Joinder Agreement dated as of January 1, 2005



 Exhibit 10.11 
 JOINDER AGREEMENT 
 JOINDER AGREEMENT dated as of January 1, 2005 (this
“Agreement”), between SPTC Delaware, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Licensor”), Sotheby’s Holdings, Inc., a Michigan Corporation (“Holdings”), and Sotheby’s, an unlimited
company registered in England (“Sotheby’s (UK)”), on the one hand, and Cendant Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“Parent”) and Sotheby’s International Realty Licensee Corporation, a Delaware corporation
(“Licensee”), on the other hand. Capitalized terms used in this Agreement but not defined herein shall have the meanings assigned to such terms in the License Agreement (as defined below). 
 WITNESSETH: 
 WHEREAS, Holdings and Licensor (as
assignee of SPTC, Inc.), on the one hand, and Parent and Licensee, on the other hand, are parties to a License Agreement dated as of February 17, 2004 (the “License Agreement”); 
 WHEREAS, on December 15, 2004, pursuant to the letter set forth as Exhibit 1 hereto (the “Option Exercise Letter”),
Licensee notified Licensor of Licensee’s desire to exercise its rights, pursuant to the terms and subject to the conditions of Article XVIII of the License Agreement, to license the Licensed Marks for use in the countries listed on
Schedule A to the Option Exercise Letter (the “Option Countries”) solely for the offer and sale of Authorized Services in the Option Countries on the terms provided in the License Agreement; 
 WHEREAS, on or about July 15, 2004, the international registrations of the SIR Mark with respect to the Option Countries in which the SIR Mark has
been registered (the “Option Country Registrations”) were owned by Sotheby’s International Realty GmbH (“SIR GmbH”), and all of SIR GmbH’s right, title, and interest in and to the SIR Mark and the Option
Country Registrations, along with the goodwill of the business symbolized by the SIR Mark and Option Country Registrations, was transferred and assigned by SIR GmbH to Sotheby’s (UK); and 
 WHEREAS, as more fully set forth in this Agreement, the parties desire to grant the license in the Option Countries as contemplated by Section 18.6
of the License Agreement and to satisfy the parties’ obligations under Section 18.3(e) of the License Agreement. 
 In
consideration of the respective representations, warranties and covenants set forth herein and in the License Agreement and for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto, intending
to be legally bound, agree as follows: 
 I. Addition of Option Countries and Amendment of Schedule C: 
 The Option Countries are hereby added to the Territory, and Schedule C of the License Agreement is hereby amended to add the names of all such Option
Countries. 







 II. Application of the terms of use of the License Agreement 
 The parties acknowledge and agree that the terms and conditions of the License Agreement with respect to Licensee’s use of the Licensed Marks,
including the terms and conditions with respect to the quality control matters, shall apply to Licensee’s use of the Licensed Marks in the Option Countries. For the avoidance of doubt, the parties acknowledge that the foregoing shall not be
deemed to amend, modify or affect those terms and conditions of the License Agreement that expressly do not apply to the Option Countries. 
 III.
Agreement of Sotheby’s (UK) to be bound; Eligible SPV 
 Sotheby’s (UK) hereby agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of
the License Agreement as a Licensor with respect to the Option Countries. In accordance with the provisions of the License Agreement, subject to clauses (i) through (iv) of Section 18.3(e) thereof, Holdings and Sotheby’s (UK)
hereby agree to establish an Eligible SPV in accordance with Section 18.3 of the License Agreement, cause such Eligible SPV to be the holder of the Option Country Registrations or to file a registration or registrations for the Licensed Marks
in the Option Countries pursuant to the terms and subject to the conditions of the License Agreement, and upon a transfer of the Option Country Registrations or the grant of a registration or registrations for the Option Countries, cause such
Eligible SPV to be bound by the terms and conditions of the License Agreement as Licensor, whereupon Sotheby’s (UK) shall no longer be deemed a party to the License Agreement as Licensor with respect to the Option Countries. 
 IV. Representations and Warranties 
  

	 	(a)	Holdings, Licensor and Sotheby’s (UK) jointly and severally represent and warrant to Parent and Licensee as follows as of the date of this Agreement: 


 

