2009 D e c i sion s O p inion s of the U nit e d S t at e s C our t of Appe al s for the Third C irc uit 9-28-2009 

# Eliz a b eth Liggon-Redding v

. W i lling b oro T wp P re c e de nt i al or N on-P re c e de nt i al : N on-P re c e de nt i al D ocke t N o . 08-1802

F o llow thi s and a ddit ion al works at : http://digit alc ommon s .l a w . vill anova . e du/thirdc ircuit_2009

Thi s de c i sion i s brou ght t o you for f re e and ope n a c c e s s by the O p inion s of the U nit e d S t at e s C our t of Appe al s for the Third C irc uit at V ill anova U nive r sity S choo l of L a

w Di git al Reposit ory

. It h as be e n a c c ept e d for inclusion in 2009 D e c i sion s by an authori z e d a dmini s trat or of V ill anova U nive r sity S choo l of L a

w Di git al Reposit ory

. F or more inform at ion, p le as e c ont a ct Be n j amin . C arl s on@l a

w . vill anova . e du . Re c omme nde d C it at ion " Eli za be th L i ggon-Re dding v

. W illing boro T wp " (2009). 2009 D e cisio n s . P ape r 592. http://di git alc ommon s .l a

w . vill anova . e du/thirdc ircuit_2009/5921 NO T P RE CE DE N TI AL UN I TED STATES CO UR T OF A PP EALS F O R T H E T H IR D C IR C U IT

___________ N o. 08- 1802

____________ E L I Z AB E T H L I GGON- RE DDI NG, A ppel l ant vs. W I LL I NGBORO TOW NSHI P ; W I LL I AM R. TANTUM , ASS ES S OR; SA L L Y L A N D R Y ; K U E N Y , B A D G E # 156; W H I T E , B A D G E # 161

____________________________________ O n A p p ea l Fro m the U n it ed S tat es D istri ct C o u rt

Forthe D i s tr i ctof N ew J er s ey ( D . C . C i v. N os . 06- cv- 03129) D i s tr i ctJ udge: H onor abl e R obertB . K ugl er

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N o. 08- 1803

___________ E L I Z AB E T H L I GGON- RE DDI NG, A ppel l ant vs. CO NG RESS TI TLE; KEY PROPERTI ES GM AC REA LTY

____________________________________ O n A p p ea l Fro m the U n it ed S tat es D istri ct C o u rt

Forthe D i s tr i ctof N ew J er s ey ( D . C . C i v. N o. 07- cv- 01863)2 D i s tr i ctJ udge: H onor abl e R obertB . K ugl er

_______________________________________ Subm i tt ed Pur s uantt o T hi r d C i r cui tL A R 34. 1( a)

J une 2, 2009 B efor e: C hi ef Judge SC I R I C A , C H A G A R E S and W E I S, C i r cui tJ udges

O pi ni on Fi l ed: Sept ember28, 2009

____________ OP I NI ON

____________ P E R C U R I A M.

P lai n ti ff E li za b eth L igg o n -R ed d ing ap p ea ls th e D istri ct C o u rt ’s ord ers di s m i s s i ng herthr ee c om pl ai nt s . W e have cons ol i dat ed hertw o appea l s fordi s pos i t i on and w i l l aff

i rm the D i s tr i ctC ourt ’ s or derof J ul y17, 2007 i n ( 06- cv- 3129) . W e w ill vaca t e the C ourt ’ s or der s of M ar ch 7, 2008 i n (06 -cv -31 2 9 ) and (07 -cv -18 6 3 ) and r emand forfurtherpr ocee di ngs cons i s t entw i th thi s opi ni on. I . A n u n d e rsta n d in g o f

th e c o m p lica ted n a tu re o f th e p lain tiff ’s a p p e a ls r equi r es a r evi ew of the bac kgr ound ci r cumst ance s . T yr one R eddi ng i s a di s abl ed vet er an o f th e V ietn am W ar. H e re ce ives co m p en sati o n fro m the D ep artm en t of V eteran s A ff

airs (“ V A ” ) w h ich is p a y a b le to h is m o th e r M a rle n e R e d d in g , w h o th e V A h a s e n tru ste d a s h is fi duci ary . A s a di s abl ed vet er an, M r . R eddi ng i s al s o ent i t l ed t o a pr opertyt ax exe m pt i on u n d er N ew Jerse ylaw . S ee N . J. S . A . 5 4 :4-3 . 3 0 (a).

