# Patent

## Title
Fingerprint sensing system with adaptive power control

## Abstract

A fingerprint sensing system comprising a device connection interface, and a sensing arrangement including sensing structures, a read-out circuitry connected the sensing structures, and a sensing arrangement controller for controlling the sensing arrangement between at least a first sensing arrangement operational mode and a second sensing arrangement operational mode. The system further comprising supply circuitry connected to the sensing arrangement, and comprising a supply circuitry controller for controlling the supply circuitry between a first supply circuitry operational mode and a second supply circuitry operational mode in which modes different supply power is provided to the sensing arrangement. The supply circuitry controller transitions the supply circuitry between its modes in response to a power state signal indicative of a future transition of the sensing arrangement from the first operational mode to the second operational mode.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
The present application is based on and claims the benefit of Swedish patent application Serial No. 1650547-1, filed Apr. 22, 2016, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a fingerprint sensing system, and to a method of controlling a fingerprint sensing system.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Various types of biometric systems are used more and more in order to provide for increased security and/or enhanced user convenience.
In particular, fingerprint sensing systems have been adopted in, for example, consumer electronic devices, thanks to their small form factor, high performance and user acceptance.
Among the various available fingerprint sensing principles (such as capacitive, optical, thermal, acoustic, etc), capacitive sensing is most commonly used, in particular in applications where size and power consumption are important issues.
All capacitive fingerprint sensors provide a measure indicative of the capacitance between several sensing structures and a finger placed on or moved across the surface of the fingerprint sensor.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,864,992 discloses a fingerprint sensing system in which a driving signal is injected into the finger by pulsing a conductive structure arranged in the vicinity of the sensor array and measuring the resulting change of the charge carried by the sensing structures in the sensor array.
Although the fingerprint sensing system according to U.S. Pat. No. 7,864,992 provides for an excellent combination of fingerprint image quality and sensor protection, it would, in some applications be desirable to be able to acquire a high-quality fingerprint image without having to change the potential of the finger. In particular, there appears to be room for improvement for “difficult” fingers, such as dry fingers.
US 2015/0015537 discloses a fingerprint sensing system in which the reference potential of the sensor array is allowed to swing in relation to a device reference potential. Since the finger potential of a finger on the sensor array can be assumed to be constant or vary slowly in relation to the device reference potential, the swing of the reference potential of the sensor array can replace the swing of the finger potential used by the fingerprint sensing system according to U.S. Pat. No. 7,864,992. Since the approach according to US 2015/0015537 is practically independent of the conductivity of the finger, better results may be obtained for the above-mentioned “difficult” fingers.
U.S. Pat. No. 9,152,841 discloses another fingerprint sensing system in which the local reference potential of single sensing elements or groups of sensing elements is controlled to swing in relation to a device reference potential. According to U.S. Pat. No. 9,152,841, each sensing element comprises a sense transistor formed in a well, and the well is controlled to swing together with the sensing structure of the sensing element, to reduce the influence of parasitic capacitances.
In addition, although the swinging of the reference potential provides better results for the “difficult” finger, it inevitably implies increased energy consumption and unwanted reduced overall power efficiency of the fingerprint sensing system.
In summary, it would be desirable to provide for even further improved fingerprint sensing, in particular through a thicker dielectric structure. It would also be desirable to provide such fingerprint sensing while maintaining a low energy consumption of the fingerprint sensing system.
SUMMARY
In view of above-mentioned and other drawbacks of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved fingerprint sensing system, that provides for improved fingerprint sensing, in particular through a thicker dielectric structure.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, it is therefore provided a fingerprint sensing system for sensing a fingerprint pattern of a finger, the fingerprint sensing system comprising: a device connection interface for connection of the fingerprint sensing system to an electronic device, the device connection interface including a device reference potential input for receiving a device reference potential from the electronic device; a sensing arrangement including: a plurality of sensing structures, each being covered by a dielectric structure; read-out circuitry connected to each of the sensing structures for providing sensing signals indicative of a capacitive coupling between each sensing structure and the finger in response to a change in potential difference between a sensing structure potential of the sensing structure and a finger potential of the finger, the read-out circuitry being connected to each of the sensing structures in such a way that the sensing structure potential follows a sensing reference potential of the sensing arrangement; and a sensing arrangement controller for controlling the sensing arrangement between at least a first sensing arrangement operational mode requiring a first supply of power to the sensing arrangement and a second sensing arrangement operational mode requiring a second supply of power, higher than the first supply of power, to the sensing arrangement; and supply circuitry connected to the sensing arrangement for providing, to the sensing arrangement, the sensing reference potential in the form of a sensing reference signal alternating, in relation to the device reference potential, between a first sensing reference potential and a second sensing reference potential, a change in potential difference, in relation to the device reference potential, between the first sensing reference potential and the second sensing reference potential resulting in the change in potential difference between the finger potential and the sensing structure potential, the supply circuitry comprising: a supply circuitry controller for controlling the supply circuitry between: a first supply circuitry operational mode in which the supply circuitry is capable of providing, to the sensing arrangement, at least the first supply of power; and a second supply circuitry operational mode in which the supply circuitry is capable of providing, to the sensing arrangement, at least the second supply of power, wherein: the sensing arrangement controller is configured to provide, to the supply circuitry, a power state signal indicative of a future transition of the sensing arrangement from the first operational mode to the second operational mode; and the supply circuitry controller is configured to receive the power state signal and to control the supply circuitry to transition from the first supply circuitry operational mode to the second supply circuitry operational mode in response to the power state signal.
The device reference potential may be any reference potential for the electronic device, such as device ground (0 V in relation to device ground) or device supply voltage (such as 1.8 V in relation to device ground).
The electronic device may, for example, be a portable electronic device, such as a mobile phone, a smart watch, or a chip card (a so-called smart card). Furthermore, the electronic device may be a sub-system comprised in a more complex apparatus, such as a vehicle.
The read-out circuitry may include circuitry for converting analog signals to digital signals. Such circuitry may include at least one analog to digital converter circuit. In such embodiments, the fingerprint sensing system may thus provide a fingerprint pattern signal as a digital signal. In other embodiments, the fingerprint pattern signal may be provided as an analog signal.
The sensing structures may advantageously be provided in the form of metal plates, so that parallel plate capacitors are formed by the sensing structures (the sensing plates), the finger surface, and the dielectric structure covering the sensing structures (and any air that may locally exist between the finger surface and the dielectric structure).
The dielectric structure may advantageously be at least 20 μm thick and have a high dielectric strength to protect the underlying structures of the fingerprint sensing device from wear and tear as well as ESD (electrostatic discharge). Even more advantageously, the dielectric structure may be at least 50 μm thick. In embodiments, the dielectric structure may be several hundred μm thick. For instance, the dielectric structure may be at least partly constituted by a structural part of the electronic device, such as a cover glass or a laminate.
