IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE

AT JACKSON

On Brief September 20, 2005

STATE OF TENNESSEE ex rel., SHANNON NICOLE FARMER v.

RODERICK LAMONT PARSON

A Direct Appeal from the Juvenile Court for Shelby County

No. N9456 The Honorable Herbert L. Lane, Special Judge

No. W2004-02588-COA-R3-JV - Filed November 30, 2005

This is a Title IV child support case. The State appeals from the trial court’s Order forgiving

Father/Appellee’s child support arrears because Father/Appellee allegedly made support payments

directly to the mother. The trial court made no findings to support a deviation from the child support

guidelines as required by T.C.A. §36-2-311 (Supp. 2004). Consequently, we reverse and remand.

Tenn. R. App. P. 3; Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Juvenile Court is Reversed and

Remanded

W. FRANK CRAWFORD, P.J., W.S., delivered the opinion of the court, in which DAVID R. FARMER,

J. and HOLLY M. KIRBY, J., joined.

Paul G. Summers, Attorney General and Reporter; Warren Jasper, Assistant Attorney General, For

Appellant, State of Tennessee ex rel., Shannon Nicole Farmer

No appearance by Appellee.

OPINION

Shannon Nicole Farmer is the mother of JeremyRyan Farmer (d.o.b. 9/29/99) and Roderick

Lamont Farmer (d.o.b. 01/30/01). On December 4, 2002, Ms. Farmer petitioned the Juvenile Court

of Shelby County to establish Roderick Lamont Parson (“Appellee”) as the natural father of the two

children. Paternity tests revealed that Mr. Parson was the biological father of Roderick Lamont

Farmer but excluded him as the father of Jeremy Ryan Farmer. The Referee of the Juvenile Court

(“Referee”) entered his Findings and Recommendations on May 6, 2003. The Findings and

Recommendations read, in relevant part, as follows:

The defendant, Roderick Lamont Parson, having failed to appear in

Court after having been properly summoned, and upon motion of the

petitioner for judgment by default, and upon proof introduced
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including a positive DNA test and the entire record, the Referee finds

that the defendant is the natural father of said child(ren).

IT IS THEREFORE RECOMMENDED

1. That the petition be dismissed with prejudice as [to] Jeremy Ryan

Farmer, born September 29, 1999 due to the defendant having been

excluded by DNA tests.

2. That Roderick Lamont Farmer shall be a legitimate child(ren) of

the defendant for purpose of inheritance, support, and all other lawful

purposes and that custody of Ro[derick] Lamont [Farmer] be awarded

to mother.

3. That the defendant pay all medical expenses incident to the birth

of Ro[derick] Lamont Farmer and that he pay $348.00 monthly, to the

Central Child Support Receipting Unit...toward the support of said

child(ren) beginning on [] June 1, 2003, and that future payments be

made by income assignment. Unless specifically ordered by the

Court, such support shall not be reduced or prorated.

* * *

6. That the retroactive child support be established at $9,326.00 to be

repaid at the rate of $50.00 monthly.

These Findings and Recommendations were confirmed as the decree of the Juvenile Court. On May

12, 2003, Mr. Parson requested a hearing before the trial court. A hearing was held on November

6, 2003. At that hearing, the following, relevant testimony, was adduced:

THE COURT: Were you [Ms. Farmer] receiving benefits for all the

children during–during this period of time?

MS. FARMER: Yes.

THE COURT: Were you receiving any assistance from the fathers of

those children?

MS. FARMER: Well, he’s [Mr. Parson] been taking care of both of

them...from the other father.

THE COURT: He was taking care of both of the children?
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MS. FARMER: Yes, sir.

* * *

THE COURT: All right. Sir, the support that was set in this case,

$348 a month, seems to be an appropriate amount of support.

However, based upon her testimony today that you have provided her

with support during the period of time for the–the date of the birth of

the child until entry of this order, I will show that it’s retroactive

support which was established at $9,326. You will receive credit for

the same amount, leaving an arrearage at zero.

However, you are still receiving benefits from the State, which

means that the State is entitled to some reimbursement for those

benefits. So you will have to continue to pay this $348 per month

until such time as you resolve all those issues with the State.