I n 1977, M r . R eddi ng m arr i ed pl ai nt i ff. T heyl i ved i n pr opertyl ocat ed atA ta M a y 2 3 , 2 0 0 6 h e a r i n g i n f r o n to f th e T a x C o u r to f

th e S t a t e o f

N e w J e r s e y, 1 A ppel l at e D i vi s i on, the fol l ow i ng excha nge occ urr ed, “ T h e C o u rt: M r. A n d M rs. R e d d in g , y o u h a v e to under s t and [W i l l i ngbor o T ow ns hi p i s ] gonna kee p on try i ng [t o chal l enge M r . R eddi ng’ s el i gi bi l i tyfora di s abl ed 3 8 2 H a m ilto n L a n e in W illin g b o ro T o w n s h ip , N e w J e rs e y .

T i t l e t o the 82 H ami l t on L ane pr opertyhad bee n tr ans ferr ed fr om E dgar Ro b i n s o n t o “ E l i z a b e th Ho u s e [ th e p l a i n t i f f’ s f o rme rn a me ] i n tru s tf

o rS t e wa r tA. L ig g o n , J R .” o n O c to b e r 3 1 , 1 9 7 7 .

O n J anuary19, 1998, pl ai nt i ff c onvey ed the t i t l e t o “T. N . R eddi ng [her h u sb a n d ], E tu x .” P lain tiff sta ted in th e D istric t C o u rt th a t sh e tra n sf e rre d th e p ro p e rtyto M r . R eddi ng “s o w e coul d getthe [ve t er an’ s ] pr opertyt ax exe m pt i on. ”

W il li n g b o ro T o w n sh ip’s T ax A sses so r, W il li am R . T an tum , d en ied M r. R eddi ng the t ax exe m pt i on fors ever al y ear s on the bas i s thathe had notes t abl i s hed that 8 2 H am il ton L an e w as h is do m ici le. T an tum justi fied h is de cisi o n w ith ev iden ce that M r. R eddi ng s penta cons i der abl e amountof t i m e athi s m other ’ s hom e i n Penns y l vani a.

T he t ax di s put e w as fi nal l yr es ol ved w hen the Super i orC ourtof N ew J er s ey , A ppel l at e D i vi s i on, hel d thatM r . R eddi ng w as ent i t l ed t o the exe m pt i on. See T w p . o f W il li n g b o ro v . R ed d ing , N o . A -53 5 6 -05 T 1 , 2 0 0 7 W L 2 5 0 3 7 9 , at *2 (N . J. S u p er. C t. A p p . D iv . J a n . 3 1 , 2 0 0 7 ).

D u ri n g the p en d en cyo f th e tax ca se, th e R ed d ing s stated th at th eyw ere goi ng t o s el l the 82 H ami l t on L ane pr emi s es , and theyi ndeed c onvey ed i ton J une 30, 1vet er an’ s pr opertyt ax exe m pt i on] and they ’ r e ent i t l ed t o do that ev eryy ea r.

M r . R eddi ng: I ’ m s el l i ng thatpl ace [82 H am il ton L an e].

M s. [L igg o n -]R ed d ing : Y o u r – Y o u r H o n o r, w e ’r e m o v in g . W e ’r e s e llin g th e h o u s e a n d w e ’r e g o n e . W e’ r e not– M r. R edd i ng : I’ m no tgo [i ng ] throug h thi s.

T he C our t : W el l – M s. [ L ig g o n -]R e d d in g : –g o [ in g ] th ro u g h th is no m or e. T h e C o u rt : – tha t m aym ak e M r. T an tum v ery happy , I don’ tknow , but–

M s . [Li ggon- ] R eddi ng: A nd us t oo. T h e C o u rt: –b u t th e yd o h a v e th e rig h t to d o it ev eryy ea r. M s . [Li ggon- ] R eddi ng: T hank y ou, Y our H o n o r. T h e C o u r t : O k a y.

M r. R ed d ing : I ’l l be g o n e so m eti m e this y ea r. M s . [ L ig g o n -] R e d d in g : Y o u g o t r id o f u s . W e ’re o u t. M r . R eddi ng: T hank y ou.

M s . [ L ig g o n -] R e d d in g : T h a n k y o u s o m u c h . Y e s , M r. T a n tu m , y o u c a n c o lle c t ta x e s f ro m th e n e x t p e o p le . W e ’re o u t. Y o u g o t w h a t y o u w a n ted . Y o u w a n ted u s o u t.

