NIOSH GRANTS 

RESEARCH and 

DEMONSTRATION GRANTS 

AWARDED in 

FISCAL YEAR 1979 

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 

Public Health Service 

Center for Disease Control 

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 
NIOSH GRANTS - 1979 

RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION 

GRANTS AWARDED IN 

FISCAL YEAR 1979 

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEAL TH AND HUMAN SERVICES 

Public Healtn Service 

Center for Disease Control 

National Institute for nccupational Safety and Health 

Rockville, Maryland 20857 

May 1980 
DISCLAIMER 

Mention of company names or products does not constitute endorsement by the National Institute 

for Occupational Safety and Health. 

DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 80-117 
CONTENTS 

FOREWORD 

RESEARCH GRANTS PROGRAM ANNOUNCEMENT 

RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION GRANTS SUMMARIES BY EMPHASIS AREA 

A. CAUSES OF DISEASE AND TOXIC EFFECTS IN THE WORKPLACE 

l 

3 

1. Occupational ~kin Disorders · (OH714) Pathomechanisms ·of Chemica]ly Induced Depigmentation ..... . ... 5 

(OH773) Occupationally-Induced Isocyanate Reactions .. . .... . .......... 6 

( OH780) Cancer. Risks in Cosmeto 1 ogi sts ............. . ................. 7 

2. Occupational Neurologic Disorders 

(OH535) Neurotoxicity and Teratology of Industrial Chemicals ....... . . 8 

(OH707) Longitudinal Study of Effects of Mercury Exposure ........... 10 

(OH740) Methyl Methocrylate Induced Changes in CNS Activity .. . ...... 11 

(OH823) Occupational Neuropathies to Industrial Chemicals ......... . . 12 

3. Cardiovascular Disease 

(OH897) Cadmium and Hypertension .......................... . ......... 13 

(OH906) Job Conditions, Occupation and Coronary Heart Disease ....... 14 

4. Reproductive Effects 

(OH742) Biological Effects of Nitrous Oxide Used in Dentistry .. . .... 16 

(OH775) Anesthetic Exposure and Health of Dental Personnel ...... . .. 17 

(OH803) Occupational Exposures and Selected Congenital Defects ...... 18 

(OH835) Occupational Risks of Pesticide Exposure for Females ........ 19 

(OH856) Occupational Exposures and Rates of DNA Damage .............. 20 

(OH858) Thermoregulatory Response of Women ..................... . .... 21 

(OH896) Physiological Adaptation of Women to Heat Stress ............ 22 

(OH912) Toxicology of Prenatally Administered Arsenic ........ ~ ...... 23 

5. Digestive Diseases 

6. Occupational Respiratory Disease 

(OH360) Imnune Injury in Occupational Respiratory Disease .......... ,24 

(OH367) Respiratory Tract Irritants; Mechanisms and Tolerance •.•... 26 

(OH398) Pathogenesis of Allergic Pulmonary Aspergillosis ............ 28 

(OH622) Anesthetic Metabolism--Toxic Effects in Personnel ........... 29 

(OH653) Industrial Dust Interaction with Respiratory Mucosa ... . ..... 30 

(OH681) Pulmonary Effects of Vinyl Chloride ......................... 32 

(OH763) Hypersensitivity Lung Disease in Animal Workers . . ........... 33 

(OH796) Aflatoxin Exposures of Agricultural Workers ... . .. . .......... 34 

(OH825) Respiratory Hazards of Swine Confinement Workers .. . .. . ...... 35 

(OH914) Lung Cancer Screening of Workers at High Risk ............... 36 

iii 
B. CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PREVENTION OF EXPOSURE TO TOXIC AGENTS 

7. Control Technology (OH735) Respiratory Stress and Occupational Respirator Wear ........ 37 

(OH744) Methods for Reducing Exposure to Cotton Dust ............... 38 

(OH755) . Control of Indoor Air Contaminants ......................... 39 

(OH774) Sampling Efficiencies of Personal Particulate Samplers ..... 40 

(OH811) Better Hygiene Through Systematic Equipment Location ....... 41 

(OH822) Coal Dust Control by Condensation Enlargement .............. 42 

(OH838) Control of Volatile Materials in Surface Coatings .......... 43 

(OH860) Developing Cotton Cultivars with Caducous Bracts ........... 44 

(OH953) Control Technology Demonstration-Furniture Industry ........ 45 

(OH959) Design and Demonstration of a Ventilation System ........... 46 

8. Asbestos and Asbestos Substitutes 

(OH647) Continuous Optical Monitoring of Asbestos in Air ........... 47 

(OH682) Shipyard Asbestos Disease: Low-Level Effects .............. 48 

(OH888) Cocarcinogenic Mechanisms of Asbestos ................... . .. 50 

(OH910) Asbestos Substitute Fabrics for Safety Clothing ............ 51 

C. PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE WORKPLACE 

9. Behavioral and Motivational Factors 

(OH631) Repeated Schedule-Shifts, Rhythms and Life Span on Mice .... 52 

(OH777) A Behavioral Approach: Motivational/Financial Impact ...... 54 

(OH917) Sleep of Shift Workers ..................................... 55 

D. SAFETY AND INJURY PREVENTION 

10. Safety. 

( OH404) Prevention of Acci denta 1 Head Injury ....................... 56 

(OH766) Fracture Resistance of Ophthalmic Lens/Frame Systems ....... 58 

(OH820) Increased Safety in Carrying Bulky Objects ................. 59 

(OH849) Safety in Grain Bins ....................................... 60 

11. Musculoskeletal and Back Disorders 

(OH514) Back Injuries: Mechanical Stress in the Human Spine ....... 61 

(OH679) An Investigation of Occupational Wrist Injuries in Women ... 63 

(DH745) Vibration and Industrially Related Low Back Disease ........ 64 

(OH798) Effects of Task Variables on Lifting Capacity .............. 66 

E. EMERGING PROBLEMS IN OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 

12. Energy/Mining 

(DH929) Occupational Health Risks of Workers in Atomic Plants ...... 67 

13. Sidestream Smoking 

iv 
F. NOT OTHERWISE CLASSIFIED 

14. Other Research for Occupational Safety and Health 

(OH316) Metabolism of Industria 1 Toxi cants ........................ 68 

(OH350) Damage-Risk Contours for Intermittent Noise Exposure ...... 70 

(OH364) The Effects of Impulse Noise on the Auditory System ....... 72 

(OH611) Mechanism of Action: Carcinogenic O-Methylarylamines ..... 74 

(OH690) Cohort Mortality Study of Dimethylnitrosamine Workers ..... 75 

(OH705) Animal Model to Study the Effects of Noise on Humans ...... 76 

(OH706) Test of Environmental Toxins on Behavior of Mice ........•. 77 

(OH739) Atomic Spectrometry of Occupational Health Samples ........ 78 

(QH781) Increase of Toxicity of Trace Anesthetics by UV Light ..... 79 

(OH836) Heat Strain: Biophysical and Physiological Evaluation .... 80 

(OH859) Dosimetry for Non-Ionizing Radiation ...................... 81 

(OH874) Physio. Responses to Exposures to Intermittent Heat ....... 82 

(OH876) Novel LC Multielement Methods for Occupational Health ..... 83 

(OH886) Burden and Health Impairment in Dent. Auxiliaries ......... 84 

(OH889) Predicting Diluted Vapor Ratios for Mixtures .............. 85 

(OH913) Lead: Its Renal Handling, Renin and Erythropoietin ....... 86 

(OH915) Epidemiological Study of Malignant Melanoma ............... 88 

(OH920) Multiple Myeloma and Brain Tumors in Physicians ........... 89 

(OH960) An Occupational History Module for Cancer Patients ........ 90 

(OH932) Mortality Experience of Workers Exposed to Haloethers ..... 91 

15. Research Meetings (OH694) VII International Congress of Rural Medicine .............. 92 

(OH848) Symposium Effects of Noise on Hearing ..................... 93 

RRESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION GRANTS AWARDED IN FISCAL YEAR 1979 .... 94 

RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION GRANTS SUMMARY BY PROGRAM AREA ......... 99 

RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION GRANTS DISTRIBUTION BY REGION ......... 101 

RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION GRANTS DISTRIBUTION BY STATE .......... 102 

INDEX OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS ................................. 103 

INDEX OF GRANTEE INSTITUTIONS .................................... 105 

V 

FOREWORD 

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 

plans, directs, and coordinates the national program effort to develop 

and establish recommended occupational safety and health standards and 

to conduct research, training, and related activities to assure safe and 

healthful working conditions for every working man and woman. Under the 

provisions of the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977, and the 

Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, research investigations, 

particularly those in which dose-effect relationships may be identified 

and quantified thereby leading to the development of effective standards, 

represent one of the principal areas of responsibility of NIOSH. 

NIOSH employs many mechanisms including the awarding of grants to 

eligible institutions and organizations for research projects relating 

to innovative approaches to understanding the underlying characteristics 

of occupational safety and health problems and for effective solutions 

in dealing with them. Grant support is also available for demonstration 

projects which are designed to show the technical and economic feasibility of new or improved methodologies for dealing with occupational safety and health problems. 

This report, which describes the research and demonstration projects supported through grants should interest scientists, engineers, 

physicians, and others currently engaged in or contemplating research 

germane to the responsibilities and functions of NIOSH. 

~~:.t~ 

Director 

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 

RESEARCH GRANTS POC>GRAM ANNOUNCEMENT 

Canpetitive grant applications are being accepted for research and 

dE?IK)nstrations relating to occupational safety and health including 

innovative methods, techniques, and approaches for dealing with 

occupational safety and health problems. This support is in the form of 

project grants not exceeding 5 years. Eligible applicants may be 

universities, colleges, research institutions and other public and 

private nonprofit. organizations including State and local governments. 

A research grant application should address the establishment, 

discovery, developnent, elucidation or confirmation of information on 

the underlying mechanisns relating to occupational safety or health, 

including innovative methods, techniques, and approaches for dealing 

with occupational safety and health problems. 

A demonstration gr'ant application should address, · either on a pilot or 

full-scale basis, the technical or economic feasibility or application 

of: (1) A new or improved occupational safety or health procedure, 

method, technique, or system; or (2) an innovative method, technique, or 

approach for dealing with occupational safety or health problems. 

Particular emphasis is placed on: 1) causes and prevention of the 

following occupational diseases or disorders: skin, neurologic, 

respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive and reproductive; 2) control 

technology including asbestos and asbestos substitutes; 3) behavioral 

and motivational factors; 4) safety and injury prevention including 

musculoskeletal and back disorders; and 5) emerging problems 

particularly energy/radiation and sidestream snoking. 

Applications are reviewed by an appropriate peer review group o~ tpe 

basis of scientific merit, including an assessnent of the importance of 

the proposed research problem; the novelty and originality of the · approach; the training, experience, and research canpetence or prcxnise 

of the investigator(s); the adequacy bf the experimental design; the 

suitability of the facilities; and the appropriateness of the requested 

budget relative to the v.ork proposed. 

Danonstration grant applications are reviewed additionally on the basis 

of the following criteria: 

1. Degree to which project objectives are clearly established, obtainable, and for which progress toward attainment can and will''be measured. 

2. Availability, adequacy and canpetence of personnel, facilities, and 

other resources needed to carry out the project. 

3. Degree to which the project can be expected to yield or dE?IK)nstrate 

results that will be useful and desirable on a national or regional 

basis. 

4. The substantive merit and potential contribution of the project 

3 
toward developing knowledge and techniques for meeting the objectives of 

the Occupational Safety and Health Act. 

5. Extent of and expected cooperation of industry, unions, or other 

participants in the project, where applicable. 

Applications are subnitted on Form PHS-398 (or PHS-5161-1 for State and 

local governments). Forms are available fran the institutional business 

offices or fran the addresses listed below. 

An original and six copies (original and two for State and local 

governments) of the application are sent or delivered to: 

Application Receipt 

Division of Research Grants, NIH 

Roan 240, Westw:xxl Building 

Bethesda, Maryland 20205 

The proposed timetable for receiving applications and awarding grants 

is as follows: 

Application Review Group Expected 

Deadline Meetin~ Date Start Date 

March 1 June Dec 1 

July 1 Oct/Nov Apr 1 

November 1 Feb/Mar Jul 1 

Awards will be made based on priority score ranking, emphasis area, 

and availability of funds. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 

Mr. Joseph W. West 

Grants Management Officer 

NIOSH 

5600 Fishers Lane, Roan 8-35. Rockville, Maryland 20857 

Telephone: (301) 443-3122 

Mr. Roger A. Nelson 

Grants Program Officer 

NIOSH 

5600 Fishers Lane, Roan 8-63 

Rockville, Maryland 20857 

(301) 443-4493 

These grants are awarded and administered by NIOSH under the research 

and demonstration grant authority of Section 20(a)(1) of the 

Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (29 U.S.C. 669(a)(1)). 

Program regulations applicable to these grants are contained in Part 87 

of Title 42, Code of Federal Regulations with the basic grant 

administration policies of the Public Health Service being applicable. 

This program is not subject to 0MB Circular A-95. 

(Catalog of Federal Danestic Assistance Program No. 13.262, Occupational 

Safety and Health Research Graμts.) 

4 
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 

San Francisco, California 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Gerald A. Gellin, M.D. 

Department of Dermatology 

University of California 

San Francisco Medical Center 

San Francisco, CA 94143 

TITLE 

GRANT NUMBER: 5 ROl OH00714-03 

Pathomechanisms of Chemically Induced Depigmentation 

SUMMARY 

The goals of this study are to investigate depigmentin9 actions of chemicals 

on mammalian skin observed in the home, community or occupational environment. 

In' vivo studies provide information on pathomechanisms of fhe chemically induced 

depigmentation. In vitro studies provide: 1) quick screening techniques for 

chemicals which have the depigmenting potential; and 2) further clarification 

of molecular biological changes which occur in both melanocytes and keratino~ 

cytes by direct contact of the chemi ca 1 s. Newly d_eve 1 oped chemi ca 1 techniques 

will be reevaluated in order to apply them to quantitative · screening of chemicals which cause skin depigmentation. 

The depigmenting capacity of a variety of phenolics and catecholics, and 

their congers will be studied using black guinea pigs and black mice. The 

histological, histochemical, and autoradiographic examination of normal, 

irritated, and depigmented animal skin with light and electron microscopy will 

be performed. 

The findings so far have demonstrated that 4 -- tertiary butyl catechol 

(TBC) depigmentation does not occur in the pigmented ear skin of Used strain 

hairless mice. This conclusion contrasts with findings with the pigmented 

ear skin of guinea pigs and indicates that genetic factors are involved in 

TBC depigmentation. 

PUBLICATIONS 

Mansur, J., Gellin, G.A. 1978. Fukuyama, K. and Epstein, W.L.: Effects of 

4-tertiary butyl catechol on tissue cultured melanocytes. J. Invest. 

Derm. 70:275-279. 

Hoshino, S., Gell in, G.A. 1979. Epstein, J.H. and Fukuyama, K.: Effects of 

4-tertiary butyl catechol (TBC) on melanocytes (MC) in hairless mice. 

Clin. Res. 23:18A. 

5 
UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI 

Cincinnati, Ohio 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

I. Leonard Bernstein, M.D. 

University of Cincinnati 

231 Bethesda ftvenue 

Cincinnati, Ohio 45267 

TITLE 

GRANT NUMBER: 5 ROl OH00773-02 

Occupationally-Induced Isocyanate Reactions 

SUMMARY 

The specific aims of this grant are the: 

1) Preparation, standardization and analysis of stable isocyanate protein 

conjugates by a) previously established laboratory methods; b) a new technique 

utilizing addition of TOI vapors to protein solutions and subsequent determination of ureido and urethane linkages by a "materials balance" apparatus. 

2) Development of a reproducible murine model of homocytotropic antibody 

induced by a) toluene diisocyanate; b) hexamethylene diisocyanate. Hapten specificity of this model was proved and haptan cross-reactivity between TOI and 

HDI was also investigated. 

3) Induction of homocytotropic antibody to TOI and HDI in a susceptible strain 

of guinea pig (English short hair strain). Haphan specificity and crossreactivity of these antibodies were to be studied in the same manner as the 

murine HCA model. Anaphylactic reactions of guinea pigs passively sensitized 

with rabbit specific anti-haptenic antibodies were also included in this phase 

of the research. 

4) Chronic exposure of guinea pigs to isocyanate vapors with special attention 

to a) controlled monitoring of isocyanate vapors in special chambers; b) immunologic phenomena occurring during the course of these exposures; c) serial 

physiologic monitoring of the animals before, during and at the conclusion of 

exposure; d) final pathologic assessment of anatomical changes occuring as a 

result of these experiments. 

5) A series of experiments to determine the contact sensitization potential of 

isocyanates as well as a method of measuring these effects in guinea pigs. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

6 
YALE UNIVERSITY 

New Haven, Connecticut 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

J. Wister Meigs, M.D. 

Yale University School of Medicine 

Connecticut Cancer Epidemiology Unit 

30 College Street 

New Haven, Connecticut 06510 

TITLE 

Cancer Risks in Cosmetologists 

SUMMARY 

GRANT NUMBER: 1 ROl OH00780-02 

This study will investigate the incidence of cancer of all sites among 

cosmetologists who were licensed in Connecticut before December, 1965 and will 

obtain a more definitive test of preliminary results which suggested that the 

cosmetologists have an increased risk of acute leukemia. The proposed study will 

increase the size of the study group by including in the target population 5,000 

cosmetologists whose date of birth was previously unavailable. Follow-up status 

as of December, 1978 will be determined for all cosmetologists. The expected 

number of cases of cancer of individual sites will be determined by applying to 

the group at risk the cancer incidence rates of the general Connecticut popula- tion, specific for age, calendar year, sex and site. Cancer cases among the 

cosmetologists will be ascertained through December, 1978 by· computer linkage of 

the names in the study group with those reported to the Connecticut Tumor 

Registry. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

7 
YESHIVA UNIVERSITY 

Albert Einstein College of Medicine 

The Bronx, New York 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Peter S. Spencer, Ph.D. 

Scientific Director 

Neurotoxicology Unit 

Albert Einstein College of ~edicine 

1410 Pelham Parkway 

Bronx, New York 10461 

TITLE 

GRANT NUMBER: 2 ROl OH00535-04 

A Neuropathologic Study of Acrylamide Intoxication 

SUMMARY 

The objectives of the study are to develop new, sensitive methods for the 

assessment of chemically induced neurotoxicity and neuroteratogenicity and to 

illuminate the mechanism of neurotoxin-induced nerve fiber degeneration. , ' 

The experimental part of this study will examine the known neurotoxicity 

and the possible neuroteratogenicity of the vinyl monomer acrylamide and the 

ketonic solvent 2,5-hexanedione (the primary toxic metabolite of the hexacarbon 

solvents n-hexane and methyl n-butyl ketone). These compounds are widely used 

in commercially important polymers and solvents, but their neurotoxic properties make them significant industrial chemical hazards and environmental 

pollutants. Previous experimental studies with these chemicals, which demonstrated their ability to produce central-peripheral distal axonopathy, 

will be extended to examine by_ light and electron microscopy and by electron 

microprobe analysis: 1) the brain damage produced by chronic low-level systemic 

intoxication; 2) the extent and reversibility of nervous system damage after 

chronic exposure to these neurotoxins; 3) the differential effects of acute 

and chronic intoxication on the axon and supporting cells (Schwann cell, 

oligodendrocyte and astrocyte) in fetal, post-natal, adult, and aged states. 

These data will bear heavily on their understanding of the site of action of 

these agents and why the distal parts of central and peripheral nerve fibers 

are vulnerable to systemic intoxication. Light and electron microscopy will 

also be employed to study any abnormalities in the nervous system of fetal and 

post-natal rats which have been exposed to acrylamide or to 2,5-hexanedione 

in utero. The clinical part of study will develop and evaluate a simple assay 

of palmar vibration sensibility presently being used in acrylamide manufacturing plants for the detection of early, sub-clinical neurological damage in 

potentially exposed workers. 

8 
PUBLICATIONS 

Spencer, P.S., Weinbe~g, H.J., Krygier-Brevart, V. and Zabrenetzky, V.: An in 

vivo method to prepare normal Schwann cells free of axons and myeling. 

Brain Research, in press. 

Achaumburg, H.H. and Spencer, P.S.: Clinical and experimental studies of distal 

axonopathy - a frequent form of nerve and brain damage produced by environmental 

chemical hazards, Annals of the N.Y. Academy of Science, in press. 

Schaumburg, H.H. and Spencer, P.S.: The toxic neuropathies - a review. 