That the read-out circuitry is connected to each of the sensing structures in such a way that the sensing structure potential substantially follows the sensing reference potential of the sensing arrangement should be understood to mean that a change of the sensing reference potential results in a substantially corresponding change in the sensing structure potential. Depending on the configuration of the read-out circuitry, the sensing structure potential may be substantially the same as the sensing reference potential, or there may be a substantially constant potential difference between the sensing reference potential and the sensing structure potential.
It should be noted that the finger potential of the finger can generally be assumed to be substantially constant in relation to the device reference potential, at least during the time needed for the read-out circuitry to carry out a sensing operation. In embodiments, the fingerprint sensing system and/or the electronic device in which the fingerprint sensing system is comprised may include a conductive structure for connecting the finger, or another part of the user's hand, to the device reference potential. Such a conductive structure is not necessary for the fingerprint sensing system to operate satisfactory, but may enhance the performance of the fingerprint sensing system for certain fingers and/or use cases.
The present invention is based upon the realization that improved fingerprint sensing performance, especially through a relatively thick dielectric structure, can be achieved by increasing the change in potential difference between the finger potential and the sensing structure potential. The present inventors have further realized that this can be achieved while maintaining a low energy consumption of the fingerprint sensing system by only allowing the increased change in potential difference at times when it is necessary.
According to various embodiments of the fingerprint sensing system of the present invention, the read-out circuitry may be configured to sense a change in charge carried by each of the sensing structures resulting from the change in potential difference, the read-out circuitry comprises: a plurality of charge amplifiers, each being connected to at least one of the sensing structures for providing a sensing signal indicative of a change in charge carried by the at least one sensing structure, wherein each of the charge amplifiers comprises: a first input connected to the at least one sensing structure; a second input connected to the supply circuitry to receive the sensing reference potential; an output providing the sensing signal; a feedback capacitor connected between the first input and the output; and at least one amplifier stage between the first and second inputs, and the output, wherein the charge amplifier is configured in such a way that a potential at the first input substantially follows the sensing reference potential at the second input.
Each charge amplifier converts charge at the first input (sometimes referred to as the negative input) to a voltage at the output. The gain of the charge amplifier is determined by the capacitance of the feedback capacitor.
That the charge amplifier is configured in such a way that the potential at the first input substantially follows the potential at the second input (sometimes referred to as the positive input) should be understood to mean that a change in the potential at the second input results in a substantially corresponding change in the potential at the first input. Depending on the actual configuration of the charge amplifier, the potential at the first input may be substantially the same as the potential at the second input, or there may be a substantially constant potential difference between the second input and the first input. If, for instance, the charge amplifier is configured as a single stage amplifier, the potential difference may be the gate-source voltage of the transistor of the single stage amplifier.
It should be noted that the output of the charge amplifier need not be directly connected to the feedback capacitor, and that there may be additional circuitry between the output and the feedback capacitor.
Advantageously, the read-out circuitry may further comprise sampling circuitry connected to the output of each of the charge amplifiers for sampling the sensing signals at sampling times being related to changes of the sensing reference potential between the first sensing reference potential and the second sensing reference potential.
In embodiments, the sampling circuitry may be controlled to sample the output a first time when the sensing reference potential is at either the first sensing reference potential or the second sensing reference potential, and a second time when the sensing reference potential is at the other one of the first sensing reference potential and the second sensing reference potential.
The procedure of sampling the sensing signal at first and second sampling times is generally referred to as correlated double sampling and removes much of the offset as well as at least low-frequency components of the common mode noise that the fingerprint sensing system may be subjected to.
In embodiments of the invention, the second operational mode may be an active mode, wherein, in the active mode the read-out circuitry is configured to form a fingerprint pattern signal based on the change in charge between each sensing structure and the finger.
In further embodiments of the invention, the sensing arrangement is controllable between the first sensing arrangement operational mode and the second sensing arrangement operational mode, and at least a third sensing arrangement operational mode. In other words, the sensing arrangement may advantageously be controlled to operate in more than two sensing arrangement operational modes for more flexibility in power supply control.
In an embodiment of the invention, the sensing arrangement controller is configured to form an fingerprint image from the sensing signals, and to analyze the image quality of the fingerprint image, wherein, if an image quality factor exceeds a threshold value, the sensing arrangement controller is configured to provide, to the supply circuitry, a second power state signal indicative of a transition to the third sensing arrangement operational mode requiring a third supply of power lower than the second supply of power. If the fingerprint image quality is more than sufficiently good for accurate imaging of the fingerprint, the power may advantageously be lowered to the third supply of power, where the third supply of power still provides enough power for adequate imaging. Thereby, lower power imaging (i.e. lower power than in the second sensing arrangement operational mode) is enabled when sufficient image quality can be obtained, and in this way power can be saved.
In an embodiment of the invention, the sensing arrangement controller is configured to form an fingerprint image from the sensing signals, and to analyze the image quality of the fingerprint image, wherein, if an image quality factor is higher than a threshold value, the sensing arrangement controller is configured to provide, to the supply circuitry, a further power state signal indicative of a transition to a further sensing arrangement operational mode, wherein in the further sensing arrangement operational mode, a frequency of the alternating sensing reference signal has been changed from a first alternation frequency to a second alternation frequency. In the previous sensing operational mode (i.e. the first, second, or third) the alternating sensing reference signal has the first alternation frequency and in the further sensing operational mode the alternating sensing reference signal has the second alternation frequency different from the first alternation frequency. For example, if the image quality is sufficiently good, the second alternation frequency is lower than the first alternation frequency. This advantageously lowers peak currents required for fast charging of the sensing structures when alternating the sensing reference potential.
In embodiments, the sensing arrangement controller may be configured to provide the power state signal to the supply circuitry controller with a delay such that the supply circuitry controller is able to control the supply circuitry to transition from the first supply circuitry operational mode to the second supply circuitry operational mode before the future transition of the sensing arrangement from the first operational mode to the second operational mode. Thus, the power state signal is provided some delay time before the transition is about to occur, the delay time is sufficient for the supply circuitry to prepare for providing (e.g. charging the capacitors) the second supply power which is higher than the first supply power.
In embodiments, the supply circuit comprises a voltage regulator and a switch arranged in parallel to an input and an output of the voltage regulator, the potential at the input being the device supply potential (DVDD), wherein, in the first supply circuitry operational mode the switch is configured to bypass the voltage regulator so that the sensing arrangement supply potential (SVDD) is substantially equal to the device supply potential (DVDD) of the electronic device, and in the second supply circuitry operational mode the switch is open so that the voltage regulator provides the sensing arrangement supply potential (SVDD) to the sensing arrangement. In other words, in the first supply circuitry operational mode, the voltage regulator can be powered down to thereby lower the energy consumption of the sensing arrangement in the first sensing arrangement operational mode compared to the second sensing arrangement operational mode requiring the second supply of power. In the second supply circuitry operational mode, the voltage regulator is not bypassed by the switch, but instead the switch is open (i.e. the switch breaks the bypass connection between the input and output of the voltage regulator) and the voltage regulator is powered up and provides the sensing arrangement supply potential (SVDD) to the sensing arrangement.
