

Part-time paid position (1.5, 3.0) (0.4, 3.6) (1.4, 

Volunteer position (53.8, 59.4) (45.4, 76.6) (54.2, 

Other (2.3, 4.0) (2.2, 11.8) (2.5, 

 Legitimate Skip (27.2, 32.7) (10.1, 35.0) (26.5, 9. How familiar are you with NIOSH’s Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP)? Not at all familiar (18.4, 23.3) (8.1, 30.5) (18.1, 

Not very familiar (30.8, 36.4) (13.2, 39.8) (30.1, 

Somewhat familiar (35.1, 40.7) (39.5, 71.7) (36.3, 

Very familiar (6.5, 9.4) (1.5, 6.8) (6.2, 

11. In what ways has your department used NIOSH 

recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Made changes to training program (37.3, 43.1) (29.4, 63.4) (37.7, 

Developed new SOPs/SOGs (23.8, 29.0) (21.1, 54.7) (24.4, Made changes to SOPs/SOGs (32.2, 37.7) (26.8, 61.0) (32.7, 

Justified current budget/staffing (4.0, 6.3) (4.9, 21.9) (4.4, 

Made new budget/staffing requests (4.4, 6.8) (16.9, 51.2) (5.7, 

Justified grant applications (13.5, 17.8) (21.7, 55.9) (14.9, 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations. (27.3, 32.9) (21.0, 53.6) (27.7, 

B-347 
B-348 Exhibit B-8b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates from Main Study an

Follow-up Study (continued) 

Question Main Study 

Nonresponse 

Follow-up Study Tot

11b. Can you identify topics of NIOSH recommendations that 

you have used for training purposes? If so, MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Traffic hazards (26.7, 32.1) (17.2, 50.4) (26.7, 

Personal protective equipment and clothing (38.7, 44.5) (17.0, 48.3) (37.8, 

SCBA (37.2, 43.0) (23.8, 57.2) (37.1, PASS systems (29.9, 35.5) (30.7, 65.0) (30.9, Incident Command systems (29.4, 34.9) (17.3, 49.0) (29.2, 

Radio communications (20.7, 25.6) (14.2, 44.6) (20.9, 

Physical fitness and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (7.1, 10.2) (4.6, 29.9) (7.3, 1Building code compliance (e.g., warning against the use of 

wooden trusses) 

(5.6, 8.5) (13.0, 47.9) (6.6, 1

Other (1.6, 3.4) (1.3, 19.0) (1.7, 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations for 

training purposes. 

(1.3, 2.9) (1.1, 19.4) (1.4, 

 Legitimate Skip (38.9, 44.8) (21.2, 54.1) (38.4, 13. How often do your firefighters receive screenings for 

cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors? 

One time, when they first join the department (12.7, 16.6) (9.3, 38.7) (13.0, 

Less frequently than once a year (5.8, 8.6) (10.5, 36.2) (6.6, 

One time a year (15.2, 19.3) (15.1, 44.0) (15.8, More than one time a year (0.1, 0.7) (1.6, 30.0) (0.3, 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive CVD 

screenings 

(58.3, 63.5) (12.2, 42.8) (55.3, 

18. About how often do you think your firefighters use their 

seatbelts when riding in the emergency vehicles? Never (4.2, 6.9) (1.5, 21.3) (4.2, 

Some of the time (20.3, 25.3) (7.9, 31.0) (19.9, 

About half the time (14.8, 19.4) (3.8, 28.7) (14.4, Most of the time (35.6, 41.3) (9.8, 30.9) (34.1, Always (14.6, 18.7) (31.4, 65.8) (16.4, 
Exhibit B-8b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates from Main Study an

Follow-up Study (continued) 

Question Main Study 

Nonresponse 

Follow-up Study Tot

21. How often is Incident Command established when 

responding to structure fires? Never (1.5, 3.5) (0.1, 3.5) (1.4, 

Rarely (5.4, 8.5) (0.8, 14.3) (5.2, 

About half the time (5.3, 8.4) (3.3, 23.0) (5.5, 

Most of the time (25.0, 30.4) (3.5, 22.7) (23.8, Always (53.7, 59.4) (61.8, 88.0) (55.1, 

24. About how often does an Incident Commander assign an 

Incident Safety Officer when responding to structure fires? Never (11.4, 15.5) (3.4, 23.0) (11.1, 

Some of the time (24.0, 29.2) (4.9, 24.2) (22.9, 

About half the time (6.6, 9.9) (0.9, 9.2) (6.3, 

Most of the time (27.2, 32.5) (15.9, 48.6) (27.1, Always (19.9, 24.9) (30.1, 63.8) (21.5, 

32. Does your department have Self Contained Breathing 

Apparatuses (SCBA) for your firefighters to use when combating structure fires? 

Yes 

(98.4, 99.6) (87.1, 99.4) (98.2, 

No 

(0.4, 1.6) (0.6, 12.9) (0.5, 

33. Do your firefighters ever have to share facepieces for 

SCBAs? 

Yes 

(46.7, 52.7) (22.6, 55.6) (45.7, 

No 

(46.5, 52.5) (41.8, 75.0) (47.2, 

 Legitimate Skip (0.4, 1.6) (0.6, 12.9) (0.5, 

45. Have you read part or all of a NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation report in the last 12 months?

 Yes (50.4, 56.2) (34.1, 67.7) (50.2, No 

(17.8, 22.5) (32.3, 65.9) (19.7, 

 Legitimate Skip (24.1, 29.4) (**, **) (22.2, 

B-349 
B-350 Exhibit B-8b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates from Main Study an

Follow-up Study (continued) 

Question Main Study 

Nonresponse 

Follow-up Study Tot

47. Overall, how would you rate the amount of detail in the 

NIOSH reports? Tool little detail (1.5, 3.2) (0.9, 19.9) (1.6, 

About the right amount of detail (64.6, 70.3) (26.6, 61.0) (62.7, 

Too much detail (2.0, 3.9) (0.8, 8.1) (2.0, 

 Legitimate Skip (24.9, 30.3) (33.0, 67.1) (26.4, 50. Does the fire department disseminate the information it 

receives from NIOSH to the firefighters? 

Yes 

(57.7, 63.5) (28.8, 63.1) (56.5, 

No 

(10.2, 14.1) (0.9, 19.6) (9.7, 1

 Legitimate Skip (24.7, 30.1) (33.0, 67.1) (26.2, 50a. How is this information disseminated to firefighters? 

MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Regular staff meetings (21.1, 26.1) (6.4, 36.5) (20.5, 

Training sessions (41.3, 47.2) (16.6, 48.8) (40.2, 

Provide copies of NIOSH reports to firefighters (14.2, 18.3) (4.6, 34.0) (14.0, 

Provide copies of NIOSH report summaries to firefighters (5.0, 7.7) (3.2, 33.8) (5.1, Provide summaries prepared by department to firefighters (1.2, 2.7) (2.0, 34.7) (1.4, 

Postings on bulletin boards (35.6, 41.3) (17.7, 52.2) (35.1, 

Post report on the department website (0.7, 1.8) (0.1, 5.0) (0.7, 

Send message to firefighters by email (4.3, 6.5) (2.1, 8.3) (4.3, 

Other (0.8, 2.0) (5.7, 36.5) (1.3, 

 Legitimate Skip (36.2, 42.0) (36.9, 71.2) (37.3, 
Exhibit B-8b. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Confidence Interval Estimates from Main Study an

Follow-up Study (continued) 

Question Main Study 

Nonresponse 

Follow-up Study Tot

52. NIOSH reports always include recommendations that are 

designed to help improve the health and safety of firefighters. How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about the NIOSH recommendations: 

52a. Recommendations are practical 

Strongly Disagree (0.2, 1.1) (**, **) (0.2, 

Disagree (2.6, 4.8) (0.5, 21.4) (2.6, 

Neither Agree nor Disagree (16.5, 21.2) (0.7, 20.6) (15.4, Agree (42.7, 48.6) (13.9, 43.3) (41.2, 

Strongly Agree (2.7, 5.0) (6.0, 37.2) (3.3, 

 Legitimate Skip 52b. Recommendations are easy to understand 

(25.3, 30.8) (33.0, 67.1) (26.8, 

Strongly Disagree (0.2, 1.0) (**, **) (0.2, 

Disagree (1.1, 2.6) (**, **) (1.0, Neither Agree nor Disagree (17.5, 22.3) (1.9, 24.8) (16.6, 

Agree (42.4, 48.4) (15.7, 45.5) (41.1, 

Strongly Agree (3.5, 6.1) (4.6, 36.2) (3.9, 

 Legitimate Skip 52c. Recommendations are specific and concrete 

(25.4, 30.9) (33.0, 67.1) (26.9, 

Strongly Disagree (0.2, 1.0) (**, **) (0.2, 

Disagree (2.3, 4.4) (4.1, 33.5) (2.7, 

Neither Agree nor Disagree (24.0, 29.4) (5.7, 30.4) (23.1, Agree (35.0, 40.8) (7.5, 25.2) (33.3, 

Strongly Agree (2.8, 5.2) (1.7, 35.2) (2.9, 

 Legitimate Skip (25.4, 30.8) (33.0, 67.1) (26.9, 

Note: Estimates are generated from the 2006 Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation, Fire DepEstimates within each column from the “Mark all that Apply” questions will not sum to 100. Estimates within each column from the oth

sum to 100 due to rounding. 

The digits in square brackets beside an estimate [#] indicate the estimate is significantly different at the 95% confidence level from th

in column #. A plus sign within the square brackets [+] indicates the estimate has low precision. 

** Estimate is less than 0.1 and therefore rounds to zero. 

B-351 
B-352 Exhibit B-8c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes from Main Study and Nonresponse Fo

Question Main Study Nonresp

Follow-up 

1. Does your department have a Safety Officer? Yes No 

1,587 1,587 

129 129 

1a. What kind of a position does your Safety Officer have within your 

department? Full-time paid position 1,572 127 

Part-time paid position 1,572 127 

 Volunteer position 1,572 127 Other 

1,572 127 

Legitimate Skip 1,572 127 

9. How familiar are you with NIOSH’s Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation 

and Prevention Program (FFFIPP)? Not at all familiar 1,611 129 Not very familiar 1,611 129 

 Somewhat familiar 1,611 129  Very familiar 1,611 129 11. In what ways has your department used NIOSH recommendations? 

MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Made changes to training program 1,536 127 

Developed new SOPs/SOGs 1,536 127 Made changes to SOPs/SOGs 1,536 127 

Justified current budget/staffing 1,536 127 

Made new budget/staffing requests 1,536 127 

Justified grant applications 1,536 127 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations. 1,536 127 
Exhibit B-8c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes from Main Study and Nonresponse Fo

(continued) 

Question Main Study 

Nonresp

Follow-up 

11b. Can you identify topics of NIOSH recommendations that you have used 

for training purposes? If so, MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

 Traffic hazards 1,530 126 

Personal protective equipment and clothing 1,530 126 

SCBA 

1,530 126 

 PASS systems 1,530 126 

Incident Command systems 1,530 126 

 Radio communications 1,530 126 

Physical fitness and cardiovascular disease (CVD) 1,530 126 

Building code compliance (e.g., warning against the use of wooden trusses) 1,530 126 

Other 

1,530 126 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH recommendations for training 

purposes. 

1,530 126 

 Legitimate Skip 1,530 126 13. How often do your firefighters receive screenings for cardiovascular 

disease (CVD) and its risk factors? 

One time, when they first join the department 1,582 129 

Less frequently than once a year 1,582 129 

One time a year 1,582 129 More than one time a year 1,582 129 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required to receive CVD screenings 1,582 129 

18. About how often do you think your firefighters use their seatbelts 

when riding in the emergency vehicles? 

Never 

1,616 128 

Some of the time 1,616 128 About half the time 1,616 128 Most of the time 1,616 128 

Always 

1,616 128 

B-353 
B-354 Exhibit B-8c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes from Main Study and Nonresponse Fo

(continued) 

Question Main Study 

Nonresp

Follow-up 

21. How often is Incident Command established when responding to 

structure fires? 

Never 

1,604 128 

 Rarely 1,604 128 

About half the time 1,604 128 Most of the time 1,604 128 

Always 

1,604 128 

24. About how often does an Incident Commander assign an Incident 

Safety Officer when responding to structure fires? 

Never 

1,605 129 

Some of the time 1,605 129 About half the time 1,605 129 Most of the time 1,605 129 

Always 

1,605 129 

32. Does your department have Self Contained Breathing Apparatuses 

(SCBA) for your firefighters to use when combating structure fires? 

Yes 

1,606 129 

No 

1,606 129 

33. Do your firefighters ever have to share facepieces for SCBAs? Yes 

1,521 129 

No 

1,521 129 

 Legitimate Skip 1,521 129 45. Have you read part or all of a NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation 

report in the last 12 months?

 Yes 1,611 129 No 

1,611 129 

 Legitimate Skip 1,611 129 
Exhibit B-8c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes from Main Study and Nonresponse Fo

(continued) 

Question Main Study 

Nonresp

Follow-up 

47. Overall, how would you rate the amount of detail in the NIOSH 

reports? Tool little detail 1,566 128 About the right amount of detail 1,566 128 

Too much detail 1,566 128 

 Legitimate Skip 1,566 128 50. Does the fire department disseminate the information it receives from 

NIOSH to the firefighters?

 Yes 1,583 128 No 

1,583 128 

 Legitimate Skip 1,583 128 50a. How is this information disseminated to firefighters? MARK ALL THAT 

APPLY. Regular staff meetings 1,585 128 

 Training sessions 1,585 128 

Provide copies of NIOSH reports to firefighters 1,585 128 

Provide copies of NIOSH report summaries to firefighters 1,585 128 

Provide summaries prepared by department to firefighters 1,585 128 

Postings on bulletin boards 1,585 128 

Post report on the department website 1,585 128 

Send message to firefighters by email 1,585 128 

Other 

1,585 128 

Legitimate Skip 1,585 128 

B-355 
B-356 Exhibit B-8c. Results from the Fire Department Survey, Sample Sizes from Main Study and Nonresponse Fo

(continued) 

Question Main Study 

Nonresp

Follow-up 

52. NIOSH reports always include recommendations that are designed to 

help improve the health and safety of firefighters. How much do you 

agree or disagree with the following statements about the NIOSH recommendations: 

52a. Recommendations are practical  Strongly Disagree 1,547 128 

 Disagree 1,547 128 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 1,547 128 

 Agree 1,547 128  Strongly Agree 1,547 128 

Legitimate Skip 

52b. Recommendations are easy to understand 

1,547 128 

 Strongly Disagree 1,537 128  Disagree 1,537 128 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 1,537 128 

 Agree 1,537 128 

Strongly Agree 1,537 128 

 Legitimate Skip 52c. Recommendations are specific and concrete 

1,537 128 

 Strongly Disagree 1,537 128  Disagree 1,537 128 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 1,537 128 

 Agree 1,537 128  Strongly Agree 1,537 128 

Legitimate Skip 1,537 128 

Note: Estimates are generated from the 2006 Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation, Fire DepEstimates within each column from the “Mark all that Apply” questions will not sum to 100. Estimates within each column from the oth

sum to 100 due to rounding. 

The digits in square brackets beside an estimate [#] indicate the estimate is significantly different at the 95% confidence level from th

in column #. A plus sign within the square brackets [+] indicates the estimate has low precision. 

** Estimate is less than 0.1 and therefore rounds to zero. 
C

Additional Analysis 

Tables: FirefighterLevel Analysis and 

Logistic Regression 

Models 

Firefighter-Level Analysis 

Table 15.1 Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Census Region 

Fire Fighter-Level Estimates 

Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South Midwes

1. Does your department have a Safety 

Officer? 

Yes 

79.0 80.7 [3] 82.7 [3] 68.1 [1,

 No 21.0 19.3 [3] 17.3 [3] 31.9 [1,2. Does your department have a Training 

Officer? 

Yes 

93.3 90.9 [2] 96.1 [1,3] 91.5 [2] 

No 

6.7 9.1 [2] 3.9 [1,3] 8.5 [2] 

3. Some fire departments use Standard 

Operating Procedures (SOPs) or Standard Operating Guidelines (SOGs) to describe how certain situations should be approached. For which of the following does your department have SOPs/SOGs in place? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Incident Command Systems 89.6 91.0 [3] 92.3 [3] 83.4 [1,

 Maintenance of SCBAs 76.8 83.4 [2,3] 74.4 [1] 73.0 [1] 

Motor vehicle safety Participation in a personal physical fitness 

83.9 85.3 [3] 84.6 [3,4] 76.4 [1,

program 

Participation in regular health screenings for 

24.3 13.3 [2,4] 29.6 [1,3,4] 14.0 [2,

cardiovascular disease (CVD) 

Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs), also known 

as Rapid Intervention Crews (RICs) or Firefighter Assistance and Search Teams 

33.5 39.7 [3] 32.2 22.3 [1,

(FAST) 

Use of Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) 

58.8 63.9 [3] 58.6 [3,4] 45.7 [1,

devices 

Use of personal protective equipment and 

81.5 87.6 [2,3] 79.0 [1] 78.8 [1] 

protective clothing 93.1 95.4 [3] 93.9 [3] 88.2 [1,

Use of radio communications 88.9 92.5 [3] 89.8 [3] 80.9 [1,

 Other 

Does not apply. Our fire department does not 

10.7 15.5 [2,3] 8.2 [1] 8.0 [1] 

use SOPs/SOGs. 2.6 0.7 [3,+] 2.3 [3] 5.2 [1,

Page 1 of 57 
Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South Midwes

4. Do your firefighters receive training on any 

of the topics listed below? If so, is training optional or required? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

4a. Fighting structure fires  No Training 1.2 0.4 [+] 0.9 0.3 [+] 

 Optional Training 11.1 9.3 [3] 9.4 [3] 17.0 [1, Required Training 4b. Driving safety 

88.1 90.6 [3] 90.1 [3] 83.2 [1,

 No Training 2.3 1.0 [3,+] 0.9 [3] 5.5 [1, Optional Training 12.9 14.9 [4] 10.0 [3] 18.9 [2,

 Required Training 4c. Incident Command systems 

85.0 84.2 [3] 89.2 [3] 75.8 [1,

 No Training 1.5 0.4 [3,+] 1.5 3.3 [1, Optional Training 19.2 22.6 [4] 15.7 [3] 24.9 [2, Required Training 4d. Maintenance of Self-Contained Breathing 

Apparatuses (SCBAs) 

79.4 77.0 [4] 82.8 [3] 72.3 [2,

 No Training 5.1 2.4 [4] 5.7 4.3  Optional Training 27.6 25.1 [3,4] 29.1 [4] 35.7 [1, Required Training 4e. Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) 

67.7 72.5 [3] 65.3 60.9 [1,

 No Training 17.3 12.3 [3] 16.6 [3] 26.2 [1, Optional Training 32.7 48.6 [2,3,4] 29.6 [1,4] 29.9 [1, Required Training 4f. Use of personal protective equipment 

and/or protective clothing 

50.3 39.7 [2,4] 53.8 [1,4] 44.2 [4] 

 No Training 1.1 0.6 [+] 1.3 1.4  Optional Training 6.9 3.8 [3] 7.8 11.2 [1, Required Training 4g. Use of radio communication devices 

92.2 96.0 [3] 90.9 87.4 [1,

 No Training 2.3 2.8 [+] 1.7 3.3  Optional Training 15.6 14.0 [3,4] 16.8 [4] 21.4 [1, Required Training 82.4 83.4 [3,4] 82.2 [4] 75.3 [1,

Page 2 of 57 
Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South Midwes

5. Who provides training to your firefighters? 

MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Our department's Training Officer 90.4 87.8 92.4 88.9 

Other officers within our department 88.2 92.2 [2,3] 83.5 [1,4] 86.8 [1,

State fire training agency 

United States Fire Administration's (USFA) 

78.1 86.4 [3,4] 77.6 75.5 [1] 

National Fire Academy in Emmitsburg, MD 34.4 29.5 [2] 44.1 [1,3] 21.9 [2,

Conferences or regional meetings 60.7 54.3 [4] 59.9 [4] 60.8 [4] 

 Other 25.6 31.6 [3] 25.1 [3] 17.1 [1,6. What other trainings have your firefighters 

attended in the last 12 months? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Roadside incidents/Motor Vehicle Accidents 

(MVA) 57.7 64.4 [2] 51.8 [1,4] 55.2 

Scuba diving 11.9 9.7 15.1 11.7 

Swift water rescue 19.5 12.7 [2,4] 23.9 [1,3] 12.7 [2,

Wildland fire fighting 40.3 24.3 [2,3,4] 36.9 [1,4] 34.1 [1,

HAZMAT 74.3 73.9 75.0 67.8 [4] 

 Other 38.1 47.1 [3,4] 39.5 [3] 28.2 [1,8. How familiar are you with the National 

Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)? Not at all familiar 4.8 3.2 [3] 4.7 7.1 [1] 

Not very familiar 17.1 14.1 [3] 14.1 [3] 24.4 [1,

Somewhat familiar 58.1 58.0 60.6 57.2 

 Very familiar 20.0 24.7 [3] 20.6 11.3 [1,

9. How familiar are you with NIOSH's Fire 

Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP)? Not at all familiar 14.6 11.7 [3] 12.4 [3] 22.4 [1,

Not very familiar 27.2 28.6 27.2 29.5 

Somewhat familiar 41.3 42.5 43.1 38.4 

 Very familiar 16.9 17.2 17.3 9.8 [4] 

Page 3 of 57 
Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South Midwes

10. How does your department receive 

information about NIOSH's firefighter safety and health recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. NIOSH mailings 71.5 71.6 74.5 68.9 

National conference presentations 9.3 5.7 [2] 13.2 [1,3] 5.8 [2,

State-level conference presentations 15.5 13.3 18.2 14.1 

Other firefighters or departments 

At seminars or other training opportunities 

25.8 27.7 24.9 20.7 [4] 

(not conferences) 

Trade publications (such as Firehouse and 

21.4 23.3 24.1 16.4 

Fire Engineering) 55.5 54.6 57.4 49.3 [4] 

 NIOSH website 

Links from other websites (such as NFPA and 

40.9 41.0 [3] 43.0 [3] 30.1 [1,

Firehouse) 36.8 41.1 [3] 33.8 [4] 30.4 [1,

Media reports - newspaper, television, radio 15.9 22.7 [2] 12.1 [1] 14.9 

Other 

Does not apply. We have not received 

information about NIOSH 

2.7 1.1 [+] 4.6 [+] 0.8 

recommendations. 7.0 2.6 [2,3,4] 7.7 [1] 9.4 [1] 

11. In what ways has your department used 

NIOSH recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Made changes to training program 48.5 46.4 49.4 43.2 [4] 

Developed new SOPs/SOGs 35.3 34.8 37.3 29.7 

Made changes to SOPs/SOGs 45.6 46.5 44.8 40.7 [4] 

Justified current budget/staffing 10.6 6.4 15.3 7.8 

Made new budget/staffing requests 12.2 8.8 18.5 [3] 6.2 [2] 

Justified grant applications 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH 

19.7 19.5 21.5 18.4 

recommendations. 25.0 29.6 23.1 26.4 

Legitimately Skipped Question 7.3 2.8 [2,3] 8.0 [1] 9.8 [1] 

Page 4 of 57 
Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South Midwes

11b. Can you identify topics of NIOSH 

recommendations that you have used for training purposes? If so, MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Traffic hazards 35.3 31.4 36.8 31.9 [4] 

Personal protective equipment and clothing 49.6 52.8 49.7 45.3 

SCBA 49.7 50.6 50.6 46.0 PASS systems 40.4 42.8 42.3 35.5 

Incident Command systems 40.8 40.4 44.6 36.3 Radio communications 

Physical fitness and cardiovascular disease 

27.1 30.6 22.7 26.0 

(CVD) 

Building code compliance (e.g., warning 

15.9 10.4 [4] 18.7 13.2 

against the use of wooden trusses) 9.9 8.3 11.9 8.5 

Other 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH 

4.8 2.9 8.1 [+] 2.4 

recommendations for training purposes. 1.8 2.2 2.2 1.5 

Legitimately Skipped Question 32.5 32.5 31.1 36.3 

12. Does your department have a fitness 

training that involves physical exercise and/or other health promotion activities (for example a cardiovascular fitness program, physical training program, wellness program, or other fitness program)? 

No 

58.8 68.4 [2,4] 54.1 [1,3,4] 71.4 [2,

Yes, it's required 16.9 2.0 [2,3,4] 24.5 [1,3] 8.1 [1,

Yes, it's optional 24.3 29.6 21.4 20.4 

13. How often do your firefighters receive 

screenings for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors? 

One time, when they first join the department 14.5 18.1 [2] 9.4 [1,3] 18.4 [2] 

Less frequently than once a year 9.2 5.8 [3] 9.7 12.2 [1] One time a year 32.8 42.2 [3] 29.9 20.6 [1,

More than one time a year 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required 

0.4 ** 0.7 [+] 0.3 [+] 

to receive CVD screenings 43.2 33.9 [2,3] 50.3 [1,4] 48.4 [1,

Page 5 of 57 
Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South Midwes

14. Do all drivers of vehicles responding to 

emergency calls receive driver training before being allowed to operate the vehicles? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

No 

Yes, they receive training required by the 

4.1 0.6 [2,3,4,+] 2.2 [1,3] 10.4 [1,

department 

Yes, they receive training required by the 

88.9 94.3 [3,4] 91.7 [3] 80.1 [1,

state 28.3 19.0 [2,4] 34.2 [1] 24.6 [4] 

Yes, they receive optional training 13.6 13.8 14.2 13.2 

15. How often do drivers of your fire 

department vehicles receive refresher driver training to continue being allowed to drive the vehicles? Two or more times a year 12.1 13.6 12.2 9.9 

Once every year 43.6 46.3 43.6 44.3 

Less frequently than once a year 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required 

28.4 23.7 32.0 23.2 [4] 

to receive continuing driver training. 15.9 16.3 12.3 [3] 22.6 [2,

16. Does your fire department have a 

requirement regarding seat belt use in emergency vehicles? 

Yes 

89.2 87.0 [4] 92.0 [3,4] 82.4 [2,

 No 10.8 13.0 [4] 8.0 [3,4] 17.6 [2,17. To what extent do you agree or disagree 

that your firefighters are able to fit comfortably in their seatbelts while wearing turnout gear in your emergency vehicles? Strongly disagree 6.8 4.8 8.2 8.5 

Disagree 

19.5 25.9 [4] 19.0 [4] 19.2 [4] 

Neither agree nor disagree 25.2 27.2 23.9 28.5 [4] Agree 34.8 33.2 36.6 30.3 

 Strongly agree 13.7 8.9 [4] 12.3 [4] 13.5 [4] 

Page 6 of 57 
Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South Midwes

18. About how often do you think your 

firefighters use their seatbelts when riding in the emergency vehicles? 

Never 

3.6 4.9 [2] 1.4 [1,3] 6.5 [2,

Some of the time 22.3 32.8 [4] 21.2 [4] 24.6 [4] 

About half the time 16.5 20.0 [4] 17.9 [4] 16.3 [4] Most of the time 38.1 31.8 [4] 37.9 [4] 37.6 [4] 

 Always 19.6 10.5 [2,4] 21.6 [1,4] 14.9 [4] 21. How often is Incident Command 

established when responding to structure fires? 

Never 

1.3 1.0 [+] 1.3 0.8 

Rarely 

3.6 1.7 [3] 3.3 [3] 7.1 [1,

About half the time 4.0 2.5 [3] 2.9 [3] 6.7 [1,

Most of the time 20.3 19.8 [3,4] 19.7 [3,4] 28.8 [1,

 Always 70.8 75.1 [3] 72.8 [3,4] 56.5 [1,22. What are the reasons why Incident 

Command is not always established by your fire department? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not usually big enough to require an 

Incident Commander 

Not enough firefighters available at the scene 

15.1 11.2 [3] 15.6 [3,4] 22.3 [1,

of the fire 12.6 8.4 [3] 12.0 [3] 20.0 [1,

 Other 

Does not apply. My department always 

assigns an Incident Commander for 

4.7 5.7 [4] 3.9 6.6 [4] 

structure fires. 3.4 5.1 1.6 3.9 

Legitimately Skipped Question 70.8 75.0 [3] 72.5 [3,4] 56.7 [1,

Page 7 of 57 
Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South Midwes

23. When Incident Command is established for 

a structure fire, what are the Incident Commander's responsibilities? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Conduct an initial assessment before the other 

firefighters begin entering the building 

Develop and coordinate the fire attack 

91.2 95.3 [2] 89.3 [1] 91.8 

strategy 94.2 94.1 94.3 95.2 

Develop and initiate a risk management plan Document all assessments, plans and events 

63.6 64.3 [3] 66.9 [3] 54.3 [1,

related to the fire 

Ensure that at least four (4) firefighters are on 

42.2 40.1 [4] 39.7 [4] 37.5 [4] 

the scene before entering the building 70.4 63.0 [3] 71.4 75.5 [1] 

Establish a collapse zone around the building Establish Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) or 

53.9 60.9 [3] 49.9 51.0 [1] 

Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC) 

Identify and implement a communication 

64.6 73.0 [2,3] 61.6 [1,3,4] 52.3 [1,

strategy 

Monitor location of all firefighters at the 

67.5 69.1 63.9 67.6 

scene 77.2 65.1 [2,3,4] 82.7 [1] 79.4 [1] 

 Other 10.4 11.4 7.8 [4] 9.1 24. About how often does an Incident 

Commander assign an Incident Safety Officer when responding to structure fires? 

Never 

8.2 5.5 [3] 7.3 [3] 13.1 [1,

Some of the time 25.1 25.6 22.9 28.1 About half the time 8.0 5.1 9.1 7.6 Most of the time 31.6 29.0 34.7 29.9 

 Always 27.2 34.8 [3] 26.0 21.3 [1] 

Page 8 of 57 
Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South Midwes

25. What are the reasons why an Incident 

Commander does not always assign an Incident Safety Officer? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not big enough to require an Incident 

Safety Officer 

Not enough firefighters are available at the 

28.0 18.6 [2,3,4] 30.6 [1] 29.6 [1] 

scene of the fire 42.4 36.5 [3] 40.8 [3] 54.1 [1,

 Other 

Does not apply. Our Incident Commanders 

always assign an Incident Safety Officer for 

20.4 19.3 23.2 [3] 13.0 [2,

structure fires. 2.0 3.1 1.9 1.5 

Legitimately Skipped Question 27.5 36.0 [3] 26.0 21.6 [1] 

26. How often are Rapid Intervention Teams 

(RITs) or Rapid Intervention Crews (RICs) available at structure fires? 

Never 

17.6 7.0 [2,3] 19.5 [1,3] 29.7 [1,

Some of the time 16.3 16.3 15.2 20.4 [4] About half the time 5.5 3.8 4.8 6.9 

Most of the time 26.6 23.8 29.6 23.6 

 Always 34.0 49.2 [2,3] 30.9 [1,3] 19.5 [1,

27. In what situations are RITs/RICs 

established? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

When the building has more than one 

story/floor 

When there are enough firefighters on and at 

8.6 9.0 7.8 9.8 

the scene of the fire 

Whenever firefighters enter a burning 

28.7 21.4 [2,3] 31.2 [1] 32.3 [1] 

building 26.1 24.4 26.4 24.2 

Other 6.2 7.7 3.8 6.1 

Legitimately Skipped Question 51.7 56.6 50.5 49.1 

Page 9 of 57 
Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South Midwes

28. What are the reasons why your fire 

department does not use RITs/RICs in every structure fire? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

The structure fire may not be large enough to 

need an RIT/RIC 

We don't have enough equipment, SCBAs, or 

29.7 21.8 [3] 28.8 [3] 38.2 [1,

turnout gear to establish an RIT/RIC 

We don't have enough firefighters available at 

4.9 2.3 [2,3] 5.1 [1,3,4] 9.3 [1,

the scene of the fire 

We don't have enough training or trained 

personnel at the scene to establish an 

41.7 25.3 [2,3] 46.8 [1,3,4] 57.4 [1,

RIT/RIC 13.6 12.6 [3] 10.9 [3] 21.3 [1,

We have never established an RIT/RIC 

We use other fire departments in the area for 

10.6 7.7 [3,4] 10.2 [3,4] 19.7 [1,

RITs/RICs 

We use other safety practices and so we don't 

22.6 34.9 [2,4] 14.9 [1,3] 29.1 [2,

need them 2.6 1.2 [3] 3.1 4.1 [1,

Other 5.5 2.1 [4] 5.1 [4] 3.4 [4] Legitimately Skipped Question 34.4 49.8 [2,3] 31.4 [1,3] 19.9 [1,

29. Does your fire department have enough 

Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) devices for all firefighters for use when fighting structure fires? 

Yes No 

86.4 

13.6 

91.8 [2,3]

8.2 [2,3]

 84.8 [1] 15.2 [1]

 82.6 [1] 17.4 [1]

30. About how often do you think your 

firefighters wear their PASS devices when fighting structure fires? 

Never 

3.7 ** [2,3,4,+] 4.2 [1] 3.7 [1] 

Some of the time 2.5 1.3 [3,+] 2.9 4.9 [1,

About half the time 1.2 0.5 [3,+] 1.3 2.3 [1,

Most of the time 8.5 5.1 [2,3] 9.6 [1,4] 12.9 [1,

 Always 84.1 93.0 [2,3] 82.1 [1] 76.2 [1,

Page 10 of 57 
Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South Midwes

31. Why do you think your firefighters do not 

use their PASS devices more often? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. They don't have a PASS device to use 8.3 3.4 [2,3] 9.5 [1] 10.9 [1] 

Situation doesn't require them 

Firefighters think the devices do not always 

6.3 2.4 [2,3] 7.0 [1] 9.8 [1] 

work reliably 0.2 0.3 [+] ** 0.8 [+] 

Firefighters don't think they need them 3.2 3.2 3.5 4.1 [4] 

Devices go off while firefighters are resting 2.6 1.5 [3] 2.0 [3] 5.8 [1,

Legitimately Skipped Question 84.5 93.1 [2,3] 82.4 [1] 76.9 [1,

32. Does your department have Self Contained 

Breathing Apparatuses (SCBA) for your firefighters to use when combating structure fires? Yes 

No 

98.8 

1.2 

99.9 

0.1 [+]

99.9 

**

 [+]

99.7 

0.3

 [+]

33. Do your firefighters ever have to share 

facepieces for SCBAs? 

Yes 

40.2 45.6 [4] 39.2 [4] 45.2 [4] 

No 58.6 54.2 60.7 54.4 [4] Legitimately Skipped Question 1.2 0.1 [+] ** [+] 0.3 [+] 

33a. What are the reasons why your fire 

department does not have personally-fitted SCBA facepieces for all of your firefighters? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Didn't know it was recommended 3.1 2.5 [+] 3.3 4.2 

Firefighters don't like using the equipment 

Have never needed them (e.g., we don't do 

0.1   0.4 [+] 

interior attacks) 

They cost too much, there is not enough 

0.2 0.2 [+] 0.3 [+] 0.2 [+] 

money in the budget 

We don't have enough equipment for all of 

25.6 25.6 27.0 28.2 [4] 

our firefighters 17.9 12.8 [3] 18.9 25.0 [1,

Shared systems work fine for our needs 19.3 21.4 18.2 22.4 [4] Other 7.3 15.2 [3,4] 5.1 4.5 [1] Legitimately Skipped Question 59.8 54.5 [4] 60.5 [4] 54.9 [4] 

Page 11 of 57 
Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South Midwes

34. About how often do you think your 

firefighters use SCBAs while fighting structure fires? 

Never 

0.4 **  0.4 [+] 0.3 [+] 

Some of the time 2.3 0.5 [2,3,+] 2.4 [1] 4.9 [1,

About half the time 1.7 ** [2,3] 1.7 [1,3] 4.4 [1,Most of the time 22.5 22.9 23.9 23.4 

Always 72.0 76.4 71.5 66.7 Legitimately Skipped Question 1.2 0.1 [+] ** [+] 0.3 [+] 

35. Why do you think your firefighters do not 

use SCBAs more often when fighting structure fires? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Situation doesn't require them 

Firefighters do not trust that the SCBAs will 

work reliably 

Firefighters don't think they need them 

Firefighters don't like sharing facepieces with 

others 

Firefighters are concerned that the SCBA may 

be or become contaminated 

Wearing SCBAs makes it more difficult to 

work 

Firefighters don't have SCBAs to use Legitimately Skipped Question 

20.1 

** 

11.4 

0.5 

** 

4.4 

2.7 

73.9 

19.1 

** 

12.6 

** [3]

** 

2.5 [3]

1.7 [3]

77.4 

19.4 [3]

** 

12.2 

0.5

 [+]

** [+]

 4.3 3.1 

72.5 

26.4

 [2,

0.2 [+]

10.7 

1.1

 [1]

 ** 

7.0 [1]

4.3 [1,

67.8 [4]

36. How often is routine maintenance 

performed on your SCBAs? After every time they are used Once a month or more Several times a year Once a year Less than once a year 

Never. Maintenance has not been done on our 

SCBAs. 

Does not apply. My department does not have 

SCBAs. 

Legitimately Skipped Question 

46.6 

16.7 

14.3 

17.6 

2.6 0.8 

** 

1.5 

45.1 

23.0 [4]

17.5 

13.4 

0.7 [3,+]

** [2,3]

** 

0.2 [+]

46.6 

16.9

 [4]

10.5 [3]

23.4 [3]

 1.8 

0.8

 [1]

** 

0.1

 [+]

51.0 

16.0

 [4]

 17.3 [2] 10.3 [2,

3.9 [1]

 1.0 [1]

** 

0.4

 [+]

Page 12 of 57 
Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South Midwes

37. How many 

Chemical/Biological/Radiological/Nuclear (CBRN) SCBAs are available (or on order) for use by firefighters within your department at this time? Greater than zero 

Zero 

29.7 

70.3 

30.6 

69.4 

34.7 [4]

65.3 [4]

 26.0 74.0 

37a. What are the reasons why your fire 

department does not have CBRN SCBAs? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

CBRN SCBA devices are not needed in our 

department 16.6 14.2 15.5 18.0 

We didn't know they were available 

We don't have adequate technical information 

11.2 11.4 9.0 [3] 14.0 [2] 

to purchase them 

We don't have adequate funding to purchase 

15.4 18.6 [2] 8.8 [1,3,4] 19.4 [2] 

them 50.8 51.2 47.7 54.2 

Other 

7.1 4.5 [4] 8.2 4.9 [4] 

Legitimately Skipped Question 31.1 31.7 36.8 [4] 27.0 

38. Does your fire department have 

Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs)? Yes 85.3 83.7 86.3 84.3 

No 14.7 16.3 13.7 15.7 

38a. At your fire department, where do you 

have AEDs? At the fire station(s) 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.6 

On the emergency vehicles (or apparatus) 

Both at the fire station(s) and on the vehicles 

66.1 64.8 70.3 [4] 67.3 

(or apparatus) 14.8 14.3 11.8 [4] 13.1 [4] 

Legitimately Skipped Question 17.0 18.8 16.1 18.0 

Page 13 of 57 
Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South Midwes

39. How often has routine maintenance, 

including replacement of battery packs, been performed on your AEDs? After every time they are used 20.1 18.3 23.1 14.4 

Once a month or more 24.7 28.3 18.8 [3] 29.8 [2] 

Several times a year 19.4 17.4 18.9 20.5 

Once a year 23.1 20.0 27.1 21.4 Less frequently than once a year 

Never. Maintenance on our AEDs has not 

6.2 6.7 6.0 7.9 [4] 

been done. 6.5 9.2 [4] 6.2 6.0 

40. About how often do your firefighters carry 

radios or other two-way communication devices while responding to structure fires? 

Never 

1.5 3.1 0.8 [+] 1.5 

Some of the time 3.1 5.0 [2,4] 0.7 [1,3] 5.4 [2,

About half the time 1.6 1.1 [+] 1.8 2.0 

Most of the time 16.1 18.4 [4] 14.0 [3] 20.3 [2,

 Always 77.8 72.4 [2,4] 82.7 [1,3] 70.8 [2,41. Some radios and other two-way 

communication devices can have problems under field conditions, such as bleed-over, interference, or loss of communication. About how often do your communication devices have these or other problems? Never 14.5 12.7 15.0 18.3 [4] 

Some of the time 70.7 72.8 69.4 66.8 [4] About half the time 7.8 8.3 5.6 [3] 9.6 [2] 

Most of the time 5.7 3.7 8.9 [+] 4.4 

Always 1.3 2.4 1.0 0.9 

Page 14 of 57 
Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South Midwes

42. How would you rate your department's 

budget in the following areas? 

42a. Equipment  Not adequate 38.6 35.4 [3] 34.9 [3] 47.9 [1,

Adequate 

54.0 55.3 [3] 58.0 [3] 45.3 [1,

More than adequate 

42b. Training 

7.4 9.3 7.1 6.8 

 Not adequate 36.0 26.4 [2,3,4] 36.9 [1] 42.2 [1] 

 Adequate 56.4 63.2 [3] 56.0 52.1 [1] 

More than adequate 

42c. Personnel 

7.7 10.5 7.2 5.6 

 Not adequate 48.8 35.6 [2,4] 58.0 [1,3] 44.1 [2]  Adequate 46.2 59.0 [2,4] 36.6 [1,3] 50.4 [2] 

More than adequate 5.0 5.4 5.4 5.4 

43. How often have you seen NIOSH reports 

that describe recent firefighter fatalities and make recommendations for avoiding similar incidents? Please refer to the insert sheet included with this survey for examples of NIOSH firefighter safety reports. 

Never 

18.7 15.5 [3] 20.8 22.1 [1] 

One or two times per year 30.9 30.4 29.4 [3] 38.2 [2,

Several times per year 40.4 43.1 41.0 34.2 Once a month or more 10.0 11.0 8.8 5.6 [4] 

44. How does your department receive the 

NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation reports? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. By mail 55.8 56.9 52.7 59.4 

On the Internet 39.8 35.1 [4] 44.0 [3] 29.3 [2,

From colleagues in other departments 15.1 15.9 19.1 [3] 9.4 [2] 

At conferences or other meetings 10.8 8.0 11.3 10.3 

Legitimately Skipped Question 18.3 15.5 [3] 19.6 22.1 [1] 

Page 15 of 57 
Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South Midwes

45. Have you read part or all of a NIOSH Fire 

Fighter Fatality Investigation report in the last 12 months? Yes 64.8 63.2 66.4 58.7 [4] 

 No 16.9 21.2 [4] 14.1 19.1 

Legitimately Skipped Question 18.3 15.6 [3] 19.6 22.1 [1,

50. Does the fire department disseminate the 

information it receives from NIOSH to the firefighters?

 Yes 67.6 65.2 67.1 [4] 64.8 [4] 

No 13.5 19.1 12.0 12.6 Legitimately Skipped Question 18.9 15.7 [3] 20.8 22.6 [1,

50a. How is this information disseminated to 

firefighters? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

 Regular staff meetings 25.4 24.9 [4] 29.0 [4] 26.2 [4]  Training sessions 

Provide copies of NIOSH reports to 

51.5 46.4 [4] 56.7 [3] 43.9 [2,

firefighters 

Provide copies of NIOSH report summaries to 

21.0 18.4 21.4 21.7 

firefighters 

Provide summaries prepared by department to 

10.2 10.0 12.9 7.3 

firefighters 4.1 4.5 5.1 [3] 1.1 [2,

Postings on bulletin boards 43.1 51.9 [4] 39.3 42.5 

Post report on the department website 3.8 2.8 [+] 4.6 [+] 0.8 

Send message to firefighters by email 13.8 3.8 [2,4] 21.0 [1,3] 7.3 [2,

 Other 2.6 1.6 [+] 2.6 1.4 [4] 

Legitimately Skipped Question 31.8 35.0 31.1 34.9 [4] 

51. The NIOSH reports sometimes reference 

other documents, such as guidelines or more detailed technical reports. Does your fire department usually have access to documents that are referenced in NIOSH reports? 

Yes 

50.4 49.8 54.6 [3] 42.7 [2] 

No 

30.8 34.5 25.2 [3] 34.2 [2] 

Legitimately Skipped Question 18.8 15.7 [3] 20.1 23.1 [1,

Page 16 of 57 
Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South Midwes

52. NIOSH reports always include 

recommendations that are designed to help improve the health and safety of firefighters. How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about the NIOSH recommendations: 

52a. Recommendations are practical  Strongly Disagree 2.5 ** [+] 5.6 [+] 0.2 [+] 

 Disagree 5.1 9.9 [+] 3.2 2.9 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 18.4 12.2 [3,4] 17.5 21.1 [1] 

Agree 50.3 54.1 49.8 48.5 

 Strongly Agree 4.7 7.6 [4] 3.6 4.2 

Legitimately Skipped Question 

52b. Recommendations are easy to understand 

19.0 16.0 [3] 20.2 23.0 [1] 

 Strongly Disagree 2.4 ** [+] 5.7 [+] ** 

Disagree 1.5 1.0 1.4 2.1 Neither Agree nor Disagree 16.9 14.9 [3] 14.1 [3] 21.9 [1,

Agree 

54.2 59.4 [3] 54.2 47.2 [1] 

Strongly Agree 6.0 8.5 4.3 5.8 Legitimately Skipped Question 

52c. Recommendations are specific and 

concrete 

19.1 16.0 [3] 20.3 23.1 [1] 

 Strongly Disagree 2.5 0.2 [+] 5.8 [+] 0.2 [+] 

 Disagree 6.0 8.7 [+] 3.9 4.1 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 24.2 24.1 21.2 [3] 29.7 [2] 

Agree 43.5 45.4 43.9 38.7 Strongly Agree 4.7 5.4 4.9 4.1 Legitimately Skipped Question 19.1 16.1 [3] 20.3 23.2 [1] 

Page 17 of 57 
Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South Midwes

53. What other NIOSH materials have you 

seen? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Pocket guide to chemical hazards 63.7 69.7 [3] 59.9 59.9 [1] 

Respirator maintenance program guide 16.6 20.0 13.4 17.1 CDs of firefighter program materials 32.3 32.8 35.2 28.5 

Alerts 

44.2 47.5 [3] 47.4 [3] 32.9 [1,

 Hazard IDs 18.0 21.9 [2] 11.2 [1,3,4] 19.3 [2] 

Workplace Solutions 14.3 15.1 14.1 11.9 

Other 

1.0 ** [2,3] 1.5 [1] 1.2 [1] 

None. I have not seen any NIOSH materials. 18.3 16.3 16.8 [3] 23.5 [2] 

53a. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with 

these NIOSH materials? Very dissatisfied 1.5 2.3 0.8 0.6 [+] 

 Dissatisfied 0.1 0.2 [+] ** [+] 0.3 [+] 

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied 19.0 24.4 14.3 [3] 20.6 [2] 

Satisfied 53.0 50.1 58.2 48.4 

Very satisfied 8.3 6.8 9.8 6.8 

Legitimately Skipped Question 18.1 16.2 16.9 [3] 23.2 [2] 

54. Have you ever visited the NIOSH website 

at www.cdc.gov/niosh/firehome.html? 

No 

44.0 47.4 [4] 38.1 [3] 55.3 [2,

Yes, in the last year 50.0 48.2 54.5 [3] 39.7 [2,

Yes, longer than one year ago 6.1 4.3 7.4 5.0 

Page 18 of 57 
Question 

Census Region 

Total Northeast South Midwes

55. In which of these ways would you most 

prefer to receive information about NIOSH recommendations? MARK YOUR THREE (3) FAVORITES. Cable television programming 5.2 8.2 [4] 4.7 [4] 5.2 [4] 

CD/DVD 50.6 50.2 49.5 50.5 Conference presentations or meeting 8.9 9.2 9.9 6.6 

Email 53.8 50.2 56.7 49.2 Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation Reports 53.6 52.6 57.0 48.4 

NIOSH Website 27.2 27.6 24.0 30.4 

One-page Fact Sheets 30.3 33.2 26.4 31.9 

 Pocket Guides 26.7 29.8 [4] 26.3 29.1 [4] 

Posters 12.8 11.3 15.5 11.7 

 Summary Reports 25.5 30.9 [4] 26.1 22.9 

 Training session/class 19.1 24.1 [3] 18.7 15.6 [1] 

Other 

1.1 0.9 [+] 1.4 1.2 

Note: Estimates are generated from the 2006 Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation, Fire Department Survey. Estimates within each column from the “Mark all that Apply” questions will not sum to 100. Estimates within each column from the other questions ma

rounding. The digits in square brackets beside an estimate [#] indicate the estimate is significantly different at the 95% confidence level from the corresponding essign within the square brackets [+] indicates the estimate has low precision. ** Estimate is less than 0.1 and therefore rounds to zero. 

Page 19 of 57 

Table 16.1 Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Department Type 

Fire Fighter-Level Estimates 

Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volunteer Combinati

1. Does your department have a Safety 

Officer? Yes 79.0 83.0 79.9 76.8 

No 21.0 17.0 20.1 23.2 

2. Does your department have a Training 

Officer? 

Yes 

93.3 95.5 [3] 94.8 [3] 91.3 [1,

 No 6.7 4.5 [3] 5.2 [3] 8.7 [1,3. Some fire departments use Standard 

Operating Procedures (SOPs) or Standard Operating Guidelines (SOGs) to describe how certain situations should be approached. For which of the following does your department have SOPs/SOGs in place? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Incident Command Systems 89.6 93.6 [3] 91.4 [3] 86.7 [1,

 Maintenance of SCBAs 76.8 89.2 [2,3] 77.1 [1] 72.1 [1] 

Motor vehicle safety Participation in a personal physical fitness 

83.9 87.7 [3] 86.1 80.8 [1] 

program 

Participation in regular health screenings for 

24.3 56.7 [2,3] 27.8 [1,3] 10.0 [1,

cardiovascular disease (CVD) 

Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs), also known 

as Rapid Intervention Crews (RICs) or Firefighter Assistance and Search Teams 

33.5 53.6 [2,3] 39.1 [1,3] 21.8 [1,

(FAST) 

Use of Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) 

58.8 83.2 [2,3] 66.4 [1,3] 44.0 [1,

devices 

Use of personal protective equipment and 

81.5 86.9 79.9 80.9 

protective clothing 93.1 96.4 [3] 93.4 91.7 [1] 

Use of radio communications 88.9 93.5 [2,3] 88.2 [1] 87.8 [1]

 Other 

Does not apply. Our fire department does not 

10.7 12.7 12.2 8.8 

use SOPs/SOGs. 2.6 0.5 [2,3,+] 2.8 [1] 3.1 [1] 

Page 1 of 57 
Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volunteer Combinati

4. Do your firefighters receive training on any 

of the topics listed below? If so, is training optional or required? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

4a. Fighting structure fires  No Training 1.2 3.8 [+] 0.8 0.6 

 Optional Training 11.1 3.2 [2,3] 11.8 [1] 13.3 [1]

 Required Training 4b. Driving safety 

88.1 93.4 [3] 87.5 86.9 [1] 

No Training 2.3 2.4 1.7 2.7 

 Optional Training 12.9 5.3 [3] 9.8 [3] 18.1 [1,

 Required Training 4c. Incident Command systems 

85.0 92.6 [3] 88.5 [3] 79.4 [1,

 No Training 1.5 0.5 [3,+] 1.3 2.0 [1] Optional Training 19.2 3.8 [2,3] 18.3 [1,3] 25.5 [1, Required Training 4d. Maintenance of Self-Contained Breathing 

Apparatuses (SCBAs) 

79.4 95.7 [2,3] 80.6 [1,3] 72.6 [1,

No Training 5.1 3.6 6.1 4.7 

 Optional Training 27.6 16.3 [3] 25.1 [3] 33.6 [1,

 Required Training 4e. Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) 

67.7 80.3 [3] 68.8 62.3 [1] 

 No Training 17.3 7.3 [3] 14.3 [3] 23.5 [1, Optional Training 32.7 15.2 [3] 26.2 [3] 44.5 [1, Required Training 4f. Use of personal protective equipment 

and/or protective clothing 

50.3 77.7 [2,3] 59.5 [1,3] 32.4 [1,

No Training 1.1 1.8 1.2 0.7 

 Optional Training 6.9 2.9 [2,3] 8.5 [1] 6.9 [1] 

Required Training 

4g. Use of radio communication devices 

92.2 95.6 90.2 92.6 

No Training 2.3 1.5 3.3 1.7 

 Optional Training 15.6 5.7 [2,3] 17.7 [1] 17.4 [1]

 Required Training 82.4 93.1 [2,3] 79.6 [1] 81.0 [1] 

Page 2 of 57 
Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volunteer Combinati

5. Who provides training to your firefighters? 

MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Our department's Training Officer 90.4 95.4 [2,3] 91.9 [1,3] 87.4 [1,

Other officers within our department 88.2 96.2 [2,3] 86.9 [1] 86.4 [1] State fire training agency 

United States Fire Administration's (USFA) 

78.1 69.0 [3] 76.6 82.5 [1] 

National Fire Academy in Emmitsburg, MD 34.4 64.6 [2,3] 39.2 [1,3] 20.0 [1,

Conferences or regional meetings 60.7 74.0 [3] 64.5 [3] 53.0 [1,

 Other 25.6 20.3 [3] 23.0 29.6 [1] 6. What other trainings have your firefighters 

attended in the last 12 months? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Roadside incidents/Motor Vehicle Accidents 

(MVA) 57.7 58.2 51.5 [3] 62.6 [2]

 Scuba diving 11.9 29.7 [2,3] 8.2 [1] 8.9 [1] 

Swift water rescue 19.5 46.4 [2,3] 16.8 [1] 12.5 [1] Wildland fire fighting 40.3 30.1 [3] 41.5 43.0 [1]

 HAZMAT 74.3 93.0 [2,3] 70.9 [1] 70.5 [1] Other 38.1 50.0 [3] 40.6 31.9 [1] 8. How familiar are you with the National 

Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)? Not at all familiar 4.8 1.6 [3] 2.7 [3] 7.7 [1,

Not very familiar 17.1 8.6 [3] 14.8 [3] 21.8 [1,

Somewhat familiar 58.1 57.5 56.9 59.4 

 Very familiar 20.0 32.4 [3] 25.6 [3] 11.1 [1,

9. How familiar are you with NIOSH's Fire 

Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP)? Not at all familiar 14.6 7.7 [3] 11.3 [3] 19.7 [1,

Not very familiar 27.2 17.9 [3] 24.4 [3] 32.8 [1,

Somewhat familiar 41.3 50.1 40.5 39.0 

 Very familiar 16.9 24.4 [3] 23.8 [3] 8.6 [1,

Page 3 of 57 
Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volunteer Combinati

10. How does your department receive 

information about NIOSH's firefighter safety and health recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. NIOSH mailings 71.5 72.5 71.9 70.9 

National conference presentations 9.3 18.0 [3] 12.2 [3] 3.8 [1,

State-level conference presentations 15.5 18.9 18.0 12.3 

Other firefighters or departments 

At seminars or other training opportunities 

25.8 25.2 29.9 22.6 

(not conferences) 

Trade publications (such as Firehouse and 

21.4 22.5 23.8 19.0 

Fire Engineering) 55.5 62.1 [3] 65.1 [3] 45.2 [1,

 NIOSH website 

Links from other websites (such as NFPA and 

40.9 69.0 [2,3] 47.4 [1,3] 26.0 [1,

Firehouse) 36.8 44.5 [3] 40.1 31.4 [1] 

Media reports - newspaper, television, radio 15.9 16.5 15.6 16.0 

Other 

Does not apply. We have not received 

information about NIOSH 

2.7 10.6 [+] 1.9 0.7 

recommendations. 7.0 5.7 [+] 7.4 7.2 

11. In what ways has your department used 

NIOSH recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Made changes to training program 48.5 52.3 52.9 [3] 43.4 [2] 

Developed new SOPs/SOGs 35.3 48.1 [3] 37.7 28.7 [1] Made changes to SOPs/SOGs 45.6 61.0 [2,3] 45.9 [1] 40.1 [1] Justified current budget/staffing 10.6 23.8 [3] 12.5 4.4 [1] Made new budget/staffing requests 12.2 17.9 [3] 15.0 7.7 [1] Justified grant applications 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH 

19.7 31.4 [2] 15.7 [1] 19.1 

recommendations. 25.0 14.3 [2,3] 24.6 [1] 29.0 [1] 

Legitimately Skipped Question 7.3 5.9 [+] 7.6 7.6 

Page 4 of 57 
Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volunteer Combinati

11b. Can you identify topics of NIOSH 

recommendations that you have used for training purposes? If so, MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Traffic hazards 35.3 33.8 39.4 32.2 

Personal protective equipment and clothing 49.6 56.9 51.7 45.2 

SCBA 

49.7 57.1 [3] 52.6 44.6 [1] 

PASS systems 40.4 43.2 44.3 36.0 

Incident Command systems 40.8 47.6 43.4 36.2 Radio communications 

Physical fitness and cardiovascular disease 

27.1 31.0 26.7 26.2 

(CVD) 

Building code compliance (e.g., warning 

15.9 35.9 [2,3] 12.2 [1] 12.2 [1] 

against the use of wooden trusses) 9.9 12.9 11.6 7.5 

Other 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH 

4.8 3.5 8.0 [+] 2.4 

recommendations for training purposes. 1.8 3.5 0.8 2.0 

Legitimately Skipped Question 32.5 20.4 [2,3] 32.2 [1] 36.8 [1] 

12. Does your department have a fitness 

training that involves physical exercise and/or other health promotion activities (for example a cardiovascular fitness program, physical training program, wellness program, or other fitness program)? 