Neurology, in press. 

Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.: Neurotoxic chemicals as probes of cellular 

mechanisms of neuromuscular disease. Excerpta Medica, in press. 

Schaumburg, H.H. and Spencer, P.S.: Toxic models of disorders of the 

peripheral nervous system. Excerpta Medica, in press. 

Schaumburg, H.H. and Spencer·, P.S.: To~ic models of certain disorders of 

the nervous system - a teaching monograph. Neurotoxicology, in press. 

Weinberg, E.L. and Spencer, P.S: Studies on the control of myelinogenesis. 

3. Signaning of oligodendrocyte myelination by regenerating peripheral 

axons. Brain Research, in press. 

Spencer, P.S. and schaumburg, H.H. 1978. Distal axonopathy-one common type of neurotoxic lesion. Environmental Health perspectives, 26:97. 

Schaumburg, H.H. and Spencer, P.S. 1978. Environmental Hydrocarbons produce 

degeneration in cat hypothalamus and optic tract. Science 199:199. 

Weinbeg, H.J. and Spencer, P.S. 1978. Tha fate of Schwann cells isolated from 

axonal contact. Journal of Neurocytology, 7:555. 

Specner, P.S. and Weinberg, H.J. 1978. Axonal specification of Schwann cell 

expression and myelination. In: The Physiology and Pathobiology of Axons 

(edited by Waxman, S.), Ravem Press, New York. 

Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H. 1978. The pathobiology of neurotixoc axonal 

degeneration. In: The Physiology and Pathobiology of Axons (edited by 

Waxman, S.}, Raven Press, New York. 

Spencer, P.S., Bischoff, M.C. and Schaumburg, H.H. 1978. On the specific molecular configuration of neurotoxic aliphatic hexacarborn compounds causing 

central-peripheral distal axonopathy. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 44: 

Could, R. M., Lasek, R.H. and Spencer, P.S. 1978. Phosphinositide metabolism 

in peripheral axons. In: Cyclitols and the Phosphinositides, (edited by 

Fesinberg, F. and Wells, W.W.) New York, Academic Press. 

9 
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 

Ann Arbor, Michigan 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Gary D. Langolf, Ph . D. 

TITLE 

Industrial and Operations Engineering 

2260 G. G. Brown Laboratory 

The University of Michigan 

Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 

GRANT NUMBER: 5 ROl OH00707-03 

Longitudinal Study of Effects of Mercury Exposure 

SUMMARY 

This research will demonstrate the use of an advanced behavioral testing 

methodology as a part of medical monitoring of workers exposed to inorganic 

mercury. It will also evaluate possible subclinical changes in tremor, electromyographic spectra, and psychomotor functions in mercury-exposed chloralkali workers. 

By employing a longitudinal design, this research will use test measures 

that explore timewise functional changes in individual workers after they are 

either newly introduced to mercury exposure or removed from mercury exposure. 

Previously tested mercury exposed workers will also be retested on a continuing basis in order to explore the possibility of functional changes which may 

accompany long-term chronic exposures. A methodology and statistical basis 

for using sensitive subclinical tests will be provided as an aid in controlling individual workers 1 exposure to inorganic mercury. The longitudinal 

monitoring methods developed may also be applicable to control of exposure to 

other potentially neurotoxic substances. 

PUBLICATIONS 

Langolf, G.D., Chaffin, D.B., Henderson, R., and H.P. Whittle. nec. 1978. 

Evaluation of l.Jorkers Exposed to Elemental Mercury Using Ouantitative Tests 

of Tremor and Neuromuscular Functions. AIHA Journal. 

10 
TEMPLE UNIVERSITY 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 

GRANT NUMBER: 5 ROl OH00740-02 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

David L. Innes, Ph.D. 

TITLE 

Department of Physiology and Biophysics 

Temple University 

Health Sciences Center 

3223 North Broad Street 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 

Methyl Methacrylate Induced Changes in CNS Activity 

SUMMARY 

This research will investigate the hypothesis that neuronal activity in 

the hypothalmic area of the rat is markedly depressed during acute exposure to 

methyl methacrylate (MMA) vapor. The cortical EEG and multiple unit activity 

from those brain regions involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal 

function will be studied. The investigators will also determine if chronic 

exposure to MMA vapor alters those neuronal structures found to be acutely 

affected over a longer period of time. 

Adult rats under Nembutal anesthesia will be implanted with recording 

electrodes in four specific brain loci, rats will be exposed to methacrylate 

vapor in room air at 400 ppm for one hour and multiple unit activity will be 

recorded from lateral, ventromedial, anterior and posterior regions of the 

hypothalamus, amygdala and hippocampus. ·controls from these studies will 

include recordings from brain areas unrelated to GI function, exposure of rats 

to a related acrylate, exposure of rats to an agent unrelated but with a 

pungent odor, and exposure of rats following severance of the olfactory nerves. 

The site of electrode implantation will be verified histologically at 

termination after production of direct current marking lesions. In the second 

phase, multiple unit recording electrodes will be chronic positioned into 

those neuronal structures with the greatest amount of change in the acute phase. 

Rats will be exposed to concentrations of 400, 100, and 25 ppm of methyl 

methacrylate monomer vapor in air, verified by gas chromatography. An Anova 

analysis of recording data will be ~onducted. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

11 
DUKE UNIVERSITY 

Durham, North Carolina 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Mohamed B. Abou-Donia, Ph.D. 

Assistant Professor 

Department of Pharmacology 

Duke University Medical Center 

Durham, North Carolina 27710 

TITLE 

GRANT NUMBER: l ROl OH00823-0l 

Occupational Neuropathies Due to Industrial Chemicals 

SUMMARY 

Outbreaks of occupational neuropathies due to industrial chemicals are 

well documented. Many different chemicals are known to cause damage to the 

human nervous system. The recent outbreak of neuropathy among some workers in 

a Texas factory where the delayed neurotoxic insecticide leptophos was manufactured and packaged is an example of occupational neuropathies. The possibility that those workers might have been exposed to other "neurotoxic" 

chemicals such as n-hexane, which was used in the plant, made it difficult to 

establish a relationship between leptophos exposure and worker symptoms. The 

purpose of the proposed study is to investigate the effect of inhaled hexacarbon solvent vapors, i.e. n-hexane, methyl n-butyl ketone, 2,5-hexanedione 

and 2,5-hexanediol on the production of delayed neurotoxicity by topically 

applied EPN (o-ethyl o-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate) which is 

neurotoxic in hens. It is also proposed to study the effect of these solvents 

on the hepatic microsomal enzyme activities in hens. A study is proposed to 

investigate the effect of hexacarbon solvents on the pharmacokinetics and 

metabolism of carbon 14-EPN 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

12 
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Bohdan R. Nechay, D.V.M. 

Associate Professor 

UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS 

Galveston, Texas 

GRANT NUMBER: 1 ROl OH00897-0l 

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology 

University of Texas Medical Branch 

Galveston, Texas 77550 

TITLE 

Cadmium and Hypertension 

SUMMARY 

The purpose of this study will be ·to examine the possible relationship 

between cadmium exposure and hypertension. Preliminary observations have 

indicated that pre-eiposure of rats to cadmium produced an increase in arterial reactivity to adrenergic stimulation. This investigation plans to 

elucidate the mechanism by which cadmium raises the vascular reactivity to 

adrenergic stimulation and ultimately to explore the role that cadmium 

exposure plays in the development of hypertensive disease in man. 

The specific aims proposed are to: (1) determine if the enhanced vascular 

responsiveness to norepinephrine is associated with the development of hypertension; (2) defi~e a cadmiu~ exposufe regiment which will ' consistently _lead 

to increased vascular reactivity and hypertension; (3) determine if the 

enhanced vascular reactivity includes increased responsiveness to other 

vasoactive agents; (4) determine if there are other factors altered by 

cadmium such as renal salt retention; (5) determine whether a genetic predisposition to hypertension influ~nces the response to cadmium; and (6) establish 

the mechanism of vascular effect of cadmium. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

13 
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Robert A. Karasek, Ph.D. 

Room 302 

Seeley Mudd Bldg. 

Columbia University 

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 

New York, New York 

GRANT NUMBER: 1 ROl OH00906-0l 

New York, New York, 10027 

TITLE 

Job Conditions, Occupation and Coronary Heart Disease 

SUMMARY 

The object of this research is to examine U.S. data on cardiovascular disease and job conditions for associations similar to those recently obtained 

by these researchers in cross-sectional and prospective analysis of Swedish 

national data. Those findings confirmed the relationaship between C.V.D. and 

psychosocial job characteristics using a previously untested model of job psychological strain development based on job decision latitude (low) and psychological job demands. These same job characteristics have been previously 

shown to be stress-related in both U.S. data and Swedish data based on comparable populations and survey instruments. 

This project will examine five major U.S. data base including information 

on job characteristics and C.V.D. or C.H.D.: The H.I.S. (1972); H.E.S. 

(1960-62); H.A.N.E.S. (1970-75) the Western Collaborative Study, and the 

Framingham Study. While data measuring job characteristics is generally weak 

in all existing large scale U.S. C.V.D.-C.H.D. data bases, the above surveys 

do contain either limited direct measures of the relevant job characteristics 

or detailed U.S. Census Occupational Codes (382 categories). These codes can 

be used to indirectly assess job condition impacts with the help of job 

characteristic-occupation data in three national U.S. working condition surveys (1969, 1972, 1977). The U.S. data bases also allow isolation of the 

unique contribution of job conditions to C.V.D. risk, through multivariate 

control for conventional risk factors (especially age, smoking, serum cholesterol, type A behavior and socio-economic status.) It should be noted that 

this model, based on work environment conditions, represents an alternative 

psycho-social mechanism of disease development to that implied by current 11Type A11 behavior research {based on personality characteristics). Also, 

previous U.S. and Swedish findings based on the model have not substantially 

weakened when socio-economic status is controlled. 

The presently available U.S. data probably cannot provide the final assessment of job-related C.H.D. risk. This project makes maximum use of the 

14 
extensive existing data resources, and should provide a basis for development 

of more exact data collection instruments in the future. This project output 

will include a recommended job analysis instrument, as well as a discussion 

of detailed occupational categories presently at risk in the U.S. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

15 
AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION HEALTH FOUNDATION 

Chicago, Illinois 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR . 

TITLE 

A. Carl Verrusio, Ph.D. 

American Dental Association 

Health Foundation 

211 East Chicago Avenue 

Chicago, Illinois 60611 

GRANT NUMBER: 5 ROl OH00742-02 

Biological Effects of Nitrous Oxide Used in Dentistry 

SUMMARY 

This research will 1) determine if chronic exposure to low levels of nitrous 

oxide is teratogenic and/or mutagenic in rats and mice and, 2) to investigate 

the toxic effects, if any of nitrous oxide at low levels and delineate the 

biochemical machanisms of this toxicity. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

16 
STANFORD UNIVERSITY 

Stanford, California 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Ellis N. Cohen, M.D. 

Stanford University 

Department of Anesthesia 

Stanford, California 94305 

TITLE 

GRANT NUMBER: 5 ROl OH00775-02 

Anesthetic Exposure and Health of Dental Personnel 

SUMMARY 

The objectives of this study are to conduct a comprehensive epidemiologic 

survey investigating possible health hazards present in the dental operatory 

involving both dentists and their chairside assistants. A second objective is 

to define the possible role of anesthetic exposure to the waste gases as causal 

in any noted increase of these health problems. A third objective is to 

separate the effects of nitrous oxide from other inhalation anesthetics in order 

to determine which anesthetic agent or combinations are contributory. ·A. f9urth 

objective is to determine the effect of cigarette smoking upon fetal viability 

and the development of fetal abnormalities. Finally, the study would attempt 

to determine the effect of administration of an inhalation anesthetic during a 

given trimester to a pregnant woman upon fetal outcome. 

The present survey is to be conducted through mail questionnaires distributed to a representative segment of the approximately 100,000 members of the 

American Dental Association and a random sample of their 150,000 dental assistants. The study design calls for two consecutive mailings, followed by personal 

telephone calls to the non-responders. Since the validity of the epidemiologic 

approach depends upon completeness of the response rate, every effort is to be 

made to ensure the highest possible return rate of the questionnaires. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

17 
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY 

Baltimore, Maryland 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Genevieve Matanoski, M.D., Dr.P.H. 

Professor of Epidemiology 

Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and 

Public Health 

615 N. Wolfe Street 

Baltimore, Maryland 21205 

·TITLE 

GRANT NUMBER: 1 ROl OH00803-0l 

Occupational Exposures and Selected Congenital Defects 

SUMMARY 

Several studies have associated occupational exposures with the subsequent 

development of disease in the exposed workers, but relatively little work has 

been done on the reproductive effects of various exposures. 

Deleterious reproductive effects may be manifested as children born with 

severe defects. In particular, congenital heart disease is of interest because, unlike lesions that are clearly genetically transmitted, prior research 

has indicated that certain lesions can result from exogenous agents, such as 

chemicals (eg, drugs) used during pregnancy and viruses (eg, rubella) contracted during pregnancy. 

This study proposes to investigate the feasibility of using a geographically defined birth population of congenital heart disease cases and compare 

them with a simtlarly defined random sample of normal controls for differences 

in parental occupations grouped according to possible exposures. A second 

set of controls with Down's Syndrome is included to control for bias of reca 11. 

The study uses a retrospective approach because the incidence of congenital heart defects, particularly tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonic stenosis 

with ~nd without ventricular septal defect, is relatively rare. Primary 

interest would center on grouping parental occupations according to possible 

exposures to lead, anesthetic gases, and detergents. Other variables of interest to be included in the analyses are pregnancy history, smoking, alcohol, 

and drug use during pregnancy. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

18 
LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY 

New Orleans, Louisiana 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

William J. Swarti, Ph .D. 

Department of Anatomy 

Louisiana State University 

Medical Center 

1542 Tulane Avenue 

New Orleans, Louisiana 70112 

TITLE 

GRANT NUMBER: 

Occupational Risks of Pesticide Exposure for Females 

SUMMARY 

ROl OH00835-0l 

This study is designed to characterize some of the occupational hazards 

that confront both pregnant and non-pregnant females engaged in occupations 

in which pesticide exposure is a distinct possibility. This investigation 

will explore the effect of pesticide exposure on embryonic gonadal developme'nt 

and on basic reproductive processes of the sexually mature female . . · Pesticides 

to be employed in this study are DDT, Diazinon, Malathion and Carbaryl. In 

the first part of this study, both chick and mouse embryos will be exposed to 

a single pesticide during the period of gonadal development. Effects of the 

pesticides on nonnal embryological development of the gonads an·d on sex differentiation will then be avaluated. This will involve tabulating the number 

of primordial genn cells (PGCs) colonizing the gonads, detennining the sex of 

the embryos and detecting histochemically any alteration ·in enzyme activity in 

both PGcs· and other cellular components of the gonads. In addition, some of 

the female mice exposed prenatally to pesticides will be allowed to reach 

sexual maturity in order to detennine whether ·embryonic exposure to pesticides 

can cause deleterious effects on basic ovarian functions which remain undetected until the period of sexual maturity. Measurements of the · ability of 

the ovaries of the offspring to elicit an ovulatory response to exogenous 

gonadotropins and of the capacity of the ovarian oocytes to undergo nonnal 

meiosis will be used to assess these physiological capacities. The seco·nd 

part of this study will examine these same physiological parameters in ovaries 

of mice exposed to pesticides when sexually mature. An additional histochemical study of specific enzymes in the different cellular co"1)onents of the 

ovary will provide infonnation on the metabolic activities affected. 

PUB LI CATIONS 

None 

19 

., 

·' 
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Lawrence J. Fine, M.D. 

HARVARD UNIVERSITY 

Boston, Massachusetts 

GRANT NUMBER: 1 ROl OH 00856-01 

Harvard University School of Public Health 

665 Huntington Avenue 

Boston, Massachusetts 02115 

TITLE 

Occupational Exposures and Rates of DNA Damage 

SUMMARY 

The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between 

DNA damage and exposure to carcinogens or mutagens in selected occupations. They wi 11 1) study occupationa 1 groups exposed tc kr.own or suspec :e d carci nogens and mutagens by deterniinin~ the rates of chromosome aberrations ( ChAbs) 

and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs} in these groups (exposures include 

benzene, coke oven fume, vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile, ethylene oxide and 

lead); 2) compare the sensitivity of SCE's to ChAb's by examining the rates 

of these two tests in 3 occupational exposures (vinyl chloride, lead, benzene) 

which have been associated with elevated ChAbs. 

Both ChAbs and SCEs are measures of DNA damage. Most occupational exposures which cause cancer and mutations probably do so by damaging DNA. As a 

result, investigating the relationship between exposure and human DNA damage could lead to better quantification of the risk of current exposures to known 

carcinogens or mutagens. In the past, the only method for detecting DNA 

damage in humans was ChAb's, however, a new method, SCE's may represent 

a more useful test. In vivo testing suggests that measures of SCE's are 

nx,re sensitive, require 1/8 of the time, and detect a type of DNA damage 

which better correlates with cellular transfonnation. The rates of DNA 

damage for exposed groups and control groups from the same industry will 

be compared. Personal exposure will be detennined by traditional air 

sampling techniques. Where multiple carcinogen exposures occur or where 

it is technically difficult to measure a suspected carcinogen, 2 new 

methods of estimating level of exposure will be used. Both are based on 

the Salnx,nella microsome (SM) test. In the 1st method, urine samples are 

concentrated and assayed for mutagenic activity. In the 2nd air samples 

are fractionated and tested for mutaginic activity. 

PUB LI CATIONS 

None 

20 
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 

Santa Barbara California 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Barbara L. Drinkwater, Ph.D. 

Associate Research Physiologist 

Steven M. Horrath, Ph.D. 

Research Physiologist 

Institute of Environmental Stress 

University of California 

Santa Barbara, California 93106 

TITLE 

Thermoregulatory Response of Women 

SUMMARY 

GRANT NUMBER: l ROl OH00858-01Al 

A recent series of laboratory studies concentrated on describing the relative 

role of age, cardiovascular endurance, and the menstrual . cycle in determining 

women 1s ability to tolerate work in hot environments. ·The results indicate 

that fluctuations in honnonal levels play a minor role a.nd that most of the 

variability between individuals was due to differences in age and fitness 

levels. While women of any age can and do react to acute exposure to heat with 

signs of physiological strain, the proportion of susceptible individuals was 

higher at each end of the age continuum. Prepubertal children and postmenopausal women were more likely to be at risk than women between these age 

extremes. Their lower tolerance to exercise in the heat was related primarily 

to circulatory instability and to decreased sensitivity in the sweating mechanism. The purpose of the proposed series of studies is to investigate .these 

mechanisms in deta'il. The relative contribution of central and per.ipheral 

mechanisms ih effecting changes in the sensitivity of the sweating mecha.- nism, patterns of body fluid shifts, and responses to acclimatizations pro- cedures will be quantified and .evaluated for age and/or fitness related 

differences in response. The results of such studies will help the understanding of how females respond to the stress of working in hot environments as 

well as providing insight into some of the unanswered questions in the area of 

thermoregulation. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

21 
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 

Santa Barbara, California 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Barbara L. Drinkwater, Ph.D. 

Associate Research Physiologist 

Institute of Environmental Stress 

University of California 

Santa Barbara, California 93106 

TITLE 

GRANT NUMBER: 9 ROl OH00896-06 

Physiological Adaptation of Women to Heat Stress 

SUMMARY 

Results from previous studies describing the relative role of age, cardiovascular endurance, and the menstrual cycle in determining women's ability to tolerate work in hot environments have indicated that fluctuations in 

hormonal levels play a minor role and that most of the variability between 

individuals was due to differences in age and fitness levels. 

This study will investigate these mechanisms in detail. The relative 

contribution of central and peripheral mechanisms in effecting changes in 

the sensitivity of the sweating mechanism, pattern of body fluid shifts, and 

responses to acclimatization procedures will be quantified and evaluated for 

age and/or fitness related differences in response. 

PUBLICATIONS 

Drinkwater, B.L., I.C. Kupprat, J.E. Denton, J.L. Crist, and S.M. Howath. 

1977. Response of Prepubertal Girls and College Women to Work in the Heat. 

J. Appl. Physiol: Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 43:---. 

Drinkwater, B.L., I.C. Kupprat, J.E. Denton, and S.M. Howath. 1977. Heat 

Tolerance of Female Distance Runners. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 301: 777-792. 

22 
UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA 

University, Alabama 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

TITLE 

Ronald D. Hood, Ph.D. 