In various embodiments of the fingerprint sensing system according to the present invention, the sensing arrangement may be included in a first integrated circuit; and the device connection interface and the sensing reference potential providing circuit may be included in a second integrated circuit coupled to the first integrated circuit.
In these embodiments, the first integrated circuit may further comprise a sensing arrangement interface; and the second integrated circuit may further comprise a sensor connection interface connected to the sensing arrangement interface.
The first integrated circuit (fingerprint sensor component) may be an SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) slave, and the sensing arrangement interface may be an SPI port comprising a serial clock input (SCLK); a master output slave input (MOSI); a slave select input (CS); and a master input slave output (MISO).
According to various embodiments the sensing arrangement, the device connection interface, and the supply circuitry may be included in a single integrated circuit.
According to embodiments, moreover, the sensing arrangement, the device connection interface, and the supply circuitry may be included in a single integrated circuit comprising a semiconductor substrate; and the at least one amplifier stage in each charge amplifier may comprise: a sense transistor having a gate constituting the first input, wherein the sense transistor is formed in a well in the semiconductor substrate, an interface between the well and the substrate being configured in such a way that current can be prevented from flowing between the well and the substrate, and wherein the well is connected to the supply circuitry in such a way that a potential of the well substantially follows the sensing reference potential.
The semiconductor substrate may advantageously be a doped semiconductor substrate, and the well may be a portion of the substrate doped to opposite polarity with respect to the semiconductor substrate (if the semiconductor substrate is p-doped, the well may be n-doped, and if the semiconductor substrate is n-doped, the well may be p-doped. This is one way of achieving an interface between the well and the substrate that is configured in such a way that a current can be prevented from flowing between the well and the substrate. In particular, the well and the substrate may be kept at such electrical potentials that no current flows through the diode formed at the interface between the substrate and the well.
Alternatively, an insulating layer may be provided between the substrate and the well, for instance in the form of a thin layer of glass. Such an insulating layer will also prevent current from flowing between the well and the substrate.
The influence of the parasitic capacitance between sensing structure and semiconductor structures in the sensing arrangement can be considerably reduced by connecting the well to the sensing reference providing structure in such a way that the potential of the well substantially follows the sensing reference potential. Hereby, the potential difference between the well and the sensing structure can kept substantially constant.
The fingerprint sensing system according to embodiments of the present invention may, furthermore, advantageously be included in an electronic device, further comprising processing circuitry configured to: acquire the fingerprint pattern signal from the fingerprint sensing system via the device connection interface; authenticate a user based on the fingerprint pattern signal; and perform at least one action only if the user is authenticated based on the fingerprint pattern signal.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of controlling a fingerprint sensing system comprising: a device connection interface for connection of the fingerprint sensing system to an electronic device, the device connection interface including a device reference potential input for receiving a device reference potential from the electronic device; a sensing arrangement including: a plurality of sensing structures, each being covered by a dielectric structure and being arranged to capacitively couple to the finger when the finger is placed on the dielectric structure; and read-out circuitry connected to each of the sensing structures in such a way that the sensing structure potential follows a sensing reference potential of the sensing arrangement; and a sensing arrangement controller for controlling the sensing arrangement between at least a first sensing arrangement operational mode requiring a first supply of power to the sensing arrangement and a second sensing arrangement operational mode requiring a second supply of power, higher than the first supply of power, to the sensing arrangement; and supply circuitry connected to the sensing arrangement for providing the sensing reference potential to the sensing arrangement, the supply circuitry includes a supply circuit controller for controlling the supply circuit between a first supply circuitry operational mode in which the supply circuitry is capable of providing, to the sensing arrangement, at least the first supply of power and a second supply circuitry operational mode in which the supply circuitry is capable of providing, to the sensing arrangement, at least the second supply of power; the method comprising the steps of: a) providing, to the sensing arrangement, at least the first supply of power; b) providing, to the supply circuitry, a power state signal indicative of a future transition of the sensing arrangement from the first operational mode to the second operational mode; c) controlling the supply circuitry to transition from the first supply circuitry operational mode to the second supply circuitry operational mode in response to the power state signal.
Further embodiments of, and effects obtained through this second aspect of the present invention are largely analogous to those described above for the first aspect of the invention.
In summary, the present invention relates to a fingerprint sensing system, and to a method of controlling a fingerprint sensing system. The fingerprint sensing system comprising a device connection interface, and a sensing arrangement including sensing structures, a read-out circuitry connected the sensing structures, and a sensing arrangement controller for controlling the sensing arrangement between at least a first sensing arrangement operational mode and a second sensing arrangement operational mode. The system further comprising supply circuitry connected to the sensing arrangement, and comprising a supply circuitry controller for controlling the supply circuitry between a first supply circuitry operational mode and a second supply circuitry operational mode in which modes different supply power is provided to the sensing arrangement. The supply circuitry controller transitions the supply circuitry between its modes in response to a power state signal indicative of a future transition of the sensing arrangement from the first operational mode to the second operational mode.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and other aspects of the present invention will now be described in more detail, with reference to the appended drawings showing an example embodiment of the invention, wherein:
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a mobile phone comprising a fingerprint sensing system according to an example embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2a schematically shows a first embodiment of the fingerprint sensing system comprised in the electronic device in FIG. 1;
FIG. 2b is a schematic block diagram of the fingerprint sensing system in FIG. 2a; 
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-section view of a portion of the fingerprint sensing system in FIG. 2a illustrating an example configuration of the sensing arrangement and the provision of the fingerprint sensing signal from the sensing arrangement;
FIGS. 4a-b are graphs schematically illustrating the relation between the sensing reference potential and the sensing signal output by the charge amplifier in FIG. 3, as well as exemplary sampling times;
FIG. 5a schematically shows a second embodiment of the fingerprint sensing system comprised in the electronic device in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5b is a schematic block diagram of the fingerprint sensing system in FIG. 5a; 
FIG. 6a is a hybrid of a partly structural and partly circuit schematic illustration of the sensing arrangement comprised in the fingerprint sensing device in FIGS. 5a-b; 
FIG. 6b is a version of FIG. 6a in which the charge amplifier is illustrated using a higher level symbol and the provision of the fingerprint sensing signal from the sensing arrangement is illustrated;
FIGS. 7a-b schematically illustrate an example configuration of the supply circuitry comprised in the fingerprint sensing system according to various embodiments of the invention;
FIGS. 8a-b schematically illustrate an example configuration of the supply circuitry comprised in the fingerprint sensing system according to various embodiments of the invention;
FIG. 9 conceptually illustrates a histogram of data related to signals sensed by the sensing structures;
FIG. 10 shows a flow-chart with method steps according to an embodiment of the invention; and
FIG. 11 shows a flow-chart with method steps according to an embodiment of the invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS
In the present detailed description, various embodiments of the fingerprint sensing system and method according to the present invention are mainly described with reference to a fingerprint sensing system that is packaged to be connectable to an electronic device by a flexible printed circuit. Although this is convenient for many applications, it should be noted that many other kinds of electronics packages may be suitable for embodiments of the fingerprint sensing system depending on application. In embodiments, the fingerprint sensing system may also be unpackaged, or the electronic device may be a part of the packaging, such as may be the case when the electronic device is, for example, a smart card.
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an application for a fingerprint sensing device according to an example embodiment of the present invention, in the form of a mobile phone 1 with an integrated fingerprint sensing system 2. The fingerprint sensing system 2 may, for example, be used for unlocking the mobile phone 1 and/or for authorizing transactions carried out using the mobile phone, etc.
FIG. 2a schematically shows a first embodiment of the fingerprint sensing system 2 comprised in the mobile phone 1 in FIG. 1. As can be seen in FIG. 2a, the fingerprint sensing system 2 comprises a fingerprint sensor 3 and an interface circuit 4. In the present exemplary embodiment, the fingerprint sensor 3 is shown to be coated with a dielectric structure in the form of a protective coating 6. Depending on the application, the protective coating 6 may have different properties. If the fingerprint sensor 3 is to be arranged under the cover glass of a mobile phone 1, then the protective coating 6 may be rather thin, since the cover glass will offer protection for the fingerprint sensor 3. In other applications, where the protective coating 6 is to be directly touched by the user's finger, the protective coating may be rather thick. For instance, the fingerprint sensor 3 may be overmolded by a suitable polymer used in the electronics packaging industry.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the fingerprint sensor 3 is connected to the interface circuit 4, and the interface circuit 4 is connectable to an electronic device (such as the mobile phone 1 in FIG. 1) via a flex circuit 7 with a connector 9.
As is schematically indicated in FIG. 2a, the fingerprint sensor 3 comprises a large number of sensing elements 8 (only one of the sensing elements has been indicated with a reference numeral to avoid cluttering the drawing), each being controllable to sense a distance between a sensing structure (top plate) comprised in the sensing element 8 and the surface of a finger contacting the top surface of the fingerprint sensor 3.
The fingerprint sensor 3 in FIG. 2 may advantageously be manufactured using CMOS technology, but other techniques and processes may also be feasible. For instance, an insulating substrate may be used and/or thin-film technology may be utilized for some or all process steps needed to manufacture the fingerprint sensor 3.
With reference to FIG. 2b, which is a simplified schematic block diagram of the first embodiment of the fingerprint sensing system 2 in FIG. 2a, the fingerprint sensor 3 comprises a sensing arrangement 10, a sensing arrangement controller 12, and a sensing arrangement interface 13. The interface circuit 4 comprises, as is indicated in FIG. 2b, supply circuitry 15, level shifting circuitry 16, a sensor connection interface 18, and a device connection interface 19. The sensor connection interface 18 is in a first voltage domain of the interface circuit 4 having the same reference potential as the fingerprint sensor 3, and the device connection interface 19 is in a second voltage domain of the interface circuit 4 referenced to the device reference potential of the electronic device 1. The border between the first voltage domain and the second voltage domain is schematically indicated in FIG. 2b by the vertical dashed line 20 passing through the supply circuitry 15.
Turning again to the fingerprint sensor 3 in FIG. 2b, the sensing arrangement 10 comprises the above-mentioned sensing elements 8, sampling circuitry 22 for sampling sensing signals output by the sensing elements 8, and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 23 for converting the analog signal values sampled by the sampling circuitry 22 to digital values that may constitute a fingerprint pattern signal, such as a fingerprint image. The sensing arrangement interface 13 comprises a sensor communication interface 25, a sensor voltage supply interface 26, a timing output 27a, and a power state output 27b. 
In the embodiment of FIGS. 2a-b, the sensor communication interface 25, which may for example, be an SPI slave interface, passes the fingerprint pattern signal from the ADC 23 to the electronic device 1 via the interface circuitry 4, and sensor control signals originating from the electronic device 1 to the sensing arrangement controller 12.
The sensor communication interface 25 is illustrated as a simplified SPI (serial peripheral interface) port comprising a serial clock input (SCK) 29, a master output slave input (MOSI) 30, a slave select input (CS) 31; and a master input slave output (MISO) 32.
The sensor voltage supply interface 26 receives a supply voltage from the interface circuit 4 as the substantially constant difference between a sensor ground potential SGND and a sensor supply potential SVDD. The sensor ground potential SGND and the sensor supply potential SVDD vary together in relation to device ground DGND.
Through the timing output 27a, the fingerprint sensor 3 provides a timing signal TXOUT to the interface circuit 4, to allow the operation of the interface circuit to be timed with the operation of the sensing arrangement 10.
Through the power state output 27b, the sensor arrangement controller 12 can provide, to the supply circuitry, a power state signal (PWRS) indicative of a future transition of the sensing arrangement 10 from a first operational mode to a second operational mode.
In the simplified example of FIG. 2b, the device connection interface 19 of the interface circuit 4 comprises inputs for receiving the device ground potential DGND and the device supply potential DVDD, and an SPI-interface for allowing communication between the electronic device 1 and the fingerprint sensor 3 via the interface circuit 4 as well as between the electronic device 1 and the interface circuit 4.
The sensor connection interface 18 of the interface circuit 4 is connected to the sensing arrangement interface 13 of the fingerprint sensor 3 for providing the sensor ground potential SGND and the sensor supply potential SVDD to the fingerprint sensor 3, for allowing communication with the fingerprint sensor 3 and for receiving the timing signal TXOUT provided by the sensor. As is schematically indicated in FIG. 2b, the timing signal TXOUT is used for controlling operation of the supply circuitry 15 and the level shifting circuitry 16.
An example configuration of the sensing arrangement 10 and the provision of the fingerprint sensing signal from the sensing arrangement for the fingerprint sensing system in FIG. 2a will now be described with reference to FIG. 3.
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross section view of a portion of the fingerprint sensing system 2 in FIG. 2a, taken along the line A-A′ as indicated in FIG. 2a with a finger 35 placed on top of the fingerprint sensor 3. The finger 35 has a finger potential FGND. As is schematically shown in FIG. 3, the fingerprint sensor 3 comprises a plurality of sensing structures 36, here in the form of metal plates underneath the dielectric structure 6, and read-out circuitry 37 connected to each of the sensing structures 36. In the example embodiment of FIG. 3, the read-out circuitry comprises a plurality of charge amplifiers 38, a multiplexer 39, the above-mentioned sampling circuitry 22, the above-mentioned ADC 23, and selection circuitry, here functionally illustrated as a simple selection switch 40 for allowing selection/activation of different sensing elements 8.
The charge amplifier 38 comprises at least one amplifier stage, here schematically illustrated as an operational amplifier (op amp) 41 having a first input (negative input) 42 connected to the sensing structure 36, a second input (positive input) 43 connected to sensor ground SGND, and an output 44. In addition, the charge amplifier 38 comprises a feedback capacitor 45 connected between the first input 42 and the output 44, and reset circuitry, here functionally illustrated as a switch 46, for allowing controllable discharge of the feedback capacitor 45. The charge amplifier 38 may be reset by operating the reset circuitry 46 to discharge the feedback capacitor 45.
As is often the case for an op amp 41, the potential at the first input 42 follows the potential applied to the second input 43. Depending on the particular amplifier configuration, the potential at the first input 42 may be substantially the same as the potential at the second input 43, or there may be a substantially fixed offset between the potential at the first input 42 and the potential at the second input 43.
In addition to the sensing arrangement comprising the sensing structures 36 and the read-out circuitry 37 as described above, the fingerprint sensor 3 further comprises the sensing arrangement controller 12 as described above. In FIG. 3, the sensing arrangement controller 12 is shown to control the selection circuitry 40, the multiplexer 39, the sampling circuitry 22 and the ADC 23.
FIG. 3 also schematically shows the interface circuit 4 connected to the fingerprint sensor 3 and to the rest of the electronic device 1 as described above with reference to FIG. 2a-b. As is schematically indicated in FIG. 3, the interface circuit 4 provides the above-mentioned sensing reference potential (SGND and SVDD) to the fingerprint sensor 3. In the simplified example of FIG. 3, the sensor ground potential is provided to the second input 43 of each charge amplifier 38 comprised in the read-out circuitry 37.