No 

58.8 23.3 [2,3] 46.7 [1,3] 80.9 [1,

Yes, it's required 16.9 42.8 [2,3] 22.9 [1,3] 3.2 [1,

Yes, it's optional 24.3 33.9 [3] 30.4 [3] 15.9 [1,

13. How often do your firefighters receive 

screenings for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors? 

One time, when they first join the department 14.5 15.4 15.5 13.3 

Less frequently than once a year 9.2 19.0 8.2 6.7 

One time a year 32.8 48.3 [3] 39.7 [3] 21.9 [1,

More than one time a year 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required 

0.4 1.7 [+] 0.2 [+] ** [+] 

to receive CVD screenings 43.2 15.6 [2,3] 36.4 [1,3] 58.0 [1,

Page 5 of 57 
Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volunteer Combinati

14. Do all drivers of vehicles responding to 

emergency calls receive driver training before being allowed to operate the vehicles? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. No 

Yes, they receive training required by the 

4.1 2.5 3.9 4.9 

department 

Yes, they receive training required by the 

88.9 93.4 [3] 90.8 [3] 85.9 [1,

state 28.3 22.1 [2] 34.1 [1] 25.7 

Yes, they receive optional training 13.6 6.3 [2,3] 16.5 [1] 13.8 [1] 

15. How often do drivers of your fire 

department vehicles receive refresher driver training to continue being allowed to drive the vehicles? Two or more times a year 12.1 11.0 11.4 13.1 

 Once every year 43.6 33.3 [2,3] 47.4 [1] 44.0 [1] 

Less frequently than once a year 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required 

28.4 40.8 [3] 27.2 25.0 [1] 

to receive continuing driver training. 15.9 15.0 14.0 18.0 

16. Does your fire department have a 

requirement regarding seat belt use in emergency vehicles? 

Yes 

89.2 98.1 [2,3] 90.9 [1,3] 84.6 [1,

 No 10.8 1.9 [2,3] 9.1 [1,3] 15.4 [1,17. To what extent do you agree or disagree 

that your firefighters are able to fit comfortably in their seatbelts while wearing turnout gear in your emergency vehicles? 

 Strongly disagree 6.8 6.2 4.7 [3] 8.8 [2] 

Disagree 19.5 24.3 17.6 19.3 Neither agree nor disagree 25.2 10.2 [2,3] 24.4 [1] 31.1 [1] Agree 34.8 35.1 39.9 30.5 

 Strongly agree 13.7 24.3 [2,3] 13.5 [1] 10.2 [1] 

Page 6 of 57 
Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volunteer Combinati

18. About how often do you think your 

firefighters use their seatbelts when riding in the emergency vehicles? 

Never 

3.6 1.2 [3,+] 2.2 [3] 5.6 [1,

Some of the time 22.3 21.4 17.6 [3] 26.5 [2] 

About half the time 16.5 14.4 15.7 18.0 Most of the time 38.1 38.0 38.2 38.0 

 Always 19.6 25.0 [3] 26.4 [3] 12.0 [1,

21. How often is Incident Command 

established when responding to structure fires? 

Never 

1.3 0.6 [+] 1.7 1.1 

Rarely 

3.6 1.4 [3] 3.1 4.9 [1] 

About half the time 4.0 1.0 [2,3,+] 3.5 [1] 5.4 [1] 

Most of the time 20.3 8.2 [2,3] 17.4 [1,3] 26.9 [1,

 Always 70.8 88.8 [2,3] 74.4 [1,3] 61.7 [1,22. What are the reasons why Incident 

Command is not always established by your fire department? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not usually big enough to require an 

Incident Commander 

Not enough firefighters available at the scene 

15.1 5.0 [2,3] 14.0 [1,3] 19.3 [1,

of the fire 12.6 2.7 [2,3] 10.9 [1,3] 17.3 [1,

Other 

Does not apply. My department always 

assigns an Incident Commander for 

4.7 5.1 3.4 5.7 

structure fires. 3.4 0.6 [3,+] 2.8 4.8 [1] 

Legitimately Skipped Question 70.8 89.2 [2,3] 74.3 [1,3] 61.7 [1,

Page 7 of 57 
Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volunteer Combinati

23. When Incident Command is established for 

a structure fire, what are the Incident Commander's responsibilities? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Conduct an initial assessment before the other 

firefighters begin entering the building 

Develop and coordinate the fire attack 

91.2 85.3 [3] 89.9 [3] 94.4 [1,

strategy 94.2 95.7 95.6 92.6 

Develop and initiate a risk management plan Document all assessments, plans and events 

63.6 73.9 [3] 68.5 [3] 55.9 [1,

related to the fire 

Ensure that at least four (4) firefighters are on 

42.2 53.5 [2] 37.6 [1] 42.1 

the scene before entering the building 70.4 81.1 [2,3] 69.7 [1] 67.3 [1] 

Establish a collapse zone around the building Establish Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) or 

53.9 62.9 50.1 53.9 

Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC) 

Identify and implement a communication 

64.6 89.5 [2,3] 68.3 [1,3] 52.9 [1,

strategy 

Monitor location of all firefighters at the 

67.5 62.2 71.5 66.0 

scene 77.2 88.8 [2,3] 77.7 [1] 72.6 [1]

 Other 10.4 15.2 7.0 [3] 11.7 [2] 24. About how often does an Incident 

Commander assign an Incident Safety Officer when responding to structure fires? Never 8.2 7.0 8.3 8.5 

Some of the time 25.1 23.3 27.2 24.0 

About half the time 8.0 7.9 8.3 7.9 Most of the time 31.6 30.6 30.9 32.4 

Always 27.2 31.2 25.4 27.2 

Page 8 of 57 
Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volunteer Combinati

25. What are the reasons why an Incident 

Commander does not always assign an Incident Safety Officer? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not big enough to require an Incident 

Safety Officer 

Not enough firefighters are available at the 

28.0 25.2 27.1 29.7 

scene of the fire 42.4 19.1 [2,3] 47.5 [1] 46.4 [1]

 Other 

Does not apply. Our Incident Commanders 

always assign an Incident Safety Officer for 

20.4 40.8 [2,3] 22.1 [1,3] 12.0 [1,

structure fires. 2.0 2.1 [+] 0.9 2.9 

Legitimately Skipped Question 27.5 31.3 25.8 27.7 

26. How often are Rapid Intervention Teams 

(RITs) or Rapid Intervention Crews (RICs) available at structure fires? 

Never 

17.6 6.9 [2,3] 16.2 [1,3] 22.6 [1,

Some of the time 16.3 5.7 [2,3] 13.0 [1,3] 22.7 [1,About half the time 5.5 5.2 [+] 4.7 6.3 

Most of the time 26.6 22.7 32.4 23.1 

 Always 34.0 59.6 [2,3] 33.7 [1] 25.3 [1] 

27. In what situations are RITs/RICs 

established? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

When the building has more than one 

story/floor 

When there are enough firefighters on and at 

8.6 6.1 8.5 9.6 

the scene of the fire 

Whenever firefighters enter a burning 

28.7 17.9 [2,3] 28.6 [1] 32.4 [1] 

building 26.1 14.4 [2,3] 29.2 [1] 27.5 [1] 

Other 6.2 9.0 6.5 5.0 Legitimately Skipped Question 51.7 66.3 [2,3] 50.2 [1] 47.8 [1] 

Page 9 of 57 
Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volunteer Combinati

28. What are the reasons why your fire 

department does not use RITs/RICs in every structure fire? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

The structure fire may not be large enough to 

need an RIT/RIC 

We don't have enough equipment, SCBAs, or 

29.7 25.4 31.4 29.7 

turnout gear to establish an RIT/RIC 

We don't have enough firefighters available at 

4.9 ** [2,3,+] 3.9 [1,3] 7.5 [1,

the scene of the fire 

We don't have enough training or trained 

personnel at the scene to establish an 

41.7 16.9 [2,3] 43.8 [1] 48.6 [1] 

RIT/RIC 13.6 4.4 [2,3] 10.2 [1,3] 19.6 [1,

We have never established an RIT/RIC 

We use other fire departments in the area for 

10.6 2.6 [2,3] 7.5 [1,3] 16.0 [1,

RITs/RICs 

We use other safety practices and so we don't 

22.6 4.1 [2,3] 17.6 [1,3] 33.3 [1,

need them 2.6 0.8 [2,3,+] 3.1 [1] 2.7 [1] 

Other 5.5 7.4 6.3 4.3 

Legitimately Skipped Question 34.4 59.8 [2,3] 34.3 [1] 25.6 [1] 

29. Does your fire department have enough 

Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) devices for all firefighters for use when fighting structure fires? 

Yes No 

86.4 

13.6 

96.1 [2,3]

3.9 [2,3,+]

 86.9 [1]

 13.1 [1]

 82.6 [1] 17.4 [1] 

30. About how often do you think your 

firefighters wear their PASS devices when fighting structure fires? 

Never 

3.7 2.9 [+] 4.7 3.1 

Some of the time 2.5 0.4 [3,+] 2.5 [+] 3.3 [1] 

About half the time 1.2 ** [2,3,+] 1.0 [1] 1.7 [1] 

Most of the time 8.5 4.2 [3] 6.1 [3] 12.0 [1,

 Always 84.1 92.4 [3] 85.7 [3] 79.8 [1,

Page 10 of 57 
Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volunteer Combinati

31. Why do you think your firefighters do not 

use their PASS devices more often? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. They don't have a PASS device to use 8.3 3.2 [+] 9.7 9.0 

Situation doesn't require them 

Firefighters think the devices do not always 

6.3 2.0 [3,+] 4.7 [3] 9.1 [1,

work reliably 0.2 0.2 [+] 0.4 [+] ** [+] 

Firefighters don't think they need them 3.2 0.8 [3,+] 2.9 4.4 [1] 

Devices go off while firefighters are resting 2.6 2.7 [+] 1.2 [3] 3.6 [2] 

Legitimately Skipped Question 84.5 92.8 [3] 85.9 [3] 80.3 [1,

32. Does your department have Self Contained 

Breathing Apparatuses (SCBA) for your firefighters to use when combating structure fires? Yes 

No 

98.8 

1.2 

96.7 

3.3 [+]

98.7 

1.3

 [+]

99.7 

0.3

 [+] 

33. Do your firefighters ever have to share 

facepieces for SCBAs? 

Yes 

40.2 4.5 [2,3] 41.7 [1,3] 51.3 [1,

 No 58.6 92.1 [2,3] 56.9 [1] 48.4 [1] 

Legitimately Skipped Question 1.2 3.5 [+] 1.4 [+] 0.3 [+] 

33a. What are the reasons why your fire 

department does not have personally-fitted SCBA facepieces for all of your firefighters? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Didn't know it was recommended 3.1 ** [2,3] 3.5 [1] 3.9 [1] 

Firefighters don't like using the equipment 

Have never needed them (e.g., we don't do 

0.1   0.3 [+] 

interior attacks) 

They cost too much, there is not enough 

0.2 **  0.2 [+] 0.4 [+] 

money in the budget 

We don't have enough equipment for all of 

25.6 2.6 [2,3] 25.8 [1] 33.3 [1] 

our firefighters 17.9 0.7 [2,3,+] 16.0 [1,3] 25.4 [1,

Shared systems work fine for our needs 19.3 2.6 [2,3] 20.5 [1] 24.1 [1] Other 7.3 1.2 [2,3,+] 10.1 [1] 7.0 [1] Legitimately Skipped Question 59.8 95.9 [2,3] 57.9 [1] 48.9 [1] 

Page 11 of 57 
Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volunteer Combinati

34. About how often do you think your 

firefighters use SCBAs while fighting structure fires? 

Never 

0.4 ** [2] 0.6 [1] 0.2 [+] 

Some of the time 2.3 ** [2,3] 1.5 [1,3] 3.7 [1,About half the time 1.7 0.4 [3,+] 1.2 2.5 [1] 

Most of the time 22.5 20.8 21.3 24.1 

Always 72.0 75.3 74.0 69.2 Legitimately Skipped Question 1.2 3.5 [+] 1.4 [+] 0.3 [+] 

35. Why do you think your firefighters do not 

use SCBAs more often when fighting structure fires? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Situation doesn't require them 

Firefighters do not trust that the SCBAs will 

work reliably 

Firefighters don't think they need them 

Firefighters don't like sharing facepieces with 

others 

Firefighters are concerned that the SCBA may 

be or become contaminated 

Wearing SCBAs makes it more difficult to 

work 

Firefighters don't have SCBAs to use Legitimately Skipped Question 

20.1 ** 

11.4 

0.5 

** 

4.4 

2.7 

73.9 

9.5 [2,3]

** 

15.3 [+]

** [3]

** 

3.2 

** [3]

78.8 

19.7

 [1]

** 

10.2 

0.2

 [+]

** 

3.3 

2.4

 [+]

76.5 

24.2

 [1] 

** [+] 

11.0 

0.9

 [1] 

** [+] 

5.7 

3.9

 [1] 

70.1 

36. How often is routine maintenance 

performed on your SCBAs? After every time they are used Once a month or more Several times a year Once a year Less than once a year 

Never. Maintenance has not been done on our 

SCBAs. 

Does not apply. My department does not have 

SCBAs. 

Legitimately Skipped Question 

46.6 

16.7 

14.3 

17.6 

2.6 

0.8 

** 

1.5 

49.8 

6.8 [2,3]

12.3 26.1 

0.8 [3,+]

0.4 [+]

** 

3.8 [+]

49.4 

13.4

 [1,3]

16.1 

15.7 

2.8 

0.9 

** 

1.7

 [+]

43.2 

23.1

 [1,

13.5 

16.1 

3.0 [1] 

0.7 

** 

0.4

 [+] 

Page 12 of 57 
Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volunteer Combinati

37. How many 

Chemical/Biological/Radiological/Nuclear (CBRN) SCBAs are available (or on order) for use by firefighters within your department at this time? Greater than zero 

Zero 

29.7 

70.3 

53.6 [2,3]

46.4 [2,3]

 31.8 [1,3] 68.2 [1,3]

 19.6 [1, 80.4 [1,

37a. What are the reasons why your fire 

department does not have CBRN SCBAs? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

CBRN SCBA devices are not needed in our 

department 16.6 8.6 [3] 15.4 20.5 [1] 

We didn't know they were available 

We don't have adequate technical information 

11.2 5.1 [2,3] 9.9 [1] 14.4 [1] 

to purchase them 

We don't have adequate funding to purchase 

15.4 3.4 [2,3] 16.5 [1] 18.7 [1] 

them 50.8 28.4 [2,3] 49.9 [1] 59.5 [1] 

Other 7.1 9.0 7.4 6.2 Legitimately Skipped Question 31.1 57.0 [2,3] 32.7 [1,3] 20.7 [1,

38. Does your fire department have 

Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs)? 

Yes 

85.3 94.2 [2,3] 86.6 [1,3] 81.1 [1,

 No 14.7 5.8 [2,3,+] 13.4 [1,3] 18.9 [1,38a. At your fire department, where do you 

have AEDs? At the fire station(s) 2.1 0.6 [+] 3.4 1.6 

On the emergency vehicles (or apparatus) 

Both at the fire station(s) and on the vehicles 

66.1 77.1 [2,3] 63.6 [1] 64.5 [1] 

(or apparatus) 14.8 15.2 17.5 12.5 

Legitimately Skipped Question 17.0 7.1 [2,3,+] 15.6 [1,3] 21.3 [1,

Page 13 of 57 
Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volunteer Combinati

39. How often has routine maintenance, 

including replacement of battery packs, been performed on your AEDs? After every time they are used 20.1 32.5 [3] 23.5 [3] 12.0 [1,

Once a month or more 24.7 18.8 26.0 26.0 

Several times a year 19.4 15.2 [3] 15.5 [3] 24.6 [1,

Once a year 23.1 27.8 24.1 20.2 

Less frequently than once a year 

Never. Maintenance on our AEDs has not 

6.2 4.0 5.1 8.0 

been done. 6.5 1.7 [2,3] 5.8 [1] 9.2 [1] 

40. About how often do your firefighters carry 

radios or other two-way communication devices while responding to structure fires? 

Never 

1.5 0.3 [3,+] 0.5 [3,+] 2.7 [1,

Some of the time 3.1 0.1 [2,3,+] 1.2 [1,3] 5.7 [1,

About half the time 1.6 0.8 [3,+] 0.7 [3] 2.7 [1,

Most of the time 16.1 4.3 [2,3] 13.7 [1,3] 22.2 [1,

 Always 77.8 94.4 [2,3] 83.9 [1,3] 66.8 [1,41. Some radios and other two-way 

communication devices can have problems under field conditions, such as bleed-over, interference, or loss of communication. About how often do your communication devices have these or other problems? Never 14.5 12.2 12.7 16.8 Some of the time 70.7 82.0 [3] 71.8 66.0 [1] 

About half the time 7.8 2.8 [2,3] 7.4 [1] 10.0 [1] 

Most of the time 5.7 2.5 [3] 7.6 [+] 5.2 [1]

 Always 1.3 0.6 [3,+] 0.6 [3,+] 2.1 [1,

Page 14 of 57 
Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volunteer Combinati

42. How would you rate your department's 

budget in the following areas? 

42a. Equipment  Not adequate 38.6 27.3 [3] 35.4 [3] 45.2 [1,

 Adequate 54.0 65.0 [3] 57.3 [3] 47.4 [1,

More than adequate 

42b. Training 

7.4 7.7 7.3 7.3 

Not adequate 36.0 44.0 36.7 32.6 Adequate 56.4 49.8 54.7 60.0 More than adequate 

42c. Personnel 

7.7 6.2 8.6 7.3 

 Not adequate 48.8 49.7 55.5 [3] 42.6 [2]

 Adequate 46.2 46.1 40.6 [3] 51.2 [2] 

More than adequate 5.0 4.2 3.9 6.3 

43. How often have you seen NIOSH reports 

that describe recent firefighter fatalities and make recommendations for avoiding similar incidents? Please refer to the insert sheet included with this survey for examples of NIOSH firefighter safety reports. 

Never 

18.7 12.9 [3] 12.7 [3] 25.4 [1,

One or two times per year 30.9 23.0 [2,3] 32.5 [1] 32.4 [1] 

Several times per year 40.4 48.0 41.8 36.7 Once a month or more 10.0 16.1 [3] 13.0 5.6 [1] 

44. How does your department receive the 

NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation reports? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. By mail 55.8 47.6 57.8 56.9 

On the Internet 39.8 64.4 [2,3] 45.6 [1,3] 26.4 [1,

From colleagues in other departments 15.1 13.2 22.3 [3] 9.8 [2] 

At conferences or other meetings 10.8 19.9 [2,3] 11.9 [1,3] 6.7 [1,Legitimately Skipped Question 18.3 12.9 [3] 12.1 [3] 25.4 [1,

Page 15 of 57 
Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volunteer Combinati

45. Have you read part or all of a NIOSH Fire 

Fighter Fatality Investigation report in the last 12 months? 

Yes 

64.8 76.5 [3] 72.1 [3] 54.7 [1,

 No 16.9 10.7 [3] 15.9 19.8 [1] 

Legitimately Skipped Question 18.3 12.8 [3] 12.0 [3] 25.5 [1,

50. Does the fire department disseminate the 

information it receives from NIOSH to the firefighters?

 Yes 67.6 74.0 [3] 71.0 [3] 62.5 [1,

No 13.5 13.2 16.3 11.4 

Legitimately Skipped Question 18.9 12.8 [3] 12.7 [3] 26.1 [1,

50a. How is this information disseminated to 

firefighters? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Regular staff meetings 25.4 19.7 28.6 24.7 

Training sessions 

Provide copies of NIOSH reports to 

51.5 54.9 55.3 47.2 

firefighters 

Provide copies of NIOSH report summaries to 

21.0 21.8 28.1 [3] 14.9 [2] 

firefighters 

Provide summaries prepared by department to 

10.2 8.2 15.1 6.8 

firefighters 4.1 11.0 [2,3] 2.4 [1] 3.1 [1] 

Postings on bulletin boards 43.1 39.5 42.3 45.0 

Post report on the department website 3.8 5.2 5.9 [+] 1.6 [+] 

Send message to firefighters by email 13.8 34.3 [2,3] 17.7 [1,3] 3.5 [1,

Other 2.6 5.7 2.5 1.7 Legitimately Skipped Question 31.8 26.5 [3] 27.7 [3] 37.1 [1,

51. The NIOSH reports sometimes reference 

other documents, such as guidelines or more detailed technical reports. Does your fire department usually have access to documents that are referenced in NIOSH reports? 

Yes 

50.4 72.6 [2,3] 57.2 [1,3] 37.1 [1,

 No 30.8 14.0 [2,3] 30.5 [1] 36.8 [1] 

Legitimately Skipped Question 18.8 13.4 [3] 12.4 [3] 26.0 [1,

Page 16 of 57 
Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volunteer Combinati

52. NIOSH reports always include 

recommendations that are designed to help improve the health and safety of firefighters. How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about the NIOSH recommendations: 

52a. Recommendations are practical  Strongly Disagree 2.5 1.3 [+] 5.7 [+] 0.2 [+] 

Disagree 5.1 1.5 8.4 3.7 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 18.4 14.9 18.2 19.9 

Agree 

50.3 62.4 [3] 50.6 45.9 [1] 

Strongly Agree 4.7 6.8 4.6 3.9 Legitimately Skipped Question 

52b. Recommendations are easy to understand 

19.0 13.1 [3] 12.6 [3] 26.5 [1,

 Strongly Disagree 2.4 0.7 [+] 5.8 [+] 0.1 [+] 

Disagree 1.5 1.1 1.5 1.6 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 16.9 10.6 [3] 14.6 [3] 21.0 [1,

 Agree 54.2 65.8 [3] 59.6 [3] 45.6 [1,

Strongly Agree 6.0 8.7 5.8 5.1 Legitimately Skipped Question 

52c. Recommendations are specific and 

concrete 

19.1 13.1 [3] 12.6 [3] 26.6 [1,

 Strongly Disagree 2.5 1.3 [+] 5.9 [+] 0.1 [+] 

Disagree 6.0 7.7 7.8 3.9 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 24.2 14.8 [2,3] 23.9 [1] 27.7 [1]

 Agree 43.5 54.7 [3] 45.6 37.8 [1] 

Strongly Agree 4.7 8.4 [3] 4.0 3.9 [1] 

Legitimately Skipped Question 19.1 13.2 [3] 12.7 [3] 26.5 [1,

Page 17 of 57 
Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volunteer Combinati

53. What other NIOSH materials have you 

seen? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Pocket guide to chemical hazards 63.7 81.0 [2,3] 64.5 [1] 57.0 [1] 

Respirator maintenance program guide 16.6 20.9 13.6 17.7 CDs of firefighter program materials 32.3 42.4 31.5 29.5 

Alerts 

44.2 58.8 [3] 49.4 [3] 34.7 [1,

Hazard IDs 18.0 18.4 17.9 17.9 

Workplace Solutions 14.3 13.5 15.2 13.7 

Other 

1.0 1.1 [+] 1.3 0.7 

None. I have not seen any NIOSH materials. 18.3 10.0 [3] 15.4 [3] 23.7 [1,

53a. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with 

these NIOSH materials? 

 Very dissatisfied 1.5 1.8 1.3 [+] 1.5 

 Dissatisfied 0.1   [+] 0.3 [+] 

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied 19.0 9.1 [2,3] 18.4 [1] 23.0 [1]

 Satisfied 53.0 68.0 [2,3] 54.2 [1] 46.7 [1] Very satisfied 8.3 10.9 [3] 10.9 5.1 [1] 

Legitimately Skipped Question 18.1 10.1 [3] 15.2 [3] 23.4 [1,

54. Have you ever visited the NIOSH website 

at www.cdc.gov/niosh/firehome.html? 

No 

44.0 16.7 [2,3] 38.8 [1,3] 57.8 [1,

Yes, in the last year 50.0 76.7 [2,3] 54.7 [1,3] 36.7 [1,

Yes, longer than one year ago 6.1 6.5 6.5 5.5 

Page 18 of 57 
Question 

Department Type 

Total All Career All Volunteer Combinati

55. In which of these ways would you most 

prefer to receive information about NIOSH recommendations? MARK YOUR THREE (3) FAVORITES. Cable television programming 5.2 4.5 3.4 [3] 7.1 [2]

 CD/DVD 50.6 35.4 [2,3] 50.2 [1] 56.2 [1] 

Conference presentations or meeting 8.9 10.8 9.6 7.6 

 Email 53.8 71.9 [2,3] 56.1 [1,3] 45.5 [1,

Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation Reports 53.6 59.5 [3] 60.0 [3] 46.1 [1,

 NIOSH Website 27.2 40.3 [2,3] 23.7 [1] 25.5 [1] 

One-page Fact Sheets 30.3 30.9 27.8 32.3 

Pocket Guides 26.7 27.1 23.9 28.9 

Posters 

12.8 4.5 [2,3] 14.4 [1] 14.4 [1]

 Summary Reports 25.5 17.4 [2] 31.0 [1] 23.7 

 Training session/class 19.1 12.8 [3] 20.0 20.5 [1]

 Other 1.1 **  [2,3] 1.2 [1] 1.4 [1] Note: Estimates are generated from the 2006 Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation, Fire Department Survey. Estimates within each column from the “Mark all that Apply” questions will not sum to 100. Estimates within each column from the other questions ma

rounding. The digits in square brackets beside an estimate [#] indicate the estimate is significantly different at the 95% confidence level from the corresponding essign within the square brackets [+] indicates the estimate has low precision. ** Estimate is less than 0.1 and therefore rounds to zero. 

Page 19 of 57 

Table 17.1 Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Rural/Urban 

Fire Fighter-Level Estimates 

Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Urban Unknow

1. Does your department have a Safety 

Officer? 

Yes 

79.0 76.1 [2] 84.1 [1] 77.4 

No 

21.0 23.9 [2] 15.9 [1] 22.6 

2. Does your department have a Training 

Officer? Yes 93.3 92.7 94.7 92.5 No 6.7 7.3 5.3 7.5 

3. Some fire departments use Standard 

Operating Procedures (SOPs) or Standard Operating Guidelines (SOGs) to describe how certain situations should be approached. For which of the following does your department have SOPs/SOGs in place? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Incident Command Systems 89.6 87.6 [2] 96.1 [1,3] 81.9 [2]

 Maintenance of SCBAs 76.8 70.8 [2] 86.0 [1] 77.1 

Motor vehicle safety Participation in a personal physical fitness 

83.9 82.8 87.1 80.5 

program 

Participation in regular health screenings for 

24.3 14.5 [2] 40.3 [1] 23.4 

cardiovascular disease (CVD) 

Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs), also known 

as Rapid Intervention Crews (RICs) or Firefighter Assistance and Search Teams 

33.5 26.7 [2] 46.5 [1] 28.5 

(FAST) 

Use of Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) 

58.8 47.5 [2] 82.6 [1,3] 45.5 [2] 

devices 

Use of personal protective equipment and 

81.5 78.1 [2] 90.4 [1,3] 73.1 [2] 

protective clothing 93.1 92.2 [2] 95.2 [1] 91.5 

Use of radio communications 88.9 86.9 [2] 91.5 [1] 90.4 

Other 

Does not apply. Our fire department does not 

10.7 8.7 [2] 15.7 [1,3] 6.5 [2] 

use SOPs/SOGs. 2.6 3.4 [2] 0.7 [1] 3.9 

Page 1 of 57 
Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Urban Unknow

4. Do your firefighters receive training on any 

of the topics listed below? If so, is training optional or required? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

4a. Fighting structure fires  No Training 1.2 0.6 0.3 [+] 5.6 [+]

 Optional Training 11.1 14.3 [2] 4.1 [1,3] 15.8 [2] Required Training 4b. Driving safety 

88.1 85.8 [2] 95.8 [1,3] 78.7 [2] 

No Training 2.3 2.4 1.3 4.0 

 Optional Training 12.9 15.2 [2] 7.4 [1,3] 17.2 [2]

 Required Training 4c. Incident Command systems 

85.0 82.5 [2] 91.5 [1,3] 78.8 [2] 

 No Training 1.5 1.9 [2] 0.2 [1,+] 2.9 

 Optional Training 19.2 24.6 [2] 7.4 [1,3] 27.0 [2]

 Required Training 4d. Maintenance of Self-Contained Breathing 

Apparatuses (SCBAs) 

79.4 73.7 [2] 92.4 [1,3] 70.1 [2] 

 No Training 5.1 6.1 [2] 2.4 [1] 7.8 

 Optional Training 27.6 33.2 [2] 18.3 [1] 28.1 

 Required Training 4e. Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) 

67.7 61.0 [2] 79.7 [1,3] 64.0 [2] 

 No Training 17.3 22.6 [2] 3.5 [1,3] 31.6 [2] Optional Training 32.7 39.4 [2,3] 25.4 [1] 24.8 [1] Required Training 4f. Use of personal protective equipment 

and/or protective clothing 

50.3 38.1 [2] 71.6 [1,3] 43.6 [2] 

No Training 1.1 0.9 1.4 1.3 [+]

 Optional Training 6.9 8.6 [2] 3.2 [1,3] 9.2 [2] Required Training 4g. Use of radio communication devices 

92.2 90.7 [2] 95.6 [1] 89.6 

No Training 2.3 2.7 1.4 2.7 [+]

 Optional Training 15.6 17.8 [2] 10.0 [1,3] 20.8 [2] Required Training 82.4 79.7 [2] 89.3 [1,3] 76.5 [2] 

Page 2 of 57 
Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Urban Unknow

5. Who provides training to your firefighters? 

MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Our department's Training Officer 90.4 88.7 [2] 93.7 [1] 88.8 

Other officers within our department 88.2 85.8 [2] 94.9 [1,3] 81.3 [2] 

State fire training agency 

United States Fire Administration's (USFA) 

78.1 80.4 73.9 79.1 

National Fire Academy in Emmitsburg, MD 34.4 28.0 [2] 50.3 [1,3] 21.1 [2,

Conferences or regional meetings 60.7 57.3 [2] 69.4 [1] 52.9 

Other 25.6 23.9 30.9 19.3 

6. What other trainings have your firefighters 

attended in the last 12 months? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Roadside incidents/Motor Vehicle Accidents 

(MVA) 57.7 62.7 [3] 57.5 [3] 38.4 [1,

 Scuba diving 11.9 8.8 [2] 19.8 [1,3] 5.0 [2] 

Swift water rescue 19.5 14.3 [2,3] 34.5 [1,3] 3.8 [1,Wildland fire fighting 40.3 49.8 [2] 23.4 [1,3] 44.8 [2]

 HAZMAT 74.3 71.1 [2] 83.1 [1,3] 65.0 [2] Other 38.1 31.8 [2] 48.7 [1] 36.9 

8. How familiar are you with the National 

Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)? Not at all familiar 4.8 6.3 [2] 2.2 [1,+] 5.5 

Not very familiar 17.1 20.3 [2] 8.7 [1,3] 24.6 [2] 

Somewhat familiar 58.1 60.3 57.3 51.8 

 Very familiar 20.0 13.1 [2] 31.8 [1] 18.1 [+] 

9. How familiar are you with NIOSH's Fire 

Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP)? Not at all familiar 14.6 18.5 [2] 6.7 [1,3] 18.2 [2] 

Not very familiar 27.2 30.3 [2] 19.9 [1] 33.2 

 Somewhat familiar 41.3 39.1 [2] 48.4 [1,3] 32.3 [2]

 Very familiar 16.9 12.1 [2] 25.0 [1] 16.3 [+] 

Page 3 of 57 
Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Urban Unknow

10. How does your department receive 

information about NIOSH's firefighter safety and health recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. NIOSH mailings 71.5 73.4 73.3 60.1 

National conference presentations 9.3 8.4 [3] 13.9 [3] 1.5 [1,

State-level conference presentations 15.5 14.3 18.5 13.0 

Other firefighters or departments 

At seminars or other training opportunities 

25.8 23.4 23.9 40.3 

(not conferences) 

Trade publications (such as Firehouse and 

21.4 20.9 20.9 24.6 

Fire Engineering) 55.5 52.2 [2] 62.7 [1] 51.0 

 NIOSH website 

Links from other websites (such as NFPA and 

40.9 31.6 [2] 58.6 [1,3] 34.6 [2] 

Firehouse) 36.8 33.8 [2] 43.7 [1] 32.1 

Media reports - newspaper, television, radio 15.9 15.3 16.5 16.8 

Other 

Does not apply. We have not received 

information about NIOSH 

2.7 0.6 7.1 [+] 0.4 [+] 

recommendations. 7.0 6.7 [2,3] 3.2 [1,3] 17.9 [1,

11. In what ways has your department used 

NIOSH recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Made changes to training program 48.5 47.3 54.6 38.1 

Developed new SOPs/SOGs 35.3 31.1 [2] 41.8 [1] 35.4 

Made changes to SOPs/SOGs 45.6 42.3 [2] 54.2 [1] 37.7 Justified current budget/staffing 10.6 5.2 [2] 16.7 [1] 16.9 [+] 

Made new budget/staffing requests 12.2 10.1 14.4 14.9 [+] Justified grant applications 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH 

19.7 20.3 [3] 23.2 [3] 8.7 [1,

recommendations. 25.0 27.0 20.7 27.9 

Legitimately Skipped Question 7.3 7.0 [2,3] 3.3 [1,3] 18.6 [1,

Page 4 of 57 
Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Urban Unknow

11b. Can you identify topics of NIOSH 

recommendations that you have used for training purposes? If so, MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Traffic hazards 35.3 35.8 34.2 35.9 

Personal protective equipment and clothing 49.6 48.0 54.8 43.0 

SCBA 49.7 47.8 56.5 40.1 

PASS systems 40.4 37.8 46.6 35.5 Incident Command systems 40.8 36.4 [2] 48.3 [1] 40.1 

 Radio communications 

Physical fitness and cardiovascular disease 

27.1 25.3 [2] 34.9 [1,3] 15.5 [2] 

(CVD) 

Building code compliance (e.g., warning 

15.9 11.8 [2] 26.1 [1,3] 6.8 [2] 

against the use of wooden trusses) 9.9 8.6 9.1 17.0 [+]

 Other 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH 

4.8 2.2 4.6 15.0 [+] 

recommendations for training purposes. 1.8 1.8 [3] 2.2 0.5 [1,

Legitimately Skipped Question 32.5 33.9 [2] 24.3 [1,3] 46.6 [2] 

12. Does your department have a fitness 

training that involves physical exercise and/or other health promotion activities (for example a cardiovascular fitness program, physical training program, wellness program, or other fitness program)? 

No 

58.8 72.4 [2] 31.9 [1,3] 70.3 [2] 

Yes, it's required 16.9 9.6 [2] 26.3 [1] 23.3 

Yes, it's optional 24.3 18.1 [2,3] 41.9 [1,3] 6.4 [1,

13. How often do your firefighters receive 

screenings for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors? 

One time, when they first join the department 14.5 14.1 [3] 18.8 [3] 5.4 [1,

Less frequently than once a year 9.2 7.9 [3] 13.7 [3] 3.1 [1,

One time a year 32.8 25.6 [2] 45.1 [1] 31.3 

More than one time a year 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required 

0.4 0.2 [+] 0.9 [+] ** 

to receive CVD screenings 43.2 52.2 [2] 21.6 [1,3] 60.2 [2] 

Page 5 of 57 
Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Urban Unknow

14. Do all drivers of vehicles responding to 

emergency calls receive driver training before being allowed to operate the vehicles? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. No 

Yes, they receive training required by the 

4.1 4.9 2.8 4.4 

department 

Yes, they receive training required by the 

88.9 86.5 [2] 93.1 [1] 88.4 

state 28.3 27.9 26.7 34.0 

Yes, they receive optional training 13.6 12.1 11.3 25.0 

15. How often do drivers of your fire 

department vehicles receive refresher driver training to continue being allowed to drive the vehicles? Two or more times a year 12.1 12.5 10.2 15.2 Once every year 43.6 41.2 45.5 48.3 Less frequently than once a year 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required 

28.4 28.4 31.1 21.2 

to receive continuing driver training. 15.9 17.8 13.2 15.3 

16. Does your fire department have a 

requirement regarding seat belt use in emergency vehicles? 

Yes 

89.2 87.0 [2] 93.8 [1] 86.5 

No 

10.8 13.0 [2] 6.2 [1] 13.5 

17. To what extent do you agree or disagree 

that your firefighters are able to fit comfortably in their seatbelts while wearing turnout gear in your emergency vehicles? 

 Strongly disagree 6.8 8.0 [3] 6.4 3.3 [1,

Disagree 19.5 17.7 23.6 16.1 Neither agree nor disagree 25.2 29.1 [2] 18.6 [1] 26.2 

Agree 34.8 33.0 35.6 40.0 

Strongly agree 13.7 12.2 15.8 14.4 

Page 6 of 57 
Question 

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18. About how often do you think your 

firefighters use their seatbelts when riding in the emergency vehicles? 

Never 

3.6 4.6 [2] 1.8 [1] 3.7 

Some of the time 22.3 19.3 28.2 19.0 About half the time 16.5 17.7 14.8 16.4 Most of the time 38.1 39.8 36.7 34.6 

Always 19.6 18.5 18.5 26.3 

21. How often is Incident Command 

established when responding to structure fires? 

Never 

1.3 1.1 0.6 [+] 3.5 

Rarely 

3.6 5.3 [2] 0.7 [1,3] 4.4 [2] 

About half the time 4.0 5.5 [2] 1.2 [1] 4.7 

Most of the time 20.3 24.9 [2] 10.7 [1,3] 26.5 [2]

 Always 70.8 63.2 [2] 86.8 [1,3] 60.9 [2] 22. What are the reasons why Incident 

Command is not always established by your fire department? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not usually big enough to require an 

Incident Commander 

Not enough firefighters available at the scene 

15.1 19.7 [2] 4.8 [1,3] 22.0 [2] 

of the fire 12.6 16.9 [2] 3.3 [1,3] 18.5 [2] 

Other 

Does not apply. My department always 

assigns an Incident Commander for 

4.7 4.8 5.0 3.6 

structure fires. 3.4 4.2 2.0 [+] 3.8 

Legitimately Skipped Question 70.8 63.1 [2] 87.1 [1,3] 60.6 [2] 

Page 7 of 57 
Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Urban Unknow

23. When Incident Command is established for 

a structure fire, what are the Incident Commander's responsibilities? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Conduct an initial assessment before the other 

firefighters begin entering the building 

Develop and coordinate the fire attack 

91.2 93.4 90.1 85.5 

strategy 94.2 93.4 96.7 91.1 

Develop and initiate a risk management plan Document all assessments, plans and events 

63.6 58.3 [2] 74.1 [1,3] 58.2 [2] 

related to the fire 

Ensure that at least four (4) firefighters are on 

42.2 41.3 [3] 50.0 [3] 26.5 [1,

the scene before entering the building 70.4 67.9 74.1 71.4 

Establish a collapse zone around the building Establish Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) or 

53.9 52.0 [2,3] 63.6 [1,3] 37.3 [1,

Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC) 

Identify and implement a communication 

64.6 52.9 [2] 88.7 [1,3] 51.0 [2] 

strategy 

Monitor location of all firefighters at the 

67.5 65.7 66.8 76.0 

scene 77.2 73.2 [2] 85.4 [1] 72.5 

Other 

10.4 10.0 12.3 7.9 

24. About how often does an Incident 

Commander assign an Incident Safety Officer when responding to structure fires? 

Never 

8.2 8.9 [2] 5.4 [1] 12.5 

Some of the time 25.1 25.2 25.8 22.6 About half the time 8.0 9.2 5.8 8.7 

Most of the time 31.6 31.0 34.3 25.9 Always 27.2 25.6 28.6 30.3 

Page 8 of 57 
Question 

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25. What are the reasons why an Incident 

Commander does not always assign an Incident Safety Officer? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not big enough to require an Incident 

Safety Officer 

Not enough firefighters are available at the 

28.0 29.6 25.1 29.6 

scene of the fire 42.4 50.9 [2] 28.1 [1,3] 44.9 [2]

 Other 

Does not apply. Our Incident Commanders 

always assign an Incident Safety Officer for 

20.4 12.2 [2] 36.0 [1,3] 12.1 [2] 

structure fires. 2.0 2.0 2.1 [+] 1.9 [+] 

Legitimately Skipped Question 27.5 25.9 28.9 31.1 

26. How often are Rapid Intervention Teams 

(RITs) or Rapid Intervention Crews (RICs) available at structure fires? 

Never 

17.6 21.4 [2,3] 4.1 [1,3] 36.0 [1,

Some of the time 16.3 22.5 [2,3] 7.8 [1] 12.6 [1] About half the time 5.5 6.8 [3] 4.5 3.1 [1] 

Most of the time 26.6 26.3 25.6 30.3 

 Always 34.0 23.0 [2] 58.0 [1,3] 18.0 [2] 

27. In what situations are RITs/RICs 

established? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

When the building has more than one 

story/floor 

When there are enough firefighters on and at 

8.6 11.0 [2] 5.7 [1] 6.4 

the scene of the fire 

Whenever firefighters enter a burning 

28.7 35.7 [2,3] 20.6 [1] 20.8 [1] 

building 26.1 28.4 [2] 19.5 [1] 33.2 

Other 

6.2 4.7 [2,3] 10.5 [1,3] 1.5 [1,

Legitimately Skipped Question 51.7 44.6 [2] 61.8 [1] 54.4 

Page 9 of 57 
Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Urban Unknow

28. What are the reasons why your fire 

department does not use RITs/RICs in every structure fire? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

The structure fire may not be large enough to 

need an RIT/RIC 

We don't have enough equipment, SCBAs, or 

29.7 32.5 [2] 24.9 [1] 30.2 

turnout gear to establish an RIT/RIC 

We don't have enough firefighters available at 

4.9 7.3 [2] 0.3 [1,3,+] 7.0 [2] 

the scene of the fire 

We don't have enough training or trained 

personnel at the scene to establish an 

41.7 51.2 [2] 22.3 [1,3] 52.5 [2] 

RIT/RIC 13.6 18.7 [2] 5.7 [1,3] 13.3 [2] 

We have never established an RIT/RIC 

We use other fire departments in the area for 

10.6 13.6 [2] 3.6 [1,3] 16.3 [2] 

RITs/RICs 

We use other safety practices and so we don't 

22.6 30.2 [2,3] 13.0 [1] 16.6 [1] 

need them 2.6 2.8 [2] 0.6 [1,3] 6.5 [2] 

Other 5.5 5.2 5.2 7.8 [+] 

Legitimately Skipped Question 34.4 23.5 [2] 58.1 [1,3] 18.2 [2] 

29. Does your fire department have enough 

Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) devices for all firefighters for use when fighting structure fires? 

Yes No 

86.4 

13.6 

83.5 [2,3]

16.5 [2,3]

 99.1 [1,3] 0.9 [1,3]

 66.3 [1, 33.7 [1,

30. About how often do you think your 

firefighters wear their PASS devices when fighting structure fires? 

Never 

3.7 2.9 [2,3] ** [1,3,+] 16.0 [1,

Some of the time 2.5 4.0 [2] 0.1 [1,3,+] 3.1 [2] 

About half the time 1.2 1.7 [2] ** [1,+] 2.1 [+] 

Most of the time 8.5 11.5 [2] 3.1 [1,3] 10.1 [2]

 Always 84.1 80.0 [2] 96.8 [1,3] 68.7 [2] 

Page 10 of 57 
Question 

Rural/Urban 

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31. Why do you think your firefighters do not 

use their PASS devices more often? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. They don't have a PASS device to use 8.3 9.2 [2,3] 0.3 [1,3,+] 25.1 [1,

Situation doesn't require them 

Firefighters think the devices do not always 

6.3 8.7 [2] 1.4 [1,3] 9.1 [2] 

work reliably 0.2 0.2 [+] ** [+] 0.8 [+] 

Firefighters don't think they need them 3.2 5.4 [2,3] 1.0 [1,+] 0.4 [1,

Devices go off while firefighters are resting 2.6 3.7 [2,3] 1.3 [1,+] 1.4 [1,

Legitimately Skipped Question 84.5 80.6 [2] 96.8 [1,3] 68.7 [2] 

32. Does your department have Self Contained 

Breathing Apparatuses (SCBA) for your firefighters to use when combating structure fires? Yes 

No 

98.8 

1.2 

99.7 

0.3 

99.7 

0.3 [+]

93.3 

6.7

 [+] 

33. Do your firefighters ever have to share 

facepieces for SCBAs? 

Yes 

40.2 48.6 [2] 22.7 [1,3] 48.5 [2]

 No 58.6 51.1 [2] 77.0 [1,3] 44.7 [2] 

Legitimately Skipped Question 1.2 0.3 0.3 [+] 6.8 [+] 

33a. What are the reasons why your fire 

department does not have personally-fitted SCBA facepieces for all of your firefighters? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Didn't know it was recommended 3.1 3.5 [2] 1.1 [1,+] 6.1 

Firefighters don't like using the equipment 

Have never needed them (e.g., we don't do 

0.1 0.3 [+]   

interior attacks) 

They cost too much, there is not enough 

0.2 0.4 [2] **  [1] 0.2 [+] 

money in the budget 

We don't have enough equipment for all of 

25.6 32.2 [2] 11.1 [1,3] 33.6 [2] 

our firefighters 17.9 24.1 [2] 5.4 [1,3] 22.9 [2] 

Shared systems work fine for our needs 19.3 22.6 [2] 11.4 [1,3] 24.8 [2] Other 7.3 7.9 [3] 8.1 [+] 3.1 [1] Legitimately Skipped Question 59.8 51.5 [2] 77.4 [1,3] 50.8 [2] 

Page 11 of 57 
Question 

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34. About how often do you think your 

firefighters use SCBAs while fighting structure fires? 

Never 

0.4 0.4 [2] ** [1] 1.2 [+] 

Some of the time 2.3 3.2 [2] ** [1,3] 4.0 [2] 

About half the time 1.7 2.3 [2] ** [1,3] 3.3 [2] 

Most of the time 22.5 23.6 20.9 21.9 

Always 72.0 70.2 78.8 63.0 

Legitimately Skipped Question 1.2 0.3 0.3 [+] 6.7 [+] 

35. Why do you think your firefighters do not 

use SCBAs more often when fighting structure fires? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Situation doesn't require them 

Firefighters do not trust that the SCBAs will 

work reliably 

Firefighters don't think they need them 

Firefighters don't like sharing facepieces with 

others 

Firefighters are concerned that the SCBA may 

be or become contaminated 

Wearing SCBAs makes it more difficult to 

work 

Firefighters don't have SCBAs to use Legitimately Skipped Question 

20.1 

** 

11.4 

0.5 

** 

4.4 

2.7 

73.9 

22.7 

** [+]

9.9 

0.8 [2]

** [+]

6.3 [2]

4.3 [2]

71.3 

14.6 

** 

15.2 

**

 [1]

 ** 

1.8

 [1]

 ** [1,3]

79.2 

23.3 

** 

7.7 

0.6

 [+] 

** 

3.1 

3.0

 [2] 

71.5 

36. How often is routine maintenance 

performed on your SCBAs? After every time they are used Once a month or more Several times a year Once a year Less than once a year 

Never. Maintenance has not been done on our 

SCBAs. 

Does not apply. My department does not have 

SCBAs. 

Legitimately Skipped Question 

46.6 

16.7 

14.3 

17.6 

2.6 

0.8 

** 

1.5 

47.7 

17.4 

13.0 

17.5 

3.1 

0.9 

** 

0.4 

46.2 

16.0 

17.0 

18.6 

1.3 [+]

0.6 [+]

** 

0.4 [+]

42.8 

15.8 

12.0 

15.6 

4.0 0.6

 [+] 

** 

9.4

 [+] 

Page 12 of 57 
Question 

Rural/Urban 

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37. How many 

Chemical/Biological/Radiological/Nuclear (CBRN) SCBAs are available (or on order) for use by firefighters within your department at this time? Greater than zero 

Zero 

29.7 

70.3 

20.3 [2]

79.7 [2]

 47.5 [1,3] 52.5 [1,3]

 23.4 [2] 76.6 [2] 

37a. What are the reasons why your fire 

department does not have CBRN SCBAs? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

CBRN SCBA devices are not needed in our 

department 16.6 17.7 [2] 10.7 [1,3] 26.4 [2] 

We didn't know they were available 

We don't have adequate technical information 

11.2 13.6 [2] 6.9 [1] 12.1 

to purchase them 

We don't have adequate funding to purchase 

15.4 18.5 [2] 9.5 [1] 18.1 

them 50.8 60.6 [2] 33.9 [1,3] 53.9 [2]

 Other 7.1 5.7 [2] 10.7 [1,3] 3.7 [2] 

Legitimately Skipped Question 31.1 21.4 [2] 49.6 [1,3] 23.8 [2] 

38. Does your fire department have 

Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs)? 

Yes 

85.3 83.0 [2] 93.5 [1,3] 74.3 [2]

 No 14.7 17.0 [2] 6.5 [1,3] 25.7 [2] 38a. At your fire department, where do you 

have AEDs? At the fire station(s) 2.1 2.2 [2] 0.3 [1,+] 6.6 [+] 

On the emergency vehicles (or apparatus) 

Both at the fire station(s) and on the vehicles 

66.1 62.6 [2] 77.3 [1,3] 53.4 [2] 

(or apparatus) 14.8 16.5 [3] 14.6 8.4 [1] 

Legitimately Skipped Question 17.0 18.8 [2,3] 7.9 [1,3] 31.7 [1,

Page 13 of 57 
Question 

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39. How often has routine maintenance, 

including replacement of battery packs, been performed on your AEDs? After every time they are used 20.1 13.4 [2] 26.0 [1] 30.9 

Once a month or more 24.7 25.6 24.0 23.1 Several times a year 19.4 22.3 [3] 18.0 11.4 [1] 

Once a year 23.1 22.8 24.9 18.9 

Less frequently than once a year 

Never. Maintenance on our AEDs has not 

6.2 8.0 4.4 3.9 [+] 

been done. 6.5 8.0 [2] 2.6 [1,3] 11.9 [2] 

40. About how often do your firefighters carry 

radios or other two-way communication devices while responding to structure fires? 

Never 

1.5 2.4 [2] 0.3 [1,+] 1.0 [+] 

Some of the time 3.1 4.8 [2,3] 0.8 [1] 1.8 [1,

About half the time 1.6 2.2 [2] 0.8 [1,+] 1.3 [+] 

Most of the time 16.1 21.3 [2] 7.1 [1,3] 18.0 [2]

 Always 77.8 69.3 [2] 91.1 [1,3] 78.0 [2] 41. Some radios and other two-way 

communication devices can have problems under field conditions, such as bleed-over, interference, or loss of communication. About how often do your communication devices have these or other problems? Never 14.5 15.2 13.8 13.3 Some of the time 70.7 68.9 [2] 78.1 [1] 59.7 

About half the time 7.8 9.0 5.8 8.3 Most of the time 5.7 5.3 [2] 2.0 [1] 16.0 [+]

 Always 1.3 1.6 [2] 0.3 [1,+] 2.6 [+] 

Page 14 of 57 
Question 

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42. How would you rate your department's 

budget in the following areas? 

42a. Equipment  Not adequate 38.6 43.7 [2] 29.4 [1] 41.6 

Adequate 

54.0 50.5 [2] 59.8 [1] 53.2 

More than adequate 

42b. Training 

7.4 5.8 [2] 10.8 [1] 5.2 

Not adequate 36.0 37.3 35.9 30.9 Adequate 56.4 55.0 56.8 60.7 More than adequate 

42c. Personnel 

7.7 7.7 7.3 8.4 

 Not adequate 48.8 52.5 [2] 42.9 [1] 49.4 

Adequate 46.2 44.3 49.9 44.4 More than adequate 5.0 3.3 7.2 6.1 

43. How often have you seen NIOSH reports 

that describe recent firefighter fatalities and make recommendations for avoiding similar incidents? Please refer to the insert sheet included with this survey for examples of NIOSH firefighter safety reports. 

Never 

18.7 22.2 [2] 8.2 [1,3] 32.3 [2] 

One or two times per year 30.9 33.2 27.6 29.8 Several times per year 40.4 37.1 [2] 49.4 [1,3] 30.0 [2] 

Once a month or more 10.0 7.5 14.7 7.9 

44. How does your department receive the 

NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation reports? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. By mail 55.8 56.1 55.8 54.6 

On the Internet 39.8 33.6 [2] 53.2 [1,3] 31.3 [2] 

From colleagues in other departments 15.1 10.3 [2] 17.4 [1] 28.5 

At conferences or other meetings 10.8 7.6 [2] 17.0 [1,3] 8.1 [2] 

Legitimately Skipped Question 18.3 22.2 [2] 8.2 [1,3] 27.8 [2] 

Page 15 of 57 
Question 

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45. Have you read part or all of a NIOSH Fire 

Fighter Fatality Investigation report in the last 12 months? 

