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1,1-Dichloroethane																				Related Pages
										May 1994
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH)
**CAS number:** 75–34–3
**NIOSH REL:** 100 ppm (400 mg/m3) TWA
**Current OSHA PEL:** 100 ppm (400 mg/m3) TWA
**1989 OSHA PEL:** Same as current PEL
**1993-1994 ACGIH TLV:** 100 ppm (400 mg/m3) TWA
**Description of Substance:** Colorless, oily liquid with a chloroform-like odor.
**LEL:**. . 5.4% (10% LEL, 5,400 ppm)
**Original (SCP) IDLH:** 4,000 ppm
**Basis for original (SCP) IDLH:** Patty [1963] reported that rats survived 8-hour exposures to 4,000 ppm, but died at 16,000 ppm [Smyth 1956]. However, 16,000 ppm has not been chosen as the IDLH because Kirk-Othmer [1964] indicated that 1,1-dichloroethane causes narcosis. For this draft technical standard, 4,000 ppm is chosen as the IDLH.
**Short-term exposure guidelines:** None developed
**ACUTE TOXICITY DATA**
**Lethal concentration data:**

**Species**
    **Reference**
    **LC50** **(ppm)**
    **LCLo** **(ppm)**
    **Time**
    **Adjusted 0.5-hr** **LC (CF)**
    **Derived** **value**Rat MouseRat
    Carpenter et al. 1949 Mueller 1925Smyth 1956
    ----- ----------
    16,000 17,30016,000
    4 hr 2 hr8 hr
    32,000 ppm (2.0) 27,680 ppm (1.6)40,000 ppm (2.5)
    3,200 ppm 2,768 ppm4,000 ppm
 **Human data:** None relevant for use in determining the revised IDLH.
 
 **Revised IDLH:** 3,000 ppm **Basis for revised IDLH:** The revised IDLH for 1,1-dichloroethane is 3,000 ppm based on acute inhalation toxicity data in animals [Carpenter et al. 1949; Mueller 1925].
**REFERENCES:**
1. Carpenter CP, Smyth HF Jr, Pozzani UC [1949]. The assay of acute vapor toxicity, and the grading and interpretation of results on 96 chemical compounds. J Ind Hyg Toxicol *31*:343-346.
2. Kirk-Othmer [1964]. Encyclopedia of chemical technology. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. *5*:92-98.
3. Mueller J [1925]. Comparative investigations on the anesthetic and toxic effects of some halogenated hydrocarbons. Arch Exp Pathol Pharmakol *109*:276-294 (in German). [From ACGIH [1991]. 1,1-Dichloroethane. In: Documentation of the threshold limit values and biological exposure indices. 6th ed. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, pp. 425-428.]
4. Patty FA, ed. [1963]. Industrial hygiene and toxicology. 2nd rev. ed. Vol. II. Toxicology. New York, NY: Interscience Publishers, Inc., pp. 1279-1280.
5. Smyth HF Jr [1956]. Improved communication: hygienic standards for daily inhalation. Am Ind Hyg Assoc Q *17*(2):129-185.

			
							
								Page last reviewed:  December 4, 2014						Content
							source: 	National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH Publications & Products
Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health (IDLH) Values
Table of IDLH Values
Criteria for Determining IDLH Values
Historical Documentation
Original (SCP) Values
Abbreviations for IDLH Documentation
Abbreviations for Journal Titles Follow NIOSH Facebook
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