2021 IL App (2d) 180705-U 

No. 2-18-0705 

Order filed February 23, 2021

NOTICE: This order was filed under Supreme Court Rule 23(b) and is not precedent 

except in the limited circumstances allowed under Rule 23(e)(1).

______________________________________________________________________________ 

IN THE

APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS

SECOND DISTRICT

______________________________________________________________________________ 

THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE ) Appeal from the Circuit Court

OF ILLINOIS, ) of Lake County. 

) 

Plaintiff-Appellee, ) 

) 

v. ) No. 12-CF-3315 

) 

JAMES K. DANIELS, ) Honorable 

) Mark L. Levitt, 

Defendant-Appellant. ) Judge, Presiding.

______________________________________________________________________________ 

JUSTICE HUDSON delivered the judgment of the court.

Justices McLaren and Brennan concurred in the judgment.

ORDER

¶ 1 Held: Postconviction counsel failed to file a certificate under Rule 651(c), and the record 

did not affirmatively demonstrate compliance with the rule. Specifically, there was 

no showing that counsel reviewed the record of the trial court proceedings. Vacated 

and remanded for compliance with the rule.

¶ 2 On August 4, 2015, defendant, James K. Daniels, filed a pro se postconviction petition 

under the Post-Conviction Hearing Act (Act) (725 ILCS 5/122 et seq. (West 2014)), seeking relief 

from his convictions of burglary (720 ILCS 5/19-1(a) (West 2012)). On December 1, 2015, the 

trial court appointed the Lake County Public Defender’s Office to represent defendant in the 

postconviction proceedings. On May 4, 2017, the State was granted leave to file its motion to 
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dismiss defendant’s petition. Postconviction counsel made no amendments to defendant’s petition 

and did not file a response to the State’s motion. On August 23, 2018, the court granted the State’s 

motion and dismissed the petition. On appeal, defendant argues that the second-stage dismissal of 

his petition must be vacated and the matter remanded for further proceedings, with the appointment 

of new counsel, because postconviction counsel did not file a certificate pursuant to Illinois 

Supreme Court Rule 651(c) (eff. July 1, 2017) and the record does not otherwise show compliance 

with the rule. We agree. 

¶ 3 The Act provides a method by which persons under criminal sentence can assert that their 

convictions were the result of a substantial denial of their federal or state constitutional rights. 725 

ILCS 5/122-1(a)(1) (West 2018); People v. Kirkpatrick, 2012 IL App (2d) 100898, ¶ 10. The Act 

establishes a three-stage process for the adjudication of a postconviction petition. People v. 

Boclair, 202 Ill. 2d 89, 99 (2002). At the first stage, the trial court has 90 days to review the petition 

without the input of any party, and it may summarily dismiss the petition if it finds it to be frivolous 

or patently without merit. 725 ILCS 5/122-2.1(a)(2) (West 2018); Kirkpatrick, 2012 IL App (2d) 

100898, ¶ 11. If a petition is not summarily dismissed at the first stage, it advances to the second 

stage, where an indigent petitioner can obtain appointed counsel. 725 ILCS 5/122-2.1(b), 122-4 

(West 2018); Kirkpatrick, 2012 IL App (2d) 100898, ¶ 12. “[A]fter counsel has made any 

necessary amendments to the petition, the State may move to dismiss it. [Citations.] If the State 

moves to dismiss, the trial court may hold a dismissal hearing, which is still part of the second 

stage. [Citation.]” Kirkpatrick, 2012 IL App (2d) 100898, ¶ 13. If the defendant makes a 

substantial showing of a constitutional violation, the petition advances to the third stage where the 

trial court conducts an evidentiary hearing. 725 ILCS 5/122-6 (West 2018); Boclair, 202 Ill. 2d at 

100. 
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¶ 4 There is no constitutional right to effective assistance of counsel in postconviction 

proceedings. People v. Suarez, 224 Ill. 2d 37, 42 (2007). The right to counsel in postconviction 

proceedings is statutory (725 ILCS 5/122-4 (West 2018)), and the Act provides for a reasonable 

level of assistance. 725 ILCS 5/122-1 et seq. (West 2018)); Suarez, 224 Ill. 2d at 42. Rule 651(c)

(eff. July 1, 2017) is meant to ensure that petitioners receive a reasonable level of assistance.