Yes 

64.8 58.8 [2] 78.7 [1,3] 54.5 [2]

 No 16.9 18.9 [2] 13.1 [1] 18.1 

Legitimately Skipped Question 18.3 22.3 [2] 8.2 [1,3] 27.4 [2] 

50. Does the fire department disseminate the 

information it receives from NIOSH to the firefighters?

 Yes 67.6 67.3 [3] 72.2 [3] 55.2 [1, No 13.5 10.0 [2] 19.6 [1] 12.0 

Legitimately Skipped Question 18.9 22.6 [2] 8.2 [1,3] 32.8 [2] 

50a. How is this information disseminated to 

firefighters? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

 Regular staff meetings 25.4 27.1 [2] 19.1 [1] 34.2 

Training sessions 

Provide copies of NIOSH reports to 

51.5 51.2 51.9 52.1 

firefighters 

Provide copies of NIOSH report summaries to 

21.0 17.9 24.2 25.9 

firefighters 

Provide summaries prepared by department to 

10.2 8.7 9.1 19.2 [+] 

firefighters 4.1 2.2 [2,3] 8.7 [1,3] ** [1,2,+] 

Postings on bulletin boards 43.1 41.6 44.9 44.5 Post report on the department website 3.8 4.5 [3] 4.2 [3] ** [1,2] Send message to firefighters by email 13.8 7.6 [2] 23.2 [1] 15.2 [+]

 Other 2.6 2.1 [3] 4.6 [3] ** [1,2] 

Legitimately Skipped Question 31.8 32.3 28.2 38.8 

51. The NIOSH reports sometimes reference 

other documents, such as guidelines or more detailed technical reports. Does your fire department usually have access to documents that are referenced in NIOSH reports? 

Yes 

50.4 42.3 [2] 70.2 [1,3] 33.5 [2]

 No 30.8 34.9 [2] 21.3 [1,3] 37.9 [2] 

Legitimately Skipped Question 18.8 22.8 [2] 8.4 [1,3] 28.6 [2] 

Page 16 of 57 
Question 

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52. NIOSH reports always include 

recommendations that are designed to help improve the health and safety of firefighters. How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about the NIOSH recommendations: 

52a. Recommendations are practical  Strongly Disagree 2.5 0.6 [+] 0.7 [+] 14.1 [+]

 Disagree 5.1 4.1 [3] 8.4 1.0 [1,

Neither Agree nor Disagree 18.4 19.7 16.9 17.2 

Agree 

50.3 48.9 [2] 58.8 [1,3] 35.3 [2] 

Strongly Agree 4.7 3.7 6.7 3.5 [+] Legitimately Skipped Question 

52b. Recommendations are easy to understand 

19.0 23.0 [2] 8.5 [1,3] 28.9 [2] 

 Strongly Disagree 2.4 0.5 [+] 0.7 [+] 14.2 [+] 

Disagree 1.5 1.5 1.8 0.8 [+] Neither Agree nor Disagree 16.9 20.7 [2] 12.2 [1] 13.3 

Agree 

54.2 49.6 [2] 68.0 [1,3] 38.3 [2]

 Strongly Agree 6.0 4.6 [2] 8.9 [1] 4.3 

Legitimately Skipped Question 

52c. Recommendations are specific and 

concrete 

19.1 23.1 [2] 8.5 [1,3] 29.2 [2] 

 Strongly Disagree 2.5 0.4 [+] 1.2 14.1 [+] Disagree 6.0 4.8 [3] 10.1 [3] 0.7 [1,

Neither Agree nor Disagree 24.2 26.8 21.6 20.3 

Agree 

43.5 41.4 [2] 51.1 [1,3] 33.1 [2] 

Strongly Agree 4.7 3.4 [2] 7.4 [1,3] 2.8 [2,

Legitimately Skipped Question 19.1 23.1 [2] 8.5 [1,3] 28.9 [2] 

Page 17 of 57 
Question 

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53. What other NIOSH materials have you 

seen? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Pocket guide to chemical hazards 63.7 59.7 [2] 75.7 [1,3] 49.8 [2] 

Respirator maintenance program guide 16.6 15.6 21.2 [3] 9.1 [2] CDs of firefighter program materials 32.3 30.3 [2,3] 41.1 [1,3] 18.4 [1,

 Alerts 44.2 37.8 [2] 57.6 [1,3] 36.2 [2] 

Hazard IDs 18.0 17.3 20.2 15.2 

 Workplace Solutions 14.3 15.6 [3] 15.1 [3] 7.0 [1,

 Other 1.0 0.9 [3] 1.6 [3] ** [1,2] 

None. I have not seen any NIOSH materials. 18.3 20.9 [2] 10.5 [1,3] 27.7 [2] 

53a. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with 

these NIOSH materials? Very dissatisfied 1.5 1.3 1.3 2.6 [+]

 Dissatisfied 0.1 0.3 [+]   

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied 19.0 21.0 [3] 18.6 12.3 [1]

 Satisfied 53.0 51.5 60.6 [3] 39.9 [2] Very satisfied 8.3 5.3 [2] 9.2 [1] 17.7 [+] 

Legitimately Skipped Question 18.1 20.7 [2] 10.4 [1,3] 27.5 [2] 

54. Have you ever visited the NIOSH website 

at www.cdc.gov/niosh/firehome.html? 

No 

44.0 51.4 [2] 26.9 [1,3] 57.3 [2] 

Yes, in the last year 50.0 41.2 [2] 68.1 [1,3] 39.4 [2] 

Yes, longer than one year ago 6.1 7.4 [3] 5.0 3.3 [1] 

Page 18 of 57 
Question 

Rural/Urban 

Total Rural Urban Unknow

55. In which of these ways would you most 

prefer to receive information about NIOSH recommendations? MARK YOUR THREE (3) FAVORITES. Cable television programming 5.2 5.6 4.7 5.0 

CD/DVD 

50.6 57.5 [2] 41.6 [1] 46.0 

Conference presentations or meeting 8.9 5.4 [2] 10.9 [1] 17.3 [+]

 Email 53.8 47.4 [2] 65.8 [1] 48.9 

Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation Reports 53.6 48.8 [2] 61.7 [1] 52.1 

 NIOSH Website 27.2 24.1 [2] 35.4 [1,3] 19.1 [2] 

One-page Fact Sheets 30.3 28.8 33.5 28.4 Pocket Guides 26.7 29.2 21.8 28.7 

Posters 

12.8 12.7 [2] 7.3 [1] 27.0 

Summary Reports 25.5 23.1 25.9 34.1 Training session/class 19.1 18.3 14.3 33.7 

Other 

1.1 0.9 0.9 [+] 2.3 [+] 

Note: Estimates are generated from the 2006 Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation, Fire Department Survey. Estimates within each column from the “Mark all that Apply” questions will not sum to 100. Estimates within each column from the other questions ma

rounding. The digits in square brackets beside an estimate [#] indicate the estimate is significantly different at the 95% confidence level from the corresponding essign within the square brackets [+] indicates the estimate has low precision. **  Estimate is less than 0.1 and therefore rounds to zero. 

Page 19 of 57 

Table 18.1 Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Population Protected 

Fire Fighter-Level Estimates 

Question 

Population Protected 

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000-49,999 

People 

0–4,999 

People 

1. Does your department have a Safety 

Officer? 

Yes 

79.0 92.8 [2,3] 77.2 [1] 75.3 [1]

 No 21.0 7.2 [2,3] 22.8 [1] 24.7 [1] 2. Does your department have a Training 

Officer? 

Yes 

93.3 99.6 [2,3] 93.6 [1] 90.8 [1]

 No 6.7 0.4 [2,3,+] 6.4 [1] 9.2 [1] 3. Some fire departments use Standard 

Operating Procedures (SOPs) or Standard Operating Guidelines (SOGs) to describe how certain situations should be approached. For which of the following does your department have SOPs/SOGs in place? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Incident Command Systems 89.6 97.9 [3] 95.2 [3] 82.5 [1,

 Maintenance of SCBAs 76.8 89.2 [2,3] 77.5 [1] 71.8 [1] 

Motor vehicle safety Participation in a personal physical fitness 

83.9 92.1 [2,3] 84.7 [1] 80.5 [1] 

program

Participation in regular health screenings for 

24.3 

48.8 [2,3] 24.3 [1] 15.6 [1] 

cardiovascular disease (CVD) 

Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs), also known 

as Rapid Intervention Crews (RICs) or Firefighter Assistance and Search Teams 

33.5 60.8 [2,3] 35.7 [1,3] 22.2 [1,

(FAST) 

Use of Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) 

58.8 90.5 [2,3] 67.7 [1,3] 40.9 [1,

devices 

Use of personal protective equipment and 

81.5 90.1 [3] 85.0 [3] 75.8 [1,

protective clothing 93.1 97.5 [2,3] 94.3 [1,3] 90.7 [1,

Use of radio communications 88.9 96.5 [2,3] 90.3 [1,3] 85.2 [1,

 Other 

Does not apply. Our fire department does not 

10.7 15.9 [3] 14.4 [3] 6.1 [1,

use SOPs/SOGs. 2.6 ** [2,3] 1.4 [1,3] 4.3 [1,

Page 1 of 57 
Question 

Population Protected 

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000-49,999 

People 

0–4,999 

People 

4. Do your firefighters receive training on any 

of the topics listed below? If so, is training optional or required? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

4a. Fighting structure fires  No Training 1.2 0.4 [+] ** [3,+] 2.3 [2]

 Optional Training 11.1 1.7 [2,3] 8.3 [1,3] 16.6 [1, Required Training 4b. Driving safety 

88.1 97.9 [2,3] 92.0 [1,3] 81.8 [1,

 No Training 2.3 1.3 [3,+] 0.9 [3] 3.6 [1, Optional Training 12.9 3.9 [2,3] 10.1 [1,3] 18.2 [1, Required Training 4c. Incident Command systems 

85.0 94.8 [2,3] 89.2 [1,3] 78.3 [1,

 No Training 1.5 0.5 [3,+] 0.5 [3] 2.6 [1, Optional Training 19.2 5.3 [2,3] 14.1 [1,3] 28.2 [1, Required Training 4d. Maintenance of Self-Contained Breathing 

Apparatuses (SCBAs) 

79.4 94.2 [2,3] 85.4 [1,3] 69.4 [1,

 No Training 5.1 4.5 [+] 3.9 6.2 

 Optional Training 27.6 8.8 [2,3] 26.0 [1,3] 35.4 [1,

 Required Training 4e. Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) 

67.7 87.5 [2,3] 70.4 [1,3] 58.6 [1,

 No Training 17.3 1.1 [2,3,+] 8.7 [1,3] 30.3 [1, Optional Training 32.7 10.1 [2,3] 35.2 [1] 39.1 [1] Required Training 4f. Use of personal protective equipment 

and/or protective clothing 

50.3 88.8 [2,3] 56.7 [1,3] 30.6 [1,

 No Training 1.1 0.8 [+] 1.0 1.3 

 Optional Training 6.9 1.8 [3] 6.9 8.7 [1]

 Required Training 4g. Use of radio communication devices 

92.2 97.4 [3] 92.4 90.1 [1] 

 No Training 2.3 1.3 [+] 2.3 2.6 

 Optional Training 15.6 4.8 [2,3] 14.3 [1] 20.5 [1]

 Required Training 82.4 94.9 [2,3] 83.5 [1] 77.2 [1] 

Page 2 of 57 
Question 

Population Protected 

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000-49,999 

People 

0–4,999 

People 

5. Who provides training to your firefighters? 

MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Our department's Training Officer 90.4 99.1 [2,3] 90.9 [1] 86.9 [1] 

Other officers within our department 88.2 97.5 [2,3] 90.0 [1,3] 83.5 [1,State fire training agency 

United States Fire Administration's (USFA) 

78.1 64.6 [2,3] 83.4 [1] 78.8 [1] 

National Fire Academy in Emmitsburg, MD 34.4 62.5 [2,3] 40.3 [1,3] 20.1 [1,

Conferences or regional meetings 60.7 71.5 [3] 64.7 [3] 53.9 [1,

 Other 25.6 21.5 [2] 32.2 [1,3] 22.0 [2] 6. What other trainings have your firefighters 

attended in the last 12 months? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Roadside incidents/Motor Vehicle Accidents 

(MVA) 57.7 52.9 65.6 [3] 53.3 [2]

 Scuba diving 11.9 22.3 [2,3] 11.4 [1] 8.6 [1] 

Swift water rescue 19.5 47.5 [2,3] 18.8 [1,3] 10.1 [1,Wildland fire fighting 40.3 32.6 [3] 36.3 [3] 46.2 [1,

 HAZMAT 74.3 85.6 [3] 80.1 [3] 65.7 [1, Other 38.1 50.2 [3] 37.6 34.2 [1] 8. How familiar are you with the National 

Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)? Not at all familiar 4.8 0.4 [2,3,+] 3.2 [1,3] 7.7 [1,

Not very familiar 17.1 4.1 [2,3] 13.8 [1,3] 24.1 [1,

 Somewhat familiar 58.1 47.6 [2] 62.9 [1] 58.1 

 Very familiar 20.0 47.9 [2,3] 20.2 [1,3] 10.1 [1,

9. How familiar are you with NIOSH's Fire 

Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP)? Not at all familiar 14.6 4.9 [2,3] 11.7 [1,3] 20.2 [1,

Not very familiar 27.2 14.3 [2,3] 26.6 [1] 32.2 [1] 

Somewhat familiar 41.3 41.5 45.2 38.2 

 Very familiar 16.9 39.3 [2,3] 16.6 [1] 9.4 [1] 

Page 3 of 57 
Question 

Population Protected 

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000-49,999 

People 

0–4,999 

People 

10. How does your department receive 

information about NIOSH's firefighter safety and health recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. NIOSH mailings 71.5 76.6 73.1 68.6 

National conference presentations 9.3 24.7 [2,3] 12.0 [1,3] 1.8 [1,

State-level conference presentations 15.5 20.3 [3] 17.7 12.1 [1] 

Other firefighters or departments 

At seminars or other training opportunities 

25.8 24.3 22.7 28.8 

(not conferences) 

Trade publications (such as Firehouse and 

21.4 24.7 22.2 19.6 

Fire Engineering) 55.5 64.4 [3] 62.3 [3] 47.1 [1,

 NIOSH website 

Links from other websites (such as NFPA and 

40.9 75.3 [2,3] 41.2 [1,3] 28.7 [1,

Firehouse) 36.8 56.6 [2,3] 36.9 [1] 29.8 [1] 

Media reports - newspaper, television, radio 15.9 15.4 17.0 15.3 

Other 

Does not apply. We have not received 

information about NIOSH 

2.7 3.6 [+] 1.3 3.5 [+] 

recommendations. 7.0 0.8 [2,3,+] 3.2 [1,3] 12.2 [1,

11. In what ways has your department used 

NIOSH recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Made changes to training program 48.5 56.9 [3] 56.1 [3] 39.6 [1,

Developed new SOPs/SOGs 35.3 39.2 39.0 30.9 Made changes to SOPs/SOGs 45.6 58.7 [3] 50.6 [3] 37.1 [1,Justified current budget/staffing 10.6 14.9 8.7 10.6 

Made new budget/staffing requests 12.2 19.7 [3] 14.9 7.4 [1,

Justified grant applications 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH 

19.7 28.0 [3] 20.4 16.1 [1] 

recommendations. 25.0 22.0 22.3 28.2 

Legitimately Skipped Question 7.3 0.8 [2,3,+] 3.3 [1,3] 12.8 [1,

Page 4 of 57 
Question 

Population Protected 

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000-49,999 

People 

0–4,999 

People 

11b. Can you identify topics of NIOSH 

recommendations that you have used for training purposes? If so, MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Traffic hazards 35.3 39.2 38.3 31.6 

Personal protective equipment and clothing 49.6 55.3 55.2 [3] 43.1 [2]

 SCBA 49.7 55.2 57.2 [3] 41.7 [2] PASS systems 40.4 39.6 48.1 [3] 34.6 [2] 

Incident Command systems 40.8 42.3 46.0 36.2 

 Radio communications 

Physical fitness and cardiovascular disease 

27.1 34.9 [3] 33.7 [3] 19.2 [1,

(CVD) 

Building code compliance (e.g., warning 

15.9 29.6 [2,3] 16.9 [1] 10.2 [1] 

against the use of wooden trusses) 9.9 10.6 9.3 10.2 

Other 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH 

4.8 4.3 4.1 5.4 [+] 

recommendations for training purposes. 1.8 2.3 [+] 1.4 1.9 

Legitimately Skipped Question 32.5 23.1 [3] 25.6 [3] 41.2 [1,

12. Does your department have a fitness 

training that involves physical exercise and/or other health promotion activities (for example a cardiovascular fitness program, physical training program, wellness program, or other fitness program)? 

No 

58.8 21.5 [2,3] 49.3 [1,3] 78.9 [1,

Yes, it's required 16.9 33.6 [2,3] 14.7 [1] 12.9 [1] 

Yes, it's optional 24.3 44.8 [3] 36.0 [3] 8.3 [1,

13. How often do your firefighters receive 

screenings for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors? 

One time, when they first join the department 14.5 13.2 [2] 23.4 [1,3] 8.1 [2] 

Less frequently than once a year 9.2 12.6 8.0 8.8 

One time a year 32.8 59.1 [2,3] 35.4 [1,3] 21.8 [1,

More than one time a year 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required 

0.4 0.9 [+] 0.6 [+] ** [+] 

to receive CVD screenings 43.2 14.2 [2,3] 32.6 [1,3] 61.3 [1,

Page 5 of 57 
Question 

Population Protected 

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000-49,999 

People 

0–4,999 

People 

14. Do all drivers of vehicles responding to 

emergency calls receive driver training before being allowed to operate the vehicles? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

No 

Yes, they receive training required by the 

4.1 3.6 [+] 2.1 [3] 5.9 [2] 

department 

Yes, they receive training required by the 

88.9 93.7 [3] 93.8 [3] 83.5 [1,

state 28.3 25.1 30.8 27.6 

Yes, they receive optional training 13.6 6.4 [2,3] 12.8 [1] 16.8 [1] 

15. How often do drivers of your fire 

department vehicles receive refresher driver training to continue being allowed to drive the vehicles? Two or more times a year 12.1 9.3 10.0 14.7 

 Once every year 43.6 42.1 49.4 [3] 39.7 [2] 

Less frequently than once a year 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required 

28.4 33.3 29.3 25.8 

to receive continuing driver training. 15.9 15.3 11.3 [3] 19.7 [2] 

16. Does your fire department have a 

requirement regarding seat belt use in emergency vehicles? 

Yes 

89.2 98.3 [2,3] 91.3 [1,3] 84.2 [1,

 No 10.8 1.7 [2,3,+] 8.7 [1,3] 15.8 [1,17. To what extent do you agree or disagree 

that your firefighters are able to fit comfortably in their seatbelts while wearing turnout gear in your emergency vehicles? Strongly disagree 6.8 6.4 6.7 7.1 Disagree 19.5 25.4 15.5 20.3 Neither agree nor disagree 25.2 10.7 [2,3] 27.7 [1] 28.4 [1] 

Agree 34.8 36.5 36.4 33.1 

 Strongly agree 13.7 20.9 [3] 13.7 11.1 [1] 

Page 6 of 57 
Question 

Population Protected 

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000-49,999 

People 

0–4,999 

People 

18. About how often do you think your 

firefighters use their seatbelts when riding in the emergency vehicles? 

Never 

3.6 0.2 [2,3,+] 2.2 [1,3] 5.8 [1,

Some of the time 22.3 20.4 21.1 23.8 About half the time 16.5 16.7 16.8 16.3 Most of the time 38.1 43.1 37.1 37.0 

Always 19.6 19.5 22.7 17.1 

21. How often is Incident Command 

established when responding to structure fires? 

Never 

1.3 0.7 [+] 0.5 [3,+] 2.0 [2]

 Rarely 3.6 0.2 [2,3,+] 1.7 [1,3] 6.4 [1,

About half the time 4.0 1.2 [3,+] 1.8 [3] 6.6 [1,

Most of the time 20.3 7.4 [2,3] 15.9 [1,3] 28.4 [1,

 Always 70.8 90.6 [2,3] 80.0 [1,3] 56.6 [1,22. What are the reasons why Incident 

Command is not always established by your fire department? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not usually big enough to require an 

Incident Commander 

Not enough firefighters available at the scene 

15.1 4.4 [3] 8.2 [3] 24.2 [1,

of the fire 12.6 1.4 [2,3,+] 7.4 [1,3] 20.7 [1,

Other 

Does not apply. My department always 

assigns an Incident Commander for 

4.7 3.3 4.2 5.6 

structure fires. 3.4 1.3 [3,+] 4.0 3.7 [1] 

Legitimately Skipped Question 70.8 90.9 [2,3] 80.1 [1,3] 56.4 [1,

Page 7 of 57 
Question 

Population Protected 

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000-49,999 

People 

0–4,999 

People 

23. When Incident Command is established for 

a structure fire, what are the Incident Commander's responsibilities? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Conduct an initial assessment before the other 

firefighters begin entering the building 

Develop and coordinate the fire attack 

91.2 90.7 94.4 [3] 88.9 [2] 

strategy 94.2 99.2 [2,3] 95.0 [1] 91.8 [1] 

Develop and initiate a risk management plan Document all assessments, plans and events 

63.6 80.9 [2,3] 68.0 [1,3] 53.9 [1,

related to the fire 

Ensure that at least four (4) firefighters are on 

42.2 48.6 42.1 39.9 

the scene before entering the building 70.4 76.0 66.6 71.4 

Establish a collapse zone around the building Establish Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) or 

53.9 66.9 [3] 55.8 47.7 [1] 

Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC) 

Identify and implement a communication 

64.6 96.3 [2,3] 71.3 [1,3] 47.9 [1,

strategy 

Monitor location of all firefighters at the 

67.5 71.8 67.5 65.9 

scene 77.2 89.3 [2,3] 74.8 [1] 74.5 [1]

 Other 10.4 12.6 12.6 8.0 

24. About how often does an Incident 

Commander assign an Incident Safety Officer when responding to structure fires? 

Never 

8.2 3.3 [3] 6.1 [3] 11.7 [1,

Some of the time 25.1 35.4 [2] 20.4 [1] 24.9 

About half the time 8.0 8.4 8.7 7.3 Most of the time 31.6 21.6 [2] 36.9 [1] 31.0 Always 27.2 31.3 27.8 25.1 

Page 8 of 57 
Question 

Population Protected 

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000-49,999 

People 

0–4,999 

People 

25. What are the reasons why an Incident 

Commander does not always assign an Incident Safety Officer? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not big enough to require an Incident 

Safety Officer 

Not enough firefighters are available at the 

28.0 23.8 26.4 31.0 

scene of the fire 42.4 20.8 [2,3] 45.2 [1] 48.5 [1]

 Other 

Does not apply. Our Incident Commanders 

always assign an Incident Safety Officer for 

20.4 40.1 [2,3] 18.9 [1] 13.9 [1] 

structure fires. 2.0 2.1 [+] 2.1 1.9 

Legitimately Skipped Question 27.5 31.4 28.1 25.6 

26. How often are Rapid Intervention Teams 

(RITs) or Rapid Intervention Crews (RICs) available at structure fires? 

Never 

17.6 1.4 [2,3] 8.9 [1,3] 30.2 [1,

Some of the time 16.3 3.7 [2,3] 17.0 [1] 20.2 [1] About half the time 5.5 4.9 [+] 6.1 5.3 

Most of the time 26.6 28.2 28.8 24.3 

 Always 34.0 61.7 [2,3] 39.1 [1,3] 20.0 [1,

27. In what situations are RITs/RICs 

established? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

When the building has more than one 

story/floor 

When there are enough firefighters on and at 

8.6 5.0 [2,3] 9.5 [1] 9.2 [1] 

the scene of the fire 

Whenever firefighters enter a burning 

28.7 19.2 [2,3] 32.8 [1] 28.9 [1] 

building 26.1 18.8 [3] 25.5 29.1 [1]

 Other 6.2 9.2 7.7 [3] 3.9 [2] 

Legitimately Skipped Question 51.7 63.1 [2,3] 48.1 [1] 50.3 [1] 

Page 9 of 57 
Question 

Population Protected 

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000-49,999 

People 

0–4,999 

People 

28. What are the reasons why your fire 

department does not use RITs/RICs in every structure fire? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

The structure fire may not be large enough to 

need an RIT/RIC 

We don't have enough equipment, SCBAs, or 

29.7 29.1 26.5 32.3 

turnout gear to establish an RIT/RIC 

We don't have enough firefighters available at 

4.9 ** [2,3] 3.1 [1,3] 8.0 [1,

the scene of the fire 

We don't have enough training or trained 

personnel at the scene to establish an 

41.7 17.8 [2,3] 39.8 [1,3] 51.8 [1,

RIT/RIC 13.6 3.9 [2,3,+] 10.6 [1,3] 19.4 [1,

We have never established an RIT/RIC 

We use other fire departments in the area for 

10.6 0.9 [2,3] 6.3 [1,3] 17.4 [1,

RITs/RICs 

We use other safety practices and so we don't 

22.6 2.6 [2,3] 25.5 [1] 27.6 [1] 

need them 2.6 1.1 [3] 0.9 [3] 4.3 [1,

Other 5.5 8.0 3.4 6.4 

Legitimately Skipped Question 34.4 62.1 [2,3] 39.6 [1,3] 20.4 [1,

29. Does your fire department have enough 

Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) devices for all firefighters for use when fighting structure fires? 

Yes No 

86.4 

13.6 

96.7 [3]

3.3 [3,+]

 94.3 [3]

 5.7 [3]

 76.6 [1,

 23.4 [1,

30. About how often do you think your 

firefighters wear their PASS devices when fighting structure fires? 

Never 

3.7 ** [2,3] 0.6 [1,3] 7.5 [1,

Some of the time 2.5 2.8 [+] 0.3 [3,+] 4.2 [2] 

About half the time 1.2 ** [2,3] 1.1 [1] 1.7 [1] 

Most of the time 8.5 1.7 [2,3,+] 7.3 [1,3] 11.8 [1,

 Always 84.1 95.5 [3] 90.7 [3] 74.9 [1,

Page 10 of 57 
Question 

Population Protected 

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000-49,999 

People 

0–4,999 

People 

31. Why do you think your firefighters do not 

use their PASS devices more often? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. They don't have a PASS device to use 8.3 2.8 [3,+] 2.0 [3] 15.2 [1,

Situation doesn't require them 

Firefighters think the devices do not always 

6.3 1.4 [3,+] 3.9 [3] 9.9 [1,

work reliably 0.2 ** 0.1 [+] 0.4 [+] 

Firefighters don't think they need them 3.2 2.7 [+] 2.2 4.2 

Devices go off while firefighters are resting 2.6 1.2 [+] 2.5 3.1 

Legitimately Skipped Question 84.5 95.5 [3] 91.5 [3] 75.1 [1,

32. Does your department have Self Contained 

Breathing Apparatuses (SCBA) for your firefighters to use when combating structure fires? Yes 

No 

98.8 

1.2 

99.8 

0.2 [+]

99.8 

0.2

 [+]

97.8 

2.2

 [+] 

33. Do your firefighters ever have to share 

facepieces for SCBAs? 

Yes 

40.2 19.1 [2,3] 35.5 [1,3] 51.1 [1,

 No 58.6 80.7 [2,3] 64.2 [1,3] 46.6 [1,

Legitimately Skipped Question 1.2 0.2 [+] 0.3 [+] 2.3 [+] 

33a. What are the reasons why your fire 

department does not have personally-fitted SCBA facepieces for all of your firefighters? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Didn't know it was recommended 3.1 ** [2,3] 2.3 [1,3] 4.9 [1,

Firefighters don't like using the equipment 

Have never needed them (e.g., we don't do 

0.1   0.3 [+] 

interior attacks) 

They cost too much, there is not enough 

0.2 **  [3] ** [3] 0.5 [1,

money in the budget 

We don't have enough equipment for all of 

25.6 8.1 [2,3] 22.9 [1,3] 33.8 [1,

our firefighters 17.9 3.2 [2,3,+] 13.1 [1,3] 26.7 [1,

Shared systems work fine for our needs 19.3 12.7 [+] 16.0 [3] 24.1 [2] Other 7.3 12.4 [+] 9.2 [3] 4.0 [2] Legitimately Skipped Question 59.8 81.2 [2,3] 63.9 [1,3] 49.2 [1,

Page 11 of 57 
Question 

Population Protected 

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000-49,999 

People 

0–4,999 

People 

34. About how often do you think your 

firefighters use SCBAs while fighting structure fires? 

Never 

0.4 ** [3] ** [3] 0.7 [1,

Some of the time 2.3 ** [2,3] 0.6 [1,3,+] 4.4 [1,About half the time 1.7 0.4 [3,+] 0.4 [3,+] 3.1 [1,

Most of the time 22.5 26.9 13.9 [3] 27.3 [2]

 Always 72.0 72.6 84.8 [3] 62.2 [2] 

Legitimately Skipped Question 1.2 0.2 [+] 0.3 [+] 2.3 [+] 

35. Why do you think your firefighters do not 

use SCBAs more often when fighting structure fires? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Situation doesn't require them 

Firefighters do not trust that the SCBAs will 

work reliably 

Firefighters don't think they need them 

Firefighters don't like sharing facepieces with 

others 

Firefighters are concerned that the SCBA may 

be or become contaminated 

Wearing SCBAs makes it more difficult to 

work 

Firefighters don't have SCBAs to use Legitimately Skipped Question 

20.1 

** 

11.4 

0.5 

** 

4.4 

2.7 

73.9 

22.2 

** 

17.0 

** [3]

** 

4.3 [+]

2.7 [+]

73.7 

11.2 [3]

** 

6.5 

0.3

 [+]

** [+]

 3.0 1.3

 [3]

85.5 [3]

 26.1 [2] 

** [+] 

13.0 

0.8

 [1] 

** 

5.5 

3.8

 [2] 

65.3

 [2] 

36. How often is routine maintenance 

performed on your SCBAs? After every time they are used Once a month or more Several times a year Once a year Less than once a year 

Never. Maintenance has not been done on our 

SCBAs. 

Does not apply. My department does not have 

SCBAs. 

Legitimately Skipped Question 

46.6 

16.7 

14.3 17.6 

2.6 

0.8 

** 

1.5 

48.6 

7.8 [2,3]

19.3 

20.9 

2.4 [+]

0.8 [+]

** 

0.2 [+]

51.5 [3]

 19.2 [1]

14.0 

13.9 

1.0

 [3]

 0.1 [3,+]

** 

0.3

 [+]

 41.7 [2] 18.3

 [1] 

12.4 

19.4 

3.9

 [2] 

1.3

 [2] 

** 

2.9

 [+] 

Page 12 of 57 
Question 

Population Protected 

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000-49,999 

People 

0–4,999 

People 

37. How many 

Chemical/Biological/Radiological/Nuclear (CBRN) SCBAs are available (or on order) for use by firefighters within your department at this time? Greater than zero 

Zero 

29.7 

70.3 

51.0 [2,3]

49.0 [2,3]

 32.2 [1,3] 67.8 [1,3]

 20.2 [1, 79.8 [1,

37a. What are the reasons why your fire 

department does not have CBRN SCBAs? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

CBRN SCBA devices are not needed in our 

department 16.6 10.5 [3] 11.7 [3] 22.4 [1,

We didn't know they were available 

We don't have adequate technical information 

11.2 3.5 [2,3] 10.0 [1] 14.7 [1] 

to purchase them 

We don't have adequate funding to purchase 

15.4 5.2 [2,3] 14.6 [1] 19.7 [1] 

them 50.8 33.5 [2,3] 49.9 [1] 57.6 [1]

 Other 7.1 17.1 [2,3] 5.4 [1] 4.8 [1] 

Legitimately Skipped Question 31.1 54.1 [2,3] 34.1 [1,3] 20.8 [1,

38. Does your fire department have 

Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs)? 

Yes 

85.3 97.7 [2,3] 89.5 [1,3] 77.7 [1,

 No 14.7 2.3 [2,3] 10.5 [1,3] 22.3 [1,38a. At your fire department, where do you 

have AEDs? At the fire station(s) 2.1 0.6 [3,+] 0.5 [3,+] 3.8 [1,

On the emergency vehicles (or apparatus) 

Both at the fire station(s) and on the vehicles 

66.1 81.0 [2,3] 68.1 [1] 59.7 [1] 

(or apparatus) 14.8 15.5 19.1 11.4 

Legitimately Skipped Question 17.0 2.9 [2,3] 12.2 [1,3] 25.1 [1,

Page 13 of 57 
Question 

Population Protected 

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000-49,999 

People 

0–4,999 

People 

39. How often has routine maintenance, 

including replacement of battery packs, been performed on your AEDs? After every time they are used 20.1 33.0 [2,3] 16.2 [1] 17.6 [1] 

Once a month or more 24.7 29.9 25.0 22.2 Several times a year 19.4 17.8 19.5 20.1 Once a year 23.1 13.7 [2,3] 27.5 [1] 23.5 [1] 

Less frequently than once a year 

Never. Maintenance on our AEDs has not 

6.2 4.7 [+] 6.9 6.3 

been done. 6.5 0.8 [2,3,+] 5.0 [1,3] 10.4 [1,

40. About how often do your firefighters carry 

radios or other two-way communication devices while responding to structure fires? 

Never 

1.5 0.3 [3,+] 2.0 [+] 1.5 [1] 

Some of the time 3.1 0.1 [2,3,+] 2.3 [1,3] 4.7 [1,

About half the time 1.6 0.6 [3,+] 1.0 2.4 [1] 

Most of the time 16.1 5.8 [2,3] 13.1 [1,3] 22.1 [1,

 Always 77.8 93.2 [2,3] 81.6 [1,3] 69.3 [1,41. Some radios and other two-way 

communication devices can have problems under field conditions, such as bleed-over, interference, or loss of communication. About how often do your communication devices have these or other problems? 

Never 

14.5 9.1 [2,3] 16.1 [1] 15.2 [1] 

Some of the time 70.7 83.2 [2,3] 72.3 [1] 65.1 [1] 

About half the time 7.8 5.3 7.8 8.7 

Most of the time 5.7 1.9 3.4 8.7 

 Always 1.3 0.5 [3,+] 0.3 [3,+] 2.3 [1,

Page 14 of 57 
Question 

Population Protected 

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000-49,999 

People 

0–4,999 

People 

42. How would you rate your department's 

budget in the following areas? 

42a. Equipment  Not adequate 38.6 27.2 [3] 34.8 [3] 45.7 [1,

 Adequate 54.0 64.0 [3] 54.9 49.6 [1] 

More than adequate 

42b. Training 

7.4 8.8 10.3 [3] 4.6 [2] 

 Not adequate 36.0 43.2 [2] 31.1 [1] 37.2 

Adequate 56.4 51.3 57.4 57.4 More than adequate 

42c. Personnel 

7.7 5.5 11.5 [3] 5.4 [2] 

Not adequate 48.8 48.0 47.6 50.0 Adequate 46.2 47.9 46.6 45.3 More than adequate 5.0 4.1 5.8 4.7 

43. How often have you seen NIOSH reports 

that describe recent firefighter fatalities and make recommendations for avoiding similar incidents? Please refer to the insert sheet included with this survey for examples of NIOSH firefighter safety reports. 

Never 

18.7 5.8 [2,3] 13.8 [1,3] 27.4 [1,

One or two times per year 30.9 23.6 32.9 32.0 Several times per year 40.4 44.4 44.9 [3] 35.3 [2] Once a month or more 10.0 26.2 [2,3] 8.3 [1] 5.3 [1] 

44. How does your department receive the 

NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation reports? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. By mail 55.8 59.6 54.5 55.4 On the Internet 39.8 63.5 [2,3] 43.5 [1,3] 28.5 [1,

From colleagues in other departments 15.1 17.5 14.0 15.1 At conferences or other meetings 10.8 22.1 [2,3] 10.2 [1] 7.2 [1] Legitimately Skipped Question 18.3 5.8 [2,3] 13.8 [1,3] 26.2 [1,

Page 15 of 57 
Question 

Population Protected 

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000-49,999 

People 

0–4,999 

People 

45. Have you read part or all of a NIOSH Fire 

Fighter Fatality Investigation report in the last 12 months? 

Yes 

64.8 86.2 [2,3] 68.4 [1,3] 54.5 [1,

 No 16.9 8.1 [2,3] 17.7 [1] 19.4 [1] 

Legitimately Skipped Question 18.3 5.7 [2,3] 13.9 [1,3] 26.1 [1,

50. Does the fire department disseminate the 

information it receives from NIOSH to the firefighters?

 Yes 67.6 72.7 73.0 [3] 61.2 [2] 

No 13.5 21.5 13.0 11.0 

Legitimately Skipped Question 18.9 5.8 [2,3] 14.0 [1,3] 27.8 [1,

50a. How is this information disseminated to 

firefighters? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Regular staff meetings 25.4 23.2 25.5 26.1 

Training sessions 

Provide copies of NIOSH reports to 

51.5 52.4 54.3 49.1 

firefighters 

Provide copies of NIOSH report summaries to 

21.0 21.0 27.1 [3] 16.5 [2] 

firefighters 

Provide summaries prepared by department to 

10.2 5.8 [2] 13.9 [1] 9.0 

firefighters 4.1 11.7 [2,3] 3.0 [1] 2.2 [1] 

Postings on bulletin boards 43.1 28.5 [2,3] 48.7 [1] 44.0 [1] 

Post report on the department website 3.8 6.5 [3] 6.5 [+] 0.8 [1] 

Send message to firefighters by email 13.8 31.2 [2,3] 10.5 [1] 10.2 [1]

 Other 2.6 9.8 [2,3] 1.7 [1] 0.8 [1] 

Legitimately Skipped Question 31.8 27.7 27.0 [3] 37.0 [2] 

51. The NIOSH reports sometimes reference 

other documents, such as guidelines or more detailed technical reports. Does your fire department usually have access to documents that are referenced in NIOSH reports? 

Yes 

50.4 82.1 [2,3] 54.3 [1,3] 36.4 [1,

 No 30.8 11.8 [2,3] 31.6 [1] 36.8 [1] 

Legitimately Skipped Question 18.8 6.1 [2,3] 14.1 [1,3] 26.8 [1,

Page 16 of 57 
Question 

Population Protected 

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000-49,999 

People 

0–4,999 

People 

52. NIOSH reports always include 

recommendations that are designed to help improve the health and safety of firefighters. How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about the NIOSH recommendations: 

52a. Recommendations are practical  Strongly Disagree 2.5 1.7 [+] 0.4 [+] 4.2 [+]

 Disagree 5.1 12.3 [+] 4.9 2.7 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 18.4 19.1 17.8 18.7 

Agree 

50.3 53.2 57.4 [3] 44.0 [2] 

Strongly Agree 4.7 7.7 4.9 3.5 

Legitimately Skipped Question 

52b. Recommendations are easy to understand 

19.0 6.0 [2,3] 14.5 [1,3] 27.0 [1,

 Strongly Disagree 2.4 2.0 [+] 0.2 [+] 4.2 [+] Disagree 1.5 1.4 [+] 2.5 [3] 0.8 [2] 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 16.9 10.3 [3] 15.5 20.2 [1]

 Agree 54.2 68.8 [3] 61.5 [3] 43.5 [1, Strongly Agree 6.0 11.5 [3] 5.8 4.2 [1] 

Legitimately Skipped Question 

52c. Recommendations are specific and 

concrete 

19.1 6.0 [2,3] 14.6 [1,3] 27.0 [1,

 Strongly Disagree 2.5 2.4 [+] 0.4 [+] 4.1 [+] Disagree 6.0 19.5 [2,3] 4.2 [1] 2.7 [1] 

Neither Agree nor Disagree 24.2 15.8 [2,3] 27.7 [1] 24.5 [1]

 Agree 43.5 46.9 48.8 [3] 38.4 [2] 

Strongly Agree 4.7 9.4 [3] 4.2 3.4 [1] 

Legitimately Skipped Question 19.1 6.0 [2,3] 14.7 [1,3] 26.9 [1,

Page 17 of 57 
Question 

Population Protected 

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000-49,999 

People 

0–4,999 

People 

53. What other NIOSH materials have you 

seen? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Pocket guide to chemical hazards 63.7 82.6 [2,3] 65.6 [1,3] 55.4 [1,

Respirator maintenance program guide 16.6 21.6 [3] 19.6 [3] 12.4 [1,CDs of firefighter program materials 32.3 45.1 [2,3] 30.5 [1] 29.1 [1]

 Alerts 44.2 64.5 [2,3] 45.7 [1] 35.7 [1] 

Hazard IDs 18.0 20.1 20.3 15.4 

 Workplace Solutions 14.3 14.0 20.2 [3] 9.7 [2]

 Other 1.0 2.8 1.0 [+] 0.4 [+] 

None. I have not seen any NIOSH materials. 18.3 5.7 [2,3] 15.3 [1,3] 25.2 [1,

53a. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with 

these NIOSH materials? Very dissatisfied 1.5 2.6 0.9 1.5 

 Dissatisfied 0.1   [+] 0.3 [+] 

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied 19.0 21.0 18.8 18.4 

Satisfied 

53.0 59.1 59.1 [3] 46.0 [2] 

Very satisfied 8.3 11.6 6.1 8.8 

Legitimately Skipped Question 18.1 5.8 [2,3] 15.0 [1,3] 25.0 [1,

54. Have you ever visited the NIOSH website 

at www.cdc.gov/niosh/firehome.html? 

No 

44.0 11.3 [2,3] 42.9 [1,3] 56.5 [1,

Yes, in the last year 50.0 80.2 [2,3] 51.0 [1,3] 38.2 [1,

Yes, longer than one year ago 6.1 8.5 6.0 5.2 

Page 18 of 57 
Question 

Population Protected 

Total 

50,000 + 

People 

5,000-49,999 

People 

0–4,999 

People 

55. In which of these ways would you most 

prefer to receive information about NIOSH recommendations? MARK YOUR THREE (3) FAVORITES. Cable television programming 5.2 3.3 4.2 6.7 

CD/DVD 

50.6 39.2 [2,3] 53.4 [1] 52.6 [1] 

Conference presentations or meeting 8.9 7.6 9.2 9.1 

 Email 53.8 76.5 [2,3] 55.7 [1,3] 44.1 [1,

Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation Reports 53.6 62.0 [3] 56.9 48.0 [1]

 NIOSH Website 27.2 40.9 [2,3] 28.1 [1,3] 21.5 [1,

One-page Fact Sheets 30.3 27.1 33.8 28.8 

 Pocket Guides 26.7 19.2 [3] 22.3 [3] 32.7 [1,

 Posters 12.8 5.6 [2,3] 11.0 [1] 16.9 [1] 

Summary Reports 25.5 26.8 24.4 26.0 

 Training session/class 19.1 11.6 [3] 16.7 23.6 [1]

 Other 1.1 **  [3] 1.0 [+] 1.5 [1] Note: The 0-4,999 column includes those records with a missing value for population protected. Estimates are generated from the 2006 Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation, Fire Department Survey.
 Estimates within each column from the “Mark all that Apply” questions will not sum to 100. Estimates within each column from the other questions ma

rounding. The digits in square brackets beside an estimate [#] indicate the estimate is significantly different at the 95% confidence level from the corresponding essign within the square brackets [+] indicates the estimate has low precision. ** Estimate is less than 0.1 and therefore rounds to zero. 

Page 19 of 57 

Table 19.1 Results from the Fire Department Survey, Percent Estimates by Fatality and FFFIPP Investig

Fire Fighter-Level Estimates 

Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality without 

Investigation No Fa

1. Does your department have a Safety 

Officer? 

Yes 

79.0 92.4 [3] 90.1 [3] 78.

 No 21.0 7.6 [3] 9.9 [3] 22.2. Does your department have a Training 

Officer? 

Yes 

93.3 99.3 [3] 97.2 [3] 92.

 No 6.7 0.7 [3] 2.8 [3] 7.3. Some fire departments use Standard 

Operating Procedures (SOPs) or Standard Operating Guidelines (SOGs) to describe how certain situations should be approached. For which of the following does your department have SOPs/SOGs in place? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Incident Command Systems 89.6 98.7 [3] 97.5 [3] 89.

 Maintenance of SCBAs 76.8 94.8 [2,3] 64.4 [1] 76.

Motor vehicle safety Participation in a personal physical fitness 

83.9 96.1 [3] 91.4 [3] 83.

program

Participation in regular health screenings for 

24.3 

39.0 38.4 23.

cardiovascular disease (CVD) 

Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs), also known 

as Rapid Intervention Crews (RICs) or Firefighter Assistance and Search Teams 

33.5 70.7 [3] 39.1 31.

(FAST) 

Use of Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) 

58.8 92.3 [2,3] 62.5 [1] 57.

devices 

Use of personal protective equipment and 

81.5 93.2 [2,3] 67.9 [1] 81.

protective clothing 93.1 97.6 [3] 92.8 92.

Use of radio communications 88.9 96.8 [3] 94.2 [3] 88.

 Other 

Does not apply. Our fire department does not 

10.7 11.3 [+] 20.3 [+] 10.

use SOPs/SOGs. 2.6 ** [3] 0.2 [3,+] 2.

Page 1 of 57 
Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality without 

Investigation No Fa

4. Do your firefighters receive training on any 

of the topics listed below? If so, is training optional or required? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

4a. Fighting structure fires  No Training 1.2 2.7 [+] 4.6 [+] 1.

 Optional Training 11.1 2.5 [3,+] 22.9 [+] 11. Required Training 4b. Driving safety 

88.1 94.8 72.5 88.

 No Training 2.3 0.9 [+] 3.9 [+] 2.

 Optional Training 12.9 6.5 [+] 8.3 13.

 Required Training 4c. Incident Command systems 

85.0 92.7 87.8 84.

 No Training 1.5 0.2 [3,+] 3.9 [+] 1.

 Optional Training 19.2 2.8 [2,3,+] 11.2 [1,3] 20. Required Training 4d. Maintenance of Self-Contained Breathing 

Apparatuses (SCBAs) 

79.4 96.9 [2,3] 84.9 [1] 78.

 No Training 5.1 0.9 [3,+] 20.0 [+] 4. Optional Training 27.6 4.8 [2,3,+] 15.9 [1,3] 28. Required Training 4e. Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) 

67.7 94.3 [2,3] 64.0 [1] 66.

 No Training 17.3 1.6 [3] 22.1 [+] 17. Optional Training 32.7 6.6 [2,3] 24.9 [1] 34. Required Training 4f. Use of personal protective equipment 

and/or protective clothing 

50.3 91.8 [2,3] 53.0 [1] 48.

 No Training 1.1 2.6 [+] ** [3] 1. Optional Training 6.9 1.2 [3,+] 5.4 7. Required Training 4g. Use of radio communication devices 

92.2 96.2 94.7 91.

 No Training 2.3 3.7 [+] 0.1 [3,+] 2. Optional Training 15.6 5.3 [3,+] 11.7 16. Required Training 82.4 91.0 88.2 81.

Page 2 of 57 
Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality without 

Investigation No Fa

5. Who provides training to your firefighters? 

MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Our department's Training Officer 90.4 98.5 [3] 95.2 [3] 89.

Other officers within our department 88.2 98.6 [3] 93.6 87.State fire training agency 

United States Fire Administration's (USFA) 

78.1 52.8 87.4 79.

National Fire Academy in Emmitsburg, MD 34.4 36.6 44.2 34.

Conferences or regional meetings 60.7 56.0 81.1 [3] 60.

 Other 25.6 13.0 [3] 17.7 26.6. What other trainings have your firefighters 

attended in the last 12 months? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Roadside incidents/Motor Vehicle Accidents 

(MVA) 57.7 43.4 36.2 [3] 58.

 Scuba diving 11.9 21.6 [+] 8.4 [+] 11.

Swift water rescue 19.5 37.7 24.8 18.Wildland fire fighting 40.3 30.4 40.1 40.

HAZMAT 

74.3 63.0 77.2 74.

Other 

38.1 69.5 [2,3] 18.1 [1,3] 37.

8. How familiar are you with the National 

Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)? Not at all familiar 4.8 0.3 [3,+] 0.5 [3,+] 5.

Not very familiar 17.1 6.4 [3,+] 6.8 [3] 17.

 Somewhat familiar 58.1 21.8 [2,3] 56.6 [1] 59. Very familiar 20.0 71.4 [2,3] 36.1 [1] 17.9. How familiar are you with NIOSH's Fire 

Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP)? Not at all familiar 14.6 7.5 [+] 2.0 [3] 15.

Not very familiar 27.2 3.7 [3,+] 10.2 [3] 28.

 Somewhat familiar 41.3 17.7 [2,3] 63.6 [1,3] 41. Very familiar 16.9 71.1 [2,3] 24.3 [1] 14.

Page 3 of 57 
Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality without 

Investigation No Fa

10. How does your department receive 

information about NIOSH's firefighter safety and health recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

 NIOSH mailings 71.5 82.5 61.2 71.

National conference presentations 9.3 14.4 [+] 6.4 9.

State-level conference presentations 15.5 8.4 [+] 4.8 [3] 16.

Other firefighters or departments 

At seminars or other training opportunities 

25.8 21.4 39.0 25.

(not conferences) 

Trade publications (such as Firehouse and 

21.4 12.0 15.2 22.

Fire Engineering) 55.5 68.8 47.0 55.

 NIOSH website 

Links from other websites (such as NFPA and 

40.9 84.2 [2,3] 58.0 [1] 38.

Firehouse) 36.8 64.9 [3] 49.4 35.

Media reports - newspaper, television, radio 15.9 8.9 [+] 11.6 16.

Other 

Does not apply. We have not received 

information about NIOSH 

2.7 0.6 [+] 12.4 [+] 2.

recommendations. 7.0 3.3 [+] 2.1 [3,+] 7.

11. In what ways has your department used 

NIOSH recommendations? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Made changes to training program 48.5 42.1 46.4 48.Developed new SOPs/SOGs 35.3 32.0 41.5 35.Made changes to SOPs/SOGs 45.6 44.8 60.2 45.Justified current budget/staffing 10.6 13.1 7.1 10.Made new budget/staffing requests 12.2 19.8 10.3 11.

Justified grant applications 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH 

19.7 20.0 11.9 19.

recommendations. 25.0 41.1 [+] 24.6 24.

Legitimately Skipped Question 7.3 3.5 [+] 2.2 [3,+] 7.

Page 4 of 57 
Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality without 

Investigation No Fa

11b. Can you identify topics of NIOSH 

recommendations that you have used for training purposes? If so, MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

 Traffic hazards 35.3 27.2 50.5 35.

Personal protective equipment and clothing 49.6 33.3 44.6 50.

SCBA 

49.7 32.6 42.9 50.

 PASS systems 40.4 28.3 35.5 41.

Incident Command systems 40.8 28.2 56.5 40.

 Radio communications 

Physical fitness and cardiovascular disease 

27.1 23.0 37.0 27.

(CVD) 

Building code compliance (e.g., warning 

15.9 31.4 36.3 14.

against the use of wooden trusses) 9.9 7.7 [+] 3.6 [3,+] 10.

 Other 

Does not apply. We have not used NIOSH 

4.8 4.6 [+] 1.6 [+] 4.

recommendations for training purposes. 1.8 0.4 [3,+] 2.5 [+] 1.

Legitimately Skipped Question 32.5 45.7 27.4 32.

12. Does your department have a fitness 

training that involves physical exercise and/or other health promotion activities (for example a cardiovascular fitness program, physical training program, wellness program, or other fitness program)? 

No 

58.8 23.2 [3] 33.4 [3] 60.

Yes, it's required 16.9 26.1 30.5 16.

Yes, it's optional 24.3 50.6 36.2 22.

13. How often do your firefighters receive 

screenings for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors? 

One time, when they first join the department 14.5 6.0 [3,+] 11.7 14.

Less frequently than once a year 9.2 3.3 [3,+] 19.9 [+] 9.

One time a year 32.8 68.3 [3] 45.4 31.More than one time a year 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required 

0.4 ** [3] ** [3] 0.

to receive CVD screenings 43.2 22.4 [3] 22.9 [3] 44.

Page 5 of 57 
Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality without 

Investigation No Fa

14. Do all drivers of vehicles responding to 

emergency calls receive driver training before being allowed to operate the vehicles? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

No 

Yes, they receive training required by the 

4.1 0.3 [3,+] 13.6 [+] 4.

department 

Yes, they receive training required by the 

88.9 96.8 [3] 80.0 88.

state 28.3 11.9 [3] 10.7 [3] 29.

Yes, they receive optional training 13.6 5.1 [3,+] 10.1 14.

15. How often do drivers of your fire 

department vehicles receive refresher driver training to continue being allowed to drive the vehicles? Two or more times a year 12.1 4.6 [3] 3.9 [3] 12.

 Once every year 43.6 63.6 [2] 17.7 [1,3] 43.

Less frequently than once a year 

Does not apply. Firefighters are not required 

28.4 20.3 [2] 54.5 [1,3] 28.

to receive continuing driver training. 15.9 11.4 23.9 15.

16. Does your fire department have a 

requirement regarding seat belt use in emergency vehicles? 

Yes 

89.2 98.6 [3] 96.3 [3] 88.

 No 10.8 1.4 [3,+] 3.7 [3] 11.17. To what extent do you agree or disagree 

that your firefighters are able to fit comfortably in their seatbelts while wearing turnout gear in your emergency vehicles? 

 Strongly disagree 6.8 5.3 [+] 3.2 [+] 7.

Disagree 

19.5 43.2 19.8 [+] 18.

Neither agree nor disagree 25.2 8.2 [3] 23.7 26.

 Agree 34.8 26.7 11.5 [3] 35. Strongly agree 13.7 16.5 [+] 41.8 [3] 12.

Page 6 of 57 
Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality without 

Investigation No Fa

18. About how often do you think your 

firefighters use their seatbelts when riding in the emergency vehicles? 

Never 

3.6 0.7 [3,+] 0.7 [3,+] 3.

Some of the time 22.3 40.8 32.3 21.About half the time 16.5 11.1 [+] 24.3 16.

Most of the time 38.1 36.3 26.6 38.

 Always 19.6 11.2 16.1 20.21. How often is Incident Command 

established when responding to structure fires? 

Never 

1.3 ** [3] 1.5 [+] 1.

 Rarely 3.6 1.0 [3,+] 0.7 [3,+] 3.

About half the time 4.0 0.3 [3,+] 0.5 [3,+] 4.

Most of the time 20.3 5.3 [3,+] 10.7 [3] 21.

 Always 70.8 93.4 [3] 86.7 [3] 69.22. What are the reasons why Incident 

Command is not always established by your fire department? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not usually big enough to require an 

Incident Commander 

Not enough firefighters available at the scene 

15.1 3.5 [3,+] 5.3 [3] 15.

of the fire 12.6 1.4 [3] 6.0 [3] 13.

 Other 

Does not apply. My department always 

assigns an Incident Commander for 

4.7 1.6 [3,+] 4.5 [+] 4.

structure fires. 3.4 0.4 [3,+] 0.9 [3,+] 3.

Legitimately Skipped Question 70.8 93.5 [3] 88.9 [3] 69.

