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STATE OF MICHIGAN 

COURT OF APPEALS 

 

UNPUBLISHED 

In re PEREZ/FLANAGAN, Minors. February 12, 2015 

No. 321799 

Oakland Circuit Court 

 Family Division 

LC No. 10-772471-NA 

 

Before: FORT HOOD, P.J., and JANSEN and GADOLA, JJ. 

PER CURIAM. 

 Respondent appeals as of right from the order terminating her parental rights to two of 

her minor children under MCL 712A.19b(3)(c)(i) (conditions that led to adjudication continue to 

exist), (g) (failure to provide proper care or custody), and (j) (risk of harm if returned to parents). 

We affirm. 

I. FACTS 

 This appeal involves two of respondent’s four children, JP and AF.1

 On May 25, 2010, 

petitioner, the Department of Human Services, filed a petition seeking custody of respondent’s 

minor children, alleging that on May 21, 2010, respondent was arrested for possession of cocaine 

and marijuana and driving with a suspended license while AF was in the vehicle. The petition 

alleged that respondent had a history with Child Protective Services (CPS) dating back to 1997, 

when TL was born and tested positive for drugs, and that respondent continued to use drugs 

before the filing of the petition. At a pretrial hearing on July 1, 2010, respondent admitted that 

she was arrested for possession of cocaine and marijuana and driving with a suspended license, 

admitted that she had two prior convictions for operating a vehicle while under the influence of 

alcohol in 1993 and 2004, and admitted that BL, TL, and JP were placed in a guardianship in 

2005 while she was in prison. The court ordered respondent to comply with a case services plan 

that required her to submit to a psychological evaluation and comply with all recommendations, 

to participate in parenting classes, to address her substance abuse problems, to complete random 

 

1

 Respondent is also the mother of two older children, BL and TL, who were removed from the 

termination petition because the court assigned them permanency planning goals of Another 

Planned Permanent Living Arrangement-Emancipation (APPLA-E) due to their respective ages. 
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drug screens, to obtain stable housing and income, and to comply with the terms of her 

probation. 

 At a review hearing on July 21, 2011, testimony indicated that respondent missed nine 

drug screens and tested positive for alcohol on one screen. Following an emergency hearing on 

December 21, 2011, the court restricted respondent to supervised parenting visits after she failed 

a drug screen. At a hearing on March 15, 2012, testimony revealed that respondent completed a 

parenting class, participated in services to address her emotional issues and substance abuse, and 

passed all recent drug screens. Thereafter, the court gave petitioner the discretion to return the 

children, pending respondent’s ability to obtain suitable housing. In August 2012, JP and AF 

were returned to respondent’s care. 

 On February 4, 2013, the court held an emergency removal hearing after respondent was 

sentenced to 30 days’ incarceration for violating her probation by driving with a suspended 

license, and the children were removed again. On March 22, 2013, the court held an emergency 

hearing after respondent was arrested a second time for driving with a suspended license and was 

observed with her boyfriend selling illicit substances to a minor child. Testimony revealed that 

respondent’s boyfriend was criminally charged, and that he had been living with respondent 

without the knowledge of petitioner. The children’s foster parents also reported that respondent 

called to speak with her children sounding intoxicated. On June 20, 2013, petitioner filed a 

supplemental petition to terminate respondent’s parental rights. 

 On March 21, 2014, the trial court filed a termination order that declared separately that 

clear and convincing evidence supported termination under MCL 712A.19b(3)(c)(i), (g), and (j), 

and that termination was in the children’s best interests. 

II. STATUTORY FACTORS 

 Respondent first argues that the lower court erred in finding clear and convincing 

evidence supported termination under the statutory factors. We review for clear error a trial 

court’s decision to terminate parental rights. In re Olive/Metts, 297 Mich App 35, 40; 823 

NW2d 144 (2012). A decision to terminate parental rights is clearly erroneous if, after reviewing 

the entire record, we are definitely and firmly convinced that the lower court made a mistake. In 

re JK, 468 Mich 202, 209-210; 661 NW2d 216 (2003). 

 To terminate parental rights, a court must find that at least one of the statutory grounds 

for termination set forth in MCL 712A.19b(3) is established by clear and convincing evidence. 

In re Sours, 459 Mich 624, 632; 593 NW2d 520 (1999). In this case, the trial court terminated 

respondent’s parental rights under MCL 712A.19b(3)(c)(i), (g), and (j), which provide the 

following: 

 (3) The court may terminate a parent’s parental rights to a child if the 

court finds, by clear and convincing evidence, 1 or more of the following: 

* * * 
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 (c) The parent was a respondent in a proceeding brought under this 

chapter, 182 or more days have elapsed since the issuance of an initial 

dispositional order, and the court, by clear and convincing evidence, finds either 

of the following: 

 (i) The conditions that led to the adjudication continue to exist and there is 

no reasonable likelihood that the conditions will be rectified within a reasonable 

time considering the child’s age. 

* * * 

 (g) The parent, without regard to intent, fails to provide proper care or 

custody for the child and there is no reasonable expectation that the parent will be 

able to provide proper care and custody within a reasonable time considering the 

child’s age. 

* * * 

 (j) There is a reasonable likelihood, based on the conduct or capacity of 

the child’s parent, that the child will be harmed if he or she is returned to the 

home of the parent. 