T h e C o u rt : I t’ s b e e n a re a lly f ru itf u l m o rn in g .” 4 2 0 0 6 . O n Ju ly1 6 , 2 0 0 6 , p lain tiff f iled su it i n th e D istric t C o u rt. H e r c o m p lain t, d o c k e ted a t ( 06- cv- 3127) , named Fi del i tyN at i onal T i t l e, C ongr es s T i t l e D i vi s i on, the c lo sin g a g e n t f

o r th e sa le o f

th e p ro p e rty ; it s p a re n t co m p a n y , F id e lityN a tio n a l T itl e I ns ur ance C om pany ; and K eyPr opert i es G M A C R eal E s t at e, a r eal es t at e age ncyT h e f o llo w in g e x c h a n g e o c c u rre d a t a J u n e 1 , 2 0 0 7 h e a rin g b e f o re th e D istric t C o u rt: 2 “[The C ourt : ] W ho gotthe moneyfr om the s al e [of 82 H am il ton L an e]? [M r s . L i ggon- R eddi ng: ] M yhus band.

. . . [ T h e C o u r t : ] W h a td i d h e d o w i th th e m o n e y? [M r s . L i ggon- R eddi ng: ] H e gave i tt o m ys on. ” 5 in v o lv e d in th e tra n sa c tio n , as d e f e n d a n ts. S h e a ss e rte d th a t th e H a m ilt o n L a n e p ro p e rty w as s ol d w i thouthercons entand thats he w as defr auded i nt o s i gni ng document s . She al s o cl ai m ed the r i ghtt o $10, 000 i n an es cr ow acc ountes t abl i s hed atthe s ett l ementof the pr operty . I n a l at erpr ocee di ng befor e the D i s tr i ctC ourt , pl ai nt i ff a dm i t t ed thather hus band r ece i ved the pr ocee ds of the s al e of 82 H ami l t on L ane a nd thatM r . R eddi ng g a v e th a t m o n e yto th e p lain tiff ’s s o n S tew a rt. 2

T he D i s tr i ctC ourtdi s m i s s ed the compl ai nti n (06 -cv -31 2 7 ) forl ack of s u b j e c tm a tt e rj u r i s d i c t i o n . L i g g o n - R e d d i n g v . C o n g . T i t l e , N o . 0 6 - 3 1 2 7 , 2 0 0 7 WL 4 3 2 9 8 5 , a t * 1 (D .N .J . F e b . 1 , 2 0 0 7 ). O n a p p e a l, w e d is m is s e d p u rs u a n t to 2 8 U .S .C . § 1 9 1 5 (e )( 2 )( B ). L ig g o n -R e d d in g v . C o n g . T itle , 2 2 9 F e d . A p p x . 1 0 5 (3 d C ir . 2 0 0 7 ).

T h e p re se n t ap p e a ls in v o lv e th re e su its th a t p lain tiff su b se q u e n tlyf

iled in th e D istric t C o u rt. In th e a m e n d e d c o m p lain t f iled a t ( 06- cv- 3129) , W il li n g b o ro T ow ns hi p and Tantum ar e named as defe ndant s . Pl ai nt i ff a l l eges thats he and he r hus band w er e depr i ved of qui etenj oym entof thei rhom e bec aus e the Tow ns hi p and T a n tu m ’s a lleg e d d isc rim in a to rya c ts in a ttem p tin g to c o llec t tax e s c a u se d M r. R e d d in g to s e ll th e irh o u s e a g a in s t h e r w is h e s .R a c k e te e r I n f lu e n c e d a n d C o rru p t O rg a n iz a tio n s A c t, P u b . L . 9 1 -4 5 2 , 8 4 S ta t. 9 4 1 . 3 O n J une 11, 2008, M r s . L i ggon- R eddi ng al s o fi l ed s ui ti n the Super i orC ourtof N ew 4 J er s ey , B ur l i ngt on C ounty , C hance ryD i vi s i on, agai ns tal l of the def endant s named i n ( 07- cv- 1863) exce ptK l ei n. She as s ert ed a c l ai m t o qui ett i t l e t o 82 H ami l t on L ane a nd a cl ai m pur s uantt o the N ew J er s eyC ons um erFr aud A ct , N . J . S. A . § 56: 8- 1 et s eq. T he cas e w as di s m i s s ed w i th pr ej udi ce on Sept ember12, 2008. R eddi ng v. Fi d. N at ’ l T i t l e, N o . C -7 7 -0 8 , s lip o p . a t 1 (N .J . S u p e r. C t. B u rl in g to n C o u n ty C h . D iv . S e p t. 1 2 , 2 0 0 8 ). T he C our thel d thatM r s . L i ggon- R eddi ng’ s cl ai m s w er e “ba rr ed bythe doctr i nes of r es j udi cata a n d c o l l a t e r a l e s t o p p e l , a s th i s ma t t e ri s t a n t a mo u n tt o r e - l i t i g a t i o n o f th e s a me cl ai m s and i s s ues thathave be en r ai s ed and br oughtt o fi nal j udgm enton the mer i t s [i n the D is tr ic t C o u rt ].” Id . a t 2 . W e a re n o t a w a re o f a n ya p p e a l o f