Page 7 of 57 
Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality without 

Investigation No Fa

23. When Incident Command is established for 

a structure fire, what are the Incident Commander's responsibilities? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Conduct an initial assessment before the other 

firefighters begin entering the building 

Develop and coordinate the fire attack 

91.2 89.3 75.5 91.

strategy 94.2 95.2 93.0 94.

Develop and initiate a risk management plan Document all assessments, plans and events 

63.6 83.0 [3] 69.3 62.

related to the fire 

Ensure that at least four (4) firefighters are on 

42.2 45.0 43.9 42.

the scene before entering the building 70.4 59.5 57.1 71.

Establish a collapse zone around the building Establish Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) or 

53.9 77.7 [3] 49.6 52.

Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC) 

Identify and implement a communication 

64.6 95.0 [2,3] 69.5 [1] 63.

strategy

Monitor location of all firefighters at the 

67.5 

79.8 [2] 50.8 [1] 67.

scene 77.2 93.9 [3] 83.5 76.

 Other 10.4 17.0 [+] 9.8 10.

24. About how often does an Incident 

Commander assign an Incident Safety Officer when responding to structure fires? 

Never 

8.2 0.7 [3,+] 17.2 [+] 8.

Some of the time 25.1 45.4 26.2 24.About half the time 8.0 13.9 [+] 2.8 [3,+] 7.Most of the time 31.6 13.4 [3] 15.1 [3] 32.

 Always 27.2 26.6 38.7 26.

Page 8 of 57 
Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality without 

Investigation No Fa

25. What are the reasons why an Incident 

Commander does not always assign an Incident Safety Officer? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

Fires are not big enough to require an Incident 

Safety Officer 

Not enough firefighters are available at the 

28.0 23.9 [+] 8.4 [3] 28.

scene of the fire 42.4 12.0 [3] 28.4 44.

 Other 

Does not apply. Our Incident Commanders 

always assign an Incident Safety Officer for 

20.4 41.4 40.9 18.

structure fires. 2.0 0.5 [3,+] 0.7 [+] 2.

Legitimately Skipped Question 27.5 26.6 39.7 27.

26. How often are Rapid Intervention Teams 

(RITs) or Rapid Intervention Crews (RICs) available at structure fires? 

Never 

17.6 2.2 [3] 20.2 [+] 18.

Some of the time 16.3 2.0 [2,3] 11.0 [1] 17.About half the time 5.5 14.7 [+] 1.7 [3,+] 5.

Most of the time 26.6 13.5 [3] 18.5 [+] 27.

 Always 34.0 67.6 [3] 48.6 32.27. In what situations are RITs/RICs 

established? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

When the building has more than one 

story/floor 

When there are enough firefighters on and at 

8.6 1.2 [3,+] 4.6 [+] 9.

the scene of the fire 

Whenever firefighters enter a burning 

28.7 9.9 [3,+] 19.8 29.

building 26.1 14.5 18.4 [+] 26.

Other 

6.2 13.6 [+] 13.3 [+] 5.

Legitimately Skipped Question 51.7 69.9 69.0 50.

Page 9 of 57 
Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality without 

Investigation No Fa

28. What are the reasons why your fire 

department does not use RITs/RICs in every structure fire? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

The structure fire may not be large enough to 

need an RIT/RIC 

We don't have enough equipment, SCBAs, or 

29.7 24.3 [+] 20.7 30.

turnout gear to establish an RIT/RIC 

We don't have enough firefighters available at 

4.9 0.4 [3,+] 0.7 [3,+] 5.

the scene of the fire 

We don't have enough training or trained 

personnel at the scene to establish an 

41.7 7.8 [3] 24.6 43.

RIT/RIC 13.6 3.2 [3,+] 6.1 [3] 14.

We have never established an RIT/RIC 

We use other fire departments in the area for 

10.6 0.9 [3,+] 2.4 [3] 11.

RITs/RICs 

We use other safety practices and so we don't 

22.6 5.1 [3] 7.7 [3] 23.

need them 2.6 1.6 [+] 0.3 [3,+] 2.

Other 5.5 1.8 [3,+] 20.7 [+] 5.Legitimately Skipped Question 34.4 67.7 [3] 48.6 32.

29. Does your fire department have enough 

Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) devices for all firefighters for use when fighting structure fires? 

Yes No 

86.4 

13.6 

99.3 [3]

0.7 [3]

 80.4 

19.6

 [+]

86.

 14.

30. About how often do you think your 

firefighters wear their PASS devices when fighting structure fires? 

Never 

3.7 0.3 [3,+] 17.2 [+] 3.

Some of the time 2.5 ** [3,+] ** [3] 2.About half the time 1.2 ** [3,+] 0.5 [+] 1.

Most of the time 8.5 4.8 [+] 5.7 8.

 Always 84.1 94.7 [3] 76.6 83.

Page 10 of 57 
Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality without 

Investigation No Fa

31. Why do you think your firefighters do not 

use their PASS devices more often? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. They don't have a PASS device to use 8.3 0.4 [3,+] 18.2 [+] 8.

Situation doesn't require them 

Firefighters think the devices do not always 

6.3 4.5 [+] 19.2 [+] 6.

work reliably 0.2 0.1 [+] 0.3 [+] 0.

Firefighters don't think they need them 3.2 0.1 [3,+] 0.7 [3,+] 3.

Devices go off while firefighters are resting 2.6 4.5 [+] 0.7 [3,+] 2.

Legitimately Skipped Question 84.5 94.9 [3] 77.4 84.

32. Does your department have Self Contained 

Breathing Apparatuses (SCBA) for your firefighters to use when combating structure fires? 

Yes No 

98.8 

1.2 

99.8 

0.2 [+]

84.6 

15.4

 [+]

99.

0.8

33. Do your firefighters ever have to share 

facepieces for SCBAs? 

Yes 

40.2 38.6 [+] 31.1 40.

No 

58.6 61.3 52.3 58.

Legitimately Skipped Question 1.2 0.2 [+] 16.6 [+] 0.

33a. What are the reasons why your fire 

department does not have personally-fitted SCBA facepieces for all of your firefighters? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Didn't know it was recommended 3.1 0.2 [3,+] 0.4 [3,+] 3.

Firefighters don't like using the equipment 

Have never needed them (e.g., we don't do 

0.1   0.

interior attacks) 

They cost too much, there is not enough 

0.2 **  [3] 0.5 [+] 0.

money in the budget 

We don't have enough equipment for all of 

25.6 3.8 [3] 22.7 26.

our firefighters 17.9 2.5 [3] 8.8 [3] 18.

Shared systems work fine for our needs 19.3 34.3 [+] 9.5 [3] 18.Other 7.3 32.3 [+] 5.0 6.

Legitimately Skipped Question 59.8 62.4 69.6 59.

Page 11 of 57 
Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality without 

Investigation No Fa

34. About how often do you think your 

firefighters use SCBAs while fighting structure fires? 

Never 

0.4 ** [3] ** [3] 0.

Some of the time 2.3 0.2 [3,+] 1.2 [+] 2.

About half the time 1.7 ** [3] ** [3] 1.

Most of the time 22.5 46.6 24.5 21.

 Always 72.0 53.0 57.9 73.

Legitimately Skipped Question 1.2 0.2 [+] 16.4 [+] 0.

35. Why do you think your firefighters do not 

use SCBAs more often when fighting structure fires? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Situation doesn't require them 

Firefighters do not trust that the SCBAs will 

work reliably 

Firefighters don't think they need them 

Firefighters don't like sharing facepieces with 

others 

Firefighters are concerned that the SCBA may 

be or become contaminated 

Wearing SCBAs makes it more difficult to 

work 

Firefighters don't have SCBAs to use Legitimately Skipped Question 

20.1 

** 

11.4 

0.5 

** 

4.4 

2.7 

73.9 

46.7 

** 

38.3 [+]

** [3]

** 

4.5 [+]

** [3]

53.1 

20.8 [+]

** 

21.9 

0.2

 [+]

** 

5.5

 [+]

 ** [3]

74.3 

18.9 

** [+] 

9.

0.5

** [+] 

4.4 

2.9

74.

36. How often is routine maintenance 

performed on your SCBAs? After every time they are used Once a month or more Several times a year Once a year Less than once a year 

Never. Maintenance has not been done on our 

SCBAs. 

Does not apply. My department does not have 

SCBAs. 

Legitimately Skipped Question 

46.6 

16.7 

14.3 17.6 

2.6 

0.8 

** 

1.5 

44.6 

6.4 [3,+]

36.3 [+]

12.5 [+]

** [3]

0.1 [3,+]

** 

0.2 [+]

50.9 

6.3

 [3]

 2.0 [3] 7.2 [3,+]

 12.8 [+]

 2.6 [+]

** 

18.2

 [+]

46.

17.6

13.4

18.2

2.40.7

** 

1.0

Page 12 of 57 
Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality without 

Investigation No Fa

37. How many 

Chemical/Biological/Radiological/Nuclear (CBRN) SCBAs are available (or on order) for use by firefighters within your department at this time? Greater than zero 

Zero 

29.7 

70.3 

59.4 [3]

40.6 [3]

 28.6 71.4 

28.

71.

37a. What are the reasons why your fire 

department does not have CBRN SCBAs? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

CBRN SCBA devices are not needed in our 

department 16.6 1.6 [2,3,+] 36.8 [1] 16.

We didn't know they were available 

We don't have adequate technical information 

11.2 5.4 [+] 2.6 [3] 11.

to purchase them 

We don't have adequate funding to purchase 

15.4 2.1 [2,3] 30.2 [1] 15.

them 50.8 20.9 [2,3] 59.6 [1] 51.

 Other 7.1 7.5 [+] 22.2 [+] 6.

Legitimately Skipped Question 31.1 69.9 [2,3] 30.6 [1] 29.

38. Does your fire department have 

Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs)? 

Yes 

85.3 98.7 [3] 94.1 [3] 84.

 No 14.7 1.3 [3] 5.9 [3] 15.38a. At your fire department, where do you 

have AEDs? At the fire station(s) 2.1 0.1 [3,+] 25.7 [+] 1.

On the emergency vehicles (or apparatus) 

Both at the fire station(s) and on the vehicles 

66.1 79.7 58.9 65.

(or apparatus) 14.8 18.7 [+] 6.8 [3] 14.

Legitimately Skipped Question 17.0 1.5 [3] 8.6 [3] 17.

Page 13 of 57 
Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality without 

Investigation No Fa

39. How often has routine maintenance, 

including replacement of battery packs, been performed on your AEDs? After every time they are used 20.1 35.1 31.7 18.

Once a month or more 24.7 41.0 [+] 10.8 [3] 24.

Several times a year 19.4 7.2 [3,+] 22.8 20.Once a year 23.1 14.6 30.0 23.Less frequently than once a year 

Never. Maintenance on our AEDs has not 

6.2 0.5 [3,+] 1.2 [3,+] 6.

been done. 6.5 1.7 [3,+] 3.5 [+] 6.

40. About how often do your firefighters carry 

radios or other two-way communication devices while responding to structure fires? 

Never 

1.5 0.3 [3,+] ** [3] 1.

Some of the time 3.1 ** [2,3] 1.8 [1,+] 3.About half the time 1.6 ** [3,+] ** [3] 1.

Most of the time 16.1 2.6 [2,3] 15.4 [1] 16.

 Always 77.8 97.0 [2,3] 82.7 [1] 76.41. Some radios and other two-way 

communication devices can have problems under field conditions, such as bleed-over, interference, or loss of communication. About how often do your communication devices have these or other problems? 

Never 

14.5 5.8 [3,+] 7.7 [3] 15.

Some of the time 70.7 90.9 [3] 71.8 69.About half the time 7.8 2.8 [3,+] 16.8 [+] 7.

Most of the time 5.7 0.5 [3,+] 3.5 6.

 Always 1.3 ** [3] 0.3 [3,+] 1.

Page 14 of 57 
Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality without 

Investigation No Fa

42. How would you rate your department's 

budget in the following areas? 

42a. Equipment  Not adequate 38.6 17.8 [2,3] 49.3 [1] 39.

 Adequate 54.0 79.6 [2,3] 47.9 [1] 53.

More than adequate 

42b. Training 

7.4 2.6 [3,+] 2.8 [3,+] 7.

 Not adequate 36.0 17.9 [2,3] 54.0 [1] 36. Adequate 56.4 78.0 [2,3] 43.5 [1] 55.

More than adequate 

42c. Personnel 

7.7 4.1 [+] 2.5 [3,+] 8.

 Not adequate 48.8 19.9 [2,3] 62.3 [1] 49. Adequate 46.2 77.4 [2,3] 36.7 [1] 45.

More than adequate 5.0 2.7 [+] 1.0 [3,+] 5.

43. How often have you seen NIOSH reports 

that describe recent firefighter fatalities and make recommendations for avoiding similar incidents? Please refer to the insert sheet included with this survey for examples of NIOSH firefighter safety reports. 

Never 

18.7 3.8 [3,+] 4.5 [3] 19.

One or two times per year 30.9 11.8 [3] 33.6 31.

Several times per year 40.4 31.8 58.2 40.Once a month or more 10.0 52.6 [2,3] 3.7 [1,3] 8.

44. How does your department receive the 

NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation reports? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

 By mail 55.8 74.2 54.8 55.

On the Internet 39.8 51.6 51.4 38.From colleagues in other departments 15.1 11.8 31.3 14.At conferences or other meetings 10.8 11.5 33.1 10.

Legitimately Skipped Question 18.3 3.8 [3,+] 4.4 [3] 19.

Page 15 of 57 
Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality without 

Investigation No Fa

45. Have you read part or all of a NIOSH Fire 

Fighter Fatality Investigation report in the last 12 months? 

Yes 

64.8 92.8 [3] 73.6 63.

 No 16.9 3.4 [3,+] 22.0 17.

Legitimately Skipped Question 18.3 3.8 [3,+] 4.4 [3] 19.

50. Does the fire department disseminate the 

information it receives from NIOSH to the firefighters?

 Yes 67.6 54.7 79.9 67.No 

13.5 41.4 15.6 12.

Legitimately Skipped Question 18.9 3.8 [3,+] 4.5 [3] 20.

50a. How is this information disseminated to 

firefighters? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

 Regular staff meetings 25.4 12.6 [3] 14.7 [3] 26. Training sessions 

Provide copies of NIOSH reports to 

51.5 35.1 58.4 52.

firefighters 

Provide copies of NIOSH report summaries to 

21.0 14.8 10.7 [3] 21.

firefighters 

Provide summaries prepared by department to 

10.2 6.7 [+] 7.6 10.

firefighters 4.1 11.6 0.8 [3,+] 3.

Postings on bulletin boards 43.1 33.1 24.7 [3] 44.Post report on the department website 3.8 6.1 [+] 2.1 [+] 3.

Send message to firefighters by email 13.8 16.7 21.7 [+] 13.

Other 

2.6 3.5 [+] 14.2 [+] 2.

Legitimately Skipped Question 31.8 45.3 19.7 31.

51. The NIOSH reports sometimes reference 

other documents, such as guidelines or more detailed technical reports. Does your fire department usually have access to documents that are referenced in NIOSH reports? 

Yes 

50.4 86.7 [3] 68.1 [3] 48.

 No 30.8 9.4 [3] 26.9 31.

Legitimately Skipped Question 18.8 3.9 [3,+] 5.0 [3] 19.

Page 16 of 57 
Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality without 

Investigation No Fa

52. NIOSH reports always include 

recommendations that are designed to help improve the health and safety of firefighters. How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about the NIOSH recommendations: 

52a. Recommendations are practical  Strongly Disagree 2.5 0.9 [+] ** 2.

 Disagree 5.1 33.0 [+] 2.8 [+] 3.

Neither Agree nor Disagree 18.4 21.2 [+] 45.0 [3] 17.

 Agree 50.3 37.7 45.9 51.

 Strongly Agree 4.7 3.4 [+] 1.4 [3,+] 4.

Legitimately Skipped Question 

52b. Recommendations are easy to understand 

19.0 3.8 [3,+] 4.9 [3] 20.

 Strongly Disagree 2.4 0.6 [+] ** 2. Disagree 1.5 0.3 [3,+] 2.2 [+] 1.

Neither Agree nor Disagree 16.9 6.7 [3] 15.7 17.

 Agree 54.2 82.9 [3] 75.2 [3] 52. Strongly Agree 6.0 5.6 [+] 1.9 [3,+] 6.

Legitimately Skipped Question 

52c. Recommendations are specific and 

concrete 

19.1 3.9 [3,+] 5.0 [3] 20.

 Strongly Disagree 2.5 0.6 [+] ** 2. Disagree 6.0 53.8 [2,3] 3.9 [1,+] 3.

Neither Agree nor Disagree 24.2 7.1 [2,3] 32.2 [1] 24.

 Agree 43.5 29.5 49.5 44.

Strongly Agree 4.7 5.2 [+] 9.5 [+] 4.

Legitimately Skipped Question 19.1 3.8 [3,+] 5.0 [3] 20.

Page 17 of 57 
Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality without 

Investigation No Fa

53. What other NIOSH materials have you 

seen? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Pocket guide to chemical hazards 63.7 86.7 [2,3] 56.8 [1] 62.

Respirator maintenance program guide 16.6 20.2 [+] 28.5 16.

CDs of firefighter program materials 32.3 75.5 [2,3] 31.2 [1] 30.

 Alerts 44.2 82.0 [2,3] 52.2 [1] 42. Hazard IDs 18.0 25.7 [+] 14.4 17.

 Workplace Solutions 14.3 7.2 [+] 10.6 14.Other 

1.0 ** [3] 6.6 [+] 0.

None. I have not seen any NIOSH materials. 18.3 3.6 [3,+] 14.1 [+] 19.

53a. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with 

these NIOSH materials? 

 Very dissatisfied 1.5 2.0 [+] 0.7 [+] 1.

 Dissatisfied 0.1 0.1 [+] ** 0.

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied 19.0 37.4 [+] 14.4 18.

Satisfied 

53.0 54.7 66.3 52.

 Very satisfied 8.3 2.1 [3,+] 4.6 [+] 8.

Legitimately Skipped Question 18.1 3.7 [3,+] 13.9 [+] 18.

54. Have you ever visited the NIOSH website 

at www.cdc.gov/niosh/firehome.html? 

No 

44.0 11.5 [3] 17.4 [3] 46.

Yes, in the last year 50.0 86.6 [3] 67.9 [3] 47.

Yes, longer than one year ago 6.1 1.9 [3] 14.8 [+] 6.

Page 18 of 57 
Question 

Fatality and FFFIPP Investigation 

Total 

Fatality with 

Investigation 

Fatality without 

Investigation No Fa

55. In which of these ways would you most 

prefer to receive information about NIOSH recommendations? MARK YOUR THREE (3) FAVORITES. Cable television programming 5.2 0.6 [3,+] 2.8 [+] 5.

 CD/DVD 50.6 33.8 51.5 51.

Conference presentations or meeting 8.9 3.1 [3,+] 3.4 [3,+] 9.

 Email 53.8 73.3 61.5 52.

Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation Reports 53.6 77.8 [2,3] 47.5 [1] 52.

 NIOSH Website 27.2 26.3 48.6 26.

One-page Fact Sheets 30.3 29.1 42.0 30.

 Pocket Guides 26.7 11.7 [3] 13.1 [3] 27. Posters 12.8 4.0 [3,+] 5.3 [3] 13. Summary Reports 25.5 40.9 8.5 [3] 25. Training session/class 19.1 6.3 [3] 6.6 [3] 20. Other 1.1 ** [3] 0.2 [3,+] 1.Note: Estimates are generated from the 2006 Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation, Fire Department Survey. Estimates within each column from the “Mark all that Apply” questions will not sum to 100. Estimates within each column from the other questions ma

rounding. The digits in square brackets beside an estimate [#] indicate the estimate is significantly different at the 95% confidence level from the corresponding essign within the square brackets [+] indicates the estimate has low precision. ** Estimate is less than 0.1 and therefore rounds to zero. 

Page 19 of 57 

Logistic Regression Models 

Model 1: Q3. SOPs/SOGs in place for: Incident Command Systems 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 83.71% (81.46%,85.95%) 0.927* (0.297,1.557) 83.71% (81.46%,85.95%) 

Region (0.0756) 

Northeast 87.29%3 (82.97%,91.60%) 0.256 (-0.385,0.897) 86.13%3 (81.44%,90.82%) 

South 85.73%3 (81.84%,89.61%) 0.263 (-0.332,0.857) 86.20%3 (82.46%,89.95%) Midwest 78.89%1,2 (74.68%,83.10%) -0.228 (-0.796,0.340) 79.62%1,2 (75.52%,83.72%) 

West 83.44% (76.78%,90.09%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 82.92% (76.17%,89.67%) 

Department Type (0.2696) 

All Career 91.47%2,3 (86.74%,96.19%) -0.639 (-1.438,0.160) 73.73% (59.76%,87.70%) 

All Volunteer 84.79%1 (80.66%,88.92%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 83.62% (79.10%,88.13%) 

Combination 82.48%1 (79.63%,85.34%) 0.032 (-0.388,0.451) 84.02% (81.32%,86.73%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.3002) 

Urban 92.97%2 (89.73%,96.20%) 0.364 (-0.325,1.052) 87.59% (80.75%,94.43%) 

Rural/Missing 81.84%1 (79.22%,84.46%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 83.26% (80.82%,85.70%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0000) 

50,000+ 97.71%2,3 (95.67%,99.76%) 2.550* (1.351,3.749) 97.96%2,3 (95.69%,100.00%) 

5,000-50,000 93.08%1,3 (90.70%,95.47%) 1.215* (0.704,1.726) 92.73%1,3 (89.88%,95.57%) 0 – 5,000 78.99%1,2 (75.85%,82.14%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 79.36%1,2 (75.98%,82.73%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.1173) 

Fatality with Investigation 91.96%3 (87.25%,96.66%) 0.264 (-0.413,0.941) 86.80% (79.52%,94.07%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 92.68%3 (88.03%,97.33%) 0.726* (0.001,1.452) 91.14%3 (85.60%,96.68%) 

No Fatality 83.55%1,2 (81.27%,85.84%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 83.63%2 (81.35%,85.90%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.1538) 

Fire Chief 83.63%2 (80.92%,86.34%) 0.348 (-0.069,0.765) 84.27% (81.64%,86.91%) 

Safety Officer 94.49%1,4 (86.84%,100.00%) 1.235 (-0.311,2.781) 92.68%4 (82.63%,100.00%) 

Training Officer 89.69% (82.20%,97.18%) 0.684 (-0.211,1.579) 88.11% (79.76%,96.45%) Other/Missing 80.65%2 (75.40%,85.90%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 79.37%2 (73.83%,84.92%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 1 of 84 
Model 2: Q3. SOPs/SOGs in place for: Maintenance of SCBAs 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 69.67% (66.93%,72.41%) 0.536* (0.049,1.023) 69.67% (66.93%,72.41%) 

Region (0.0183) 

Northeast 77.89%2,3,4 (72.59%,83.19%) 0.635* (0.147,1.123) 77.72%2,3,4 (72.31%,83.13%) 

South 66.32%1 (61.27%,71.37%) 0.037 (-0.393,0.468) 66.01%1 (60.97%,71.05%) 

Midwest 68.65%1 (64.00%,73.31%) 0.212 (-0.220,0.644) 69.72%1 (65.15%,74.29%) West 66.72%1 (58.81%,74.62%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 65.18%1 (57.07%,73.30%) 

Department Type (0.2889) 

All Career 81.43%2,3 (75.88%,86.97%) -0.046 (-0.599,0.507) 72.00% (61.47%,82.53%) 

All Volunteer 72.58%1 (67.74%,77.42%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 72.90% (67.97%,77.83%) Combination 67.12%1 (63.57%,70.68%) -0.253 (-0.570,0.063) 67.77% (64.16%,71.37%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.7210) 

Urban 79.10%2 (74.02%,84.17%) 0.078 (-0.349,0.505) 71.04% (63.16%,78.91%) 

Rural/Missing 67.77%1 (64.65%,70.90%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 69.46% (66.47%,72.45%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0018) 

50,000+ 87.47%2,3 (82.74%,92.20%) 1.073* (0.411,1.734) 85.18%2,3 (77.47%,92.89%) 

5,000-50,000 77.06%1,3 (73.08%,81.04%) 0.454* (0.134,0.773) 75.71%1,3 (71.17%,80.25%) 0 – 5,000 65.69%1,2 (62.03%,69.34%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 66.59%1,2 (62.84%,70.34%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.3184) 

Fatality with Investigation 80.83%2,3 (73.98%,87.68%) 0.282 (-0.197,0.762) 75.15% (66.65%,83.65%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 68.70%1 (59.12%,78.28%) -0.214 (-0.686,0.258) 65.14% (55.19%,75.09%) 

No Fatality 69.60%1 (66.82%,72.39%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 69.69% (66.91%,72.46%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.4662) 

Fire Chief 68.93% (65.61%,72.26%) 0.075 (-0.257,0.407) 69.39% (66.08%,72.70%) 

Safety Officer 80.63% (67.73%,93.53%) 0.510 (-0.414,1.434) 77.59% (62.51%,92.68%) 

Training Officer 77.23% (67.93%,86.52%) 0.414 (-0.213,1.041) 75.92% (65.88%,85.96%) 

Other/Missing 68.36% (62.33%,74.39%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 67.82% (61.73%,73.91%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 2 of 84 
Model 3: Q3. SOPs/SOGs in place for: Motor vehicle safety 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 78.82% (76.38%,81.26%) 1.513* (0.898,2.129) 78.82% (76.38%,81.26%) 

Region (0.0002) 

Northeast 84.82%3 (80.41%,89.24%) 0.063 (-0.529,0.655) 84.38%3 (79.82%,88.94%) 

South 80.20%3 (75.95%,84.45%) -0.215 (-0.763,0.333) 80.39%3 (76.14%,84.64%) Midwest 70.87%1,2,4 (66.20%,75.55%) -0.733* (-1.269,-0.197) 71.06%1,2,4 (66.41%,75.70%) 

West 83.43%3 (77.07%,89.80%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 83.54%3 (77.04%,90.04%) 

Department Type (0.7928) 

All Career 83.29% (77.92%,88.66%) -0.176 (-0.761,0.408) 75.48% (65.24%,85.72%) All Volunteer 79.31% (74.83%,83.78%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 78.50% (73.82%,83.19%) 

Combination 78.20% (75.11%,81.29%) 0.042 (-0.315,0.399) 79.18% (76.08%,82.27%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.8256) 

Urban 83.79%2 (79.18%,88.40%) 0.054 (-0.423,0.531) 79.56% (72.60%,86.53%) 

Rural/Missing 77.82%1 (75.04%,80.60%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 78.70% (76.04%,81.36%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0008) 

50,000+ 92.29%2,3 (88.90%,95.68%) 1.348* (0.645,2.051) 92.52%2,3 (88.07%,96.97%) 

5,000-50,000 82.84%1,3 (79.31%,86.37%) 0.379* (0.024,0.734) 82.61%1,3 (78.72%,86.49%) 0 – 5,000 76.50%1,2 (73.24%,79.76%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 76.61%1,2 (73.23%,79.99%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.1036) 

Fatality with Investigation 90.31%3 (85.39%,95.23%) 0.639* (0.047,1.231) 87.38%3 (81.09%,93.67%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 82.73% (75.13%,90.32%) 0.102 (-0.452,0.656) 80.37% (72.15%,88.60%) No Fatality 78.70%1 (76.22%,81.18%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 78.76%1 (76.29%,81.23%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.5415) 

Fire Chief 78.60% (75.67%,81.52%) -0.025 (-0.416,0.367) 79.18% (76.30%,82.06%) Safety Officer 83.53% (70.72%,96.34%) -0.048 (-1.107,1.011) 78.80% (62.37%,95.23%) 

Training Officer 74.41% (64.58%,84.23%) -0.422 (-1.038,0.194) 72.11% (62.01%,82.21%) Other/Missing 80.33% (75.06%,85.60%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 79.57% (74.11%,85.03%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 3 of 84 
Model 4: Q3. SOPs/SOGs in place for: Participation in a personal physical fitness program 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 11.04% (9.47%,12.61%) -1.599* (-2.182,-1.015) 11.04% (9.47%,12.61%) 

Region (0.0001) 

Northeast 9.75%4 (6.24%,13.26%) -0.935* (-1.500,-0.371) 9.70%4 (6.36%,13.05%) 

South 10.91%4 (8.08%,13.73%) -0.790* (-1.285,-0.295) 10.87%4 (8.13%,13.62%) Midwest 7.54%4 (5.26%,9.82%) -1.134* (-1.647,-0.622) 8.27%4 (5.84%,10.70%) West 21.88%1,2,3 (16.12%,27.64%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 19.36%1,2,3 (14.47%,24.25%) 

Department Type (0.0000) 

All Career 47.79%2,3 (40.96%,54.63%) 0.770* (0.260,1.280) 22.26%2,3 (15.06%,29.46%) 

All Volunteer 14.15%1,3 (11.00%,17.29%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 12.57%1,3 (9.79%,15.34%) 

Combination 6.36%1,2 (4.56%,8.16%) -0.535* (-0.939,-0.132) 8.08%1,2 (5.99%,10.17%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.0355) 

Urban 27.57%2 (22.86%,32.28%) 0.494* (0.034,0.955) 14.33% (10.33%,18.32%) 

Rural/Missing 7.71%1 (6.08%,9.34%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 9.77% (7.86%,11.69%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0000) 

50,000+ 54.03%2,3 (47.40%,60.66%) 1.554* (0.923,2.184) 23.54%3 (15.19%,31.90%) 

5,000-50,000 19.66%1,3 (16.10%,23.21%) 1.080* (0.622,1.538) 16.63%3 (13.11%,20.15%) 0 – 5,000 5.49%1,2 (3.80%,7.18%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 6.77%1,2 (4.68%,8.86%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.3776) 

Fatality with Investigation 24.33%3 (17.27%,31.39%) -0.238 (-0.760,0.284) 9.19% (5.49%,12.89%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 18.05% (10.62%,25.49%) 0.319 (-0.315,0.954) 13.96% (7.84%,20.08%) 

No Fatality 10.87%1 (9.28%,12.47%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 11.03% (9.43%,12.63%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.3010) 

Fire Chief 8.53%2,3,4 (6.75%,10.30%) -0.286 (-0.705,0.133) 10.06% (8.17%,11.95%) 

Safety Officer 31.35%1,4 (17.25%,45.46%) 0.454 (-0.485,1.392) 17.41% (6.54%,28.28%) Training Officer 17.47%1 (9.42%,25.52%) -0.125 (-0.822,0.572) 11.40% (5.91%,16.88%) Other/Missing 14.83%1,2 (11.09%,18.56%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 12.53% (9.31%,15.75%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 4 of 84 
Model 5: Q3. SOPs/SOGs in place for: Participation in regular health screenings for cardiovascular disease (C

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 16.79% (14.77%,18.82%) -1.912* (-2.449,-1.376) 16.79% (14.77%,18.82%) 

Region (0.0000) 

Northeast 27.51%2,3 (21.81%,33.20%) 0.516 (-0.003,1.035) 27.27%2,3,4 (21.24%,33.29%) 

South 9.34%1,3,4 (6.87%,11.81%) -0.876* (-1.363,-0.389) 9.34%1,3,4 (6.94%,11.74%) 

Midwest 15.53%1,2 (12.14%,18.92%) -0.187 (-0.659,0.285) 16.40%1,2 (12.97%,19.84%) 

West 20.97%2 (15.02%,26.92%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 18.91%1,2 (13.39%,24.44%) 

Department Type (0.0046) 

All Career 42.90%2,3 (36.14%,49.67%) 0.612* (0.107,1.117) 27.86%2,3 (19.40%,36.32%) 

All Volunteer 17.73%1 (14.13%,21.32%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 18.18%1 (14.42%,21.94%) 

Combination 14.17%1 (11.58%,16.76%) -0.267 (-0.625,0.090) 14.82%1 (12.22%,17.41%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.5591) 

Urban 29.59%2 (24.44%,34.73%) -0.134 (-0.584,0.316) 15.58% (11.22%,19.95%) 

Rural/Missing 14.22%1 (12.01%,16.42%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 17.22% (14.74%,19.69%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0000) 

50,000+ 50.09%2,3 (43.48%,56.69%) 1.615* (1.032,2.199) 37.97%2,3 (27.04%,48.91%) 

5,000-50,000 26.78%1,3 (22.71%,30.86%) 0.976* (0.607,1.344) 25.18%1,3 (20.82%,29.53%) 0 – 5,000 11.03%1,2 (8.64%,13.42%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 11.72%1,2 (9.15%,14.30%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.6508) 

Fatality with Investigation 32.01%3 (24.18%,39.84%) 0.150 (-0.322,0.622) 18.69% (12.37%,25.01%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 24.53% (15.96%,33.10%) 0.218 (-0.362,0.798) 19.63% (11.78%,27.49%) No Fatality 16.61%1 (14.55%,18.66%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 16.74% (14.69%,18.80%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.1563) 

Fire Chief 16.04%2 (13.55%,18.53%) 0.176 (-0.219,0.570) 16.78% (14.32%,19.24%) 

Safety Officer 39.35%1,3,4 (24.19%,54.52%) 0.966* (0.131,1.802) 28.99% (14.83%,43.14%) 

Training Officer 20.94%2 (12.33%,29.55%) 0.244 (-0.426,0.913) 17.65% (9.93%,25.38%) 

Other/Missing 15.05%2 (11.10%,19.00%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 14.67% (10.75%,18.58%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 5 of 84 
Model 6: Q3. SOPs/SOGs in place for: Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs), also known as Rapid Intervention C

Assistance and Search Teams (FAST) 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 40.42% (37.70%,43.14%) -0.168 (-0.642,0.307) 40.42% (37.70%,43.14%) 

Region (0.0003) 

Northeast 48.26%2,3 (42.03%,54.48%) -0.334 (-0.799,0.130) 45.67%2,3 (39.54%,51.80%) 

South 35.64%1,4 (30.73%,40.55%) -0.800* (-1.237,-0.362) 35.98%1,4 (31.21%,40.74%) 

Midwest 33.85%1,4 (29.37%,38.33%) -0.777* (-1.205,-0.350) 36.42%1,4 (32.07%,40.76%) West 54.97%2,3 (46.83%,63.11%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 52.98%2,3 (44.92%,61.04%) 

Department Type (0.1561) 

All Career 70.43%2,3 (63.86%,77.01%) -0.369 (-0.857,0.120) 36.18% (27.24%,45.12%) 

All Volunteer 45.61%1,3 (40.77%,50.45%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 43.66% (38.85%,48.48%) Combination 35.14%1,2 (31.63%,38.64%) -0.230 (-0.520,0.061) 38.94% (35.42%,42.45%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.0014) 

Urban 68.93%2 (63.32%,74.54%) 0.619* (0.239,1.000) 51.75%2 (43.86%,59.64%) 

Rural/Missing 34.67%1 (31.60%,37.74%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 38.27%1 (35.22%,41.32%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0000) 

50,000+ 89.37%2,3 (85.63%,93.11%) 2.385* (1.823,2.946) 81.95%2,3 (74.36%,89.55%) 

5,000-50,000 60.80%1,3 (56.35%,65.26%) 1.104* (0.810,1.398) 56.94%1,3 (51.84%,62.04%) 0 – 5,000 29.42%1,2 (25.91%,32.94%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 31.79%1,2 (28.07%,35.51%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.1323) 

Fatality with Investigation 63.96%3 (55.66%,72.26%) 0.327 (-0.147,0.800) 47.13% (37.28%,56.99%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 55.49%3 (45.43%,65.54%) 0.379 (-0.091,0.850) 48.26% (38.55%,57.96%) No Fatality 40.10%1,2 (37.33%,42.86%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 40.30% (37.55%,43.06%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.0243) 

Fire Chief 37.08%2,3 (33.81%,40.35%) -0.074 (-0.406,0.257) 38.92%2 (35.70%,42.13%) 

Safety Officer 79.26%1,3,4 (64.75%,93.78%) 1.458* (0.383,2.533) 71.16%1,3,4 (51.63%,90.68%) 

Training Officer 53.49%1,2 (42.25%,64.73%) 0.273 (-0.298,0.845) 46.24%2 (35.35%,57.13%) 

Other/Missing 42.45%2 (36.23%,48.67%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 40.45%2 (34.47%,46.43%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 6 of 84 
Model 7: Q3. SOPs/SOGs in place for: Use of Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) devices 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 75.35% (72.76%,77.95%) 0.568* (0.034,1.103) 75.35% (72.76%,77.95%) 

Region (0.0403) 

Northeast 83.47%2,3 (78.80%,88.14%) 0.472 (-0.068,1.012) 82.39%2,3 (77.38%,87.41%) 

South 70.88%1 (65.97%,75.80%) -0.162 (-0.635,0.312) 71.65%1 (66.84%,76.46%) Midwest 74.59%1 (70.17%,79.01%) 0.012 (-0.465,0.489) 74.94%1 (70.56%,79.32%) West 74.95% (67.47%,82.43%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 74.72% (67.25%,82.18%) 

Department Type (0.4528) 

All Career 82.97%2,3 (77.29%,88.65%) -0.337 (-0.928,0.254) 68.36% (56.62%,80.09%) 

All Volunteer 74.64%1 (69.82%,79.46%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 74.86% (69.92%,79.80%) Combination 75.13%1 (71.86%,78.40%) 0.062 (-0.280,0.404) 75.96% (72.70%,79.23%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.3586) 

Urban 85.39%2 (81.01%,89.77%) 0.228 (-0.259,0.714) 78.77% (71.42%,86.12%) 

Rural/Missing 73.33%1 (70.34%,76.32%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 74.86% (72.02%,77.69%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0000) 

50,000+ 90.37%2,3 (86.57%,94.16%) 1.532* (0.843,2.222) 91.71%2,3 (86.95%,96.48%) 

5,000-50,000 84.79%1,3 (81.40%,88.18%) 0.795* (0.431,1.158) 84.19%1,3 (80.37%,88.01%) 0 – 5,000 70.58%1,2 (67.05%,74.11%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 70.88%1,2 (67.20%,74.55%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.2825) 

Fatality with Investigation 83.19%2,3 (76.74%,89.64%) 0.123 (-0.395,0.640) 77.53% (69.05%,86.01%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 71.71%1 (62.66%,80.76%) -0.361 (-0.839,0.118) 68.47% (59.08%,77.86%) 

No Fatality 75.34%1 (72.70%,77.98%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 75.41% (72.78%,78.04%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.4287) 

Fire Chief 76.08% (72.99%,79.16%) 0.282 (-0.074,0.639) 76.34% (73.27%,79.41%) Safety Officer 81.43% (67.83%,95.03%) 0.393 (-0.560,1.347) 78.22% (63.18%,93.25%) 

Training Officer 78.43% (69.04%,87.83%) 0.333 (-0.329,0.994) 77.20% (67.12%,87.29%) Other/Missing 71.15% (65.11%,77.19%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 71.10% (65.06%,77.13%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 7 of 84 
Model 8: Q3. SOPs/SOGs in place for: Use of personal protective equipment and protective clothing 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 89.12% (87.25%,91.00%) 1.447* (0.761,2.133) 89.12% (87.25%,91.00%) 

Region (0.0017) 

Northeast 94.71%2,3,4 (92.05%,97.37%) 0.945* (0.200,1.689) 94.68%2,3,4 (92.07%,97.29%) 

South 89.49%1 (86.16%,92.81%) 0.222 (-0.416,0.861) 89.70%1 (86.41%,92.98%) 

Midwest 85.17%1 (81.48%,88.87%) -0.210 (-0.834,0.413) 85.05%1 (81.27%,88.83%) 

West 87.75%1 (82.15%,93.36%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 87.49%1 (81.74%,93.24%) 

Department Type (0.7402) 

All Career 94.11%2,3 (90.63%,97.58%) 0.324 (-0.510,1.159) 91.79% (85.71%,97.86%) 

All Volunteer 89.13%1 (85.72%,92.54%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 89.06% (85.49%,92.63%) 

Combination 88.72%1 (86.33%,91.11%) -0.005 (-0.484,0.473) 89.01% (86.54%,91.47%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.2064) 

Urban 91.36% (87.70%,95.02%) -0.433 (-1.105,0.239) 85.00% (77.39%,92.61%) 

Rural/Missing 88.67% (86.55%,90.80%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 89.59% (87.63%,91.55%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0016) 

50,000+ 96.79%2,3 (94.60%,98.98%) 1.772* (0.731,2.813) 97.42%2,3 (95.04%,99.79%) 

5,000-50,000 93.07%1,3 (90.63%,95.50%) 0.773* (0.224,1.323) 93.34%1,3 (90.68%,96.00%) 

0 – 5,000 87.07%1,2 (84.51%,89.63%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 86.76%1,2 (83.90%,89.61%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.2439) 

Fatality with Investigation 96.34%3 (93.06%,99.62%) 0.812 (-0.143,1.767) 94.77%3 (90.17%,99.38%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 90.20% (84.21%,96.20%) -0.053 (-0.806,0.700) 88.59% (81.44%,95.75%) 

No Fatality 89.06%1 (87.16%,90.97%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 89.10%1 (87.20%,91.00%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.3162) 

Fire Chief 89.83% (87.66%,92.00%) 0.437 (-0.024,0.898) 90.08% (87.96%,92.21%) Safety Officer 90.62% (80.74%,100.00%) 0.206 (-1.084,1.495) 87.88% (75.01%,100.00%) Training Officer 90.63% (83.52%,97.74%) 0.431 (-0.511,1.372) 90.03% (82.51%,97.55%) 

Other/Missing 86.07% (81.51%,90.63%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 85.59% (80.91%,90.26%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 8 of 84 
Model 9: Q3. SOPs/SOGs in place for: Use of radio communications 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 84.79% (82.67%,86.92%) 1.516* (0.891,2.140) 84.79% (82.67%,86.92%) 

Region (0.0001) 

Northeast 91.77%2,3 (88.54%,94.99%) 0.545 (-0.122,1.212) 91.62%2,3 (88.30%,94.93%) 

South 85.52%1,3 (81.73%,89.30%) -0.060 (-0.647,0.527) 85.71%1,3 (81.98%,89.45%) Midwest 78.06%1,2,4 (73.83%,82.30%) -0.587* (-1.156,-0.017) 78.12%1,2,4 (73.88%,82.37%) 

West 86.60%3 (80.87%,92.32%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 86.43%3 (80.59%,92.27%) 

Department Type (0.8470) 

All Career 88.07% (83.38%,92.76%) -0.148 (-0.810,0.514) 82.50% (73.79%,91.21%) 

All Volunteer 84.98% (81.16%,88.79%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 84.47% (80.48%,88.46%) 

Combination 84.43% (81.70%,87.15%) 0.050 (-0.345,0.444) 85.09% (82.40%,87.78%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.2160) 

Urban 87.50% (83.57%,91.43%) -0.345 (-0.892,0.202) 80.68% (73.21%,88.14%) Rural/Missing 84.25% (81.82%,86.67%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 85.33% (83.07%,87.59%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0001) 

50,000+ 94.96%2,3 (92.19%,97.73%) 1.795* (0.937,2.653) 96.31%2,3 (93.56%,99.07%) 

5,000-50,000 89.58%1,3 (86.82%,92.34%) 0.731* (0.286,1.176) 90.12%1,3 (87.10%,93.13%) 

0 – 5,000 82.27%1,2 (79.37%,85.16%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 81.68%1,2 (78.51%,84.85%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.5698) 

Fatality with Investigation 91.24%3 (86.30%,96.17%) 0.314 (-0.352,0.981) 88.30% (81.72%,94.87%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 88.89% (83.44%,94.34%) 0.183 (-0.442,0.808) 86.91% (80.24%,93.58%) 

No Fatality 84.70%1 (82.55%,86.86%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 84.76% (82.61%,86.90%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.8006) 

Fire Chief 85.01% (82.50%,87.52%) 0.190 (-0.229,0.609) 85.37% (82.92%,87.83%) Safety Officer 90.08% (79.66%,100.00%) 0.330 (-0.923,1.584) 86.99% (73.70%,100.00%) Training Officer 84.54% (76.18%,92.90%) 0.035 (-0.716,0.787) 83.40% (74.57%,92.24%) 

Other/Missing 83.44% (78.53%,88.35%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 82.93% (77.92%,87.93%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 9 of 84 
Model 10: Q3. SOPs/SOGs in place for: Other (Please specify:_____) 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 8.73% (7.10%,10.36%) -2.509* (-3.230,-1.787) 8.73% (7.10%,10.36%) 

Region (0.1398) 

Northeast 12.17%2,3 (7.86%,16.49%) 0.083 (-0.633,0.799) 11.61% (7.27%,15.95%) 

South 6.72%1 (4.25%,9.19%) -0.517 (-1.173,0.139) 6.81% (4.29%,9.34%) Midwest 7.17%1 (4.74%,9.60%) -0.389 (-1.052,0.275) 7.66% (5.07%,10.24%) 

West 11.75% (6.65%,16.84%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 10.81% (5.76%,15.86%) 

Department Type (0.3789) 

All Career 12.48%3 (8.16%,16.81%) -0.376 (-1.013,0.262) 7.31% (3.28%,11.33%) 

All Volunteer 10.35% (7.15%,13.54%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 10.19% (6.83%,13.56%) Combination 7.53%1 (5.58%,9.49%) -0.267 (-0.784,0.249) 8.06% (5.88%,10.23%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.6295) 

Urban 14.20%2 (9.92%,18.48%) 0.140 (-0.428,0.707) 9.58% (5.56%,13.59%) 

Rural/Missing 7.62%1 (5.87%,9.38%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 8.47% (6.54%,10.39%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0162) 

50,000+ 16.78%3 (11.45%,22.11%) 0.861* (0.074,1.648) 14.15% (6.26%,22.03%) 

5,000-50,000 13.46%3 (10.20%,16.71%) 0.725* (0.217,1.232) 12.60%3 (9.08%,16.12%) 0 – 5,000 6.31%1,2 (4.38%,8.25%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 6.59%2 (4.48%,8.70%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.7348) 

Fatality with Investigation 9.53% (4.62%,14.43%) -0.246 (-0.883,0.391) 7.02% (3.02%,11.02%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 9.49% (3.81%,15.16%) -0.097 (-0.804,0.609) 8.03% (3.17%,12.89%) 

No Fatality 8.71% (7.06%,10.37%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 8.75% (7.10%,10.41%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.0967) 

Fire Chief 8.39%2 (6.41%,10.38%) 0.253 (-0.273,0.780) 8.67% (6.61%,10.72%) 

Safety Officer 23.05%1,4 (8.97%,37.12%) 1.166* (0.245,2.086) 18.69% (6.35%,31.03%) 

Training Officer 11.64% (4.86%,18.42%) 0.430 (-0.380,1.240) 10.13% (3.92%,16.34%) 

Other/Missing 7.05%2 (4.17%,9.92%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 6.89% (4.07%,9.71%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 10 of 84 
Model 11: Q3. SOPs/SOGs in place for: Does not apply. Our fire department does not use SOPs/SOGs. 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 4.99% (3.65%,6.33%) -1.795* (-2.772,-0.817) 4.99% (3.65%,6.33%) 

Region (0.0041) 

Northeast 1.05%2,3,4 (0.00%,2.24%) -1.706* (-3.091,-0.321) 1.17%2,3,4 (0.00%,2.49%) 

South 4.60%1 (2.22%,6.97%) -0.379 (-1.323,0.565) 4.23%1,3 (2.11%,6.34%) 

Midwest 7.86%1 (5.05%,10.67%) 0.323 (-0.550,1.195) 8.08%1,2 (5.21%,10.94%) 

West 6.14%1 (1.78%,10.50%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 6.02%1 (1.72%,10.32%) 

Department Type (0.7060) 

All Career 2.15% (0.00%,4.67%) -0.300 (-1.767,1.168) 4.42% (0.00%,10.54%) All Volunteer 5.55% (2.89%,8.21%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 5.82% (2.99%,8.66%) Combination 4.91% (3.29%,6.53%) -0.257 (-0.932,0.418) 4.60% (3.01%,6.18%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.8469) 

Urban 2.22%2 (0.26%,4.18%) -0.122 (-1.356,1.113) 4.50% (0.00%,9.40%) 

Rural/Missing 5.55%1 (3.98%,7.12%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 5.04% (3.60%,6.47%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0142) 

5,000+ 1.95%2 (0.70%,3.19%) -1.205* (-2.168,-0.242) 2.02%2 (0.45%,3.60%) 

0 – 5,000 6.46%1 (4.56%,8.36%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 6.34%1 (4.25%,8.42%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.0092) 

Fatality 0.60%2 (0.00%,1.44%) -1.909* (-3.345,-0.474) 0.80%2 (0.00%,1.92%) 

No Fatality 5.07%1 (3.70%,6.44%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 5.05%1 (3.69%,6.41%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.2186) 

Fire Chief 4.32% (2.84%,5.80%) -0.686* (-1.329,-0.043) 4.18% (2.75%,5.62%) 

Safety Officer 3.43% (0.00%,10.01%) -0.571 (-2.627,1.485) 4.66% (0.00%,13.31%) Training Officer 5.11% (0.00%,10.86%) -0.389 (-1.735,0.956) 5.51% (0.00%,11.67%) 

Other/Missing 7.42% (3.83%,11.00%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 7.82% (4.11%,11.54%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 11 of 84 
Model 12: Q4. Firefighters receive training in: Fighting structure fires, No Training 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 1.14% (0.49%,1.78%) -2.883* (-4.057,-1.709) 1.14% (0.49%,1.78%) 

Region (0.3890) 

Northeast 0.46% (0.00%,1.26%) -1.255 (-3.316,0.806) 0.63% (0.00%,1.68%) 

South 1.54% (0.09%,3.00%) -0.369 (-1.765,1.027) 1.44% (0.18%,2.70%) 

Midwest 0.59% (0.00%,1.31%) -1.274 (-2.983,0.435) 0.62% (0.00%,1.38%) 

West 2.56% (0.15%,4.96%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 2.03% (0.01%,4.05%) 

Department Type (0.0000) 

All Career 3.00% (0.00%,6.36%) 4.259* (2.518,6.000) 31.63%2,3 (5.87%,57.38%) 

All Volunteer 1.19% (0.00%,2.45%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 1.07%1 (0.00%,2.21%) 

Combination 0.96% (0.20%,1.71%) -0.122 (-1.537,1.293) 0.95%1 (0.18%,1.72%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.0362) 

Urban 0.24%2 (0.00%,0.60%) -1.992* (-3.857,-0.128) 0.22%2 (0.00%,0.55%) 

Rural/Missing 1.32%1 (0.54%,2.09%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 1.31%1 (0.59%,2.02%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0000) 

50,000+ 0.43% (0.00%,1.28%) -4.391* (-6.821,-1.961) 0.05%3 (0.00%,0.15%) 

5,000-50,000 0.09%3 (0.00%,0.28%) -3.957* (-6.034,-1.880) 0.07%3 (0.00%,0.21%) 0 – 5,000 1.63%2 (0.67%,2.59%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 2.52%1,2 (1.12%,3.93%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.0841) 

Fatality with Investigation 1.88% (0.00%,4.51%) 1.267 (-0.408,2.941) 3.47% (0.00%,8.31%) Fatality - No Investigation 3.50% (0.00%,7.38%) 1.388 (-0.021,2.797) 3.87% (0.00%,8.12%) No Fatality 1.11% (0.45%,1.76%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 1.10% (0.44%,1.76%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.1793) 

Fire Chief 0.75% (0.12%,1.37%) -0.904 (-2.189,0.381) 0.83% (0.15%,1.50%) 

Safety Officer 1.29% (0.00%,3.83%) -1.170 (-2.524,0.183) 0.65% (0.00%,1.38%) Training Officer, Other or Missing 2.13% (0.39%,3.87%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 1.91% (0.27%,3.56%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 12 of 84 
Model 13: Q4. Firefighters receive training in: Fighting structure fires, Optional Training 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 16.74% (14.50%,18.98%) -1.359* (-2.025,-0.693) 16.74% (14.50%,18.98%) 

Region (0.0054) 

Northeast 15.21%3 (10.73%,19.69%) 0.253 (-0.405,0.911) 16.46% (11.58%,21.34%) 

South 13.16%3 (9.43%,16.89%) -0.054 (-0.692,0.584) 12.76%3 (9.08%,16.44%) 

Midwest 23.32%1,2,4 (18.95%,27.69%) 0.668* (0.064,1.272) 22.68%2,4 (18.42%,26.94%) 

West 13.15%3 (7.04%,19.26%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 13.36%3 (7.24%,19.48%) 

Department Type (0.8407) 

All Career 4.96%2,3 (1.88%,8.03%) -0.211 (-1.061,0.638) 14.82% (4.62%,25.02%) 

All Volunteer 15.61%1 (11.53%,19.70%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 17.54% (12.93%,22.15%) Combination 18.29%1 (15.41%,21.18%) -0.083 (-0.492,0.327) 16.43% (13.72%,19.15%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.1906) 

Urban 6.73%2 (3.53%,9.94%) -0.447 (-1.116,0.223) 11.97% (5.47%,18.47%) 

Rural/Missing 18.75%1 (16.14%,21.37%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 17.29% (14.86%,19.72%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0000) 

50,000+ 2.57%2,3 (0.25%,4.90%) -1.807* (-2.979,-0.636) 4.13%3 (0.00%,8.60%) 

5,000-50,000 7.59%1,3 (5.10%,10.07%) -1.059* (-1.529,-0.590) 8.30%3 (5.32%,11.29%) 0 – 5,000 21.41%1,2 (18.26%,24.57%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 20.44%1,2 (17.21%,23.66%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.1790) 

Fatality with Investigation 7.68%2,3 (3.02%,12.34%) -0.322 (-1.007,0.362) 12.83% (5.64%,20.02%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 20.20%1 (11.62%,28.79%) 0.470 (-0.127,1.068) 23.79% (14.09%,33.49%) 

No Fatality 16.77%1 (14.49%,19.05%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 16.69% (14.42%,18.96%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.7191) 

Fire Chief 17.32% (14.57%,20.06%) -0.165 (-0.591,0.260) 16.49% (13.82%,19.15%) 

Safety Officer 7.96% (0.00%,17.02%) -0.629 (-1.955,0.697) 11.23% (0.00%,23.61%) Training Officer 12.48% (4.94%,20.02%) -0.275 (-1.073,0.522) 15.09% (6.33%,23.85%) 

Other/Missing 17.31% (12.38%,22.24%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 18.76% (13.45%,24.08%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 13 of 84 
Model 14: Q4. Firefighters receive training in: Fighting structure fires, Required Training 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 82.81% (80.54%,85.08%) 1.057* (0.422,1.691) 82.81% (80.54%,85.08%) 

Region (0.0152) 

Northeast 84.87%3 (80.39%,89.35%) -0.128 (-0.759,0.504) 83.43% (78.50%,88.36%) 

South 85.88%3 (82.02%,89.74%) 0.122 (-0.483,0.727) 86.49%3 (82.75%,90.24%) 

Midwest 76.86%1,2,4 (72.51%,81.21%) -0.535 (-1.108,0.038) 77.36%2,4 (73.13%,81.60%) West 85.28%3 (78.99%,91.57%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 85.06%3 (78.83%,91.29%) 

Department Type (0.7074) 