At least when the fingerprint sensing system 2 is in a fingerprint sensing mode, the interface circuit 4 provides the sensing reference potential (SGND) to the fingerprint sensor 3 in the form of a sensing reference signal alternating, in relation to the device reference potential DGND, between a first sensing reference potential VL and a second sensing reference potential VH. Since the finger potential FGND is substantially constant in relation to the device reference potential DGND (for example through an electrical connection between the electronic device and the hand of the user), and the potential of the sensing structure 36 substantially follows the potential at the second input 43 of the charge amplifier 38, the time-varying, in relation to the device reference potential DGND, potential SGND at the second input 43 results in a time-varying potential difference between the sensing structure 36 and the finger 35.
A change in potential difference between the sensing structure 36 and the finger 35 will in turn result in a change of the charge carried by the sensing structure 36 that is indicative of the capacitive coupling between the finger 35 and the sensing structure (plate) 36. The sensing signal Vs provided at the output 44 of the charge amplifier 38 will be indicative of this change of charge carried by the sensing structure 36 and thus of the local capacitive coupling between the finger 35 and the sensing structure 36.
Between sensing operations, the feedback capacitor 45 needs to be reset (the charge across the feedback capacitor 45 is equalized). This is carried out using the reset switch 46.
When the indicated sensing element 8 is selected for sensing, the selection switch 40 is closed to connect the output of the charge amplifier to the readout line 48. The readout line 48 is connected to the multiplexer 39. As is schematically indicated in FIG. 3, additional readout lines providing sensing signals from other groups of sensing elements are also connected to the multiplexer 39.
At least the operation of the reset switch 46 and the sampling of the sensing signal Vs need to be synchronized with changes of the sensor ground potential SGND in relation to the device ground potential DGND. In the example embodiment of FIG. 3, this synchronization is handled by the sensing arrangement controller 12 that controls the timing of the reset switch 46 and provides the above-mentioned timing signal TXOUT to the interface circuit to thereby control the timing of the transitions of the sensing reference potential SGND from the first sensing reference potential VL to the second sensing reference potential VH, or from the second sensing reference potential VH to the first sensing reference potential VL, in relation to the timing of the reset switch 46.
As is schematically indicated in FIG. 3, the sensing arrangement controller also controls the timing of the sampling of the sensing signal Vs by the sampling circuit 22 and the ND-conversion of the sampled sensing signals by the ADC 23.
An exemplary timing relation between sensing reference signal SGND, operation of the reset switch 46 and sampling of the sensing signal Vs using the sampling circuit 22 will be described below with reference to FIGS. 4a-b. 
FIG. 4a shows the sensing reference potential (the sensor ground potential SGND) in relation to the device ground potential DGND. As described above, the potential of the sensing structure 36 in relation to the device ground potential DGND will exhibit substantially the same behavior, and FIG. 4b schematically shows the sensing signal Vs.
Referring first to FIG. 4a, the sensor ground potential SGND goes from the second sensing reference potential VH to the first sensing reference potential VL, in relation to the device ground potential DGND, at T1, and then goes back from VL to VH at T2. These transitions are controlled by the timing signal TXOUT provided from the fingerprint sensor 3 to the interface circuit 4.
A first delay Δt1 after first transition, at T1, the reset switch 46 is operated to bring the charge amplifier 38 to such a state (enabled state) that the output provides a signal if the charge on the sensing plate 36 changes. A second delay Δt2 after first transition, the sampling circuit 22 is controlled to sample the sensing signal a first time, resulting in a first sampled value S1.
When the sensor ground potential SGND goes from low to high at T2, there will be a change in the charge on the sensing plate 36 resulting from capacitive coupling with the finger 35. This change in charge is translated into a change in the voltage provided by the charge amplifier 38, that is, a change in the sensing signal Vs.
A third delay Δta after the second transition, at T2, the sampling circuit 22 is controlled to sample the sensing signal a second time, resulting in a second sampled value S2. The difference between S2 and S1 is a measure indicative of the capacitive coupling between the sensing plate 36 and the finger 35.
FIGS. 5a-b schematically show a second embodiment of the fingerprint sensing system 2 comprised in the mobile phone 1 in FIG. 1. The fingerprint sensing system 2 according to this second embodiment differs from that described above with reference to FIGS. 2a-b, FIG. 3 and FIGS. 4a-b in that the sensing arrangement 10, the device connection interface 19 and the supply circuitry 15 are all included in a single integrated circuit 50. Accordingly signals to and from the electronic device are provided directly from the fingerprint sensing system component 50 to the electronic device via the flex circuit 7 and the connector 9.
With reference to FIG. 5b, which is a simplified schematic block diagram of the second embodiment of the fingerprint sensing system 2 in FIG. 5a, the fingerprint sensing system component 50 comprises a sensing arrangement 10, a sensing arrangement controller 12, supply circuitry 15, a level shifting circuitry 16, and a device connection interface 19. The sensing arrangement 10 and the sensing arrangement controller 12 are in a first voltage domain, and the device connection interface 19 and the ADC 23 are in a second voltage domain referenced to the device reference potential of the electronic device 1. The border between the first voltage domain and the second voltage domain is schematically indicated in FIG. 5b by the vertical dashed line 20 passing through the supply circuitry 15 and the level shifting circuitry 16.
The sensing arrangement 10 comprises the above-mentioned sensing elements 8 and sampling circuitry 22 for sampling sensing signals output by the sensing elements 8. In the example embodiment of FIG. 5b, the values sampled by the sampling circuitry 22 are level shifted by the level shifting circuitry 16 before being provided to the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 23.
In the embodiment of FIGS. 5a-b, the device connection interface 19 is illustrated as comprising inputs for receiving the device ground potential DGND and the device supply potential DVDD, and an SPI-interface for allowing communication between the electronic device 1 and the fingerprint sensing system component 50.
An example configuration of the sensing arrangement and the provision of the fingerprint sensing signal from the sensing arrangement for the fingerprint sensing system in FIGS. 5a-b will now be described with reference to FIGS. 6a-b. 
FIG. 6a is a hybrid of a partly structural and partly circuit schematic illustration of a sensing element 8 comprised in the fingerprint sensing system component 50 in FIGS. 5a-b. The protective dielectric structure 6, the sensing plate 36, the shielding plate 52 and the reference plate 53 are schematically shown in an exploded perspective view, while the charge amplifier 38 is illustrated in the form of a transistor level circuit schematic.
As is shown in FIG. 6a, this first example of a simple charge amplifier 38 comprises sense transistor 54, cascode transistor 55, reset transistor 56 and bias current source 57. The sense transistor 54, the cascade transistor 55 and the reset transistor 56 are all formed in the same well 59.
To aid the understanding of the parts and connections in FIG. 6a, the same schematic configuration is also shown in FIG. 6b, on a more abstract level with the transistor circuitry of FIG. 6a replaced by a general symbol for a charge amplifier having its first (negative) input 42 connected to the sensing plate 36, its positive input 43 connected to the supply circuitry 15, and its output 44 providing a sensing signal Vs indicative of the change in charge carried by the sensing plate 36 resulting from a change in a potential difference between the finger 35 and the sensing plate 36. FIG. 6b also schematically indicates that the well 59 is connected to the supply circuitry 15.
Returning to FIG. 6a, it can be seen that the gate of the sense transistor 54 constitutes the negative input 42 of the charge amplifier 38 and that the source of the sense transistor 54 constitutes the positive input 43 of the charge amplifier 54. The positive input 43 is connected to the shielding plate 52, which is in turn connected to the well 59 in which the sense transistor 54 is formed, and to the supply circuitry 15.
The sensing element 8 further comprises a drive transistor 60 a drive control switch 61 and a reset control switch 46. The drive control switch 61 is controllable between a first state in which the gate of the drive transistor 60 is connected to the supply circuitry 15 and a second state in which the gate of the drive transistor 60 is connected to ground. When the drive control switch 61 is in its first state, the drive transistor 60 will be conducting and thus connect the sensing structure 36 directly to the supply circuitry 15. When the drive control switch is in its second state, the drive transistor 60 will be non-conducting. In the latter case, there will thus be no direct connection through the drive transistor 60 between the sensing structure 36 and the supply circuitry 15. As can be seen in FIG. 6a, the drive transistor 60 is formed in the well 59. The bias current source 57 can be in the sensing element or outside the sensor array.
