# Patent

## Title
Light fixture with facilitated thermal management

## Abstract

A light fixture including at least one LED emitter and at least one LED power-circuitry unit within an enclosure formed by a base and a cover movably secured with respect to the base. The at least one LED emitter is secured with respect to the base and in thermal communication therewith. The at least one LED power-circuitry unit is secured with respect to the base such that, when the cover is closed, the power-circuitry unit is in thermal communication with the cover. During operation primary heat transfer from the power-circuitry unit and primary heat transfer from the LED emitter(s) are to separate enclosure members.

## Background
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to lighting fixtures and, more particularly, to thermal management of LED light fixtures.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In recent years, the use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in development of light fixtures for various common lighting purposes has increased, and this trend has accelerated as advances have been made in the field. Indeed, lighting applications which previously had typically been served by fixtures using what are known as high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps are now being served by LED light fixtures. Such lighting applications include, among a good many others, so-called canopy light for gasoline stations and the like, soffit-mounted light fixture, surface-mounted light fixtures, and a variety of factory lighting and commercial building lighting.
LED light fixtures present particularly challenging problems which relate to heat dissipation. Improvement in dissipating heat from fixture components is one significant objective in the field of LED light fixtures. It is of importance for various reasons, one of which relates to extending the useful life of the lighting products. Achieving improvements in thermal management without expensive additional structure and apparatus is much desired. It is also desired to achieve compactness in LED light fixtures while still allowing excellent light output. Another major consideration in the development of LED light fixtures for various high-volume applications is controlling product cost even while delivering improved light-fixture performance.
In summary, finding ways to significantly improve the dissipation of heat from LED light fixtures and otherwise improve their performance without increase in cost of manufacturing would be much desired.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to improved LED light fixtures addressing the above concerns.
In certain embodiments, the inventive LED light fixture includes an enclosure formed by a base and a cover movably secured with respect to the base. At least one power-circuitry unit is secured with respect to the base such that, when the cover is closed, the power-circuitry unit is in thermal communication with the cover. The LED light source of the fixture is also secured with respect to the enclosure, and may include at least one LED emitter on an LED-circuit board secured with respect to the base. In some embodiments, the light source is in thermal communication with the base such that during operation primary heat transfer from the power-circuitry unit and primary heat transfer from the LED emitter(s) are to separate enclosure members. More specifically, heat transfer from the LED emitter(s) is to the base, while heat transfer from power-circuitry unit is to the cover.
The base may be a single-piece metal casting. In certain embodiments, the cover is fully removable for complete access to within the enclosure. In some embodiments, the cover is a metal casting supporting a light-transmitting optical member over the LED emitter.
Some embodiments of the fixture include a housing which has at least first and second housing members. The second housing member is movably secured with respect to the first housing member and movable with respect thereto between use and non-use positions. The at least one power-circuitry unit is secured with respect to the first housing member, and in the use position is in thermal communication with the second housing member. In some of such embodiments, the power-circuitry unit is constrained with respect to the first housing member such that it has no more than one degree-of-freedom of movement and such that, when the second housing member is in its use position, the power-circuitry unit is in thermal communication primarily with the second housing member. Or, in some cases, the power-circuitry unit may be fixed in a position for primary thermal communication with the second housing member.
In certain embodiments, the power-circuitry unit has only one degree-of-freedom of movement. In some of such embodiments, such single degree-of-freedom of movement is back-and-forth movement along an axis, while in others the single degree-of-freedom of movement is rotational—e.g., about an axis fixed with respect to the first housing member.