All Career 93.26%2,3 (89.27%,97.26%) -0.182 (-1.010,0.646) 78.93% (66.19%,91.66%) 

All Volunteer 83.47%1 (79.30%,87.63%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 81.62% (76.94%,86.30%) 

Combination 81.61%1 (78.72%,84.50%) 0.134 (-0.272,0.540) 83.45% (80.72%,86.18%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.1391) 

Urban 93.39%2 (90.20%,96.57%) 0.525 (-0.171,1.221) 88.40% (81.83%,94.98%) 

Rural/Missing 80.68%1 (78.03%,83.33%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 82.15% (79.68%,84.62%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0000) 

50,000+ 96.99%2,3 (94.53%,99.46%) 2.005* (0.893,3.118) 96.38%2,3 (92.67%,100.00%) 

5,000-50,000 92.75%1,3 (90.30%,95.19%) 1.177* (0.697,1.658) 92.12%1,3 (89.21%,95.04%) 

0 – 5,000 77.78%1,2 (74.59%,80.97%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 78.58%1,2 (75.26%,81.91%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.0716) 

Fatality with Investigation 90.44%2,3 (85.19%,95.68%) 0.091 (-0.550,0.732) 84.09% (76.15%,92.02%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 76.29%1 (67.23%,85.36%) -0.652* (-1.220,-0.084) 72.50%3 (62.55%,82.44%) 

No Fatality 82.82%1 (80.52%,85.13%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 82.90%2 (80.60%,85.19%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.3210) 

Fire Chief 82.67% (79.92%,85.42%) 0.314 (-0.101,0.729) 83.42% (80.75%,86.09%) 

Safety Officer 90.75% (81.41%,100.00%) 0.654 (-0.555,1.864) 87.45% (75.14%,99.75%) 

Training Officer 88.81% (81.59%,96.02%) 0.582 (-0.252,1.416) 86.66% (78.24%,95.09%) Other/Missing 80.29% (75.07%,85.51%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 78.89% (73.31%,84.48%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 14 of 84 
Model 15: Q4. Firefighters receive training in: Driving safety, No Training 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 3.93% (2.73%,5.14%) -1.828* (-2.845,-0.810) 3.93% (2.73%,5.14%) 

Region (0.0027) 

Northeast 1.02%3,4 (0.00%,2.18%) -1.837* (-3.225,-0.449) 1.16%3,4 (0.00%,2.48%) 

South 2.42%3 (0.64%,4.20%) -1.165* (-2.197,-0.132) 2.24%3 (0.67%,3.80%) Midwest 6.58%1,2 (3.98%,9.18%) -0.015 (-0.898,0.868) 6.64%1,2 (3.98%,9.31%) 

West 6.89%1 (2.12%,11.66%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 6.73%1 (2.07%,11.40%) 

Department Type (0.3346) 

All Career 2.52% (0.43%,4.60%) 0.622 (-0.616,1.859) 8.23% (0.00%,16.76%) 

All Volunteer 4.06% (1.71%,6.41%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 4.74% (1.98%,7.49%) Combination 3.98% (2.50%,5.45%) -0.326 (-1.093,0.442) 3.50% (2.18%,4.82%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.2041) 

Urban 1.20%2 (0.16%,2.23%) -0.635 (-1.616,0.346) 2.25% (0.20%,4.29%) 

Rural/Missing 4.49%1 (3.05%,5.92%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 4.10% (2.82%,5.38%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0016) 

50,000+ 1.40%3 (0.10%,2.69%) -1.773* (-3.176,-0.369) 0.95%3 (0.00%,2.16%) 

5,000-50,000 1.18%3 (0.26%,2.10%) -1.475* (-2.378,-0.572) 1.27%3 (0.27%,2.27%) 0 – 5,000 5.28%1,2 (3.53%,7.03%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 5.21%1,2 (3.45%,6.97%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.9421) 

Fatality with Investigation 2.21% (0.00%,4.73%) -0.000 (-1.219,1.219) 3.92% (0.00%,8.30%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 3.71% (0.00%,7.57%) 0.204 (-0.956,1.363) 4.74% (0.00%,9.56%) No Fatality 3.95% (2.72%,5.17%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 3.93% (2.71%,5.14%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.8561) 

Fire Chief 3.78% (2.37%,5.19%) -0.329 (-1.115,0.457) 3.67% (2.30%,5.05%) 

Safety Officer 3.76% (0.00%,10.36%) -0.085 (-2.030,1.859) 4.61% (0.00%,12.48%) Training Officer 3.40% (0.00%,7.27%) -0.404 (-1.805,0.997) 3.43% (0.00%,7.43%) 

Other/Missing 4.62% (1.64%,7.61%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 4.98% (1.87%,8.10%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 15 of 84 
Model 16: Q4. Firefighters receive training in: Driving safety, Optional Training 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 18.56% (16.18%,20.95%) -1.848* (-2.560,-1.136) 18.56% (16.18%,20.95%) 

Region (0.0209) 

Northeast 19.69%4 (14.45%,24.93%) 0.725* (0.038,1.413) 20.46%4 (14.97%,25.96%) 

South 16.12%3 (12.09%,20.14%) 0.416 (-0.246,1.078) 15.98%3 (11.96%,20.00%) 

Midwest 23.73%2,4 (19.28%,28.19%) 0.879* (0.231,1.527) 23.01%2,4 (18.65%,27.37%) 

West 10.85%1,3 (5.16%,16.55%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 11.21%1,3 (5.40%,17.03%) 

Department Type (0.7753) 

All Career 7.12%2,3 (3.51%,10.72%) -0.266 (-1.009,0.476) 15.43% (6.11%,24.75%) 

All Volunteer 17.39%1 (12.97%,21.81%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 19.11% (14.23%,23.99%) Combination 20.14%1 (17.11%,23.16%) -0.046 (-0.442,0.350) 18.43% (15.53%,21.34%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.4598) 

Urban 10.79%2 (6.68%,14.90%) -0.210 (-0.767,0.347) 15.99% (9.16%,22.82%) 

Rural/Missing 20.14%1 (17.39%,22.88%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 18.92% (16.34%,21.50%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0008) 

50,000+ 4.09%2,3 (1.21%,6.96%) -1.305* (-2.258,-0.352) 7.03%3 (1.10%,12.95%) 

5,000-50,000 11.75%1,3 (8.68%,14.83%) -0.684* (-1.078,-0.290) 12.27%3 (8.87%,15.68%) 0 – 5,000 22.24%1,2 (18.97%,25.50%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 21.53%1,2 (18.20%,24.86%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.0709) 

Fatality with Investigation 5.82%2,3 (1.87%,9.78%) -0.892* (-1.652,-0.132) 8.74%3 (2.87%,14.61%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 15.99%1 (8.47%,23.51%) -0.035 (-0.653,0.583) 18.11% (9.54%,26.67%) 

No Fatality 18.68%1 (16.26%,21.11%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 18.62%1 (16.20%,21.03%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.6309) 

Fire Chief 20.04%2 (17.10%,22.99%) 0.086 (-0.336,0.508) 19.25% (16.37%,22.14%) 

Safety Officer 7.58%1 (0.00%,16.71%) -0.660 (-2.107,0.786) 10.32% (0.00%,23.10%) 

Training Officer 12.59% (4.92%,20.27%) -0.231 (-1.034,0.571) 14.90% (6.01%,23.80%) 

Other/Missing 16.96% (11.88%,22.03%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 17.99% (12.68%,23.30%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 16 of 84 
Model 17: Q4. Firefighters receive training in: Driving safety, Required Training 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 77.70% (75.17%,80.23%) 1.112* (0.514,1.709) 77.70% (75.17%,80.23%) 

Region (0.0024) 

Northeast 79.43%3 (74.12%,84.73%) -0.229 (-0.817,0.359) 78.29%3 (72.71%,83.87%) 

South 81.69%3 (77.44%,85.94%) 0.017 (-0.539,0.573) 82.07%3 (77.91%,86.22%) Midwest 69.97%1,2,4 (65.22%,74.72%) -0.647* (-1.183,-0.111) 70.70%1,2,4 (66.09%,75.32%) 

West 82.25%3 (75.30%,89.20%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 81.83%3 (74.92%,88.74%) 

Department Type (0.7465) 

All Career 90.97%2,3 (87.04%,94.90%) 0.181 (-0.493,0.856) 79.30% (68.83%,89.78%) 

All Volunteer 78.55%1 (73.85%,83.25%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 76.33% (71.22%,81.44%) 

Combination 76.15%1 (72.94%,79.36%) 0.117 (-0.249,0.483) 78.28% (75.20%,81.35%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.3389) 

Urban 88.19%2 (83.99%,92.40%) 0.258 (-0.271,0.788) 81.28% (73.98%,88.58%) 

Rural/Missing 75.57%1 (72.65%,78.50%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 77.22% (74.48%,79.95%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0000) 

50,000+ 94.52%2,3 (91.37%,97.66%) 1.433* (0.613,2.254) 91.90%3 (86.14%,97.66%) 

5,000-50,000 87.42%1,3 (84.27%,90.57%) 0.877* (0.504,1.249) 86.74%3 (83.27%,90.22%) 0 – 5,000 72.61%1,2 (69.12%,76.10%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 73.44%1,2 (69.88%,77.00%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.0990) 

Fatality with Investigation 91.96%2,3 (87.35%,96.58%) 0.731* (0.062,1.400) 87.53%3 (80.56%,94.50%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 80.30%1 (72.17%,88.43%) -0.025 (-0.592,0.542) 77.24% (68.12%,86.37%) 

No Fatality 77.57%1 (74.99%,80.14%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 77.65%1 (75.09%,80.22%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.6223) 

Fire Chief 76.33%2,3 (73.22%,79.43%) 0.009 (-0.382,0.399) 77.22% (74.19%,80.25%) 

Safety Officer 88.66%1 (77.72%,99.59%) 0.522 (-0.732,1.777) 84.74% (69.54%,99.94%) Training Officer 85.30%1 (77.21%,93.40%) 0.388 (-0.370,1.146) 82.99% (73.69%,92.28%) Other/Missing 78.42% (72.86%,83.99%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 77.08% (71.32%,82.84%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 17 of 84 
Model 18: Q4. Firefighters receive training in: Incident Command systems, No Training 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 2.88% (1.83%,3.92%) -3.611* (-5.252,-1.970) 2.88% (1.83%,3.92%) 

Region (0.3046) 

Northeast 1.24%3 (0.00%,2.62%) -0.062 (-1.842,1.718) 1.44% (0.00%,3.05%) 

South 3.33% (1.24%,5.43%) 0.746 (-0.781,2.273) 3.16% (1.27%,5.04%) 

Midwest 4.16%1 (2.06%,6.27%) 0.985 (-0.508,2.478) 3.96% (1.96%,5.97%) 

West 1.50% (0.00%,3.57%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 1.53% (0.00%,3.62%) 

Department Type (0.2431) 

All Career 0.07%2,3 (0.00%,0.21%) -1.595 (-3.472,0.281) 0.63%2,3 (0.00%,1.77%) 

All Volunteer 2.79%1 (0.84%,4.74%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 2.98%1 (0.90%,5.07%) Combination 3.16%1 (1.83%,4.49%) -0.048 (-0.919,0.822) 2.85%1 (1.63%,4.07%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.0000) 

Urban 0.02%2 (0.00%,0.06%) -4.226* (-6.149,-2.302) 0.05%2 (0.00%,0.14%) 

Rural/Missing 3.45%1 (2.20%,4.71%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 3.12%1 (1.99%,4.24%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.1115) 

50,000+ 0.13%3 (0.00%,0.39%) -1.461 (-3.363,0.440) 0.80%3 (0.00%,2.25%) 

5,000-50,000 0.98%3 (0.04%,1.92%) -0.913 (-1.998,0.172) 1.37%3 (0.03%,2.70%) 0 – 5,000 3.85%1,2 (2.35%,5.36%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 3.31%1,2 (2.01%,4.61%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.7830) 

Fatality with Investigation 1.43% (0.00%,3.44%) -0.131 (-1.621,1.359) 2.53% (0.00%,6.04%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 3.25% (0.00%,6.83%) 0.414 (-0.814,1.642) 4.25% (0.00%,8.86%) No Fatality 2.88% (1.82%,3.95%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 2.87% (1.81%,3.93%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.0307) 

Fire Chief 2.89%2 (1.66%,4.13%) -0.226 (-1.048,0.596) 2.76%2 (1.59%,3.93%) 

Safety Officer 0.13%1,3 (0.00%,0.39%) -2.901* (-5.067,-0.734) 0.20%1,3 (0.00%,0.60%) 

Training Officer, Other or Missing 3.12%2 (0.94%,5.29%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 3.42%2 (1.13%,5.72%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 18 of 84 
Model 19: Q4. Firefighters receive training in: Incident Command systems, Optional Training 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 27.39% (24.70%,30.08%) -0.742* (-1.312,-0.172) 27.39% (24.70%,30.08%) 

Region (0.0341) 

Northeast 29.65% (23.73%,35.56%) 0.636* (0.083,1.190) 32.43%2,4 (26.13%,38.73%) 

South 24.90% (20.13%,29.67%) 0.182 (-0.344,0.708) 23.87%1,3 (19.30%,28.45%) 

Midwest 31.39%4 (26.58%,36.19%) 0.542* (0.024,1.060) 30.54%2,4 (25.93%,35.15%) 

West 20.46%3 (13.27%,27.64%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 20.88%1,3 (13.70%,28.06%) 

Department Type (0.1632) 

All Career 5.73%2,3 (2.47%,8.99%) -0.649 (-1.396,0.097) 18.78% (7.94%,29.62%) 

All Volunteer 27.65%1 (22.73%,32.56%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 29.86% (24.61%,35.12%) Combination 29.02%1 (25.57%,32.47%) -0.182 (-0.518,0.153) 26.43% (23.15%,29.71%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.0026) 

Urban 9.74%2 (5.85%,13.63%) -0.837* (-1.382,-0.293) 15.46%2 (8.87%,22.05%) 

Rural/Missing 30.95%1 (27.82%,34.09%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 29.01%1 (26.04%,31.98%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0000) 

50,000+ 4.72%2,3 (1.52%,7.92%) -1.336* (-2.240,-0.432) 11.34%3 (2.67%,20.00%) 

5,000-50,000 14.23%1,3 (10.87%,17.58%) -0.916* (-1.275,-0.557) 16.20%3 (12.20%,20.20%) 0 – 5,000 34.29%1,2 (30.57%,38.00%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 32.04%1,2 (28.36%,35.72%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.3689) 

Fatality with Investigation 12.29%2,3 (6.39%,18.19%) -0.427 (-1.026,0.171) 20.20% (11.26%,29.14%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 23.10%1 (14.38%,31.81%) -0.078 (-0.648,0.493) 26.02% (16.11%,35.93%) No Fatality 27.54%1 (24.80%,30.28%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 27.43% (24.71%,30.16%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.4655) 

Fire Chief 28.54%2 (25.24%,31.83%) -0.127 (-0.494,0.241) 27.39% (24.19%,30.58%) 

Safety Officer 11.65%1,4 (0.85%,22.44%) -0.864 (-2.097,0.369) 15.80% (0.55%,31.04%) Training Officer 19.50% (10.29%,28.71%) -0.343 (-1.036,0.350) 23.54% (13.05%,34.03%) Other/Missing 28.20%2 (22.09%,34.30%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 29.79% (23.56%,36.02%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 19 of 84 
Model 20: Q4. Firefighters receive training in: Incident Command systems, Required Training 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 69.89% (67.15%,72.63%) 0.551 (-0.004,1.106) 69.89% (67.15%,72.63%) Region (0.0358) 

Northeast 69.12% (63.15%,75.09%) -0.599* (-1.139,-0.058) 66.18%4 (59.84%,72.52%) 

South 71.77% (66.83%,76.70%) -0.251 (-0.759,0.258) 72.95%3 (68.24%,77.66%) 

Midwest 64.96%4 (60.06%,69.86%) -0.607* (-1.107,-0.107) 66.01%2,4 (61.37%,70.65%) 

West 78.04%3 (70.72%,85.37%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 77.32%1,3 (70.04%,84.60%) 

Department Type (0.1379) 

All Career 94.20%2,3 (90.93%,97.47%) 0.683 (-0.054,1.421) 79.60%2 (68.30%,90.89%) 

All Volunteer 69.77%1 (64.81%,74.73%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 67.43%1 (62.18%,72.68%) 

Combination 67.96%1 (64.43%,71.49%) 0.174 (-0.152,0.500) 70.82% (67.46%,74.18%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.0008) 

Urban 90.24%2 (86.35%,94.13%) 0.932* (0.390,1.474) 83.79%2 (76.99%,90.60%) 

Rural/Missing 65.78%1 (62.58%,68.98%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 68.04%1 (65.02%,71.07%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0000) 

50,000+ 95.15%2,3 (91.94%,98.36%) 1.381* (0.496,2.265) 87.53%3 (78.35%,96.72%) 

5,000-50,000 84.79%1,3 (81.37%,88.22%) 0.963* (0.615,1.311) 82.34%3 (78.20%,86.48%) 0 – 5,000 62.09%1,2 (58.31%,65.87%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 64.80%1,2 (61.08%,68.53%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.3621) 

Fatality with Investigation 86.28%2,3 (80.13%,92.42%) 0.416 (-0.156,0.988) 77.29% (68.12%,86.45%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 73.65%1 (64.60%,82.70%) 0.016 (-0.532,0.564) 70.16% (60.01%,80.31%) No Fatality 69.73%1 (66.95%,72.52%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 69.85% (67.08%,72.63%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.1168) 

Fire Chief 68.57%2,3 (65.21%,71.93%) 0.196 (-0.162,0.555) 69.84% (66.60%,73.08%) 

Safety Officer 88.22%1,4 (77.43%,99.02%) 1.051 (-0.179,2.282) 83.80%4 (68.32%,99.29%) 

Training Officer 82.82%1,4 (73.96%,91.67%) 0.717 (-0.012,1.447) 79.02%4 (68.68%,89.36%) Other/Missing 67.68%2,3 (61.37%,73.98%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 65.91%2,3 (59.50%,72.33%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 20 of 84 
Model 21: Q4. Firefighters receive training in: Maintenance of Self-Contained Breathing Apparatuses (SCBAs)

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 6.55% (5.02%,8.08%) -1.526* (-2.310,-0.741) 6.55% (5.02%,8.08%) 

Region (0.0114) 

Northeast 4.04%4 (1.43%,6.65%) -1.228* (-2.110,-0.346) 4.42%4 (1.52%,7.32%) 

South 7.07% (4.31%,9.83%) -0.772* (-1.451,-0.092) 6.79%4 (4.11%,9.46%) Midwest 5.08%4 (2.78%,7.38%) -1.111* (-1.848,-0.374) 4.94%4 (2.65%,7.23%) West 13.19%1,3 (7.13%,19.24%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 13.50%1,2,3 (7.32%,19.69%) 

Department Type (0.2204) 

All Career 5.71% (2.40%,9.03%) 0.708 (-0.200,1.617) 13.06% (3.21%,22.91%) All Volunteer 7.22% (4.15%,10.29%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 7.03% (3.81%,10.24%) Combination 6.26% (4.44%,8.09%) -0.160 (-0.794,0.474) 6.07% (4.23%,7.91%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.0092) 

Urban 2.56%2 (0.95%,4.17%) -1.072* (-1.879,-0.266) 2.66%2 (0.71%,4.60%) 

Rural/Missing 7.36%1 (5.55%,9.17%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 7.30%1 (5.55%,9.05%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.4524) 

50,000+ 3.17%3 (0.70%,5.64%) -0.796 (-2.045,0.452) 3.29% (0.00%,6.99%) 

5,000-50,000 5.00% (2.99%,7.01%) -0.193 (-0.795,0.409) 5.81% (3.25%,8.38%) 0 – 5,000 7.38%1 (5.29%,9.47%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 6.94% (4.93%,8.95%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.9899) 

Fatality with Investigation 5.26% (0.74%,9.77%) 0.068 (-0.903,1.038) 6.97% (0.94%,12.99%) Fatality - No Investigation 6.04% (1.32%,10.77%) 0.022 (-0.823,0.867) 6.68% (1.76%,11.60%) No Fatality 6.57% (5.01%,8.13%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 6.55% (5.00%,8.10%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.4884) 

Fire Chief 6.77% (4.86%,8.68%) -0.025 (-0.633,0.584) 6.86% (4.91%,8.81%) 

Safety Officer 4.23% (0.00%,10.91%) -0.647 (-2.364,1.070) 3.84% (0.00%,9.91%) Training Officer 3.57% (0.05%,7.09%) -0.810 (-1.984,0.365) 3.29% (0.00%,6.65%) 

Other/Missing 7.08% (3.80%,10.36%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 7.01% (3.73%,10.30%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 21 of 84 
Model 22: Q4. Firefighters receive training in: Maintenance of Self-Contained Breathing Apparatuses (SCBAs)

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 33.59% (30.77%,36.41%) -0.745* (-1.239,-0.252) 33.59% (30.77%,36.41%) 

Region (0.0076) 

Northeast 32.86%4 (26.90%,38.82%) 0.522* (0.020,1.023) 34.27%4 (28.02%,40.51%) 

South 31.94%3 (26.88%,37.00%) 0.381 (-0.089,0.851) 31.26%3 (26.22%,36.30%) 

Midwest 40.21%2,4 (35.22%,45.21%) 0.759* (0.295,1.223) 39.63%2,4 (34.66%,44.59%) 

West 23.35%1,3 (16.28%,30.41%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 23.86%1,3 (16.62%,31.10%) 

Department Type (0.2882) 

All Career 14.81%2,3 (9.59%,20.03%) -0.388 (-0.950,0.175) 25.16% (15.25%,35.06%) 

All Volunteer 31.60%1 (26.49%,36.71%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 32.86% (27.54%,38.19%) Combination 36.18%1 (32.57%,39.80%) 0.073 (-0.234,0.380) 34.43% (30.84%,38.02%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.0595) 

Urban 20.89%2 (15.81%,25.96%) -0.412 (-0.841,0.016) 26.35%2 (18.88%,33.82%) 

Rural/Missing 36.15%1 (32.92%,39.38%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 34.82%1 (31.67%,37.98%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0075) 

50,000+ 10.70%2,3 (6.18%,15.22%) -0.970* (-1.632,-0.308) 17.99%2,3 (8.94%,27.03%) 

5,000-50,000 26.22%1,3 (22.04%,30.40%) -0.367* (-0.679,-0.054) 28.38%1,3 (23.53%,33.22%) 0 – 5,000 37.79%1,2 (34.04%,41.54%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 36.17%1,2 (32.35%,39.99%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.6327) 

Fatality with Investigation 21.37%3 (14.18%,28.56%) -0.193 (-0.656,0.269) 29.58% (20.53%,38.62%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 32.90% (23.58%,42.23%) 0.099 (-0.358,0.557) 35.76% (26.07%,45.44%) No Fatality 33.69%1 (30.82%,36.55%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 33.59% (30.74%,36.45%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.1619) 

Fire Chief 33.35% (29.98%,36.72%) -0.343* (-0.667,-0.019) 32.16%4 (28.85%,35.46%) 

Safety Officer 19.68%4 (6.25%,33.12%) -0.653 (-1.582,0.277) 25.99% (9.33%,42.66%) 

Training Officer 28.82% (17.90%,39.73%) -0.308 (-0.924,0.307) 32.88% (21.10%,44.66%) Other/Missing 37.76%2 (31.44%,44.07%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 39.73%1 (33.28%,46.18%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 22 of 84 
Model 23: Q4. Firefighters receive training in: Maintenance of Self-Contained Breathing Apparatuses (SCBAs)

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 60.26% (57.35%,63.16%) 0.095 (-0.380,0.570) 60.26% (57.35%,63.16%) Region (0.2009) 

Northeast 63.10%3 (57.01%,69.20%) -0.134 (-0.595,0.328) 61.16% (54.79%,67.53%) 

South 61.34% (56.08%,66.61%) -0.083 (-0.513,0.347) 62.32% (57.08%,67.55%) 

Midwest 55.01%1,4 (49.97%,60.04%) -0.365 (-0.788,0.059) 55.76% (50.79%,60.73%) 

West 64.97%3 (56.96%,72.97%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 64.18% (56.07%,72.28%) 

Department Type (0.8685) 

All Career 79.65%2,3 (73.80%,85.51%) 0.139 (-0.380,0.659) 63.19% (52.02%,74.37%) 

All Volunteer 61.18%1 (55.87%,66.49%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 60.03% (54.52%,65.53%) 

Combination 58.19%1 (54.49%,61.90%) 0.008 (-0.288,0.304) 60.21% (56.53%,63.89%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.0053) 

Urban 76.75%2 (71.54%,81.95%) 0.576* (0.172,0.981) 71.11%2 (63.59%,78.62%) 

Rural/Missing 56.94%1 (53.60%,60.27%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 58.35%1 (55.08%,61.62%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0008) 

50,000+ 87.29%2,3 (82.41%,92.18%) 1.165* (0.532,1.798) 80.77%2,3 (71.64%,89.89%) 

5,000-50,000 69.01%1,3 (64.67%,73.35%) 0.384* (0.087,0.681) 66.08%1,3 (61.05%,71.11%) 0 – 5,000 55.28%1,2 (51.42%,59.14%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 57.21%1,2 (53.26%,61.17%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.7173) 

Fatality with Investigation 73.37%3 (65.51%,81.23%) 0.132 (-0.303,0.567) 63.25% (53.78%,72.72%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 61.05% (51.34%,70.77%) -0.117 (-0.567,0.333) 57.56% (47.43%,67.68%) 

No Fatality 60.16%1 (57.20%,63.11%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 60.27% (57.32%,63.21%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.1224) 

Fire Chief 60.12%2 (56.63%,63.61%) 0.307 (-0.010,0.624) 61.25% (57.81%,64.70%) 

Safety Officer 76.08%1,4 (61.78%,90.39%) 0.700 (-0.168,1.568) 69.81% (52.82%,86.79%) Training Officer 69.10%4 (58.13%,80.06%) 0.507 (-0.086,1.100) 65.73% (54.17%,77.29%) Other/Missing 55.84%2,3 (49.40%,62.28%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 54.05% (47.47%,60.63%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 23 of 84 
Model 24: Q4. Firefighters receive training in: Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs), No Training 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 28.51% (25.74%,31.27%) -0.769* (-1.342,-0.195) 28.51% (25.74%,31.27%) 

Region (0.0055) 

Northeast 20.75%2,3 (15.55%,25.95%) 0.151 (-0.421,0.723) 22.93%3 (17.29%,28.57%) 

South 31.09%1,4 (25.86%,36.31%) 0.562* (0.041,1.083) 30.25%4 (25.22%,35.28%) 

Midwest 35.42%1,4 (30.30%,40.53%) 0.735* (0.218,1.251) 33.63%1,4 (28.79%,38.48%) West 19.82%2,3 (12.97%,26.68%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 20.54%2,3 (13.60%,27.48%) 

Department Type (0.2058) 

All Career 11.06%2,3 (6.26%,15.86%) 0.618 (-0.095,1.331) 40.73% (26.79%,54.66%) 

All Volunteer 26.77%1 (21.79%,31.75%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 28.62% (23.41%,33.83%) 

Combination 30.97%1 (27.40%,34.55%) -0.029 (-0.375,0.317) 28.10% (24.75%,31.45%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.0022) 

Urban 7.91%2 (4.38%,11.45%) -1.009* (-1.654,-0.365) 14.41%2 (7.09%,21.73%) 

Rural/Missing 32.86%1 (29.60%,36.12%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 30.28%1 (27.23%,33.33%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0000) 

50,000+ 1.68%2,3 (0.25%,3.11%) -3.102* (-4.105,-2.098) 2.49%2,3 (0.13%,4.85%) 

5,000-50,000 12.44%1,3 (9.32%,15.56%) -1.184* (-1.568,-0.800) 14.53%1,3 (10.62%,18.43%) 0 – 5,000 37.14%1,2 (33.25%,41.03%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 34.73%1,2 (30.82%,38.65%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.0480) 

Fatality with Investigation 9.86%3 (4.42%,15.29%) -0.740* (-1.415,-0.065) 16.90%3 (8.21%,25.60%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 17.70%3 (9.65%,25.76%) -0.409 (-1.022,0.203) 21.66% (12.40%,30.93%) 

No Fatality 28.76%1,2 (25.95%,31.57%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 28.62%1 (25.82%,31.42%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.1003) 

Fire Chief 29.97%3 (26.57%,33.38%) -0.154 (-0.531,0.223) 28.81%3 (25.54%,32.07%) 

Safety Officer 17.76% (3.50%,32.01%) -0.400 (-1.567,0.767) 24.45% (5.47%,43.42%) Training Officer 13.25%1,4 (5.49%,21.00%) -0.993* (-1.782,-0.203) 15.71%1,4 (6.70%,24.71%) 

Other/Missing 30.24%3 (23.94%,36.53%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 31.72%3 (25.32%,38.12%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 24 of 84 
Model 25: Q4. Firefighters receive training in: Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs), Optional Training 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 36.16% (33.22%,39.10%) -1.349* (-1.886,-0.812) 36.16% (33.22%,39.10%) 

Region (0.0000) 

Northeast 52.93%2,3,4 (46.48%,59.37%) 1.380* (0.873,1.887) 52.25%2,3,4 (45.65%,58.86%) 

South 32.10%1,4 (26.90%,37.30%) 0.535* (0.049,1.021) 32.64%1,4 (27.43%,37.85%) Midwest 34.20%1,4 (29.19%,39.21%) 0.566* (0.084,1.049) 33.31%1,4 (28.39%,38.23%) West 21.26%1,2,3 (14.47%,28.05%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 22.33%1,2,3 (15.17%,29.50%) 

Department Type (0.0007) 

All Career 14.66%2,3 (9.35%,19.96%) -0.656* (-1.244,-0.069) 19.45%2,3 (10.89%,28.01%) 

All Volunteer 29.96%1,3 (24.82%,35.11%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 31.13%1,3 (25.90%,36.36%) 

Combination 41.45%1,2 (37.59%,45.30%) 0.411* (0.098,0.723) 40.01%1,2 (36.17%,43.85%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.8736) 

Urban 32.23% (26.48%,37.98%) -0.033 (-0.438,0.372) 35.57% (27.81%,43.33%) Rural/Missing 36.99% (33.65%,40.34%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 36.27% (33.00%,39.54%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0637) 

50,000+ 10.88%2,3 (6.13%,15.62%) -0.808* (-1.487,-0.128) 21.70%2,3 (11.42%,31.98%) 

5,000-50,000 34.66%1 (30.09%,39.23%) -0.113 (-0.431,0.206) 34.76%1 (29.64%,39.88%) 

0 – 5,000 37.97%1 (34.08%,41.86%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 37.17%1 (33.24%,41.11%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.0898) 

Fatality with Investigation 29.62%2 (21.45%,37.80%) 0.143 (-0.296,0.582) 39.14% (29.72%,48.56%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 46.15%1 (35.99%,56.31%) 0.501* (0.044,0.959) 47.24%3 (37.14%,57.33%) 

No Fatality 36.10% (33.11%,39.09%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 36.03%2 (33.05%,39.01%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.0118) 

Fire Chief 37.03%2 (33.47%,40.60%) -0.130 (-0.471,0.212) 35.48%2 (32.03%,38.94%) 

Safety Officer 10.33%1,3,4 (0.88%,19.78%) -1.570* (-2.679,-0.461) 12.29%1,3,4 (1.10%,23.49%) 

Training Officer 40.12%2 (28.74%,51.50%) 0.348 (-0.227,0.922) 46.17%2 (34.68%,57.65%) 

Other/Missing 35.65%2 (29.17%,42.13%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 38.30%2 (31.70%,44.90%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 25 of 84 
Model 26: Q4. Firefighters receive training in: Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs), Required Training 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 35.54% (32.80%,38.28%) -0.171 (-0.682,0.339) 35.54% (32.80%,38.28%) 

Region (0.0000) 

Northeast 26.90%2,4 (21.30%,32.51%) -1.622* (-2.145,-1.099) 25.01%2,3,4 (19.75%,30.27%) 

South 36.81%1,4 (31.68%,41.95%) -0.937* (-1.402,-0.473) 37.30%1,4 (32.33%,42.27%) Midwest 30.63%4 (26.15%,35.10%) -1.166* (-1.623,-0.710) 32.89%1,4 (28.52%,37.26%) West 58.91%1,2,3 (50.75%,67.08%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 57.17%1,2,3 (48.74%,65.59%) 

Department Type (0.0217) 

All Career 74.90%2,3 (68.52%,81.27%) 0.180 (-0.323,0.683) 43.73%3 (33.54%,53.91%) 

All Volunteer 43.26%1,3 (38.26%,48.27%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 40.01%3 (35.04%,44.98%) 

Combination 27.87%1,2 (24.38%,31.35%) -0.392* (-0.707,-0.078) 32.38%1,2 (28.78%,35.98%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.0023) 

Urban 60.63%2 (54.90%,66.36%) 0.603* (0.216,0.990) 45.59%2 (38.15%,53.02%) 

Rural/Missing 30.23%1 (27.14%,33.33%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 33.38%1 (30.26%,36.50%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0000) 

50,000+ 87.44%2,3 (82.57%,92.31%) 2.125* (1.499,2.750) 72.44%2,3 (61.40%,83.47%) 

5,000-50,000 53.58%1,3 (48.93%,58.23%) 1.100* (0.778,1.422) 50.40%1,3 (45.10%,55.70%) 0 – 5,000 24.89%1,2 (21.37%,28.41%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 27.21%1,2 (23.50%,30.93%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.2765) 

Fatality with Investigation 60.52%2,3 (51.82%,69.22%) 0.286 (-0.184,0.756) 41.11% (31.94%,50.28%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 36.15%1 (26.67%,45.62%) -0.254 (-0.766,0.258) 30.94% (22.29%,39.60%) 

No Fatality 35.35%1 (32.57%,38.14%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 35.55% (32.78%,38.33%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.0221) 

Fire Chief 33.29%2,3 (29.95%,36.64%) 0.300 (-0.065,0.665) 36.01%2 (32.68%,39.33%) 

Safety Officer 71.91%1,3,4 (56.31%,87.52%) 1.527* (0.514,2.539) 61.31%1,3,4 (41.44%,81.18%) 

Training Officer 46.63%1,2 (35.33%,57.94%) 0.352 (-0.223,0.927) 37.00%2 (27.39%,46.60%) 

Other/Missing 34.12%2 (28.20%,40.03%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 30.49%2 (24.96%,36.03%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 26 of 84 
Model 27: Q4. Firefighters receive training in: Use of personal protective equipment and/or protective clothing, 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 1.45% (0.75%,2.16%) -2.961* (-4.303,-1.620) 1.45% (0.75%,2.16%) 

Region (0.6497) 

Northeast 0.59% (0.00%,1.44%) -1.055 (-3.004,0.893) 0.64% (0.00%,1.58%) 

South 1.94% (0.41%,3.46%) -0.028 (-1.471,1.414) 1.76% (0.43%,3.10%) 

Midwest 1.38% (0.30%,2.46%) -0.213 (-1.694,1.269) 1.47% (0.30%,2.65%) 

West 1.87% (0.00%,4.04%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 1.81% (0.00%,3.98%) 

Department Type (0.1493) 

All Career 3.20% (0.62%,5.77%) 1.188 (-0.222,2.598) 4.74% (0.00%,10.43%) 

All Volunteer 1.65% (0.27%,3.03%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 1.53% (0.21%,2.85%) Combination 1.21% (0.37%,2.04%) -0.225 (-1.415,0.964) 1.23% (0.35%,2.10%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.4556) 

Urban 1.61% (0.41%,2.80%) 0.451 (-0.734,1.635) 2.10% (0.00%,4.23%) 

Rural/Missing 1.42% (0.61%,2.23%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 1.36% (0.61%,2.12%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.1140) 

50,000+ 1.16% (0.00%,2.81%) -2.174 (-4.442,0.094) 0.26%3 (0.00%,0.76%) 

5,000-50,000 0.94% (0.18%,1.70%) -1.035 (-2.241,0.171) 0.79% (0.10%,1.48%) 0 – 5,000 1.70% (0.71%,2.68%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 2.14%1 (0.84%,3.44%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.1336) 

Fatality 0.31%2 (0.00%,0.92%) -1.576 (-3.637,0.484) 0.31%2 (0.00%,0.94%) 

No Fatality 1.48%1 (0.76%,2.19%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 1.47%1 (0.76%,2.19%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.0248) 

Fire Chief 1.00% (0.30%,1.69%) -1.086* (-2.118,-0.054) 1.03% (0.31%,1.75%) 

Training Officer 0.30%3 (0.00%,0.89%) -2.439* (-4.575,-0.304) 0.27%3 (0.00%,0.81%) Safety Officer, Other, Missing 3.15%2 (1.01%,5.29%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 2.97%2 (0.88%,5.06%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 27 of 84 
Model 28: Q4. Firefighters receive training in: Use of personal protective equipment and/or protective clothing, 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 9.87% (8.05%,11.68%) -2.427* (-3.312,-1.542) 9.87% (8.05%,11.68%) 

Region (0.0068) 

Northeast 6.89%3 (3.67%,10.10%) 0.504 (-0.485,1.493) 7.55%3 (3.98%,11.11%) 

South 9.63% (6.38%,12.88%) 0.708 (-0.194,1.610) 9.08%3 (5.96%,12.19%) Midwest 14.42%1,4 (10.71%,18.14%) 1.254* (0.351,2.158) 14.58%1,2,4 (10.78%,18.39%) 

West 4.82%3 (1.09%,8.56%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 4.72%3 (1.01%,8.43%) 

Department Type (0.4091) 

All Career 4.31%2,3 (1.68%,6.94%) -0.271 (-1.184,0.643) 9.36% (1.83%,16.90%) 

All Volunteer 10.93%1 (7.41%,14.45%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 11.84% (7.91%,15.77%) 

Combination 9.74%1 (7.50%,11.97%) -0.321 (-0.818,0.176) 8.95% (6.80%,11.11%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.4034) 

Urban 4.81%2 (2.03%,7.58%) -0.355 (-1.189,0.478) 7.42% (2.11%,12.72%) 

Rural/Missing 10.88%1 (8.77%,12.99%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 10.18% (8.21%,12.15%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0061) 

50,000+ 3.15%3 (1.04%,5.27%) -1.177* (-2.140,-0.214) 4.00%3 (0.57%,7.42%) 

5,000-50,000 5.42%3 (3.35%,7.50%) -0.789* (-1.321,-0.257) 5.76%3 (3.40%,8.12%) 0 – 5,000 12.13%1,2 (9.59%,14.66%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 11.74%1,2 (9.16%,14.33%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.5337) 

Fatality with Investigation 6.49% (2.27%,10.72%) -0.059 (-0.793,0.675) 9.34% (3.45%,15.23%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 11.86% (5.34%,18.38%) 0.386 (-0.306,1.078) 13.68% (6.17%,21.19%) 

No Fatality 9.87% (8.02%,11.72%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 9.84% (8.00%,11.67%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.8902) 

Fire Chief 9.75% (7.56%,11.93%) -0.192 (-0.710,0.326) 9.41% (7.27%,11.55%) 

Safety Officer 8.32% (0.00%,18.10%) 0.059 (-1.378,1.496) 11.70% (0.00%,25.51%) 

Training Officer 9.04% (2.56%,15.51%) -0.052 (-0.962,0.858) 10.64% (3.20%,18.07%) Other/Missing 10.75% (6.68%,14.81%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 11.13% (6.89%,15.36%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 28 of 84 
Model 29: Q4. Firefighters receive training in: Use of personal protective equipment and/or protective clothing, 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 88.91% (87.01%,90.81%) 1.902* (1.135,2.669) 88.91% (87.01%,90.81%) 

Region (0.0047) 

Northeast 93.09%3 (89.88%,96.30%) -0.153 (-1.032,0.727) 92.41%3 (88.84%,95.98%) 

South 88.75% (85.27%,92.23%) -0.515 (-1.289,0.258) 89.50%3 (86.21%,92.78%) Midwest 84.20%1,4 (80.38%,88.02%) -1.017* (-1.790,-0.243) 83.92%1,2,4 (80.02%,87.83%) 

West 93.31%3 (89.06%,97.56%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 93.40%3 (89.13%,97.66%) 

Department Type (0.2990) 

All Career 93.10%2 (89.64%,96.55%) -0.061 (-0.865,0.742) 85.90% (76.66%,95.15%) 

All Volunteer 87.42%1 (83.71%,91.13%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 86.60% (82.53%,90.68%) 

Combination 89.39% (87.07%,91.71%) 0.360 (-0.109,0.829) 90.15% (87.91%,92.40%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.6257) 

Urban 93.77%2 (90.78%,96.76%) 0.182 (-0.551,0.916) 90.38% (84.56%,96.21%) 

Rural/Missing 87.94%1 (85.74%,90.14%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 88.73% (86.67%,90.78%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0006) 

50,000+ 95.69%3 (93.03%,98.35%) 1.376* (0.424,2.327) 96.10%3 (92.81%,99.39%) 

5,000-50,000 94.04%3 (91.92%,96.16%) 0.914* (0.410,1.419) 93.97%3 (91.67%,96.27%) 

0 – 5,000 86.35%1,2 (83.68%,89.01%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 86.37%1,2 (83.57%,89.17%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.8321) 

Fatality with Investigation 92.74% (88.29%,97.18%) 0.113 (-0.580,0.807) 89.96% (84.03%,95.89%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 88.75% (82.32%,95.18%) -0.177 (-0.886,0.532) 87.13% (79.77%,94.49%) 

No Fatality 88.89% (86.96%,90.82%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 88.92% (87.00%,90.85%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.5013) 

Fire Chief 89.44% (87.19%,91.69%) 0.367 (-0.107,0.842) 89.71% (87.49%,91.93%) Safety Officer 91.68% (81.90%,100.00%) 0.269 (-1.142,1.681) 88.80% (75.62%,100.00%) Training Officer 90.66% (84.16%,97.16%) 0.342 (-0.532,1.216) 89.48% (82.28%,96.68%) 

Other/Missing 86.21% (81.70%,90.71%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 85.94% (81.31%,90.58%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 29 of 84 
Model 30: Q4. Firefighters receive training in: Use of radio communication devices, No Training 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 2.68% (1.70%,3.65%) -2.986* (-4.356,-1.615) 2.68% (1.70%,3.65%) 

Region (0.4236) 

Northeast 2.00% (0.16%,3.85%) 0.432 (-1.193,2.057) 2.43% (0.12%,4.75%) 

South 2.69% (0.83%,4.56%) 0.396 (-0.996,1.788) 2.35% (0.76%,3.95%) 

Midwest 3.48% (1.72%,5.24%) 0.928 (-0.424,2.279) 3.89% (1.94%,5.84%) West 1.90% (0.00%,4.08%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 1.60% (0.00%,3.51%) 

Department Type (0.6188) 

All Career 2.77% (0.42%,5.11%) 0.363 (-1.031,1.757) 4.33% (0.00%,9.65%) All Volunteer 3.15% (1.24%,5.07%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 3.08% (1.21%,4.95%) Combination 2.41% (1.24%,3.58%) -0.277 (-1.112,0.558) 2.37% (1.21%,3.52%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.2608) 

Urban 1.65% (0.44%,2.85%) -0.557 (-1.528,0.414) 1.68% (0.23%,3.13%) 

Rural/Missing 2.88% (1.74%,4.02%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 2.87% (1.77%,3.97%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.2001) 

50,000+ 2.28% (0.07%,4.48%) -0.803 (-2.501,0.894) 1.48% (0.00%,3.74%) 

5,000-50,000 1.61% (0.59%,2.63%) -0.693 (-1.464,0.078) 1.65% (0.63%,2.66%) 0 – 5,000 3.17% (1.80%,4.53%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 3.20% (1.83%,4.57%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.1535) 

Fatality with Investigation 1.96% (0.00%,4.16%) -0.159 (-1.428,1.109) 2.32% (0.00%,5.11%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 0.38%3 (0.00%,1.13%) -2.009 (-4.049,0.032) 0.38%3 (0.00%,1.13%) 

No Fatality 2.71%2 (1.72%,3.69%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 2.70%2 (1.72%,3.69%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.0010) 

Fire Chief 1.51%3 (0.67%,2.36%) -1.379* (-2.204,-0.553) 1.47%3 (0.64%,2.29%) 

Training Officer 6.16% (1.18%,11.15%) 0.266 (-0.801,1.334) 7.07% (1.07%,13.07%) 

Safety Office, Other, Missing 5.19%1 (2.25%,8.13%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 5.53%1 (2.46%,8.59%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 30 of 84 
Model 31: Q4. Firefighters receive training in: Use of radio communication devices, Optional Training 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 21.38% (18.92%,23.84%) -1.590* (-2.221,-0.958) 21.38% (18.92%,23.84%) 

Region (0.0062) 

Northeast 21.01%4 (15.91%,26.12%) 0.859* (0.203,1.515) 22.22%4 (16.78%,27.66%) 

South 21.27%4 (16.80%,25.74%) 0.750* (0.126,1.375) 20.44%4 (16.16%,24.73%) Midwest 26.14%4 (21.60%,30.68%) 1.084* (0.462,1.706) 26.22%4 (21.71%,30.74%) West 10.99%1,2,3 (5.57%,16.40%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 10.96%1,2,3 (5.51%,16.41%) 

Department Type (0.0614) 

All Career 9.16%2,3 (5.22%,13.09%) -0.553 (-1.192,0.085) 16.59% (8.17%,25.00%) 

All Volunteer 23.75%1 (19.06%,28.43%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 25.34% (20.36%,30.33%) Combination 21.07%1 (18.01%,24.12%) -0.340 (-0.686,0.006) 19.65% (16.71%,22.60%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.9816) 

Urban 14.83%2 (10.30%,19.36%) 0.006 (-0.501,0.513) 21.46% (13.86%,29.07%) 

Rural/Missing 22.68%1 (19.87%,25.49%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 21.37% (18.70%,24.03%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0001) 

50,000+ 6.35%2,3 (2.92%,9.79%) -1.286* (-2.061,-0.511) 8.64%3 (2.95%,14.34%) 

5,000-50,000 14.10%1,3 (10.83%,17.36%) -0.750* (-1.135,-0.364) 13.85%3 (10.26%,17.44%) 0 – 5,000 25.22%1,2 (21.87%,28.57%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 25.15%1,2 (21.62%,28.68%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.7358) 

Fatality with Investigation 13.38%3 (7.49%,19.27%) -0.174 (-0.729,0.382) 18.69% (10.72%,26.65%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 21.15% (13.03%,29.27%) 0.121 (-0.414,0.655) 23.39% (14.54%,32.23%) No Fatality 21.44%1 (18.94%,23.94%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 21.37% (18.88%,23.86%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.6511) 

Fire Chief 21.75%2 (18.78%,24.72%) -0.086 (-0.467,0.295) 21.21% (18.29%,24.12%) 

Safety Officer 9.07%1,4 (0.00%,18.24%) -0.783 (-2.021,0.455) 12.03% (0.00%,24.46%) Training Officer 19.90% (10.75%,29.06%) -0.002 (-0.677,0.672) 22.59% (12.64%,32.53%) Other/Missing 22.23%2 (16.70%,27.76%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 22.63% (17.02%,28.24%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 31 of 84 
Model 32: Q4. Firefighters receive training in: Use of radio communication devices, Required Training 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 76.19% (73.65%,78.73%) 1.264* (0.659,1.868) 76.19% (73.65%,78.73%) 

Region (0.0015) 

Northeast 77.12%4 (71.83%,82.40%) -0.832* (-1.456,-0.207) 75.42%4 (69.76%,81.09%) 

South 76.67%4 (72.06%,81.28%) -0.691* (-1.280,-0.103) 77.85%3,4 (73.48%,82.22%) Midwest 70.38%4 (65.70%,75.06%) -1.111* (-1.698,-0.524) 70.10%2,4 (65.43%,74.77%) West 87.12%1,2,3 (81.38%,92.85%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 87.33%1,2,3 (81.58%,93.08%) 

Department Type (0.0605) 

All Career 88.68%2,3 (84.35%,93.01%) 0.458 (-0.139,1.055) 79.80% (70.77%,88.84%) 

All Volunteer 73.43%1 (68.61%,78.25%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 71.83%3 (66.74%,76.93%) 

Combination 76.70%1 (73.54%,79.87%) 0.357* (0.022,0.692) 78.19%2 (75.13%,81.25%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.7564) 

Urban 83.82%2 (79.19%,88.45%) 0.076 (-0.404,0.556) 77.32% (69.87%,84.78%) 

Rural/Missing 74.68%1 (71.77%,77.58%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 76.03% (73.26%,78.79%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0000) 

50,000+ 92.11%2,3 (88.31%,95.91%) 1.266* (0.548,1.985) 89.90%3 (83.87%,95.93%) 

5,000-50,000 84.39%1,3 (81.02%,87.77%) 0.774* (0.411,1.136) 84.56%3 (80.89%,88.24%) 

0 – 5,000 71.91%1,2 (68.44%,75.37%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 72.01%1,2 (68.39%,75.63%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.8513) 

Fatality with Investigation 84.66%3 (78.47%,90.85%) 0.150 (-0.369,0.669) 78.68% (70.54%,86.82%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 78.47% (70.33%,86.62%) -0.001 (-0.535,0.533) 76.17% (67.26%,85.08%) 

No Fatality 76.11%1 (73.53%,78.69%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 76.18% (73.61%,78.75%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.1228) 

Fire Chief 76.78%2 (73.75%,79.81%) 0.287 (-0.078,0.652) 77.40% (74.43%,80.37%) Safety Officer 91.65%1,3,4 (82.59%,100.00%) 1.151 (-0.151,2.452) 88.78%3,4 (76.40%,100.00%) 

Training Officer 73.94%2 (64.07%,83.81%) -0.089 (-0.704,0.527) 70.52%2 (59.95%,81.09%) 

Other/Missing 72.85%2 (66.92%,78.78%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 72.24%2 (66.21%,78.27%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 32 of 84 
Model 33: Q8. How familiar are you with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)? - 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 67.39% (64.60%,70.17%) -0.072 (-0.563,0.418) 67.39% (64.60%,70.17%) 

Region (0.0012) 

Northeast 78.00%2,3,4 (72.81%,83.18%) 0.760* (0.279,1.240) 76.84%2,3,4 (71.48%,82.21%) 

South 67.36%1 (62.31%,72.40%) 0.282 (-0.157,0.720) 67.84%1 (62.90%,72.77%) 

Midwest 61.07%1 (56.15%,65.98%) 0.031 (-0.399,0.461) 62.51%1 (57.71%,67.32%) West 63.95%1 (55.73%,72.16%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 61.83%1 (53.77%,69.90%) 

Department Type (0.8456) 

All Career 86.33%2,3 (81.08%,91.59%) 0.044 (-0.565,0.653) 69.30% (57.67%,80.93%) 

All Volunteer 69.36%1 (64.29%,74.43%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 68.43% (63.29%,73.57%) 

Combination 64.78%1 (61.22%,68.34%) -0.082 (-0.393,0.229) 66.76% (63.29%,70.23%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.1574) 

Urban 83.74%2 (79.01%,88.47%) 0.343 (-0.133,0.819) 73.32% (65.05%,81.59%) 

Rural/Missing 64.10%1 (60.89%,67.31%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 66.57% (63.55%,69.60%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0000) 

50,000+ 93.68%2,3 (90.56%,96.80%) 1.849* (1.154,2.543) 90.93%2,3 (85.58%,96.27%) 

5,000-50,000 80.24%1,3 (76.47%,84.01%) 0.800* (0.469,1.131) 78.17%1,3 (73.74%,82.61%) 0 – 5,000 60.59%1,2 (56.82%,64.37%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 62.32%1,2 (58.47%,66.17%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.0008) 

Fatality with Investigation 90.65%2,3 (85.75%,95.55%) 1.128* (0.501,1.755) 85.62%3 (78.32%,92.93%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 79.35%1,3 (71.25%,87.45%) 0.439 (-0.110,0.989) 75.55% (66.28%,84.81%) 

No Fatality 67.10%1,2 (64.27%,69.93%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 67.22%1 (64.40%,70.04%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.0038) 

Fire Chief 66.39%2,3 (63.03%,69.76%) 0.286 (-0.044,0.616) 67.35%2,3 (64.06%,70.64%) 

Safety Officer 88.48%1,4 (76.54%,100.00%) 1.364* (0.131,2.597) 85.21%1,4 (70.54%,99.87%) 

Training Officer 83.26%1,4 (75.38%,91.14%) 1.093* (0.416,1.770) 81.60%1,4 (72.77%,90.43%) Other/Missing 62.88%2,3 (56.53%,69.23%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 61.24%2,3 (54.89%,67.58%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 33 of 84 
Model 34: Q9. How familiar are you with NIOSH's Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (

Very Familiar 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 45.71% (42.85%,48.57%) -0.667* (-1.121,-0.214) 45.71% (42.85%,48.57%) 

Region (0.1203) 

Northeast 53.29%2,3 (46.96%,59.61%) 0.101 (-0.334,0.535) 51.08%3 (44.61%,57.56%) 

South 43.66%1 (38.57%,48.75%) -0.177 (-0.573,0.220) 44.59% (39.50%,49.68%) 

Midwest 40.70%1 (35.85%,45.54%) -0.294 (-0.692,0.104) 41.90%1 (37.06%,46.73%) 

West 50.15% (42.02%,58.28%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 48.71% (40.87%,56.56%) 

Department Type (0.5328) 

All Career 70.42%2,3 (64.14%,76.71%) 0.259 (-0.194,0.712) 51.01% (40.84%,61.17%) 

All Volunteer 45.98%1 (40.87%,51.09%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 44.98% (39.78%,50.17%) 

Combination 43.57%1 (39.88%,47.26%) 0.033 (-0.251,0.318) 45.75% (42.02%,49.48%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.0141) 

Urban 65.94%2 (60.13%,71.75%) 0.479* (0.097,0.862) 55.27%2 (47.01%,63.53%) 

Rural/Missing 41.66%1 (38.42%,44.89%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 43.91%1 (40.69%,47.13%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0001) 

50,000+ 74.55%2,3 (68.74%,80.36%) 0.870* (0.373,1.367) 61.70%3 (51.39%,72.00%) 

5,000-50,000 58.63%1,3 (54.01%,63.24%) 0.593* (0.307,0.879) 55.19%3 (50.02%,60.36%) 0 – 5,000 38.79%1,2 (35.07%,42.51%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 41.02%1,2 (37.11%,44.92%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.0000) 

Fatality with Investigation 81.58%2,3 (74.77%,88.38%) 1.355* (0.863,1.846) 74.92%3 (66.23%,83.62%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 67.55%1,3 (58.47%,76.64%) 0.813* (0.333,1.294) 64.06%3 (53.91%,74.20%) No Fatality 45.23%1,2 (42.32%,48.14%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 45.35%1,2 (42.45%,48.25%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.0030) 

Fire Chief 44.70%2,3 (41.25%,48.14%) 0.296 (-0.019,0.611) 45.79%3 (42.38%,49.20%) 