	 	(i)	 Authority, Validity. Each of Holdings, Licensor and Sotheby’s (UK) is a corporation (or in the case of Licensor, a limited liability company) validly
existing and in good standing under the laws of its state or jurisdiction of organization. Each of Holdings, Licensor and Sotheby’s (UK) has the power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and to consummate the transactions
contemplated hereunder. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by Holdings, Licensor and Sotheby’s (UK) and the consummation by Holdings, Licensor and Sotheby’s (UK) of the transactions contemplated hereunder, have been
or will be duly and validly authorized by Holdings, Licensor and Sotheby’s (UK), and no other corporate or limited liability company proceedings on the part of Holdings, Licensor and Sotheby’s (UK) are necessary to authorize this Agreement
or for the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereunder. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by Holdings, Licensor and Sotheby’s (UK), and, assuming due execution and delivery by Parent and 



  

 2 








 
Licensee, constitutes a valid and binding obligation of Holdings, Licensor and Sotheby’s (UK) enforceable against each in accordance with its terms,
except as may be limited by any bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, fraudulent conveyance or similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally or by general principles of equity (regardless of whether such
enforceability is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law). 
  

	 	(ii)	Licensed Marks in the Option Countries. Sotheby’s (UK) is the sole and exclusive owner of the Option Country Registrations. To the knowledge of Holdings, Licensor and
Sotheby’s (UK), the use of the SIR Mark by Licensee for the offer and sale of Authorized Brokerage Services with respect to the Option Countries will not infringe on the intellectual property rights of any third party. The Option Country
Registrations are the sole registrations as of the date hereof of the Licensed Marks with respect to the Option Countries and to the knowledge of Holdings, Licensor and Sotheby’s (UK), such registrations are valid and subsisting and in full
force and effect as of the date hereof. There is no material Litigation pending or, to the knowledge of Licensor and Sotheby’s (UK), threatened, and neither Licensor nor Sotheby’s (UK) has received or sent any written notice of a claim or
suit, (x) alleging that the SIR Mark infringes upon or otherwise violates any intellectual property rights of any third party in the Option Countries or (y) challenging the ownership, use, validity or enforceability of, or application or
registration for, the SIR Mark with respect to the Option Countries. Sotheby’s (UK) has the full power to license the SIR Mark in the Option Countries for use in connection with the Authorized Brokerage Services pursuant to the terms and
conditions of the License Agreement. 

  

	 	(iii)	No Conflict; Government Consents. 

  

	 	(1)	 Neither the execution, delivery or performance by Holdings, Licensor or Sotheby’s (UK) of this Agreement nor the consummation of the transactions contemplated
hereby and compliance by Holdings, Licensor and Sotheby’s (UK) with any of the provisions hereof or of the License Agreement with respect to the licensing of the Licensed Marks in the Option Countries will (x) violate any provision of any
Organizational Document of Holdings, Licensor or Sotheby’s (UK); (y) require any consent, approval or notice under, violate or result in the violation of, conflict with or result in a breach of any provisions of, constitute a default (or
an event which, with notice or lapse of time or both, could reasonably be expected to constitute a default) under, 



  

 3 








 
result in the termination of, result in a right of termination of, any material contractual obligation of Holdings, Licensor or Sotheby’s (UK) (other
than such consents as have already been obtained); or (z) violate any material Law of the United States applicable to Holdings or Licensor. 
  

	 	(2)	No material consent, order or authorization of, or registration, declaration or filing with, any Governmental Authority is required to be obtained or made by Licensor in connection
with the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby that has not been obtained or made. 

  

	 	(b)	Parent and Licensee jointly and severally represent and warrant to Holdings, Licensor and Sotheby’s (UK) as follows as of the date of this Agreement: 


 

	 	(i)	Authority, Validity. Each of Parent and Licensee is a corporation validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the state of its incorporation. Each of Parent and
Licensee has the corporate power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereunder. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by Parent and Licensee and the consummation by
Parent and Licensee of the transactions contemplated hereunder, have been duly and validly authorized by Parent and Licensee, and no other corporate proceedings on the part of Parent or Licensee are necessary to authorize this Agreement or for the
consummation of the transactions contemplated hereunder. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by Parent and Licensee, and, assuming due execution and delivery by Holdings, Licensor and Sotheby’s (UK), constitutes a valid and
binding obligation of Parent and Licensee enforceable against Parent and Licensee in accordance with its terms, except as may be limited by any bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, fraudulent conveyance or similar laws affecting the
enforcement of creditors’ rights generally or by general principles of equity (regardless of whether such enforceability is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law). 

