NUMBERS 13-11-00570-CV & 13-11-00715-CV

COURT OF APPEALS

THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG 

PAUL BLACK, ET AL., Appellants,

v.

TOBY SHOR AND SEASHORE

INVESTMENTS MANAGEMENT TRUST, Appellees.

On appeal from the County Court at Law No. 3

of Nueces County, Texas.

OPINION

Before Justices Garza, Benavides and Perkes 

Opinion by Justice Benavides

Appellants, Paul Black, PBF Investments, Ltd., BNP Holdings, Ltd., BNP 

Commercial Properties, Ltd., BNP Management LLC, and TSE Equities I LLC, 

challenge three post-judgment turnover orders issued in favor of appellees, Toby Shor 
2

and Seashore Investments Management Trust (“Seashore”). We vacate in part and 

reverse and remand, in part, for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

I. BACKGROUND

Appellees were the prevailing parties in an arbitration proceeding and received 

an arbitration award in excess of $30 million in their favor. On April 6, 2011, the trial 

court confirmed the arbitration award and entered a judgment against appellants. 

Appellants appealed this judgment in our cause number 13-11-00413-CV.1 Following 

the entry of judgment, the trial court entered a series of three turnover orders on August 

11, 2011, October 12, 2011, and November 4, 2011. These three turnover orders are at 

issue in these consolidated appeals.

2

 Appellants seek to set aside the turnover orders 

by eight issues as discussed herein.3

 

1

By separate opinion issued this same date, the Court affirmed the judgment confirming the 

arbitration award. See Black v. Shor, No. 13-11-00413-CV, 2013 Tex. App. LEXIS __ (Tex. App.—

Corpus Christi Apr. 18, 2013, no pet. h.).

2

As will be discussed more fully herein, appellants’ appeal of the August 11, 2011 turnover order 

was docketed in appellate cause number 13-11-00570-CV. Appellants’ subsequent appeal of the 

October 12, 2011 turnover order was separately docketed in appellate cause number 13-11-00715-CV. 

Appellants filed an “Opposed Second Motion to Review Further Orders” regarding their appeal of the 

turnover order issued on November 4, 2011. By order previously issued, the Court consolidated these 

two appeals and conditionally granted review of the November 4, 2011 turnover order in the consolidated 

appeals.

3

Black filed a post-submission brief in this case on March 19, 2013, almost six weeks after oral 

argument in this cause. Appellees have filed a motion to strike the post-submission brief, or, in the 

alternative only, grant them leave to file a responsive brief. Black filed a response to the motion to strike 

his post-submission brief. Appellees contend that the post-submission brief should be struck because: 

Black did not seek leave of Court to file the brief; it is a “blatant attempt to re-argue the entire case;” it is 

untimely; it includes materials outside the appellate record; and it raises arguments and cites authorities 

that were not contained in appellants’ original briefing. We may permit a party to amend or supplement a 

brief "whenever justice requires." TEX. R. APP. P. 38.7; see also Standard Fruit & Vegetable Co., Inc. v. 

Johnson, 985 S.W.2d 62, 65 (Tex. 1998) (appellate court has discretion whether to allow filing of 

amended or supplemental brief in interest of justice). However, new or additional issues raised in a reply 

brief or post-submission brief are untimely and will not be considered absent express permission from the 

appellate court allowing the new or additional issues. See Garrett v. State, 220 S.W.3d 926, 928–29 

(Tex. Crim. App. 2007); Collin Cnty. v. Hixon Family P'ship, Ltd., 365 S.W.3d 860, 877 (Tex. App.—Dallas 

2012, pet. denied); Rogers v. City of Fort Worth, 89 S.W.3d 265, 284 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2002, no 

pet.); Haynes v. McIntosh, 776 S.W.2d 784, 788 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 1989, writ denied). 

Moreover, we do not consider attachments to briefs that were not part of the trial court record and are not 
3

II. APPLICABLE LAW AND STANDARD OF REVIEW

A “turnover” order is a statutory procedural device through which judgment 

creditors may reach assets of a judgment debtor that are otherwise difficult to attach or 

levy by ordinary legal process. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 31.002 (West 

2008); Beaumont Bank, N.A. v. Buller, 806 S.W.2d 223, 224 (Tex. 1991); Moyer v. 