Associate Professor of Biology 

The University of Alabama 

P. 0. Box 1927 

University, Alabama 35486 

GRANT NUMBER: 1 ROl OH00912-0l 

Toxicology of Prenatally Administered Arsenic 

SUMMARY 

Arsenic is a widespread toxic environmental contaminant. Arsenic 

is ferotoxic and teratogenic when injected in animals, and recent reports have suggested arsenic as an etiologic factor in human birth 

defects. This study will be conducted in order to gain a better understanding of arsenic's prenatal effects. Effects of oral intake of 

arsenite during pregnancy will be evaluated by standard teratological 

techniques in two species (mouse and hamster). Additional dams will 

be allowed to litter, and their pups will be observed for 28 days to 

assess postnatal growth, behavior and survival. Methylated arsenic 

metabolites will also be tested for teratogenicity, to learn more of 

the role of arsenic metabolism in protection of the conceptus. Because chronic exposure to arsenic has been reported to lead to tolerance of the element's toxic effects, pregnant mice ·and hamsters will 

be treated with low levels of arsenite or of arsenate prior to a 

potentially teratogenic dose. The likelihood of a protective effect 

on the conceptus as a result of prior chronic exposure to arsenic 

can then be evaluate. In order to learn more of the mechanisms 

of arsenic's prenatal effects and about arsenic metabolism and to 

allow a correlation of the animal data with what is known of human 

metabolism, ·animals will be treated similarly to those in the aforementioned studies. They will be sacrificed following treatment, and 

uptake of arsenite, arsenate, and their metabolites by the conceptus 

and excretion by the mother will be determined. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

23 
WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY 

Morgantown, West Virginia 

GRANT NUMBER: 5 ROl OH00360-09 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Robert Burrell, Ph.D. 

Department of Microbiology 

West Virginia University Medical Center 

Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 

TITLE 

Immune Injury in Occupational Respiratory Diseases 

SUMMARY 

The overall aim is the identification of the underlying mechanisms responsible for producing immune injury in occupationally-related chronic pulmonary 

disease. This project aims at development of simpler methods of assessing impairment in pulmonary function due to immune injury in an experimental 

model of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (EHP). Also to be continued is the 

investigation of long-term effects of passive administration of anti-lung 

serum on normal pulmonary structure and function. 

PUBLICATIONS 

1. 

\ 

2. 

3. 

Burrell, R. and McCullough, M.J. 1978. Production of Thermophilic Actinomycetehay. Aerosols for Use in Experimental Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. 

App. Environ. Micro. 34:715. 

Smith, S.M., Hill, J.D., Snyder, I.S. and Burrell, R. 1978. Mitogenicity 

of Cell Wall Fractions of Micropolyspora Faeni. Ann. Allergy 40:12. 

Burrell, R., Law, F.W., and Olenchock, S.A. 1978. The Role of Precipitins 

in Allergic Lung Disease, Life Sciences 22:1685-1690. 

4. Smith, S.M., Burrell, R. and Snyder, S.M. 1978. Complement Activation by 

Cell Wall Fractions of Micropolyspora. Faeni. Infec. Immun. 22:568-574 

5. Burrell, R. and Rokorney, D. 1977. Mediators of Experimental Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. Int. Arch. Allergy App. Immunol. 55:161. 

6. Burrell, R. and C.K. Thomas. 1977. Improved Methods of Producing Precipitating Aspergillus Antigens. Annals of Allergy 38:202-205. 

7. Burrell, R.A. 1975. Immunology of Occupational Lung Disease. In: 

W.K.C. Morgan and A. Seatan (eds.) Occupational Respiratory Diseases. 

New York. 

24 
8. Burrell, R. and D.M. Lewis. 1975. Further Studies on the Effect of 

Lung Antibodies on the Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis. J. Lab. and Clin. 

Med. 86:741-745. 

9. Cate, C.C. and R. Burrell, 1974. Lung Antigen Induced Cell-Mediated 

Immune Injury in Chronic Respiratory Diseases. Amer. Rev. Resp. Dis. 

109:114-123. 

10. Burrell, R. 1974. Commentary: Immunological Reflections on Asbestos. 

Environ. Hlth. Perspec. 9:297-298. 

11. Burrell, R., D.K. Flaherty, P.B. DeNee, J.L. Abraham, and 

A. H. Gelderman. 1974. The Effect of Lung Antibody on Normal Lung Structure and Function. Amer. Rev. Resp. Dis.' 109:106-113. 

25 
UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 

GRANT NUMBER: 5 ROl OH00367-09 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Yves C. Alarie, Ph.D. 

Department of Occupational Health 

Graduate School of Public Health 

University of Pittsburgh 

130 Desoto Street 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 

TITLE 

Respiratory Tract Irritants; Mechanisms and Tolerance 

SUMMARY 

The objective of this grant is to establish the mechanisms by which one 

category of 11 respiratory tract irritants," i.e., the 11 sensory irritants 11 or 11 upper respiratory tract irritants, 11 exert their action and to delineate the 

importance of reflex reactions when they are retained in the upper respiratory 

tract. The aim of the present investigation is fourfold: 

1 ) 

2) 

3) 

4) 

to continue the study of sensory irritation of the upper respiratory 

tract by various airborne chemicals and to correlate their irritant 

property with their chemical structure; 

to determine the in vitro reactivity of these chemicals with SH groups; 

to determine the mechanism of desensitization and why this appears 

with some but not all irritants; and 

to study the effects of sensory irritation in animals with pulmonary 

impairment. 

Recent activity has been the initiation of a main effort on isocyanates 

and diisocyanates as irritants because of their wide distribution and number 

of workers exposed. By NIOSH estimates 215,000 workers are exposed to isocyanates and the production of one di isocyanate, toluene di isocyanate (TDI), 

is projected to be 1 .2 million metric tons in 1980. The work with TDI has 

now been completed and an article submitted to Toxicology Applied Pharmacology in February 1979 with the results presented at the Society of Toxicology in March 1979. With this chemical, they were able to demonstrate 

cumulative effects occuring above 0.023 ppm. but not at exposure concentrations 

below 0.02 ppm. The TLV is currently 0.02 ppm and in the article to be published we have recommended that the TLV be lowered to 0.006 ppm as a TWA and 

0.02 ppm be set as a ceiling value. In collaboration they have demonstrated 

that a 5 minute exposure of acetylcholinesterase in solution to 0.2 ppm of 

TDI is sufficient to completely inhibit the activity of this anzyme. This collaboration will continue during this year in order to see if bronchial 

hyperreactivity to TDI can be explained by this metabolism. 

26 
Other isocyanates being investigated are: Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HD!), 

phenyl isocyanate (PI), to1y1 isocyanate (TI), fluoropheny1 isocyanate (FI) 

and hexyl isocyanate (HI) to determine the effect of substituents and structure on the effects of isocyanates. 

PUBLICATIONS 

Kane, L.E. and Alarie, Y. 1978. "Evaluation of sensory irritation from acroleinformaldehyde mixtures." Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 39, 270-2l4. ' 

Karol, M.H., Ioset, H.H., Riley, J.E. and Alarie, Y.C. 1978. 11Hapten-specific 

respiratory hypersensitivity in guinea pigs. 11 Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. ~' 

546-556. 

Barrow, C.S., A1arie, Y. and Stock, M.F. 1978. "Sensory irritation and incapacitation evoked by therma1 decomposition products of polymers and comparisons with known sensory irritants. 11 Arch. Environ. Hea1th 33, 79-88. 

Barrow, C., Alarie, Y., Warrick, J. and Stock, M. F. 1977. 11A comparison 

of the sensory irritation response to chlorine and hydrogen chloride in mice. 11 

Arch. Environ. Hea 1th .E_, 68-76. 

Kane, L.E. and Alarie, Y. 1977. "Sensory irritation to formaldehyde and 

acrolein during single and repeated exposures in mice. 11 Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. 

J. 38, 509-522. 

Alarie, Y. 1973. Sensory irritation of the upper airways by airborne 

chemica1s, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 24: 279-297. 

Alarie, Y., I. Wakisaka, and S. Oka. 1973. Sensory irritation by sulfur 

dioxide and chlorobenzilidene ma1ononitrile, Environ. Physio1. Biochem. 3: 

53-64. 

Alarie, Y. and L.W. Ke1ler. 1973. Sensory ir~itation by capsaicin, Environ. 

Physiol. Biochem., 3:169-181. 

Alarie, Y., I. Wakisaka, and S. Oka. 1973. Sensory irritation by sulfite 

aerosols, Environ. Physiol. Biochem. 3:182-184. 

Allarie, Y. 1973. Sensory irritation by airbonrne chemicals, CRC Critica1 

Reviews in Toxico1ogy 2:299-363. 

Barrow, C.S., Y. Alarie J.C. Warrjck, and M.F. Stock. 1976. Sensory irritation evoked by thermal decomposition products of plasticized polyvinyl 

chloride, Fire and Material. 1:147-153. 

Barrow, C., Y. Alarie, J. Warrick, and M. Stock. 1977. A comparison of the 

sensory irritation response to chlorine and hydrogen chloride in mice, Arch. 

Env. Health. 32:68-76. 

27 
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Raymond G. Slavin, M.D. 

ST. LOUIS UNIVERSITY 

St. Louis, Missouri 

GRANT NUMBER: 5 ROl OH00398-06 

Associate Professor of Internal Medicine 

Director of Section of Allergy and Immunology 

St. Louis University School of Medicine 

St. Louis, Missouri 63104 

TITLE 

Pathogenesis of Allergic Pulmonary Aspergillosi·s 

SUMMARY 

The objectives of the total project are to (1) establish an animal 

model of allergic aspergillosis in non-human primates and, (2) continue studies 

on the epidemiology of allergic aspergillosis. 

Current objectives are (1) to gain information on the development of the 

inflammatory response and alteration of tissue due to aspergillus by studying 

the interaction of monkey IgG and human IgE in monkey skin; (2) to begin investigations on the contribution of cell mediate.d immunity in the monkey 

model of allergic aspergillosis; (3) expand the panel of human allergic sera 

that can sensitize monkey skin; and (4) begin studies on .the atmospheric 

burden A. fumigatus. 

PUBLICATIONS 

Slavin, R.G., et. al. 1978. A primate model of allergic bronchopulmonary 

aspergillosis. Int'l. Arch. Allergy & Applied Immun. 56:325-333. 

Slavin, R.G., 1978. Allergic Aspergillosis Chapter 46 in Allergy: Principles 

and Practice edited by Middleton, E., Reed, C., & Ellis, E., C.V. Mosby, Co., 

St. Louis. Mo. 

Slavin, R.G., and P.A. Winzenburger. 1977. Epidemiologic aspects of allergic 

aspergillosis . . Ann. of Allergy 38:215-218. 

Slavin, R.G. 1978. What Does a Fungus Among Us Really Mean? J. Allergy & 

Clinical Immunology 62:7. 

28 
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Ellis N. Cohen, M.D. 

Department of Anesthesia 

STANFORD UNIVERSITY 

Stanfor1 California 

GRANT NUMBER: 5 ROl OH00622-03 

Stanford University Medical Center 

300 Pasteur Drive 

Stanford, California 94305 

TITLE 

Anesthetic Metabolism-Toxic Effects in Personnel 

SUMMARY 

The primary aim of this research is to study the metabolism arid binding 

characteristics of two anesthetics; halothane and nitrous oxide. 

A proposed scheme for the possible metabolism of nitrous oxide to other 

nitro compounds or amines and its possible role in producing tumors will also 

be studied. The identification of halothane metabolites in the liver and 

studies of their bindi~g properties will be conti~ued. The in vitro' metabolism 

of ha 1 othane metabo Ti tes in human liver mi crosomes wi 11 be made poss i b 1 e by 

using human heart transplant donors. Fresh human liver is availabl~ through ' 

the heart transplant program and studies that have been done in experimental 

animals can now be-,extended to man. Heavy isotopically labeled 15 N-nitrous 

oxide will .be used in the study of the metabolism of nitrous oxide. The use 

of isotope-ratio mass spectroscopy will be employed rather than tracer techniques. Where metabolites are isolated, they will be converted to molecular 

nitrogen via a Kjeldahl procedure. · 

A series of male_and female rats as well as human volunteers will receive 

15N2o and urine and feces will be collected and metabolites will be sought for. 

The separation of nonvolatile metabolites will be accompli~hed with a Sephadex 

gel exclusion chromatography. Consideration has been given to _the quantification and . the amount of pote·ntial metabolite that might be formed under the 

experimental conditions in animal and man. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

29 
UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT 

Burlington, Vermont 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

TITLE 

John E. Craighead, M.D., Chairman 

Department of Pathology 

Medical Alumni Building 

College of Medicine 

University of Vermont 

Burlington, Vermont 05401 

GRANT NUMBER: 5 ROl OH00653-03 

Industrial Dust Interaction with Respiratory Mucosa 

SUMMARY 

Selected industrial and environmental dusts, of defined type, size, and 

concentration, will be studied using organ culture techniques to determine the 

response of the porcine bronchial mucosa and adult human bronchial mucosa to 

these dusts. 

The in vitro effects of exposure to carbon, fiberglass, hematite and asbestos dusts on procine and human trachea-bronchial mucosal cells in culture 

will be determined. The rationale for the study is based on the fact that, 

after inhalation, a large amount of the dust particles are deposited in the 

upper airways and are removed or trapped in the trachea-bronchial secretions, 

resulting in an altered mucosa. This research may provide information regarding early responses in carcinogenesis or chronic respiratory diseases resulting from occupational dust exposures. 

The tissue reactions will be studied both biochemically and morphologically 

to elucidate the cellular changes that take place. Studies of mucin production 

and composition will be done as wil.l studies of cellular en~me release, and 

and composition will be done as will studies of cellular enzyme release, and 

mucosal cell DNA synthesis through 3 -thymidine labeling. The tissues will be 

examined by electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectometer. In 

addition, the effect of respiratory virus infections on the response to the 

dusts will be evaluated in the porcine organ cultures utilizing vesicular stomatitis virus type III, 3 common pig viruses, and infecting the tracheal organ 

cultures prior to the exposure to the dusts. 

PUBLICATIONS 

Mossman, B.T., Bradley, B.J. and Craighea, J.E. 1979. Comparative cytotoxicity of chrysotile and crocidolity asbestos in hamster tracheal epithelial 

cells. Fed. Proc. 38:1352. 

30 
Bradley, B.J., Bellomo, S.C. and Craighead, J.E. 1979. Interaction of 

chrysotile asbestos with human erythrocytes. Fed. Proc. 38:1352. 

Mossman, B.T. and Craighead, J.E. 1979. Induction of neoplasms after implantation of hamster trachea exposed in vitro to 3-methylcholanthrene on ferric 

oxide. Proc. Amer. Assoc. Cancer Res. 20:228. 

Mossman, B.T., Adler, K.B. and Craighead, J.E. 1978. Interaction of carbon 

particles with tracheal epithelium in organ culture. Environ. Res. 16:110-122. 

31 
MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE 

New York, New York 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Yasunosake Suzuki, M.D. 

Research Professor 

Environmental Sciences Laboratory Mount Sinai School of Medicine 

Fifth Avenue and 100th St. 

New York, New York 10029 

TITLE 

Pulmonary Effects of Vinyl Chloride 

SUMMARY 

GRANT NUMBER: l ROl OH00681-01Al 

Health hazards associated with vinyl chloride exposure have focused 

primarily on hepatic effects (angiosarcoma, fibrosis, Banti's syndrome). 

However, other effects are known to occur, viz. acroosteolysis, and there 

are scattered data which suggest that important pulmonary lesions, including both malignancy and non-neoplastic effects, occur. A risk of lung cancer among vinyl chloride workers has been reported on a basis of epidemiology studies by 

Waxweiler and his associates. In addition, radiological pulmonary changes as 

well as pulmonary disfunction have been reported among vinyl chloride workers, 

suggesting that non-neoplastic effects of vinyl chloride occur among workers. 

Animal experiments have indicated that in addition to liver, various organs such as lung, brain, breast, kidney and skin were involved in neoplastic changes by vinyl chloride. 

Animal lungs (90 mice and 30 hamster) exposed to vinyl chloride monomer by inhalation at low doses (lppm, lOppm and lOOppm) and for short durations of 

exposure (4 weeks), are to be studied by gross anatomy, light microscopy and 

electron microscopy. The objectives are (1) to study oncogenetic effects of 

vinyl chloride on mouse lung under these conditions and to observe processes 

of formation of the neoplastic cell from the precursor via the preneoplastic cell in the lung, on the level of ultrastructure, (2) to characterize the nonneoplastic pulmonary damage by vinyl chloride in mouse and hamster, and to consicer mechanisms underlying the damage and (3) to evaluate vinyl chloride induced lesions in vinyl chloride workers' lungs. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

32 
CHAIM SHEBA MEDICAL CENTER 

Tel Hashomer, Israel 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Gerald L. Baum, M.D. 

Director, Pulmonary Division 

Chaim Sheba Medical Center 

Tel Hashomer, Israel 

TITLE 

GRANT NUMBER: 1 ROl OH00763-0l 

Hypersensitivity Lung Disease in Animal Workers 

SUMMARY 

Survey of persons whose profession puts them into contact with animals will 

be made to determine the prevalence of hypersensitivity lung disease, ~pecific antigen sensitivity, and characteristics of the subject immune response. The 

prevalence of respiratory illness will be estimated by a respiratory questionnaire while the sensitivity to antigens will be assayed .by immed-iate-type skin 

testing, determination of presence of precipitating andibody, total IgE lev·els, 

and specific IgE antibody levels to relevant antigens. Some insight into immune 

response of the host will be obtained by doing bronchial challenge testing with 

relevant animal antigens as well as doing essinophile counts and noting the IgE 

levels. Subjects will have initial simple pulmonary function studies and, complete pulmonary function .studies if they are found to have clinical or laboratory 

evidence of hypersensitivity lung disease. Follow-up screening will be done of 

all subjects and those with any positive findings will have complete studies 

repeated yearly for at least 2 years. Subjects will include the veterinarians 

of Israel and a selection of animal caretaker personnel in the country. Appropriate controls will be compared for all variables except challenge testing. 

With this data the question of risk of becoming sensitized to relevant animal 

antigens should be answered for the test population. Additionally if permanent 

progressive damage to lung function results from prolonged contact with the 

source of the antigens it should be evident from this experience. Suggestions for possible desensitization treatment may result from careful analysis of the 

sources of antigen sensitization such as urine and serum of the relevant animals 

as well as the usual skin and hair sources previously studied. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

33 
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

William R. Burg, Ph.D. 

Associate Professor 

UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI 

Cincinnati, Ohio 

GRANT NUMBER: 1 ROl OH00796-0l 

Department of Environmental Health 

Kettering Laboratory 

University of Cincinnati 

3223 Eden Avenue 

Cincinnati, Ohio 45267 

TITLE 

Aflatoxin Exposures of Agricultural Workers 

SUMMARY 

Recent studies have shown that prior to harvest, corn can become highly contaminated with the mold, Aspergillus flavus. The extent and degree of the 

contamination have been linked to weather conditions and damage to the ears by 

insects. The mold can become established on the surface of the kernels or, if 

the insects bore a hole in the kernel to lay eggs, internal contamination of the 

kernels also occurs. Along with a number of other metabolites, Aspergillus flavus produces several compounds called alfatoxins B1, G1, B2 and G2 wich are 

among the most toxic and carcinogenic substances known. While many of the effects of aflatoxin ingestion have been well documented, the effects of inhaling 

aflatoxins are largely unknown. 

The abrasive actions of the harvesting processes are likely to dislodge a fraction of the aflatoxin from the kernels and create a serious inhalation health 

hazard to combine operators, truckers and grain handlers. The purpose of this 

project is to determine the levels of airborne aflatoxins, to measure worker 

exposure levels and to assess worker health effects. Prior to harvest, corn 

fields in regions which have frequently shown high contami~ations will be 

screened and the ten fields with the highest aflatoxin contamination will be 

selected for study. Worker exposure levels at two commercial grain elevators 

in the area receiving the contaminated corn will also be measured. Based on 

the data collected, conclusions will be prepared dealing with the needs for 

personal protection and the needs for future toxicological, medical, and 

epidemiological studies. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

34 
UNIVERSITY OF IOWA 

Oakdale, Iowa 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Kelley J. Donham, M.S., D.V.M. 

Institute of Agricultural Medicine and 

Environmental Health 

University of Iowa 

Oakdale, Iowa 52319 

TITLE 

GRANT NUMBER: 1 ROl OH00825-0l 

Respiratory Hazards of Swine Confinement Workers 

SUMMARY 

A recent trend in livestock production is the use of enclosed or confinement systems for increased economical production of animal protein. Design of 

these buildings has not considered potential health hazards that exist for 

agricultural workers. Preliminary data offers strong evid~nce that occupational health hazards exist, particularly with respect to the respiratory 

system. 

