# Engineering Controls Database

Minus

## Housekeeping as a Control in Printing Operations

| Problem:                                        | Press operators and other workers in printing establishments are exposed to airborne solvent vapors generated when the press is cleaned. Press-cleaning solutions are generally a mixture of chemicals that include various solvents, some of which are carcinogens. Many of these solvents can be absorbed through the skin. Inks used in commercial printing are also potentially hazardous. In a study of printers’ inks, 29 samples of ink contained 46 different solvents in various combinations. Airborne exposures to hazardous chemicals are caused by evaporation from ink trays, rollers and blankets blending and thinning operations, and plate, blanket, screed, and press cleanup. Also, airborne particulates are generated by the printing process. The anti-offset powder used to prevent transfer of ink from the previous sheet to the back of the next sheet, typically made from corn or potato starch, has severe indices of ignition sensitivity and explosion severity, although the minimum explosive concentration (30±50 g/m3) is several orders of magnitude above the airborne concentrations expected in printing applications. Potato starch has a Class 2 flammability rating, characterized by local combustion of short duration.    |
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| What this means to you:                         | Adverse health effects from inhalation of or skin contact with cleaning solutions include dermatitis, itchy eyes, headaches, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, respiratory failure, central nervous system depression, coughing, difficulty breathing, upper respiratory tract irritation, chest pains, unconsciousness, and death. Chronic effects may include kidney and liver damage, as well as cancer. The principal adverse health effect of the great majority of the cleaning compounds is narcosis. The anti-offset powder used, typically consisting of raw ground corn or potato starch, is a potential allergic sensitizer. After long-term exposure, allergies to this dust could develop into occupational asthma.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
| Description of control:                         | Wipers used for cleaning become saturated with cleaning solvents and should be stored in a closed container until they are removed from the shop to prevent inhalation of vapors. Squeeze bottles used to apply the cleaning solvents are filled from larger containers. These containers should be located in a separate, well-ventilated room or at least close to an exhaust inlet to avoid over-exposures from the filling operation.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
| Engineering and Physical Hazard Report Numbers: | 205-12-A; 205-13-A;                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
| NAICS Codes:                                    | 323110                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| Keywords:                                       | commercial printinglithographic printingpress operatorsprinterprinting                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |

November 16, 2018
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health