In the same way, the reset control switch 46 is controllable between a first state in which the reset transistor 56 is non-conducting to allow a potential difference between the sensing plate 36 and the feedback plate 53, and a second state in which the reset transistor 56 is conducting to equalize the potentials of the sensing plate 36 and the feedback plate 53.
Through the configuration of the sensing element 8 in FIG. 6a, the influence of the internal parasitic capacitances Cp1 and Cp3 is removed or at least considerably reduced.
Having now described two exemplary embodiments of the fingerprint sensing system 2 according to the present invention on a system level, example configurations of the supply circuitry 15 will now be described in greater detail with reference to FIGS. 7a-b, and FIGS. 8a-b, together with FIGS. 9-10.
An example basic configuration of the supply circuitry 15 comprised in embodiments of the fingerprint sensing system 2 according to the present invention will now be described with reference to the simplified circuit diagrams in FIGS. 7a-b. In FIG. 7a, the supply circuitry 15 is shown in a first (charging) state, and in FIG. 7b, the supply circuitry 15 is shown in a second (boosting) state.
Turning first to FIG. 7a, the supply circuitry 15 comprises four booster capacitors 65a-d, a charging circuit 66, switching circuitry indicated in FIG. 7a by a number of simple switch symbols, and a supply circuit controller (not shown) which can control the switches and the charging circuit 66 of the supply circuitry 15. Note that the number of booster capacitors may be an arbitrary number, thus the supply circuit is not limited to having four booster capacitors. Four booster capacitors for the supply circuit are only chosen for exemplary purposes.
Each of the booster capacitors 65a-d has a first capacitor terminal 68a and a second capacitor terminal 68b. These have only been indicated by reference numerals for the first booster capacitor 65a to avoid cluttering the drawings.
The charging circuit 66 has a charging output 67 connected to the first capacitor terminal 68a of each boosting capacitor 65a-d and voltage detection inputs 71a-b connected across the first boosting capacitor 65a. 
The switching circuitry includes, as is schematically indicated in FIG. 7a, two charging enable switches 69a-b and two boosting enable switches 70a-b for each of the booster capacitors 65a-d. The charging enable switches 69a-b are controllable to allow connection of the first capacitor terminal 68a to device ground DGND, and connection of the second capacitor terminal 68b to the charging circuit 66. The boosting enable switches 70a-b are controllable to allow connection of the first capacitor terminal 68a to a booster floor potential for the booster capacitor 65a-d, and connection of the second capacitor terminal 68b to the next stage of the supply circuitry 15 (or to the sensing reference potential output). Again, these switches have only been indicated by reference numerals for the first booster capacitor 65a to avoid cluttering the drawings.
As is also indicated in FIG. 7a, the supply circuitry 15 further comprises a diode 72, a voltage regulator 73, such as a low-dropout regulator (LDO), a switch 83, a first capacitor 74 (smooting capacitor), and a second capacitor 78.
At least in the active mode operation of the sensing arrangement 10, i.e. the second sensing arrangement operational mode, the supply circuitry 15 is controlled to alternate between a first state as is schematically indicated in FIG. 7a and a second state as is schematically indicated in FIG. 7b. Furthermore, in this active mode operation the switch 83 is open so that the voltage regulator 73 is supplies the sensing arrangement supply potential SVDD to the sensing arrangement. The supply circuit 15 is thus in the second supply circuitry operational mode so that it can supply the second supply of power to the sensing arrangement 10 which operates in the active mode operation.
In the first state, the charging enable switches 69a-b are controlled to conductively connect the first capacitor terminal 68a of each boosting capacitor 65a-d to device ground DGND, and to conductively connect the second capacitor terminal 68b of each boosting capacitor 65a-d to the charging output 67 of the charging circuit 66. The boosting enable switches 70a-b are controlled to disconnect the respective boosting capacitors 65a-d from the previous and following stages of the supply circuitry 15. Furthermore, sensing arrangement ground SGND is connected to device ground DGND to provide a first sensing reference potential VL, in relation to device ground DGND, as the sensing arrangement ground SGND. In the first state of the supply circuitry 15, the sensing arrangement supply potential SVDD is substantially equal to the device supply potential DVDD.
To ensure that the boosting capacitors 65a-d are charged to provide the same voltage boosting steps, the charging circuit 66 includes a voltage detector 76 for detecting the voltage across the boosting capacitors 65a-b and a controllable current source 77, which may be controlled to provide a constant charging current to the second capacitor terminal 68b of each boosting capacitor 65a-b until the voltage detector 76 detects a predefined charging voltage Vcharge. The predefined charging voltage Vcharge may be programmable. Note that there may be more than one current source and more than one voltage detector, i.e. so that the voltage across more than one of the boosting capacitors 65a-d can be detected. Thus, for further improved performance, the charge on each of the boosting capacitors 65a-b may be individually monitored. In that case, the sensing reference providing circuitry 15 may include one charging circuit for each boosting capacitor.
When the boosting capacitors 65a-d have been charged to the charging voltage, the supply circuitry 15 is ready to be switched to its second state—the boosting state. The timing of the transition from the first state to the second state may be controlled by the sensing arrangement, particularly by a timing signal (TXOUT in FIGS. 2b and 3) that may be provided from the sensing arrangement to the supply circuitry 15.
Referring now to FIG. 7b, which schematically shows the supply circuitry 15 in its second state, the charging enable switches 69a-b are controlled to disconnect the first capacitor terminal 68a of each boosting capacitor 65a-d from device ground DGND, and to disconnect the second capacitor terminal 68b of each boosting capacitor 65a-d from the charging output 67 of the charging circuit 66. The boosting enable switches 70a-b are controlled to connect the respective boosting capacitors 65a-d to the previous and following stages of the supply circuitry 15 as is schematically indicated in FIG. 7b. Accordingly, the sensing arrangement ground SGND is connected to the second capacitor terminal of the fourth boosting capacitor 65d to provide a second sensing reference potential VH, in relation to device ground DGND, as the sensing arrangement ground SGND. In the second state of the supply circuitry 15, the sensing arrangement supply potential SVDD is substantially equal to the device supply potential DVDD plus the second sensing reference potential VH. The second sensing reference potential VH is, in the simplified example of FIGS. 7a-b, approximately DVDD plus four times the charging voltage Vcharge, in relation to device ground DGND.
In the second state, the diode 72 prevents current from flowing from SVDD towards DVDD, and SVDD is raised by means of the capacitor 78 keeping the potential difference between SGND and SVDD substantially constant.
Referring now to FIGS. 8a-b which shows the supply circuitry in a sleep mode of the sensing arrangement 10, e.g. in the first sensing arrangement operational mode which requires the first supply of power, lower than the second supply of power. The switch 83 is controlled so that the device supply potential DVDD bypasses the voltage regulator 73 and is supplied as the sensing arrangement supply potential SVDD to the sensing arrangement 10. Thus, in the first sensing arrangement operational mode the sensing arrangement supply potential SVDD is substantially equal to the device supply potential DVDD. The voltage regulator 73 is powered down in the first sensing arrangement operational mode corresponding to the first supply circuitry operational mode of the supply circuit 15.
In the first sensing arrangement operational mode it may still be desirable to provide the sensing reference potential in the form of an alternating sensing reference signal. For example, without the boosting capacitors 65a-d contributing an alternating sensing reference with a lower voltage may still be used. In the first sensing arrangement operational mode (e.g. a sleep mode), the charging enable switches 69a-b are in the configuration as explained with reference to FIG. 7a, as also shown in FIG. 8a-b, thus the boosting capacitors 65a-d are inactive and do not contribute to the second sensing reference potential VH. Instead, the second sensing reference potential VH may be provided by the controllable current source 77. The alteration of the sensing reference potential between the first sensing reference potential VL and the second sensing reference potential VH may be provided by controlling the switch 70e. For providing the first sensing reference potential VL, the sensing arrangement 10 ground SGND is connected to device ground DGND by the switch 70e as shown in FIG. 8a. For providing a second sensing reference potential VH, in relation to device ground DGND the sensing arrangement 10 ground SGND is connected to the current source 77 by the switch 70e as shown in FIG. 8b. Furthermore, the sensing arrangement 10 ground SGND may be directly connected to device supply potential DVDD via the current source 77.