This project consists of epidemiologic, clinical and environmental studies 

designed to document and characterize the extent that disease occurs in swine 

confinement workers with particular emphasis on respiratory disease, and to 

characterize certain parameters of gases and particulates in the work environment to provide data whereby industrial hygiene techniques may be applied to 

improve the environment. 

Epidemiological studies will use data collected by mail and personal 

interview surveys to quantify the exposed population, characterize symptoms, 

and establish a data base to develop cohorts for the clinical studies. Clinical studies involving 4 separate cohorts, including a cross-sectional, two 

environmental challenge studies, and a study of severely affected individuals 

will be performed to identify etiology of and predict symptoms and effects of 

chronic exposure. Animal studies will be carried out to predict pathological 

effects on the human respiratory tract. Environmental studies will include 

characterization of particulates ,n the work environment, quantitation of 

trace toxic gases, and measurement of gases evolv~d from the manure pit under 

different environmental variables. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

35 
CITY OF HOPE MEDICAL CENTER 

Duarte, California 

GRANT NUMBER: 1 ROl OH00914-0l 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Charles Mittman, M.D. 

Director, Respiratory Disease Department 

City of Hope Medical Center 

1500 East Duarte Road 

Duarte, California 91010 

TITLE 

Lung Cancer Screening of Workers at High _Risk 

SUMMARY 

'. 

This is, a 5-year prospective health screening of 8000 coke-oven workers at 

high risk of bronchogenic carcinoma to (1) Evaluate the effectiveness for the 

early detection of lung cancer by. estimating the sensitivity and specificity of 

serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and DNA content of exfoliated bronchial 

epithelial cells; (2) Contrast that effectiveness with that of concomitant 

screening using chest x-rays and exfoliative bronchial cytology; (3) Determine 

the histologic types of bronchogenic carcinoma found in these workers and to 

relate these findings. to those above; and (4) Examine the relationship in the 

development of. bronchogenic carcinoma. between metaplasia, dysplasia and anaplasia in exfoliated bronchial epithelial cells and to correlate the cytomorphologic findings with the DNA ~on~ent (ploidy) of the cells. 

Baseline biologic screening tests will be performed and personal, smoking, 

occupational and medical histories will be obtained from all subjects at the 

inplant medical facilities. Specimens and data will be sent to the City of Hope for analysis and evaluation . . Then th_e screening will be performed semiannually 

in those workers specified by federal regulations; and annually in the others. 

The screening test battery will consist of a chest x-ray and samples of sputum 

and blood ~ Statistical specificity. procedures will be used to evaluate the 

validity·of these tests; and "stepwise". discriminant analysis, to evaluate their 

cancer-screening capability over specific ,time periods. 

The experience derived from this research will be used to formulate a 

medical surveillance, intervention and control strategy appropriate not only 

to coke oven workers, but also both to other occupational groups and to 

those in general community who are at high risk of developing lung cancer. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

36 
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Arthur T. Johnson, Ph.n. 

Assistant Professor 

UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 

College Park, Maryland 

GRANT NUMBER: l ROl OH00735-02 

Sports Medicine ind Physical Fitness Center 

University of Maryland 

College Park, Maryland 20742 

TITLE 

Respiratory Stress and nccupational Respirator Wear 

SUMMARY 

In order to (1) improve mask ~esign criteria based on biomedical evidence 

from respiratory stress in working humans, and (2) clarify criteria for medical 

su~veillance of mask wearers based on improve~ knowledge of respirato~ stress 

and mask wear, this project will (1) experimentally establish exhalation ti~e 

as the parameter characterizing the degree of respiratory stress during physical exertion, and (2) theoretically establish the ability to predict exhalation time from human and mask parameters. Specifically, the project will 

involve six tasks: (1) develop the airflow perturbation device to measure airways resistance in exercising humans, (2) develop models tb predict respiratory period and inhalation/exhalation time ratio from human and mask data, (3) determine exhalation time variations with age, sex, and physical condition, (4) 

correlate exhalation time with sedentary pulmonary function measurements, (5) 

measure airways resistance changes at exhaustion in respiratory stress - limited exercise, (6) determine if oxygen uptake is limited by respiration 

at exhaustion. This research is to be a broadly-based, multidisciplinary 

attempt to solve several perennial problems in occupational safety and 

health. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

37 
NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY 

Raleigh, North Carolina 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Solomon P. Hersh, Ph.D. 

GRANT NUMBER: 1 ROl OH00744-01Al 

Charles A. Cannon Professor of Textiles 

~orth Carolina State University 

P. 0. Box 5006 

Raleigh, North Carolina 27607 

TITLE 

Methods for Reducing Exposure to Cotton Dust 

SUMMARY 

The objective of this research is to investiga~e methods for reducing the 

concentrations of cotton dust in the workplace utilizing less costly and more 

effective techniques than those currently available~ The methodology to be 

employed in the proposed research is to process cotton in an isolated model card 

room, measure the dust concentration generated in the room on a large variety 

of aerosol samplers, and to collect the airborne respirable cotton dust for 

study by other investigators. Cottons of known genetic, growing cultivating, 

harvesting, ginning, and processing history will' be processed to determine the 

influence of these -factors on dust concentrations. Intervention studies, such 

as steaming and processing variations such as the use of antistatic finishes 

and lubricants will be carried out. The influence of blending with synthetic fibers will also be examined. Additional benefits expected to be realized from 

the study include assessment of the su,tability of using alternative simpler 

sampling devices, and. collecting relatively large quantities of documented 

samples of respirable cotton dust ~hich . can be utilized by other investigators 

for chemical, biological, and medical studies . . 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

38 
UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI 

Cincinnati, Ohio 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Howard E. Ayer 

Professor of Environmental Health 

Department of Environmental Health 

University of Cincinnati 

College of Medicine 

3223 Eden Avenue 

Cincinnati, Ohio 45267 

TITLE 

Control of Indoor Air Contaminants 

SUMMARY 

GRANT NUMBER: 5 ROl OH00755-02 

Factors governing the behavior of air contaminants within a few meters of 

point sources - picometeorology - will be examined. Theoretical and/or empirical equations for prediction of exposures of people within 1 m. and from 

1 to 10 m. of indoor sources will be developed. The methods which minimize 

exposures to toxic or irritating aerosols and vapors with the lowest energy 

expenditure wi 11 be. described. Methods wi 11 be app 1 i cab le to contrq 1 of sidestream cigarette smoke and various domestic, commercial and industrial indoor 

air contaminants. 

Experiments will be conducted in a 3 x 3 x 3 m. chamber equipped with 

separate and controllable inlet and exhaust ventilation. Thermal point 

sources and organic solvent contamination sources will be simulated, their behavior measured and described under varyin.g ventilation conditions. Typical general ventilation configurations will be modeled. Methods of estimating 

mixing ( 11 K11 ) factors for widely varied ventilation conditions will be developed .and tested. A procedure for calculating potential exposures to healthdamaging aerosols and vapors, including cigarette smoke, in public places and 

industry will be published. 

PUB LI CATIONS 

None 

39 
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Klaus Willeke, Ph.D. 

UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI 

Cincinnati, Ohio 

GRANT NUMBER: 1 ROl OH00774-02 

Department of Environmental Health 

University of Cincinnati 

College of Medicine 

3223 Eden Avenue 

Cincinnati, Ohio 45267 

TITLE 

Sampling Efficiencies of Personal Particulate Samplers 

SUMMARY 

Personal samplers for the monitoring of industrial air environments sample 

air at the lowest possible flow rates in order to keep the instrument weight at 

a minimum. The efficiency of drawing airborne particulates to the sampler's 

inlet face and of transporting the particles from the inlet face through the 

inlet configuration to the particle collection medium is dependent on the volumetric air flow rate'-, inlet geometry, particle sfze and particle adhesion to the 

inside walls of the sampler. Except for some respirable dust standards, most 

present federal standards require that particles of all sizes be sampled by 

means of an open-face filter holder or by a closed-face filter holder with a 

small inlet hole. 

In this work, the presently regulated inlet designs·will be tested for their 

sampling efficiency as a function of particle size, particle adhesion, ambient air 

velocity and sampler's orientation rel~tive to the ambient air flow direction. 

The sampler inlets ·will be tested in a wind tunnel. The overall sampling efficiency of· the open-face filter holder will be determined by sampling fluorescent-dye tagged aerosols. The overall sampling efficiency of the inlet holes 

will be determi.ned by sampling aerosols through the inlet into an optical single 

particle counter sensor. The samplin·g efficiency up to the inl"et face will be 

distinguished from the los'ses in the inlet through the difference in performance 

of liquid versus bouncy, solid particles. By means of another new technique, 

utilizing hypodermic needle feeding of aerosols, particles will be placed into 

specific locations of the flow field surrounding the inlet, and the sampling 

efficiency will be derived from the individual particle trajectories relative 

to the inlet. The latter technique, in particular, is expected to result in a 

better understanding of inlet performances and may provide a basis for improved 

inlet designs suitable for future standard setting. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

40 
UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS 

Amherst, Massachusetts 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Thomas P. Cullinane 

Associate Professor 

Industrial Engineering and 

Operations Research 

University of Massachusetts 

Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 

TITLE 

GRANT NUMBER: 1 ROl OHOOBll-01 

Better Hygiene Through Systematic Equipment Location 

SUMMARY 

The intention of this research effort is to develop a quantitative procedure for determining the best location for contaminant, stress, or hazard 

producing equipment within the working environment. The optimization criteria 

employed will be the minimization of workers' e~posures to undesirable environmental factors and stresses. It will be demonstrated .that through the 

use of mathematical modeling techniques a procedure can be developed that will 

aid in the determination and selection of the best or least threatening location within a specified area (plant, department, etc.) for operating a 

piece of equipment or process that produces contaminats, stresses, or hazardous conditions. To enhance implementation of the procedure a computer program 

and user's guide will be developed. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

41 
COLORADO SCHOOL OF MINES 

Golden, ColoradQ 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Franklin D. Schowengerdt 

Associate Professor 

Department of Physics 

Colorado School of Mines 

Golden, Colorado 80401 

TITLE 

GRANT NUMBER: 1 ROl OH00822-0l 

Coal Dust Control by Condensation Enlargement 

SUMMARY 

This is a research and development effort aimed at applying the concept of 

condensation enlargement to the problem of controlling respirable coal dust 

in underground mines. A laboratory prototype dust collection system will be 

designed, constructed, and evaluated. This system will consist of a parallelplate condensation conditioner, inside of which the dust particles will 

nucleate water droplets and grow to collectable sizes, followed by a water 

spray. Design calculations are presented here which indicate that the basic 

design is feasible in terms of size, air handling capacity, dust load 

capacity, and water and energy consumption. The proposed concept has 

advantages of very high efficiency, quietness of operation, no high voltages 

or potential for spark,ng, low water consumption, moderate energy consumption, 

and simplicity. The design will be .based on data obtained previously in this 

laboratory on nucleation and water droplet growth on coal dust. The evaluation 

experiments will consist of measurements of output droplet sizes, coal dust 

transmission, and water and energy consumption. During the evaluation, 

design parameters will be optimized for application to a full-scale model to 

be built and tested in the later phases of the program. The ultimate objec- tive of the research is the development of a dust collection system having 

the potential for greatly decreasing respirable dust concentrations in coal 

mines. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

42 
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA 

Columbia South Carolina 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Charles E. Feigley, Ph.D. 

School of Public Health 

University of South Carolina 

Columbia, South Carolina 29208 

TITLE 

GRANT NUMBER: l ROl OH00838-0l 

Control of Volatile Materials in Surface Coatings 

SUMMARY 

The overall objective of this investigation is to develop methods of 

estimating the ventilation requirements for controlling the toxicity and explosion hazards resulting from volatile release from surface coatings. The 

method will explicitly account for the effects of important variables which 

affect the rate of volatile evolution. Specifically, an experimental method 

of measuring the rate of volatile evolution from surface coatings is to be 

developed. This method is then to be used to investigate the effects of air 

velocity over the surface, air temperature, substrate materials, and coating 

composition on rates of volatile evolution. Several industrially important 

coating materials are to be studied. The final objective is to utilize the 

theory of volatile loss from coatings to apply the experimental information to 

the estimation of volatile evolution rates and ventilation requirements in 

realistic work situations. 

The volatile evolution rate of samples tested is to be measured by monitoring the concentration of volatiles in the air in a recirculating enclosure 

using gas chromatography and infrared absorption. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

43 
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Hiroshi Muramoto, Ph.D. 

UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 

Tucson·, Arizo~i' · 

GRANT NUMBER: 1 ROl OH00860-0l 

Associate Professor of Plant Sciences 

Plant Science Department 

University of Arizona 

Tucson, Arizona 85721 

TITLE 

Developing Cotton Cultivars With Caducous Bracts 

SUMMARY 

Byssinosis or 11Brown-lung 11 disease· afflicts over one-half million ·textile 

workers in the United States of America. The main cause of this disease is b.elieved to be the fine cotton dust of orgahic or1gin~ most of which comes fro~ · the small dry,-·leaf-like appendages to the boll called bracts. All commercial 

cotton varieties have persistant bracts which adh~re to the seed cotton as it 

matures. The mechanical harvesting operation shatters the brittle bracts which 

are mixed. with the seed cotton, ~nd upon~ginning, becomes a major constituent 

of organic dust in the lint cotton. Water extract'of dried bracts are biologically active, and are known to cause byssinotic symptoms in humans, while 

water extract of other cotton plant parts are asymptomatic. · A type of hexaploid 

cotton that drops its· bracts ,before the •bolls opens has been developed in 

Arizona . This trait, called caducous bracts, is being transferred to tetraploid 

cotton cultivars in a breeding program. · The transfer of caducous bract to cotton 

cultivars involves hybridization, back ·~ross breding, and selfing of plants with 

different chromosome numbers w 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

44 
NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY 

Raleigh, North CarJlina 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Franklin D. Hart, Ph.D. 

Professor of Mechanical and 

Aerospace Engineering 

Center for Acoustical Studies 

Box 5801 

North Carolina State University 

Raleigh, North Carolina 27650 

TITLE 

GRANT NllMBER: 1 ROl OH00953-0l 

Control Technology Demonstration - Furniture Industry 

SUMMARY 

Considerable progr~ss has been made in developing control technology to 

significantly reduce noise exposure through engineering means from many sources 

in the furniture industry. Greater progress could be made in implementation 

if the feasibility and cost factors were better understood. The objective of 

this project is to · carry out and fully document a demonstration program of 

feasible control technology for reduction of noise from woodworking machinery in 

the furniture industry including an economic impact analysis. 

PUB LI CATIONS 

None 

45 
THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY 

University Park, Pennsylvania 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Robert J. Heinsohn, Ph.D. 

Professor of Mechanical Engineering 

The Pennsylvania State University 

301 Mechanical Engineering Bldg. 

University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 

TITLE: 

GRANT NUMBER: l ROl OH00959-0l 

Design and Demonstration of a Ventilation System 

SUMMARY 

This research proposes to design and demonstrate an industrial ventilation 

system for portable welding and grinding and to develop a computer-aided 

design program that can be used by engineers to desi~n similar ventilation 

systems. The computational procedure will enable designers to compute air velocities, particle trajectories, and contaminant concentrations in the region 

between the contaminant source and a hood configuration of his .choosing. The 

program will be written so that the designer can easily change the hood configuration to recalculate the above and assess how changes in the design affect 

the hood's performance. The program provides designers a capability they presently do not have, the ability to quickly and quantitatively assess the affects 

of changing the hood configuration and exhaust flow rate. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

46 
JOHN B. PIERCE FOUNDATION LABORATORY 

New Haven, Connecticut 

GRANT NUMBER: 5 ROl OH00647-03 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Jan ft. J. Stolwijk, Ph.D. 

Associate Director 

John B. Pierce Foundation Laboratory 

290 Congress ftvenue 

New Haven, Connecticut 06519 

TITLE 

Continuous nptical Monitoring of Asbestos in fair 

SUMMARY 

The investigators plan to develop and test a continuous monitor for the 

identification and counting of asbestos fibers in the ambient air, and in the 

occupational and residential environment. The instrument determines the size 

and asymmetry of dilute suspension of particles largely compared with the wavelength of incident polarized light by measuring the scattering, birefringence 

or dichroism of the particle as it is aligned, through an external moderatesized electric field, first parallel to and then perpendicular to the incident 

polarized light. The instrumental technique is based upon theoretical considerations of the behavior or particles in an induced electric field and the 

ability of a material to become polarized. The determination of these characteristics may be translated into particle identification, dimension and their 

absolute amounts. 

PUB LI CATIONS 

None 

47 
MT. SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE 

New York, New York 

GRANT NUMBER: 5 ROl OH00682-02 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

TITLE 

Irving J. Selikoff, M.D. 

Professor of Community Medicine 

The Mount Sinai School of Medicine 

100th Street and Fifth Avenue 

New York, New York 10029 

Shipyard Asbestos Disease: Low-Level Exposure Effects 

$-UMMARY 

A clinical study is being conducted of a large number of currently 

employed shipyard workers. The spectrum of trades included in this study will 

provide appropriate information concerning the prevalence of asbestosis and asbestotic pleural abnormality, although it is unlikely that many neoplasms will 

be found. Specifically, we will analyze findings in relation to both direct 

asbestos exposure and indirect exposure ("bystander disease"). The latter is 

particularly important in shipyard work, since only approximately 0.5% of employees have been directly __exposed in their work, but very large nμmbers of · other workers have been indirectly exposed (painters, electricians welders, 

carpenters, pipefitters, machinists, boilermakers, laborers, lead bonders, . inspectors, etc.) . The experience of these men will provide information concerning the risk of asbestos disease, particularly cancer with indirect intermittent, "low-level" exposure. Further, an epidemiological mortality study'will 

be undertaken, to analyze the experience of a cohort of approximately 4,000 

shipyard workers, characterized by trade, employed in a major eastern shipyard 

in 1967 for at least 10 years and traced through 1975 . Since many of these men 

began work (and asbestos exposure) during 1940-1955, their experience will provi de important information concerning the cancer risk associated with asbestos 

shipyard exposure. 

These data will provide information concerning two important questions: 

the extent and nature of asbestos-associated disease with low-level, intermittent, episodic asbestos exposure, an important ,problem in much of American 

industry, including construction and shipyard work. Second, there are now almost 

4,000,000 Americans currently engaged in shipyard work or formerly so employed 

at sometime during the period 1940-1975. Available information indicates that 

this is a group at high risk of developing cancer in the future. It is anticipated that the information in this investigation will assist in identifying 

criteria for the development of an optimum medical surveillance program, 

a matter of considerable practical importance. 

48 
PUBLICATIONS 

Selikoff, I.J. and Harrlilond, E.C. 1978. Asbestos-associated disease in United 

States shipyards. Ca-fl. Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 28(2) :87-99. 

Selikoff, I.J. Cancer risk of asbestos exposure 1977. In: Origins of Human 

Cancer. Eds. H.H. Hiatt, J.D. Watson and J./l. Winsten. Cold Spring Harbor, 

N .Y ., Pp . 1 7 6 5-1 7 84 . 

Selikoff, I.J. Perspectives in preclinical management of cancer 1977 . Initiation of a mesothelioma therapy research program. Mount Sinai J.Med. 44(5): 

645-647. 

Rom, W., Thornton, J., Miller, A., Lilis, R. and Selikoff, I.J. 1977. Abnormal 

spirometry in shipyard workers with pleural disease. Am. Rev . Respir. Dis. 

115(4, part 2) :239. (Abstract). 

Selikoff, I.J. Air pollution and asbestos carcinogenesis: Investigation of 

possible synergism 1977. In: International Carcinogenesis Meeting , 2nd, 

Hanover, Germany, 1975. Proceedings . Air Pollution and Cancer in Man. Eds. 

Mohr, U., Schmahl, D. and Tomatis, L. Lyon, International /lgency for Research 

on Cancer. pp. 247-253. 

Kannerstein, M., Mccaughey, H.T.E., Churg, J. and Selikoff, I.J. 1977. A 

critique of the criterfi for the diagnosis of diffuse malignant mesothelioma. 

Mount Sinai J. Med. N.Y: 44(4) :485~494. 

Auerbach, 0., Hammond, E.C.., Selikoff, I.J., Parks, V.R., Kaslow, H.D. and 

Garfinkel, L. 1977. Asbestos bodies in lung parenchyma in relation to ingestion 

and inhalation of mineral fibers. Environ. Res. 14:286-304. 

