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2,4-D																				Related Pages
										May 1994
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH)
**CAS number:** 94–75–7
**NIOSH REL:** 10 mg/m3 TWA
**Current OSHA PEL:** 10 mg/m3 TWA
**1989 OSHA PEL:** Same as current PEL
**1993-1994 ACGIH TLV:** 10 mg/m3 TWA
**Description of Substance:** White to yellow, crystalline, odorless powder.
**LEL:**. Noncombustible Solid
**Original (SCP) IDLH:** 500 mg/m3
**Basis for original (SCP) IDLH:** The chosen IDLH has been estimated from oral data, because no useful data on acute inhalation toxicity are available. NIOSH [1976] cited a dog oral LD50 of 100 mg/kg [Seabury 1963]. Dudley and Thapar [1972] estimated that the LD50 for humans was between 80 and 800 mg/kg.
**Short-term exposure guidelines:** None developed
**ACUTE TOXICITY DATA**
**Lethal dose data:**

**Species**
    **Reference**
    **Route**
    **LD50** **(mg/kg)**
    **LDLo** **(mg/kg)**
    **Adjusted LD**
    **Derived value**Hamster DogMouseRat
    Cabral et al. 1979 Seabury 1963Senczuk and Pogorzelska 1980Sine 1993
    oral oraloraloral
    500 100347699
    ----- ---------------
    3,500 mg/m3700 mg/m32,429 mg/m34,893 mg/m3
    350 mg/m370 mg/m3243 mg/m3489 mg/m3
 **Human data:** It has been reported that the lethal oral dose ranges from 80 to 800 mg/kg [Dalgaard-Mikkelsen and Poulsen 1962; Dudley and Thapar 1972]. [Note: Oral doses of 80 to 800 mg/kg are equivalent to a worker being exposed to about 3,700 to 37,000 mg/m3 for 30 minutes, assuming a breathing rate of 50 liters per minute and 100% absorption.]
 
 **Revised IDLH:** 100 mg/m3**Basis for revised IDLH:** No inhalation toxicity data are available on which to base an IDLH for 2,4-D. Therefore, the revised IDLH for 2,4-D is 100 mg/m3 based on acute oral toxicity data in humans [Dalgaard-Mikkelsen and Poulsen 1962; Dudley and Thapar 1972] and animals [Seabury 1963]. This may be a conservative value due to the lack of relevant acute inhalation toxicity data for workers.
**REFERENCES:**
1. Cabral JRP, Raitano F, Mollner T, Bronczyk S, Shubik P [1979]. Acute toxicity of pesticides in hamsters. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol *48*:A192 [Abstract].
2. Dalgaard-Mikkelsen SV, Poulsen E [1962]. Toxicology of herbicides. Pharmacol Rev *14*:225-250.
3. Dudley AW Jr, Thapar NT [1972]. Fatal human ingestion of 2,4-D, a common herbicide. Arch Pathol *94*:270-275.
4. NIOSH [1976]. AG68250. Acetic acid, (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-. In: Registry of toxic effects of chemical substances, 1976 ed. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No. 76-191, p. 21.
5. Seabury JH [1963]. Toxicity of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid for man and dog. Arch Environ Health *7*:202-209.
6. Senczuk W, Pogorzelska H [1980]. Budowa chemiczna a toksykodynamiczne wlasciwosci pochodnych kwasow fenoksykarboksylowych. Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny *31*:373-377 (in Polish).
7. Sine C, ed. [1993]. 2,4-D. In: Farm chemicals handbook ’93, p. C102.

			
							
								Page last reviewed:  December 4, 2014						Content
							source: 	National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH Publications & Products
Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health (IDLH) Values
Table of IDLH Values
Criteria for Determining IDLH Values
Historical Documentation
Original (SCP) Values
Abbreviations for IDLH Documentation
Abbreviations for Journal Titles Follow NIOSH Facebook
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