UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK

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LISA-ATHENA S. ABU HANTASH, in her : MEMORANDUM DECISION 

individual capacity and as mother and natural : AND ORDER

guardian of JORDAN-ANNETTE JAZZMIN :

RICHARDSON, a minor, and JORDAN : 07 Civ. 3363 (GBD)

RICHARDSON, INC., a Virginia Corporation, :

:

Plaintiffs, :

: 

- against - : 

:

V MODEL MANAGEMENT NEW YORK, INC., :

and VNY MODEL MANAGEMENT, LLC, :

:

Defendants. :

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GEORGE B. DANIELS, District Judge:

Plaintiffs filed this action seeking a declaration, pursuant to the Federal Declaratory Act,

28 U.S.C. § 2201 et seq., that two management agreements between plaintiff Jordan Richardson,

a minor, and defendants are no longer enforceable. About a month later, before the benefit of

any discovery, plaintiffs moved for summary judgment. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 56. 

Summary judgment is appropriate “if the pleadings, depositions, answers to

interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no

genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a

matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c); June v. Town of Westfield, New York, 370 F.3d 255, 257

(2d Cir. 2004). 

Here, it is undisputed that plaintiff Jordan Richardson is a seventeen-year-old minor. 

Both parties also agree that the first of the two management agreements—the 2005

agreement—is no longer valid and enforceable because it was superceded by the second

agreement—the 2006 agreement. Finally, while there are disputed issues of fact concerning

Case 1:07-cv-03363-GBD Document 37 Filed 08/07/2007 Page 1 of 3
Defendants rely solely on Shields in opposing summary judgment, arguing that it stands 1

for the broad proposition that an infant cannot disaffirm a modeling contract entered into by that

infant’s parent or legal guardian. The holding in that case is much more circumscribed, however. 

The sole issue was whether an infant could repudiate a parent’s executed consent to use the

infant’s pictures in advertising, pursuant to section 51 of the Civil Rights Law. Shields, 448 N.E.

at 110. In holding that the infant could not, the court recognized the general common-law rule

that infants could disaffirm their contracts. Id. at 110-11 (“Concededly, at common law an infant

could disaffirm his written consent, or for that matter, a consent executed by another on his or her

behalf.”). The court also recognized, however, that the “Legislature may abrogate an infant’s

common-law right to disaffirm,” and that the New York Legislature did just that in enacting

section 51. Id. at 111. Therefore, the court held, the infant plaintiff could not disaffirm the

consent executed on her behalf by her parent pursuant to section 51. Id. at 109. In no way can

this limited holding be read to stand for the broad proposition that defendants are espousing here:

2

whether the 2006 management agreement was validly executed, it is beyond dispute that, even if

it was enforceable, Jordan Richardson has now repudiated both management agreements. On

these facts, plaintiffs are entitled to a judgment as a matter of law. 

First, because both parties agree that the term of the 2005 management agreement has

expired and is null and void, that agreement is no longer enforceable against Richardson. In

addition, it is well-settled that “an infant’s contract is voidable and the infant has an absolute

right to disaffirm.” Scott Eden Mgmt. v. Kavovit, 563 N.Y.S.2d 1001, 1002 (N.Y. Sup. Ct.

Westchester Co. 1990) (citations omitted); see also Joseph v. Shatzkin, 181 N.E. 464, 465 (N.Y.

1932) (finding that the contract between the defendants and their infant customer was voidable);

CBS, Inc. (CBS Records Div.) v. Tucker, 412 F.Supp. 1222, 1226 (S.D.N.Y. 1976) (stating that

under New York law, “the right of the infant to disaffirm [a] contract is virtually certain”)

(citations omitted); Shields v. Gross, 448 N.E.2d 108, 112 (N.Y. 1983) (JASEN, J., dissenting)

(noting that “it has long been the rule in this State [New York] that a minor enjoys an almost

absolute right to disaffirm a contract entered into either by the minor or by the minor’s parent on

behalf of the minor”) (collecting cases). Accordingly, the minor Jordan Richardson’s 1

Case 1:07-cv-03363-GBD Document 37 Filed 08/07/2007 Page 2 of 3