In some embodiments, the power-circuitry unit is directionally biased toward the cover to facilitate thermal contact between the power-circuitry unit and the cover. In some of such embodiments, the fixtures include at least one resilient member between the power-circuitry unit and the base. The resilient member(s) is configured and positioned such that, when the cover is closed, the resilient member(s) push(es) the power-circuitry unit against the cover.
The resilient member(s) may include a compressible pad or pads. Certain versions of the compressible pad are sized to approximate the footprint of the power-circuitry unit on the base, thereby facilitating thermal isolation between the power-circuitry unit and the base.
Some embodiments of the light fixture include first and second locators inter-engaged to constrain the power-circuitry unit in directions parallel to a constraint plane. The term “constraint plane” as used herein means a plane, the coordinates of which remain substantially constant for the power-circuitry unit positioned with respect thereto.
In some of such embodiments, the first locator is secured with respect to the base and the second locator is on the power-circuitry unit. The first and second locators may allow back-and-forth movement of the power-circuitry unit along a direction substantially orthogonal to the constraint plane.
In some embodiments, the first locator includes at least one post extending from the base to a distal post-end, and the second locator is, for each post, a hollow defined by the power-circuitry unit. Each post extends into the hollow such that the power-circuitry unit is slidable on the post(s) to facilitate thermal contact between the power-circuitry unit and the cover. There may be two pairs of posts and corresponding hollows, each such combination being spaced from other such combination(s).
The power-circuitry unit may include a heat-conductive casing which is in thermal contact with the cover. In some embodiments, the casing has a flange portion which defines the post-receiving hollow(s). The casing of the power-circuitry unit may be directionally biased toward the cover to facilitate thermal contact between the casing and the cover. At least one resilient member may be positioned between the casing and the base, the resilient member(s) being configured and positioned such that, when the cover is closed, the resilient member(s) push(es) the casing against the cover. As already stated, the resilient member may be in the form of a compressible pad; such compressible pad may be sized to approximate the footprint of the casing on the base, thereby facilitating thermal insulation between the casing of the power-circuitry unit and the base.
Certain embodiments of the light fixture include at least one bracket secured with respect to the base and holding the power-circuitry unit with respect to the base when the enclosure is open. In some of such embodiments, each bracket has an affixed end secured with respect to the base and a free end positioned to engage the power-circuitry unit. The free end of the bracket may define an aperture receiving the distal post-end.
In the embodiments where the power-circuitry unit includes a heat-conductive casing, the free end of the bracket may be positioned to engage the flange portion of the casing. In some of such embodiments with the free end of the bracket defining an aperture receiving the distal post-end, the flange portion of the casing may be positioned between the base and the free end of the bracket.
The term “non-linear array” as used herein with respect to LED light sources means a planar array of LED light sources which do not all lie along the same straight line. In other words, the array is at least two-dimensional, not linear. Furthermore, the two-dimensional array, which may be square or otherwise, includes a multiplicity of LED light sources, and can include as many as 70-240 or more LED light sources. Each LED light source may be an LED package which includes a single LED (or a closely-spaced group of LEDs) mounted either directly on the circuit board or on a submount on the circuit board, with what is commonly referred to as a primary lens over such LED(s).
The term “closed boundary” as used herein with respect to an array of LED light sources refers to the perimeter-line that has straight segments and circumscribes the array.
As used herein, the term “LED-populated area” means the circuit-board region within the closed boundary minimally circumscribing the LED light sources, provided that the circuit board has a non-linear array of LED light sources thereon with the spacing between adjacent LED light sources being no more than about three times the cross-dimension of each of the LED light sources. The term “non-LED-populated area” means the circuit-board region outside the LED-populated area. In some embodiments, the non-LED populated area can include other circuit elements, but in other embodiments it does not include any circuitry.