Moyer, 183 S.W.3d 48, 52 (Tex. App.—Austin 2005, no pet). Under the statute, a 

judgment creditor can apply to a court for an injunction or other means to satisfy a 

judgment through a judgment debtor’s property, including present or future property 

rights. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 31.002(a). The turnover statute is 

purely procedural; its purpose is to ascertain whether an asset is either in the judgment 

debtor’s possession or subject to its control. Republic Ins. Co. v. Millard, 825 S.W.2d 

780, 783 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1992, orig. proceeding). 

To obtain relief under the turnover statute, a judgment creditor must prove: (1) 

the judgment debtor owns property, including present or future rights to property; (2) the 

property is not exempt from attachment, execution, or seizure; and (3) the property 

“cannot readily be attached or levied on or by ordinary legal process.” TEX. CIV. PRAC. &

REM. CODE ANN. § 31.002; see Europa Int’l, Ltd. v. Direct Access Trader Corp., 315 

S.W.3d 654, 656 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2010, no pet.). A turnover order is proper if the 

 

formally included in the appellate record. Guajardo v. Conwell, 46 S.W.3d 862, 864 (Tex. 2001); In re 

Guardianship of Winn, 372 S.W.3d 291, 297 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2012, no pet.); Paselk v. Rabun, 293 

S.W.3d 600, 612 n.12 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2009, pet. denied); WorldPeace v. Comm'n for Lawyer 

Discipline, 183 S.W.3d 451, 465 n.23 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2005, pet. denied). After due 

consideration of the foregoing law and the length of time that this appeal has been pending, we allow the 

filing of Black’s post-submission brief, but limit our consideration of that brief to those issues previously 

raised in the original briefs and the documents properly presented in the appellate record. Thus, 

appellees’ motion to strike is granted in part, and denied in part. The motion is GRANTED insofar as our 

consideration of the post-submission brief is circumscribed as described herein and DENIED as to all 

other relief sought. 
4

conditions of the statute are met. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 31.002; 

Tanner v. McCarthy, 274 S.W.3d 311, 322 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2008, no 

pet.). Upon finding that the elements of section 31.002(a) are satisfied, a trial court has 

discretion to issue a range of remedies, including ordering the judgment debtor to turn 

over nonexempt property that is in the debtor’s possession, or is subject to the debtor’s 

control, to a designated sheriff or constable for execution, and “appointing a receiver 

with the authority to take possession of the nonexempt property, sell it, and pay the 

proceeds to the judgment creditor to the extent required to satisfy the judgment.” TEX.

CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 31.002(b). The turnover order itself need not specify the 

property subject to turnover. Id. § 31.002(h); Tanner, 274 S.W.3d at 322. 

We review orders under the turnover statute, section 31.002 of the civil practice 

and remedies code, for an abuse of discretion and will reverse the trial court only if we 

determine that it acted in an unreasonable or arbitrary manner or without reference to 

any guiding rules and principles. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 31.002; 

Beaumont Bank, N.A., 806 S.W.2d at 226 (Tex. 1991); Europa Int’l, Ltd., 315 S.W.3d at 

656; Tanner, 274 S.W.3d at 320; Moyer, 183 S.W.3d at 51–52. A trial court’s issuance 

of a turnover order, even if predicated on an erroneous conclusion of law, will not be 

reversed for an abuse of discretion if the judgment is sustainable for any reason. 

Beaumont Bank, N.A., 806 S.W.2d at 226. A trial court does not abuse its discretion if 

there is some evidence of a substantive and probative character to support the decision. 

Tanner, 274 S.W.3d at 321–22.

III. JURISDICTION
5

We first address appellees’ argument that we lack jurisdiction over these 

appeals. Appellees contend that appellants timely filed notices of appeal from the first 

two turnover orders, but these first two orders became nullities when the third turnover 

order was rendered and appellants did not properly perfect an appeal from the third 

turnover order. Appellants previously addressed this issue by filing an “Opposed 

Second Motion to Review Further Orders” seeking appellate review of the third turnover, 

which this Court granted by order previously issued in this cause. However, in granting 

the motion, we cautioned the parties that our ruling should not be construed as a final 

determination regarding whether the November 4, 2011 turnover order is subject to 

review on appeal, and we directed the parties to address this issue in their briefing. 

This issue is now properly before the Court.

