United States Department of Labor

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

__________________________________________

J.S., Appellant

and

U.S. POSTAL SERVICE, PORTLAND POST 

OFFICE, Portland, ME, Employer

__________________________________________

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Docket No. 23-0930

Issued: January 2, 2024

Appearances: Case Submitted on the Record

Appellant, pro se.

Office of Solicitor, for the Director

DECISION AND ORDER

Before:

ALEC J. KOROMILAS, Chief Judge

VALERIE D. EVANS-HARRELL, Alternate Judge

JAMES D. McGINLEY, Alternate Judge

JURISDICTION

On March 20, 2023

1 appellant filed a timely appeal from a September 28, 2022 merit

decision of the Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs (OWCP). Pursuant to the Federal

Employees’ Compensation Act2(FECA) and 20 C.F.R. §§ 501.2(c) and 501.3, the Board has

jurisdiction over the merits of this case.

3

1 Under the Board’s Rules of Procedure, an appeal must be filed within 180 daysfrom the date of the last OWCP 

decision. An appeal is considered filed upon receipt by the Clerk of the Appellate Boards. See20 C.F.R. § 501.3(e)(f). 

One hundred and eighty days from September 28, 2022, the date of OWCP’s decision, was May 27, 2023. Since using 

March 29, 2023, the date the appeal was received by the Clerk of the Appellate Boards, would result in the loss of 

appeal rights, the date of the postmark is considered the date of filing. The date of the U.S. Postal Service postmark

is March 20, 2023, which renders the appeal timely filed. See 20 C.F.R. § 501.3(f)(1).

2

5 U.S.C. § 8101 et seq.

3 The Board notes that, following the September 28, 2022 decision, OWCP received additional evidence. The 

Board’s Rules of Procedure provides: “The Board’s review of a case is limited to the evidence in the case record that 

was before OWCP at the time of its final decision. Evidence not before OWCP will not be considered by the Board 

for the first time on appeal.” 20 C.F.R. § 501.2(c)(1). Thus, the Board is precluded from reviewing this additional 

evidence for the first time on appeal. Id.
2

ISSUE

The issue is whether appellant has met his burden of proof to establish a right upper 

extremity condition causally related to the accepted February 7, 2022 employment incident.

FACTUAL HISTORY

On February 12, 2022 appellant, then a 60-year-old city carrier, filed a traumatic injury 

claim (Form CA-1) alleging that on February 7, 2022 he injured his right shoulder and arm when 

he bent over to lift a tub of mail and experienced a popping sensation in his arm and shoulder while 

in the performance of duty.4 He stopped work on that date. 

In support of his claim, appellant submitted a February 8, 2022 statement relating that he 

was casing mail and turned to pick up a quarter-full tub of flats when he felt his right arm and 

shoulder pop. He immediately reported the injury to his supervisor and continued to deliver 

approximately 75 packages and three loops of mail, until the pain increased to the point that he 

could no longer work. 

OWCP received an unsigned and undated authorization for examination and/or treatment 

(Form CA-16) providing a date of injury of February 7, 2022, and describing a right shoulder 

injury while lifting at work. In Part B of the Form CA-16, attending physician’s report, dated 

February 9, 2022, Dr. Anna Schmid, a Board-certified emergency medicine physician, related that 

appellant was injured on February 7, 2022 when he felt a pop while lifting a tub of flats. She 

diagnosed a right bicep and rotator cuff tear/partial tear and checked a box marked “Yes” to 

indicate that the condition was caused or aggravated by the employment activity described. 

In a February 9, 2022 visit note, prescription, and duty status report (Form CA-17),

Dr. Schmid diagnosed a right shoulder injury and held appellant off work until February 16, 2022. 

In a February 15, 2022 visit note and reports dated February 15 and March 3, 2022,

Dr. Sarah Shubert, a Board-certified orthopedic surgeon, diagnosed a right shoulder rotator cuff 

and biceps tear and a complete rotator cuff tear or rupture of the right shoulder. 

OWCP also received February 18 and 21, 2022 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan 

reports of appellant’s right shoulder. 