th a t c a s e . 6 T h e p lain tiff ’s c o m p lain t at ( 07- cv- 1863) as s ert ed a RICO cl ai m pur s uant 3 t o 18 U . S. C . §§ 1961- 1968 agai ns tA nthonyB al boni , L i nda H ul l er , T ahi rZ aman, K r i s t i ne L a P o in te, C h a rle s W e x to n , E sq ., a n d O re n K lein , E sq . A c c o rd in g to th e c o m p lain t, B albo n i, H u ll er, an d Z am an are em p loy ed b yK eyP rop erti es; L aP o inte an d W ex ton are empl oy ees of C ongr es s T i t l e; and K l ei n m i s r epr es ent ed hi m s el f as an att orneyforK ey P ro p e rties . P lain tiff

a lleg e s th a t th e se d e f

e n d a n ts c o m m itt e d n u m e ro u s a c ts o f f ra u d in c o n n e c tio n w ith th e sa le o f th e f a m ilyh o m e , “e n listed W ill in g b o ro P o lice O f f ice rs to H ar as s , Fr i ght en, and Thre at en [pl ai nt i ff] i nt o notpur s ui ng J us t i ce, ” and “ have a l l got t en to g e th e r t o tryto c o v e r u p th e iro n g o in g f ra u d u le n t a n d ille g a l a c tiv itie s .” 4 H er f inal co m p lai n t, w h ich w as o ri g inallyen tered in the D istri ct C o u rt ’s d o c k e t at ( 07- cv- 1890 ) a n d su b se q u e n tlyc o n so lid a ted w ith h e r su it at ( 06- cv- 3129) , as s ert ed a RICO cl ai m agai ns tW i l l i ngbor o T ow ns hi p; T antum ; W i l l i ngbor o pol i ce o f f ic e rs L a n d ry, K u e n y , a n d W h ite ; a s w e ll a s n u m e ro u s J o h n D o e d e f e n d a n ts .F e d . R . C iv . P . 4 1 (b ) p ro v id e s, “ [ i]f th e p lain tiff

f a ils to p ro se c u te o r to c o m p lyw ith 5 th e se ru les o r a c o u rt o rd e r, a d e f e n d a n t m a ym o v e to d ism iss th e a c tio n o r a n yc laim agai ns ti t . U nl es s the di s m i s s al or ders t at es otherw i s e, a di s m i s s al underthi s s ubdi vi s i on

. . . oper at es as an adj udi cat i on on the mer i t s . ” 7 A ccor di ng t o the compl ai nt , the Tow ns hi p, T antum , the named pol i ce of fi cer s , and the D o e d e f e n d a n ts c o m m itte d a s e ri e s o f w ro n g f u l a c ts a g a in s t p la in tif

f a n d h e r f

a m ily. T he D i s tr i ctC ourtdi s m i s s ed the pl ai nt i ff’ s amended compl ai ntthatw as f iled a t ( 06- cv- 3129) forl ack of s t andi ng. H ercompl ai nt s thatw er e or i gi nal l yent er ed i n th e d o c k e t at ( 07- cv- 1863) and ( 07- cv- 1890) w e re d ism iss e d a s a sa n c tio n p u rsu a n t to Fed. R . C i v. P. 41( b) becaus e the pl ai nt i ff’ s fai l ur e t o compl yw i th num er ous R ul es of 5 Ci v i l P r o c e d u r e a n d c o u r to r d e r s i n p r o s e c u t i n g h e rc o mp l a i n t s wa rr a n t e d “ th e e x tr e me s anct i on of di s m i s s al . ” II.