49 
UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT 

Burlington, Vermont 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

TITLE 

Brooke T. Mossman, M.D., Ph.D. 

Rm ft-151 Medical Alumni Building 

Department of Pathology 

University of Vermont 

College of Medicine 

Burlington, Vermont 05405 

GRANT NUMBE~: 1 ROl OH 00888-01 

Cocarcinogenic Mechanisms of Asbestos 

SUMMARY 

An association has been established between environmental and occupational 

exposure to asbestos and the occurrence of neoplasms of the respiratory trac 

The incidence of bronchogenic carcinoma in asbestos workers who smoke is increased significantly as compared to non-smokers. ftt present, the biologic 

mechanisms by which asbestos acts as a co~arcinogen are unclear. Experiment 

in this laboratory suggest that asbestos serves as a 11 carrier 11 of polycyclic 

hydrocarbons (PCH) into the cell. In addition, asbestos induces hyperplasia 

and squamous metaplasia of the respiratory tract basal· cells, an effect intrinsic to carcinogenesis. · 

This study is designed to answer the following questions: 1) Does the 

binding (or adsorption) of PCH by asbestos relate to the structure, chemical 

composition and surface charge of the fiber, and does this affinity correlate 

with the carcinogenic potential of the asbestos? 2) 'What is the mechanism 

whereby asbestos increases the uptake of PCH by the cell and what are the 

structural and biochemical events in the cell that result in carcinogenic 

transformation? 3) Does asbestos act as a classical "tumor promoter" (i.e. 

does it induce nucleic acid and protein synthesis and the activity of certain 

characteristic enzyme systems)? Studies will be designed to assess comparatively the effects of sized preparations of crocidolite and chrysotile 

asbestos in assays using tracheal organ cultures, grafts of trachea in 

syngenetic animals and monolayers of tracheal epithelial cells. 

PUB LI CATIONS 

None 

50 
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Roger L. Barker, Ph.D. 

CORNELL UNIVERSITY 

Ithaca, New York 

GRANT NUt13ER: 1 ROl OH00910-0l 

Asst. Prof. of Textile Science 

Dept. of Design & Environmental Analysis 

Cornell University 

Ithaca, New York 14853 

TITLE 

Asbestos Substitute Fabrics For Safety Clothing 

SUMMARY 

The principal objective of the proposed research is to evaluate heat 

resistant fabrics for use in specialized safety clothing and thermal barriers 

for the protection of industrial workers who are exposed to occupational hazards in the form of intense heat or flame, or who may suffer serious burn 

injuries as the result of the handling of hot materials. Asbestos is traditionally used to make heat-resistant fabrics. The health risks associated 

with the production of asbestos materials have been formally recognized by 

OSHA . However, new high-temperature fibers and fabrics are available and the 

technology exists to evaluate these new materials to determine which are acceptable alternatives to asbestos . The program of comparative testing and 

evaluation proposed . by this research will identify and test a variety 

of fire-resistant fabrics. The thermal response and physical properties of 

the fabrics will be measured. Because the program of testing will be sufficiently designed to competitively rank the perfonnance of the fabrics that 

are tested, this research will provide a unique and hi9hly necessary resource that will contribute to the scientific knowledge concerning the properties of high-temperature textiles, make the design of superior thermal 

protective materials for industrial applications possible, and make choices 

concerning replacement alternatives for asbestos in the American workplace 

easier and better infonned. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

51 
UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA 

Minneapolis, Minnesota 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

TITLE 

Franz Halberg, M.D. 

Chronobiology Laboratories 

380 Lyon Laboratories 

Laboratory Medicine & Pathology 

University of Minnesota 

Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 

GRANT NUMBER: 5 ROl OH0063l-03 

Repeated Schedule-Shifts, Rhythms and Life Span of Mice 

SUMMARY 

The objectives of this study are to investigate lifespan and circadian 

rhythT'ls in rodents subjected to repeated shifting of synchroni zer-s _( daily 

lighting and/or feeding schedules). Possible contributory factors to be examined are l) age at first exposure; 2) interaction of synchronizers; 3) fre'.'" 

quency of shifting; 4) extent of shift; and 5) direction of shift. These 

studies on a few well-controlled rrodels relate to possible adverse or beneficial effects of shift-work in human beings. , . ' 

Currently work schedules are ernpir..ical and dictated largely by sociologic 

considerations. Optimization, once it is documented in experimental anima·ls 

(in physiologic terms, i.e., in terms of life duration and quality) may eventually lead to physiologic optimization in human beings as well. 

PUP LI CATIONS 

Carandente, F., E. Halberg and F. Halberg 1978. Zirkadian-Periodic and 

Magengeschwur. Fortschritte der Medizin 96: 983-988. 

Bazin, R., M. Apfelbaum, R. Assan, L. Brigant, P. De Gasquet, S. Griglio, F. 

Halberg, X. Leliepvre, J. Longchampt, M. Malewiak, E. Planche, R. Rozen and 

N.T. Tonnu. 1978. Redistributing proportions of food at conventional ~al 

times, reschedules differentially hormones and substrates involved in energy 

metabolism. :hronobiologia 5: 203. 

Bazin, R., M. Apfelbat.111, R. Assan, F. Halberg and P. de Gasquet. 1978. Timing 

of meals manipulates amplitude and acrophase of circadian rhythms in human 

plasma insulin. Chronobiologia 5: 203-204. 

52 
Brockway, B.P., M. Kaveh, E.W. Powell, L.E. Scheving and F. Halberg. 1978. 

Transient partial frequency demultiplication of intraperitoneal temperature 

rhythms in Fischer rats by disynchronization with 48-h cycles of lighting and 

feeding. Chronobiologia 5: 343. 

53 
GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 

Atlanta, Georgia 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Judi Komaki, Ph.D. 

Georgia Institute of Technology 

Engineering Experiment Station 

Atlanta, Georgia 30332 

TITLE 

GRANT NUMBER: 1 ROl OH00777-0l 

A Behavioral Approach: Motivational/Financial Impact 

SUMMARY 

The purposes of this research are (a) to further develop, implement, and 

evaluate a select psychological technique, the behavioral approach, in improving 

the health and safety practices of employees in a medium-sized plant in the food 

industry and (b) to assess the financial benefits of these improved practices, 

using the human resource accounting method. To avoid problems associated with 

the traditional indices, a direct observational technique will be used. Desired 

health and safety practices will be identified, permitting construction of observational codes suitable for observing workers' performance. Observers will 

record whether or not workers perform selected incidents safely or unsafely 

while on-the-job. A behavioral analysis will be conducted to determine what 

might be maintaining unsafe practices and hindering healthful acts. In particular, it will be determined whether there is any positive reinforcement for 

desired behaviors and whether there are any immediate consequences for unhealthful acts. The intervention will consist of the presentation and explanation of 

the desired behaviors, as well as frequent, low-cost reinforcement in the form 

of feedback. First, it will be determined how much employees already know about 

the proper work procedures. Pairs of slides depicting safe and unsafe practices 

will be used. Then employees will be told about potential health hazards and 

wili be instructed on the requirements of the work procedures. Thereafter, each 

time supervisors make observations, they will post the percentage of incidents 

performed safely by the group on a graph prominently posted in each department. 

Supervisors will also be encouraged to recognize instances of desired performance. A multiple-baseline design across groups will be used. Baseline data 

will be collected in two different groups; the intervention will be introduced 

at staggered intervals. The financial impact of improved health and safety_ practices will be determined by disaggregating appropriate costs and computing 

the organization's total nonproductive dollar. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

54 
ILLINOIS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 

Chicago, Illinois 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Donald I. Tepas, Ph.D. 

Chairman and Professor of Psychology 

Department of Psychology 

Illinois Institute of Technology 

1 lT Center 

Chicago. Illinois 60616 

TITLE 

The Sleep of Shift Workers 

SUMMARY 

GRANT NUMBER: 1 ROl OH00917-01 

Little is known about the sleep of American shift workers despite the fact 

that a large and perhaps growing segment of the U.S. labor force is employed 

on jobs utilizing shifts. This research study is examining the effects of 

shiftwork on sleep and related behavior in a comprehensive manner using survey, 

clinical, laboratory and interview methods . Appropriate measures of electroencephalogram sleep stages, evoked brain response, body temperature, urine 

volume, mood, and performance are being made in the laboratory with the members 

of this worker population. Standardized evaluation instruments are being 

used to assess the personality, job satisfaction, medical history, adjustment, 

and mood states of the men and women participating in the study. Interview 

data concerning the sleep, health, adjustment, home and community life of 

these workers is being collected. Workers studied include those on day, afternoon and night schedules as well as workers €mployed on changing 

(rotating) shift systems. The influence of job duties, work shift and work 

shift experience is being examined as well as the degree of flexibility 

the worker has in determining his or her starting and/or quitting time. The 

results of this study will provide new quantitative information on how shift 

work is ralated to sleep as well as the general health and safety of working 

men and women. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

55' 
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 

LaJolla, California 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Alan M. Nahum, M.D. 

GRANT NUMBER: 5 ROl OH00404-04 

University of California Medical Center 

225 West Dickinson 

San Diego, California 92103 

TITLE 

Prevention of Accidental Head Injury 

SUMMARY 

The objective of the project is to correlate postconcussive states (ranging from minimal to severe) in primates with associated impact forces and physio- logic parameters of brain funtion. By means of examinations of cadavers, the 

researchers are attempting to relate their findings to man. A principal function is the attempt to develop a reproducible, experimental, and mathematical 

model relating head injury with the various force parameters. Implantation of 

a floating electode within the primate brai.n is .used to determine unit discharges from central locations so as to provide electroenc~phalographic 

information. This information is. more informative than comparable iDformation 

obtained from surface electrodes. 

High speed motion picture photography is used to record kinematics of impact and permit calculations of rotational acceleration. After impact, physiologic and clinical measurements of depth and duration of concussion are 

made continuously. Recordings of impedence, EEG, intracranial pressure, and 

multiple unit activity continue. Skull X-rays are also obtained. 

PUBLICATIONS 

1. Pressure Relationships in the Protected and Unprotected Head. Proceedings of 23rd Stapp Car Crash Conference. (in press). 

2. Nahum, A.M., et. at. 1977. Intracranial pressure dynamics during head 

impact. Proc~. 21st Stapp Car Crash Conference. 

3. Nahum, A.M., 1947. Prediction of maxilla-facial trauma. Trans. AAOO. 

84: 932. 

4. Nahum, A.M., and Smith, R.W. 1976. An experimental model for closed head 

impact injury. Proc. 20th Stapp Car Crash Conference. 

56 
5. Nahum, A.M., 1975. Prevention of accidental head injury. DHEW (NIOSH) 

75-143 Personal Protection. · 

57 
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 

Berkeley, California 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Werner Goldsmith, Ph.D. 

Professor of Applied Mathematics 

Department of Mechanical Engineering 

6129 Etcheverry Hall 

University of California 

Berkeley, California 94720 

TITLE 

GRANT NUMBER: 1 ROl OH00766-01Al 

Fracture Resistance of Ophthalmic Lens/Frame Systems 

SUMMARY 

This proposal will investigate the response of a complete eye-glass 

system to impact by various objects on the lens in order to ascertain the 

fracture potential of such glasses. This topic is of considerable importance 

in assessing and reducing the hazard to the wearer of eyeglasses from splinters being driven into the eyeball as the result of disintegration of the ophthalmic 

lens when struck by particles commonly found in industrial, recreational, home 

and ordinary daily environments. The current FDA requirement for lens prescriptions sets an artificial standard for their survival under specified drop 

test conditions; previous preliminary experiments have indicated that one of 

the most important factors in such survival is the lens-frame interaction which 

has not been seriously considered (relative to the strength of the lens itself) 

as a basic consideration in the design of safety standards. 

The study will involve a coordinated experimental and theoretical approach 

to determine the history of stress, strain, and deformation in the system so 

that a better combination of both material and configuration of the lens and 

supporting structure can be fabricated as a result of the program. The effect 

of various mounting methods, including bevel configuration and eyewire grooving, on the frangibility of the system will be investigated. The correlation 

of data and analytical prediction of displacement and stresses from such 

investigation will permit an assessment of the validity of the model and will 

then allow the employment of the latter as a design tool to permit the construction of safer lens-frame combinations. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

58 
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK 

Buffalo, New York 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Colin G. Drury, Ph.D. 

Department of Industrial Engineering 

SUNY at Buffalo 

342 Bell Hall 

Amherst, New York 14260 

TITLE 

GRANT NUMBER: 1 ROl OH00820-0l 

Increased Safety in Carrying Bulky Objects 

SUMMARY 

This project is a pilot study to obtain data on optimum placement of 

lifting and carrying handles on awkward, bulky objects. Manual materials 

handling, accounting for about 25-30% of compensable injuries, has been 

recognized by NIOSH as a significant safety hazard and a significant research 

area .. Within this area the problem of design and placement of handles, or 

other devices to couple the material to the human operator, has emerged as one 

with inadequate data to provide usable recommendations to designers. 

This research has as its objective the determination of the optimum 

position and angle of carrying handles on bulky cubic boxes--a ·frequentlyencountered manual materials handling object. Ten subjects, chosen to represent the adult male population, will each perform a holding task using three 

box sizes, two box weights and nine handle positions. Measurements will be 

taken of arm forces required, angle of handle, heart rate and subjective 

ratings of local and general exertion. Biomechanical analysis of results will 

include an evaluation of the role of body/box friction in manual materials 

handling tasks. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

59 
: UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY 

Lexi _ngto\1 :, ·Kentucky -

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Ira J. Ross, Ph.D. 

Professor of Agricultural Engineering 

Room 130 

Agricultural Engineering Department 

University of Kentucky 

Lexington, Kentucky 40506 

TITLE 

Safety in Grain Bins 

SUMMARY 

GRANT NUMBER: 1 ROl OH00849-0l 

i ,, 

The number- of .. deaths occurring in grain '~.torage bi ns has been ri.sing in 

recent years primarily as a result. of the increased .use of on-the-farm storage 

and automatically confrolled bin unloading equipment. The overall objective of this project is to· detennine the exact nature o'f the physical · circumstances 

involved in these ac'cidents and to :Provide design data which. can be used to 

develop safety. equipment, procedures, and standards for their prevention. More specifically the aims are to: , . 

1. Determine the magnj tude·: and character of forces actj ng on a person trapped 

in a mass of grain ., flowing 1

to a bin"ou~let from bulk storage under normal _and faulty grain conditions,... ·: 

2. Develop equipment and procedural Griteri~ for preventive safety and emergency techniques to (a) avoid a~d/or minimize risk for a person entering a' 

grain bin and (b) carr:y out search, sustain life, and complete .rescue. 

A large grain bin will be used for testing with manikins. A variety ·of 

potential safety procedures are being considered and it is anticipated that 

experience gained from actual testing will suggest others. The ultimate 

contribution of the project will be a reduction in the number of deaths that 

occur annually in grain bin accidents. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

60 
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO CIRCLE 

Chicago, Illinois 

GRANT NUMBER: 5 ROl OH00514-05 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Albert B. Schultz, Ph.D. 

Professor of Mechanical Engineering 

Department of Materials Engineering 

University of Illinois at Chicago Circle 

Box 4348 

Chicago, Illinois 60680 

TITLE 

Back Injuries: Mechanical Stresses in the Human Spine 

SUMMARY 

The objectives of this research are (1) to analyze the three-dimensional 

force systems that act in the human spine during industrial handling and 

lifting tasks; (2) to analyze the mechanical stresses within the intervertebral motion segments caused by these systems. 

Basic features of the program are (1) the use of computer-generated 

analogs of the entire thoracolumbar spine and finite-element model of single 

intervertebral motion segments, and (2) the use of experimental data to ensure 

that the models are valid, and to confirm predictions made from model-obtained 

results. 

The results of these studies may lead to significant breakthroughs in 

learning how the incidence and severity of industrial back injuries can be 

reduced. 

PUBLICATIONS 

Schultz, A.B., 11Biomechanics of the Spine and Trunk," Ch. 15 in 

Orthopaedic Engineering; A Treatise, Katz, J.L. and Mow, V.C., editors, 

Marcel Dekker, New York. 

Schultz, A.B., et. al. 1977. Voluntary Strengths of Male Adults with Acute 

Low Back Syndromes. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 129:84-95. 

Schultz, A.B., et. al. 1976. Roentgenographic Evaluation of Vertebral 

Rotation. J. of Bone and Joint Surgery. 58A:1125-1129. 

Schultz, A.B., et. al. 1976. Nonlinear Behavior of the Human Intervertebral 

Disc Under Axial Load. J. of Biomechanics. 9:377-386. 

' 

61 
Schultz, A. B., et. al. 1975. Biomechanical Characteristics of Vertebral 

Motion Segments and Intervertebral Discs. Orthopaedics Clinics of North 

America. 6:121-133. 

Schultz, A.B., et. al. 1974. A Model for Studies of Mechanical Interactions 

Between the Human Spine and Rib Cage. J. Biomechanics. 7:497-507. 

Schultz, a.B., et. al. 1974. Finite Element Stress Analysis of an Intervertebral Disc. J. Biomechanics. 7:277-285. 

Schultz, A.B., et. al. 1974. Force-Deformation Properties of Human CostoSternal and Casto-Vertebral Articulations. J. Biomechanics. 7:311-318. 

Schultz, A.B., et. al. 1974. Force-Deformation Properties of Human Ribs. J. 

Biomechanics. 7:303-309. 

62 
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 

Ann Arbor, Michigan 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Don B. Chaffin, Ph.D. 

TITLE 

2260 G. G. Brown Laboratory 

The University of Michigan 

Ann Arbor, Michigan 48019 

GRANT NUMBER: 5 ROl OH00679-04 

An Investigation of Occupational Wrist Injuries in Women 

SUMMARY 

This investigation seeks to ascertain the influence of intra-wrist forces 

as factors in the etiology of tenosynovitis and carpal tunnel syndrome, as 

problems of particular significance to women in industrial wrist injuries. 

The investigators are conducting series of in-plant studies in workers 

who have developed wrist injuries and are compared with workers on the same 

jobs who have not developed such afflictions. Careful analyses of hand-wrist 

postures and force loadings are developed for a variety of jobs that have both 

a high incidence rate and a low incidence rate of wrist injury. 

The investigations are performed at the Fisher-Body Division of General 

Motors Corporation, Tecumsen Plant in Michigan. Eight different jobs are 

studies in which at least three different operators are filmed to obtain 

postural information of hand positions. Force measurements are then performed 

to determine peak forces operating on the hand during the entire job cycle. 

In addition, workers who have been identified as having carpal tunnel 

syndrome are to be investigated and compared to a control group. 

Simulations are to be conducted for data analysis on a digital computer 

and a statistical approach is made for the interpretation of the data derived 

from the experimental and control subjects. 

The results of this project should clarify the .approaches to be taken 

diagnostically, preventatively, and therapeutically in workers especially 

female workers performing jobs wi~h a high risk factor for wrist damage. The 

results should provide a clearer understanding of why women workers are.at much 

greater risk than men, and it would better define those work methods wh,c~ 

increase important tissue loading in the wrist and which are correlated with 

increased incidence of disorders. 

PUB LI CATIONS 

None 

63 
'· UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT 

Burlington, Vermont 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

John Frymoyer, M.D. 

TITLE 

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery 

Medical Alumni Building 

University of Vermont 

Burlington, Vermont 05401 

GRANT NUMBER: 5 ROl OH00745-02 

Vibration and Industrially Related Low Back Disease 

SUMMARY 

This research will attempt to clarify mechanical factors responsible for 

low back pain through retrospective and prospective studies. A survey of a 

general practice population will be performed to determtne the incidence of low 

back disorders. Six study popula.tions wil.l be selected with various mechanical 

risk factors, and will be studied through questionnaires, psychological evaluation, .and physical examination. The greatest emphasis of the study will be 

~laced on the rrile of repetitive vibrational ~t0esses. The questionnaire will 

determine (1) episodes of low back pain not requiring treatment, (2) episodes 

treated by other health care professionals, (3) disability resulting from the 

pain, and (4) any occupational stresse~. such as vibration or heavy lifting. · From the retrospective study, the i nves ti gators wi 11 attempt to define agematched volunteers from the six male population subgroups that can be used for 

their prospective study: those .with a nistory of low back pain,. both with and 

without identifiable mechanical risk factors, who have required medical attention; and those with an without identifiable mechanical risk factors who 

have never had any low back pain. 