* * *

MR. MURRELL: Your Honor, on behalf of the State, I would assert

that the Court’s ruling inhibits the ability of the State to recover

monies that are owed to it by giving a credit that--

THE COURT: I understood that, Mr. Murrell. But for two years, this

man has been supporting not only this woman’s child, but another

child that she had by another man. So in fairness to him, it would

seem to me that he should be given some credit for the amount of

money that he has paid directly to her.

On November 6, 2003, the trial court entered an Order, which reads, in pertinent part, as follows:

IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED

1. That the Referee’s ruling of May 6, 2003, be and is hereby

reconfirmed as the decree of this Court with the exception of the

amount of retroactive child support.

2. That the retroactive child support be established at $0.00.

On November 26, 2003, the State of Tennessee (“State,” or “Appellant”) filed a “Motion to

Alter or Amend,” which was heard by the trial court on September 7, 2004. On September 7, 2004,

the trial court entered its Order dismissing the State’s Motion. The State appeals and raises one issue
 Mr. Parson filed no brief in this appeal. 1

 We note that this statute has been modified at T.C.A. §36-5-101(d)(7) (2005). However, the relevant

2

requirements of the statute are the same since T.C.A. §36-5-101(d)(7), like its 2004 counterpart, states that “[n]o credit

shall be given to an obligor for any payments made by the obligor or by another person on behalf of the obligor, directly

to an obligee or the obligor’s child or children....”

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for review as stated in its brief: Whether retroactive child support was unlawfully established at

$0.00 by the Juvenile Court?

1

From our review of the record, it appears that the trial court “forgave” Mr. Parson’s child

support arrears because Mr. Parson allegedly supported both of Ms. Farmer’s children by paying

monies directly to her. In so doing, the trial court effectively condoned an agreement between the

parents of this minor child whereby the father was allowed to circumvent his obligation to pay

retroactive child support. The record, however, is devoid of any evidence to support the trial court’s

decision. In the first instance, it is not clear from the record that Mr. Parson paid any amount of

support to Ms. Farmer. And, even if we assume, arguendo, that he did make such payments, there

is no indication as to the amount(s) of same. Nonetheless, T.C.A. § 36-5-101(a)(4)(E) (Supp. 2004)2

states, in relevant part, that: 

In all Title IV-D child support cases, child support payments shall be

made by the obligor to the clerk of court, or the department.... In

Title IV-D child support cases...no credit shall be given to an obligor

for any payments made by the obligor or by another person on behalf

of the obligor, directly to an obligee or the obligor’s child or children

unless the obligee remits the payment to the department or the

participating clerk....

Regardless of whether there was any agreement between Mr. Parson and Ms. Farmer

concerning support for this child, T.C.A. §36-2-311(Supp. 2004) requires the trial court to determine

any retroactive child support according to the guidelines or, if the court deviates from same, to make

written findings to support the deviation, to wit:

36-2-311. Order of parentage.– (a) Upon establishing parentage,

the court shall make an order declaring the father of the child. This

order shall include the following:

* * *

11(A) Determination of child support pursuant to chapter 5 of this

title. When making retroactive support awards pursuant to the child

support guidelines established pursuant to subsection (a), the court

shall consider the following factors as a basis for deviation from the

presumption in the child support guidelines that child and medical
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support for the benefit of the child shall be awarded retroactively to

the date of the child’s birth:

* * *

(B) In cases in which the presumption of the application of the

guidelines is rebutted by clear and convincing evidence, the court

shall deviate from the child support guidelines to reduce, in whole or

in part, any retroactive support. The court must make a written

finding that application of the guidelines would be unjust or

inappropriate in order to provide for the best interests of the child or

the equity between the parties.

(Emphasis added).

Here, the trial court deviated from the child support guidelines in setting retroactive child

support at $0.00. However, in so doing, the court made no written findings as to why such deviation

was necessary. Consequently, we reverse the trial court’s order and remand for either a

determination of retroactive child support according to the guidelines or an entry of written findings

to justify a deviation from those guidelines pursuant to the criteria outlined in T.C.A. §36-2-311.

Accordingly, we reverse the Order of the trial court and remand for such further proceedings

as may be necessary consistent with this Opinion. Costs of this appeal are assessed against the

Appellee, Roderick Lamont Parson.

__________________________________________

W. FRANK CRAWFORD, PRESIDING JUDGE, W.S.