UNPUBLISHED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

WILLIAM HAMMOND, 

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.  No. 00-1067

KENNETH S. APFEL, COMMISSIONER OF

SOCIAL SECURITY,

Defendant-Appellee. 

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the District of Maryland, at Baltimore.

Marvin J. Garbis, District Judge.

(CA-99-855-MJG)

Argued: December 8, 2000

Decided: February 1, 2001

Before NIEMEYER and MOTZ, Circuit Judges, and

James C. CACHERIS, Senior United States District Judge

for the Eastern District of Virginia, sitting by designation.

Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion. 

COUNSEL

ARGUED: Stephan F. Shea, WILLONER, CALABRESE &

ROSEN, P.A., College Park, Maryland, for Appellant. Mark Jacob

Goldberg, Office of the General Counsel, SOCIAL SECURITY

ADMINISTRATION, Baltimore, Maryland, for Appellee. ON

BRIEF: Lynne A. Battaglia, United States Attorney, Allen F. Loucks,
Assistant United States Attorney, Baltimore, Maryland; Arthur J.

Fried, General Counsel, Charlotte J. Hardnett, Principal Deputy General Counsel, John M. Sacchetti, Associate General Counsel, Litigation Division, Frieda Schleymeyer Colfelt, Litigation Attorney, Office

of the General Counsel, SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION,

Baltimore, Maryland, for Appellee. 

Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. See

Local Rule 36(c). 

OPINION

PER CURIAM: 

William Hammond appeals from a judgment of the district court

denying a remand to the Secretary of Health and Human Services for

consideration of additional evidence and upholding the determination

of the Commissioner of Social Security that he was ineligible for disability insurance benefits. For the following reasons, we affirm. 

I.

Hammond injured his back in a work-related accident on April 5,

1990. He traces the onset of his disability to that accident. Hammond

was treated by Dr. Phillip L. Schneider, an orthopedist, from April 12,

1990 until November 1993. He was also examined and treated by several other doctors between 1993 and 1995 for his back condition. He

underwent back surgery in February 1992, but his symptoms of pain

persisted. He has been diagnosed with severe spinal stenosis, chronic

degenerative disc disease, and disc bulging. Hammond also complained of urinary retention and frequency problems to Dr. Schneider

and Dr. Allan H. Macht. The physicians recorded his subjective complaints in their reports and recommended that he visit a urologist.

According to the reports, Hammond informed the doctors that he

could not afford to see a urologist because he did not have insurance.

2 HAMMOND v. APFEL
Hammond applied for disability insurance benefits pursuant to

Title II of the Social Security Act, claiming he was totally disabled

due to back pain, lumbar surgery, depression and obesity. He was initially denied benefits. After he requested reconsideration and his

claim was again denied, he requested a hearing before an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ). 

At the hearing, Hammond testified about his urinary frequency and

back-related problems. After considering Hammond’s subjective evidence and medical evidence from several physicians covering the

period from the accident to the date last insured, December, 31, 1995,

the ALJ determined that Hammond was not disabled. The ALJ concluded that Hammond had severe back and leg pain, obesity, and status post-laminectomy, but he did not have an impairment listed in the

regulations. He also concluded that Hammond’s urinary frequency

was not a severe impairment. The ALJ reviewed Hammond’s subjective pain complaints and determined that the degree of pain alleged

was not supported by the medical evidence and his complaints were

not fully credible. The ALJ also determined that Hammond could perform the full range of sedentary work reduced by limitations to sit or

stand at his option and lift or carry up to 10 pounds. Finally, the ALJ

concluded that Hammond could not perform his past relevant work,

but that he was capable of performing certain sedentary, unskilled

occupations suggested by the vocational expert. On June 7, 1997,

Hammond filed a request for review of the decision with the Appeals

Council. The request was denied on January 26, 1999. The decision

of the ALJ became the final decision of the Commissioner. While the

request for review was pending before the Appeals Council, Hammond began treatment with Dr. Ronald F. Tutrone, a board certified

urologist. The treatment covered the period from September 29, 1997

to April 21, 1999. Dr. Tutrone reported that Hammond had a small

capacity, neurogenic bladder, which caused his urge incontinence and

frequency. Dr. Tutrone further reported that his condition did not

improve with medication, and that Mr. Hammond was a candidate for

a sacral nerve stimulation. In addition, Dr. Daniel D. Dietrick, a urologist who evaluated Hammond once in 1998 and once in 1999,

reported that the urinary condition was entirely related to Hammond’s

back injury. 

