FI LED U. S . COURT OF AP PE ALS E L E V E N T H C IR C U IT A ug. 21, 2008 T HOM AS K. KAHN CL E RK [ DO NO T P UB L I S H] I N THE UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS F O R T H E E L E V E N T H C IR C U IT

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________________________ D . C. D o c k e tN o . 0 5 - 2 2 6 6 5 - CV - PCH T H E O D O R E D U K E S , L Y N N S M I T H , B R I A N S C R U G G S , P la in tif f s - A p p e lle e s , v ersu s M I A M I - D A D E C O U N T Y , e t a l., D e f e n d a n ts , O F F I C E R E R I C G O L D B E R G , I n d iv id u a lly , O F F I C E R K I M B E R L Y L L A M B E S , I n d iv id u a lly , O F F I C E R E N R I Q U E G U E R R A , , I n d iv id u a lly , O F F I C E R R E G I N A D E A N , I n d iv id u a lly , D e f e n d a n ts - A p p e lla n ts .2 ________________________ A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f orthe S outhe rn D i s tr i c tof F l or i da

_________________________ ( A u gu s t 21, 2008) B efo re B IR C H , D U B IN A an d P R Y O R , C i rcu i tJu d g es. P E R C U R I A M: O f f i c e r s E r i c G ol dbe r g, K i m be r l y L l a m be s , E nr i que G ue rr a , a nd R e gi na D ean app ea l the deni al of thei r m ot i on for s um m ary j ud gm entbase d o n q ual i fi ed i m m un i ty. T he di stri ctcourtconcl ud ed thatgenu i ne i ss ues of m at er i al fa ctbarr ed s u mma ry j u d g me n t . W e a f f i rm. T h eo d o re D u k es, L yn n S m i th , an dB ri an S cru g g s fi l ed a co m p l ai n tag ai n st offi ce rs G ol db er g, L l am bes, G uerr a, and D ean thatal l eged i nj uri es ar i si ng ou tof a tra ff i c s t op fol l ow ed by a c hase and arr es t . D uk es , S m i th, and S crug gs al l eged that th e o f f ic e r s u s e d e x c e s s iv e f

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th e F o u rth a n d F o u rte e n th A m endm ent s of the U . S . C on st i tut i on and fai l ed t o i nt ervene w hen o ther off i ce rs us e d e xc e s s i ve f

or c e dur i ng the a rr e s t . T he of f i c e r s m ove d t o di s m i s s the c o m p la in t b a s e d o n q u a lif ie d im m u n ity , w h ic h th e d is tr ic t c o u rt d e n ie d in p a rt. T he of f i c e r s appe a l e d. W e a f

f i rm e d i n pa rta nd c onc l ude d tha tthe c om pl a i nt a l l e ge d s uf

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f a c taboutG ol dbe r g’ s us e of f or c e a nd3

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the of f i c e r s t o i nt e rve ne . D uke s v. M i a m i - D a de C ounty , s l i p no. 06- 1 1 6 2 9 ( 1 1 th C ir . M a y 1 0 , 2 0 0 7 ) . T hi s s e c ond appe a l by the of f i c e r s c onc e rns c ount s I I , I I I , a nd I V of the fourth am ended com pl ai nt . A gai n the di stri ctcourtdeni ed the offi ce rs qu al i fi ed i m m un i ty. T he di stri ctcourtconcl ud ed thatthere w er e genui ne i ss ues of m at er i al f a c taboutw he the rG ol dbe r g w a s j us t i f i e d i n us i ng f

or c e a ga i ns tD uke s dur i ng the fi rstst o p ; w h eth er G o l db erg an d D ean u sed d e m i n i m i s fo rce t o arrestD u k es; w hether G uerr a and L l am bes use d exces si ve force t o arr es tD uk es ; w hether G uerr a us e d de m i ni m i s f

or c e t o a rr e s tS c ruggs ; a nd w he the rG ol dbe r g, D e a n, G ue rr a , a nd L l am b es fai l ed t o i n t erv en e w h i l e o th er o ffi cers u sed ex cessi v e fo rce ag ai n st D u k es. W e r evi ew de no vo the deni al of sum m ary j ud gm entbase d o n q ual i fi ed i m m uni ty a nd c ons true a l l f a c t s a nd m a ke a l l r e a s onabl e i nf e r e nc e s i n the l i ght m os tf a vor abl e t o the nonm ovi ng pa rty . T i nke rv. B e a s l e y , 429 F . 3d 1324, 1326 ( 1 1 th C ir . 2 0 0 5 ) . T he e vi de nc e pr e s e nt e d by D uke s , S m i th, a nd S c ruggs c r e a t e s j ury que s t i ons abou tthe need for G ol db er g t o u se forc e, the am ou ntof forc e use d t o arr es tD uk es a n d S c ru g g s , a n d th e o f f ic e r s ’ p r e s e n c e , p a rtic ip a tio n in , a n d f a ilu r e to in te rv e n e in se vera l as saul t s of D uk es af t erhe w as hand cuff

ed. T he di stri ctcourt4

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ju ry to s u b s ta n tia te D u k e s ’s a n d S c ru g g s ’s a lle g a tio n s , b u t th e d is tr ic t c o u rt c o rr e c tly c onc l ude d tha tm e di c a l e vi de nc e w a s notr e qui r e d t o c r e a t e age nui ne i s s ue of m a t e r i a l f

a c tf ortr i a l . T he di s tr i c tc ourtc orr e c t l y e va l ua t e d the m ot i on f or sum m ary j ud gm enti n the l i gh tof al l egat i on s c on t ai ned i n the fourth am ended com pl ai nt , w hi ch superce ded the ea rl i ercom pl ai nt s. S ee L ow ery v. A l a. P ow er C o. , 483 F . 3d 1184, 1219–20 ( 11th C i r . 2007) . A ny c ontr a di c t i ons i n the al l egat i on s m ade by D uk es , S m i th, and S crug gs m aybe used attri al t o i m peac h the m ort o a tt a c k the i rc r e di bi l i ty . S e e F e d. R . E vi d. 608( b) ; J a c ks on v. M c W illia m s D r e d g in g C o ., 7 6 F .2 d 7 9 5 , 7 9 7 ( 5 th C ir . 1 9 3 5 ) . T h e d en i al o f su m m ary j u d g m en ti s A FFI R M ED .