The term “optical aperture” as used herein means the light-fixture opening of smallest cross-sectional area through which aperture the light from the LED-populated area passes.
The term “substantially isothermal” as used herein in reference to the circuit board means that temperature variation across the circuit board is no more than 5° C.
As used herein in referring to portions of the devices of this invention, the terms “upward,” “upwardly,” “upper,” “downward,” “downwardly,” “lower,” “upper,” “top,” “bottom” and other like terms assume that the light fixture is in its usual position of use and do not limit the invention to any particular orientation.
In descriptions of this invention, including in the claims below, the terms “comprising,” “including” and “having” (each in their various forms) and the term “with” are each to be understood as being open-ended, rather than limiting, terms.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of an LED light fixture in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the LED light fixture seen in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the LED light fixture of FIG. 1 with its cover removed.
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary perspective view showing securement of the LED power-circuitry unit with respect to the base of the LED light fixture of FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 is a plan view of a somewhat different embodiment of the LED light fixture according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the LED light fixture of FIG. 5 taken along section 6-6 as indicated in FIG. 5.
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of such LED light fixture taken along section 7-7 as indicated in FIG. 5.
FIGS. 8 and 9 are a side elevation and a perspective view of an example of a caseless LED power-circuitry unit.
FIGS. 10-12 are schematic illustrations of alternative embodiments for positioning the LED power-circuitry unit with respect to the base.
FIGS. 13 and 14 are schematic illustrations of alternative embodiments for allowed movement of the LED power-circuitry unit with respect to the base.
FIG. 15 is a partially-schematic cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the LED light fixture of FIG. 1.
FIG. 16 is a partially-schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of an LED light fixture according to this invention.
FIG. 17 is a partially-schematic cross-sectional view of still another embodiment of an LED light fixture according to this invention.
FIG. 18 is a side elevation of a further embodiment of this invention in the form of a pendant light fixture.
FIGS. 19-21 are side elevations of three alternative embodiments of the present invention.
FIGS. 22-25 are a bottom plan view, a top plan view, a front elevation and a side elevation of the LED light fixture of FIG. 1.
FIG. 26 is a partially-assembled perspective view of a yet another embodiment of an LED light fixture according to this invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS
FIGS. 1-25 illustrate exemplary embodiments of LED light fixtures in accordance with this invention. Common or similar parts in different embodiments are given the same numbers in the drawings; the light fixtures themselves are often referred to by the numeral 10.
As seen in FIGS. 1, 2 and 6, light fixture 10 includes a housing 12 defining an enclosure 11 formed by a base 20 and a cover 30 movably secured with respect to base 20. FIGS. 3-7 show a power-circuitry unit 40 secured with respect to base 20 such that, when the cover 30 is closed, power-circuitry unit 40 is in thermal communication with cover 30.
As best illustrated in FIGS. 2, 3 and 5, a light emitter is secured with respect to housing 12 within enclosure 11. FIGS. 3 and 5 show two alternative light emitters 50A and 50B, each of which includes LED sources 51 on an LED-circuit board 52 which is secured with respect to base 20. As seen in FIGS. 3, 5 and 15-17, which illustrate alternative embodiments, the light emitter is in thermal communication with base 20. Base 20, as seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, is a single-piece metal casting. Cover 30, as seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, is a metal casting supporting a light-transmitting lens member 31 over the light emitter.
Such arrangements, in which the light sources are in thermal communication with base 20 while power-circuitry unit 40 is in thermal communication with cover 30, are very advantageous. In other words, during operation of the light fixtures this arrangement provides primary heat transfer from the power-circuitry unit and primary heat transfer from the LED emitter(s) to separate major enclosure members, each of which serve as a heat sink.
FIG. 2 shows cover 30 fully removable for complete access to within enclosure 11.
As seen in FIG. 2, housing 12 has first and second housing members, base 20 being the first housing member and cover 30 being the second housing member and being movably secured with respect to base 20 between use and non-use positions. FIGS. 3-7 show power-circuitry unit 40 secured with respect to base 20. In some embodiments, which are not illustrated, the power-circuitry unit may be secured to the cover.