, The prospective studies will involve five steps: giving all volunteers 

(1) a computerized questionnaire and (2) a standard physical examination, 

(3) taking AP and lateral spine radiographs, .(4) .doing biomechan.ical studies, 

and (5) studying individual case histories. The computerized questionnaire will include medical, historical, occupational and psychosocial variables, the 

latter designed to generate pers.onality characteristics similar to those 

currently identified as important in the large-scale MMPI te~t. The 

standardized physical ·examinatiow wtll include a Motre ·Fringe analysis of 

spinal posture, a Moire Fringe and a modified vectorstereographic analysis of 

spine motion, determinations of abdominal and extensor strength and hamstring tightness, and a standardized neurological examination. 

64 
PUBLICATIONS 

Frymoyer, JW, Pope, MH, Wilder, DG, Stokes, IA, Moreland, M. 1979 . Moire fringe topography of the human body. Presented and published as Abstract 

at 31st ACEMB. Pending publication in Medical Instrumentation. 

Pope, MN, Buturla, E., Wilder, DG, Frymoyer, JW. 1979. Changes in the form 

of the lumbar spine. Accepted by 7th Annual N.E. Bioengineeri.ng Conf. 

Pope, MH. Wilder, DG, Stokes, IA, Frymoyer, JW: 197.8: 

an aid to decision making in low back pain patients ~ meeting of the International Society for the Study of 

paper to Symposium in decision Making in SPINE. 

) . ,. 1 ,; 

65 

Biomechanical testing as 

Presented at the 1978 

the Lumbar Spine. Invited 
TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY 

Lubbock, Texas 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

M. M. Ayoub, Ph.D. · Professor of Industrial Engineering 

and Biomedical Engineering 

Dept. of Industrtal En~ineering 

Texas Tech University 

Lubbock, Texas 79409 

TITLE 

GRANT NUMBER: l ROl OH00798-02 

Effects of 'Task Variables on Lifting Capacity 

SUMMARY 

There are three basic approaches for establishing criteria for Manual 

Materials Handling (MMH) standards of guidelines. These are the psychophysical, the physiological, and the biomechanical. These approaches have yielded 

data on lifting capacity which conflict. Therefore prior to the establishment 

of any guidelines or standards for MMH any conflicts must be resolved to determine a criterion or a set of criteria to be used for this purpose. In phase I, 

the proposed research is designed to achieve this end, namely, use both he phy- siological and psychophysical techniques to determine which of these should be 

used for establishing MMH guidelines or standards. The proposed work calls 

for three experiments using both operator and task variables to determine the 

capacity of lifting and develop models to predict this capacity. Both of 

these will be~ function of the ta~k and operator variables. 

The objectives of this research are to determine whether or not a single 

criteria can be used for MMH standards, to establish the optimum weight/bulk 

ratio for containers, to detennine the effects to spine twist on MMH capacity, 

to study the effects of training on MMH capacity, and to study the interactive 

effects of task variables on MMH capacity. 

During Phase II of the proposed work, it is planned to carry out an intervention study where results of the phase I work as well as previous research 

results will be implemented in a typical industrial environment. Thus phase 

II will investigate the effectiveness of job redesign as well as screening 

techniques (for assigning personnel to jobs which are within their MMH capacities) in terms of MMH injury reduction in both frequency and severity. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

66 
UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Thomas F. Mancuso, M.D., Ph.D. 

Research Professor 

Graduate School of Public Health 

University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 

TITLE 

GRANT NUMBER: 1 ROl OH00929-0l 

Occupational Health Risks of Workers in Atomic Plants 

SUMMARY 

This is an epidemiologic study of the long-term effects of chronic exposure 

to low-level ionizing radiation in normal adult industrial populations. The 

study involves workers employed since 1944 at nuclear facilities at Hanford, 

Washington; Oak Ridge, Tennessee; and three feed mill plants who have been 

exposed to fractionated doses of low-level ionizing radiation over a span of 

years and who have had their occupational radiation exposure measured and 

recorded on a uniform basis during their period of employment at these faci1 i ti es. 

The total study will involve approximately 150,000 workers as well as a 

matched control population. Successive cohort analyses of employee populations, with simultaneous control of employment measures, patterns, occupations 

and external and internal radiation measurements will be carried out. The data 

collected and analyzed will include both radiological and nonradiological 

occupational exposures. 

PUB LI CATIONS 

None 

67 
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 

Gainesville, Florida 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Kenneth C. Leibman, Ph.D. 

Department of Pharmacology 

Health Center Box J-267 

University of Florida 

Gainesville, Florida 32610 

TITLE 

GRANT NUMBER: 5 ROl OH00316-14 

Metabolism of Industrial Toxicants 

SUMMARY 

The objectives are to study the metabolism of a number of classes of 

organic industrial chemicals that are on the N.I.O.S.H. priority list of 

hazardous industrial chemicals. These include the eight polychloroethanes, 

the group of ally and acryl a-1 compounds containing the CH =CH-CO group and 

their derivatives-i and the solvent dioxane. 

. ' Currently the metabolic interrelationships of allyl alcohol, acrolein, and 

acrylic acid, the epoxidative metabolism of:these three compounds and the 

further metabolism of the epoxide products are being studied. Also studied 

are the "double dechlorination" of polychlorinated ethanes and the cyanide 

release from acrylonitrile. 

PUBLICATIONS 

Leibman, K.C. and E. ,Prtiz. 1978. Microsomal Met~bolism of Cyclohexene: , Hydroxylation in the Allylic Position. Drug Metab. Dispos. 6:375. 

Patel, J.M. and K.C. Leibman. 1978. 

by Rat Liver and Lung Prepatations. 

Metabolism of Allyl Alcohol and Acrolein 

Pharmacologist 20:181. 

Leibman, K.C. and E. Ortiz. 1977. Metabolism of Halogenated Ethylenes. 

Environ. Health Perspect. 21:91. 

Ackerman, D.M. and K.C. Leibmen. 1977. Effect of Experimental Diabetes on 

Drug Metabolism in the Rat. Drug Metab. Disp. 5:405. 

Leibmen, K.C. and E. Ortiz. 1976. Allylic Hydroxylation of Cyclohexene. 

Federation Proc. 35:666. 

68 
Leibman, K. C. and E. Ortiz.. 1975. Further Studies of Metyrapone Effects upon 

Anilide Hydroxylation. Drug Metab. Disp. 3:507. 

Leibman, K.C. 1975. Metabolism and Toxicity of Styrene. Environ. Health 

Perspect. 11:115. 

Ackerman, D.M. and K.C. Leibman. 1975. Effect of Experimental niabetes on 

Drug Metabolism. Federation Proc. 34:761. 

Leibman, D.C. and E. Ortiz. 1973. New Potent Modifiers.of Liver Microsomal 

Drug Metabolism: 1-Arylimidazoles. Drug Metab. Disp. 1:775. 

Leibman, K.C. and E. Ortiz. 1973. Mammalia~ ~etabolism of Terpenoids. I. 

Reduction and Hydroxylation of Camphor and Related Compounds. Orug Metab. 

Disp. 1 :543. 

Leibman, ·K.C. and E. Ortiz. 1973. Metyrapone and Other Modifiers of ~icrosomal Drug Metabolism. Drug Metab. Disp. 1:184. 

Leibman, K.C. and E. Ortiz. 1973. Further Studies of Metyrapone Effects on 

Acetan1lide Hydroxylation. Federation Proc. 32:701. 

Herschleb, W.P. and K.C. Leibman. 1972. Microsomal Metabolism of Butadiene .. Federation Proc. 31:559. 

Naeger, L.L. and K.C. Leibman. 1972 . . Mechanisms of Decaborane Toxicity. 

Tax. Appl. Pharmacol. 22:517. •\'· 

69 
UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA 

Minneapolis, Minnes6ta 

GRANT NUMBER: 2 ROl OH00350-07Al 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

TITLE 

W. Dixon Ward, Ph.D. 

Department of Otolaryngology 

University of Minnesota 

Box 461 Mayo Memorial Building 

Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 

Damage-Risk Criteria for Intermittent Noise Exposures 

SUMMARY 

Present damage-risk limits for exposure to inte·rmittent noise are base 

on inadequate data and are therefore ·unrealistic. On the one hand, use of the 

total-immission principle being actively promoted both on a national and iternational scale is generally over-conservative, since this principle assumes 

that the temporal pattern of noise exposure is irrelevant (only the t6tal 

energy matters) and thus ignores the ability of the auditory mechanism to 

recuperate between noise bursts. On the other hand, damage-risk contours proposed by CHABA, based on a criterion of a particular limiting temporary 

threshold shift (TTS) 2 minutes after cessation of the daily noise exposure, 

are not only complicated and unwieldy but are under-conservative for some 

exposure conditions because of faulty generalizations and unjustified extrapolations involved in their preparation. This research will provide empirical 

data that will permit correction and simplification of the CHABA contours. 

Normal listeners will be exposed for 8 hours to various patterns of interrupted noise, and the TTS produced will be measured at intervals from 2 minutes to 16 hours following exposure. Noise-exposure parameters to be varied 

include octave-band frequency and level, rate of interruption, and noise burst 

duration. The effects of (l) moderate noise during "quiet" periods, (2) the 

presence of pure-tone components in the noise, and (3) irregular (multilevel) patterns are also studied. Several TTS-based damage-risk criteria will 

be suggested, and equal-risk contours for intermittent noise will be constructed 

for each criterion. 

70 
PUBLICATIONS 

Ahaus, W.A., and W.D. Ward. 1975. Temporary Threshold Shift from ShortDuration Noise Bursts. J. Am. Audiol. Soc. 1:4-10. 

Ward, W.D., E. Cushing, and E.M. Burns. 1976. Effective Ouiet and Moderate 

TTS: Implications for Noise txposure Standards. J, Acoust. Soc. Am. 59: 

160-165. 

Ward, W.D. 1976. A Comparison of the Effects of Continuous, Intermittent, 

and Impulse Noise. In: The Effects of Noise on Hearing--Critical Issues~ 

D. Henderson and R.P. Hamernik, Eds. Raven Press. 

Ward, W.D., E.M. Cushing, and E.M. Burns. 1976. TTS from Neighborhood 

Aircraft Noise. J. A.coust. Soc. Am. 60:182-185. 

71 
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK UPSTATE MEDICAL CENTER 

Syracuse, New York 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Donald Henderson, Ph.D. 

The Research Foundation of 

the State Univ. of New York 

Upstate , Medi ca 1' Center 

750 East -Adams Street . Syracuse, New York 13210 

TITLE 

., GRANT NUMBER: 2 ROl OH00364-08 

The Effects of Impulse Noise on the Auditory System 

SUMMARY 

The objective of this research is to establish the relationship between 

the physical factors of impulse noise and their effects upon anatomical, 

physiological, and behavioral aspects of the ear. The physical factors to be 

studied include peak pressure, duration, number, repetition rate, etc. 

This grant has demonstrated that the effects of impulse noise are qualitatively different from those of continuous noise; that the degree of hearing loss is related not only to intensity and duration, but also to the interstimulus interval and the total number of impulses; that impulse noise may 

also affect the ampullae of the vestibular system; that part of the hearing loss following noise expos.ure can be traced to the central auditory system 

and that 11 safe 11 impulse noise can interact with 11 safe 11 continuous noise to 

produce large hearing losses. The research is continuing in an effort to 

formulate a comprehensive damage-risk criterion (CDR) for impulse noise. The 

plan is to conduct parametric studies in which chinchillas are initially screened by either evoked auditory response audiometry or conditioning autiometry, systematically exposed to a set of impulses and audiometric changes 

followed for 30 days, at which time the animals wil be sacrificed. In-depth studies of exposures in which the animals will be examined by electron 

microscopy and histochemistry in addition to the audiometric procedures. 

Realistic noise exposures of either "work weekll.or asymptotic threshold shift 

regiments of impulse noise will be employed. Selected animals will also be 

examined for vestibular noise. 

72 
PUBLICATIONS 

Hamernik, R.P., Henderson, D., Hynson, K., 11 Impulse Noise and Synergistic 

Effects Aggravate Hearing Loss 11 , Occupational Health and Safety, January/ February 1978. · , · 

Henderson, D., Hamernik, R. P. 1978. 11Long Term Impulse Noise Studies in 

the Chinchilla. 11 International Scientific Noise Teams-Symposium on Noise 

as a Public Health Problem (III) Freiberg, September. 

Salvi, R.J., Hamernik, R.P., Henderson, D., "Auditory Nerve Activity and 

Cochlear Morphology After Noise Exposure 11 , 15th Workshop Inner Ear Biology, Seefeld, Austria 1978, also in press, Atta. Otol. 

Salvi, R.J., Henderson, D., Hamernik, R.P. 1978. "Single Auditory Nerve 

Fiber and Action Potential Latencies in Normal and Noise-Treated Chinchillas" 

submitted Hearing Research. · 

Woodford, C.W., et. al. 1978. Effects of Combinations of Sodium Salicylate 

and Noise on theAuditory Threshold, Ann. of Oto Rhin·o. La rynagol. 87:117. 

Hamernik, R.P., et. at. 1976. Vestibulo-Traumatic Eff~cts of Impulse Nois 

Exposure, Proc. l3th~nternat: Cong. of Audiology, Florence, Italy. 

Henderson, D., et. al. 1976. Impulse Noise and the Equal Energy Hypothesis, 

Proc. 13th Internat-.-Cong. of Audiology, Florence I_taly. 

Hamernik, R.P., et. al. 1976. Potentiation of Noise by Other Ototraumati~ 

Agents. In: TheEffects of Nois.e on Hearing, Henderson, D., et. tl· Eds. 

Henderson, D., Et. al. 1974. New Data for Noise Standards, Laryngoscope · 84:714. ~ ~ 

Woodford, C. W., et. al. 1974 . . The Threshold Duration Function of the Acoustic Reflex in Mari"':" Internat. Audio. 14:53. 

Hamernik, R.P., et. al. 1974. Combined Impulse and Continuous Noise: Auditory Effects, J.Acous. Soc. Amer. 55:117. 

Hamernik, R.P., anq n. Henderson. 1974. Impulse Noise Trauma: A Study of 

Histological Susceptibility, Arch. of Otolaryng. 99:118 . . 

Henderson, D., et. al. 1974. Audiometric and Anatomical Correlates of Impulse Noise Exposure; Arch. of Otolaryng. 99:62. 

73 
AMERICAN HEALTH FOUNDATION 

Valhalla, New York 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

John H. Weisburger, Ph.D. 

Vice President for Research 

American Health Foundation 

Hammond House Road 

Valhalla, New York 10595 

TITLE 

GRANT NUMBER: 2 ROl OH00611-04 

Mechanism of Action: Carcinogenic o-Methylarylamines 

SUMMARY 

Ortho-methyl substitution in 2-naphthylamine and 4-aminobiphenyl enhances 

the carcinogenicity and, depending on the experimental protocols, affects 

diverse target tissues. Certain of these chemicals are important industrial 

products. This research is intended to elucidate the mechanism whereby orthomethyl substitution leads to the enhanced carcinogenicity of 2-amino-3-

methylnaphthalene (AMN) and 3,2 1

-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (DMAB). These 

chemicals can cause colon canc~r in male rats and mammary and colon cancer in 

female rats. One of the approaches will involve the clarification of the activation and detoxication pathways in vivo using the Carbon 14 labeled carcinogens. AMN-carbon 14 has already been prepared; the synthesis of DMAB-carbon 

14 is in progress. To test' the working hypothesis that the o-methylamino 

effect involves oxidation of the methyl group, another approach will be to synthesize derivatives in which the amine group and the a-methyl group are progressively oxidized with derivatives devoid of the a-methyl group, in 

mutagenicity assays and when indicated, in rats, hamsters and mice for carcinogenicity. These efforts will be paralleled by a search for metabolites 

analogous to those derivatives both in vivo and in vitro. While evidence for 

activation through N-hydroxylation for ,AMN and DMAB has already been obtained. 

They also will examine the possibility of epoxide formation through the analysis 

of the products of in vivo and in vitro metabolism. Long term plans include 

a determination of the interaction of these chemicals with cellular macromolecules in target tissues. It is hoped that an understanding of the metaboli~ 

pathways and interaction of these chemicals will help to elucidate the mechanism 

of action and provide leads to rational preventive measures. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

74 
MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE-CUNY 

New York, New York 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

TITLE 

William J. Nicholson, Ph.D. 

Environmental Sciences Laboratory 

Mount Sinai School of Medicine 

100th Street and Fifth Avenue 

New York, New York 10029 

GRANT NUMBER: 5 ROl OH00690-02 

Cohort Mortality Study of Dimethylnitrosamine Workers 

SUMMARY 

A cohort of workers exposed to nitrosocompounds is being evaluated as 

to thei,r mortality patterns, compared to known environmental measurements of 

their exposures. 

Employment rosters and union records will be used for the identification 

of the cohort and the tracing of the members of the cohort have been done. The 

full mortality experience of the cohort is being studied and expected and observed rates of death by cause have been tabulated in search for unusual 

mortality patterns. Cause of death will be verified by obtaining a review of 

appropriate hospital and medical records and available pathological material. 

The expected rates of death by cause will be calculated using appropriate age, 

sex, race, calendar period, and location specific data from the National Office 

of Vital Statistics on a person years-at-risk basis. The calculated rates 

will be compared with those observed at yearly intervals during the course of 

this research. The individuals in the study will be characte·rized according 

to exposure categories defined by company env·i ronmenta 1 measurements, by the 

data from periodic blood analysis for SGOT and SGPT, and by descriptions of 

work activities and circumstances. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

75 
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Donald W. Nielsen 

Di rector 

. HENRY FORD HOSPITAL 

Detroit, Michigan 

GRANT NUMBER 1 ROl OH00705-0l 

Otological Research Laboratory Henry Ford Hospital 

2799 West Grand Boulevard 

Detroit, Michigan 48202 

TITLE . ,; :-

Animal Model to Study the Effects of Noise on Humans 

SUMMARY 

The goal of this research is to identify an appropriate animal model for use 

in studying the effects of long-term noise on the inner ear of humans. Speci- fically, it is proposed to investigate the amount of temporary threshold shift 

{TIS), its _growth and d~cay in squirrel monkeys and humans to long t_erm exposure 

to noise. In addition, histopathological data will be .collected from the 

monkeys. The variety of noises -used will be artificially generated noises and 

recorded factory noises. Experimental exposure durations will replicate workday durations. By .combining .the human testing facilities on one institution, 

the animal testing facilities of another, and the histological facilities _ of a · third, a complete .systematic investigation of the appropriateness of the squirrel monkey as an ·animal model for .use in studying the effects of long-term noise on 

the inner ear of humans ca~ be accomplished. 

Once the relationship b'etween man ~nd monkey fs established, the monkey can 

be. used and the appropriate . stimuli can _ be syst~matically extended in~o durations and levels ~onsidered1 ·dangerous: to humans . . The behavioral and histological consequences of long term exposure to noise can then be evaluate9 and 

generalized to man. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

76 
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Peter B. Dews, M.D. 

Department of Psychiatry 

Harvard Medical School 

25 Shattuck Street 

HARVARD UNIVERSITY 

Boston, Massachusetts 

GRANT NUMBER: 5 ROl OH00706-02 

Boston, Massachusetts 02115 

TITLE 

Test of Environmental Toxins on Behavior of Mice 

SUMMARY 

Exposure of humans to chemical influences in the work place or home may have 

behavioral effects. 

This project outlines an approach for a systematic, but relatively simple, 

assessment of the behavioral toxicity of a group of highly volatile organic solvents commonly used in industry. An apparatus has been developed for the · rapid training of mice ori a mult. FR30 FI300 schedule of reinforcement. This 

procedure has been. shown to be sensitive to a wide variety of pharmacological 

agents and has been widely used in behavioral pharmacology. Mice will be placed in an airtight metal enclosure and exposed to an organic solvent (trichloroethylene, acetone, methyl, ethyl, ketone, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, 

benzene, toluene, ethyl acetate, or octane) over a range of concentrations 

while responding under a mult FR FI schedule of reinforcement to determine dosebehavioral effect curves. The behavioral effects of the exposure will be 

assessed after both acute and chronic exposure. 

PUBLICATIONS . 

Dews, P.B. 1978. Origins and Future of Behavioral Pharmacology. Life Sciences 

22: 1115-1122. Pergamon Press. 

Dews, P.B. 1978. Epistemology of _Screening for Behavioral Toxicity. Environmental Health Perspectives, 26:37-42. 

77 
UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI 

Cincinnati, Ohio 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Joseph A. Caruso, Ph.D. 