Ordinarily, an amended final order supersedes any prior final order when the 

“order amounts to something more than marking through [an earlier date] and 

substituting another date on the final order.” Old Republic Ins. Co. v. Scott, 846 S.W.2d 

832, 833 n.2 (Tex. 1993) (holding date of final judgment for purpose of appellate filing 

deadlines was later date, not earlier). When the trial court signs an amended order, the 

original order becomes “a nullity.” Id. As the original judgment ceases to have legal 

effect, only the amended judgment can support an appeal. Bahar v. Lyon Fin. Servs., 

330 S.W.3d 379, 386 (Tex. App.—Austin 2010, pet. denied). 

The trial court’s post-judgment power to enforce its judgment and to aid the 

judgment creditor in his efforts to collect on that judgment can last until the judgment is 

satisfied. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 308; Bahar, 330 S.W.3d at 386. The only limit on a trial 

court’s authority to enforce its judgment is that enforcement orders must not be 
6

inconsistent with the original judgment and must not constitute a “material change in 

substantial adjudicated portions of the judgment.” Matz v. Bennion, 961 S.W.2d 445, 

452 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1997, writ. denied) (quoting Katz v. Bianchi, 848 

S.W.2d 372, 374 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1993, orig. proceeding [leave 

denied])). Thus, the trial court may render a number of amended turnover orders, all of 

which could be final, appealable judgments if they act as mandatory injunctions. Bahar, 

330 S.W.3d at 386 (discussing Schultz v. Fifth Judicial Dist. Court of Appeals, 810 

S.W.2d 738, 740 (Tex. 1991), abrogated on other grounds by In re Sheshtawy, 154 

S.W.3d 114, 124–25 (Tex. 2004)). 

In the instant case, the three turnover orders are distinct. The first turnover order

rendered on August 11, 2011, and entitled “Order on Toby Shor’s and Seashore 

Investments Management Trust’s Application for Turnover Order,” provides that 

appellants “directly or indirectly” are the owners of shares, stock, stock certificates, or 

ownership interests in a list of 22 different entities, and “through entities in which they 

have an interest, directly or indirectly, real property known as 500 N. Water Street . . . 

and personal property located therein.” The order recites that the property is not 

exempt from attachment, execution, or seizure, and it cannot “readily be attached or 

levied on by ordinary legal process.” The order directs the appellants to turn over the 

described property to the sheriff within 24 hours and declares that Shor, as trustee for 

Seashore, is the owner of the referenced properties whether or not appellants comply 

with the directive.
7

The second turnover order rendered on October 12, 2011 is entitled “Order on 

Toby Shor’s and Seashore Investments Management Trust’s Agreed Motion to Transfer 

Assets from Bankruptcy Trustee” and provides in pertinent part as follows:

On August 11, 2011 this Court signed a turnover order 

commanding Paul Black to turn over his ownership interests in various 

entities, real property, and personal property, to the Sheriff for levy. The 

order also declared that in the event that Paul Black ignored the order, 

Shor was the owner of those assets.4

While Shor’s application for turnover relief was pending, Paul Black, 

pursuant to a proposed settlement, which was subject to Bankruptcy Court 

approval, conveyed these interests, to Michael B. Schmidt, Chapter 7 

Bankruptcy Trustee (“Trustee”) in the BNP Petroleum and BNP Oil & Gas 

Bankruptcy Cases, which are pending in the Southern District of Texas. 

That proposed settlement with Paul Black and the Trustee was not 

approved by the Bankruptcy Court. Upon application by the Trustee, the 

Bankruptcy Court recently held that the Trustee was in possession of such 

interests, and that, since the settlement offered by Black was not 

approved by the Bankruptcy Court, it was appropriate for the Trustee to 

turn over these interests. Specifically, the bankruptcy court held:

The Court finds further that in the event that Nueces County 

Court at Law #3 enters an Order that requires the Trustee to 

turn over the property to Toby Shor, Trustee, then this court 

will approve and authorize the Trustee to so turn over the 

interest. The Court also finds that, as an alternative, the 

Court should authorize the Trustee to implead the interest 

into the Registry of Nueces County Court at Law No. 3.

Ex. 2, Bankruptcy Order.

In accordance with the Bankruptcy Court’s Order, this Court

thereby orders, the Trustee to turn over to Toby Shor, as trustee for 

Seashore Investments Management Trust (“Shor”) all interest he holds in 

entities formerly held by Paul Black, which were conveyed to him pursuant 

to the disapproved settlement with Paul Black. The Court approves the 

form of the Conveyance to Shor, which is attached hereto and upon 

 

4 We note that the first turnover order expressly provides that Shor, as trustee for Seashore, is 

the “owner” of interests in the described properties “[r]egardless of whether judgment debtors comply” 

with the order, yet the second turnover order characterized the first order as providing that, “in the event 

that Paul Black ignored the [first] order, Shor was the owner of those assets.” We consider this 

discrepancy to be immaterial to the analysis herein.
8

delivery of this Conveyance to Shor’s counsel, the Trustee shall have fully 

complied with this Order.