As seen in FIGS. 6, 7 and 10-14, power-circuitry unit 40 is constrained such that when cover 30 is in its use position, power-circuitry unit 40 is in thermal communication with cover 30. Power-circuitry unit 40 may be in fully-fixed position for such primary thermal communication with cover 30, or it may be urged against cover 30 when cover 30 is in its use position.
FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate power-circuitry unit 40 in fixed orientation with respect to base 20 along a plane which includes X and Y isometric axes of base 20. These figures also show that power-circuitry unit 40 is movable along axis Z which is orthogonal to axes X and Y. In other words, power-circuitry unit 40, as seen in FIGS. 3-7 and 13, has only one degree-of-freedom of movement with respect to base 20, and that is a linear freedom of movement.
FIG. 14 schematically illustrates an alternative embodiment in which the degree-of-freedom of movement is rotational about an axis R that is fixed with respect to base 20. In each situation, power-circuitry unit 40 is directionally biased toward cover 30 to facilitate thermal contact between power-circuitry unit 40 and cover 30.
As seen in FIGS. 2, 6 and 7, fixture 10 includes a resilient member in the form of a compressible pad 14 situated between power-circuitry unit 40 and base 20. As best seen in FIGS. 6 and 7, compressible pad 14 is configured and positioned such that, when cover 30 is closed, pad 14 pushes power-circuitry unit 40 against cover 30. As seen in FIG. 2, pad 14 is sized to approximate the footprint of power-circuitry unit 40 on base 20, thereby facilitating thermal isolation between power-circuitry unit 40 and base 20, and thus facilitate primary heat transfer from power-circuitry unit 40 to cover 30.
In FIG. 11, a resilient member is shown in the form of springs 15 such as coil springs positioned between power-circuitry unit 40 and base 20 and serving to bias power-circuitry unit away from base 20 along axis Z into firm contact with cover 30 in its use position.
As seen in FIGS. 4, 6 and 7, light fixture 10 includes a first locator in the form of a post 43 and a second locator in the form of a hollow 44 defined by power-circuitry unit 40, such inter-engaged first and second locators serving to constrain power-circuitry unit 40 along the aforementioned X and Y axes. As best seen in FIGS. 6 and 7, post 43 extends onto the hollow 44 such that power-circuitry unit 40 is slidable on post 43 along axis Z to facilitate thermal contact between power-circuitry unit 40 and cover 30. FIG. 5 shows two posts 43 and corresponding hollows 44, the post/hollow pairs being spaced from one another along the facing surfaces of base 20 and power-circuitry unit 40.
FIGS. 10-13 illustrate alternative embodiments of the first and second locators which allow back-and-forth movement of the power-circuitry unit along a direction substantially orthogonal to the aforementioned X-Y plane. In FIG. 10, the power-circuitry unit and the base define aligned hollows with a fastener such as a self-tapping screw being inserted through both hollows to secure the power-circuitry unit along the base while allowing back-and-forth movement of the power-circuitry unit orthogonally thereto. FIG. 11 shows the power-circuitry unit having a post which extends into a hollow defined in the base, with springs 15 being positioned between the base and the power-circuitry unit. In FIG. 12, the power-circuitry unit is shown to include a protruding female portion defining a cavity which receives a post extending from the base. FIG. 13 schematically illustrates an embodiment in which the power-circuitry unit is secured at a fixed distance from the base and is slidable along the base.
In FIGS. 1-7, power-circuitry unit 40 is shown to include a heat-conductive casing 45 which is in thermal contact with cover 45. As best seen in FIGS. 4-6, casing 45 has a flange portion 46 which defines hollow 44. FIGS. 6 and 7 show casing 45 being directionally biased toward cover 30 to facilitate thermal contact between casing 45 and cover 30.
FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate the power-circuitry unit as a caseless LED driver 47. Such caseless LED driver 47 can be removably secured with respect to base 20. The power-circuitry components of caseless LED driver 47 are encapsulated (potted) in a protective polymeric material on a driver board prior to installation in the fixture such that driver 47 is readily replaceable and does not have any potting applied during or after installation in the fixture. Suitable examples of such protective polymeric encapsulating material include thermoplastic materials such as low-pressure injection-molded nylon, which amply protect caseless driver 47 from electrostatic discharge while conducting heat to facilitate cooling of the driver during operation.