  

	 	(ii)	No Conflict; Government Consents. 

  

	 	(1)	 Neither the execution, delivery or performance by Parent or Licensee of this Agreement nor the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and compliance
by Parent and Licensee with any of the provisions hereof or of the 



  

 4 








 
License Agreement with respect to the licensing of the Licensed Marks in the Option Countries will (x) violate any provision of any Organizational
Document of Parent or Licensee; (y) require any consent, approval or notice under, violate or result in the violation of, conflict with or result in a breach of any provisions of, constitute a default (or an event which, with notice or lapse of
time or both, could reasonably be expected to constitute a default) under, result in the termination of, result in a right of termination of, any material contractual obligation of Parent or Licensee (other than such consents as have already been
obtained); or (z) violate any material Law of the United States applicable to Parent or Licensee. 
  

	 	(2)	No material consent, order or authorization of, or registration, declaration or filing with, any Governmental Authority is required to be obtained or made by Parent or Licensee in
connection with the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby that has not been obtained or made. 

  

	 	(c)	The representations and warranties contained in this Section IV shall survive for a period of two years beginning on the date of this Agreement. Breaches of such representations and
warranties shall be indemnifiable by the parties consistent with the terms of Sections 13.1 and 13.2 of the License Agreement (it being understood that any breach of such representations shall be deemed a breach of the License Agreement for purposes
of Sections 13.1(i) and 13.2(i) of the License Agreement), subject to the limitation provisions of Section 13.3 of the License Agreement (it being understood that indemnifiable Damages suffered by the parties for purposes of such
Section 13.3 shall include any Damages suffered in connection with a breach of the representations and warranties contained herein). The procedures set forth in Section 13.5 of the License Agreement shall apply to any indemnification claim
asserted by the parties in connection herewith. 

 V. Covered Revenue 
 The parties acknowledge and agree that Fees shall be payable with respect to Covered Revenue Earned by the Licensee Group from the performance of
Authorized Brokerage Services in the Option Countries pursuant to the terms and subject to the conditions contained in Article V of the License Agreement. 
  

 5 








 VI. Miscellaneous 
 (a) Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Venue; Service of Process; Waiver of Jury Trial. THIS AGREEMENT HAS BEEN NEGOTIATED, EXECUTED AND DELIVERED IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK AND SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN
ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, WITHOUT REGARD TO ANY PRINCIPLES OR RULES OF CONFLICTS OF LAW THAT WOULD CAUSE THE APPLICATION OF ANOTHER LAW. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY AGREES THAT ANY LEGAL ACTION OR PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF
OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY MUST BE BROUGHT IN THE COURTS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK LOCATED IN NEW YORK CITY OR OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK AND HEREBY EXPRESSLY
SUBMITS TO THE PERSONAL JURISDICTION AND VENUE OF SUCH COURTS FOR THE PURPOSES THEREOF AND EXPRESSLY WAIVES ANY CLAIM OF IMPROPER VENUE AND ANY CLAIM THAT SUCH COURTS ARE AN INCONVENIENT FORUM. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY CONSENTS TO THE SERVICE
OF PROCESS OF ANY OF THE AFOREMENTIONED COURTS BY NOTICE IN THE MANNER SPECIFIED IN SECTION 20.2 OF THE LICENSE AGREEMENT. EACH PARTY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, ANY RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY SUCH ACTION OR
PROCEEDING. 
 (b) Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an
original, and all of which, when taken together, shall constitute one and the same agreement. 
 (c) Headings. The headings herein are
for convenience purposes only, do not constitute a part of this Agreement, and shall not be deemed to limit or affect any of the provisions of this Agreement. 
 (d) Amendment; Waiver. Any provision of this Agreement may be amended, supplemented, modified or waived if, and only if, such amendment, supplement, modification or waiver is in writing and signed, in the case
of an amendment, supplement or modification, by Licensee and Licensor or, in the case of a waiver, by the party against whom the waiver is to be effective. No failure or delay by any party in exercising any right, power or privilege hereunder shall
operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise thereof preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege. 
 (e) License Agreement. This Agreement shall operate as a supplement, amendment and addendum to the License Agreement. Except as expressly provided
herein, the License Agreement (including Sections 10.1 and 18.3(b) thereof) is not amended, modified or affected by this Agreement, and the License Agreement and the rights and obligations of the parties hereto thereunder are hereby ratified and
confirmed by the parties hereto in all respects. 
  