Hammond filed a civil action in district court. In addition to challenging the final administrative decision, he requested a remand for

HAMMOND v. APFEL 3
a new hearing to consider the recently obtained urologist reports. The

district court denied the request for a remand and held that substantial

evidence supported the ALJ’s findings. This appeal followed. 

Hammond claims that the district court erred in denying a remand

because the additional evidence meets the prerequisites for remand.

He claims further that the ALJ’s finding that his urinary frequency

was not a severe impairment is not supported by substantial evidence.

He also claims that the ALJ failed to consider all of the testimony of

the vocational expert. Finally, he claims that the ALJ improperly

assessed his credibility. 

II.

Hammond claims that the additional evidence he submitted to the

magistrate judge warranted a remand to the Secretary of Health and

Human Services for a new hearing. In an action to review denial of

social security disability benefits, a reviewing court may remand a

case to the Secretary if three prerequisites are met: (1) the evidence

must be new; (2) it must be material; and (3) there must be "good

cause for the failure to incorporate such evidence into the record in

a prior proceeding." 42 U.S.C. § 405(g); Borders v. Heckler, 777 F.2d

954, 955 (4th Cir. 1985). We are satisfied that the evidence is new

and material but unpersuaded that "good cause" has been shown. 

Hammond complained of urinary retention and frequency to at

least two physicians who treated and examined him after his accident

and before the date last insured. He also asserted severe urinary frequency during the administrative hearing in February 1997. Despite

recommendations from his doctors, he did not visit a urologist until

September 1997. Hammond claims that he was unable to afford to see

a urologist earlier because he was not insured until then. While we

agree that an inability to afford treatment may not be held against a

claimant, see Gordon v. Schweiker, 725 F.2d 231, 237 (4th Cir. 1984),

Hammond has not explained, and the record is void of any reason,

why he could suddenly afford treatment in September 1997 but not

earlier. At oral argument, Hammond’s counsel stated that workman’s

compensation insurance covered the urologist visits. Nevertheless, he

could not explain why, if the work-related accident occurred in 1990,

the workman’s compensation insurance did not begin until 1997.

4 HAMMOND v. APFEL
Hammond bore the burden of demonstrating objective evidence of his

disability. Pass v. Chater, 65 F.3d 1200, 1203 (4th Cir. 1995). Despite

the fact that he was aware of his urinary problems as early as November 1993, he did not pursue the seemingly available insurance until

at least four years after his urinary problems began. Without any

explanation as to why his workman’s compensation would not cover

treatment earlier, we find that Hammond has failed to demonstrate

"good cause" to excuse his failure to submit the urologists’ reports.

III.

Having determined that the additional evidence may not be considered, we must determine whether substantial evidence supports the

findings of the ALJ. Under the Social Security Act, we must uphold

the factual findings of the ALJ if they are supported by substantial

evidence in the record and were reached through application of the

correct legal standard. Coffman v. Bowen, 829 F.2d 514, 517 (4th Cir.

1987). In reviewing for substantial evidence, we do not undertake to

re-weigh conflicting evidence, make credibility determinations, or

substitute our judgment for that of the ALJ. Hays v. Sullivan, 907

F.2d 1453, 1456 (4th Cir. 1990). "Where conflicting evidence allows

reasonable minds to differ as to whether a claimant is disabled, the

responsibility for that decision falls on the Secretary (or the ALJ)."