 The lower court did not clearly err in finding clear and convincing evidence supported 

termination under MCL 712A.19b(3)(c)(i). At the time of the adjudication, respondent admitted 

to possessing cocaine and marijuana and operating a vehicle while on a suspended license. 

Respondent’s contact with CPS dated back to 1997 when one of her children was born and tested 

positive for cocaine. Respondent also had a history of alcohol abuse and was convicted of 

operating a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol in 1993 and 2004. 

 Respondent continued to disregard the law throughout these proceedings. Respondent’s 

children were removed from her care a second time after she was incarcerated for violating her 

probation by driving with a suspended license. Shortly after she was released in 2013, 

respondent was cited again for driving with a suspended license. During this second incident, 

respondent’s boyfriend was arrested because he had drugs in his possession and sold them to a 

minor. Respondent’s involvement in the situation and her decision to drive on a suspended 

license demonstrated her continuing disregard for the law. 

 Respondent also did not rectify her substance abuse issues. Throughout the three years 

her children were in protective custody, respondent missed several drug screens and tested 

positive for alcohol and adulterants on multiple occasions. Respondent’s psychological 

evaluation indicated she began receiving services in 2008, but failed to benefit from them. 

Respondent had a 25-year history of substance abuse and relapse, which continued throughout 

these proceedings. The trial court did not clearly err in finding that termination was proper under 

MCL 712A.19b(3)(c)(i). 

 A parent’s failure to comply with the case service plan is evidence supporting termination 

under both MCL 712A.19b(3)(g) and (j). In re White, 303 Mich App 701, 712-713; 846 NW2d 

61 (2014). Likewise, failing to provide safe and stable housing and sufficient income, and 
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failing to attend hearings demonstrates an inability to provide proper care and custody and a 

possibility of harm. In re Laster, 303 Mich App 485, 493-495; 845 NW2d 540 (2013). Under 

MCL 712A.19b(3)(j), a court may consider the possibility of both physical and emotional harm. 

In re Hudson, 294 Mich App 261, 268; 817 NW2d 115 (2011). 

 Again, respondent’s service plan required her to submit to a psychological evaluation and 

comply with all recommendations, to participate in parenting classes, to address her substance 

abuse problems, to pass random drug screens, to obtain stable housing and income, and to 

comply with the terms of her probation. Respondent was not consistently employed throughout 

the proceedings. She had four different jobs while the children were in care and several periods 

of unemployment. Although she completed parenting classes, she contacted one of her children 

in violation of a no contact order and addressed inappropriate topics with her children during 

visits. Moreover, despite having been through a substance abuse treatment program, respondent 

was unable to demonstrate that she could remain substance free. She continued to use alcohol 

while the children were in care. Respondent’s drug and alcohol abuse and the company she kept 

exposed the children to a risk of harm. Accordingly, the lower court did not clearly err in 

terminating her parental rights under MCL 712A.19b(3)(g) and (j). 

III. BEST INTERESTS 

 Respondent also argues the lower court erred in finding termination was in her children’s 

best interests. We disagree. We review a trial court’s finding that termination was in the best 

interests of a child for clear error. In re Trejo, 462 Mich 341, 364; 612 NW2d 407 (2000). 

 A court shall terminate parental rights “[i]f the court finds that there are grounds for 

termination of parental rights and that termination of parental rights is in the child’s best 

interests.” MCL 712A.19b(5); see also In re Moss, 301 Mich App 76, 83; 836 NW2d 182 

(2013). In performing a best interest inquiry, a court may consider the bond between the child 

and parent, the parent’s parenting skills, and the child’s need for permanency and stability. 

Olive/Metts, 297 Mich App at 41-42. “The trial court may also consider a parent’s history of 

domestic violence, the parent’s compliance with his or her case service plan, the parent’s 

visitation history with the child, the children’s well-being while in care, and the possibility of 

adoption.” In re White, 303 Mich App 701, 714; 846 NW2d 61 (2014). 

 Respondent argues that she had a bond with her children, but she never demonstrated that 

she could maintain a safe and stable home for them. The trial court stated that respondent’s bond 

with JP was “extremely strained.” Further, the court noted that the children were in protective 

custody for nearly 46 months, and emphasized the children’s need for permanency and stability. 

As previously discussed, respondent failed to comply with and benefit from her case service 

plan. The lower court did not err in finding termination was in the best interests of the children. 

 Finally, respondent argues that petitioner failed to adequately assess her family for 

placement. However, respondent does not indicate that interested and appropriate relatives were 

available. Moreover, petitioner placed respondent’s children with their maternal grandparents 

until August 2012 when the children were briefly returned to respondent’s care. The court 

addressed the possibility of guardianship and placement with these grandparents at the bestinterest hearing, but determined neither option was appropriate because the maternal 
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grandparents lacked suitable housing. Although a court must expressly address family 

placement in its best interest inquiry if the children are residing with a relative, Olive Metts, 297 

Mich App at 43-44, in this case, respondent’s children were not placed with a relative at the time 

the court terminated her parental rights, and a family placement was not a viable option. 

 Affirmed. 

/s/ Karen M. Fort Hood 

/s/ Kathleen Jansen 

/s/ Michael F. Gadola