 6 








 (f) Expenses. Except as otherwise provided in the License Agreement, the parties shall bear their
own fees and expenses incident to this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby. 
 [REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK]

  

 7 








 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed as of the date
first above written. 
  

			
	SPTC DELAWARE, LLC
		
	By:	 	 /s/    William S. Sheridan

	Name:	 	William S. Sheridan
	Title:	 	Vice President and Treasurer
	
	SOTHEBY’S HOLDINGS, INC.
		
	By:	 	 /s/    William S. Sheridan

	Name:	 	William S Sheridan
	Title:	 	Executive Vice President and
		 	Chief Financial Officer
	
	SOTHEBY’S
		
	By:	 	 /s/    Thomas Christopherson

	Name:	 	Thomas Christopherson
	Title:	 	Senior Director and
		 	European General Counsel
	
	CENDANT CORPORATION
		
	By:	 	 /s/    Steve Tanner

	Name:	 	Steve Tanner
	Title:	 	Vice President
	
	SOTHEBY’S INTERNATIONAL REALTY LICENSEE CORPORATION
		
	By:	 	 /s/    Kim Vukanovich

	Name:	 	Kim Vukanovich
	Title:	 	Vice President


  

 8 








 EXHIBIT 1 
 December 15, 2004 
 Don Pillsbury, Esq. 
 SPTC, Inc. 
 c/o Sotheby’s Holdings, Inc. 
 1334
York Avenue 
 New York, New York 10021 
 RE:  License
Agreement – Partial Exercise of Option 
 Dear Don: 
 Reference is made to that certain Trademark License Agreement of February 17, 2004 among SPTC Delaware, LLC (as assignee of SPTC, Inc.) (“Licensor”), Sotheby’s Holdings, Inc., Sotheby’s International Licensee
Corporation (f/k/a Monticello Licensee Corporation and referred to herein as “Licensee”) and Cendant Corporation (the “License Agreement”). Capitalized terms used herein and not defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed to
such terms in the License Agreement. 
 Licensee hereby exercises the Option described in Section 18.1 of the License Agreement at this time for the 236
countries/territories on the List of Option Countries attached hereto as Schedule A (the “Option Countries”). Licensee wishes to exercise the Option (i) to expand the Option Territory covered by the license to the Option
Countries (as described under clause (i) of Section 18.1) and (ii) subject to the third paragraph of this letter, to acquire all existing broker affiliate agreements for the Option Countries (the “Affiliation Agreements”)
(as described under clause (ii) of Section 18.1). By virtue of the exercise of the Option hereunder, Licensee does not wish to complete a Foreign Operations Sale with respect to any owned brokerage operations of Licensor and its affiliates
in the Option Countries. 
 Licensee’s desire to acquire, and the consummation of the transfer to Licensee and its affiliates of, the Affiliation
Agreements is conditioned on the following (in addition to any other conditions or other requirements set forth in the License Agreement, including the effectiveness of the license and the execution of applicable documentation: (1) the
agreement of Sotheby’s Holdings, Inc. and its affiliates to provide to Licensee and its affiliates, and any subsequent assignee of the Affiliation Agreements (including as described in clause (2)) and its affiliates, certain rights with
respect to access to marketing materials and records in connection with the Affiliation Agreements reasonably necessary for Licensee and its affiliates, or any subsequent assignee and its affiliates, to fully perform the obligations heretofore
performed by Sotheby’s Holdings, Inc. and its affiliates 
  