In d e c id in g to im p o se th e sa n c tio n o f d ism iss a l o f

th e p lain tiff ’s c o m p lain ts th a t w e re f

iled a t ( 07- cv- 1863) and ( 07- cv- 1890) , the D istric t C o u rt c o n sid e re d th e P o u lis fac t or s . See Poul i s v. St at e Farm Fi r e & C as . C o. , 747 F. 2d 863, 868 ( 3d C i r . 1984) . B ut a Ru l e 4 1 ( b ) “ [ d ] i s mi s s a l i s a h a r s h r e me d ya n d s h o u l d b e r e s o rt e d t o i n o n l ye x tr e me cas es . ” M i ndek v. R i gatt i , 964 F. 2d 1369, 1373 ( 3d C i r . 1992) ( quot i ng M ar s hal l v. Si el aff , 492 F. 2d 917, 918 ( 3d C i r . 1974) ) . A l l doubt s s houl d be r es ol ved i n favorof rea ch ing a d ec isi o n o n the m erit s. S ee B ri sco e v . K laus , 2 5 2 , 2 5 7 (3d C ir . 2 0 0 8 ).

T he pl ai nt i ff’ s abus i ve l anguage and fa i l ur es t o heed he l pful s ugges t i ons8

have s or el yt axed the pat i ence of the D i s tr i ctC ourt , w hos e r es tr ai nthas been comm endabl e. N everthel es s w e pr efe rt o addr es s the mer i t s i n thi s cas e r atherthan im p o s e s a n c tio n s .

T h e p lain tiff ’s c o m p lain ts a t (07 -cv -18 6 3 ) and ( 07- cv- 1890) c o n t a i n two typ e s o f c laim s. T h e f

irst c o n sis ts o f

R IC O c laim s. A n e c e ss a rye lem e n t o f a c o g n iza b le R I C O cl ai m w her e the col l ect i on of an unl aw ful debti s notal l eged i s the pr es ence of “a patt ern of r acke t eer i ng act i vi ty . ” H . J . I nc. v. N w . B el l T el . C o. , 492 U . S. 229, 232 (19 8 9 ). A patt ern of r acke t eer i ng act i vi tyoccur s w hen a de fenda ntcomm i t s a s etof p re d ica te r a c k e tee rin g a c ts, se e 1 8 U .S .C . § 1 9 6 1 (1 ), th a t “a re re late d , an d . . . am o u n t to orpos e a thr eatof cont i nued cr i m i nal act i vi ty . ” Tabas v. T abas , 47 F. 3d 1280, 1292 ( 3d C i r . 1995) ( quot i ng H . J . I nc. , 492 U . S. at239) ( emphasi s om i t t ed) . C ont i nui tycan be pr oved bys how i ng “ei ther. . . a cl os ed per i od of r epea t ed conduc t , or. . . pas tconduct tha tbyi t s na tur e pr oj e c t s i nt o the fu tur e w i th a thr e a tof r e pe t i t i on . ” H . J . I nc . , 49 2 U. S. a t 2 4 1 . W e f

i n d n o b a s i s i n th e e x t e n s i v e p l e a d i n g s i n th i s c a s e f o ra n yRI CO claim s. P lai n ti ff

h as n o t al lege d a se t of p red icate rac k etee ri n g ac ts th at sati sfyR IC O ’s cont i nui tyr equi r ement . See i d. at242 ( “[p] r edi cat e ac t s ext endi ng overa fe w w eeks or m o n th s a n d th r e a t e n i n g n o f u tu r e c r i m i n a l c o n d u c td o n o ts a t i s f y [ R I C O ’ s c o n t i n u i ty] r equi r ement ”) . She ther efor e has nots t at ed a RICO cl ai m upon w hi ch r el i ef c an beW e n o te th a t th e p lain tiff h a s n o t d e m o n stra ted a n yp a rticu lar lyo b jec tio n a b le 6 c o n d u c t w ith re s p e c t to h e r e x c e s s iv e f o rc e c la im . 9 g r a n t e d . Up o n r e ma n d , th e Di s tr i c tCo u r ts h a l l d i s mi s s th e p l a i n t i f f’ s RI CO c l a i ms p u rs u a n t to R u le 1 2 (b )( 6 ).