The third turnover order rendered on November 4, 2011, entitled “Amended 

Order on Toby Shor’s and Seashore Investments Management Trust’s Application for 

Turnover Order,” incorporates much of the structure and language utilized in the first 

turnover order. Specifically, it provides that appellants “directly or indirectly” are the 

owners of shares, stock, stock certificates, or ownership interests in a list of 22 different 

entities. The order recites that the property is not exempt from attachment, execution or 

seizure and it cannot “readily be attached or levied on by ordinary legal process.” 

However, the order contains additional different provisions. Instead of referencing “real 

property known as 500 N. Water Street,” the third turnover order directs the turnover of 

“all personal property,” excluding fixtures, located at 500 N. Water Street, in “space that 

had been occupied by entities controlled by Paul Black, including such personal 

property located in the Havana Club and 500 Bistro.” Additionally, the order recites that:

Paul Black transferred his interests in the above listed property to 

the trustee in the BNP Petroleum and BNP Oil & Gas Bankruptcy as part 

of an attempted settlement. Pursuant to the direction of the bankruptcy 

court, and then this Court, the trustee subsequently transferred those 

interests to Toby Shor, as Trustee of the Seashore Investments 

Management Trust, where such title currently resides.

The Court finds that the property should be turned over to the 

Sheriff for levy, and the proceeds should be used to satisfy Shor’s 

judgment, or at least any part thereof to the extent the proceeds do not

satisfy the entire judgment. It is therefore ORDERED that the following 

property shall be turned over for levy (with the proceeds to be applied 

toward the satisfaction of the judgment rendered in this case) to Sheriff 

Jim Kaelin . . . .

The order directs the appellants to turn over the described property to the sheriff within 

48 hours and orders that the personal property located at Havana Club and 500 Bistro 
9

be maintained in place, subject to normal wear, tear, and use of those on-going 

operations upon the premises, and directs that it “shall not be removed from such 

premises by the Sheriff or another until after final ownership is determined upon 

completion of the Sheriff’s sale of same in place.” 

Each of these distinct turnover orders acts as a mandatory injunction, and 

accordingly, constitutes a final, appealable judgment. See Schultz, 810 S.W.2d at 740; 

Bahar, 330 S.W.3d at 386. Thus, we disagree with appellees’ contention that the first 

two turnover orders became nullities when the third turnover order was rendered. 

We next address appellees’ contention that appellants did not properly perfect a 

separate appeal from the third turnover order. The court of appeals has jurisdiction over 

any appeal where the appellant files an instrument that was filed in a bona fide attempt 

to invoke appellate court jurisdiction. In re J.M., No. 12-0836, 2013 Tex. LEXIS 209, at 

*2, 56 Tex. Sup. J. 383 (Tex. Mar. 15, 2013) (per curiam) (“A party complies with Rule 

25.1 by making a bona fide attempt to invoke appellate jurisdiction.”); Sweed v. Nye, 

323 S.W.3d 873, 875 (Tex. 2010) (per curiam) (“[T]his Court has consistently held that a 

timely filed document, even if defective, invokes the court of appeals' jurisdiction.”); In re 

K.A.F., 160 S.W.3d 923, 927–28 (Tex. 2005) ("a court of appeals has jurisdiction over 

an appeal if the appellant timely files an instrument in a bona fide attempt to invoke the 

appellate court's jurisdiction"); Linwood v. NCNB Tex., 885 S.W.2d 102, 103 (Tex. 1994) 

("The court of appeals . . . has jurisdiction over the appeal if a party files an instrument 

in a bona fide attempt to invoke the appellate court's jurisdiction."). This principle 

reflects the policy embodied in the appellate rules that disfavors disposing of appeals 

based upon harmless procedural defects, thus we construe the rules reasonably, yet 
10

liberally, so that the right to appeal is not lost by imposing requirements not absolutely 

necessary to effect the purpose of a rule. Verburgt v. Dorner, 959 S.W.2d 615, 616–17 

(Tex. 1997); see Maxfield v. Terry, 888 S.W.2d 809, 811 (Tex. 1994) (holding that the 

rules should be interpreted liberally to give appellate courts the opportunity to reach the 

merits of an appeal whenever possible). In cases challenging the validity of appellate 

review, the primary factor that determines whether jurisdiction has been conferred on 

the appellate court is not the form or substance of the perfecting instrument, but

whether the instrument was filed in a bona fide attempt to invoke appellate court 

jurisdiction. Warwick Towers Council of Co-Owners ex. rel. St. Paul Fire & Marine Ins. 