Professor of Chemistry 

Department of Chemistry 

University of Cincinnati 

Cincinnati, Ohio 45221 

TITLE 

GRANT NUMBER: 1 ROl OH00739-01Al 

Atomic Spectrometry of Occupational Health Samples 

SUMMARY 

Trace element analysis is ever increasing in importance. Applications 

to blood, urine and tissue samples are very widespread. Atomic spectroscopy 

is a preferred technique in many of these analyses. Usually it ·is applied in 

the sjngle element mode although inductively coupled plasma emission spectrographs· are now being utilized more for simultaneous multielement analyses. This 

proposal considers an alternate approach to multielement analysis, namely 

through generation of volatile· hydrides followed by chromatography and subsequent 

sequential determination of the individual elements by a microwave induced 

plasma emission spectrometer. Alternately sequential atomic absorption spectrometry may serve as the detennining step. Elements of both essential and 

~oxicological ~ignificance such as Se, As, Sb, Su, and Ge will be studied. 

Hydride generation for these elements and others such a Pb,' Bi, and Te has 

significant advantages over other methods including furnace atomic absorption 

spectrometry or any of the techmiques which require solution aspiration. These 

advantages include relative freedom from matrix interferences, detection at 

sub-ppb levels, wide dynamic linear ranges, as well as potential for sequential 

multielement analysis; this potential will be thoroughly investigated in the 

proposed work. 

Sequential multielement analysis can be accomplished through computer 

control of an atomic spectrometer for slewing and data acquisition. Samples 

will include blood and other biological fluids; however, the emphasis will be 

on freeze dried human lung tissue. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

78 
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Joannes H. Karis, M.D. 

Box 3094 

DUKE UN IVERS ITV 

Durham, North Carolina 

GRANT NUMBER: 1 ROl OH00781-02 

Duke University Medical Center 

Durham, NC 27710 

TITLE 

Increase of Toxicity of Trace Anesthetics by UV Light 

SUMMARY 

Trace levels of anesthetics released during operations are potential health 

hazards for operating room personnel. The common anesthetic agents, halothane, 

enflurane, and nitrous oxide, can be metabolized in vivo or converted to more 

reactive compounds in vitro. Ultraviolet light irradiation is used in some 

operating rooms in the U.S. to decrease intraoperative infections. Ultraviolet 

light irradiation may decompose these agents to toxicants either directly or 

indirectly through ozone, singlet oxygen or other photochemical reactions. To 

investigate the potential role of photochemical reactions on the occupational 

hazards of inhalation of trace concentrations of these agents by operating room 

personnel rats and mice will be exposed to known concentrations of halothane, 

enflurane or nitrous oxide with and without light irradiation. The wavelength 

of the light source will be varied to determine the nature of the photochemical 

reaction using fluorescent, germicidal and ultraviolet lamps. The concentration 

of the anesthetic agent before and after irradiation will be measured by electron 

capture gas liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The nature of the decomposition product(s) will be determined and the inhalation toxicity of the 

irradiated gases will be determined. Conversion of nitrous oxide to nitrogen 

dioxide and other oxides of nitrogen will be determined chemically. Finally 

the concentration of the anesthetic agents and their potential toxic decomposi- tion products will be measured in the operating room. These data will be used 

to assess the potential human hazards from long term occupational exposure. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

79 
THE JOHN B. PIERCE FOUNDATION 

New Haven, Connecticut 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR. 

Richard R. Gonzalez, Ph.D. 

The John B. Pierce Foundation Laboratory 

290 Congress Avenue 

New Haven, Connecticut 06519 

TITLE 

GRANT NUMBER: 1 ROl OH00836-01 

Heat Strain: Biophysical ,and Physiological Evaluation .. 

SUMMARY 

This proposal concerns how the stress and strain of a warm thermal environment may be assessed in terms of the various- physical and physiological factors 

involved. The entire physics of,heat transfer between the skin surface and 

the environment can be characterized by a single factor defined as the ratio of 

the effective sensible heat transfer coefficient (for radiation, convection 

and conductance) to the insensible heat transfer coefficient (by evaporation). The major goal of the proposed research is to validate a concept .of physiological 0equivalence over a wide range of thermal stress and thus to determine 

how various physiological responses, such as changes in heart rate, in esophageal temperature as well as in total and regional sweating, compare with . Effective Temperature. Observations will be made at various clothing insulations and ,under different exercise intensities at both constant and transient 

levels of temperatute and humidity. The pattern of physiological responses 

by males and females will be evaluated during acclimation to heat and ·for 

various levels of physical fitness. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

80 
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Glenn E. Fanslow, Ph.D. 

Associate Professor 

College of Engineering 

122 Coover Hall 

Iowa State University 

Ames, Iowa 50011 

TITLE 

IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY 

Ames, Iowa 

GRANT NUMBER: l ROl OH00859-0l 

Dosimetry for Non-Ionizing Radiation 

SUMMARY 

This research will focus on the use of the temperature-dependent property 

of thermoluminescence fade as a means of determining average and accumulated 

non-ionizing radiation. The m~thodology will involve the comparison of the 

thermoluminescence signals of ·two sensors. While both sensors will have temperature variations due to changes in ambient temperature, the temperature of one 

of the sensors will be raised above ambient by an amount related to the nonionizing radiation present. This higher temperature will cause more fade in one 

sensor than the other, and the difference in the thermoluminescence signals from 

the two sensors will be a measure of the non-ionizing radiation. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

81 
KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY 

Manhattan, Kansas 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

TITLE 

Stephan A. Konz, Ph.D. 

Kansas State University 

Institute for Env. Research 

Manhattan, Kansas 66506 

GRANT NUMBER: l ROl OH00874-0l 

Physio. Responses to Exposures to Intermittent Heat 

SUMMARY 

When working in heat, most workers wear clothing (e.g. long-sleeved shirt 

and trousers. However, most heat stress research has used semi-nude subjects. 

Workers also tend to go in and out of heat all ·day (intermittent exposure) while 

most research has continuous heat exposure for l or 2 hours. Most workers are 

heat acclimatized; much research uses non-acclimatized subjects. 

This project has five phases: clothing worn- in the field, insulation values, 

physiological responses, model validation and intermittent heat stress guidelines. 

In phase one, they will determine, for at least 25 organizations, what articles are actually worn in heat stress and recovery. In Phase two they will 

determine, using our electrically heated copp·er mannequin, insulation values 

(clo) of typical ensembles from Phase l. In Phase 3, they will measure physiological responses of 12 acclimatized subjects at 4 temperature levels, 3 

work-rest cycles, and 3 clothing levels and 2 recovery levels. Each session 

will last 10.5 hours {pretest, heat, post-test sessions with time for subjects to have coffee and lunch breaks in controlled environments). Heart 

rate, skin temperature, rectal temperature and clothing surface temperatures 

will be recorded automatically on tape every five minutes. Weight loss will 

be recorded every 60 min. In Phase four, from the previous data and from 

Phase three, they will validate the biophysical 25 node human thermoregulatory 

model for clothed exercising individuals exposed to intermittent heat stress. 

In Phase five, from the experimental data and computer simulations using the 

model, guidelines will be developed giving permitted exposure to intermittent 

heat stress for clothed workers. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

82 
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Peter W. Carr, Ph.D. 

Department of Chemistry 

University of Minnesota 

UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA 

Minneapolis, Minnesota 

GRANT NUMBER: 1 ROl OH00876-0l 

207 Pleasant St., S.E. 

Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 

TITLE 

Novel LC Multielement Methods for Occupational Health 

SUMMARY 

This work is aimed at developing new liquid chromatographic (HPLC) 

methodologies and materials for use in environmental health. Fluorescence 

detectors will be used to achieve high sensitivity detection of trace metals 

which will be concentrated and pre-column derivatized with fluorogenic chelating agents and then separated by reverse phase chromatography. Amperometric detectors will be tested as sensors for metal complexes which are 

non-fluorescent. In both cases picogram sensitivities can be obtained for 

appropriate metals. The extraction and chromatographic separation can 

obviate many spectral and electrochemical interferences. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

83 
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Irving Shapiro, B.D.S., M.Sc., Ph.D. 

Professor and Chairman, Biochemistry 

School of Dental Medicine 

University of Pennsylvania 

4001 Spruce Street 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 

TITLE 

GRANT NUMBER: 1 ROl OH00886-0l 

Mercury Burden and Health Impairment in Dental Auxiliaries 

SUMMARY 

Previous studies .of· dental personnel have inaicated .that mercury exposure 

in the dental office represents a health -hazard of dental -practice . Attempts to 

measure the clinical health deficits associated with .exposure have been few. , Furthermore, the investigations that have been performed have been limited to 

evaluating current mercury exposure through blood, urine or hair analysis. The 

important relationship between cumulative mercury exposure and chronic health 

impairment has not been studied. This research addresses itself _to examining 

this relationship . 

The population consists of 300 dental auxiliaries who have had contact with 

mercury and a cohort of 50 dental auxiliaries who do not use mercury in their 

practice. Cumulative mercury levels will be ascertained by measuring bone and 

brain mercury levels in situ by an X-ray fluorescence technique that was developed in our laboratories. The top ten per cent of the ranked population 

will then be further examined for neurological and renal deficits. Electrodiagnostic studies will measure nerve conduction velocity, denervation, neuromuscular transmission and sensory action potentials. Renal examination will 

include kidney urinary concentrating function, osmolality and urinary microprotein. The kidney mercury level will also be ascertained by X-ray fluorescence in the group demonstating elevated bone mercury. Neuropsychological 

evaluation is being performed on the ranked upper and lower twenty-five percent 

of the population. Current mercury exposure levels of these populations will 

also be determined through analysis of blood, urine and hair and correlated 

with total body mercury burden as determined by X-ray fluorescence. The 

results of these evaluations will indicate whether functional health deficits 

have occurred as a result of mercury accumulation . 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

84 
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 

Berkeley, California 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

William J. Popendorf, Ph.D. 

Assistant Professor 

School of Public Health 

Room 203, Earl Warren Hall 

University of California 

Berkeley California 94720 

TITLE 

GRANT NUMBER: l ROl OH00889-0l 

Predicting Diluted Vapor Ratios for Solvent Mixtures 

SUMMARY 

This project addresses the need . for predicting multicomponent vapor concentrations of evaporating organic solvent mixtures from the measurement of 

a single component of the vapor phase and quantitative analysis of the bulk 

liquid. Existing solutions -to this problem suffer from one or more shortcomings due to (1) inappropriate or unrealistic simplifying assumptions, (2) limiting 

restrictions -not applicable to most field situations, or (3) lack of suffi~ient 

and accurate thermodynamic data for the implementation of more exact solutions. 

An engineering model of t~e processes of evaporation and dilution to breathing 

zone concentrations is proposed to be used with a thermodynamic model to predict ~he equilibrium va~or concentrations. The proposed models employ the 

approach of calculating .relative vapor ratios to eliminate the approximation 

of otherwise indeterminant mass transfer parameters and a recent breakthrough in the computer prediction of the thermodynamic parameter activity coefficient, 

which adjusts for non-ideal liquid behavior. This model will be tested · and refined in the laboratory under various air flow conditions. During Year· 2 _of this study it is propose.ct to do field testing to complete the verification 

of the new prediction methodology. Various schemes will also be explored to 

allow general field usage of the methodology without the need for a computer. 

PUB LI CATIONS 

_None . 

85 
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 

Ann Arbor, Michigan 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Arthur Vander, M.D. 

Professor 

Department of Physiology 

The University of Michigan 

Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104 

TITLE 

GRANT NUMBER: 9 ROl OH00913-04 

Lead: Its Renal Handling, Renin and Erythropoietin 

SUMMARY 

This project has four broad objectives: (1) To evaluate the possible role 

of lead, as an activator of the renin-angiotension-aldosterone system (RAAS), 

in generating chronic hypertension; (2) to further clarify the renal mechanisms of lead-handling; (3) to elucidate effects of lead on transport at the 

blood-brain barrier (BBB); (4) to determine how lead gets into brain extracellular fluid (ECF). Small doses of lead have been shown to increase renal 

electrolyte excretion and renin secretion; such activation of the RAAS could 

lead to hypertension. The hypertensive effects of lead alone or in combination 

with other stimuli, e.g. psychosocial stress, cadmium exposure, etc. will be 

studied. The role of RAAS will be evaluated using pharmacologic blockers. We 

have determine that lead itself is filtered, reabsorbed, and secreted by the 

kidney; we will now elucidate more fully the mechanisms, i.e. transport sites, 

chelators or co-transported molecules/ions, effects of drugs and hormones, etc. 

Clearance and stop-flow techniques in vivo, as well as renal clices and isolated perfused tubules in vitro will be employed. 

Lead and blood-brain transport will be studied in rats lead-poisoned from 

birth or in acutely poisoned guinea pigs. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF} electrolytes and the entry of amino acids into brain will be measured (brain-uptake 

index). Ventriculo-cisternal perfusion will be used to assess subtle leadinduced changes in permeability of the BBB to radioactive ions and molecules. 

Passage of 203 Pb from blood into CSF of suckling rats (undeveloped BBB) and in 

BBB-damaged adult rats (osmotic technique) will elucidate the role of the BBB 

in keeping lead out of brain ECF. These results will provide critical information on how lead-induced changes in brain ECF may lead to encephalopathy or 

minimal brain dysfunction. 

PUBLICATIONS 

_Vander, A.J., Mouw, D.R., Cox. J., and Johnson, B. in press March 1979. 

Lead Transport by renal Slices and Its Inhibition by Tin. Am. J. Physiol. 

86 
Smith, J.M., Mouw, D.R., and Vander, A.J. in press March, 1979. Parathyroid 

Hormone and Renin Secretion Am. J. Physiol. 

Abbrecht, P., D. Mouw, A.J. Vander, and K. Kali tis. 1978. The Effect of Chronic, 

Low-Level Lead-Poisoning on the Erythropoi eti n and Reni n Response to Hypo_xi a. 

Proc. Soc. Expt. Biol. Med. 158: 109-117. 

Mouw, D.R., A.J. Vander and J.Cox. Fleischer, N. 1978. Acute Effects of Lead 

on Renal Electrolyte Excretion and Plasma Renin .Activity. Tax. App. Pharm. 

46: 435-447. 

87 
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY 

New, York, New York 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Bernard S. Pasternack, Ph.D. 

Professor of Environmental Medicine 

New York University Medical Center 

Institute of Environmental Medicine 

550 First Avenue 

New York, New York 10010 

TITLE 

GRANT NUMBER: l ROl OH00915-0l 

Epidemiological Study of Malignant Melanoma 

SUMMARY 

The objective of this case-control study is to determine the magnitude of 

the association between malignant melanoma and a comprehensive set of possible risk factors, some of which previously have not received quantitative epidemio- logic analysis. To accomplish this, data collected at New York University Medical Center on approximately 650 ,cases and twice as many controls was analyzed. The effects of potential confounding factors will be removed pri- marily by stratification. A composite risk factor score will be developed for the purpose of identifiying high risk populations, at whom future monitoring for malignant melanoma could be directed. Significant positive associations found in this study, if corroborated by others, may also identify behavior, which, if modified, could result in a decreased incidence of 

disease. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

88 
THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY 

Baltimore, Maryland 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Genevieve~- Matanoski M.D., P.H. 

Professor 

School of Hygiene and Public Health 

The Johns Hopkins University 

615 North Wolfe St. 

Baltimore, Maryland 21205 

TITLE 

GRANT NUMBER: 1 ROl OH00920-0l 

Multiple Myeloma and Brain Tumors in Physicans 

SUMMARY 

The present investigators have noted that radiologists ·and otolaryngologists 

who have entered the field in recent years have a significantly higher rate of 

multiple myeloma than U.S. white males in general. It has been proposed that 

expos~re to repeated low-doses of radiation would have a simulatory effect on 

the immune system and thus result in plasma cell dyscrasias. Confounding variables such as exposure to infections and chemicals could influence this risk in 

physicians. 

Tumors of the brain occur with unusual frequency among internists with 

rates significantly higher than those seen in dentists. Very little is known 

about the etiology of these tumors but it has been noted in the total U.S. 

County Study that the mortality for brain tumors and multiple myeloma are correlated. 

This project will study the etiology of these two cancers and their correlation in physicians, a relatively homogeneous population distributed across 

the U.S. This group is unique in having a high probability of exposure to 

repeated low-dose radiation and infections and good medical histories. The design is a case-control study with an estimated 350 cases of each of the cancers 

and a stratified random sample of 700 deceased controls comparable by age, 

race, sex and year of death selected from the total physician deaths over 15 

years. Equal numbers of living controls will also be selected. The risk 

factors identified in previous studies will be examined by a telephone interview to the next-of-kin, the physician's associates, or the physician if a 

living control. A Multivariate analysis of data will be used to determine 

association of each of these cancers with radiation, infection, or other 

factors. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

89 
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Lorne Houten Ph.D. 

Associate Professor 

Department of Research Medicine 

University of Pennsylvania 

36th and Hamilton Walk GA 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 

TITLE 

GRANT NUMBER: 1 ROl OH00960-0l 

An Occupational History Module for Cancer Patients 

SUMMARY 

This project will develop and test an occupational history questionnaire, 

possibly computer assisted, which will collect both routine occupational information and detect data concerning specific exposures in chosen occupations and industries of suspected high risk. A system will be designed so 

as to be compatible with the Centralized Cancer Patient Data System currently 

in operation at nineteen Comprehensive Cancer Centers. The validity and reliability of the occupational data collected by the questionnare will be 

tested and the system will be demonstrated to the Comprehensive Cancer Centers 

in order to promote its general adoption by them for specific collaborative 

research studies. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

90 
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY 

New York, New York 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Bernard S. Pasternack, Ph.D. 

Professor of Environmental Medicine 

New York University Medical Center 

550 First Avenue 

New York, New York 10016 

TITLE 

GRANT NUMBER: 1 ROl OH00932-0l 

Mortality Experience of Workers Exposed to Haloethers 

SUMMARY 

The primary purpose of this study is to examine the respiratory cancer 

mortality experience of workers in the chemical industry who have been exposed to chloromethyl methyl ether (CMME). This will be accomplished by updating the mortality experience for the period 1973-1977 among workers in 

the six firms previously included in our epidemiologic study of occupational 

exposure to CMME. In addition, all exposed and nonexposed production workers in a seventh firm (plant on the West Coast) will be included in our 

retrospective cohort for complete mortality followup from the year in which 

CMME operations first began, 1955, through the end of 1977. Respiratory 

cancer and other mortality experience of the CMME-exposed workers wi 11 be 

characterized according to duration and intensity of CMME exposure; the 

temporal patterns of respiratory cancer mortality, including estimation 

of the induction-latency period, will also be exam·ined. 

Ascertainment of deaths among separated employees will be based on the 

searching service of the Social Security Administration. Those not indicated 

as dead by the Social Security Administration will be traced further for 

vital status ascertainment by utilization of other resources including the 

Internal Revenue Service, Post Offices, State Motor Vehicle Bureaus and 

Union records. Death certificates will be located and obtained, and diagnostic confirmation will be gotten from appropriate physicians, autopsy 

records, and/or hospitals when any form of cancer is listed as a cause. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

91 
UNIVERSITY OF IOWA 

Iowa City, Iowa 

GRANT NUMBER: 5 Rl3 OH00694-03 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

TITLE 

L. W. Knapp, Jr., M.S. 

Director, International Studies Program . Institute of Agricultural Medicine 

and Environmental Health 

University of Iowa 

Oakdale, Iowa 52319 

VII International Congress of Rural Medicine 

SUMMARY 

The .. VII internation-al ·congress of Rural Me_didne was held in Salt Lake City, 

Utah on September 17-21, l978, as sche,dl.il ed. Seventeen. nations wer:e represented 

at the Congress by 135 delegates who presented .80 s.cientific paj:ler.s and reports. '• ' • I ,' • 

The Pl/rpose of this ·was to provide. a· forum and m~·an~-· to accumulate the latest 

worldwide· res·earch and expertise in occupational..health related to agriculture. 

It defined occupational differences in agricultural enterprises, examine rural 

health statistics and . .th~ ... deljvery of heaJth care for farm workers, identify 

types of body in~ults .and the· engineering aspects of design of operator stations, 

personal protective equipment and environmental controls. A co~pendium of. the 

present state of the ar:.:t concerning occupational. safety and heal th, nationally 

and internationally, will be published. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None · 

92 
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK 

UPSTATE MEDICAL CENTER 

Syracuse, New York 

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 

Donald Henderson, Ph.D. 