As seen in FIGS. 2-5, light fixture 10 includes brackets 21 secured with respect to base 20 and holding power-circuitry unit 40 with respect to base 20 when enclosure 11 is open. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 7, each bracket 21 has an affixed end 22 secured with respect to base 20 and a free end 23 positioned to engage flange portion 46 of casing 45 of power-circuitry unit 40. FIG. 4 shows free end 23 defining an aperture 231 which receives distal post-end 430 with flange portion 46 of casing 45 being between base 20 and free end 23 of bracket 21.
FIGS. 2, 3, 5, 15-17 and 26 illustrate a heat-sink body 24 forming base 20 and having a circuit-board mounting surface 25. As seen in FIGS. 1, 2, 15-17 and 26, an aperture member is supported over circuit-board mounting surface 25. An LED circuit board 60 is affixed in thermal-contact relationship to circuit-board mounting surface 25. The LED circuit board, as later described herein, may be a metal-core board or other type of circuit board providing heat dissipation from LED emitters during operations.
As best seen in FIG. 5, circuit board 60 has an LED-populated area 61 with LED sources 51 concentrated in the middle region of the circuit board which has a non-LED-populated area 62 surrounding LED-populated area 61. FIG. 5 also shows that non-LED-populated area 62 is greater than LED-populated area 61.
The large non-LED-populated area surrounding the LED-populated area provides valuable advantages of anisotropic heat conduction during operation. In particular, heat generated by the LED light sources on the LED-populated area preferentially spreads in lateral directions across the entire circuit board more than in directions orthogonal to the circuit board into the heat-sink body. That is, the circuit board, which comprises a good thermally-conductive material, such as copper or aluminum, spreads the heat laterally away from the LED-populated area and allows rapid heat transfer to the heat-sink body from across the entire circuit board—even in such “hidden” positions as are beyond the boundary of the optical aperture. FIGS. 15-17 show circuit board 60 in thermal contact with circuit-board mounting surface 25 of heat-sink body 24 such that heat from the entire area of the circuit board is conducted to heat sink body 24 for heat dissipation. FIGS. 15-17 schematically illustrate that heat conduction laterally within circuit board 60 is greater than heat conduction from circuit board 60 to heat-sink body 24. This preferential spreading of heat to non-LED-populated area 62 facilitates removal of heat from circuit board 60 and thus facilitates heat removal from LED-populated area 61 which increases the optical efficiency of the LEDs. The circuit board can be proximate heat-dissipating surfaces of the heat sink to provide a better thermal path to the heat dissipating surfaces of the heat sink. As also schematically shown in FIGS. 15-17, the entire area of the circuit board, including the LED-populated and non-LED-populated areas, approaches being isothermal, i.e., with temperatures during operation being substantially isothermal thereacross. As such, the heat will tend to spread laterally away from the LED-populated area thus facilitating removal of heat from the LED-populated area to the non-LED-populated area and to the heat sink, which increases the optical efficiency of the LEDs.
FIG. 5 shows the spacing between adjacent LED light sources 51 of LED-populated area 61 being no more than about the cross-dimension of each of LED light sources 51. Particularly tight spacing of the LED light sources on the LED-populated area tends to improve the substantially isothermal characteristic of the circuit board.
As seen in FIGS. 15-17, LED circuit board 60 is in position between mounting surface 25 and the aperture member. The aperture member is shown to form a single optical aperture 33. Aspects of this invention are based on the recognition that the optical aperture need not be coextensive with the circuit board, but instead may be substantially coextensive with the LED-populated area—or at least be of a size such that it leaves much or substantially all of the non-LED-populated area beyond the boundary of the optical aperture. This is illustrated in FIGS. 16 and 17. FIG. 16 schematically illustrates at least the majority of non-LED-populated area 62 extending beyond optical aperture 33. This is also true for the embodiment of FIG. 17. In both cases, optical aperture 33 exposes all of LED-populated area 61. Indeed, FIGS. 16 and 17 illustrate at least 50% of the area of circuit board 60 extending beyond optical aperture 33.
The present invention provides efficient ways for addressing thermal challenges and extracting increased amounts of light from the LEDs of LED light fixtures. One such way, as described above, is increasing the surface area of the printed circuit board without changing the configuration of the LED array thereon. This takes advantage of the extra circuit-board material for heat-transfer purposes.