Suarez, 224 Ill. 2d at 42. The rule requires:

“The record filed in th[e] court shall contain a showing, which may be made by the 

certificate of petitioner’s attorney, that the attorney has consulted with petitioner by phone, 

mail, electronic means or in person to ascertain his or her contentions of deprivation of 

constitutional rights, has examined the record of the proceedings at the trial, and has made 

any amendments to the petitions filed pro se that are necessary for an adequate presentation 

of petitioner’s contentions.” Ill. S. Ct. Rule 651(c) (eff. July 1, 2017). 

¶ 5 Substantial compliance with the duties set forth in Rule 651(c) is mandatory. People v. 

Lander, 215 Ill. 2d 577, 584 (2005). Postconviction counsel may show compliance by filing a Rule 

651(c) certificate. Id. Filing a Rule 651(c) certificate gives rise to a rebuttable presumption that 

counsel complied with the rule and provided reasonable assistance. People v. Profit, 2012 IL App 

(1st) 101307, ¶ 19. Failure to file a Rule 651(c) certificate is harmless error if the record 

demonstrates that counsel adequately fulfilled the required duties. Lander, 215 Ill. 2d at 584. While 

failure to certify compliance by filing a certificate can be harmless error (id.), failure to actually 

comply with the rule cannot (id. at 585). Once a petitioner survives the first stage, he is entitled to 

the reasonable assistance of counsel to help him adequately present his claims. Suarez, 224 Ill. 2d 

at 46. The statute cannot fulfill its purpose without requiring counsel to provide this basic level of 
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assistance. Id. Thus, where counsel fails to provide reasonable assistance, remand is required, 

regardless of whether the claims raised in the pro se and amended petitions are viable. Id. at 47.

¶ 6 Here, postconviction counsel did not file a Rule 651(c) certificate; therefore, there is no 

presumption that defendant received reasonable assistance of counsel. Thus, the issue is whether, 

despite counsel’s failure to file a Rule 651(c) certificate, the record demonstrates that counsel 

complied with the requirements of Rule 651(c). It does not.

¶ 7 Under Rule 651(c) (eff. July 1, 2017), postconviction counsel must “examine[] the record 

of the proceedings at the trial.” We agree with defendant that there is no affirmative showing in 

the record that postconviction counsel did so here. The State argues otherwise, pointing to two 

comments made by counsel. On April 22, 2016, counsel asked the trial court for “a little bit more 

time to review everything.” On March 20, 2017, after six continuances, counsel stated: “I am ready 

to proceed to [the] second stage. I will not file anything, but I’ll proceed on his previously filed 

motion—or PCP.” The State asserts that, by these comments, counsel “inform[ed] the court that 

she had completed her review and was prepared to move forward with [defendant’s] claims.” We 

disagree with the State’s generous interpretation. To agree with the State’s position would require 

us to speculate, first, that “everything” meant “the record of the proceedings at the trial” (Ill. S. Ct. 

R. 651(c) (eff. July 1, 2017). Indeed, “everything” could have referred to defendant’s pro se filings. 

And, even if “everything” referred to the trial court record, we would have to speculate that 

counsel’s statement, made almost a year later, that she was “ready to proceed to [the] second 

stage,” meant that counsel had examined the trial court record. Such speculation is insufficient to 

show compliance with Rule 651(c). See People v. Jennings, 345 Ill. App. 3d 265, 271-72 (2003) 

(rejecting as nothing more than speculation the State’s argument that postconviction counsel’s 

itemized bill, showing that counsel reviewed the defendant’s file, established that counsel 
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examined the trial court record as required under Rule 651(c)). At no point did the court ask 

counsel if she examined the trial court record, and counsel never affirmatively stated that she had.

¶ 8 Because the record does not affirmatively demonstrate that postconviction counsel 

examined the trial court record, we cannot conclude that defendant received the reasonable 

assistance of counsel required in a second-stage postconviction proceeding, and thus a remand is 

required. Given that our conclusion on the issue of counsel’s failure to examine the trial court 

record is dispositive, we need not consider defendant’s additional arguments that counsel failed to 

consult with him to ascertain his contentions of deprivation of constitutional rights and failed to 

make any necessary amendments to his pro se petition.

¶ 9 Accordingly, the judgment of the circuit court of Lake County is vacated and the cause is 

remanded with directions to appoint new postconviction counsel and to allow defendant to replead 

his postconviction petition. See People v. Schlosser, 2017 IL App (1st) 150355, ¶ 36 (“it was error 

to reappoint the same APD [assistant public defender] after this court found that his representation 

was unreasonable”). 

¶ 10 Vacated and remanded with directions.