T h e se c o n d typ e o f

c laim th a t ap p e a rs in th e c o m p lain ts f iled a t ( 07- cv1863) and ( 07- cv- 1890) i s one of the us e of e xces s i ve for ce bythe pol i ce a gai ns tthe pl ai nt i ff pe r s onal l y . She as s ert s thats he w as phy s i cal l yas s aul t ed dur i ng arr es t s that o c c u rr e d o n A u g u s t 2 9 a n d S e p te m b e r 2 1 , 2 0 0 6 .

A pr o s e c o m p lain t “is to b e lib e ra llyc o n stru e d . . . an d . . . m u st b e h e ld to l ess s tri ng ent s t and ards than form al pleadi ng s draft ed b yl aw y ers , ” E ri ckson v. P ardus, 5 5 1 U .S . 8 9 , 9 4 (2 0 0 7 ) ( q u o tin g E s te lle v . G a m b le , 4 2 9 U .S . 9 7 , 1 0 6 (1 9 7 6 )) . A ccor di ngl y , w e conc l ude thatthe pl ai nt i ff’ s pl eadi ngs ar e s uffi ci entt o s t at e an e xces s i ve for ce c l ai m under42 U . S. C . § 1983. T he D i s tr i ctC ourts hal l r ei ns t at e thi s cl ai m on r emand. 6 III .

T he D i s tr i ctC ourt ’ s di s m i s s ed the pl ai nt i ff’ s di s cr i m i nat i on cl ai m i n ( 06- cv -31 2 9 ) f

o rl a c k o f

s t a n d i n g . W e wi l l a f

f i rm. In h e r a m e n d e d c o m p lain t at ( 06- cv- 3129) , pl ai nt i ff a l l eged that W i l l i ngbor o T ow ns hi p and Tantum “att empt [ed] t o t ake a w aythe V et er ans T ax E xempt i on w hi ch herhus band i s ent i t l ed t o beca us e of hi s s ervi ce i n V i etN am” on the10

bas i s of M r . R eddi ng’ s r ace and di s abi l i ty . W hen pr es s ed bythe D i s tr i ctC ourtas t o w hy s he w as the partybr i ngi ng thi s cl ai m , pl ai nt i ff s t at ed thats he had a uthor i tyt o br i ng the cl ai m on behal f of M r . R eddi ng pur s uantt o a pow er - of- att orneyagr eement . H ow evers he w as unabl e t o pr ove thatM r . R eddi ng w as compet entw hen he e xecut ed the al l eged pow er - of- att orneyagr eement , and the D i s tr i ctC ourtdi s m i s s ed the compl ai ntforl ack of s ta n d in g . T h e D is tr ic t C o u rtp ro p e rl yd is m is s e d th is c o m p la in t. P r o s e p lai n ti ff s are gener al l ypr ohi bi t ed “f

r om pur s ui ng cl ai m s on behal f of other s i n a r epr es ent at i ve ca p ac ity . ” S im o n v . H artfo rd L ife, Inc., 5 4 6 F . 3 d 6 6 1 , 6 6 4 (9 C ir . 2 0 0 8 ). A s this C o u rt th h a s o b se rv e d , “[ i]t g o e s w ith o u t sa y in g th a t itis n o t in th e in ter e st o f . . . inc o m p e ten ts thattheybe r epr es ent ed bynon- att orney s . ” O s ei - A fr i y i e v. M ed. C ol l . of Pa. , 937 F. 2d 876, 883 ( 3d C i r . 1991) ( quot i ng C heung v. Y outh O r ches tr a Found. of B uffa l o, I nc. , 906 F . 2 d 5 9 , 6 1 (2d C ir . 1 9 9 0 )). I V.

I n s um , w e w i l l aff

i rm the D i s tr i ctC ourt ’ s J ul y17, 2007 or derdi s m i s s i ng th e p lain tiff ’s a m e n d e d c o m p lain t at ( 06- cv- 3129) . W e w i l l vaca t e the C our t ’ s M ar ch 7, 2008 or der s i n ( 07- cv- 1863) and ( 06- cv- 3129) di s m i s s i ng the pl ai nt i ff’ s compl ai nt s that w ere fi l ed at dock et s (07 -cv -18 6 3 ) and ( 07- cv- 1890) pur s uantt o R ul e 41( b) and r emand forfurtherpr ocee di ngs i n conform i tyw i th thi s opi ni on.