Given the thermal purposes of this invention, the material used for the LED circuit board should be selected with particular regard to its thermal conductivity. Using a metal-core printed circuit board is particularly advantageous. A simple metal-core circuit board is comprised of a solder mask, a copper circuit layer, a thermally-conducting thin dielectric layer, and a much thicker metal-core base layer. Such layers are laminated and bonded together, providing a path for heat dissipation from the LEDs. The base layer is by far the thickest layer of the circuit board and may be aluminum, or in some cases copper, a copper alloy or another highly thermally-conductive alloy. Such highly-conductive base layer facilitates lateral conduction of heat in the board from beneath the LED-populated area to and across the non-LED-populated area. And since board temperatures remain high even across the non-LED-populated area, the total area of substantial thermal transfer from the circuit board to the heat sink is beneficially large—substantially larger than just the LED-populated area.
For example, instead of sizing the circuit board to closely match the size of the LED array, the circuit board is enlarged to have a non-LED-populated area around an LED-populated area with such non-LED-populated area extending beyond the optical aperture. In one example, such circuit-board enlargement decreases the temperature of the LEDs by 2° C. without adding manufacturing costs, and this allows an increase total lumen output. Larger decrease in temperature and larger increase in total lumen output are possible depending on the non-LED-populated area of such circuit board.
The present invention provides a further way for addressing thermal challenges in LED light fixtures. In particular, the thermal load of the driver (power-circuitry unit) is substantially removed from the fixture member (e.g., the base member) which is in primary thermal communication with the LED circuit board, and instead is transferred to a separate fixture member such as the light-fixture cover. In one example, such thermal “repositioning” of the driver provides a decrease in the LED temperature of about 2° C., and the thermal separation of the driver from the LED circuit board also lowers the driver temperature by 2° C. This permits drive current to be increased while still maintaining a 100,000 hour driver life rating and allowing an increase in total lumen output.
In some examples of light fixtures of this invention, enlargement of the non-LED-populated area is combined with separation of the primary thermal paths of the LEDs and the LED driver. In one example, this combination of thermal advantages decreases the LED temperature by 4° C. and allows a 15% increase in the drive current which results in 13% increase in total lumen output.
In FIGS. 15 and 16, the aperture member is a reflector 35 which extends from a first end 351 adjacent to and surrounding LED-populated area 61 to a second end 352 substantially aligned with cover opening 34. FIG. 2 best shows LED-populated area 61 being substantially rectangular in shape and reflector 35 being frusto-pyramidal in shape. FIG. 17 shows cover 30 itself serving as the aperture member; cover opening 34 forms optical aperture 33A. In some embodiments, the opening in the cover defines the optical aperture. In other embodiments, a reflector or other optical element or lens defines the optical aperture. Depending on the embodiment, the optical elements defining the optical aperture can be integral with or mounted to the cover and/or LED assembly.
As also seen in FIGS. 1 and 15-17, a light-transmissive member 31 is positioned in cover opening 34. Light-transmissive member 31 may include a phosphorescent material such that at least some of the light emitted by the fixture has a different wavelength than light emitted from the LED-populated area. For example, the LED-populated area may include LED sources of the type emitting light with wavelength of a blue color, and in order to achieve a customary white-color light, a so-called “remote phosphor” technique is used. The remote-phosphor technique typically utilizes blue LED(s)—generally considered to be the color that delivers maximum efficacy. The phosphor that generates the white light is included on a lens or diffuser such as light-transmissive member 31 by coating or otherwise. Such “remote phosphor” technique delivers better efficacy than do phosphor-converted LEDs, since the phosphors are more efficient in conversion when operating at the lower phosphor temperatures made possible by such remote configurations. For example the LEDs can be blue LEDs where the blue light excites the phosphorescent material, such as yttrium aluminum garnet or YAG, to produce a secondary emission of light where the blue light and the secondary emission produce white light. In other embodiments, different color LEDs can be used together with individual white LEDs (blue LEDs plus phosphor) or with blue LEDs in a remote phosphor configuration where the light-transmissive element is coated and/or impregnated with the phosphorescent material.