Accordingly, the sensing arrangement 10 can be transitioned from the first operational mode (e.g. a sleep mode) to the second operational mode, e.g. the active operation mode. In order for the supply circuit 15 to be able to, in time, transition from the first supply circuitry operational mode to the second supply circuitry operational mode, the sensing arrangement controller 12 is configured to provide, to the supply circuitry 15, a power state (PWRS) signal. The PWRS signal provides an indication of a future transition of the sensing arrangement 10 from the first operational mode to the second operational mode. The supply circuitry controller (not shown) is configured to receive the power state signal. In response to the power state signal the supply circuitry 15 is controlled by the supply circuitry controller to transition from the first supply circuitry operational mode to the second supply circuitry operational mode. The time between the receipt of the signal and the future transition is typically about 100 μs.
Furthermore, the sensing arrangement 10 can be transitioned from the second operational mode (e.g. the active mode) to the first operational mode, (e.g. the sleep mode). In other words, the sensing arrangement controller 12 may provide PWRS signal to the supply circuit 15 indicative of a future transition of the sensing arrangement 10 from the second operational mode (e.g. the active mode shown in FIG. 7a-b) to the first operational mode (e.g. the sleep mode schematically shown in FIG. 8a-b). In response to receipt of the PWRS signal, the supply circuit controller controls the supply circuit to transition from the second supply circuitry operational mode (shown in FIG. 7a-b) to the first supply circuitry operational mode (shown in FIG. 8a-b).
FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary timing relation between the power state signal (PWRS) and the power consumption of the sensing arrangement 10 and the supply circuitry 15 when transitioning between the first and the second sensing arrangement operational modes. First, the sensing arrangement 10 is in the first sensing arrangement operational mode for some time, e.g. the sleep mode only requiring the first supply of power from the supply circuitry 15 being in its first supply circuitry operational mode. At time t1 the sensing arrangement provides a power state signal (PWRS) to the supply circuitry 15 indicating that in 100 μs, it will require the second supply of power (e.g. for capturing an image). Thus, this gives the supply circuitry 100 μs to e.g. charge the boosting capacitors 65a-d and prepare for providing the second supply of power in its second supply circuitry operational mode. At time t2, the sensing arrangement is provided with the second supply of power from the supply circuitry. In other words, in this example, the time between t1 and t2 is 100 μs. The supply circuitry 15 may apply the second supply of power for as long as the sensing arrangement requires the second supply of power. At time t3, the sensing arrangement 10 provides a second PWRS to the supply circuitry 15 indicative of a transition back to the first sensing arrangement operational mode. Thus, in response to the second PWRS, the supply circuit controller controls the supply circuit 15 to transition back to the first supply circuitry operational mode, whereby the sensing arrangement 10 is transitioned back to the first sensing arrangement operational mode.
In addition to the first and second sensing arrangement operational mode, the sensing arrangement may in embodiments be controllable to transition to further sensing arrangement operational modes, e.g. a third sensing arrangement operational mode. For example, the sensing arrangement controller 12 may be configured to form a fingerprint image from the sensing signals obtained by the sensing structures 8 of the sensing arrangement 10. Alternatively, the sensing arrangement controller 12 may be configured to form an at least partial fingerprint image from the sensing signals obtained by the sensing structures 8 of the sensing arrangement 10. The sensing arrangement controller 12 may be configured to determine a quality factor of the at least partial fingerprint image by for example analyzing a histogram of data from the sensing structures 8. An example histogram is shown in FIG. 9. For example, the image quality factor may be determined by evaluating the distance (w) between peaks in the histogram, where a first peak 91 represents the number of sensing structures 8 sensing fingerprint ridges and a second peak 92 represents the number of sensing structures sensing a fingerprint valleys. The distance may for example be expressed in terms of “gray levels”, i.e. related to the contrast between the pixels representing sensed ridges and pixels representing sensed valleys.
If the image quality factor is sufficiently high, e.g. exceeding a predetermined value, the sensing arrangement controller 12 may provide a PWRS signal, to the supply circuitry 15, indicative of a transition of the sensing arrangement 12 to a third sensing arrangement operational mode. This mode may be similar to the active mode described with reference to FIG. 7a-b with a difference that the supplied power, a third supply of power, is lower (or higher) than the second supply of power. Thus, the supply circuit controller (not shown) is configured to control the supply circuitry 15 to transition from e.g. the second supply circuitry operational mode to a third supply circuitry operational mode providing the third supply of power to the sensing arrangement 10. Preferably, in the third sensing arrangement operational mode, an appropriate number of the boosting capacitors 65a-d are charged to a charging voltage, for example, only two of the boosting capacitors 65a-d may be charged as used in accordance with the description with reference to FIG. 7a-b. Alternatively, in the third sensing arrangement operational mode, the boosting capacitors 65a-d are charged to a lower charging voltage compared to the charging voltage in the second sensing arrangement operational mode. The sensing arrangement controller 12 may thereafter be configured to form a fingerprint image in the third sensing arrangement operational mode, from the sensing signals obtained by the sensing structures 8 of the sensing arrangement 10 in the third sensing arrangement operational mode with the third supply of power.
In addition to the above mentioned first, second, and third sensing arrangement operational mode, the sensing arrangement can in some embodiments be transitioned to a further sensing arrangement operational mode. As described above, the sensing arrangement may analyze the image quality and determine if it exceeds a predetermined value. Instead of altering the supplied power by e.g. adapting the charging of the boosting capacitors 65a-d as described with reference to the third sensing arrangement operational mode, the frequency of the alternating sensing reference signal may be changed. For example, if the image quality factor (w) determined from a first at least partial fingerprint image is higher than sufficient for an adequate image quality, a frequency of the alternating sensing reference signal may be been changed from a first alternation frequency to a second alternation frequency. The sensing arrangement controller 12 may then advantageously provide an indication of an intended changed alternation frequency to the interface circuit 4 via the timing signal TXOUT. If the second alternation frequency is lower than the first alternation frequency, peak currents required for fast charging of the sensing structures when alternating the sensing reference potential are advantageously lowered.
As described with reference to FIG. 7a-b the alternation of the alternating sensing reference signal is controlled by the switch 70e. The frequency of the transitions from the first sensing reference potential VL and the second sensing reference potential VH are controlled by the timing signal TXOUT provided from the fingerprint sensor 3 to the interface circuit 4.
Note that a transition from any one of the first, second, third, or further sensing arrangement operational mode, to any one of the first, second, third, or further sensing arrangement operational mode is also possible. Furthermore, the third and the further mode may be combined into a common mode, thus both with a changed frequency of the alternating sensing reference signal and with the third supply of power.
FIG. 11 shows a flow-chart with method steps according to an embodiment of the invention. In a first step S1002, there is provided from the supply circuitry, to the sensing arrangement, at least the first supply of power. In a second step S1004, there is provided, to the supply circuitry, a power state signal indicative of a future transition of the sensing arrangement from the first operational mode to the second operational mode. Subsequently, in step 1006, the supply circuitry is controlled to transition from the first supply circuitry operational mode to the second supply circuitry operational mode in response to the power state signal.
In the claims, the word “comprising” does not exclude other elements or steps, and the indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude a plurality. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.