In a March 3, 2022 Form CA-17, Dr. Shubert noted that appellant injured himself on 

February 7, 2022 when he was lifting a tub of flats. She diagnosed a right shoulder rotator cuff 

tear and bicep tear. 

In a March 3, 2022 report, Sordena Muth, a physician assistant, performed a physical 

examination and diagnosed right shoulder pain. An unsigned visit summary of even date noted a 

diagnosis of right shoulder pain. 

4 OWCP assigned the present claim OWCP File No. xxxxxx525. Appellant has a previously filedFebruary4, 2021

traumatic injury claim for a right shoulder injury sustained on January 29, 2021 under OWCP File No. xxxxxx616. 

The claims have been administratively combined by OWCP, with the latter case serving as the master file.
3

In a March 24, 2022 development letter, OWCP informed appellant of the deficiencies of 

his claim. It advised him of the medical evidence necessary to establish his claim and afforded 

him 30 days to submit the necessary evidence. 

Thereafter, appellant submitted an April 5, 2022 note in which Dr. Shubert indicated that 

she treated him beginning on February 15, 2022 and that he experienced two discrete work-related 

injuries, including one on January 28, 2021 and one on February 7, 2022. Dr. Shubert related that

on February 7, 2022 he was lifting a heavy item and felt a pop in his shoulder and acute shoulder 

pain. She further indicated that diagnostic imaging revealed damage and tendinopathy in 

appellant’s rotator cuff which had progressed to a partial tear with biceps tearing and subluxation, 

which was consistent with his clinical presentation and complaints of pain. 

By decision dated April 27, 2022, OWCP accepted that the February 7, 2022 employment 

incident occurred as alleged. However, it denied appellant’s traumatic injury claim, finding that 

he had not submitted medical evidence containing a medical diagnosis from a qualified physician 

in connection with the accepted February 7, 2022 employment incident. Consequently, OWCP 

found that the requirements had not been met to establish an injury as defined by FECA. 

Thereafter, appellant submitted an undated timeline detailing his multiple injuries. He 

explained that he incurred an initial injury on January 28, 2021 subsequently filed a claim for 

compensation, underwent medical treatment, and injured himself again on February 7, 2022. 

On May 3, 2022 appellant requested a review of the written record by a representative of 

OWCP’s Branch of Hearings and Review and submitted additional evidence. 

In an unsigned, undated comment attached to appellant’s requestfor a review of the written 

record, an unidentified person noted that “without question, in my opinion the instant act of lifting 

the tub while in the performance of [appellant’s] duties caused his diagnosis.” 

A February 9, 2022 x-ray report of appellant’s right shoulder noted an impression of minor 

glenohumeral degenerative joint disease, no other acute findings. 

In a note dated May 3, 2022, Dr. Shubert reiterated that appellant experienced two injuries, 

one on January 28, 2021 and another on February 7, 2022, which worsened his shoulder condition. 

She noted that the second injury occurred when he was lifting a heavy item and he felt popping 

and acute pain in his shoulder, and that diagnostic imaging substantiated the finding that his rotator 

cuff tendon tearing worsened and was found to be more advanced, and his biceps subluxation 

worsened to the point of biceps dislocation in subsequent MRI scans. 

In May 17 and 24, 2022 CA-17 forms, Dr. Shubert reiterated the history of the February 7, 

2022 injury as reported by appellant and noted a diagnosis of right shoulder rotator cuff tear and 

biceps tear. In a note dated May 17, 2022, she provided work restrictions of left-hand work only,

and indicated that he would wear a sling constantly throughout the workday. 

By decision dated September 28, 2022, OWCP’s hearing representative modified OWCP’s 

April 27, 2022 decision to find that appellant had established a medical diagnosis in connection 

with the accepted February 7, 2022 employment incident. However, the claim remained denied, 

as the evidence of record did not establish causal relationship between the diagnosed condition 

and the accepted February 7, 2022 employment incident. 
4

LEGAL PRECEDENT

An employee seeking benefits under FECA5 has the burden of proof to establish the 

essential elements of his or her claim, including that the individual is an employee of the United 

States within the meaning of FECA, that the claim was timely filed within the applicable time 

limitation of FECA,6that an injury was sustained in the performance of duty as alleged, and that 

any disability or medical condition for which compensation is claimed is causally related to the 

employment injury.7 These are the essential elements of each and every compensation claim, 

regardless of whether the claim is predicated upon a traumatic injury or an occupational disease.8

To determine whether a federal employee has sustained a traumatic injury in the 

performance of duty, it first must be determined whether fact of injury has been established. There 

are two components involved in establishing fact of injury. The first component is whether he or 

she actually experienced the employment incident at the time, place, and in the manner alleged. 

