SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY

APPELLATE DIVISION

DOCKET NO. A-5239-17T4

VIRGENA POLITE,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

LAURA MEDINA,

Defendant-Respondent.

__________________________

Submitted December 10, 2019 – Decided

Before Judges Hoffman and Firko.

On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law 

Division, Essex County, Docket No. SC-002652-17.

Virgena Polite, appellant pro se.

Respondent has not filed a brief.

PER CURIAM

In this Special Civil Part lawsuit, plaintiff Virgena Polite (the tenant) 

appeals from a June 19, 2018 order for judgment, dismissing her complaint for 

the return of a security deposit. We affirm.

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE

APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION

This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the 

internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.

January 7, 2020
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The facts are relatively straightforward. The matter involves a 

determination as to when the lease in question was terminated. 1 Plaintiff, as 

tenant, entered into a one-year lease of an apartment located at 58 Cypress Street 

in Newark. The initial lease term ran from June 1, 2015 through May 31, 2016, 

at a monthly rental of $1500. At the inception of the lease, plaintiff paid 

defendant Laura Medina, landlord, a security deposit in the amount of $1500.

According to plaintiff, she was forced to request an emergency move on 

June 26, 2017 with the assistance of the Newark Housing Authority (NHA). The 

NHA issued a Move Request Form. Plaintiff testified at the hearing that she had 

to move out of the apartment on August 6, 2017, because of elevated carbon 

monoxide levels in her apartment. Defendant disputed plaintiff's testimony and 

testified that on October 6, 2017, she received a text message from plaintiff that 

she vacated the apartment on October 5, 2017.

Plaintiff claims she mailed a copy of the Move Request Form to defendant

at 232 Lt. Glenn Zamorski Drive in Elizabeth via certified and regular mail. The 

record shows the letters were returned to plaintiff and the United States Postal 

Service was unable to forward the letters to defendant's address in Florida. 

1

 The lease is not included in the appellate record.
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Nonetheless, plaintiff argues this attempted service satisfied her obligation to 

notify defendant she was terminating the tenancy.

The trial judge considered the terms of the lease. Despite the evident 

intent of the landlord to lease the apartment to plaintiff for a one-year term, the 

judge aptly found the landlord and tenant relationship was "month-to-month" 

thereafter, which could only be terminated by providing the landlord thirty-days' 

notice. The rent continued at $1500 monthly. Further, the judge concluded the 

first time defendant became aware plaintiff moved was on October 6, 2017, as 

confirmed by plaintiff's text message. The judge explained:

I'm not even sure I'd [c]ount the text message as a 

written notice for a deposit in writing. The only 

evidence I have aside from the testimony that it was 

verbal was this text message dated October 6th, where 

apparently you're telling her you moved on the day 

before. 

So the Rent Security Deposit Act, with that in mind; so 

in other words, based on the evidence in front of me, it 

does not appear, based on what I have, that a written 

letter was ever sent to the landlord indicating more than 

[thirty] days beyond the day, that you intended to leave 

as of October 5, 2017.

We exercise limited review of a trial court's fact-finding in a non-jury 

case. Seidman v. Clifton Sav. Bank, S.L.A., 205 N.J. 150, 169 (2011). We are 

bound by a trial court's findings of fact when they are supported by "adequate, 
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substantial, credible evidence." Ibid. (quoting Cesare v. Cesare, 154 N.J. 394, 

411-12 (1998)). "Deference is especially appropriate when the evidence is 

largely testimonial and involves questions of credibility." Ibid. (quoting Cesare, 

154 N.J. at 412). We will only disturb the court's fact findings if "they are so 

manifestly unsupported by or inconsistent with the competent, relevant and 

reasonably credible evidence as to offend the interests of justice." Ibid. (quoting 

Cesare, 154 N.J. at 412). We review the court's legal conclusions de novo. 

Manalapan Realty v. Manalapan Twp. Comm., 140 N.J. 366, 378 (1995).

N.J.S.A. 46:8-21.1 provides in part:

Within [thirty] days after the termination of the tenant's 

lease . . . the owner or lessee shall return by personal 

delivery, registered or certified mail the sum so 

deposited plus the tenant's portion of the interest or 

earnings accumulated thereon, less any charges 

expended in accordance with the terms of a contract, 

lease, or agreement, to the tenant . . . .

"In order to prove a cause of action for the return of a security deposit, the 

former tenant must show the existence and subsequent termination of a landlordtenant relationship, the receipt of a security deposit by the landlord, and the 

failure of the landlord to return the deposit moneys." Veliz v. Meehan, 258 N.J. 

Super. 1, 4 (App. Div. 1992).

N.J.S.A. 46:8-10 provides:
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Whenever a tenant whose original term of leasing shall 

be for a period of one month or longer shall hold over 

or remain in possession of the demised premises 

beyond the term of the letting, the tenancy created by 

or resulting from acceptance of rent by the landlord 

shall be a tenancy from month to month in the absence 

of any agreement to the contrary.

A tenant terminates a month-to-month tenancy by giving one month's 

notice of termination. Maglies v. Estate of Guy, 386 N.J. Super. 449, 453-54 

(App. Div. 2006). A landlord may terminate a month-to-month tenancy "by the 

giving of [one] month's notice to quit . . . ." N.J.S.A. 2A:18-56(b); Center Ave. 

Realty, Inc. v. Smith, 264 N.J. Super. 344, 350 (App. Div. 1993).

Thus, here the lease did not terminate until October 5, 2017, when plaintiff 

moved out. The judge correctly determined that the lease remained in effect for 

the month of October, thereby obligating plaintiff to pay the rent of $1500 for 

that month, entitling the landlord to keep the $1500 security deposit to cover the 

unpaid rent. The Move Request Form did not serve as valid notice of 

termination of the tenancy. Moreover, the Move Request Form was not served 

upon defendant.

Here, sufficient credible evidence supports the termination of the original 

tenancy, the creation of a new month-to-month tenancy, and plaintiff's failure to 

properly terminate that tenancy. The trial judge therefore properly denied 
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plaintiff's claim for the return of her security deposit, which defendant rightfully 

applied to plaintiff's October 2017 owed rent. We discern no reason to interfere 

with the court's findings of fact or conclusions of law.

Affirmed.