## Claims

1. A fingerprint sensing system for sensing a fingerprint pattern of a finger, said fingerprint sensing system comprising:
a device connection interface for connection of said fingerprint sensing system to an electronic device, said device connection interface including a device reference potential input for receiving a device reference potential from said electronic device;
a sensing arrangement including:
a plurality of sensing structures, each being covered by a dielectric structure;
read-out circuitry connected to each of said sensing structures for providing sensing signals indicative of a capacitive coupling between each sensing structure and said finger in response to a change in potential difference between a sensing structure potential of said sensing structure and a finger potential of said finger, said read-out circuitry being connected to each of said sensing structures in such a way that said sensing structure potential follows a sensing reference potential of said sensing arrangement; and
a sensing arrangement controller for controlling said sensing arrangement between at least a first sensing arrangement operational mode requiring a first supply of power to said sensing arrangement and a second sensing arrangement operational mode requiring a second supply of power, higher than said first supply of power, to said sensing arrangement; and

supply circuitry connected to said sensing arrangement for providing, to said sensing arrangement, said sensing reference potential in the form of a sensing reference signal alternating, in relation to said device reference potential, between a first sensing reference potential and a second sensing reference potential, a change in potential difference, in relation to said device reference potential, between said first sensing reference potential and said second sensing reference potential resulting in said change in potential difference between said finger potential and said sensing structure potential, said supply circuitry comprising:
a supply circuitry controller for controlling said supply circuitry between:
a first supply circuitry operational mode in which said supply circuitry is capable of providing, to said sensing arrangement, at least said first supply of power; and
a second supply circuitry operational mode in which said supply circuitry is capable of providing, to said sensing arrangement, at least said second supply of power, wherein:

said sensing arrangement controller is configured to provide, to said supply circuitry, a power state signal indicative of a future transition of said sensing arrangement from said first operational mode to said second operational mode; and
said supply circuitry controller is configured to receive said power state signal and to control said supply circuitry to transition from said first supply circuitry operational mode to said second supply circuitry operational mode in response to said power state signal.

2. The fingerprint sensing system according to claim 1, wherein said read-out circuitry is configured to sense a change in charge carried by each of said sensing structures resulting from said change in potential difference, said read-out circuitry comprises:
a plurality of charge amplifiers, each being connected to at least one of said sensing structures for providing a sensing signal indicative of a change in charge carried by said at least one sensing structure, wherein each of said charge amplifiers comprises:
a first input connected to said at least one sensing structure;
a second input connected to said supply circuitry to receive said sensing reference potential;
an output providing said sensing signal;
a feedback capacitor connected between said first input and said output; and
at least one amplifier stage between said first and second inputs, and said output,

wherein said charge amplifier is configured in such a way that a potential at said first input substantially follows said sensing reference potential at said second input.

3. The fingerprint sensing system according to claim 2, wherein said read-out circuitry further comprises:
sampling circuitry connected to the output of each of said charge amplifiers for sampling said sensing signals at sampling times being related to changes of said sensing reference potential between said first sensing reference potential and said second sensing reference potential.

4. The fingerprint sensing system according to claim 3, wherein the sampling circuitry may be controlled to sample the output a first time when the sensing reference potential is at either the first sensing reference potential or the second sensing reference potential, and a second time when the sensing reference potential is at the other one of the first sensing reference potential and the second sensing reference potential.

5. The fingerprint sensing system according to claim 1, wherein said second operational mode is an active mode operation, wherein, in said active mode operation the read-out circuitry is configured to form a fingerprint pattern signal based on said change in charge between each sensing structure and said finger.

6. The fingerprint sensing system according to claim 1, wherein said sensing arrangement is controllable between said first sensing arrangement operational mode and said second sensing arrangement operational mode, and at least a third sensing arrangement operational mode.

7. The fingerprint sensing system according to claim 6, wherein said sensing arrangement controller is configured to form a fingerprint image from said sensing signals, and to analyze the image quality of said fingerprint image, wherein, if an image quality factor exceeds a threshold value, said sensing arrangement controller is configured to provide, to said supply circuitry, a second power state signal indicative of a transition to said third sensing arrangement operational mode requiring a third supply of power lower than said second supply of power.

8. The fingerprint sensing system according to claim 6, wherein said sensing arrangement controller is configured to form a fingerprint image from said sensing signals, and to analyze the image quality of said fingerprint image, wherein, if an image quality factor is higher than a threshold value, said sensing arrangement controller is configured to provide, to said supply circuitry, a further power state signal indicative of a transition to a further sensing arrangement operational mode, wherein in said further sensing arrangement operational mode, a frequency of said alternating sensing reference signal has been changed from a first alternation frequency to a second alternation frequency.

9. The fingerprint sensing system according to claim 1, wherein said sensing arrangement controller is configured to provide said power state signal to said supply circuitry controller with a delay such that said supply circuitry controller is able to control said supply circuitry to transition from said first supply circuitry operational mode to said second supply circuitry operational mode before said future transition.

10. The fingerprint sensing system according to claim 1, wherein said supply circuit comprises a voltage regulator and a switch arranged in parallel to an input and an output of the voltage regulator, the potential at the input being the device supply potential (DVDD), wherein, in said first supply circuitry operational mode the switch is configured to bypass the voltage regulator so that the sensing arrangement supply potential (SVDD) is substantially equal to the device supply potential (DVDD) of the electronic device, and in said second supply circuitry operational mode said switch is open so that said voltage regulator provides the sensing arrangement supply potential (SVDD) to said sensing arrangement.

11. The fingerprint sensing system according to claim 1, wherein:
said sensing arrangement is included in a first integrated circuit; and
said device connection interface and said supply circuitry are included in a second integrated circuit coupled to said first integrated circuit.

12. The fingerprint sensing system according to claim 11, wherein:
said first integrated circuit further comprises a sensing arrangement interface; and
said second integrated circuit further comprises a sensor connection interface connected to said sensing arrangement interface.

13. The fingerprint sensing system according to claim 1, wherein:
said sensing arrangement, said device connection interface, and said supply circuitry are included in a single integrated circuit.

14. An electronic device comprising:
the fingerprint sensing system according to claim 1; and
processing circuitry configured to:
acquire said fingerprint pattern signal from the fingerprint sensing system via said device connection interface;
authenticate a user based on said fingerprint pattern signal; and
perform at least one action only if said user is authenticated based on said fingerprint pattern signal.

15. A method of controlling a fingerprint sensing system comprising:
a device connection interface for connection of said fingerprint sensing system to an electronic device, said device connection interface including a device reference potential input for receiving a device reference potential from said electronic device;
a sensing arrangement including:
a plurality of sensing structures, each being covered by a dielectric structure and being arranged to capacitively couple to said finger when said finger is placed on said dielectric structure; and
read-out circuitry connected to each of said sensing structures in such a way that said sensing structure potential follows a sensing reference potential of said sensing arrangement; and
a sensing arrangement controller for controlling said sensing arrangement between at least a first sensing arrangement operational mode requiring a first supply of power to said sensing arrangement and a second sensing arrangement operational mode requiring a second supply of power, higher than said first supply of power, to said sensing arrangement; and

supply circuitry connected to said sensing arrangement for providing said sensing reference potential to said sensing arrangement, said supply circuitry includes a supply circuit controller for controlling said supply circuit between a first supply circuitry operational mode in which said supply circuitry is capable of providing, to said sensing arrangement, at least said first supply of power and a second supply circuitry operational mode in which said supply circuitry is capable of providing, to said sensing arrangement, at least said second supply of power;
said method comprising the steps of:
a) providing, to said sensing arrangement, at least said first supply of power;
b) providing, to said supply circuitry, a power state signal indicative of a future transition of said sensing arrangement from said first operational mode to said second operational mode;
c) controlling said supply circuitry to transition from said first supply circuitry operational mode to said second supply circuitry operational mode in response to said power state signal.