FIGS. 1, 6, 15-21, 24 and 25 illustrate another aspect of this invention, namely, LED light fixture 10 as a low-profile LED light fixture with particular advantages, including, e.g., its serving as a surface-mount canopy light.
As seen in FIGS. 3 and 5, light fixture 10 includes a base plate 200 with LED circuit board 60 secured to a front surface 26 thereof and with LED power-circuitry unit 40 secured with respect to front surface 26 in a position adjacent to circuit board 60. FIGS. 1-3 show that heat-dissipating surfaces 27 extend from front surface 26 of base plate 200 with LED circuit board 60 being in position adjacent to heat-dissipating surfaces 27. As seen in FIGS. 23-25, base plate 200 has a substantially planar back surface 28. FIGS. 3, 6 and 15-17 show LED power-circuitry unit 40, LED circuit board 60, and heat-dissipating surfaces positioned entirely in front of base plate 200, with no portion of the light fixture other than electrical connections extending behind back surface 28.
Heat-dissipating surfaces 27 extend substantially orthogonally to front surface 26 of base plate 200. As seen in FIGS. 5 and 22, the base plate is rectangular and heat-dissipating surfaces 27 are in two regions 270 positioned beside LED circuit board 60 only on two opposite sides thereof.
As seen in FIGS. 1, 2 and 22, cover 30 extends over LED power-circuitry unit 40 while leaving uncovered heat-dissipating surfaces 27. Cover 30 defines light-emitting opening 34 over LED circuit board 60.
FIG. 5 shows base plate 200 rectangular with heat-dissipating surfaces 27 being in two regions 270 positioned beside LED circuit board 60 only on two opposite lateral sides thereof. Regions 270 of heat-dissipating surfaces 27 are on two of the four lateral sides of base plate 200.
As further seen in FIG. 5, base plate 200 defines a pair of cavities 29 along front surface 26 thereof, one on either side of LED circuit board 60 in positions along the other two opposite lateral sides of base plate 200. LED power-circuitry unit 40 is shown positioned within one of two cavities 29. Light-fixture control circuitry 19 is shown positioned within the other of two cavities 29. Control circuitry 19, sensor 18 and/or communication circuitry may be positioned within cavities 29.
FIG. 1 shows cover 30 extending over control circuitry 19 and light-emitting opening 34 being bounded by portions of cover 30 over LED power-circuitry 40 and control circuitry 19.
As seen in FIGS. 15-21, 24 and 25, the cross-section of fixture 10 orthogonal to base plate 200 is such that the aspect ratio of such cross-section is greater than about 6. As used herein, the term “aspect ratio” means the ratio of a plan-view cross-dimension 16 of the base plate to the cross-dimension 17 of the fixture between back surface 28 of base plate 200 and a forwardmost surface 36 of cover 30. The aspect ratio may be greater than about 7.5.
In the fixtures shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, thickness 17 of the cross-section between back surface 28 of base plate 200 and a forwardmost surface 36 of cover 30 is no more than about 3 inches. In the fixture shown in FIG. 17, such thickness is no more than about 2 inches.
Light-emitting opening 34 in cover 30 defines a plane 340 seen in FIG. 21. FIG. 21 shows lens 31 is substantially planar, in plane 340. FIGS. 19 and 20 show the lens as a drop-out lens 31A and 31B which extends beyond plane 340 of opening 34. This facilitates a portion of the light being directed laterally, which is useful for curb-side appeal.
In FIGS. 15-17, the LED light fixture is shown as a surface-mount LED light fixture for mounting on a surface 1 of a structure such that, when the fixture is installed, back surface 28 of base plate 200 is substantially against structure surface 1.
The low-profile configuration of the light fixture permits installation against the structure with a relatively small aperture formed in structure surface 1 for electrical connections. This is beneficial in installations for outdoor canopies such as those used at gasoline stations. In particular, the small connection aperture minimizes access of water to the fixture. Another benefit provided by the light fixture according to the present invention is that all major components are accessible for servicing from the light-emitting front of the fixture, under the canopy.
In FIG. 18, the LED fixture according to this invention is shown as a pendant light.
FIGS. 1, 18, 24 and 25 also show an example of a sensor 18 at the exterior of enclosure 11 for control of the fixture. Sensor 18 is shown to extend forwardly from forwardmost surface 36 of cover 30. The sensor may have a non-metallic casing of various shapes, including a substantially flat configuration. In some embodiments, control of the fixture may require receipt of a wireless signal. In such embodiments, an antenna for receiving such wireless signal may be disposed within the non-metallic casing of the sensor and outside enclosure 11.
While the principles of the invention have been shown and described in connection with specific embodiments, it is to be understood that such embodiments are by way of example and are not limiting.