Co., 244 S.W.3d 838, 839 (Tex. 2008) (citing Walker v. Blue Water Garden Apartments, 

776 S.W.2d 578, 581 (Tex. 1989)); see, e.g., CMH Homes v. Perez, 340 S.W.3d 444, 

452–53 (Tex. 2011) (appellant invoked appellate jurisdiction by specifically requesting 

that its appeal be treated as a mandamus petition). 

Given the nature of the appeals at issue as arising from a series of appealable 

turnover orders, appellants’ timely invocation of our appellate jurisdiction through the 

notices of appeal pertaining to the first two appeals, and appellants’ motion for appellate 

review of the third turnover order, filed less than thirty days from the date of entry of that 

order, in a pending appellate cause, we affirm our previous ruling and conclude that we 

have obtained jurisdiction not only over the first two turnover orders, but also over 

appellants’ appeal of the third turnover order. See In re J.M., 2013 Tex. LEXIS 209, at 

*2; Sweed, 323 S.W.3d at 875; In re K.A.F., 160 S.W.3d at 927–28; Linwood, 885 

S.W.2d at 103. The “Opposed Second Motion to Review Further Orders” expressly 

sought appellate review of the November 4, 2011 order in a pending appellate cause, 
11

and thus constituted a bona fide attempt to invoke appellate jurisdiction over that order. 

See In re J.M., 2013 Tex. LEXIS 209, at *2; Sweed, 323 S.W.3d at 875. We proceed to 

address the merits of the appeal.

IV. APPEAL

We address appellants’ issues out of order. By their fourth issue, appellants 

contend the trial court violated Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 29.5 by entering the 

October 12, 2011 and November 4, 2011 turnover orders because the August 11, 2011 

order had been appealed to this Court. Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 29 governs 

orders pending interlocutory appeal in civil cases. See generally TEX. R. APP. P. 29. 

Section five of this rule, entitled “Further Proceedings in Trial Court,” provides:

While an appeal from an interlocutory order is pending, the trial court 

retains jurisdiction of the case and unless prohibited by statute may make 

further orders, including one dissolving the order complained of on appeal. 

If permitted by law, the trial court may proceed with a trial on the merits.

But the court must not make an order that:

(a) is inconsistent with any appellate court temporary order; or

(b) interferes with or impairs the jurisdiction of the appellate court or 

effectiveness of any relief sought or that may be granted on appeal.

Id. R. 29.5. Rule 29 is inapplicable to the instant case because, although most writs 

and orders in aid of execution are not appealable, a turnover order is a final, appealable 

judgment. Schultz, 810 S.W.2d at 740; see also Burns v. Miller, Hiersche, Martens & 

Hayward, P.C., 909 S.W.2d 505, 506 (Tex. 1995) (per curiam); Bahar, 330 S.W.3d at 

385. Accordingly, we overrule this issue.

V. VOID

In their seventh issue, appellants contend that the August 11, 2011 turnover 

order was void because it was issued during the mandatory bankruptcy stay of 11 
12

U.S.C. § 362(a). See 11 U.S.C.A. § 362(a) (West 2011); In re Repine, 536 F.3d 512 

(5th Cir. 2008. In their eighth issue, appellants contend that if the August 11, 2011 

order was void, the subsequent turnover orders of October 12, 2011 and November 4, 

2011 were also void because they were based on a void order. In response, appellees 

assert that the “precise scope and effect of the bankruptcy stay could be discussed at 

length.” Appellees do not otherwise directly address whether or not the August 11, 2011 

turnover order was entered in violation of the bankruptcy stay because they contend 

that, in any event, that order became a nullity when the subsequent turnover orders 

were issued. 

An order issued by the bankruptcy trustee overseeing these matters on June 9, 

2011 stated that the automatic stay pursuant to bankruptcy code section 362(a) was in 

effect. The stay was subsequently lifted on September 1, 2011.