Safety Officer 67.30%1,4 (51.57%,83.02%) 0.901* (0.119,1.683) 59.96%4 (42.95%,76.97%) 

Training Officer 64.41%1,4 (53.61%,75.21%) 0.945* (0.385,1.504) 60.95%1,4 (49.73%,72.18%) Other/Missing 40.31%2,3 (34.12%,46.50%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 38.99%2,3 (32.81%,45.17%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 34 of 84 
Model 35: Q11. In what ways has your department used NIOSH recommendations: Made changes to training pr

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 45.51% (42.39%,48.63%) -0.619* (-1.120,-0.118) 45.51% (42.39%,48.63%) 

Region (0.1907) 

Northeast 49.08% (42.41%,55.75%) -0.223 (-0.694,0.248) 47.38% (40.57%,54.19%) South 43.58%4 (37.96%,49.20%) -0.327 (-0.763,0.109) 44.90% (39.28%,50.52%) 

Midwest 41.19%4 (35.87%,46.52%) -0.461* (-0.900,-0.023) 41.74%4 (36.44%,47.04%) 

West 54.22%2,3 (45.36%,63.09%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 52.74%3 (43.84%,61.64%) 

Department Type (0.6336) 

All Career 57.79%2,3 (51.30%,64.28%) -0.000 (-0.434,0.434) 43.44% (33.85%,53.03%) 

All Volunteer 44.43%1 (38.98%,49.89%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 43.44% (37.88%,48.99%) Combination 45.00%1 (40.89%,49.11%) 0.143 (-0.161,0.447) 46.81% (42.67%,50.96%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.1396) 

Urban 57.20%2 (51.07%,63.32%) 0.290 (-0.095,0.675) 51.20% (42.96%,59.44%) 

Rural/Missing 42.88%1 (39.31%,46.45%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 44.25% (40.70%,47.80%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0060) 

50,000+ 65.70%2,3 (59.21%,72.20%) 0.801* (0.288,1.314) 61.14%2,3 (50.69%,71.60%) 

5,000-50,000 52.44%1,3 (47.59%,57.29%) 0.370* (0.067,0.674) 50.88%1,3 (45.59%,56.18%) 0 – 5,000 40.90%1,2 (36.70%,45.10%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 41.98%1,2 (37.59%,46.38%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.0001) 

Fatality with Investigation 70.07%3 (61.94%,78.19%) 0.813* (0.394,1.232) 64.30%3 (55.24%,73.35%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 58.80%3 (48.85%,68.75%) 0.494* (0.035,0.953) 57.00%3 (46.63%,67.38%) No Fatality 45.16%1,2 (41.98%,48.34%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 45.24%1,2 (42.07%,48.41%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.0005) 

Fire Chief 45.68%3,4 (41.89%,49.48%) 0.477* (0.135,0.818) 46.45%3,4 (42.68%,50.22%) 

Safety Officer 58.51%4 (41.44%,75.58%) 0.701 (-0.100,1.503) 51.91% (33.38%,70.44%) 

Training Officer 66.90%1,4 (55.21%,78.59%) 1.222* (0.618,1.827) 64.22%1,4 (52.19%,76.25%) 

Other/Missing 35.97%1,2,3 (29.46%,42.49%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 35.29%1,3 (28.68%,41.90%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 35 of 84 
Model 36: Q11. In what ways has your department used NIOSH recommendations: Developed new SOPs/SOGs 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 29.85% (26.98%,32.71%) -0.979* (-1.493,-0.464) 29.85% (26.98%,32.71%) 

Region (0.1999) 

Northeast 33.10% (26.81%,39.39%) -0.210 (-0.707,0.287) 31.99% (25.54%,38.45%) South 27.24%4 (22.33%,32.16%) -0.421 (-0.875,0.034) 27.72% (22.74%,32.69%) 

Midwest 26.69%4 (22.01%,31.37%) -0.429 (-0.884,0.026) 27.56% (22.85%,32.26%) West 38.15%2,3 (29.57%,46.74%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 36.59% (27.96%,45.22%) 

Department Type (0.6043) 

All Career 40.76%3 (33.98%,47.54%) -0.150 (-0.613,0.313) 28.84% (20.25%,37.42%) 

All Volunteer 32.65% (27.41%,37.88%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 31.89% (26.64%,37.15%) Combination 27.33%1 (23.67%,30.99%) -0.151 (-0.475,0.172) 28.80% (25.00%,32.60%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.1795) 

Urban 40.85%2 (34.79%,46.90%) 0.266 (-0.122,0.653) 34.30% (26.91%,41.68%) 

Rural/Missing 27.37%1 (24.14%,30.60%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 28.73% (25.43%,32.03%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0150) 

50,000+ 47.99%2,3 (41.05%,54.92%) 0.692* (0.155,1.229) 41.38%3 (30.28%,52.49%) 

5,000-50,000 36.93%1,3 (32.24%,41.62%) 0.422* (0.098,0.745) 35.14%3 (30.07%,40.21%) 0 – 5,000 25.26%1,2 (21.51%,29.01%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 26.35%1,2 (22.37%,30.34%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.0013) 

Fatality with Investigation 51.70%3 (42.82%,60.58%) 0.697* (0.304,1.090) 45.21%3 (36.05%,54.37%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 39.03% (29.04%,49.02%) 0.332 (-0.118,0.782) 36.73% (27.11%,46.35%) No Fatality 29.57%1 (26.65%,32.48%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 29.64%1 (26.73%,32.55%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.1230) 

Fire Chief 29.78% (26.32%,33.25%) 0.341 (-0.013,0.696) 30.66%4 (27.17%,34.15%) 

Safety Officer 43.54%4 (26.26%,60.81%) 0.606 (-0.251,1.462) 36.37% (17.95%,54.79%) 

Training Officer 39.45%4 (27.48%,51.43%) 0.581 (-0.011,1.172) 35.81% (24.30%,47.31%) Other/Missing 24.92%2,3 (19.30%,30.53%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 24.09%1 (18.61%,29.57%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 36 of 84 
Model 37: Q11. In what ways has your department used NIOSH recommendations: Made changes to SOPs/SOG

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 39.55% (36.52%,42.58%) -1.116* (-1.621,-0.611) 39.55% (36.52%,42.58%) 

Region (0.3696) 

Northeast 45.08%2 (38.49%,51.66%) 0.043 (-0.433,0.519) 43.44% (36.83%,50.04%) 

South 35.48%1 (30.13%,40.82%) -0.263 (-0.709,0.182) 36.51% (31.11%,41.91%) 

Midwest 37.67% (32.46%,42.89%) -0.170 (-0.612,0.271) 38.56% (33.45%,43.67%) 

West 44.31% (35.65%,52.97%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 42.43% (33.76%,51.11%) 

Department Type (0.7800) 

All Career 54.84%2,3 (47.91%,61.77%) -0.044 (-0.510,0.422) 37.34% (27.73%,46.95%) 

All Volunteer 38.98%1 (33.72%,44.24%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 38.32% (33.06%,43.57%) Combination 38.48%1 (34.50%,42.47%) 0.094 (-0.208,0.397) 40.42% (36.41%,44.43%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.7038) 

Urban 51.84%2 (45.75%,57.94%) 0.071 (-0.296,0.438) 40.85% (33.49%,48.22%) 

Rural/Missing 36.78%1 (33.34%,40.23%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 39.24% (35.80%,42.69%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0000) 

50,000+ 68.09%2,3 (61.68%,74.51%) 1.423* (0.897,1.950) 66.43%2,3 (56.31%,76.56%) 

5,000-50,000 49.98%1,3 (45.10%,54.86%) 0.706* (0.405,1.008) 49.59%1,3 (44.32%,54.86%) 0 – 5,000 32.70%1,2 (28.72%,36.68%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 33.07%1,2 (28.97%,37.18%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.0001) 

Fatality with Investigation 68.29%2,3 (59.98%,76.61%) 0.889* (0.460,1.319) 59.95%3 (50.43%,69.47%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 53.57%1,3 (43.28%,63.87%) 0.455* (0.001,0.908) 49.82% (39.54%,60.09%) No Fatality 39.16%1,2 (36.08%,42.24%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 39.28%1 (36.21%,42.36%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.0006) 

Fire Chief 39.94%2,4 (36.24%,43.64%) 0.498* (0.151,0.844) 40.71%2,4 (37.04%,44.38%) 

Safety Officer 68.52%1,4 (52.15%,84.88%) 1.422* (0.613,2.232) 62.47%1,4 (45.13%,79.82%) Training Officer 49.99%4 (37.94%,62.05%) 0.773* (0.191,1.355) 47.17%4 (35.04%,59.30%) Other/Missing 30.58%1,2,3 (24.57%,36.59%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 29.90%1,2,3 (23.85%,35.96%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 37 of 84 
Model 38: Q11. In what ways has your department used NIOSH recommendations: Justified current budget/sta

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 5.70% (4.37%,7.03%) -3.041* (-3.929,-2.153) 5.70% (4.37%,7.03%) 

Region (0.3324) 

Northeast 6.33% (3.37%,9.29%) -0.138 (-0.973,0.698) 6.01% (3.15%,8.86%) 

South 3.81% (1.81%,5.81%) -0.605 (-1.454,0.243) 3.90% (1.85%,5.94%) 

Midwest 6.48% (3.93%,9.04%) 0.025 (-0.753,0.804) 6.96% (4.20%,9.72%) West 7.62% (3.68%,11.56%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 6.80% (2.98%,10.63%) 

Department Type (0.1324) 

All Career 15.79%2,3 (10.73%,20.85%) 0.137 (-0.564,0.837) 8.08% (3.61%,12.55%) 

All Volunteer 7.14%1,3 (4.60%,9.67%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 7.15% (4.56%,9.74%) 

Combination 4.00%1,2 (2.39%,5.61%) -0.525 (-1.108,0.059) 4.41% (2.68%,6.14%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.0126) 

Urban 12.93%2 (9.03%,16.84%) 0.840* (0.181,1.499) 9.61%2 (5.10%,14.12%) 

Rural/Missing 4.07%1 (2.70%,5.44%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 4.45%1 (2.98%,5.92%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.5948) 

50,000+ 16.47%2,3 (11.67%,21.28%) 0.448 (-0.489,1.385) 7.36% (2.76%,11.97%) 

5,000-50,000 8.25%1,3 (5.74%,10.75%) 0.299 (-0.325,0.922) 6.44% (4.30%,8.57%) 0 – 5,000 3.83%1,2 (2.22%,5.44%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 4.89% (2.77%,7.01%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.0879) 

Fatality with Investigation 15.78%3 (9.43%,22.13%) 0.606* (0.016,1.197) 9.61% (4.81%,14.41%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 9.48% (3.57%,15.38%) 0.450 (-0.324,1.223) 8.39% (3.02%,13.76%) No Fatality 5.57%1 (4.22%,6.93%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 5.61% (4.26%,6.97%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.6781) 

Fire Chief 5.42% (3.84%,7.00%) 0.340 (-0.350,1.030) 5.90% (4.26%,7.53%) Safety Officer 11.04% (0.00%,22.38%) 0.535 (-0.976,2.046) 7.03% (0.00%,15.99%) 

Training Officer 9.17% (3.33%,15.00%) 0.539 (-0.419,1.498) 7.05% (2.29%,11.82%) 

Other/Missing 4.73% (2.09%,7.38%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 4.31% (1.84%,6.78%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 38 of 84 
Model 39: Q11. In what ways has your department used NIOSH recommendations: Made new budget/staffing r

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 6.21% (4.84%,7.59%) -3.169* (-3.959,-2.379) 6.21% (4.84%,7.59%) 

Region (0.1932) 

Northeast 6.54% (3.46%,9.62%) -0.600 (-1.424,0.224) 5.74% (2.98%,8.50%) 

South 6.23% (3.76%,8.70%) -0.449 (-1.189,0.292) 6.58% (4.01%,9.15%) 

Midwest 4.22%4 (2.34%,6.09%) -0.843* (-1.616,-0.069) 4.59% (2.57%,6.61%) 

West 10.35%3 (5.54%,15.15%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 9.76% (4.70%,14.82%) 

Department Type (0.5824) 

All Career 15.81%2,3 (10.90%,20.72%) 0.339 (-0.327,1.004) 7.48% (3.67%,11.30%) 

All Volunteer 6.26%1 (3.96%,8.56%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 5.53% (3.47%,7.58%) 

Combination 5.32%1 (3.51%,7.14%) 0.171 (-0.398,0.740) 6.45% (4.28%,8.62%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.1968) 

Urban 12.62%2 (8.65%,16.59%) 0.435 (-0.226,1.095) 8.12% (4.36%,11.88%) 

Rural/Missing 4.77%1 (3.34%,6.20%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 5.49% (3.84%,7.14%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0219) 

50,000+ 16.77%2,3 (11.91%,21.63%) 0.762 (-0.168,1.692) 8.22% (3.02%,13.42%) 

5,000-50,000 10.19%1,3 (7.32%,13.07%) 0.904* (0.258,1.551) 9.32%3 (6.27%,12.38%) 

0 – 5,000 3.62%1,2 (2.08%,5.15%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 4.07%2 (2.24%,5.90%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.0005) 

Fatality with Investigation 20.83%3 (13.93%,27.72%) 1.002* (0.478,1.527) 14.30%3 (8.47%,20.13%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 11.93% (5.20%,18.67%) 0.565 (-0.192,1.322) 9.97% (3.89%,16.04%) No Fatality 6.03%1 (4.63%,7.43%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 6.07%1 (4.67%,7.47%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.1663) 

Fire Chief 5.44% (3.87%,7.00%) 0.220 (-0.408,0.849) 5.87% (4.20%,7.54%) 

Safety Officer 19.82% (5.41%,34.22%) 1.189* (0.004,2.374) 13.64% (1.24%,26.04%) 

Training Officer 11.38% (4.32%,18.45%) 0.707 (-0.190,1.604) 9.07% (3.06%,15.08%) 

Other/Missing 5.23% (2.68%,7.78%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 4.79% (2.40%,7.18%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 39 of 84 
Model 40: Q11. In what ways has your department used NIOSH recommendations: Justified grant applications 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 17.61% (15.24%,19.98%) -2.131* (-2.811,-1.451) 17.61% (15.24%,19.98%) 

Region (0.2731) 

Northeast 22.33%3 (16.90%,27.76%) 0.213 (-0.366,0.791) 21.49% (16.20%,26.78%) 

South 16.10% (12.06%,20.14%) -0.110 (-0.679,0.458) 16.61% (12.50%,20.72%) 

Midwest 15.43%1 (11.65%,19.22%) -0.210 (-0.778,0.359) 15.30% (11.57%,19.02%) 

West 17.80% (10.84%,24.77%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 18.17% (11.03%,25.31%) 

Department Type (0.3130) 

All Career 24.29%2 (18.38%,30.20%) 0.251 (-0.287,0.789) 18.51% (11.23%,25.79%) 

All Volunteer 15.17%1 (11.25%,19.08%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 15.08% (11.22%,18.93%) 

Combination 18.34% (15.16%,21.52%) 0.279 (-0.101,0.658) 18.93% (15.68%,22.18%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.9823) 

Urban 21.99% (16.77%,27.21%) -0.005 (-0.464,0.454) 17.55% (11.90%,23.20%) Rural/Missing 16.62% (13.97%,19.27%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 17.62% (14.89%,20.36%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0090) 

50,000+ 28.04%3 (21.94%,34.14%) 0.953* (0.333,1.573) 31.13%3 (20.09%,42.16%) 

5,000-50,000 21.49%3 (17.45%,25.54%) 0.444* (0.057,0.831) 21.48%3 (17.05%,25.92%) 0 – 5,000 15.07%1,2 (12.02%,18.12%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 14.99%1,2 (11.84%,18.14%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.0479) 

Fatality with Investigation 31.06%3 (22.83%,39.29%) 0.532* (0.090,0.974) 26.28%3 (18.13%,34.43%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 22.97% (14.07%,31.88%) 0.273 (-0.292,0.837) 21.67% (12.65%,30.70%) No Fatality 17.44%1 (15.03%,19.85%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 17.48%1 (15.08%,19.89%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.1915) 

Fire Chief 18.31% (15.40%,21.22%) 0.301 (-0.141,0.743) 18.59%2 (15.67%,21.51%) 

Safety Officer 12.25% (4.18%,20.32%) -0.443 (-1.308,0.423) 9.89%1 (2.78%,17.00%) 

Training Officer 21.61% (11.73%,31.49%) 0.432 (-0.272,1.135) 20.61% (10.96%,30.26%) Other/Missing 14.64% (9.93%,19.35%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 14.52% (9.74%,19.30%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 40 of 84 
Model 41: Q11. In what ways has your department used NIOSH recommendations: Does not apply. We have no

recommendations. 

Characteristica 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 34.05% (31.02%,37.08%) 0.117 (-0.418,0.652) 34.05% (31.02%,37.08%) Region (0.3510) 

Northeast 28.09%2,3 (21.97%,34.22%) -0.067 (-0.592,0.457) 29.79% (23.47%,36.11%) 

South 37.96%1 (32.31%,43.62%) 0.245 (-0.237,0.726) 36.31% (30.82%,41.79%) 

Midwest 36.24%1 (30.92%,41.57%) 0.227 (-0.256,0.709) 35.91% (30.73%,41.10%) West 29.73% (21.35%,38.11%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 31.14% (22.68%,39.59%) 

Department Type (0.2334) 

All Career 19.29%2,3 (14.00%,24.58%) -0.188 (-0.686,0.309) 33.87% (23.64%,44.11%) 

All Volunteer 37.38%1 (31.84%,42.92%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 37.94% (32.26%,43.63%) Combination 33.55%1 (29.66%,37.44%) -0.277 (-0.605,0.051) 32.03% (28.20%,35.86%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.1192) 

Urban 21.15%2 (15.89%,26.40%) -0.362 (-0.817,0.093) 27.79% (19.78%,35.81%) 

Rural/Missing 36.95%1 (33.43%,40.46%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 35.19% (31.81%,38.58%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0001) 

50,000+ 13.50%2,3 (9.22%,17.78%) -1.176* (-1.743,-0.608) 16.54%2,3 (9.70%,23.38%) 

5,000-50,000 25.71%1,3 (21.40%,30.02%) -0.526* (-0.863,-0.190) 27.12%1,3 (22.26%,31.99%) 0 – 5,000 39.40%1,2 (35.22%,43.59%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 38.18%1,2 (33.89%,42.47%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.0000) 

Fatality with Investigation 10.28%3 (4.86%,15.70%) -1.207* (-1.823,-0.591) 14.15%3 (6.99%,21.31%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 17.88%3 (10.44%,25.32%) -0.835* (-1.395,-0.275) 19.10%3 (11.05%,27.16%) No Fatality 34.42%1,2 (31.33%,37.51%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 34.33%1,2 (31.26%,37.41%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.0002) 

Fire Chief 33.44%3,4 (29.77%,37.10%) -0.525* (-0.873,-0.178) 32.94%3,4 (29.32%,36.56%) 

Safety Officer 20.65%4 (5.74%,35.56%) -0.918 (-1.882,0.046) 25.15%4 (8.19%,42.10%) 

Training Officer 14.41%1,4 (6.21%,22.62%) -1.524* (-2.266,-0.782) 15.69%1,4 (6.78%,24.59%) 

Other/Missing 44.57%1,2,3 (37.57%,51.57%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 44.85%1,2,3 (37.85%,51.85%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 41 of 84 
Model 42: Q11b. Topics of NIOSH recommendations used for training purposes: Traffic hazards 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 50.40% (46.56%,54.25%) 0.187 (-0.413,0.788) 50.40% (46.56%,54.25%) Region (0.2437) 

Northeast 47.03% (39.21%,54.85%) -0.333 (-0.881,0.215) 47.43% (39.39%,55.48%) 

South 54.81% (47.81%,61.82%) -0.038 (-0.550,0.474) 54.72% (47.62%,61.82%) 

Midwest 45.90% (39.25%,52.55%) -0.384 (-0.897,0.128) 46.16% (39.48%,52.85%) 

West 56.76% (46.55%,66.98%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 55.64% (45.17%,66.10%) 

Department Type (0.6157) 

All Career 42.70% (34.94%,50.45%) -0.253 (-0.758,0.251) 45.39% (33.68%,57.10%) 

All Volunteer 52.13% (45.23%,59.02%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 51.60% (44.22%,58.98%) Combination 50.32% (45.26%,55.37%) -0.053 (-0.440,0.334) 50.30% (45.10%,55.50%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.2639) 

Urban 44.24% (37.34%,51.13%) -0.243 (-0.670,0.184) 45.73% (36.74%,54.71%) Rural/Missing 52.14% (47.62%,56.65%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 51.70% (47.20%,56.21%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.8620) 

50,000+ 49.40% (41.85%,56.94%) -0.019 (-0.618,0.580) 50.79% (38.43%,63.15%) 

5,000-50,000 47.67% (42.04%,53.30%) -0.091 (-0.462,0.280) 49.03% (42.88%,55.18%) 0 – 5,000 52.26% (46.77%,57.74%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 51.26% (45.42%,57.11%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.0936) 

Fatality with Investigation 57.42% (48.15%,66.68%) 0.380 (-0.040,0.799) 59.39% (49.73%,69.05%) Fatality - No Investigation 58.44% (47.19%,69.69%) 0.361 (-0.133,0.856) 58.95% (47.77%,70.14%) 

No Fatality 50.21% (46.27%,54.15%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 50.18% (46.26%,54.10%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.3605) 

Fire Chief 50.42% (45.78%,55.06%) 0.168 (-0.249,0.586) 50.38% (45.76%,54.99%) 

Safety Officer 66.37%4 (48.37%,84.37%) 0.850 (-0.106,1.805) 66.54% (46.57%,86.51%) 

Training Officer 51.98% (38.79%,65.17%) 0.235 (-0.403,0.872) 52.01% (38.83%,65.19%) Other/Missing 46.10%2 (37.21%,54.98%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 46.23% (37.19%,55.28%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 42 of 84 
Model 43: Q11b. Topics of NIOSH recommendations used for training purposes: Personal protective equipment 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 71.53% (68.09%,74.97%) 0.891* (0.234,1.547) 71.53% (68.09%,74.97%) 

Region (0.4310) 

Northeast 75.29% (68.56%,82.03%) 0.454 (-0.141,1.049) 75.78% (68.97%,82.59%) South 69.60% (63.14%,76.07%) 0.125 (-0.423,0.673) 69.26% (62.66%,75.86%) 

Midwest 72.13% (66.23%,78.03%) 0.272 (-0.278,0.822) 72.28% (66.39%,78.18%) 

West 67.25% (57.49%,77.02%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 66.54% (56.41%,76.68%) 

Department Type (0.5698) 

All Career 68.79% (61.83%,75.75%) -0.258 (-0.789,0.272) 68.47% (57.81%,79.14%) 

All Volunteer 72.98% (66.96%,78.99%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 73.74% (67.40%,80.07%) 

Combination 71.06% (66.47%,75.64%) -0.155 (-0.580,0.271) 70.66% (65.86%,75.45%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.8519) 

Urban 71.60% (65.36%,77.84%) -0.046 (-0.533,0.441) 70.79% (62.22%,79.36%) Rural/Missing 71.51% (67.47%,75.56%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 71.73% (67.69%,75.78%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.6469) 

50,000+ 72.47% (65.69%,79.26%) 0.255 (-0.395,0.905) 76.20% (66.39%,86.01%) 

5,000-50,000 71.66% (66.66%,76.67%) 0.002 (-0.418,0.421) 71.33% (65.65%,77.02%) 0 – 5,000 71.38% (66.45%,76.31%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 71.30% (65.95%,76.64%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.3798) 

Fatality with Investigation 68.79% (60.07%,77.50%) -0.139 (-0.587,0.308) 68.77% (59.53%,78.01%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 65.03% (54.12%,75.94%) -0.344 (-0.860,0.172) 64.24% (53.12%,75.36%) 

No Fatality 71.65% (68.13%,75.18%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 71.66% (68.15%,75.17%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.8817) 

Fire Chief 71.42% (67.25%,75.60%) -0.095 (-0.552,0.362) 71.33% (67.16%,75.51%) 

Safety Officer 65.45% (47.55%,83.35%) -0.357 (-1.245,0.532) 65.73% (47.25%,84.21%) Training Officer 71.70% (59.86%,83.55%) -0.048 (-0.742,0.646) 72.27% (60.58%,83.96%) Other/Missing 73.19% (65.56%,80.81%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 73.22% (65.38%,81.06%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 43 of 84 
Model 44: Q11b. Topics of NIOSH recommendations used for training purposes: SCBA 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 68.88% (65.29%,72.47%) 0.707* (0.059,1.355) 68.88% (65.29%,72.47%) 

Region (0.2706) 

Northeast 72.00% (64.98%,79.03%) 0.120 (-0.480,0.720) 71.65% (64.40%,78.91%) South 63.50% (56.61%,70.39%) -0.257 (-0.813,0.298) 63.51% (56.57%,70.46%) 

Midwest 71.34% (65.31%,77.38%) 0.140 (-0.424,0.703) 72.04% (66.05%,78.04%) 

West 70.19% (60.82%,79.57%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 69.18% (59.27%,79.09%) 

Department Type (0.2981) 

All Career 68.56% (61.18%,75.95%) -0.442 (-1.003,0.120) 60.31% (47.91%,72.71%) All Volunteer 70.63% (64.24%,77.01%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 70.09% (63.20%,76.98%) Combination 67.98% (63.24%,72.72%) -0.050 (-0.475,0.375) 69.05% (64.29%,73.82%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.5537) 

Urban 74.07% (68.18%,79.97%) 0.145 (-0.334,0.623) 71.26% (62.89%,79.63%) 

Rural/Missing 67.42% (63.13%,71.70%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 68.26% (64.04%,72.48%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.1538) 

50,000+ 74.30%3 (68.07%,80.54%) 0.583 (-0.058,1.224) 77.31% (67.91%,86.71%) 

5,000-50,000 73.27%3 (68.35%,78.20%) 0.342 (-0.071,0.756) 72.86% (67.28%,78.44%) 0 – 5,000 65.62%1,2 (60.36%,70.88%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 65.68% (60.05%,71.31%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.3627) 

Fatality with Investigation 65.18% (56.22%,74.14%) -0.235 (-0.676,0.205) 63.87% (54.21%,73.53%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 63.80% (52.81%,74.80%) -0.279 (-0.791,0.232) 62.86% (51.77%,73.95%) 

No Fatality 68.99% (65.32%,72.66%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 69.02% (65.36%,72.67%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.7995) 

Fire Chief 68.04% (63.66%,72.42%) -0.039 (-0.496,0.417) 68.23% (63.89%,72.56%) 

Safety Officer 68.82% (52.04%,85.60%) -0.076 (-0.989,0.838) 67.45% (49.10%,85.80%) Training Officer 74.77% (63.72%,85.83%) 0.272 (-0.424,0.967) 74.47% (63.49%,85.45%) Other/Missing 69.35% (61.19%,77.52%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 69.06% (60.55%,77.57%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 44 of 84 
Model 45: Q11b. Topics of NIOSH recommendations used for training purposes: PASS systems 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 56.11% (52.31%,59.91%) 0.210 (-0.402,0.821) 56.11% (52.31%,59.91%) Region (0.4441) 

Northeast 60.95% (53.33%,68.58%) 0.302 (-0.254,0.857) 60.47% (52.62%,68.31%) South 52.32% (45.27%,59.37%) -0.038 (-0.554,0.479) 52.25% (45.16%,59.33%) 

Midwest 56.61% (50.04%,63.19%) 0.185 (-0.336,0.707) 57.69% (51.17%,64.21%) 

West 54.52% (44.27%,64.77%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 53.17% (42.46%,63.89%) 

Department Type (0.0438) 

All Career 49.95%2 (42.25%,57.65%) -0.618* (-1.116,-0.120) 45.66%2 (34.22%,57.10%) 

All Volunteer 60.71%1 (54.01%,67.42%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 60.72%1 (53.56%,67.89%) 

Combination 54.33% (49.30%,59.36%) -0.247 (-0.637,0.143) 54.78% (49.61%,59.95%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.2429) 

Urban 61.64% (55.11%,68.17%) 0.259 (-0.176,0.694) 60.99% (52.20%,69.79%) 

Rural/Missing 54.55% (50.05%,59.06%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 54.77% (50.28%,59.25%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.4849) 

50,000+ 52.20% (44.82%,59.59%) -0.082 (-0.660,0.497) 52.81% (40.94%,64.69%) 

5,000-50,000 60.15% (54.72%,65.59%) 0.153 (-0.224,0.529) 58.51% (52.37%,64.64%) 0 – 5,000 53.75% (48.26%,59.23%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 54.81% (49.01%,60.62%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.4761) 

Fatality with Investigation 53.03% (43.70%,62.36%) -0.068 (-0.482,0.347) 54.58% (44.78%,64.39%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 50.26% (38.77%,61.75%) -0.298 (-0.784,0.188) 48.94% (37.62%,60.26%) 

No Fatality 56.23% (52.34%,60.12%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 56.23% (52.36%,60.11%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.7152) 

Fire Chief 55.69% (51.09%,60.30%) -0.012 (-0.444,0.421) 55.74% (51.17%,60.31%) 

Safety Officer 65.94% (49.31%,82.58%) 0.447 (-0.384,1.279) 66.43% (49.49%,83.37%) 

Training Officer 54.98% (42.05%,67.90%) -0.046 (-0.686,0.595) 54.91% (42.00%,67.82%) Other/Missing 56.27% (47.45%,65.10%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 56.02% (46.72%,65.32%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 45 of 84 
Model 46: Q11b. Topics of NIOSH recommendations used for training purposes: Incident Command systems 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 55.19% (51.36%,59.03%) -0.121 (-0.725,0.483) 55.19% (51.36%,59.03%) 

Region (0.8340) 

Northeast 55.24% (47.47%,63.01%) 0.046 (-0.504,0.597) 54.19% (46.18%,62.19%) South 57.25% (50.25%,64.26%) 0.197 (-0.322,0.715) 57.86% (50.81%,64.91%) 

Midwest 53.60% (46.92%,60.27%) 0.043 (-0.475,0.561) 54.12% (47.46%,60.78%) 

West 53.66% (43.28%,64.04%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 53.05% (42.31%,63.79%) 

Department Type (0.2286) 

All Career 52.45% (44.59%,60.31%) -0.444 (-0.950,0.063) 46.16% (34.47%,57.85%) 

All Volunteer 57.53% (50.70%,64.36%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 57.09% (49.76%,64.41%) Combination 54.24% (49.18%,59.30%) -0.079 (-0.468,0.309) 55.15% (49.95%,60.34%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.1132) 

Urban 60.62% (53.83%,67.41%) 0.355 (-0.084,0.795) 61.90% (53.03%,70.76%) 

Rural/Missing 53.66% (49.14%,58.19%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 53.30% (48.79%,57.81%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.9174) 

50,000+ 56.39% (48.81%,63.98%) 0.116 (-0.476,0.708) 57.30% (45.21%,69.40%) 

5,000-50,000 57.61% (52.05%,63.16%) 0.066 (-0.307,0.439) 56.09% (49.93%,62.25%) 0 – 5,000 53.53% (48.03%,59.03%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 54.47% (48.62%,60.32%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.3139) 

Fatality with Investigation 53.09% (43.74%,62.44%) -0.116 (-0.529,0.298) 52.26% (42.36%,62.16%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 63.69% (52.64%,74.73%) 0.355 (-0.156,0.866) 63.56% (52.38%,74.75%) No Fatality 55.09% (51.17%,59.02%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 55.10% (51.19%,59.01%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.6459) 

Fire Chief 55.62% (50.99%,60.24%) 0.244 (-0.174,0.662) 56.03% (51.42%,60.63%) 

Safety Officer 60.00% (41.66%,78.34%) 0.347 (-0.523,1.217) 58.52% (38.86%,78.19%) 

Training Officer 57.61% (44.57%,70.66%) 0.295 (-0.344,0.933) 57.25% (44.16%,70.35%) 

Other/Missing 51.20% (42.32%,60.08%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 50.00% (40.88%,59.11%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 46 of 84 
Model 47: Q11b. Topics of NIOSH recommendations used for training purposes: Radio communications 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 39.63% (35.87%,43.40%) -0.067 (-0.690,0.556) 39.63% (35.87%,43.40%) 

Region (0.4457) 

Northeast 36.63% (29.13%,44.13%) -0.457 (-1.012,0.098) 35.86% (28.30%,43.42%) 

South 40.38% (33.45%,47.32%) -0.260 (-0.779,0.260) 40.48% (33.50%,47.47%) 

Midwest 38.34% (31.83%,44.85%) -0.322 (-0.847,0.202) 38.99% (32.40%,45.57%) 

West 46.94% (36.50%,57.37%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 46.81% (36.03%,57.58%) 

Department Type (0.0751) 

All Career 35.50% (28.56%,42.44%) -0.559* (-1.047,-0.071) 28.68%2,3 (19.40%,37.96%) 

All Volunteer 42.78% (35.94%,49.62%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 41.12%1 (33.94%,48.31%) 

Combination 38.41% (33.48%,43.33%) -0.042 (-0.433,0.348) 40.12%1 (34.96%,45.28%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.2325) 

Urban 43.72% (36.85%,50.60%) 0.262 (-0.168,0.691) 44.55% (35.51%,53.59%) 

Rural/Missing 38.48% (34.07%,42.90%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 38.27% (33.91%,42.63%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.7489) 

50,000+ 44.15% (36.58%,51.72%) 0.219 (-0.360,0.798) 43.70% (31.87%,55.53%) 

5,000-50,000 41.82% (36.28%,47.36%) 0.107 (-0.269,0.483) 40.99% (34.95%,47.03%) 0 – 5,000 37.89% (32.53%,43.25%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 38.46% (32.75%,44.17%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.1233) 

Fatality with Investigation 46.41% (37.07%,55.75%) 0.276 (-0.138,0.691) 46.09% (36.21%,55.97%) Fatality - No Investigation 49.64% (38.16%,61.11%) 0.429 (-0.065,0.923) 49.86% (38.27%,61.44%) 

No Fatality 39.42% (35.56%,43.27%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 39.42% (35.58%,43.26%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.9099) 

Fire Chief 38.73% (34.21%,43.26%) -0.132 (-0.561,0.297) 39.21% (34.69%,43.73%) 

Safety Officer 43.27% (25.13%,61.42%) -0.070 (-0.919,0.778) 40.68% (21.79%,59.58%) Training Officer 38.30% (25.41%,51.18%) -0.219 (-0.878,0.441) 37.19% (24.34%,50.03%) Other/Missing 43.21% (34.36%,52.07%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 42.37% (33.21%,51.53%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 47 of 84 
Model 48: Q11b. Topics of NIOSH recommendations used for training purposes: Physical fitness and cardiovas

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 14.65% (12.11%,17.20%) -2.314* (-3.081,-1.546) 14.65% (12.11%,17.20%) 

Region (0.3386) 

Northeast 12.02% (7.12%,16.92%) -0.687 (-1.421,0.047) 11.34% (6.56%,16.13%) 

South 14.96% (10.41%,19.51%) -0.331 (-0.959,0.297) 15.26% (10.66%,19.85%) 

Midwest 14.53% (9.95%,19.12%) -0.360 (-1.016,0.297) 14.90% (10.29%,19.52%) 

West 19.55% (11.91%,27.20%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 19.79% (11.83%,27.74%) 

Department Type (0.1926) 

All Career 30.77%2,3 (23.51%,38.02%) 0.551 (-0.051,1.152) 19.72% (11.53%,27.91%) 

All Volunteer 14.32%1 (9.97%,18.68%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 12.67% (8.65%,16.68%) Combination 13.08%1 (9.71%,16.45%) 0.212 (-0.289,0.713) 15.10% (11.35%,18.85%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.4965) 

Urban 22.09%2 (16.68%,27.49%) 0.181 (-0.341,0.704) 16.26% (10.74%,21.78%) 

Rural/Missing 12.56%1 (9.68%,15.44%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 14.03% (10.93%,17.13%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0037) 

50,000+ 32.22%2,3 (25.28%,39.17%) 1.056* (0.313,1.800) 24.02%3 (13.34%,34.71%) 

5,000-50,000 20.20%1,3 (15.72%,24.69%) 0.837* (0.324,1.350) 20.32%3 (15.40%,25.24%) 0 – 5,000 9.78%1,2 (6.59%,12.96%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 10.07%1,2 (6.72%,13.41%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.0104) 

Fatality with Investigation 33.13%3 (24.78%,41.48%) 0.653* (0.215,1.090) 23.88%3 (16.69%,31.06%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 20.83% (11.25%,30.42%) 0.406 (-0.297,1.109) 19.91% (9.78%,30.04%) 

No Fatality 14.36%1 (11.76%,16.97%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 14.45%1 (11.85%,17.05%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.1062) 

Fire Chief 14.71% (11.51%,17.91%) 0.353 (-0.189,0.894) 15.83%3 (12.55%,19.11%) 

Safety Officer 28.14%3 (13.36%,42.92%) 0.740 (-0.118,1.599) 21.36% (9.15%,33.58%) 

Training Officer 10.31%2 (4.07%,16.55%) -0.321 (-1.135,0.492) 8.96%1 (3.48%,14.44%) 

Other/Missing 13.69% (8.44%,18.93%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 11.83% (7.09%,16.57%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 48 of 84 
Model 49: Q11b. Topics of NIOSH recommendations used for training purposes: Building code compliance 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 11.89% (9.44%,14.33%) -1.573* (-2.422,-0.725) 11.89% (9.44%,14.33%) 

Region (0.2901) 

Northeast 14.14% (8.68%,19.60%) 0.151 (-0.649,0.951) 15.37% (9.25%,21.49%) 

South 9.18% (5.30%,13.06%) -0.498 (-1.272,0.276) 8.74% (5.01%,12.46%) 

Midwest 11.77% (7.69%,15.84%) -0.156 (-0.901,0.588) 11.83% (7.70%,15.96%) West 14.33% (6.68%,21.97%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 13.53% (6.31%,20.76%) 

Department Type (0.0045) 

All Career 20.23%2,3 (14.16%,26.31%) 1.068* (0.306,1.830) 28.25%2,3 (15.20%,41.31%) 

All Volunteer 11.84%1 (7.35%,16.34%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 12.14%1 (7.27%,17.00%) 

Combination 11.01%1 (7.86%,14.15%) -0.166 (-0.749,0.417) 10.49%1 (7.48%,13.51%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.0407) 

Urban 10.37% (6.83%,13.92%) -0.704* (-1.379,-0.030) 7.38%2 (3.71%,11.05%) 

Rural/Missing 12.31% (9.34%,15.28%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 13.67%1 (10.44%,16.90%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.8623) 

50,000+ 15.39% (9.90%,20.88%) -0.162 (-1.084,0.759) 10.26% (3.34%,17.18%) 

5,000-50,000 11.78% (8.39%,15.16%) 0.040 (-0.521,0.600) 12.24% (8.34%,16.14%) 

0 – 5,000 11.71% (8.14%,15.28%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 11.82% (8.05%,15.60%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.3145) 

Fatality with Investigation 17.50% (10.62%,24.37%) 0.355 (-0.202,0.911) 16.04% (8.86%,23.22%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 9.45% (2.29%,16.62%) -0.356 (-1.276,0.564) 8.68% (1.74%,15.61%) 

No Fatality 11.86% (9.36%,14.36%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 11.89% (9.39%,14.38%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.7928) 

Fire Chief 11.32% (8.47%,14.18%) -0.191 (-0.813,0.430) 11.35% (8.54%,14.17%) 

Safety Officer 18.51% (2.68%,34.33%) 0.352 (-0.894,1.599) 17.93% (0.97%,34.89%) 

Training Officer 11.16% (2.16%,20.17%) -0.257 (-1.264,0.751) 10.72% (2.39%,19.05%) Other/Missing 13.13% (7.42%,18.84%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 13.39% (7.20%,19.58%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 49 of 84 
Model 50: Q11b. Topics of NIOSH recommendations used for training purposes: Other (Please specify:_____) 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 3.99% (2.49%,5.49%) -4.148* (-5.575,-2.721) 3.99% (2.49%,5.49%) 

Region (0.2693) 

Northeast 3.22% (0.61%,5.83%) -0.363 (-1.597,0.871) 2.71% (0.43%,4.99%) 

South 5.86% (2.30%,9.42%) 0.569 (-0.480,1.618) 6.49% (2.50%,10.47%) 

Midwest 2.65% (0.63%,4.67%) -0.305 (-1.475,0.866) 2.87% (0.62%,5.11%) 

West 4.02% (1.06%,6.98%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 3.83% (0.83%,6.83%) 

Department Type (0.6645) 

All Career 5.38% (1.79%,8.98%) -0.499 (-1.593,0.595) 2.66% (0.04%,5.29%) 

All Volunteer 4.75% (1.85%,7.65%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 4.26% (1.44%,7.09%) Combination 3.43% (1.55%,5.32%) -0.035 (-1.054,0.985) 4.13% (1.76%,6.50%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.0367) 

Urban 7.71%2 (3.82%,11.59%) 1.221* (0.076,2.367) 8.87% (1.52%,16.21%) 

Rural/Missing 2.95%1 (1.36%,4.53%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 2.83% (1.31%,4.36%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.9828) 

50,000+ 6.45% (2.62%,10.29%) -0.109 (-1.769,1.551) 3.62% (0.00%,7.75%) 5,000-50,000 5.03% (2.62%,7.45%) 0.002 (-1.082,1.086) 4.02% (1.82%,6.22%) 

0 – 5,000 3.13% (1.09%,5.17%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 4.01% (1.06%,6.97%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.5250) 

Fatality with Investigation 7.46% (2.65%,12.27%) 0.399 (-0.479,1.277) 5.77% (1.41%,10.12%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 2.79% (0.00%,6.25%) -0.412 (-1.759,0.934) 2.70% (0.00%,6.03%) 

No Fatality 3.97% (2.43%,5.51%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 3.99% (2.45%,5.52%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.4341) 

Fire Chief 3.77% (1.93%,5.61%) 0.612 (-0.365,1.590) 4.10% (2.12%,6.07%) 

Safety Officer 9.63% (0.00%,22.71%) 1.302 (-0.698,3.303) 7.71% (0.00%,20.27%) Training Officer 5.71% (0.67%,10.76%) 0.872 (-0.418,2.163) 5.22% (0.40%,10.04%) 

Other/Missing 2.82% (0.67%,4.96%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 2.28% (0.48%,4.09%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 50 of 84 
Model 51: Q11b. Topics of NIOSH recommendations used for training purposes: Does not apply. We have not u

for training purposes. 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 3.30% (1.94%,4.66%) -5.583* (-8.134,-3.032) 3.30% (1.94%,4.66%) 

Region (0.5496) 

Northeast 4.47% (1.32%,7.63%) 1.303 (-0.597,3.203) 4.16% (1.14%,7.19%) 

South 3.54% (1.01%,6.06%) 1.221 (-0.734,3.175) 3.85% (1.14%,6.57%) 

Midwest 2.99% (0.64%,5.34%) 0.889 (-1.041,2.818) 2.80% (0.62%,4.98%) 

West 1.06% (0.00%,2.87%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 1.18% (0.00%,3.22%) 

Department Type (0.5114) 

All Career 3.08% (0.54%,5.62%) 0.849 (-0.637,2.334) 5.27% (0.00%,10.93%) 

All Volunteer 2.06% (0.31%,3.80%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 2.35% (0.40%,4.31%) 

Combination 3.99% (1.99%,6.00%) 0.440 (-0.547,1.426) 3.59% (1.82%,5.35%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.7690) 

Urban 2.98% (0.67%,5.29%) 0.213 (-1.208,1.633) 3.90% (0.00%,8.39%) 

Rural/Missing 3.39% (1.78%,5.01%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 3.18% (1.61%,4.75%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.4633) 

50,000+ 1.45% (0.00%,2.94%) -1.194 (-3.091,0.704) 1.26% (0.00%,3.28%) 

5,000-50,000 2.57% (0.85%,4.29%) -0.482 (-1.622,0.657) 2.52% (0.55%,4.49%) 0 – 5,000 3.92% (1.86%,5.97%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 3.99% (1.67%,6.31%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.1774) 

Fatality with Investigation 2.80% (0.00%,6.08%) -0.094 (-1.395,1.207) 2.96% (0.00%,6.54%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 7.86% (1.97%,13.74%) 0.913 (-0.069,1.894) 7.58% (1.64%,13.51%) 

No Fatality 3.24% (1.85%,4.63%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 3.24% (1.86%,4.63%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.0111) 

Fire Chief 4.03%3 (2.27%,5.80%) 1.110 (-0.770,2.991) 3.91%3 (2.22%,5.60%) 

Safety Officer 5.75% (0.00%,15.84%) 1.695 (-0.969,4.359) 6.77% (0.00%,19.56%) 

Training Officer 0.37%1 (0.00%,0.89%) -1.188 (-3.465,1.089) 0.41%1 (0.00%,0.98%) 

Other/Missing 1.27% (0.00%,3.52%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 1.33% (0.00%,3.71%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 51 of 84 
Model 52: Q12. Does your department have a fitness training that involves physical exercise and/or other health 

required or Yes, optional 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 21.54% (19.53%,23.56%) -0.591* (-1.118,-0.064) 21.54% (19.53%,23.56%) 

Region (0.0000) 

Northeast 18.43%4 (13.68%,23.18%) -1.431* (-2.014,-0.848) 17.26%4 (12.74%,21.78%) 

South 21.18%4 (17.42%,24.94%) -1.081* (-1.556,-0.606) 21.42%4 (17.94%,24.91%) Midwest 16.42%4 (13.24%,19.60%) -1.364* (-1.852,-0.877) 18.00%4 (14.75%,21.26%) West 40.70%1,2,3 (33.15%,48.26%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 38.18%1,2,3 (31.17%,45.18%) 

Department Type (0.0000) 

All Career 72.40%2,3 (66.32%,78.48%) 0.569* (0.113,1.025) 36.65%2,3 (28.31%,44.98%) 

All Volunteer 30.12%1,3 (26.17%,34.06%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 26.88%1,3 (22.99%,30.78%) 

Combination 12.71%1,2 (10.32%,15.11%) -0.781* (-1.134,-0.429) 16.30%1,2 (13.52%,19.07%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.0000) 

Urban 53.28%2 (47.87%,58.69%) 0.904* (0.527,1.280) 32.00%2 (26.33%,37.68%) 

Rural/Missing 15.22%1 (13.06%,17.39%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 18.57%1 (16.19%,20.95%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0000) 

50,000+ 75.45%2,3 (69.83%,81.08%) 1.721* (1.193,2.248) 40.38%3 (30.64%,50.12%) 

5,000-50,000 41.79%1,3 (37.46%,46.12%) 1.478* (1.123,1.832) 35.42%3 (30.89%,39.95%) 0 – 5,000 10.35%1,2 (8.06%,12.64%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 13.09%1,2 (10.39%,15.80%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.6398) 

Fatality with Investigation 40.36%3 (32.16%,48.57%) -0.187 (-0.673,0.299) 19.28% (13.74%,24.83%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 28.52% (19.98%,37.07%) 0.148 (-0.419,0.714) 23.44% (16.23%,30.65%) No Fatality 21.34%1 (19.29%,23.38%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 21.54% (19.50%,23.58%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.3856) 

Fire Chief 18.46%2,4 (16.02%,20.90%) -0.159 (-0.534,0.215) 21.15% (18.68%,23.61%) 

Safety Officer 44.85%1,4 (28.97%,60.72%) 0.322 (-0.556,1.201) 27.70% (15.50%,39.91%) 

Training Officer 27.79% (18.45%,37.13%) -0.420 (-1.050,0.210) 18.07% (11.84%,24.31%) Other/Missing 27.03%1,2 (22.00%,32.07%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 23.19% (19.01%,27.37%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 52 of 84 
Model 53: Q13. How often do your firefighters receive screenings for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk f

year 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 17.44% (15.37%,19.50%) -1.735* (-2.268,-1.202) 17.44% (15.37%,19.50%) 

Region (0.0000) 

Northeast 30.87%2,3,4 (24.96%,36.78%) 0.782* (0.280,1.283) 30.43%2,3,4 (24.24%,36.63%) 

South 11.49%1,4 (8.69%,14.29%) -0.534* (-1.011,-0.057) 11.49%1,4 (8.78%,14.20%) Midwest 13.48%1 (10.32%,16.64%) -0.273 (-0.750,0.204) 14.19%1 (10.92%,17.47%) 

West 19.34%1,2 (13.87%,24.81%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 17.55%1,2 (12.46%,22.64%) 

Department Type (0.0000) 

All Career 51.21%2,3 (44.59%,57.83%) 1.043* (0.540,1.546) 36.78%2,3 (27.07%,46.50%) 

All Volunteer 17.80%1 (14.15%,21.45%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 18.40%1 (14.61%,22.19%) 

Combination 14.55%1 (11.91%,17.19%) -0.266 (-0.617,0.085) 14.99%1 (12.39%,17.59%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.3291) 

Urban 33.90%2 (28.59%,39.20%) 0.212 (-0.214,0.638) 19.60% (14.53%,24.66%) 

Rural/Missing 14.13%1 (11.89%,16.37%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 16.76% (14.29%,19.24%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0002) 

50,000+ 53.05%2,3 (46.21%,59.88%) 1.124* (0.547,1.702) 31.59%3 (21.47%,41.71%) 

5,000-50,000 25.81%1,3 (21.83%,29.78%) 0.613* (0.253,0.973) 22.40%3 (18.37%,26.43%) 0 – 5,000 12.30%1,2 (9.81%,14.79%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 14.03%1,2 (11.26%,16.80%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.9164) 

Fatality with Investigation 32.64%3 (24.69%,40.60%) 0.048 (-0.470,0.565) 18.03% (11.33%,24.73%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 24.39% (15.58%,33.19%) 0.126 (-0.509,0.760) 19.07% (10.66%,27.49%) No Fatality 17.26%1 (15.16%,19.35%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 17.41% (15.31%,19.51%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.1637) 

Fire Chief 16.34%2 (13.82%,18.87%) -0.052 (-0.445,0.341) 17.31% (14.79%,19.83%) 

Safety Officer 40.28%1,3,4 (24.37%,56.18%) 0.621 (-0.260,1.502) 27.56% (12.93%,42.19%) 

Training Officer 15.54%2 (9.07%,22.01%) -0.469 (-1.099,0.161) 12.57% (7.15%,17.99%) 

Other/Missing 18.87%2 (14.37%,23.38%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 17.99% (13.53%,22.45%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 53 of 84 
Model 54: Q15. How often do drivers of your fire department vehicles receive 'refresher' driver training to conti

vehicles? - One or more times a year 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 54.51% (51.57%,57.45%) 0.148 (-0.295,0.592) 54.51% (51.57%,57.45%) Region (0.5096) 

Northeast 52.66% (46.32%,59.00%) -0.074 (-0.497,0.349) 52.00% (45.47%,58.54%) South 57.83% (52.58%,63.08%) 0.161 (-0.229,0.551) 57.77% (52.51%,63.04%) 

Midwest 52.34% (47.35%,57.34%) -0.033 (-0.422,0.356) 53.03% (48.03%,58.03%) 

West 54.17% (46.10%,62.25%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 53.84% (45.74%,61.93%) 

Department Type (0.3795) 

All Career 53.85% (47.04%,60.66%) -0.303 (-0.729,0.124) 48.20% (38.20%,58.19%) All Volunteer 56.78% (51.46%,62.10%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 55.67% (50.20%,61.13%) 

Combination 53.32% (49.56%,57.08%) -0.052 (-0.333,0.229) 54.38% (50.55%,58.22%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.3075) 

Urban 59.08% (53.09%,65.06%) 0.191 (-0.176,0.558) 58.41% (50.46%,66.35%) 

Rural/Missing 53.60% (50.27%,56.92%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 53.74% (50.43%,57.04%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.2953) 

50,000+ 53.52% (46.80%,60.25%) -0.058 (-0.544,0.428) 51.83% (41.11%,62.56%) 5,000-50,000 58.45% (53.79%,63.12%) 0.176 (-0.109,0.460) 57.58% (52.39%,62.77%) 0 – 5,000 52.80% (48.97%,56.64%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 53.27% (49.27%,57.27%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.4198) 

Fatality with Investigation 58.07% (49.63%,66.51%) 0.131 (-0.237,0.499) 57.75% (49.05%,66.44%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 49.59% (39.70%,59.49%) -0.224 (-0.642,0.193) 49.00% (39.05%,58.95%) 

No Fatality 54.54% (51.55%,57.53%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 54.55% (51.57%,57.53%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.4883) 

Fire Chief 53.15% (49.62%,56.68%) -0.073 (-0.378,0.232) 53.42% (49.88%,56.96%) 

Safety Officer 58.35% (42.52%,74.18%) 0.131 (-0.593,0.856) 58.42% (41.86%,74.97%) 

Training Officer 63.33% (52.63%,74.02%) 0.302 (-0.234,0.837) 62.46% (51.48%,73.44%) 

Other/Missing 55.82% (49.43%,62.21%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 55.21% (48.67%,61.76%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 54 of 84 
Model 55: Q16. Does your fire department have a requirement regarding seat belt use in emergency vehicles? Y

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 84.24% (82.07%,86.42%) 2.088* (1.359,2.817) 84.24% (82.07%,86.42%) 

Region (0.0002) 

Northeast 85.57%3,4 (81.02%,90.11%) -0.637 (-1.344,0.070) 85.28%3 (80.58%,89.98%) 

South 87.26%3 (83.66%,90.87%) -0.468 (-1.140,0.204) 87.24%3 (83.62%,90.87%) Midwest 76.65%1,2,4 (72.31%,80.99%) -1.173* (-1.824,-0.523) 77.44%1,2,4 (73.20%,81.69%) 

West 92.00%1,3 (87.69%,96.31%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 91.56%3 (87.03%,96.09%) 

Department Type (0.4518) 

All Career 94.29%2,3 (90.89%,97.69%) 0.335 (-0.502,1.172) 89.15% (81.46%,96.84%) 

All Volunteer 86.90%1,3 (83.21%,90.58%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 85.59% (81.50%,89.68%) 

Combination 81.97%1,2 (79.08%,84.86%) -0.175 (-0.589,0.240) 83.39% (80.60%,86.19%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.7752) 

Urban 89.76%2 (85.73%,93.79%) -0.085 (-0.669,0.499) 83.26% (76.01%,90.51%) 

Rural/Missing 83.14%1 (80.66%,85.62%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 84.37% (82.05%,86.68%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0012) 

50,000+ 97.56%2,3 (94.90%,100.00%) 1.757* (0.414,3.100) 96.13%2,3 (91.30%,100.00%) 

5,000-50,000 90.15%1,3 (87.28%,93.02%) 0.716* (0.277,1.154) 89.88%1,3 (86.68%,93.08%) 

0 – 5,000 81.09%1,2 (78.12%,84.05%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 81.53%1,2 (78.48%,84.58%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.5567) 

Fatality with Investigation 92.14%3 (87.55%,96.72%) 0.355 (-0.322,1.032) 88.24% (81.61%,94.87%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 88.02% (81.33%,94.71%) 0.140 (-0.537,0.816) 85.91% (78.29%,93.54%) 