## Claims

1. A light fixture comprising:
an enclosure formed by a base and a cover movably secured with respect to the base;
at least one LED emitter secured with respect to the base and in thermal communication therewith;
at least one LED power-circuitry unit secured with respect to the base such that, when the cover is closed, the power-circuitry unit is in thermal communication with the cover; and
at least one resilient member between the power-circuitry unit and the base, the resilient member(s) being configured and positioned such that, when the cover is closed, the resilient member(s) push(es) the power-circuitry unit against the cover,

whereby during operation primary heat transfer from the power-circuitry unit and primary heat transfer from the LED emitter(s) are to separate enclosure members.

2. The light fixture of claim 1 wherein the at least one resilient member comprises a compressible pad.

3. The light fixture of claim 1 further comprising:
a first locator secured with respect to the base; and
a second locator on the power-circuitry unit, the first and second locators inter-engaged to constrain the power-circuitry unit in directions parallel to a constraint plane.

4. A light fixture comprising:
an enclosure formed by a base and a cover movably secured with respect to the base;
at least one LED emitter secured with respect to the base and in thermal communication therewith;
at least one LED power-circuitry unit secured with respect to the base such that, when the cover is closed, the power-circuitry unit is in thermal communication with the cover;
a first locator secured with respect to the base; and
a second locator on the power-circuitry unit, the first and second locators inter-engaged to constrain the power-circuitry unit in directions parallel to a constraint plane, the first and second locators allow back-and-forth movement of the power-circuitry unit along a direction substantially orthogonal to the constraint plain.

5. The light fixture of claim 4 wherein:
the first locator comprises at least one post extending from the base to a distal post-end; and
the second locator is, for each post, a hollow defined by the power-circuitry unit, the post extending into the hollow such that the power-circuitry unit is slidable on the post(s) to facilitate thermal contact between the power-circuitry unit and the cover.

6. A light fixture comprising:
an enclosure formed by a base and a cover movably secured with respect to the base;
at least one LED emitter secured with respect to the base and in thermal communication therewith; and
at least one LED power-circuitry unit secured with respect to the base and being movable such that, when the cover is closed, the power-circuitry unit is being pushed toward the cover to facilitate thermal contact between the power-circuitry unit and the cover.

7. The light fixture of claim 6 further comprising at least one bracket secured with respect to the base and holding the power-circuitry unit with respect to the base when the enclosure is open.

8. The light fixture of claim 7 wherein each bracket has an affixed end secured with respect to the base and a free end positioned to engage the power-circuitry unit.

9. The light fixture of claim 8 wherein the free end of the bracket defines an aperture receiving the distal post-end.

10. The light fixture of claim 9 wherein the power-circuitry unit comprises a heat-conductive casing in thermal contact with the cover, the casing comprising a flange portion defining the hollow.

11. The light fixture of claim 10 wherein the casing of the power-circuitry unit is directionally biased toward the cover to facilitate thermal contact between the casing and the cover.

12. The light fixture of claim 6 wherein the at least one LED emitter comprises an array of LED light sources spaced along an LED-circuit board.

13. The light fixture of claim 12 wherein the cover is a metal casting supporting a light-transmitting optical member over the LED emitter(s).

14. The light fixture of claim 13 wherein the base is a single-piece metal casting.

15. A light fixture comprising:
a housing having at least first and second housing members, the second housing member movably secured with respect to the first housing member and movable with respect thereto between closed-housing and open-housing positions;
at least one LED emitter on an LED-circuit board secured with respect to the first housing member; and
at least one power-circuitry unit secured with respect to the first housing member, the power-circuitry unit being constrained such that it has a degree-of-freedom of back-and-forth movement along an axis such that, when the second housing member is in its closed-housing position, the power-circuitry unit is pushed into thermal communication with the second housing member.

16. The light fixture of claim 15 wherein the degree-of-freedom of movement is rotational about an axis fixed with respect to the first housing member.

17. A light fixture comprising:
an enclosure formed by a base and a cover movably secured with respect to the base;
a light source secured within the enclosure; and
at least one power-circuitry unit secured within the enclosure in position such that, when the enclosure is closed, the power-circuitry unit is pushed into direct contact with an exterior wall of the cover to facilitate thermal communication therebetween.

18. The light fixture of claim 17 wherein the cover is removable for complete access to within the enclosure.

19. The light fixture of claim 17 wherein the power-circuitry unit is secured with respect to the base.

20. The light fixture of claim 19 further comprising:
a first locator secured with respect to the base; and
a second locator on the power-circuitry unit, the first and second locators inter-engaged to constrain the power-circuitry unit in directions parallel to a constraint plane.

21. The light fixture of claim 17 wherein:
the cover is a metal casting supporting a light-transmitting optical member over at least one LED emitter on an LED-circuit board secured with respect to the base; and
the base is a single-piece metal casting.

22. The light fixture of claim 17 wherein the at least one power-circuitry unit is secured with respect to the base.

23. A light fixture comprising:
an enclosure formed by a base and a cover movably secured with respect to the base;
a light source secured with respect to the enclosure;
at least one power-circuitry unit secured within the enclosure in position such that, when the enclosure is closed, the power-circuitry unit is in thermal communication with the cover;
at least one post extending from the base to a distal post-end; and
for each post, a hollow defined by the power-circuitry unit, the post extending into the hollow such that the power-circuitry unit is slidable on the post(s) to facilitate thermal contact between the power-circuitry unit and the cover.