Professor · Department of Otolaryngology and 

Communication Sciences 

SUNY, Upstate Medical Center 

750 E. Adams St. 

Syracuse, New York 13210 

TITLE 

A Symposium: Effects of Noise on Hearing 

SUMMARY 

GRANT NUMBER: 1 ROl OH00848-0l 

In the summer of 1975 a conference on "The Effects of Noise on Hearing: Critical Issues", was held in Syracuse, New York. The conference, sponsored by NIOSH, was attended by over 150 scientists, clinicians and government officials 

who are involved with problems of noise and its effect on hearing. The direct 

product of the conference was a book summarizing the results of the symposium proceedings. This volume entitled "Effects of Noise on Hearing" and published · by Raven Press has received very positive reviews and it now serves as a valuable reference text for scientists and government officials dealing with noise 

problems. Since the. original symposium, and perhaps because of it, there have 

been a number of relevant research findings that have important implications for audiological diagnoses and ultimately noise standards. Furthermore, progress has been made on demographics of industrial noise induced permanent threshold 

shift (NIPTS), especially in several European countries. 

In light of these findings, a three-day symposium is planned for the summer 

of 1979 to provide a forum for discussing new basic science and demographic data 

which are specifically germane to the issue of noise standards and hearing hazards. Special emphasis is to be given to impulse noise. The proceedings of 

this conference, containing approximately 25 summary papers arra.nged in five 

chapters will be published and made widely available through a commercial pub- lishing firm. The location of the conference is the Cazenovia College Conference 

Center. 

PUBLICATIONS 

None 

93 
RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION GRANTS AWARDED IN FISCAL YEAR 1979 

Institution and Budget FY 1979 

Grant Number Princieal Investigator Period Award 

5 ROl OH 00316-14 University of Florida 01-01-79 $62,869 

Leibman, K. C. 12-31-79 

2 ROl OH 00350-07Al University of Minnesota 04-01-79 24,862 

Ward, W.D. 03-31-80 

5 ROl OH 00360-09 West Virginia University 09-01-79 37,311 

Burrell, R. 08-31-80 

5 ROl OH 00364-08 Upstate Medical Center, SUNY 05-01-79 80,766 

Henderson, D. 04-30-80 

5 ROl OH 00367-09 University of Pittsburgh 06-01-79 46,720 

Alarie, Y.C. 05-31-80 

5 ROl OH 00398-06 St. Louis University 08-01-79 54,350 

Slavin, R.G. 07-31-80 

5 ROl OH 00404-04 University of California, 08-01-79 47,721 

San Diego 07-31-80 

Nahum, A.M. 

5 ROl ·oH 00514-05 University of Illino1s 02-01-79 85,027 

Schultz, ·A.B. 01-31-80 

2 ROl OH 00535-04. Albert Einstein College of 12-01-78 92,290 

Medicine 11-30-79 

Spencer, P.S. 

2 ROl OH 00611-04 American Health Foundation 12-01-78 91,805 

Weisburger, J.H. ll-30-79 

5 ROl OH 00622-03 Stanford University 06-01-79 206,347 

Cohen, E.N. 05-31-80 

5 ROl OH 00631-03 University of Minnesota 08-01-79 111,755 

Hal berg, F. 07-31-80 

94 
RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION GRANTS AWARDED IN FISCAL YEAR 1979 

5 ROl OH 00647-03 John B. Pierce Foundation 09-01-79 $37,091 

S to 1 wi j k, J. A. J. 08-31-80 

5 ROl OH 00653-03 University of Vermont 08-01-79 79,710 

Craighead, J.E. 07-31-80 

5 ROl OH 00679-04 University of Michigan 05-01-79 84,804 

Chaffin, D.B. 04-30-80 

1 ROl OH 00681-0lAl Mount Sinai School of 12-01-78 98,592 

Medicine 11-30-79 

Suzuki, Y. 

5 ROl OH 00682-02 Mount Sinai School of 06-01-79 92,436 

Medicine 05-31-80 

Se l i kof f, I. J. 

5 ROl OH 00690-02 Mount Sinai School of 07-01-79 25,164 

Medicine 06-30-80 

Nicholson, W.J. 

5 Rl3 OH 00694-03 University of Iowa 03-01-79 3,217 

Knapp, L.W., Jr. 02-29-80 

1 ROl OH 00705-01 Henry Ford Hospital 03-01-79 166,459 

Nielsen, D. 02-29-80 

5 ROl OH 00706-02 Harvard University 05-01-79 109,834 

Dews, P. 04-30-80 

5 ROl OH 00707-03 University of Michigan 04-01-79 54,245 

Langolf, G.D. 03-31-80 

5 ROl OH 00714-03 University of California, 07-01-79 70,744 

Ge 11 i n , G . A. 06-30-80 

5 ROl OH 00735-02 University of Maryland 09-01-79 82,395 

Johnson, A.T. 08-31-80 

l ROl OH 00739-0lAl University of Cincinnati 01-01-79 69,056 

Caruso, J.A. 12-31-79 

95 
RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION GRANTS AWARDED IN FISCAL YEAR 1979 

5 ROl OH 00740-02 Temple University 03-01-79 $16,007 

Innes, D. L. 02-28-80 

5 ROl OH 00742-02 American Dental Associatipn 03-01-79 55,039 

Health Foundation 02-29-80 

Verrusio, A.C. 

1 ROl OH 00744-0lAl North Carolina State Univ. 01-01-79 108,899 

Hersh, S. P. 12-31-79 

5 ROl OH 00745-02 University of Vermont 03-01-79 146,210 

Frymoyer, J. 08-31-79 

5 ROl OH 00755-02 University of Cincinnati 05-01-79 36,747 

Ayer, H. E. 04-30-80 

1 ROl OH 00763-01 Tel Aviv University 07-01-79 61 ,912 

Baum, G. 06-30-80 

1 ROl OH 00766-0lAl University of California 09-28-79 58,429 

Goldsmith, W. 08-31-80 

5 ROl OH 00773-02 University of Cincinnati 07-01-79 105,734 

Bernstein, I. L. 06-30-80 

5 ROl OH 00774-02 University of Cincinnati 09-01-79 24,931 

Willeke, K. 08-31-80 

5 ROl OH 00775-02 Stanford University 06-01-79 114,550 

Cohen, E. N. 06-01-80 

l ROl OH 00777-01 Georgia_ Inst. of Technology 01-01-79 61,886 

Komaki, J. 12-31-79 

5 ROl OH 00780-02 Vale University 09-01-79 73,322 

Meigs, J.W. 08-31-80 

5 ROl OH 00781-02 Duke University 09-01-79 62,068 

Karis, J.H. 08-31-80 

l ROl OH 00796-01 University of Cincinnati 03-01-79 53,203 

Burg, W.R. 02-29-80 

5 ROl OH 00798-02 Texas Tech University 01-01-79 83,001 

Ayoub, M.M. 08-31-80 

l ROl OH 00803-01 Johns Hopkins University 12-01-78 28,356 

Matanoski, G.M. 11-30-79 

96 
. RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION GRANTS AWARDED IN FISCAL YEAR 1979 

l ROl OH 00811-01 University of Massachusetts 12-01-78 $26,253 

·Cullinane, T.P. 11-30-79 

l ROl OH 00820-01 SUNY-Buffalo 04-01-79 l l,960 

Drury, C. G. 03-31-80 

l ROl OH 00822-01 Colorado School of Mines 05-01-79 75,815 

Schowengerdt, F.D. 04-30-81 

l ROl OH 00823-01 Duke University 04-01-79 76,305 

Abou-Donia, M.B. 03-31-80 

l ROl OH 00825-01 University of Iowa 06-01-79 75,822 

Donham, K.J. .05-31-80 

l ROl OH 00835-01 Louisiana State U. 04-01-79 31,004 

Swartz, W.J. 03-31-80 

l ROl OH 00836-01 John B. Pierce Foundation 04-01-79 84,482 

Gonzalez, R.R. 03-31-80 

l ROl OH 00838-01 U. of South Carolina 04-01-79 49,396 

Feigley, C.E. 03-31-80 

l Rl3 OH 00848-01 SUNY Syracuse 09-01-79 38,325 

Henderson, D. 08-31-80 

l ROl OH 00849-01 University of Kentucky 04-01-79 83,263 

Ross, I. J. 03-31-80 

l ROl OH 00856-01 Harvard University 07-01-79 111,909 

Fine, L.J. 06-30-80 

l ROl OH 00858-01 Univ. of California 04-01-79 71, 161 

Drinkwater, B.L. 03-31-80 

1 ROl OH 00859-01 Iowa State University 09-28-79 36,135 

Fanslow, G. 08-31-80 

l ROl OH 00860-01 University of Arizona 09-28-79 46,459 

Muramoto, H. 08-31-80 

1 ROl OH 00874-01 Kansas State University 09-28-79 129,126 

Konz, S. 08-31-80 

1 ROl OH 00876-01 Univ. of Minnesota 09-28-79 77 ,614 

Carr, P. 08-31-80 

l ROl OH 00886-01 Univ. of Pennsylvania 07-01-79 192,449 

Shapiro, I. 06-30-80 

97 
RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION GRANTS AWARDED IN FISCAL YEAR 1979 

1 ROl OH 00888-01 Univ. of Vermont 07-01-79 $99,023 

Mossman, B.T. 06-30-80 

1 ROl OH -00889-01 Univ. of California 09-28-79 . 43,049 

Popendrof, W. 08-31-80 

9 ROl OH 00896-06 University of California 05-01-79 69,655 

' Drinkwater, B.L. 04-30-80 

1 ROl OH 00897-01 University of Texas 04-01-79 67,741 

Nechay, B. R. 03-31-80 

1 ROl OH 00906-01 Columbia University 07-01-79 114,588 

Karasek, R.A. 06-30-80 

1 ROl OH 00910-01 Cornell University 09-28-79 82,353 

Barker, R. 08-31-80 

1 ROl OH .00912-01 University of Alabama 06-01-79 73,942 

Hood, R.D. 04-30-80 

9 ROl OH 00913-04 University of Michigan 09-01-79 80 ;900 

Vander, A. 08-31-80 

1 ROl OH 00914-01 City of Hope Med. Center 05-01-79 301,173 

Mittman, C. 04-30-80 

1 ROl OH 00915-01 New York University 04-01-79 110,879 

Pasternack, B.S. 03-31-80 

1 ROl OH 00917-01 Illinois Institute of Tech. 04-01-79 90,193 

Tepas, D.I. 03-31-80 

1 ROl OH 00920-01 The Johns Hopkins Univ. 08-01-79 183,323 

Matanoski , G. 07-31-80 

1 ROl OH 00929-01 University of Pittsburgh 08-01-79 410,260 

Mancuso, T. 07-31-80 

1 ROl OH 00932-01 New York University 06-01-79 55,426 

Pasternack, B. 05-31-80 

1 ROl OH 00953-01 North Carolina State Univ. 09-28-79 95,360 

Hart, F. 08-31-80 

1 ROl OH 00959-01 ·Pennsylvania State Univ. 09-30-79 81,666 

Heinsohn, R. ·08-31-80 

1 ROl OH 00960-01 University of Pennsylvania 09-01-79 125,240 

Houten L. 08-31-80 

98 
RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION GRANTS SUMMARY BY PROGRAM AREA 

NO. OF AMOUNT OF 

NO. OF AMOUNT COMPETING COMPETING 

PROGRAM AREA AWARDS OF AWARDS AWARDS AWARDS 

Skin disease 3 $ 249,800 0 0 

Neurologic disease 4 238,847 2 $168,595 

Respiratory disease 10 l ,015, 140 5 590,702 

Cardiovascular disease* 2 182,329 2 182,329 

Digestive disease* 0 0 0 0 

Reproductive effects 8 555,616 6 386,027 

Control technology 10 627,921 7 483,848 

Asbestos and substitutes 4 310,903 2 181,376 

Behavioral and motivational 3 263,834 2 152,079 

Safety 4 201,373 3 153,652 I.O Musculoskeletal and back 4 399,042 0 0 I.O disorders 

Energy/mining* 1 410,260 l 410,260 

Sidestream smoking* 0 0 0 0 

Other 22 l ,853,048 16 l ,509, 130 

TOTAL** - --- ---- --- -

75 - - - ----$6,308,113 46 $4,217,998 

* Program area new for FY 1979 

** Does not include $91,887 for Chairman's grant for SOH Study Section operation and 

2 supplemental grants. 

RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION GRANTS DISTRIBUTION BY REGION 

• 

REGidN NUMBER OF GRANTS TOTAL AMOUNl 

I 9 $ 767,834 

II 12 894,584 

III 10 1,203,727 

IV 9 673,988 

V 15 1,120,569 

VI 3 181 ,746 

VII 5 298,650 

VIII 1 75,815 

IX 10 1,029,288 

X 0 

FOREIGN 1 61,912 

75 6,308, ll 3 

1 Ol 
RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION GRANTS 

DISTRIBUTION BY STATE 

NUMBER OF NUMBER OF FY 79 AWARDS 

STATE INSTITUTIONS PROJECTS (TOTAL FUNDS) ---

Alabama 1 1 73,942 

Arizona 1 1 46,459 

California 4 9 982,829 

Colorado 1 1 75,815 

Connecticut 2 3 194,895 

Florida 1 1 62,869 

Georgia 1 1 61,886 

Illinois 3 3 230,259 

Iowa 2 3 115,174 

Kansas 1 1 129,126 

Kentucky 1 1 83,263 

Louisiana 1 1 31,004 

Maryland 2 3 294,074 

Massachusetts 2 .3 247,996 

Michigan 2 4 386,408 

Minnesota 1 3 214,231 

Missouri 1 1 54,350 

New York 7 12 894,584 

North Carolina 2 4 342,632 

Ohio 1 5 289,671 

Pennsylvania 4 6 872,342 

South Carolina 1 1 49,396 

Texas 2 2 150,742 

Vermont . · 1 3 324,943 

West Virginia 1 1 37,311 

Foreign 1 1 61,912 

102 
INDEX OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS 

Investigator Abou-Donia, Mohamed B., Ph.D. 

Alarie, Yves C., Ph.D .. Ayer, Howard E .' ....... . Ayoub , M . M . , Ph . D ...... . Barker, Roger L., Ph.D. 

Baum, Gerald, M.D ...... . Bernstein, I. Leonard, M.D .. Burg, William R., Ph.D .. Burrell, Robert, Ph.D. 

Carr, Peter W., Ph.D .. Caruso, Joseph A., Ph.D .. Chaffin, Donald B., Ph.D. 

Cohen, Ellis N., M.D .... Craighead, John E., M.D. 

Cullinane, Thomas, P., Ph.D. 

Dews, Peter B., M.D ..... . Donham, Kelley J., DVM. 

Drinkwater, Barbara L., Ph.D .. Drury, Colin G., Ph.D ....... . Fanslow, Glenn E., Ph.D ...••.•••.••.•••. 

Feigley, Charles. E., Ph.D ..••.•••••••••.•. 

Fine, Lawrence J. Ph.D .•• 

Frymoyer, John, M. D .....•.••••. 

Gellin, Gerald A., M.D .•.•..• 

Goldsmith, Werner, Ph.D •• 

Gonzalez, Richard R., Ph.D ••• 

Halberg, Franz, M.D ...•••• 

Hart, Franklin D., Ph.D •. 

Henderson, Donald, Ph.D •••••.••••••• 

Heinsohn, Robert, Ph.D ••• 

Hersh, Solomon P., Ph.D •.••••.•••• 

Hood, Ronald, Ph.D .............. . Houten, Lorne, Ph.D ..• 

Innes, David L., Ph.D. 

. ..... 

. ........ . . .............. . . ....................... . . ........ . . .............. . Johnson, Arthur T., Ph.D. 

Karasek, Robert A., Ph.D •• . . . . . . . ............. . 

Karis, Joannes H., M.D. 

Knapp, L.W., Jr., M.S. 

Komaki, Judi, Ph.D ... . Konz, Stephan, Ph.D .. . Langolf, Gary 0., Ph.D .. Leibman, Kenneth C., Ph.D .. Mancuso, Thomas, M.D ...... . Matanoski, Genevieve M., M.D. 

Meigs, J. Wister, M.D ........ 

. ............. . 

. . 

l 03 

.. .12 

. ... 26 . . .39 

.66 

• ... 51 

. .. 33 

. . . 6 

.34 

.24 

..83 

.78 

.63 . 17, 29 

. .. 30 

. •.. 41 

.77 

. .35 

. 21 .22 

.. 59 

.81 

.43 

.20 

. .. 64 

. . 5 

.58 

.80 

.52 

.45 

.72.93 . .46 

.38 

.23 

.90 

.11 . .. 37 

.14 

..79 

.92 . ... 54 

.82 

.10 

.68 

.67 . ... 18 ,89 

. ....... 7 
Mittman, 

Mossman, 

Charles, Ph. o· ..... Brooke, T., Ph.D .. Muramoto, Hiroshi Ph.D. 

Nahum,. Alan M., M.D ..... Nechay Bohdan R., D.V.M. 

Nielsen, Donald w •. , Ph.D. 

Nicholson, William J., Ph.D .. Pasternac.k,· Bernard S. Ph.D .. Popendorf, Wm. J., Ph.D .. Ross, Ira J., Ph.D ....... . Schowengerdt, Franklin D., Ph.D .. Schultz, Albert B., Ph.D. 

: Sel ikoff, Irving J., M.D. 

Shapiro, Irving, M.D .... . -' Slavin, Raymond G., M.D ........ . 1Spencer, Peters~, Ph.D. ~ .. Stolwijk, Jan A. J~, Ph~D. ·swartz, W. J., Ph.D. 

Suzuki, Y., M.D ..... T~pas, Donald I., Ph.D. 

V~rider, Arthur, M.D ...• 

Verrusio, A. Carl, Ph.D .. Ward, W. Dix9n, Ph.D ...... ~ .... . 

....... 

. ... 

. ..... i 

• ... 

.......... 36 

..• 50 

. .... . 44 

.56 . .. . ... 13 

.76 ...... 75 

..88 

. ........ • .. 85 I ~.' 6 .... ·. 0 

. .... . 42 

..61 

. . ;48 . ..... . 84 

.28 

. .. 8 

.47 

.19 

.. .32 

. .• 55 

...86 

.. .16 

. .. 70 

·Wei sburger, John . H. , Ph.D . . ...... 7 4 

. ,.::·Willeke, Klaus, Ph.D ............. . .................................. . ........ 40 

,·. 

' 

104 
INDEX OF GRANTEE INSTITUTIONS 

Institution 

Alabama, University of .............. . Albert Einstein College of Medicine .. American Dental Association .. American Health Foundation .. Arizona, University of 

California, University of .. Cincinnati University of ... . City of Hope Medical Center ....... . Colorado School of Mines. 

Columbia University. 

Cornell University .. Duke University ..... Florida, University of .. Georgia Institute of Technology .• 

Harvard University ..... . . ......... . Henry Ford Hospital .... . Illinois, University of 

Illinois Institute of Technology .. Iowa, University of ...... . Iowa State University ..... . John B. Pierce Foundation .... . Johns Hopkins University .. . Kansas State University .. . Kentucky, University of 

Louisiana State University .. Maryland, University of ..... . Massachusetts, University of .•. 

Michigan, University of ... · .. . Minnesota, University of ..... . Mount Sinai School of Medicine. 

New York University ............ . North Carolina State University .. Pennsylvania, University of ... Pennsylvania State University. 

Pittsburgh, University of .. St . . Louis University ..... . Stanford University ......• 

State ·university of New York ... . South Carolina, University of ....... . Tel Aviv University .... . Temple University ..... . Texas Tech University .. Texas, University of ... Vermont, University of. 

West Virginia University .. 

Yale University ............ . 

105 

Page 

. .. .23 

..8 

. 16 .. ... 74 

. .... . 44 

5,21,22,56,58,85 

. ..•. 6 ,34 ,39,40, 78 

. .. 36 

. .. 42 . ..... 14 .. .. 51 . 12, 79 .. ... 68 . .... 54 

.. 20 ,77 

..76 

.61 

.55 

.35,92 

. .... 81 

.47,80 

..18 ,89 

.82 

.60 

. 19 

. 37 . ...... 41 

.10,63,86 

. . 52 ,70,83 

.32,48,75 

. ...... 88 

. . 38 ,45 . . 84 ,90 

..... 46 ~ 26 ,67 

. .... 28 

.. 17 ,29 

. . 59 ,72,93 

. .. 43 . .. 33 

..11 

..66 

.. 13 

.30,50,64 

............. . .... 24 

. ........... 7 

,, U.S. GOVERN MENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1980-657-IH/5855 
DEPARTMENT OF HEAL TH AND HUMAN SERVICES 

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CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL 

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