No Fatality 84.15%1 (81.94%,86.36%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 84.21% (82.01%,86.41%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.3376) 

Fire Chief 83.64%2 (81.02%,86.26%) 0.229 (-0.196,0.654) 84.48% (81.97%,86.98%) Safety Officer 95.82%1,4 (89.03%,100.00%) 1.273 (-0.523,3.068) 93.76%4 (83.63%,100.00%) 

Training Officer 90.09% (83.22%,96.97%) 0.525 (-0.312,1.361) 87.86% (79.99%,95.74%) 

Other/Missing 82.90%2 (77.81%,88.00%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 81.37%2 (75.96%,86.78%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 55 of 84 
Model 56: Q18. About how often do you think your firefighters use their seatbelts when riding in the emergency 

Always 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 54.93% (52.01%,57.85%) 1.161* (0.638,1.685) 54.93% (52.01%,57.85%) 

Region (0.0000) 

Northeast 48.63%2,4 (42.31%,54.96%) -1.363* (-1.864,-0.861) 48.86%2,4 (42.34%,55.38%) 

South 58.53%1,3,4 (53.28%,63.77%) -0.973* (-1.449,-0.497) 58.31%1,3,4 (53.07%,63.54%) Midwest 45.30%2,4 (40.40%,50.21%) -1.482* (-1.955,-1.009) 45.94%2,4 (41.04%,50.84%) West 79.13%1,2,3 (72.29%,85.97%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 78.44%1,2,3 (71.39%,85.50%) 

Department Type (0.0741) 

All Career 71.09%2,3 (65.29%,76.88%) 0.244 (-0.188,0.676) 63.72%3 (54.60%,72.84%) 

All Volunteer 60.41%1,3 (55.15%,65.67%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 58.22% (52.86%,63.58%) 

Combination 50.63%1,2 (46.88%,54.39%) -0.243 (-0.531,0.045) 52.56%1 (48.80%,56.33%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.3343) 

Urban 58.94% (53.18%,64.71%) -0.184 (-0.557,0.190) 51.35% (43.60%,59.11%) 

Rural/Missing 54.12% (50.81%,57.43%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 55.60% (52.36%,58.84%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0002) 

50,000+ 79.53%2,3 (74.52%,84.54%) 0.987* (0.499,1.474) 73.02%2,3 (64.65%,81.39%) 

5,000-50,000 60.61%1,3 (56.11%,65.11%) 0.430* (0.140,0.721) 61.39%1,3 (56.44%,66.33%) 0 – 5,000 51.39%1,2 (47.54%,55.23%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 51.41%1,2 (47.46%,55.35%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.6071) 

Fatality with Investigation 64.00%3 (55.85%,72.15%) 0.050 (-0.349,0.450) 56.13% (47.13%,65.13%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 52.05% (42.19%,61.91%) -0.214 (-0.658,0.229) 50.00% (40.04%,59.95%) No Fatality 54.89%1 (51.93%,57.86%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 54.97% (52.01%,57.93%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.2713) 

Fire Chief 54.56%2 (51.03%,58.09%) 0.220 (-0.098,0.538) 56.08% (52.60%,59.56%) 

Safety Officer 73.15%1,4 (58.76%,87.54%) 0.649 (-0.196,1.494) 65.65% (48.39%,82.90%) Training Officer 56.30% (45.14%,67.46%) -0.019 (-0.551,0.512) 50.53% (39.72%,61.33%) Other/Missing 53.29%2 (46.85%,59.74%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 50.98% (44.54%,57.42%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 56 of 84 
Model 57: Q21. How often is Incident Command established when responding to structure fires? - Most of the tim

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 84.22% (82.01%,86.42%) 0.944* (0.267,1.620) 84.22% (82.01%,86.42%) 

Region (0.0287) 

Northeast 91.03%2,3,4 (87.51%,94.55%) 0.672* (0.002,1.342) 89.96%3 (86.02%,93.90%) 

South 84.13%1 (80.08%,88.17%) 0.173 (-0.425,0.770) 84.69% (80.77%,88.62%) 

Midwest 79.86%1 (75.75%,83.96%) -0.116 (-0.686,0.454) 80.78%1 (76.82%,84.74%) 

West 82.98%1 (76.03%,89.93%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 82.43% (75.50%,89.36%) 

Department Type (0.2453) 

All Career 93.41%2,3 (89.81%,97.01%) -0.634 (-1.499,0.231) 73.72% (59.09%,88.35%) All Volunteer 84.54%1 (80.45%,88.63%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 83.44% (79.05%,87.84%) 

Combination 83.31%1 (80.52%,86.09%) 0.109 (-0.301,0.519) 84.81% (82.20%,87.43%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.0047) 

Urban 96.05%2 (93.89%,98.22%) 1.037* (0.319,1.756) 93.13%2 (88.78%,97.47%) 

Rural/Missing 81.83%1 (79.22%,84.44%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 83.19%1 (80.78%,85.60%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0000) 

50,000+ 97.03%3 (94.19%,99.87%) 1.758* (0.454,3.062) 95.97%3 (91.13%,100.00%) 

5,000-50,000 93.70%3 (91.48%,95.93%) 1.110* (0.634,1.587) 92.62%3 (89.83%,95.40%) 

0 – 5,000 79.50%1,2 (76.39%,82.61%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 80.88%1,2 (77.85%,83.91%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.0704) 

Fatality with Investigation 93.76%3 (89.46%,98.07%) 0.534 (-0.233,1.301) 89.83% (83.19%,96.47%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 93.38%3 (88.84%,97.91%) 0.769 (-0.016,1.554) 91.73%3 (86.08%,97.37%) 

No Fatality 84.05%1,2 (81.81%,86.30%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 84.13%2 (81.90%,86.36%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.3742) 

Fire Chief 83.61%2,3 (80.91%,86.30%) 0.165 (-0.261,0.590) 84.13% (81.50%,86.75%) 

Safety Officer 94.82%1,4 (85.05%,100.00%) 1.179 (-0.876,3.235) 93.39% (81.18%,100.00%) 

Training Officer 90.63%1 (84.20%,97.06%) 0.658 (-0.228,1.545) 89.48% (82.17%,96.79%) 

Other/Missing 82.81%2 (77.76%,87.87%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 81.93% (76.76%,87.10%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 57 of 84 
Model 58: Q26. How often are Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs) or Rapid Intervention Crews (RICs) available a

time or Always 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 42.39% (39.61%,45.17%) -0.209 (-0.681,0.263) 42.39% (39.61%,45.17%) 

Region (0.0000) 

Northeast 61.51%2,3 (55.40%,67.62%) 0.290 (-0.167,0.748) 59.13%2,3 (52.77%,65.49%) 

South 36.82%1,3,4 (31.85%,41.80%) -0.681* (-1.105,-0.256) 37.36%1,4 (32.43%,42.28%) 

Midwest 29.84%1,2,4 (25.54%,34.14%) -0.964* (-1.383,-0.545) 31.62%1,4 (27.36%,35.89%) West 53.69%2,3 (45.59%,61.79%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 52.54%2,3 (44.40%,60.68%) 

Department Type (0.6304) 

All Career 73.62%2,3 (67.57%,79.67%) 0.132 (-0.340,0.605) 46.33% (36.56%,56.10%) 

All Volunteer 44.64%1 (39.66%,49.63%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 43.52% (38.65%,48.39%) 

Combination 38.65%1 (35.07%,42.24%) -0.097 (-0.390,0.196) 41.49% (37.88%,45.11%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.0002) 

Urban 71.05%2 (65.63%,76.47%) 0.693* (0.328,1.059) 55.34%2 (47.78%,62.89%) 

Rural/Missing 36.71%1 (33.55%,39.86%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 40.06%1 (36.94%,43.18%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0000) 

50,000+ 88.28%2,3 (84.08%,92.47%) 2.003* (1.437,2.569) 78.39%2,3 (69.76%,87.02%) 

5,000-50,000 59.00%1,3 (54.46%,63.54%) 0.789* (0.496,1.081) 53.84%1,3 (48.72%,58.96%) 0 – 5,000 33.12%1,2 (29.51%,36.73%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 36.18%1,2 (32.44%,39.91%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.1487) 

Fatality with Investigation 64.43%3 (56.16%,72.70%) 0.269 (-0.210,0.749) 47.96% (37.91%,58.01%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 59.05%3 (49.06%,69.04%) 0.431 (-0.073,0.935) 51.45% (40.91%,61.98%) No Fatality 42.06%1,2 (39.23%,44.89%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 42.27% (39.45%,45.09%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.7283) 

Fire Chief 40.36%2 (36.99%,43.74%) -0.025 (-0.357,0.306) 42.02% (38.71%,45.33%) 

Safety Officer 66.25%1,4 (50.16%,82.34%) 0.495 (-0.425,1.414) 53.12% (34.07%,72.17%) 

Training Officer 48.32% (37.08%,59.56%) -0.024 (-0.598,0.549) 42.04% (31.44%,52.65%) Other/Missing 44.18%2 (37.87%,50.48%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 42.55% (36.52%,48.59%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 58 of 84 
Model 59: Q29. Does your fire department have enough Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) devices for all firef

structure fires? Yes 

Characteristica 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 78.77% (76.32%,81.23%) 0.896* (0.247,1.544) 78.77% (76.32%,81.23%) 

Region (0.0176) 

Northeast 86.69%2,3 (82.31%,91.06%) 0.167 (-0.475,0.808) 84.76%2 (79.82%,89.70%) 

South 72.66%1,4 (67.78%,77.53%) -0.563 (-1.131,0.006) 73.88%1,4 (69.23%,78.53%) Midwest 78.13%1 (73.83%,82.43%) -0.254 (-0.821,0.314) 78.96% (74.82%,83.10%) 

West 82.77%2 (76.01%,89.54%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 82.62%2 (75.91%,89.33%) 

Department Type (0.4133) 

All Career 97.46%2,3 (94.59%,100.00%) 0.465 (-0.744,1.673) 83.23% (67.68%,98.78%) 

All Volunteer 76.99%1 (72.35%,81.62%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 76.42% (71.54%,81.30%) 

Combination 78.23%1 (75.15%,81.32%) 0.222 (-0.145,0.589) 79.86% (76.95%,82.77%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.0001) 

Urban 98.31%2 (96.66%,99.96%) 2.167* (1.108,3.225) 96.47%2 (92.93%,100.00%) 

Rural/Missing 74.85%1 (71.93%,77.78%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 77.00%1 (74.31%,79.69%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0000) 

50,000+ 98.61%2,3 (96.93%,100.00%) 2.020* (0.635,3.405) 95.50%3 (89.72%,100.00%) 

5,000-50,000 92.22%1,3 (89.70%,94.75%) 1.134* (0.700,1.567) 89.91%3 (86.53%,93.28%) 

0 – 5,000 71.96%1,2 (68.48%,75.43%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 75.11%1,2 (71.94%,78.28%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.1163) 

Fatality with Investigation 93.39%2,3 (88.95%,97.83%) 0.818* (0.023,1.612) 88.82%3 (81.45%,96.18%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 81.30%1 (72.82%,89.77%) -0.126 (-0.768,0.516) 76.78% (66.80%,86.77%) 

No Fatality 78.64%1 (76.15%,81.14%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 78.75%1 (76.26%,81.23%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.6975) 

Fire Chief 78.17% (75.16%,81.17%) 0.113 (-0.306,0.531) 78.82% (75.92%,81.73%) Safety Officer 90.42% (78.50%,100.00%) 0.784 (-0.635,2.202) 87.42% (73.14%,100.00%) 

Training Officer 83.83% (75.17%,92.49%) 0.251 (-0.512,1.014) 80.86% (71.30%,90.42%) 

Other/Missing 77.65% (71.83%,83.47%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 77.07% (71.18%,82.95%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 59 of 84 
Model 60: Q30. About how often do you think your firefighters wear their PASS devices when fighting structure 

Always 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 87.98% (85.97%,90.00%) 1.320* (0.522,2.118) 87.98% (85.97%,90.00%) 

Region (0.0023) 

Northeast 96.88%2,3,4 (94.59%,99.18%) 1.279* (0.302,2.255) 96.35%2,3,4 (93.67%,99.02%) 

South 84.55%1 (80.48%,88.63%) -0.268 (-0.957,0.420) 85.50%1 (81.69%,89.31%) 

Midwest 85.24%1 (81.53%,88.94%) -0.264 (-0.940,0.413) 85.56%1 (81.95%,89.17%) West 88.08%1 (82.05%,94.11%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 88.38%1 (82.51%,94.25%) 

Department Type (0.3209) 

All Career 97.57%2,3 (94.46%,100.00%) -0.340 (-1.664,0.984) 81.63% (64.01%,99.25%) 

All Volunteer 86.35%1 (82.35%,90.36%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 85.82% (81.56%,90.07%) Combination 88.09%1 (85.66%,90.52%) 0.323 (-0.145,0.791) 89.09% (86.80%,91.38%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.0000) 

Urban 99.72%2 (99.34%,100.00%) 3.341* (2.022,4.659) 99.44%2 (98.70%,100.00%) 

Rural/Missing 85.62%1 (83.21%,88.04%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 86.86%1 (84.67%,89.06%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0001) 

50,000+ 98.97%2,3 (97.44%,100.00%) 1.925* (0.124,3.726) 97.48%3 (93.18%,100.00%) 

5,000-50,000 96.48%1,3 (94.71%,98.26%) 1.287* (0.666,1.909) 95.38%3 (92.94%,97.82%) 0 – 5,000 83.73%1,2 (80.85%,86.62%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 85.64%1,2 (83.06%,88.22%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.2856) 

Fatality with Investigation 95.63%2,3 (91.86%,99.40%) 0.504 (-0.480,1.487) 92.19% (85.54%,98.83%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 87.04%1 (79.50%,94.58%) -0.443 (-1.186,0.300) 83.01% (73.95%,92.08%) 

No Fatality 87.94%1 (85.89%,89.98%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 88.00% (85.97%,90.04%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.9656) 

Fire Chief 88.01% (85.61%,90.42%) 0.131 (-0.383,0.645) 88.31% (85.97%,90.66%) 

Safety Officer 90.42% (78.50%,100.00%) 0.055 (-1.419,1.530) 87.57% (73.43%,100.00%) 

Training Officer 88.86% (81.14%,96.58%) 0.038 (-0.921,0.997) 87.40% (78.72%,96.07%) 

Other/Missing 87.26% (82.47%,92.05%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 87.00% (82.28%,91.72%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 60 of 84 
Model 61: Q33. Do your firefighters ever have to share facepieces for SCBAs? Yes 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 50.11% (47.12%,53.10%) 0.017 (-0.480,0.514) 50.11% (47.12%,53.10%) Region (0.0063) 

Northeast 44.13%2 (37.60%,50.66%) 0.246 (-0.227,0.718) 45.49%2 (38.94%,52.04%) 

South 56.84%1,4 (51.55%,62.14%) 0.716* (0.271,1.160) 56.36%1,4 (51.08%,61.65%) 

Midwest 51.44%4 (46.37%,56.52%) 0.453* (0.014,0.892) 50.32%4 (45.34%,55.30%) West 38.35%2,3 (29.75%,46.95%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 39.85%2,3 (31.24%,48.45%) 

Department Type (0.0000) 

All Career 8.59%2,3 (4.60%,12.58%) -1.608* (-2.221,-0.995) 18.78%2,3 (9.78%,27.77%) 

All Volunteer 51.03%1 (45.61%,56.45%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 51.68%1 (46.10%,57.25%) 

Combination 52.74%1 (48.90%,56.57%) -0.038 (-0.334,0.259) 50.79%1 (46.97%,54.61%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.0202) 

Urban 27.50%2 (21.67%,33.33%) -0.468* (-0.863,-0.073) 40.69%2 (32.28%,49.10%) 

Rural/Missing 54.38%1 (51.01%,57.76%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 51.54%1 (48.27%,54.81%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0000) 

50,000+ 10.45%2,3 (5.87%,15.04%) -1.268* (-1.927,-0.608) 26.04%2,3 (14.31%,37.76%) 

5,000-50,000 37.48%1,3 (32.77%,42.18%) -0.552* (-0.844,-0.260) 41.20%1,3 (35.92%,46.48%) 0 – 5,000 57.08%1,2 (53.20%,60.97%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 54.18%1,2 (50.25%,58.10%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.2207) 

Fatality with Investigation 34.96%2,3 (26.69%,43.24%) 0.038 (-0.440,0.515) 50.88% (40.26%,61.50%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 54.48%1 (43.81%,65.15%) 0.437 (-0.056,0.931) 59.83% (49.47%,70.20%) No Fatality 50.18%1 (47.14%,53.22%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 50.02% (46.99%,53.05%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.1650) 

Fire Chief 51.80%2,3 (48.19%,55.42%) -0.114 (-0.439,0.212) 50.54% (46.98%,54.11%) 

Safety Officer 27.24%1,4 (11.30%,43.19%) -0.771 (-1.730,0.188) 35.64% (15.75%,55.53%) Training Officer 36.30%1,4 (24.51%,48.09%) -0.552 (-1.158,0.054) 40.47% (28.30%,52.65%) Other/Missing 51.74%2,3 (45.14%,58.33%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 53.15% (46.63%,59.67%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 61 of 84 
Model 62: Q33a. Reasons why your fire department does not have personally-fitted SCBA facepieces for all of yo

it was recommended 

Characteristica 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 9.57% (6.85%,12.29%) -2.363* (-3.655,-1.071) 9.57% (6.85%,12.29%) 

Region (0.8509) 

Northeast 6.78% (1.07%,12.50%) -0.319 (-1.670,1.031) 7.11% (1.03%,13.19%) 

South 11.11% (6.49%,15.73%) 0.149 (-0.978,1.277) 10.88% (6.23%,15.52%) 

Midwest 9.21% (4.82%,13.61%) -0.017 (-1.154,1.121) 9.38% (4.81%,13.94%) 

West 10.08% (0.15%,20.01%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 9.52% (0.84%,18.19%) 

Department Type (0.5567) 

All Volunteer 11.13% (5.72%,16.54%) 0.211 (-0.494,0.916) 10.77% (5.34%,16.20%) 

All Career/ Combination 8.75% (5.73%,11.78%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 8.91% (5.77%,12.06%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.9486) 

Urban 9.07% (0.53%,17.61%) -0.039 (-1.222,1.144) 9.27% (0.00%,18.71%) 

Rural/Missing 9.62% (6.75%,12.49%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 9.60% (6.75%,12.45%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

5,000+ 9.51% (4.77%,14.26%) 0.003 (-0.695,0.701) 9.59% (4.65%,14.52%) 

(0.9934) 0 – 5,000 9.59% (6.36%,12.81%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 9.56% (6.31%,12.82%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.2946) 

Fatality with Investigation 4.43% (0.00%,10.49%) -0.801 (-2.276,0.674) 4.59% (0.00%,10.92%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 3.95% (0.00%,9.53%) -0.932 (-2.464,0.599) 4.05% (0.00%,9.85%) No Fatality 9.65% (6.89%,12.41%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 9.65% (6.89%,12.40%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.5678) 

Fire Chief 9.09% (6.05%,12.13%) 0.006 (-0.780,0.791) 9.21% (6.08%,12.35%) 

Training Officer 18.20% (0.00%,37.17%) 0.705 (-0.712,2.122) 16.91% (0.00%,34.41%) Safety Officer, Other, Missing 9.42% (3.78%,15.06%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 9.17% (3.55%,14.78%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 62 of 84 
Model 63: Q33a. Reasons why your fire department does not have personally-fitted SCBA facepieces for all of yo

much, there is not enough money in the budget 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 63.95% (59.69%,68.21%) 0.716 (-0.092,1.524) 63.95% (59.69%,68.21%) Region (0.6721) 

Northeast 58.09% (48.20%,67.99%) -0.291 (-1.056,0.474) 59.18% (49.06%,69.30%) South 66.66% (59.73%,73.60%) 0.028 (-0.682,0.738) 66.56% (59.59%,73.54%) 

Midwest 63.42% (56.29%,70.56%) -0.126 (-0.840,0.588) 63.07% (55.82%,70.33%) 

West 66.45% (52.43%,80.47%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 65.94% (51.78%,80.10%) 

Department Type (0.6700) 

All Career 67.49% (44.77%,90.20%) 0.447 (-0.685,1.579) 71.79% (49.44%,94.15%) 

All Volunteer 62.75% (54.92%,70.58%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 62.06% (54.08%,70.03%) 

Combination 64.54% (59.45%,69.62%) 0.121 (-0.295,0.537) 64.84% (59.73%,69.94%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.4034) 

Urban 57.15% (43.65%,70.65%) -0.278 (-0.931,0.375) 57.99% (42.98%,73.00%) Rural/Missing 64.60% (60.12%,69.07%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 64.52% (60.07%,68.96%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.7459) 

50,000+ 55.70% (30.51%,80.90%) -0.445 (-1.636,0.747) 53.84% (25.31%,82.37%) 

5,000-50,000 61.28% (53.43%,69.13%) -0.082 (-0.505,0.341) 62.54% (54.47%,70.60%) 0 – 5,000 64.77% (59.74%,69.79%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 64.43% (59.32%,69.53%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.7431) 

Fatality with Investigation 62.65% (47.20%,78.09%) 0.039 (-0.680,0.758) 64.89% (49.04%,80.74%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 57.09% (42.17%,72.01%) -0.257 (-0.925,0.411) 57.97% (42.49%,73.44%) No Fatality 64.02% (59.70%,68.34%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 64.00% (59.69%,68.32%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.5838) 

Fire Chief 62.48% (57.51%,67.45%) -0.150 (-0.633,0.332) 62.52% (57.49%,67.55%) 

Safety Officer 72.95% (43.00%,100.00%) 0.382 (-1.226,1.989) 73.88% (44.11%,100.00%) 

Training Officer 75.34% (58.19%,92.50%) 0.436 (-0.604,1.476) 74.91% (57.20%,92.62%) 

Other/Missing 66.03% (56.41%,75.66%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 65.95% (56.38%,75.51%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 63 of 84 
Model 64: Q33a. Reasons why your fire department does not have personally-fitted SCBA facepieces for all of yo

have enough equipment for all of our firefighters 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 49.45% (45.00%,53.89%) 0.478 (-0.335,1.291) 49.45% (45.00%,53.89%) Region (0.0058) 

Northeast 35.92%3,4 (26.38%,45.47%) -0.987* (-1.776,-0.198) 36.45%3,4 (26.71%,46.20%) 

South 46.25%3 (38.91%,53.59%) -0.532 (-1.263,0.199) 47.18% (39.78%,54.58%) 

Midwest 58.46%1,2 (51.28%,65.65%) -0.125 (-0.853,0.604) 57.01%1 (49.85%,64.16%) 

West 60.19%1 (45.44%,74.93%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 59.94%1 (44.59%,75.29%) 

Department Type (0.6545) 

All Career 21.33%2,3 (1.16%,41.49%) -0.660 (-2.070,0.751) 35.09% (4.82%,65.36%) 

All Volunteer 48.98%1 (40.82%,57.13%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 50.23% (42.24%,58.23%) Combination 50.04%1 (44.73%,55.35%) -0.045 (-0.452,0.363) 49.18% (43.84%,54.51%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.8243) 

Urban 36.30%2 (23.09%,49.50%) -0.075 (-0.736,0.586) 47.82% (32.84%,62.80%) 

Rural/Missing 50.70%1 (46.01%,55.40%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 49.59% (44.96%,54.21%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0059) 

50,000+ 22.69%3 (1.19%,44.19%) -1.135 (-2.480,0.211) 27.33% (1.76%,52.90%) 

5,000-50,000 35.50%3 (27.68%,43.31%) -0.658* (-1.089,-0.226) 37.40%3 (29.08%,45.71%) 

0 – 5,000 53.62%1,2 (48.35%,58.88%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 52.98%2 (47.69%,58.27%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.1344) 

Fatality with Investigation 59.67% (44.42%,74.92%) 0.712 (-0.033,1.457) 65.52%3 (50.02%,81.02%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 49.08% (34.04%,64.12%) 0.295 (-0.406,0.997) 56.23% (40.56%,71.89%) No Fatality 49.40% (44.90%,53.91%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 49.31%1 (44.81%,53.81%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.2463) 

Fire Chief 51.48%2 (46.33%,56.62%) 0.203 (-0.261,0.667) 51.42% (46.23%,56.62%) 

Safety Officer 22.83%1 (0.00%,50.74%) -1.059 (-2.631,0.514) 24.06% (0.00%,51.01%) 

Training Officer 41.39% (20.04%,62.74%) -0.329 (-1.294,0.637) 38.97% (19.04%,58.89%) Other/Missing 45.96% (36.06%,55.87%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 46.61% (36.94%,56.29%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 64 of 84 
Model 65: Q33a. Reasons why your fire department does not have personally-fitted SCBA facepieces for all of yo

systems work fine for our needs 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 47.17% (42.72%,51.62%) -0.024 (-0.779,0.730) 47.17% (42.72%,51.62%) 

Region (0.9716) 

Northeast 46.19% (36.12%,56.27%) -0.100 (-0.832,0.632) 46.00% (35.74%,56.27%) South 46.42% (39.11%,53.73%) -0.084 (-0.751,0.582) 46.39% (39.01%,53.76%) 

Midwest 48.64% (41.24%,56.05%) -0.000 (-0.671,0.671) 48.47% (41.01%,55.93%) 

West 47.31% (32.26%,62.37%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 48.47% (33.69%,63.26%) 

Department Type (0.8468) 

All Career 49.53% (24.99%,74.07%) 0.229 (-0.950,1.407) 53.98% (25.49%,82.47%) 

All Volunteer 47.85% (39.64%,56.06%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 48.32% (40.01%,56.63%) 

Combination 46.78% (41.48%,52.08%) -0.074 (-0.478,0.329) 46.48% (41.15%,51.81%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.3901) 

Urban 41.60% (28.49%,54.72%) -0.279 (-0.916,0.358) 40.93% (26.36%,55.51%) Rural/Missing 47.70% (42.99%,52.41%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 47.76% (43.09%,52.44%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.8140) 

50,000+ 49.21% (24.38%,74.03%) 0.253 (-0.905,1.411) 52.74% (24.87%,80.62%) 

5,000-50,000 48.42% (40.29%,56.55%) 0.119 (-0.298,0.536) 49.43% (40.82%,58.04%) 0 – 5,000 46.80% (41.54%,52.06%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 46.49% (41.19%,51.80%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.7834) 

Fatality with Investigation 44.49% (28.97%,60.00%) -0.127 (-0.792,0.539) 44.03% (28.15%,59.90%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 51.50% (36.72%,66.27%) 0.182 (-0.453,0.818) 51.66% (36.56%,66.75%) 

No Fatality 47.14% (42.63%,51.65%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 47.14% (42.63%,51.65%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.4097) 

Fire Chief 48.51% (43.37%,53.66%) 0.057 (-0.397,0.511) 48.45% (43.24%,53.66%) 

Safety Officer 37.20% (3.94%,70.46%) -0.390 (-1.915,1.134) 37.56% (3.19%,71.93%) 

Training Officer 30.36% (11.20%,49.51%) -0.727 (-1.743,0.289) 30.06% (10.63%,49.50%) 

Other/Missing 46.77% (36.82%,56.73%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 47.04% (37.06%,57.01%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 65 of 84 
Model 66: Q33a. Reasons why your fire department does not have personally-fitted SCBA facepieces for all of yo

specify:_____) 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 10.05% (7.50%,12.60%) -3.272* (-4.755,-1.790) 10.05% (7.50%,12.60%) 

Region (0.2641) 

Northeast 16.57%2,3 (9.41%,23.73%) 0.520 (-0.825,1.865) 14.99% (8.50%,21.47%) 

South 8.42%1 (4.64%,12.20%) -0.174 (-1.515,1.167) 8.36% (4.53%,12.18%) 

Midwest 8.37%1 (4.51%,12.23%) -0.098 (-1.458,1.262) 8.93% (4.92%,12.94%) 

West 9.11% (0.00%,18.72%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 9.72% (0.00%,20.08%) 

Department Type (0.8948) 

All Career 19.87% (0.08%,39.67%) -0.301 (-1.818,1.216) 7.52% (0.00%,17.29%) 

All Volunteer 9.87% (5.42%,14.33%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 9.76% (5.43%,14.09%) Combination 10.02% (6.88%,13.15%) 0.061 (-0.575,0.697) 10.27% (7.10%,13.45%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.6834) 

Urban 19.36% (8.45%,30.27%) 0.189 (-0.719,1.096) 11.52% (3.34%,19.70%) 

Rural/Missing 9.16% (6.58%,11.74%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 9.82% (7.14%,12.51%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0001) 

50,000+ 45.57%3 (20.37%,70.77%) 2.640* (1.161,4.118) 49.88%3 (16.80%,82.96%) 

5,000-50,000 20.10%3 (13.58%,26.63%) 1.139* (0.501,1.778) 18.92%3 (12.19%,25.66%) 0 – 5,000 6.93%1,2 (4.25%,9.61%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 7.08%1,2 (4.31%,9.85%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.6836) 

Fatality with Investigation 14.36% (4.17%,24.56%) -0.221 (-1.173,0.731) 8.30% (1.63%,14.96%) Fatality - No Investigation 17.03% (6.83%,27.22%) 0.287 (-0.524,1.099) 12.73% (4.79%,20.66%) 

No Fatality 9.96% (7.37%,12.54%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 10.03% (7.44%,12.61%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.3938) 

Fire Chief 11.31%4 (8.13%,14.48%) 0.728 (-0.101,1.557) 11.15%4 (7.99%,14.32%) 

Safety Officer 11.60% (0.00%,33.19%) 0.415 (-2.391,3.221) 8.53% (0.00%,28.62%) 

Training Officer 9.74% (0.00%,21.61%) 0.660 (-0.997,2.318) 10.54% (0.00%,23.75%) Other/Missing 5.54%1 (1.64%,9.44%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 5.90%1 (1.83%,9.97%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 66 of 84 
Model 67: Q34. About how often do you think your firefighters use SCBAs while fighting structure fires? - Most 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 91.39% (89.62%,93.16%) 1.990* (1.034,2.946) 91.39% (89.62%,93.16%) 

Region (0.0025) 

Northeast 99.14%2,3,4 (97.95%,100.00%) 2.296* (0.736,3.856) 99.09%2,3,4 (97.84%,100.00%) 

South 89.71%1 (86.26%,93.16%) -0.266 (-1.072,0.541) 89.67%1 (86.25%,93.09%) 

Midwest 87.42%1 (83.85%,91.00%) -0.435 (-1.217,0.347) 88.06%1 (84.61%,91.50%) 

West 92.12%1 (87.14%,97.11%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 91.83%1 (86.67%,96.98%) 

Department Type (0.7492) 

All Career 98.46%2,3 (96.47%,100.00%) 0.479 (-1.110,2.069) 94.75% (87.14%,100.00%) 

All Volunteer 92.28%1 (89.03%,95.54%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 91.93% (88.48%,95.37%) 

Combination 90.38%1 (88.13%,92.62%) -0.119 (-0.697,0.460) 91.05% (88.88%,93.23%) 

Jurisdiction Type 

Urban --- --- --- --- --- --- 

Rural/Missing --- --- --- --- --- --- 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0001) 

50,000+ 99.22%3 (97.70%,100.00%) 2.432* (0.035,4.828) 98.88%3 (96.27%,100.00%) 

5,000-50,000 97.73%3 (96.27%,99.20%) 1.612* (0.844,2.379) 97.50%3 (95.81%,99.19%) 

0 – 5,000 88.34%1,2 (85.82%,90.86%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 88.90%1,2 (86.40%,91.40%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.5904) 

Fatality with Investigation 96.99%3 (93.59%,100.00%) 0.617 (-0.593,1.827) 95.03% (89.57%,100.00%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 94.66% (89.16%,100.00%) 0.161 (-0.982,1.303) 92.49% (85.11%,99.88%) No Fatality 91.32%1 (89.52%,93.12%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 91.37% (89.58%,93.15%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.6970) 

Fire Chief 91.13% (89.01%,93.24%) 0.186 (-0.399,0.772) 91.44% (89.39%,93.49%) Safety Officer 94.67% (86.64%,100.00%) 0.307 (-1.422,2.037) 92.30% (81.11%,100.00%) Training Officer 95.81% (90.51%,100.00%) 0.853 (-0.589,2.295) 95.30% (89.47%,100.00%) 

Other/Missing 90.48% (86.18%,94.78%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 89.96% (85.58%,94.35%) 

--- Effect not included in model. 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 67 of 84 
Model 68: Q38. Does your fire department have Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs)? Yes 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 77.45% (74.93%,79.96%) 0.980* (0.397,1.562) 77.45% (74.93%,79.96%) 

Region (0.4309) 

Northeast 78.19% (72.79%,83.59%) -0.116 (-0.671,0.438) 77.21% (71.58%,82.84%) South 74.44% (69.71%,79.17%) -0.254 (-0.768,0.259) 74.78% (70.07%,79.48%) 

Midwest 79.16% (75.04%,83.28%) 0.045 (-0.468,0.558) 79.85% (75.82%,83.88%) West 80.04% (73.06%,87.01%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 79.14% (72.03%,86.24%) 

Department Type (0.5352) 

All Career 92.15%2,3 (88.07%,96.24%) 0.389 (-0.316,1.093) 82.53% (72.77%,92.29%) 

All Volunteer 76.89%1 (72.26%,81.52%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 76.41% (71.57%,81.25%) 

Combination 76.58%1 (73.39%,79.77%) 0.080 (-0.265,0.426) 77.78% (74.65%,80.91%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.2188) 

Urban 87.81%2 (83.64%,91.98%) 0.322 (-0.191,0.836) 81.94% (74.98%,88.91%) 

Rural/Missing 75.39%1 (72.50%,78.29%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 76.83% (74.08%,79.57%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0003) 

50,000+ 95.23%2,3 (92.38%,98.08%) 1.397* (0.594,2.200) 92.06%2,3 (86.50%,97.61%) 

5,000-50,000 85.15%1,3 (81.77%,88.52%) 0.600* (0.234,0.967) 84.02%1,3 (80.09%,87.95%) 0 – 5,000 73.31%1,2 (69.90%,76.73%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 74.41%1,2 (70.96%,77.86%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.1374) 

Fatality with Investigation 88.75%3 (83.09%,94.41%) 0.416 (-0.189,1.020) 83.64% (75.75%,91.53%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 85.89%3 (78.63%,93.15%) 0.488 (-0.133,1.108) 84.58% (76.90%,92.26%) No Fatality 77.28%1,2 (74.72%,79.83%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 77.34% (74.80%,79.89%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.1093) 

Fire Chief 76.08%3 (72.99%,79.16%) 0.010 (-0.372,0.393) 76.51%3 (73.45%,79.58%) 

Safety Officer 87.81% (76.13%,99.48%) 0.596 (-0.573,1.765) 85.24% (71.29%,99.20%) 

Training Officer 90.25%1,4 (83.19%,97.32%) 0.966* (0.092,1.840) 89.27%1,4 (81.57%,96.96%) 

Other/Missing 76.66%3 (70.90%,82.41%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 76.33%3 (70.49%,82.18%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 68 of 84 
Model 69: Q39. How often has routine maintenance, including replacement of battery packs, been performed on 

less 

Characteristica 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 40.13% (36.77%,43.49%) -0.704* (-1.278,-0.130) 40.13% (36.77%,43.49%) 

Region (0.1848) 

Northeast 40.40% (33.22%,47.59%) 0.402 (-0.127,0.930) 40.64% (33.34%,47.94%) South 44.05%4 (38.03%,50.08%) 0.542* (0.044,1.040) 44.03%4 (38.02%,50.04%) 

Midwest 39.32% (33.56%,45.07%) 0.325 (-0.172,0.822) 38.82% (33.05%,44.59%) West 30.80%2 (21.59%,40.02%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 31.51%2 (22.28%,40.75%) 

Department Type (0.4703) 

All Career 33.45% (26.99%,39.91%) 0.024 (-0.453,0.501) 43.65% (32.68%,54.63%) All Volunteer 42.16% (35.97%,48.35%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 43.07% (36.66%,49.49%) 

Combination 39.68% (35.36%,44.00%) -0.202 (-0.540,0.137) 38.31% (33.95%,42.66%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.7401) 

Urban 36.08% (29.60%,42.55%) -0.071 (-0.492,0.350) 38.74% (29.97%,47.51%) Rural/Missing 41.01% (37.16%,44.85%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 40.41% (36.63%,44.20%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0034) 

50,000+ 20.93%2,3 (15.31%,26.54%) -0.853* (-1.389,-0.316) 23.18%2,3 (14.73%,31.64%) 

5,000-50,000 39.66%1 (34.44%,44.87%) -0.071 (-0.403,0.261) 39.51%1 (33.75%,45.28%) 

0 – 5,000 41.30%1 (36.80%,45.79%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 41.21%1 (36.55%,45.86%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.3936) 

Fatality with Investigation 33.13% (24.07%,42.20%) -0.051 (-0.515,0.412) 38.85% (28.27%,49.42%) Fatality - No Investigation 45.52% (34.64%,56.40%) 0.321 (-0.154,0.796) 47.78% (36.64%,58.93%) No Fatality 40.12% (36.70%,43.55%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 40.05% (36.64%,43.46%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.2466) 

Fire Chief 42.27% (38.14%,46.40%) 0.189 (-0.175,0.553) 42.23% (38.09%,46.37%) Safety Officer 26.41% (10.24%,42.58%) -0.426 (-1.402,0.549) 28.46% (9.55%,47.37%) 

Training Officer 30.47% (18.94%,42.01%) -0.292 (-0.931,0.347) 31.24% (19.17%,43.31%) Other/Missing 38.30% (31.13%,45.46%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 37.75% (30.49%,45.02%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 69 of 84 
Model 70: Q40. About how often do your firefighters carry radios or other two-way communication devices whil

fires? - Most of the time or Always 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 91.04% (89.33%,92.74%) 2.298* (1.377,3.218) 91.04% (89.33%,92.74%) 

Region (0.0456) 

Northeast 88.31%2 (84.25%,92.37%) -0.333 (-1.095,0.430) 87.91%2 (83.69%,92.13%) 

South 94.57%1,3 (92.08%,97.05%) 0.540 (-0.265,1.345) 94.47%1,3 (91.99%,96.96%) Midwest 88.87%2 (85.67%,92.08%) -0.156 (-0.885,0.573) 89.62%2 (86.60%,92.65%) 

West 91.60% (86.74%,96.46%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 90.96% (85.77%,96.14%) 

Department Type (0.0212) 

All Career 98.13%2,3 (96.42%,99.85%) 0.320 (-0.810,1.451) 96.00%3 (91.88%,100.00%) 

All Volunteer 94.95%1,3 (92.42%,97.47%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 94.59%3 (91.83%,97.35%) Combination 88.31%1,2 (85.91%,90.71%) -0.769* (-1.380,-0.157) 89.14%1,2 (86.82%,91.46%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.0994) 

Urban 96.08%2 (93.45%,98.70%) 0.721 (-0.137,1.578) 95.03%2 (91.24%,98.81%) 

Rural/Missing 90.02%1 (88.05%,92.00%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 90.42%1 (88.52%,92.33%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.3254) 

50,000+ 98.64%2,3 (97.31%,99.97%) 0.872 (-0.301,2.044) 95.73% (91.25%,100.00%) 

5,000-50,000 93.73%1,3 (91.37%,96.08%) 0.241 (-0.299,0.781) 92.36% (89.28%,95.43%) 

0 – 5,000 89.53%1,2 (87.23%,91.83%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 90.53% (88.35%,92.70%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.1786) 

Fatality with Investigation 98.27%3 (95.80%,100.00%) 1.270 (-0.228,2.769) 97.23%3 (93.27%,100.00%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 94.19% (89.71%,98.68%) 0.386 (-0.470,1.242) 93.63% (88.79%,98.47%) No Fatality 90.95%1 (89.22%,92.68%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 90.98%1 (89.26%,92.71%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.3207) 

Fire Chief 91.13% (89.12%,93.14%) 0.484 (-0.041,1.009) 91.78% (89.90%,93.65%) Safety Officer 95.75% (88.21%,100.00%) 0.824 (-1.162,2.809) 93.96% (83.23%,100.00%) 

Training Officer 93.24% (87.80%,98.69%) 0.417 (-0.545,1.379) 91.27% (84.59%,97.95%) 

Other/Missing 89.39% (85.17%,93.61%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 87.48% (82.67%,92.29%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 70 of 84 
Model 71: Q41. Some radios and other two-way communication devices can have problems under field condition

communication devices have these or other problems? - Most of the time or Always 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 7.20% (5.62%,8.78%) -2.312* (-3.210,-1.414) 7.20% (5.62%,8.78%) 

Region (0.5476) 

Northeast 6.03% (3.01%,9.05%) -0.114 (-0.987,0.759) 6.60% (3.26%,9.95%) 

South 8.85% (5.73%,11.97%) 0.186 (-0.594,0.965) 8.68% (5.61%,11.75%) Midwest 6.07% (3.66%,8.49%) -0.234 (-1.036,0.568) 5.90% (3.55%,8.25%) 

West 7.55% (2.95%,12.15%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 7.33% (2.80%,11.87%) 

Department Type (0.6548) 

All Career 4.53%3 (2.00%,7.06%) 0.290 (-0.711,1.292) 8.08% (0.92%,15.24%) 

All Volunteer 6.47% (3.68%,9.26%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 6.19% (3.44%,8.93%) Combination 7.82%1 (5.76%,9.88%) 0.242 (-0.340,0.825) 7.73% (5.62%,9.84%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.1022) 

Urban 3.06%2 (0.85%,5.26%) -0.868 (-1.909,0.173) 3.47%2 (0.21%,6.73%) 

Rural/Missing 8.03%1 (6.19%,9.88%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 7.85%1 (6.04%,9.66%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.3922) 

50,000+ 4.83% (1.85%,7.81%) -0.190 (-1.198,0.817) 6.60% (0.90%,12.30%) 

5,000-50,000 4.67%3 (2.68%,6.66%) -0.403 (-0.986,0.180) 5.41% (2.97%,7.86%) 

0 – 5,000 8.42%2 (6.25%,10.59%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 7.86% (5.78%,9.95%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.9374) 

Fatality with Investigation 5.22% (1.08%,9.36%) -0.128 (-1.014,0.758) 6.41% (1.25%,11.57%) Fatality - No Investigation 6.14% (1.78%,10.50%) -0.101 (-0.919,0.717) 6.57% (1.82%,11.33%) 

No Fatality 7.23% (5.62%,8.84%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 7.21% (5.61%,8.82%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.4854) 

Fire Chief 6.61% (4.80%,8.42%) -0.305 (-0.883,0.273) 6.47% (4.68%,8.26%) 

Safety Officer 6.86% (0.00%,16.84%) -0.097 (-1.778,1.584) 7.83% (0.00%,19.30%) 

Training Officer 10.05% (2.99%,17.10%) 0.303 (-0.637,1.243) 11.20% (3.23%,19.17%) 

Other/Missing 8.38% (4.63%,12.12%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 8.56% (4.76%,12.35%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 71 of 84 
Model 72: Q43. How often have you seen NIOSH reports that describe recent firefighter fatalities and make reco

similar incidents? Once a year or more 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 73.22% (70.57%,75.86%) 0.838* (0.287,1.389) 73.22% (70.57%,75.86%) 

Region (0.1831) 

Northeast 78.38%2,3 (73.05%,83.71%) -0.089 (-0.636,0.458) 76.81% (71.17%,82.45%) 

South 69.82%1,4 (64.84%,74.79%) -0.438 (-0.937,0.060) 70.34% (65.45%,75.23%) Midwest 70.98%1 (66.36%,75.60%) -0.357 (-0.855,0.141) 71.93% (67.41%,76.45%) West 78.65%2 (71.54%,85.77%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 78.30% (71.20%,85.41%) 

Department Type (0.1367) 

All Career 84.14%2,3 (78.75%,89.52%) -0.540 (-1.146,0.065) 65.78% (53.59%,77.97%) 

All Volunteer 76.51%1,3 (71.77%,81.24%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 76.23% (71.32%,81.14%) Combination 70.56%1,2 (67.14%,73.97%) -0.232 (-0.574,0.110) 72.00% (68.65%,75.35%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.0225) 

Urban 87.29%2 (83.04%,91.55%) 0.598* (0.085,1.112) 82.03%2 (75.08%,88.98%) 

Rural/Missing 70.41%1 (67.35%,73.47%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 71.90%1 (68.98%,74.83%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0000) 

50,000+ 92.69%2,3 (89.48%,95.89%) 1.586* (0.911,2.261) 91.44%2,3 (86.56%,96.32%) 

5,000-50,000 83.68%1,3 (80.19%,87.16%) 0.711* (0.364,1.057) 81.82%1,3 (77.71%,85.92%) 0 – 5,000 67.76%1,2 (64.15%,71.36%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 69.17%1,2 (65.51%,72.83%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.0001) 

Fatality with Investigation 91.76%3 (87.00%,96.53%) 1.052* (0.403,1.701) 88.17%3 (81.67%,94.68%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 88.91%3 (83.03%,94.79%) 0.984* (0.337,1.631) 87.47%3 (80.72%,94.21%) No Fatality 72.92%1,2 (70.23%,75.61%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 73.00%1,2 (70.32%,75.68%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.1211) 

Fire Chief 74.09% (70.93%,77.25%) 0.420* (0.069,0.772) 74.92%4 (71.82%,78.02%) 

Safety Officer 77.94% (62.76%,93.12%) 0.197 (-0.733,1.127) 70.72% (53.27%,88.18%) 

Training Officer 78.67% (69.13%,88.22%) 0.456 (-0.207,1.119) 75.56% (65.02%,86.11%) 

Other/Missing 67.95% (61.79%,74.11%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 66.71%1 (60.40%,73.02%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 72 of 84 
Model 73: Q45. Have you read part or all of a NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation report in the last 12 mo

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 72.70% (69.65%,75.75%) 0.473 (-0.089,1.035) 72.70% (69.65%,75.75%) Region (0.7519) 

Northeast 73.78% (67.53%,80.04%) -0.240 (-0.799,0.319) 72.41% (65.83%,78.99%) 

South 70.88% (65.12%,76.64%) -0.256 (-0.768,0.256) 72.11% (66.57%,77.64%) 

Midwest 71.37% (65.98%,76.77%) -0.273 (-0.790,0.244) 71.77% (66.46%,77.08%) 

West 78.04% (70.86%,85.23%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 76.79% (69.30%,84.28%) 

Department Type (0.6691) 

All Career 82.28%2,3 (76.60%,87.96%) -0.270 (-0.875,0.335) 67.58% (55.58%,79.58%) 

All Volunteer 73.45%1 (68.13%,78.77%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 72.97% (67.40%,78.55%) Combination 71.33%1 (67.29%,75.37%) -0.007 (-0.378,0.364) 72.85% (68.91%,76.78%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.0294) 

Urban 83.29%2 (78.43%,88.14%) 0.541* (0.054,1.027) 80.59%2 (73.82%,87.35%) 

Rural/Missing 70.11%1 (66.51%,73.72%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 71.02%1 (67.52%,74.52%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0025) 

50,000+ 90.19%2,3 (86.19%,94.20%) 1.194* (0.514,1.873) 88.27%2,3 (81.94%,94.61%) 

5,000-50,000 78.35%1,3 (74.16%,82.55%) 0.346 (-0.017,0.709) 76.61%1 (71.83%,81.40%) 

0 – 5,000 68.68%1,2 (64.38%,72.99%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 70.05%1 (65.73%,74.38%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.0175) 

Fatality with Investigation 90.64%2,3 (85.01%,96.27%) 0.980* (0.292,1.668) 87.25%3 (79.88%,94.63%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 76.97%1 (68.20%,85.73%) 0.202 (-0.349,0.753) 76.26% (67.04%,85.48%) 

No Fatality 72.49%1 (69.37%,75.60%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 72.55%1 (69.45%,75.66%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.0047) 

Fire Chief 73.52%3,4 (69.90%,77.13%) 0.595* (0.194,0.996) 74.30%4 (70.75%,77.85%) 

Safety Officer 84.32%4 (69.51%,99.14%) 0.886 (-0.288,2.060) 79.36% (61.10%,97.62%) 

Training Officer 84.96%1,4 (76.21%,93.72%) 1.143* (0.377,1.908) 83.19%4 (73.59%,92.79%) 

Other/Missing 63.26%1,2,3 (55.65%,70.87%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 61.82%1,3 (53.97%,69.68%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 73 of 84 
Model 74: Q52a. Agree/disagree with the following statements about the NIOSH recommendations: Recommend

or Strongly Agree 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 68.45% (65.19%,71.71%) 0.353 (-0.203,0.908) 68.45% (65.19%,71.71%) Region (0.0220) 

Northeast 74.77%3,4 (68.60%,80.93%) 0.767* (0.253,1.281) 75.23%3,4 (69.13%,81.32%) 

South 69.76% (63.73%,75.79%) 0.476 (-0.008,0.960) 69.49% (63.45%,75.53%) 

Midwest 65.07%1 (59.28%,70.86%) 0.304 (-0.175,0.782) 65.76%1 (59.96%,71.57%) 

West 60.86%1 (51.95%,69.76%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 58.73%1 (49.35%,68.11%) 

Department Type (0.1253) 

All Career 77.84%3 (71.87%,83.81%) 0.282 (-0.253,0.817) 76.88%3 (67.90%,85.86%) 

All Volunteer 71.35% (65.77%,76.92%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 71.57% (65.82%,77.32%) 

Combination 65.80%1 (61.42%,70.17%) -0.275 (-0.641,0.092) 65.77%1 (61.26%,70.28%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.7180) 

Urban 72.86% (67.08%,78.64%) -0.079 (-0.509,0.351) 67.07% (58.86%,75.29%) 

Rural/Missing 67.32% (63.51%,71.14%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 68.76% (65.09%,72.43%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.3817) 

50,000+ 74.58%3 (68.08%,81.07%) 0.175 (-0.436,0.787) 70.30% (59.20%,81.39%) 

5,000-50,000 72.81%3 (68.15%,77.47%) 0.249 (-0.105,0.603) 71.79% (66.66%,76.92%) 0 – 5,000 65.69%1,2 (61.14%,70.24%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 66.57% (61.88%,71.27%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.8288) 

Fatality with Investigation 71.93% (63.85%,80.01%) -0.023 (-0.464,0.417) 68.00% (58.90%,77.10%) Fatality - No Investigation 66.96% (56.88%,77.04%) -0.152 (-0.640,0.336) 65.21% (54.92%,75.49%) No Fatality 68.44% (65.11%,71.77%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 68.50% (65.18%,71.81%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.7335) 

Fire Chief 67.80% (63.89%,71.72%) 0.068 (-0.346,0.481) 68.26% (64.37%,72.15%) 

Safety Officer 77.70% (63.55%,91.85%) 0.508 (-0.441,1.458) 76.82% (61.20%,92.45%) 

Training Officer 71.41% (59.69%,83.13%) 0.199 (-0.473,0.872) 70.99% (59.24%,82.75%) 

Other/Missing 68.19% (60.63%,75.75%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 66.81% (58.92%,74.70%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 74 of 84 
Model 75: Q52b. Agree/disagree with the following statements about the NIOSH recommendations: Recommend

-Agree or Strongly Agree 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 69.51% (66.28%,72.75%) 0.613* (0.042,1.184) 69.51% (66.28%,72.75%) 

Region (0.2475) 

Northeast 74.17% (67.99%,80.36%) 0.459 (-0.070,0.988) 74.43% (68.18%,80.69%) South 70.27% (64.24%,76.31%) 0.237 (-0.257,0.731) 70.05% (63.99%,76.11%) 

Midwest 66.00% (60.17%,71.83%) 0.081 (-0.412,0.573) 66.72% (60.83%,72.61%) 

West 66.68% (58.17%,75.19%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 64.94% (55.91%,73.97%) 

Department Type (0.0286) 

All Career 84.14%2,3 (79.02%,89.26%) 0.539 (-0.011,1.089) 81.58%2,3 (73.68%,89.48%) 

All Volunteer 72.31%1 (66.79%,77.84%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 72.18%1 (66.39%,77.97%) 

Combination 66.39%1 (62.03%,70.74%) -0.254 (-0.625,0.117) 66.85%1 (62.39%,71.31%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.7007) 

Urban 76.57%2 (71.08%,82.05%) 0.087 (-0.359,0.533) 70.99% (63.00%,78.98%) 

Rural/Missing 67.70%1 (63.88%,71.51%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 69.19% (65.50%,72.89%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.5505) 

50,000+ 81.12%3 (75.27%,86.96%) 0.211 (-0.412,0.833) 72.35% (61.41%,83.29%) 

5,000-50,000 73.91%3 (69.25%,78.57%) 0.203 (-0.165,0.570) 72.19% (66.82%,77.56%) 0 – 5,000 66.41%1,2 (61.89%,70.93%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 68.01% (63.41%,72.61%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.6175) 

Fatality with Investigation 77.85%3 (70.11%,85.59%) 0.154 (-0.332,0.641) 72.55% (63.29%,81.80%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 75.44% (65.99%,84.88%) 0.221 (-0.313,0.754) 73.83% (64.12%,83.54%) No Fatality 69.36%1 (66.05%,72.67%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 69.44% (66.14%,72.73%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.9065) 

Fire Chief 68.59% (64.70%,72.49%) 0.029 (-0.394,0.451) 69.37% (65.55%,73.20%) 

Safety Officer 79.26% (64.17%,94.35%) 0.380 (-0.635,1.396) 76.20% (59.13%,93.27%) 

Training Officer 71.68% (60.21%,83.14%) 0.063 (-0.621,0.747) 70.08% (58.07%,82.10%) 

Other/Missing 70.50% (63.02%,77.97%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 68.78% (60.86%,76.70%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 75 of 84 
Model 76: Q52c. Agree/disagree with the following statements about the NIOSH recommendations: Recommend

concrete - Agree or Strongly Agree 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 57.99% (54.52%,61.45%) 0.269 (-0.271,0.810) 57.99% (54.52%,61.45%) Region (0.3219) 

Northeast 61.22% (54.23%,68.20%) 0.181 (-0.310,0.671) 61.02% (53.87%,68.18%) 

South 60.25% (53.92%,66.58%) 0.152 (-0.310,0.614) 60.35% (54.00%,66.69%) 

Midwest 53.07% (46.99%,59.14%) -0.133 (-0.592,0.326) 53.41% (47.30%,59.52%) 

West 57.30% (48.28%,66.32%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 56.68% (47.34%,66.02%) 

Department Type (0.3765) 

All Career 67.98%2,3 (61.23%,74.74%) 0.334 (-0.146,0.813) 65.35% (54.96%,75.74%) 

All Volunteer 57.92%1 (51.80%,64.04%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 57.52% (51.11%,63.93%) 

Combination 57.02%1 (52.46%,61.59%) 0.001 (-0.342,0.345) 57.55% (52.84%,62.25%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.4921) 

Urban 62.96% (56.63%,69.29%) 0.142 (-0.263,0.547) 60.71% (52.34%,69.09%) 

Rural/Missing 56.72% (52.68%,60.76%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 57.31% (53.30%,61.32%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.9940) 