 9 








 under the Affiliation Agreements, and (2) the substantially simultaneous transfer of all rights and obligations
under the Affiliation Agreements from Licensee and its affiliates to, and the assumption of liabilities thereunder by, a third party assignee selected in Licensee’s sole discretion. 
 We would like to formalize the effectiveness of the license and consummation of the transfer of the Affiliation Agreements promptly (pursuant to Sections 18.3(e) and (f) of the License Agreement). Following
execution of such documentation, pursuant to the terms of the License Agreement, we would ask that the registrations for the Licensed Marks for the Option Countries be transferred to an Eligible SPV. 
 With respect to the obligation of Licensor under Subsection 18.3 (d) of the License Agreement to file (at Licensee’s expense) trademark applications in each of
the selected Option Countries, we request that you initiate such trademark applications at this time only for those 57 countries highlighted in bold and asterisked on Schedule A. We will notify you in writing at such time
as we would like applications filed regarding the other countries for which we have exercised our Option. 
 In connection with Cendant’s exercise of
the Option and as required by subsection 18.3(a) of the License Agreement, I have enclosed herewith a check in the amount of $236.00. 
 Please feel free to
call me at 973-496-5380 if you have any questions about the foregoing. 
 Sincerely, 

	
	
	/s/ C. Patterson Cardwell, IV

 C. Patterson Cardwell, IV 
 Senior Vice President 
 Real Estate Legal Department 
 Enclosure 
  

	cc:	Bill Sheridan (via fax: 212-606-7574 and overnight courier: Sotheby’s 

 Holdings, Inc., 1334 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021) 
 Drew Napurano 
 Javier Parraga 
 Mitch Lewis 
  

	bcc:	Steve Tanner 

 Fran Santangelo 
 Jeff Fox (via fax: 917-777-2537) 
  

 10 








 SCHEDULE A 
 List of Option Countries 
  

	1.	Afghanistan 


	2.	Albania 


	3.	Algeria 


	4.	American Samoa 


	5.	Andorra 


	6.	Angola 


	7.	Anguilla* 


	8.	Antarctica 


	9.	Antigua and Barbuda* 


	10.	Argentina 


	11.	Armenia 


	12.	Aruba* 


	13.	Austria 


	14.	Azerbaijan 


	15.	Bahrain* 


	16.	Baker Island 


	17.	Bangladesh 


	18.	Belarus 


	19.	Belgium 


	20.	Belize* 


	21.	Benin 


	22.	Bermuda* 


	23.	Bhutan 


	24.	Bolivia* 


	25.	Bosnia and Herzegovina 


	26.	Botswana 


	27.	Bouvet Island 


	28.	Brazil 


	29.	British Indian Ocean Territory 


	30.	British Virgin Islands* 


	31.	Brunei* 


	32.	Bulgaria* 


	33.	Burkina Faso 


	34.	Burundi 


	35.	Cambodia 


	36.	Cameroon 


	37.	Cape Verde 


	38.	Cayman Islands* 


	39.	Central African Republic 


	40.	Chad 


	41.	Chile* 


	42.	China* 

  

 A-1 









	43.	Christmas Island 


	44.	Cocos (Keeling) Islands 


	45.	Colombia* 


	46.	Comoros 


	47.	Congo, Democratic Republic of the/formerly Zaire 


	48.	Congo, Republic of the 


	49.	Cook Islands 


	50.	Costa Rica* 


	51.	Cote d’Ivoire 


	52.	Croatia 


	53.	Cuba* 


	54.	Cyprus 


	55.	Czech Republic 


	56.	Denmark 


	57.	Djibouti 


	58.	Dominica 


	59.	Dominican Republic* 


	60.	East Timor 


	61.	Ecuador* 


	62.	Egypt* 


	63.	El Salvador* 


	64.	Equatorial Guinea 


	65.	Eritrea 


	66.	Estonia 


	67.	Ethiopia 


	68.	Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 


	69.	Faroe Islands 


	70.	Fiji* 


	71.	Finland 


	72.	French Guiana* 


	73.	French Polynesia (includes Clipperton Island) 


	74.	Gabon 


	75.	Gambia, The 


	76.	Gaza Strip 


	77.	Georgia 


	78.	Ghana 


	79.	Gibraltar 


	80.	Greece 


	81.	Greenland 


	82.	Grenada* 


	83.	Guadeloupe* 


	84.	Guam* 


	85.	Guatemala* 


	86.	Guinea 


	87.	Guinea-Bissau 


	88.	Guyana 

  