An automatic stay in bankruptcy prohibits the commencement or continuation of 

any judicial action or proceeding against the debtor and any property within the debtor’s 

bankruptcy estate. See 11 U.S.C.A. §362(a); Eguia v. Eguia, 367 S.W.3d 455, 458–59 

(Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2012, no pet.). The automatic stay deprives state courts of 

jurisdiction over proceedings against the debtor, and any action taken against the 

debtor while the stay is in place is void and without legal effect. See Kalb v. Feuerstein, 

308 U.S. 433, 439 (1940); Howell v. Thompson, 839 S.W.2d 92, 92 (Tex. 1992); 

Continental Casing Corp. v. Samedan Oil Corp., 751 S.W.2d 499, 501 (Tex. 1988); 

Eguia, 367 S.W.3d at 458; In re Pegasus Funds TFN Trading Partners, LP, 345 S.W.3d 

175, 176–77 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2011, orig. proceeding); In re De La Garza, 159 

S.W.3d 119, 121 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2004, orig. proceeding). 
13

Accordingly, the turnover order of August 11, 2011, which purports to affect the 

same property that was at issue in the bankruptcy proceedings, is void because it was 

issued in violation of the bankruptcy stay. Thus, we sustain appellants’ seventh issue.5

In their eighth issue, appellants contend that the turnover orders of October 12, 

2011 and November 4, 2011 were also void “since they were based on the August 11, 

2011 void turnover order.” It is unclear, looking at either the record or the law, why 

appellants contend that the second and third turnover orders were “based” on the first 

order. We have already concluded that the three turnover orders were distinct, 

independent, and appealable. See Bahar, 330 S.W.3d at 386. We overrule appellants’

eighth issue.

VI. EVIDENCE

By their first issue, appellants contend that the trial court abused its discretion in 

entering the August 11, 2011, October 12, 2011, and November 4, 2011 turnover orders 

because there was no evidence that any of the property subject to the orders, which 

included transfers of real property, could not be readily attached or levied on by ordinary 

legal process as required by Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code section 31.002 

and pursuant to this Court’s decision in Gerdes v. Kennamer, No. 13-06-00175-CV, 

2007 Tex. App. LEXIS 2700 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi Apr. 5, 2007, no pet.) (mem. 

op.). We have already concluded that the August 11, 2011 turnover order is void and 

do not include this order in our analysis of this issue. See TEX. R. APP. P. 47.1, 47.4.

 

5

Appellants’ second issue also attacks the August 11, 2011 order. By this issue, appellants 

contend that the trial court abused its discretion by ordering that Shor, as trustee of Seashore, is the 

owner of appellants’ interest in the properties listed in the order in violation of Ex parte Johnson, 654 

S.W.2d 415, 419 (Tex. 1983). Having concluded that the order is void, we need not address this issue. 

See TEX. R. APP. P. 47.1, 47.4. 
14

In Gerdes, we stated that a creditor does not meet its evidentiary burden under 

the turnover statute when the creditor provides no evidence of the necessary facts. 

Gerdes, 2007 Tex. App. LEXIS 2700, at *6. In concluding that the applicant for turnover 

relief failed to introduce evidence to support the required element that the property 

cannot be readily attached or levied by ordinary legal process, we noted that motions 

and arguments of counsel are not evidence and, accordingly, concluded that the trial 

court abused its discretion in granting turnover relief. Id. 

In response to appellants’ contention that the turnover orders lacked evidentiary 

support, appellees contend that appellants were not entitled to notice and hearing 

before entry of the turnover orders and that an evidentiary hearing is only required prior 

to the entry of a turnover order if there is a factual dispute as to the ownership of the 

property in question.

As an initial matter, the turnover statute itself does not require notice and a 

hearing prior to issuance of a turnover order. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 

31.002; Ex Parte Johnson, 654 S.W.2d 415, 418 (Tex. 1983) (stating that notice and 

hearing prior to issuance of the turnover order was not required under predecessor 

statute); Sivley v. Sivley, 972 S.W.2d 850, 860 (Tex. App.—Tyler 1998, no pet.) ("The 

statute itself does not provide for notice or a hearing to be afforded a judgment debtor in 

a turnover proceeding."); Plaza Court v. West, 879 S.W.2d 271, 276 (Tex. App.—

Houston [14th Dist.] 1994, no writ.) (explaining that the turnover statute does not 

provide for notice to be afforded a judgment debtor in a turnover proceeding); see also 

In re Guardianship of Bays, 355 S.W.3d 715, 720 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2011, no 
15

pet.); Llanes v. Benge, No. 13-07-00026-CV, 2009 Tex. App. LEXIS 551, at **11–12 

(Tex. App.—Corpus Christi Jan. 29, 2009, no pet.) (mem. op.). 