50,000+ 66.74%3 (59.79%,73.69%) 0.004 (-0.550,0.558) 58.19% (46.54%,69.84%) 

5,000-50,000 58.99% (53.75%,64.23%) -0.015 (-0.352,0.322) 57.75% (51.92%,63.57%) 

0 – 5,000 56.94%1 (52.19%,61.68%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 58.10% (53.18%,63.03%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.6415) 

Fatality with Investigation 66.05% (57.44%,74.67%) 0.174 (-0.252,0.599) 62.04% (52.36%,71.72%) Fatality - No Investigation 62.59% (52.10%,73.07%) 0.137 (-0.338,0.611) 61.17% (50.51%,71.84%) No Fatality 57.85% (54.31%,61.39%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 57.91% (54.38%,61.44%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.7688) 

Fire Chief 56.89% (52.72%,61.06%) -0.073 (-0.460,0.314) 57.37% (53.21%,61.52%) Safety Officer 69.99% (53.85%,86.14%) 0.363 (-0.508,1.234) 67.48% (49.68%,85.28%) 

Training Officer 58.07% (45.57%,70.56%) -0.083 (-0.699,0.534) 57.13% (44.37%,69.89%) Other/Missing 60.07% (52.21%,67.93%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 59.13% (50.94%,67.32%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 76 of 84 
Model 77: Q53. What other NIOSH materials have you seen: Pocket guide to chemical hazards 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 57.41% (54.43%,60.40%) 0.303 (-0.177,0.784) 57.41% (54.43%,60.40%) Region (0.0216) 

Northeast 66.81%2,3 (60.64%,72.99%) 0.230 (-0.232,0.692) 65.60%2,3 (59.19%,72.02%) 

South 52.32%1 (46.91%,57.73%) -0.327 (-0.747,0.094) 52.60%1 (47.18%,58.01%) Midwest 54.66%1 (49.51%,59.80%) -0.200 (-0.619,0.219) 55.65%1 (50.51%,60.78%) West 61.01% (52.83%,69.18%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 60.38% (52.08%,68.69%) 

Department Type (0.4048) 

All Career 77.13%2,3 (71.27%,82.99%) 0.194 (-0.281,0.669) 63.55% (53.35%,73.75%) 

All Volunteer 58.99%1 (53.60%,64.38%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 59.11% (53.62%,64.61%) 

Combination 54.87%1 (51.02%,58.72%) -0.128 (-0.423,0.166) 56.09% (52.21%,59.96%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.0183) 

Urban 73.68%2 (68.13%,79.24%) 0.476* (0.081,0.871) 66.70%2 (58.78%,74.61%) 

Rural/Missing 54.03%1 (50.61%,57.45%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 55.72%1 (52.37%,59.06%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0005) 

50,000+ 85.22%2,3 (80.33%,90.10%) 1.129* (0.564,1.693) 78.73%2,3 (70.08%,87.37%) 

5,000-50,000 64.81%1,3 (60.28%,69.34%) 0.262 (-0.033,0.558) 61.27%1 (56.06%,66.48%) 

0 – 5,000 52.87%1,2 (48.90%,56.83%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 55.04%1 (50.98%,59.09%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.4502) 

Fatality with Investigation 68.32%3 (60.17%,76.47%) 0.037 (-0.398,0.471) 58.19% (48.29%,68.10%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 67.43%3 (57.83%,77.04%) 0.305 (-0.170,0.781) 64.33% (54.17%,74.49%) No Fatality 57.23%1,2 (54.19%,60.26%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 57.34% (54.31%,60.36%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.9627) 

Fire Chief 56.78% (53.14%,60.41%) 0.021 (-0.303,0.346) 57.66% (54.06%,61.27%) Safety Officer 61.07% (44.25%,77.89%) -0.188 (-0.985,0.610) 52.71% (34.69%,70.73%) Training Officer 60.47% (49.46%,71.48%) 0.010 (-0.553,0.573) 57.40% (45.80%,68.99%) Other/Missing 58.00% (51.47%,64.53%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 57.16% (50.54%,63.78%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 77 of 84 
Model 78: Q53. What other NIOSH materials have you seen: Respirator maintenance program guide 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 13.78% (11.81%,15.75%) -2.977* (-3.641,-2.313) 13.78% (11.81%,15.75%) 

Region (0.3658) 

Northeast 16.99%4 (12.29%,21.69%) 0.528 (-0.067,1.123) 15.55% (11.03%,20.06%) 

South 13.06% (9.57%,16.56%) 0.385 (-0.176,0.945) 13.79% (10.05%,17.54%) 

Midwest 13.95% (10.50%,17.40%) 0.405 (-0.147,0.958) 14.03% (10.56%,17.50%) 

West 9.76%1 (5.67%,13.84%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 9.88% (5.75%,14.00%) 

Department Type (0.1653) 

All Career 20.06%2 (15.01%,25.11%) 0.031 (-0.511,0.574) 11.68% (6.74%,16.62%) 

All Volunteer 11.32%1 (8.35%,14.28%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 11.36% (8.37%,14.36%) 

Combination 14.62% (11.88%,17.37%) 0.363 (-0.024,0.750) 15.46% (12.58%,18.33%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.2270) 

Urban 20.28%2 (15.53%,25.03%) 0.277 (-0.173,0.726) 16.51% (11.22%,21.79%) 

Rural/Missing 12.43%1 (10.27%,14.60%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 13.09% (10.87%,15.31%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0003) 

50,000+ 26.25%2,3 (20.13%,32.38%) 1.187* (0.592,1.782) 29.55%2,3 (18.72%,40.38%) 

5,000-50,000 17.99%1,3 (14.39%,21.60%) 0.480* (0.114,0.846) 17.29%1,3 (13.60%,20.98%) 0 – 5,000 11.34%1,2 (8.90%,13.78%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 11.51%1,2 (9.03%,13.98%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.5094) 

Fatality with Investigation 21.07%3 (14.05%,28.08%) 0.161 (-0.318,0.639) 15.69% (9.64%,21.75%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 19.10% (11.44%,26.76%) 0.281 (-0.259,0.822) 17.31% (10.09%,24.52%) No Fatality 13.67%1 (11.67%,15.68%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 13.73% (11.72%,15.73%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.3846) 

Fire Chief 14.21% (11.76%,16.66%) 0.311 (-0.160,0.782) 14.38% (11.92%,16.84%) Safety Officer 13.52% (3.73%,23.32%) 0.022 (-0.919,0.963) 11.23% (2.56%,19.91%) 

Training Officer 17.96% (9.66%,26.26%) 0.553 (-0.146,1.253) 17.55% (9.21%,25.89%) 

Other/Missing 11.09% (7.20%,14.98%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 11.02% (7.03%,15.01%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 78 of 84 
Model 79: Q53. What other NIOSH materials have you seen: CDs of firefighter program materials 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 27.99% (25.31%,30.67%) -1.187* (-1.686,-0.688) 27.99% (25.31%,30.67%) 

Region (0.8145) 

Northeast 31.24% (25.24%,37.24%) 0.130 (-0.348,0.608) 30.51% (24.35%,36.67%) South 26.32% (21.65%,30.99%) -0.057 (-0.499,0.385) 26.71% (21.96%,31.47%) 

Midwest 27.39% (22.80%,31.98%) -0.013 (-0.457,0.432) 27.59% (22.98%,32.20%) 

West 28.15% (20.82%,35.48%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 27.84% (20.39%,35.29%) 

Department Type (0.9828) 

All Career 34.53% (27.97%,41.09%) -0.017 (-0.480,0.446) 27.38% (18.72%,36.04%) All Volunteer 27.51% (22.79%,32.24%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 27.72% (22.84%,32.60%) Combination 27.70% (24.23%,31.18%) 0.024 (-0.292,0.340) 28.20% (24.60%,31.80%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.3009) 

Urban 34.01%2 (28.29%,39.74%) 0.211 (-0.189,0.611) 31.56% (24.02%,39.10%) 

Rural/Missing 26.74%1 (23.73%,29.74%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 27.21% (24.16%,30.26%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.1465) 

50,000+ 41.21%2,3 (34.50%,47.92%) 0.504 (-0.025,1.032) 38.06% (27.24%,48.88%) 

5,000-50,000 30.07%1 (25.65%,34.49%) 0.086 (-0.240,0.413) 28.86% (23.98%,33.75%) 0 – 5,000 26.48%1 (23.02%,29.94%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 27.13% (23.43%,30.83%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.0022) 

Fatality with Investigation 47.86%2,3 (39.18%,56.54%) 0.677* (0.296,1.058) 43.03%3 (33.99%,52.08%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 32.76%1 (23.37%,42.14%) 0.175 (-0.279,0.629) 31.46% (22.14%,40.79%) 

No Fatality 27.80%1 (25.07%,30.52%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 27.84%1 (25.12%,30.56%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.7631) 

Fire Chief 28.20% (24.95%,31.45%) 0.158 (-0.186,0.501) 28.49% (25.22%,31.77%) Safety Officer 31.62% (16.41%,46.82%) 0.151 (-0.644,0.946) 28.37% (13.15%,43.58%) 

Training Officer 31.55% (21.07%,42.03%) 0.266 (-0.308,0.840) 30.74% (20.15%,41.32%) Other/Missing 25.68% (20.09%,31.26%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 25.42% (19.79%,31.04%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 79 of 84 
Model 80: Q53. What other NIOSH materials have you seen: Alerts 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 31.71% (29.01%,34.41%) -1.458* (-1.940,-0.975) 31.71% (29.01%,34.41%) 

Region (0.1348) 

Northeast 38.76%2,3 (32.46%,45.07%) 0.119 (-0.330,0.568) 36.55%3 (30.20%,42.90%) 

South 29.81%1 (25.08%,34.54%) -0.147 (-0.558,0.264) 30.94% (26.08%,35.79%) 

Midwest 27.26%1 (22.79%,31.73%) -0.302 (-0.715,0.112) 27.88%1 (23.42%,32.34%) 

West 34.89% (27.51%,42.27%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 33.99% (26.76%,41.21%) 

Department Type (0.9953) 

All Career 49.44%2,3 (42.99%,55.89%) -0.019 (-0.448,0.410) 31.46% (23.38%,39.54%) 

All Volunteer 32.14%1 (27.46%,36.82%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 31.85% (27.10%,36.60%) Combination 29.98%1 (26.43%,33.52%) -0.010 (-0.311,0.291) 31.66% (28.01%,35.30%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.0623) 

Urban 47.32%2 (41.27%,53.36%) 0.364 (-0.019,0.747) 38.07% (30.43%,45.70%) 

Rural/Missing 28.46%1 (25.46%,31.47%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 30.26% (27.18%,33.34%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0000) 

50,000+ 62.95%2,3 (56.62%,69.27%) 1.387* (0.896,1.878) 59.00%2,3 (48.85%,69.15%) 

5,000-50,000 41.33%1,3 (36.64%,46.03%) 0.541* (0.237,0.845) 38.75%1,3 (33.68%,43.82%) 0 – 5,000 26.00%1,2 (22.58%,29.43%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 27.19%1,2 (23.54%,30.83%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.2418) 

Fatality with Investigation 48.42%3 (39.72%,57.13%) 0.242 (-0.151,0.635) 36.73% (28.33%,45.13%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 41.73%3 (31.91%,51.56%) 0.301 (-0.165,0.766) 38.01% (28.08%,47.95%) No Fatality 31.48%1,2 (28.73%,34.23%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 31.60% (28.86%,34.34%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.0022) 

Fire Chief 32.63%4 (29.30%,35.96%) 0.607* (0.255,0.959) 33.73%4 (30.41%,37.05%) 

Safety Officer 43.69%4 (27.52%,59.86%) 0.654 (-0.130,1.437) 34.73% (18.76%,50.69%) 

Training Officer 43.44%4 (32.19%,54.70%) 0.891* (0.315,1.467) 40.00%4 (28.57%,51.43%) 

Other/Missing 23.31%1,2,3 (18.19%,28.42%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 22.20%1,3 (17.14%,27.26%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 80 of 84 
Model 81: Q53. What other NIOSH materials have you seen: Hazard IDs 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 16.60% (14.36%,18.84%) -1.759* (-2.353,-1.165) 16.60% (14.36%,18.84%) 

Region (0.4670) 

Northeast 19.82% (14.62%,25.02%) 0.173 (-0.374,0.721) 19.48% (14.19%,24.77%) South 14.09% (10.29%,17.90%) -0.201 (-0.726,0.324) 14.28% (10.45%,18.11%) 

Midwest 16.84% (13.03%,20.66%) 0.000 (-0.511,0.511) 16.91% (13.07%,20.75%) 

West 17.10% (11.12%,23.07%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 16.91% (10.91%,22.90%) 

Department Type (0.7912) 

All Career 18.49% (13.48%,23.50%) -0.064 (-0.608,0.481) 14.88% (8.29%,21.46%) 

All Volunteer 15.43% (11.47%,19.39%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 15.70% (11.58%,19.81%) Combination 17.09% (14.18%,20.01%) 0.115 (-0.278,0.509) 17.27% (14.25%,20.30%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.8995) 

Urban 18.86% (14.07%,23.64%) 0.030 (-0.442,0.503) 16.95% (11.12%,22.78%) 

Rural/Missing 16.13% (13.62%,18.65%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 16.52% (13.98%,19.07%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.1853) 

50,000+ 23.92%3 (17.90%,29.93%) 0.566 (-0.044,1.176) 24.80% (14.80%,34.80%) 

5,000-50,000 17.71% (14.02%,21.40%) 0.130 (-0.247,0.508) 17.61% (13.61%,21.61%) 0 – 5,000 15.79%1 (12.89%,18.68%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 15.80% (12.80%,18.81%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.4817) 

Fatality with Investigation 22.91% (15.74%,30.07%) 0.256 (-0.184,0.696) 20.37% (13.45%,27.29%) Fatality - No Investigation 19.56% (11.48%,27.63%) 0.142 (-0.401,0.685) 18.60% (10.75%,26.44%) No Fatality 16.53% (14.25%,18.80%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 16.55% (14.28%,18.82%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.9655) 

Fire Chief 16.65% (13.90%,19.40%) 0.032 (-0.384,0.449) 16.61% (13.86%,19.36%) Safety Officer 20.87% (8.55%,33.20%) 0.216 (-0.599,1.031) 19.30% (7.54%,31.05%) 

Training Officer 16.57% (8.66%,24.49%) 0.036 (-0.633,0.706) 16.66% (8.64%,24.69%) 

Other/Missing 15.88% (11.13%,20.62%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 16.17% (11.31%,21.03%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 81 of 84 
Model 82: Q53. What other NIOSH materials have you seen: Workplace Solutions 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 12.50% (10.55%,14.44%) -1.974* (-2.589,-1.358) 12.50% (10.55%,14.44%) 

Region (0.1956) 

Northeast 15.25% (10.58%,19.92%) -0.106 (-0.689,0.476) 14.75% (9.97%,19.53%) 

South 11.24% (7.89%,14.60%) -0.402 (-0.949,0.144) 11.42% (7.98%,14.86%) 

Midwest 10.43% (7.45%,13.41%) -0.504 (-1.047,0.039) 10.44% (7.44%,13.45%) West 15.85% (10.24%,21.47%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 16.12% (10.33%,21.91%) 

Department Type (0.8355) 

All Career 13.58% (9.14%,18.03%) -0.181 (-0.775,0.413) 10.97% (5.52%,16.43%) 

All Volunteer 12.97% (9.51%,16.43%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 12.85% (9.29%,16.41%) 

Combination 12.14% (9.63%,14.66%) -0.036 (-0.456,0.383) 12.45% (9.83%,15.08%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.8887) 

Urban 14.78% (10.51%,19.05%) -0.035 (-0.531,0.461) 12.19% (7.60%,16.78%) 

Rural/Missing 12.02% (9.85%,14.19%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 12.57% (10.34%,14.81%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0401) 

50,000+ 17.08%3 (11.83%,22.33%) 0.750* (0.092,1.408) 20.23% (10.86%,29.61%) 

5,000-50,000 15.73%3 (12.22%,19.24%) 0.440* (0.036,0.845) 15.72%3 (11.92%,19.53%) 0 – 5,000 10.83%1,2 (8.41%,13.25%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 10.75%2 (8.30%,13.21%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.3741) 

Fatality with Investigation 17.12% (10.83%,23.41%) 0.254 (-0.237,0.746) 15.44% (9.28%,21.59%) Fatality - No Investigation 16.97% (9.50%,24.44%) 0.313 (-0.260,0.886) 16.20% (8.88%,23.53%) 

No Fatality 12.41% (10.44%,14.39%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 12.43% (10.46%,14.40%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.3632) 

Fire Chief 13.23% (10.78%,15.68%) 0.275 (-0.193,0.743) 13.51% (11.00%,16.01%) Safety Officer 8.81% (1.66%,15.96%) -0.432 (-1.391,0.526) 7.19% (1.28%,13.10%) 

Training Officer 11.90% (4.92%,18.89%) 0.047 (-0.746,0.841) 11.08% (4.25%,17.92%) 

Other/Missing 10.80% (7.03%,14.57%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 10.63% (6.82%,14.44%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. 

eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. 

fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 82 of 84 
Model 83: Q53. What other NIOSH materials have you seen: None. I have not seen any NIOSH materials. 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 25.18% (22.51%,27.85%) -0.779* (-1.345,-0.212) 25.18% (22.51%,27.85%) 

Region (0.1085) 

Northeast 18.24%2,3 (13.15%,23.32%) -0.193 (-0.749,0.363) 19.46%2,3 (14.06%,24.86%) 

South 28.20%1 (23.21%,33.20%) 0.275 (-0.222,0.772) 27.56%1 (22.65%,32.47%) Midwest 28.11%1 (23.37%,32.85%) 0.274 (-0.221,0.770) 27.55%1 (22.87%,32.23%) West 22.38% (15.18%,29.59%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 22.58% (15.32%,29.83%) 

Department Type (0.8463) 

All Career 14.12%2,3 (8.92%,19.32%) 0.165 (-0.446,0.776) 28.41% (17.01%,39.81%) 

All Volunteer 24.98%1 (20.13%,29.83%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 25.32% (20.31%,30.32%) 

Combination 26.22%1 (22.80%,29.64%) -0.020 (-0.362,0.322) 24.96% (21.60%,28.31%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.2815) 

Urban 14.07%2 (9.67%,18.48%) -0.272 (-0.768,0.223) 21.07% (13.61%,28.53%) 

Rural/Missing 27.49%1 (24.40%,30.58%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 25.78% (22.86%,28.70%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.0000) 

50,000+ 5.47%2,3 (2.31%,8.63%) -1.998* (-2.812,-1.184) 5.46%2,3 (1.51%,9.42%) 

5,000-50,000 15.86%1,3 (12.35%,19.37%) -0.733* (-1.094,-0.372) 16.89%1,3 (12.87%,20.90%) 0 – 5,000 30.26%1,2 (26.60%,33.92%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 29.54%1,2 (25.77%,33.30%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.0249) 

Fatality with Investigation 10.24%3 (4.85%,15.63%) -0.671* (-1.312,-0.030) 15.05%3 (7.21%,22.89%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 14.04%3 (6.64%,21.44%) -0.623 (-1.275,0.028) 15.65%3 (7.50%,23.81%) 

No Fatality 25.41%1,2 (22.70%,28.12%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 25.33%1,2 (22.62%,28.03%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.3965) 

Fire Chief 24.81% (21.60%,28.02%) -0.230 (-0.599,0.138) 24.24% (21.07%,27.42%) Safety Officer 26.89% (10.73%,43.04%) 0.260 (-0.699,1.219) 33.85% (14.42%,53.28%) 

Training Officer 19.49% (10.37%,28.61%) -0.404 (-1.069,0.260) 21.30% (11.74%,30.85%) Other/Missing 27.98% (21.89%,34.06%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 28.54% (22.36%,34.71%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 83 of 84 
Model 84: Q53a. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with these NIOSH materials? - Satisfied or Very Satisfied 

Prevalenceb Betac Predicted Marginald 

Characteristica Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval Estimate Conf Interval 

Intercept 69.73% (66.56%,72.90%) 0.313 (-0.243,0.869) 69.73% (66.56%,72.90%) Region (0.0822) 

Northeast 70.84% (64.29%,77.39%) 0.442 (-0.086,0.969) 70.92% (64.30%,77.55%) South 74.41%4 (68.80%,80.01%) 0.617* (0.122,1.111) 74.33%4 (68.73%,79.92%) 

Midwest 66.65% (61.01%,72.29%) 0.278 (-0.206,0.761) 67.52% (61.95%,73.09%) West 63.30%2 (54.56%,72.05%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 61.33%2 (52.14%,70.52%) 

Department Type (0.0106) 

All Career 83.45%2,3 (78.14%,88.76%) 0.435 (-0.133,1.003) 81.97%3 (73.87%,90.07%) 

All Volunteer 74.58%1,3 (69.20%,79.96%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 74.75%3 (69.14%,80.36%) 

Combination 65.68%1,2 (61.42%,69.94%) -0.438* (-0.819,-0.057) 65.82%1,2 (61.41%,70.23%) 

Jurisdiction Type (0.3669) 

Urban 76.40%2 (70.80%,82.00%) 0.202 (-0.237,0.642) 73.05% (65.51%,80.59%) 

Rural/Missing 68.10%1 (64.40%,71.80%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 69.00% (65.39%,72.61%) 

Jurisdiction Sizef 

(0.9707) 

50,000+ 79.82%3 (73.71%,85.93%) 0.033 (-0.611,0.677) 70.10% (58.37%,81.84%) 

5,000-50,000 72.59% (67.91%,77.26%) 0.044 (-0.313,0.401) 70.33% (65.01%,75.64%) 0 – 5,000 67.62%1 (63.24%,72.00%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 69.42% (65.03%,73.81%) 

FFFIPP/ Fatality (0.0038) 

Fatality with Investigation 89.74%2,3 (84.11%,95.37%) 1.102* (0.455,1.748) 87.05%2,3 (79.98%,94.13%) 

Fatality - No Investigation 71.68%1 (61.95%,81.41%) 0.059 (-0.453,0.572) 70.80%1 (60.95%,80.65%) 

No Fatality 69.54%1 (66.30%,72.77%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 69.59%1 (66.37%,72.82%) 

Who Completed Survey (Q62) (0.1146) 

Fire Chief 70.00% (66.17%,73.82%) 0.397 (-0.000,0.794) 70.98% (67.22%,74.75%) Safety Officer 72.06% (54.62%,89.50%) 0.282 (-0.730,1.294) 68.62% (48.21%,89.03%) 

Training Officer 78.47%4 (68.05%,88.89%) 0.743* (0.050,1.436) 77.42%4 (66.86%,87.98%) 

Other/Missing 65.36%3 (58.08%,72.64%) 0.000 (0.000,0.000) 62.45%3 (54.73%,70.18%) 

aNumbers in parentheses in this column are the p-values associated with tests of whether all betas for the effect are simultaneously equal to zero. bWeighted prevalence estimate. cBeta associated with the logistic model. dPredicted Marginal. This is the average predicted response of all the observations assuming all observations were in the effect specified by the row

the model. eAdjusted Odds Ratio. This provides a measure of the probability that the dependent measure occurs for the effect specified in the row relative to th

measure occurs for the reference level of the effect, while controlling on all other variables. fEstimated Population Covered 

*Indicates estimate is significantly different from zero (for Betas and Adjusted Odds Ratio only). 

Note: A superscript numeral indicates that the estimate is significantly different from the estimate in the row number denoted by the superscript. 

Page 84 of 84 
D

Nonresponse 

Follow-up Survey 

Forms 

Exhibit D-1. Nonresponse Survey Instrument 

Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation 

RTI PROJECT 0208235.030.009 

Nonresponse Follow-up Survey 

Case ID # ________________ 

TI Name ________________ 

Date of Interview ____________2006 

DID RESPONDENT GIVE CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE? 

 YES  NO 

DO NOT READ TEXT IN ALL CAPS 

SECTION 1. TRAINING AND SAFETY 

1. Does your department have a Safety Officer?

 No Î SKIP TO QUESTION 9

 Yes 

1a. What kind of a position does your Safety Officer have within your department? Is 

the Safety Officer position a ... 

Full-time paid position 

Part-time paid position 

 Volunteer position 

Other (Please specify:_____________________________) 

SECTION 2. HEALTH AND SAFETY INFORMATION 

9. How familiar are you with NIOSH's Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention 

Program (FFFIPP)? Would you say... 

Not at All Familiar 

Not Very Familiar 

 Somewhat Familiar 

 Very Familiar 

11.	 In what ways has your department used NIOSH recommendations? Have you.... 

MARK ALL THAT APPLY 

Made changes to training program?
 

Developed new SOPs/SOGs?
 

Made changes to SOPs/SOGs? 

 Justified current budget/staffing?
 

Made new budget/staffing requests?
 

Justified grant applications? 

DOES NOT APPLY. WE HAVE NOT USED NIOSH RECOMMENDATIONS. 

Î SKIP TO QUESTION 13 

1 
11a. Please describe the changes you made: 

11b. Can you identify topics of NIOSH recommendations that you have used for

 training purposes? Have you used NIOSH recommendations concerning ____ for 

training purposes? MARK ALL THAT APPLY

 Traffic hazards 

Personal protective equipment and clothing 

SCBAs 

PASS systems 

Incident Command systems 

 Radio communications 

Physical fitness and cardiovascular disease (CVD) 

Building code compliance (e.g., warning against the use of wooden 

trusses) 

Another topic (Please specify: _______________________ 

________________________________________________) 

DOES NOT APPLY. WE HAVE NOT USED NIOSH 

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TRAINING PURPOSES. 

SECTION 3. FITNESS AND WELL-BEING 

13. How often do your firefighters receive screenings for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk 

factors? Would you say ... 

One time, when they first join the department 

Less frequently than once a year 

One time a year 

More than time a year 

DOES NOT APPLY. FIREFIGHTERS ARE NOT REQUIRED TO RECEIVE

 CVD SCREENINGS. 

SECTION 4. DRIVING SAFETY 

18. About how often do you think your firefighters use their seatbelts when riding in the 

emergency vehicles? Would you say ... 

Never 

Some of the time 

About half the time 

Most of the time 

Always 

2 
SECTION 5. STRUCTURE FIRES 

The following questions ask about your department’s experience with as well as policies and 

procedures for dealing with structure fires. 

20.	 Of the emergency calls your department responded to in the past 12 months, about how 

many of these were structure fires? 

Total number of structure fires __________ 

21.	 How often is Incident Command established when responding to structure fires? Would you 

say ... 

Never 

Rarely 

About half the time 

Most of the time 

Always 

24.	 About how often does an Incident Commander assign an Incident Safety Officer when 

responding to structure fires? Would you say... 

Never 

Some of the time 

About half the time 

Most of the time 

Always 

32.	 Does your department have Self Contained Breathing Apparatuses (SCBA) for your 

firefighters to use when combating structure fires?

 NO Î SKIP TO QUESTION 45

 YES 

33. Do your firefighters ever have to share facepieces for SCBAs?

 NO 

YES 

SECTION 6. EDUCATIONAL MATERIAL 

The following questions ask about your policies and procedures for providing educational material 

to firefighters and others within your department. 

45. Have you read part or all of a NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation report in the last 

 12 months?

 NO Î SKIP TO QUESTION 62

 YES 

3 
47. Overall, how would you rate the amount of detail in the NIOSH reports? Would you 

say... 

Too little detail 

About the right amount of detail 

 Too much detail 

50.	 Does the fire department disseminate the information it receives from NIOSH to the 

firefighters? 

NO Î SKIP TO QUESTION 51

 YES 

50a. How is this information disseminated to firefighters? Is it disseminated through ... 

MARK ALL THAT APPLY. 

 Regular staff meetings?

 Training sessions?

 Provide copies of NIOSH reports to firefighters?

 Provide copies of NIOSH report summaries to firefighters?

 Provide summaries prepared by department to firefighters? 

Postings on bulletin boards?

 Post report on the department website? 

 Send message to firefighters by email?

 Another means? (Please specify:______________________ 

_______________________________________________) 

51.	 NIOSH reports always include recommendations that are designed to help improve the 

health and safety of firefighters. How much do you agree or disagree with the following 

statements about the NIOSH recommendations? Please tell me if you strongly agree, 

disagree, neither agree nor disagree, agree, or strongly agree. 

Strongly 

Disagree Disagree 

Neither 

Agree 

nor 

Disagree 

Agree Strongly 

Agree 

a. Recommendations are 

practical 

b. Recommendations are easy 

to understand 

c. Recommendations are 

specific and concrete 

4 
SECTION 7. YOUR DEPARTMENT INFORMATION 

62. What is your position in the fire department? [WHO COMPLETED THIS SURVEY?]

 Fire Chief 

 Safety officer 

 Training officer 

Other (Please specify:_________________________________________) 

Those are all the questions we have for you. Thank you for taking the time to answer this 

survey! 

5 

Exhibit D-2. Informed Consent Script 

Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation

(RTI Project 0208235.030.009) 

Introduction and Informed Consent Script 

Step 1: Confirm Fire Department Identity 

1.	 CORRECT FIRE DEPARTMENT? 

 YES Î SKIP TO 3 

 NO 

2.	 Hello, is this the ______ [NAME OF FIRE DEPARTMENT] ? 

 YES Î SKIP TO 3 

 NO 

OR, FOR NON-BUSINESS NUMBERS: 

Hello, I’m calling to speak to [Chief _____ / the Chief] of the _____ Fire Department. 

IF THE NAME OF THE DEPARTMENT, FIRE CHIEF OR PHONE NUMBER HAS 

CHANGED, PROBE: 

Does this fire department still exist?
 

OR
 

Can you tell me the name of the current Fire Chief for this Fire Department?
 

OR
 

I’m sorry. I must have the wrong number for that department. Do you happen to 

have the correct number?
 

 YES 

Î OBTAIN CORRECT PHONE NUMBER AND RECORD ON 

CONTACT SHEET 

 YES, BUT IT HAS MERGED WITH ANOTHER DEPARTMENT 

Î CODE INELIGIBLE ON CONTACT SHEET 

Okay, in that case I won’t need any additional information from you. 

Thank you so much for your time! 

 NO (PROBE, IF NEEDED, TO DETERMINE IF FIRE DEPARTMENT IS STILL A 

SELF-STANDING DEPARTMENT) 

Î IF NOT, CODE INELIGIBLE ON CONTACT SHEET 

Okay, in that case I won’t need any additional information from you. 

Thank you so much for your time! 

 OTHER (EXPLAIN: ___________________________________) 

1 
Step 2: Identify Respondent 

3. (Hello, I’m calling on behalf of the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health.) 

May I speak with Chief ___ [LAST NAME]?
 

OR
 

May I speak with the Fire Chief?
 

WRONG NAME: 

I’m sorry. The name we had on our records must be out of date. I’d like to speak 

with the current Fire Chief. Could you tell me his or her name? Î RECORD 

NAME OF FIRE CHIEF ON CONTACT SHEET 

May I speak with Chief ___ [CORRECT LAST NAME] ? 

CHIEF IS UNAVAILABLE: 

Is there another officer on duty I could speak with about a research study? 

 YES CHIEF IS UNAVAILABLE, BUT SOMEONE ELSE IS: 

 (TRY TO TALK TO ANOTHER OFFICER SUCH AS THE ASSISTANT CHIEF, A 

BATTALION CHIEF, ADMINISTRATIVE CHIEF, TRAINING OFFICER, OR SAFETY 

OFFICER.) 

Î NOTE NAME OF PROXY RESPONDENT ON CONTACT SHEET 

Thank you. May I speak with ____ [PROXY RESPONDENT] ? 

 NO CHIEF IS UNAVAILABLE. CALL BACK: 

Thank you. I’ll try to call again later. Could you tell me when would be a good 

time to call him/her back? 

Î NOTE POSSIBLE CALL BACK TIMES ON CONTACT SHEET 

2 
 

STEP 3: Initial Contact with Fire Chief (or Proxy) 

Hello, this is ____ [YOUR NAME], calling from RTI International in North Carolina. I’m calling 

in connection with a study that the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health 

(NIOSH) is conducting. NIOSH is an agency in the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and 

Prevention (CDC). We sent a questionnaire to your department a few weeks ago, and I’m just 

following up to ask a few questions. 

“If you send me a new copy of the questionnaire, I’ll fill it out for you.” 

Thank you. I’ll be glad to send it. Just to confirm the mailing address, is it: 

___________ [RESPONDENT’S NAME] ? 

___________ [STREET ADDRESS – NOT P.O. BOX] ?
 

___________ [CITY] ____ [STATE] ________ [ZIP] ?
 

Î CORRECT ADDRESS AS NEEDED ON CONTACT SHEET 

OPTIONAL [WE HAVE LIMITED COPIES AVAILABLE; NOT ENOUGH FOR ALL SAMPLE 

MEMBERS.]: 

I’ll also enclose (another) copy of the FFFIPP CD-ROM if you would like one. The CDROM includes all of the FFFIPP reports that have been published. Should I enclose one 

along with the questionnaire? 

Î INDICATE REQUESTS ON THE RESEND QUESTIONNAIRE FORM 

STEP 4: Informed Consent 

In case you didn’t see the materials we sent to you earlier, I need to tell you a few things more 

about why I am calling. This is part of NIOSH’s evaluation of their program to develop 

knowledge about firefighter safety. NIOSH investigates firefighter fatalities and disseminates 

information about the fatalities to the fire service. The program is called FFFIPP (the Fire Fighter 

Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program). NIOSH hired my company, RTI International, 

to conduct this evaluation. The purpose is to help them identify ways of improving their 

dissemination efforts. We have already conducted focus groups in North Carolina and at the 

recent FDIC in Indianapolis and we are just finishing a mail survey of fire departments across the 

country. 

I am calling you today as part of the follow-up to that Fire Department Survey. Your fire 

department was one of the 3,000 fire departments that were selected for that original Fire 

Department Survey. Your department should have received materials about the survey in the 

mail a few weeks ago. For the follow-up telephone calls we are doing now, we randomly 

selected about 200 of the departments that have not yet returned the Fire Department Survey. 

Your department is one of those. 

The interview takes about 4 to 5 minutes. I’d like you to know that participating in this short 

interview is voluntary, and the answers you give me will be kept confidential. Also, the 

information we give NIOSH will not identify the source of information or the identity of the fire 

departments that participate. 

3 
Finally, if you have any questions about this telephone survey or about the study as a whole, you 

can call the study leader, Dr. Kristina Peterson, at RTI. Her toll-free number is 1-800-334-8571, 

x7722. If you have a question about your rights as a study participant, you can also call RTI’s 

Office of Research Protection toll-free at 1-866-214-2043. You may also contact Dr. Michael J. 

Colligan with the NIOSH Human Subjects Review Board (HSRB) at (513) 533-8222. Do you 

have any questions about this telephone follow-up survey? 

If it’s all right, we can just get started now. 

“I don’t have time now” 

I can try to call again later. (We estimate the interview will take 4 to 5 minutes.) Could 

you tell me when would be a good time to call?
 

“If you send me a new copy of the questionnaire, I’ll fill it out for you.” 

SAME PROCEDURE AS ABOVE, STEP 3 

Î ANSWER QUESTIONS, AS NEEDED. INDICATE THAT RESPONDENT GAVE CONSENT AT THE 

TOP OF THE QUESTIONAIRE 

Step 5: Conduct Interview 

[IF THE RESPONDENT DOES NOT OBJECT] 

The first question is..... [GO TO QUESTIONNAIRE] 

4 
Exhibit D-3. Frequently Asked Questions 

Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) Evaluation

(RTI Project 0208235.030.009) 

Frequently Asked Questions 

What is the FFFIPP? 

The Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP) is conducted by the 

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). This program examines fire fighter 

deaths and serious injuries. NIOSH then provides recommendations that may prevent similar 

deaths and injuries from happening again. 

The goals of the program are to: 1. Learn about the events that lead to fire fighter deaths; 2. 

Think of ideas to keep deaths and injuries from occurring again, and 3. Share these strategies 

with the fire service. 

What is the FFFIPP Evaluation? 

The FFFIPP Evaluation will give NIOSH information to improve the value of the program. We 

have already collected information from a mailed survey and from focus groups of active 

firefighters. 

The Fire Department Survey was sent to fire department chiefs. It asks about the training and 

safety procedures at the fire department. It also asks how the FFFIPP reports are used by the 

department. 

How will this evaluation help my department? 

Taking part in this study gives NIOSH the chance to learn what information is useful to your fire 

department. NIOSH will use that knowledge in the Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and 

Prevention Program to better meet your needs. 

Who is doing this evaluation? 

This study is being done by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NIOSH is 

part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the U.S. Department of Health 

and Human Services. NIOSH provides research, products and services to prevent work-related 

illness, injuries, and death. NIOSH and CDC have asked RTI International (RTI) to conduct the 

study. 

What is RTI? 

RTI is a non-profit research organization located in Research Triangle Park, NC. RTI is 

committed to improving the human condition through research. RTI is closely associated with 

Duke University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State 

University. RTI does research for government and industrial clients. 

How did you select my fire department? 

Most fire departments were selected from a list of all fire departments in the country. Some 

departments were chosen at random. Other fire departments were chosen on purpose based on 

their size and whether they have had a FFFIPP investigation. About 3,000 fire departments will 

be asked to answer the Fire Department Survey. 
I am calling because your department was on the original list of departments to participate in the 

Fire Department Survey. Yours is among about 1,400 fire departments that have not yet 

responded to the survey. In order to make certain that our results are as accurate as possible, 

we selected a random sample of about 200 of these fire departments to call and ask a few of the 

questions from the main survey. 

What Does this Interview Involve? 

I will ask you (or someone you designate) a series of about 16 questions over the phone. It takes 

about 4 to 5 minutes to do. There is nothing else involved. 

Are there any risks? 

There are no risks in taking part in the study. 

What will my department get for participating in the survey? 

Participating also gives you the chance to give information to NIOSH about how it communicates 

information from the FFFIPP investigations back to the fire service. We can also ask NIOSH to 

place you or your department on its mailing list for future FFFIPP reports if you are not already 

receiving them. 

How long will it take? 

These questions will take no more than about 4 to 5 minutes to complete. 

Am I required to participate? 

No, your participation is voluntary. You are an important part in this research study, so we hope 

you participate. By answering these few questions, you will help us to determine the reliability of 

the other information we collected from the survey. 

Participating also gives you the chance to give information to NIOSH about how it communicates 

information from the FFFIPP investigations back to the fire service. 

What about confidentiality? 

No identifying facts about you, your fire department, or your co-workers will be seen by anyone 

outside of the research team. We do not use names in our results. The answers we collect from 

you will be combined with answers from other fire departments. 

Where do I get more information? 

Information about FFFIPP is available online at: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firehome.html. 

If you have other questions about this evaluation, you can call Dr. Kristina Peterson at RTI. Her 

toll-free number is 1-800-334-8571, x7722. 

If you have a question about your rights as a study participant, you can also call RTI’s Office of 

Research Protection toll-free at 1-866-214-2043. You may also contact Dr. Michael J. Colligan 

with the NIOSH Human Subjects Review Board (HSRB) at (513) 533-8222. 

If you need help as a result of thinking about these issues, you may contact the National Suicide 

Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273- 
E Focus Group 

Materials 

Exhibit E-1. Announcement 

ANNOUNCEMENTS: Focus Group Recruiting Announcement 

FDIC Fire Engineering Conference (Indianapolis) Announcement: 

Firefighter Safety Research Opportunity 

Are you attending the FDIC Fire Engineering conference in Indianapolis this spring? 

If so, you may be eligible to participate in a focus group on firefighter safety. 

The focus groups are part of a nationwide evaluation of the Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and 

Prevention Program (FFFIPP). This is a program of the National Institute of Occupational Safety 

and Health (NIOSH). NIOSH is part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 

The focus groups will be organized by professional staff from RTI International. RTI is conducting 

the FFFIPP evaluation for NIOSH and CDC. 

The purpose of the focus groups is to tell the researchers about fire safety issues from the 

firefighters’ perspective. 

To be eligible for the focus group, you must have worked with your current fire department for at 

least one year and be an active firefighter who is involved with fire suppression. Most officers are 

not eligible for the focus groups. These include Chiefs, Station Captains or Commanders, Safety 

Officers, Training Officers, and Administrative Officers. 

The focus group will take 1 1⁄2 hours of your time. They will take place at the conference. A meal 

will be provided. Each focus group will have up to 9 participants. 

For further information about these focus groups, please contact Murrey Olmsted at RTI. He can 

be reached toll free at 1-800-334-8571, ext. 5506 or by email at MOlmsted@rti.org. 

 

Exhibit E-2. Screening Script 

Evaluation of the Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation & Prevention Program (FFFIPP) 

Participant Eligibility Screening Form 

Staff initials: ________ 

STEP 1: RECORD CONTACT INFORMATION 

FOCUS GROUP VENUE: Firehouse Expo FDIC – West Other (Specify) _____________ 

Name: __________________________________________________ Eligible? Yes No 

Fire Department: __________________________________________ Agreed? Yes No 

City and State: ______________________________________ Time Zone: EST CST MST PST 

Telephone (DAY): ______________________ Telephone (OTHER): ______________________ 

Best day(s) to call: Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday 

Best time(s) to call: _________ AM PM 

Record of Calls: 

Day Date Time Notes 
STEP 2: CONDUCT SCREENING INTERVIEW 

READ: Hello, this is ______ [NAME] from RTI International. I am calling about the focus group 

discussion on firefighter safety that we are organizing [this Spring / during the upcoming 

____ Conference]. I understand that you may be interested in participating and I wanted to 

tell you some more about it. We are conducting a study on behalf of the National Institute 

for Occupational Safety and Health. It is an evaluation of their Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation and Prevention Program. 

A focus group is a discussion among a small group of people that is facilitated by a 

moderator. The group we are planning will be moderated by a professional moderator from 

RTI. There will be about eight to nine other people in the group with you at the same time. 

The focus group will discuss firefighter safety information, safety guidelines, and common 

problems encountered in using safety practices. We will tape record and take notes during 

the discussion to be certain we get all the information that the group provides. 

You may be able to provide valuable information on how to improve the health and safety of 

firefighters. Before we go any further, I first need to find out if you qualify to participate in 

the focus group. I have just a few questions for you about your own and your department’s 

background. They will take less than five minutes to cover, and they will help me 

understand whether you have the characteristics we need for this study. 

. 

1. Have you been with your current fire department for at least 1 year? 

 NO Î NOT eligible. Thank them and terminate the call 

 YES 

2. Do your duties at the fire department involve fire suppression? 

 NO Î NOT eligible. Thank them and terminate the call 

 YES 

3. What is your job title in your department? 

 Firefighter 

 Chief Î NOT eligible. Thank them and terminate the call 

 Station captain or commander Î NOT eligible. Thank them and terminate the call. 

 Safety officer Î NOT eligible. Thank them and terminate the call 

 Training officer Î NOT eligible. Thank them and terminate the call 

 Administrative officer Î NOT eligible. Thank them and terminate the call 

 Other Î NOT eligible unless their primary role is as a firefighter. 

If other, specify: ____________________________________________ 

4. Are you a career or volunteer firefighter? 

 CAREER FIREFIGHTER 

 VOLUNTEER FIREFIGHTER 

 OTHER (Please specify: ___________________________) 

5. About how many firefighters are currently employed by your fire department? 
 FEWER THAN 30 

 BETWEEN 30 AND 50 

 MORE THAN 50 

6. What kind of jurisdiction does your fire department serve? Is it rural or urban? 

 RURAL 

 URBAN 

READ: It looks like you are eligible to take part in our study. The focus group will be conducted at 

_______________ (PLACE, DATE, & TIME). If you decide to participate, anything say 

during the session will be kept confidential and private. As a way of thanking you for the 

time you spend with us, we will be providing a meal and other refreshments during the 

focus group. Overall, it will take about 1 1⁄2 hours of your time to participate in the study. 

Do you think you would like to participate in the focus group? 

 NO [PROBE] 

 YES 

READ: I’m glad that you are interested. We are currently in the process of compiling a list of 

eligible firefighters. The project team will be making the selections for the groups over the 

next few weeks. I will get back to you then about whether you have been selected for a 

focus group. To make it easier to get back to you later about whether you have been 

selected and to let you know about the schedule of the groups, I would like to ask you for 

some additional contact information. 

NOTE: UPDATE CONTACT INFORMATION ON PAGE 1.
 

STEP 3: INVITE ELIGIBLE PARTICIPANTS 

READ: Hello, this is _________[NAME] from RTI International. If you remember, I recently talked 

with you about participating in a focus group related to an evaluation of the Fire Fighter 

Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program. You had agreed to participate if selected for 

this study, and I am now calling back to let you know the decision of the project team. 

READ: I’m happy to let you know that you have been selected to participate in a focus group. The 

focus group will be conducted at ___________ (PLACE, DATE, & TIME). Overall the focus 

group will take 1 1⁄2 hours. We will provide a meal/other refreshments during the focus 

group discussion. 

NOTE: PROVIDE PARTICIPANT WITH DETAILS OF WHEN AND WHERE THE 

FOCUS GROUPS WILL OCCUR. ANSWER ANY QUESTIONS.
 

STEP 4: MAKE REMINDER CALL TO FOCUS GROUP PARTICIPANTS 

READ: Hello, this is _______ [NAME] from RTI International. I am calling to remind you that we 

will be having a focus group at ________ (PLACE, DATE, & TIME). Are you still planning 

on attending the focus group? (IF NO, ASK WHY. TRY TO FIND A WORK AROUND SO 
HE/SHE CAN ATTEND. IF YES, THEN PROCEED.) I look forward to seeing you at the 

focus group. We will finalize the order for ___ [lunch/ the meal] in the next few days. Do 

you have any dietary restrictions we should know about? 
Exhibit E-3. Consent Form 

Evaluation of the Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation & Prevention Program (FFFIPP) 

Informed Consent for Focus Group Participants 

What is the purpose of this focus group? 

This focus group is part of a research study. The 

study is being conducted by the Centers for 

Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the 

National Institute for Occupational Safety and 

Health (NIOSH). This is one of six focus groups 

that are being held around the country. In 

addition to these focus groups, the overall study 

also includes a survey of fire departments 

across the country. The purpose of the focus 

group is to learn more about how safety 

information is used by fire departments. We are 

interested in the impact of safety guidelines on 

fire departments and firefighters, and in common 

problems encountered in following these safety 

guidelines. In addition, we are interested in how 

we can improve the safety reports and 

guidelines developed by NIOSH’s Fire Fighter 

Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program 

(FFFIPP). The answers from this study can help 

the FFFIPP better serve the needs of fire 

departments and can help prevent future 

firefighter fatalities or injuries. 

Why was I chosen? You are being asked to be 

part of a focus group discussion because you 

responded to announcements or were identified 

by a fire service organization as someone who 

might be interested in being in this study. 

What will happen during the focus group? 

The focus group will last about an hour and a 

half. There will be about eight to nine other 

people in the group with you at the same time. 

The topics for discussion will include how safety 

information is handled in your fire department, 

the impact of safety guidelines on departments 

and firefighters, and common problems 

encountered in using safety practices. We also 

plan to talk about the safety information provided 

by NIOSH and other organizations. Specifically, 

we are interested in your ideas about how we 

can improve the way this information is 

distributed to fire departments and firefighters. 

The focus group will be led by a staff person 

from RTI International (RTI). RTI is a non-profit 

research organization headquartered in 

Research Triangle Park, NC. RTI is conducting 

the focus groups for NIOSH as part of the 

FFFIPP Evaluation. The RTI staff will take notes 

during the focus group. The discussion will also 

be tape recorded. The tapes will help us get 

what all of you have to say. 

We will be providing you with a meal and/or 

other refreshments during the focus group time. 

This is a token of our appreciation for your time 

and your inconvenience for being a part of this 

study. The only cost to you for being in our study 

is the time you spend and what it costs you to 

get here today. 

Can I tell others what is discussed in the 

group? In the course of the focus group you 

may learn certain facts about others in the group 

(or other people who are not in attendance). For 

instance, you may learn their names, what 

department they are from, and the common 

safety problems they encounter. Some of what 

you hear might be private. Please treat all 

information as confidential. We ask that you not 

share any of this information with others. This 

includes not talking about any details of what 

you heard here today outside of this focus 

group. We are asking all the other participants 

agree to do the same. However, we cannot 

guarantee that other participants will not repeat 

things you say in this group outside the group. 

Are there risks? We do not expect any risks to 

you from being in this study. It is an open 

discussion, so it is possible that some of the 

things we discuss could make you feel uneasy. 

You might also talk about private things and 

later wish you had not. 

Will this be kept private? The project will not 

use your name in any written reports. The 

reports will put together what we learn from 

everyone in this study. Everything we learn will 

be kept private by RTI staff to the fullest extent 

of the law. We will keep what you tell us in a 

locked file cabinet or on a secure computer file. 

At the end of the study, we will destroy all 

records that could in any way be linked to you. 

Do I have to participate? You are free to join 

the study or not. You can stop being in the 

discussion at any time. You can also refuse to 

answer any question. Your choice to take part 

will not have any impact on your fire 

department’s benefits from the FFFIPP. 
_______________________________________ _______________________________________ 

Who do I call if I have questions? If you have Colligan with the NIOSH Human Subjects
 

any questions about the study, you can call the Review Board (HSRB) at (513) 533 – 8222. 

Project Leader, Dr. Kristina Peterson. Her toll 

free number is 1-800-334-8571, x7722. If you If you need help as a result of talking about the 

have any questions about your rights as a study issues raised during the focus group discussion, 

participant, you can also call RTI's Office of you may contact the National Suicide Prevention 

Research Protection and Ethics toll-free at 1- Lifeline at 1-800-273-TALK (8255).
 

866-214-2043. You may also call Dr. Michael J. 

By signing below, you are saying it is your choice to be in this study. You are also saying we have 

given you a copy of this consent form. If there is any part of this form that is not clear to you, be sure 

to ask about it. You are also saying you have read this form and you agree to the terms above. Sign 

here only when you have gotten answers to all your questions and you are ready to be a part of this 

study. 

 Name Date 

2 
Exhibit E-4. Moderator’s Guide Form Approved
 

OMB No. ______
 

Exp. Date: ______
 

Evaluation of the Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation & Prevention Program (FFFIPP) 

Focus Group Moderator’s Guide 

(Estimated Total Time: 90 minutes) 

READ: Thank you for participating in today’s focus group about fire department safety and the Fire Fighter Fatality 

Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP). Today’s focus group is one of 6 that we are conducting 

around the country with firefighters to try to more fully understand factors that impact the safety and wellbeing of firefighters. The focus groups are part of a larger study that is evaluating the impact of FFFIPP. The 

complete study includes a survey of fire departments, discussions with stakeholders, and these focus groups. 

Specifically, we are interested in issues such as the safety climate of your department, safety problems that you 

encounter, and the safety training and information you receive. 

Over the next 90 minutes, we will be asking you all as a group to talk about a series of questions we have 

about these issues. The discussion will be led by ______ [NAMES]. We will ask questions and take notes 

throughout the discussion to make sure that we fully understand your answers to our questions. With your 

permission, we will record the session so that we can check our notes for accuracy. The recording will not be 

used for any other purpose, and will be destroyed as soon as the analysis of your information is completed. All 

individual responses will be kept private. No identifying information will be used in our notes so comments 

will not be able to be tracked back to you. 

We encourage you to raise issues or ask questions throughout the discussion if you feel that there are 

additional issues related to the topics being discussed today. There is no right or wrong answer to any of the 

questions discussed, but we do expect that you will respect the opinions of others. Your participation is 

completely voluntary so if at any time you feel uncomfortable, you are free to leave without any explanation. 

NOTE: OBTAIN INFORMED CONSENT. HAVE PARTICIPANTS READ AND SIGN THE FORM 

BEFORE PROCEEDING TO THE GROUP DISCUSSION. 

Public reporting burden of this collection of information is estimated to average 90 minutes per session, including the time for 

reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing 

the collection of information. An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to a collection of 

information, unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other 

aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to CDC/ATSDR Reports Clearance Officer; 

1600 Clifton Road NE, MS D-74, Atlanta, Georgia 30333; ATTN: PRA (0920-XXXX). 
1.	 Tell us your first name, what fire department you are from, and what kind of job you hold in your department. 

(This is a question to introduce the participants. It will get them talking and will help to get people oriented to who is in the 

room with them.) 

2. We are interested in what your experience with firefighter safety problems has been. We would like to ask about your 

best and worst experiences with firefighter safety. 

•	 What is the worst safety incident that you have experienced in your career? 

•	 What is the best example of a safety success that you have experienced in your career? 

3. [FOR NON-JURISDICTIONAL FOCUS GROUPS ONLY] What do you think is the general attitude toward safety in 

your fire department? 

•	 Your fellow firefighters? 

•	 Your officers and senior officers? 

•	 Are there safety recommendations or procedures that people tend to ignore? If so, what are they? 

4. How do you usually get your safety information? 

•	 What are your favorite sources? Why? 

•	 What are your least favorite sources? Why? 

•	 What kind of safety information do you usually receive from your department? 

•	 What kind of safety information do you usually have to find on your own? 

5.	 How does your department deliver safety information? 

•	 Is the current approach effective? Why, or why not? 

•	 Is this information seen as important by firefighters and officers? 

•	 How well is it received by firefighters and officers? 

6. Does the safety information you and your department receive have an impact on what people do either in training or 

fighting fires? 

•	 Do you change the way you do things after you have read or heard a presentation on new safety guidelines? 

•	 Have you noticed any changes in the way your department does things as a result of new safety guidelines? 

•	 Have there been events within your department that have had an impact on how your department follows safety 

guidelines? 

7.	 How familiar are you with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and its Fire Fighter 

Fatality Investigation & Prevention Program (FFFIPP)? 

•	 What do you know about the program? 

•	 Have you seen or read any of the Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation reports or any other NIOSH fire safety reports? 

•	 If you have read these reports, what did you think about them? 

•	 What kind of impact have these FFFIPP reports and other materials had on your department? 

8.	 (PASS OUT COPIES OF A FFFIPP REPORT TO PARTICIPANTS) What can NIOSH do to improve the FFFIPP 

materials to better meet firefighter needs? 

9.	 Are there other concerns you have about safety that are not being addressed by either your department or NIOSH at 

this point? 
NOTE: THE PURPOSE OF THE FOCUS GROUPS: 

•	 To identify the impact of FFFIPP on the knowledge of firefighters. 

•	 To identify the impact of FFFIPP on fire department operations (for example, training, standard operating 

procedures, and standard operating guidelines). 

•	 To identify the impact of FFFIPP on safety practices. 
Exhibit E-5. Lifeline Handout 

On the phone at 1-800-273-TALK (8255) 

On the Web at http://www.suicidepreventionlifeline.org/crisis.aspx
 

If you are in crisis 

If you need help, please call us 

If you need help for yourself, a friend, or family member, call 1-800-273-TALK 

(8255) right away. 

• Call for yourself. 

• Call for someone you care about. 

• Call to talk. 

• Call to get help. 

• Call to save a life. 

We can help: 

• The hotline is staffed by trained counselors, 

• We are available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 

• We have information about support services that can help you. 

TTY Users 

If you are a TTY user, please use our TTY number: 1-800-799-4TTY (4889)
 

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