 A-2 









	89.	Haiti* 


	90.	Heard Island and McDonald Islands 


	91.	Holy See (Vatican City) 


	92.	Honduras* 


	93.	Hong Kong 


	94.	Howland Island 


	95.	Hungary 


	96.	Iceland 


	97.	India* 


	98.	Indonesia 


	99.	Iran 


	100.	Iraq 


	101.	Ireland 


	102.	Italy 


	103.	Jamaica* 


	104.	Japan* 


	105.	Jarvis Island 


	106.	Johnston Atoll 


	107.	Jordan* 


	108.	Kazakhstan 


	109.	Kenya 


	110.	Kingman Reef 


	111.	Kiribati 


	112.	Korea, North 


	113.	Korea, South 


	114.	Kuwait* 


	115.	Kyrgyzstan 


	116.	Laos 


	117.	Latvia 


	118.	Lebanon* 


	119.	Lesotho 


	120.	Liberia 


	121.	Libya 


	122.	Liechtenstein 


	123.	Lithuania 


	124.	Luxembourg 


	125.	Macau* 


	126.	Macedonia, The Republic of 


	127.	Madagascar 


	128.	Malawi 


	129.	Malaysia 


	130.	Maldives 


	131.	Mali 


	132.	Malta 


	133.	Marshall Islands 


	134.	Martinique* 

  

 A-3 









	135.	Mauritania 


	136.	Mauritius 


	137.	Mayotte 


	138.	Micronesia, Federated States of 


	139.	Midway Islands 


	140.	Miscellaneous (French) Indian Ocean Islands (includes Bassas da India, Europe Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, Tromelin Island) 


	141.	Moldova 


	142.	Mongolia 


	143.	Montserrat* 


	144.	Morocco* 


	145.	Mozambique 


	146.	Myanmar (formerly Burma)* 


	147.	Namibia 


	148.	Nauru 


	149.	Navassa Island 


	150.	Nepal 


	151.	Netherlands 


	152.	Netherlands Antilles* 


	153.	New Caledonia 


	154.	Nicaragua* 


	155.	Niger 


	156.	Nigeria 


	157.	Niue 


	158.	Norfolk Island 


	159.	Northern Mariana Islands 


	160.	Norway 


	161.	Oman 


	162.	Pakistan 


	163.	Palau 


	164.	Palmyra Atoll 


	165.	Panama* 


	166.	Papua New Guinea* 


	167.	Paracel Islands 


	168.	Paraguay 


	169.	Peru* 


	170.	Philippines 


	171.	Pitcairn Islands 


	172.	Poland 


	173.	Portugal 


	174.	Puerto Rico* 


	175.	Qatar* 


	176.	Reunion 


	177.	Romania* 


	178.	Russia* 


	179.	Rwanda 

  

 A-4 









	180.	Saint Helena 


	181.	Saint Kitts and Nevis* 


	182.	Saint Lucia* 


	183.	Saint Pierre and Miquelon 


	184.	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines* 


	185.	Samoa 


	186.	San Marino 


	187.	Sao Tome and Principe 


	188.	Saudi Arabia* 


	189.	Senegal 


	190.	Serbia and Montenegro 


	191.	Seychelles 


	192.	Sierra Leone 


	193.	Singapore 


	194.	Slovakia 


	195.	Slovenia 


	196.	Solomon Islands 


	197.	Somalia 


	198.	South Africa 


	199.	South Georgia and the Islands 


	200.	Spain 


	201.	Spratly Islands 


	202.	Sri Lanka 


	203.	Sudan 


	204.	Suriname 


	205.	Svalbard (includes Jan Mayen) 


	206.	Swaziland 


	207.	Sweden 


	208.	Switzerland 


	209.	Syria 


	210.	Taiwan* 


	211.	Tajikistan 


	212.	Tanzania 


	213.	Thailand 


	214.	Togo 


	215.	Tokelau 


	216.	Tonga 


	217.	Trinidad and Tobago* 


	218.	Tunisia 


	219.	Turkey* 


	220.	Turkmenistan 


	221.	Tuvalu 


	222.	Uganda 


	223.	Ukraine 


	224.	United Arab Emirates* 


	225.	Uruguay* 

  

 A-5 









	226.	Uzbekistan 


	227.	Vanuatu 


	228.	Venezuela 


	229.	Vietnam 


	230.	Wake Island 


	231.	Wallis and Futuna 


	232.	West Bank 


	233.	Western Sahara 


	234.	Yemen 


	235.	Zambia 


	236.	Zimbabwe 

 Source: Central Intelligence Agency - The World Factbook 2003

  

 A-6