Walker v. Bowen, 834 F.2d 635, 640 (7th Cir. 1987). The issue before

the Court, therefore, is not whether Hammond is disabled, but

whether the ALJ’s findings are supported by substantial evidence and

were reached based upon a correct application of the relevant law. See

Coffman, 829 F.2d at 517. 

Hammond first claims that the ALJ’s determination that his urinary

frequency was not a severe impairment was not based on substantial

evidence. The evidence from the urologists may not be considered for

purposes of review. See Smith v. Chater, 99 F.3d 635, 638 n.5 (4th

Cir. 1996). Therefore, the only supporting evidence before the ALJ

was Hammond’s testimony at the administrative hearing about his

urinary frequency and the statements by Dr. Macht and Dr. Schneider.

Those statements, however, merely documented Hammond’s subjective complaints and recommended that he see a urologist. They were

not supported by objective medical evidence. Moreover, Dr.

Mondino’s report of December 14, 1995, which was well after HamHAMMOND v. APFEL 5
mond’s last visits with Dr. Schneider and Dr. Macht, did not mention

any urinary problems. Accordingly, we find that there was substantial

evidence to support the determination that Hammond’s urinary frequency problem did not significantly limit his physical or mental ability to do basic work activity. 

Hammond next claims that the ALJ improperly disregarded statements made by the Vocational Expert (VE). Once the ALJ determined

that Hammond could not perform his past relevant work as a bus

driver, transit police officer and medical courier, the ALJ bore the

burden of establishing that a significant number of jobs are available

in the national economy that he could perform. See 20 C.F.R.

§ 404.1520(f). The ALJ asked the VE what jobs an individual with

Hammond’s conditions and limitations could perform. The VE identified several sedentary jobs including security monitor guard, cashier

in a self-service gas station, and vehicle dispatcher. Hammond’s attorney then asked if a person who had to urinate 20-25 times a day could

adequately perform those jobs. The VE responded that the additional

restriction would have a significant impact or even preclude the available employment. Hammond claims that the ALJ erred in disregarding the VE’s response to his attorney’s question. We disagree. 

The restrictive hypothetical was based on medical evidence that

was not before the ALJ. With no objective evidence to support allegations of such frequent urination, the ALJ did not need to consider it.

See Copeland v. Bowen, 861 F.2d 536, 540-41 (9th Cir. 1988). Based

on an evaluation of the evidence, the ALJ was free to accept or reject

restrictive hypothetical questions. Martinez v. Heckler, 807 F.2d 771,

773 (9th Cir. 1987). We find that the ALJ did not err in disregarding

the VE’s response to counsel’s hypothetical and that substantial evidence supported the ALJ’s conclusion that Hammond was qualified

for the sedentary work described by the VE. 

Finally, Hammond contends that the ALJ improperly assessed his

credibility and incorrectly evaluated his subjective complaints of pain.

An ALJ evaluates the "intensity and persistence of the claimant’s

pain, and the extent to which it affects [his] ability to work." See

Craig v. Chater, 76 F.3d 585, 595 (4th Cir. 1996). The ALJ should

consider the objective medical evidence of pain, medical treatments

taken to alleviate the pain, specific descriptions of pain, and the

6 HAMMOND v. APFEL
claimant’s daily activities. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1529(c) and

416.929(c). Here, the ALJ found that Hammond "does suffer from

some discomfort, but that his symptoms are not credible to the extent

that they would be inconsistent with his ability to perform a wide

range of sedentary work described." Several physicians reported that

Hammond had residual function capacity. Moreover, Hammond testified that he could perform certain work if permitted to stand or sit and

that he could perform some household chores. We find that the ALJ’s

conclusion was supported by substantial evidence. 

We also reject Hammond’s contention that the ALJ’s method of

evaluating his credibility was erroneous as a matter of law. The ALJ

applied the correct legal standards in determining that Hammond’s

subjective complaints were inconsistent with his ability to perform a

wide range of sedentary jobs.

AFFIRMED

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