Nevertheless, the trial court “must have some evidence before it that establishes 

that the necessary conditions for the application of 31.002 exist.” Tanner, 274 S.W.3d 

at 322. The conditions that must be met are: 

(1) the entity that is to receive aid must be a judgment creditor;

(2) the court that would grant aid must be one of appropriate 

jurisdiction;

(3) the aid to be given must be in order to reach property to obtain 

satisfaction on the judgment; and

(4) the judgment debtor must own property (including present or future 

rights to property) that: 

(a) cannot be readily attached or levied on by ordinary legal 

process and

(b) is not exempt from attachment, execution, or seizure for the 

satisfaction of liabilities.

TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 31.002(a); Suttles v. Vestin Realty Mortg. I, Inc.,

317 S.W.3d 412, 416 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2010, no pet.); Tanner, 274 

S.W.3d at 322. Issuance of a turnover order requires “a factual showing” that the 

judgment debtor has non-exempt property that is not readily subject to ordinary 

execution and “proof of the necessary facts.” Schultz, 810 S.W.2d at 740; see Main 

Place Custom Homes, Inc. v. Honaker, 192 S.W.3d 604, 628 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 

2006, pet. denied); Moyer, 183 S.W.3d at 54; Clayton v. Wisener, 169 S.W.3d 682, 684

(Tex. App.—Tyler 2005, pet. denied); Bergman v. Bergman, 828 S.W.2d 555, 557 (Tex. 

App.—El Paso 1992, no pet.). The trial court must have some evidence before it that 
16

establishes that the necessary conditions for the application of 31.002 exist. Suttles, 

317 S.W.3d at 416; Tanner, 274 S.W.3d at 322. 

Appellees did not support their applications for turnover relief by verification or 

affidavit, and the trial court did not hold evidentiary hearings on turnover relief. 

Appellants opposed turnover relief by responsive pleadings which included affidavits 

addressing the application of the statutory requirements for relief. Accordingly, the trial 

court abused its discretion in granting turnover relief in the absence of evidence 

supporting the statutory requirements. Suttles, 317 S.W.3d at 416; Tanner, 274 S.W.3d 

at 322; see also Gerdes, 2007 Tex. App. LEXIS 2700, at *6. We sustain appellants’ first 

issue. 

VII. CONCLUSION

Having overruled appellants’ fourth and eighth issues, and having sustained 

appellants’ first and seventh issues, we need not address their remaining issues. See 

TEX. R. APP. P. 47.1, 47.4.6 We vacate the August 11, 2011 turnover order, which was 

originally appealed in our cause number 13-11-00570-CV. We reverse the October 12, 

2011 turnover order, which was originally appealed in our cause number 13-11-00715-

CV, and the November 4, 2011 turnover order, which was appealed by motion granted 

 

6

By their third issue, appellants contend that the trial court also abused its discretion by entering 

the October 12, 2011 order which purports to transfer property to Shor and Seashore in violation of Ex 

parte Johnson, 654 S.W.2d 415, 419 (Tex. 1983). By their fifth issue, appellants contend that it was an 

abuse of discretion for the trial court, in its November 4, 2011 turnover order, to have relied on its October 

12, 2011 order “which improperly transferred property directly to Toby Shor, as trustee of Seashore, and 

then after [she] allowed the real property to be foreclosed on, refused to pay rent, and lost the Prosperity 

Bank property, the Havana Club, the 500 Club, and is about to lose the 5262 Staples property, to then 

order the property no longer in Seashore or Black’s possession to be turned over to the Sheriff.” In their 

sixth issue, appellants contend that the collective effect of Shor and Seashore’s actions and the trial 

court’s signing of improper turnover orders was “an abuse of discretion” requiring all the orders to be 

reversed and this matter remanded to the new trial judge to consider the effect of these actions on 

appellants’ rights.
17

in these consolidated causes, and we remand to the trial court for further proceedings 

consistent with this opinion. 

__________________________

GINA M. BENAVIDES,

Justice

Delivered and filed the

18th day of April, 2013.