The second component is whether the employment incident caused an injury and can be 

established only by medical evidence.9

The medical evidence required to establish causal relationship between a claimed specific 

condition and an employment incident is rationalized medical opinion evidence. 10 The opinion of 

the physician must be based on a complete factual and medical background of the employee, must 

be one of reasonable medical certainty, and must be supported by medical rationale explaining the 

nature of the relationship between the diagnosed condition and the specific employment incident 

identified by the claimant.11

ANALYSIS

The Board finds that appellant has not met his burden of proof to establish a right upper 

extremity condition causally related to the accepted February 7, 2022 employment incident.

In a February 9, 2022 Form CA-16, Dr. Schmid diagnosed a right bicep and rotator cuff 

tear/partial tear and checked a box marked “Yes” to indicate that the condition was caused or 

aggravated by the employment activity described. The Board has held that when a physician’s 

5

Supra note 2.

6 F.H., Docket No. 18-0869 (issued January 29, 2020); J.P., Docket No. 19-0129 (issued April26, 2019); JoeD. 

Cameron, 41 ECAB 153 (1989). 

7 L.C., Docket No. 19-1301 (issued January 29, 2020); J.H., Docket No. 18-1637 (issued January 29, 2020); 

James E. Chadden, Sr., 40 ECAB 312 (1988).

8 P.A., Docket No. 18-0559 (issued January 29, 2020); K.M., Docket No. 15-1660 (issued September 16, 2016); 

Delores C. Ellyett, 41 ECAB 992 (1990). 

9 T.H., Docket No. 19-0599 (issued January 28, 2020); K.L., Docket No. 18-1029 (issued January 9, 2019); John J. 

Carlone, 41 ECAB 354 (1989).

10 S.S., Docket No. 19-0688 (issued January 24, 2020); A.M., Docket No. 18-1748 (issued April 24, 2019); 

Robert G. Morris, 48 ECAB 238 (1996).

11 A.S., Docket No. 19-1955 (issued April 9, 2020); Leslie C. Moore, 52 ECAB 132 (2000).
5

opinion as to the cause of a condition consists only of a checkmark on a form, without further 

explanation or rationale, that opinion is of diminished probative value and is insufficient to 

establish a claim.12 Therefore, this evidence is insufficient to establish appellant’s claim. 

Appellant also submitted a February 9, 2022 visit note, prescription, and Form CA-17 in 

which Dr. Schmid diagnosed a right shoulder injury. Similarly, in a visit note, Form CA-17, and 

reports dated February 15 and March 3, 2022, Dr. Shubert diagnosed a right shoulder rotator cuff 

and biceps tear, and a complete rotator cuff tear or rupture of the right shoulder. However, neither 

Drs. Schmid nor Shubert provided an opinion on the cause of appellant’s diagnosed conditions. 

The Board has consistently held that medical evidence which does not offer an opinion regarding 

the cause of an employee’s condition is of no probative value on the issue of causal relationship. 

As such, these reports are insufficient to establish appellant’s claim.13

In notes dated April 5 and May 3, 2022, Dr. Shubert noted that on February 7, 2022 

appellant was lifting a heavy item and felt a pop in his shoulder and acute shoulder pain. She

indicated that diagnostic imaging substantiated the finding that his rotator cuff tendon tearing had 

worsened and advanced, and his biceps subluxation worsened to the point of biceps dislocation in 

subsequent MRIscans. Additionally, in CA-17 forms dated May 17 and 24, 2022 and a note dated 

May 17, 2022, Dr. Shubert provided work restrictions and diagnosed a right shoulder rotator cuff 

tear and biceps tear. As noted above, a report without an opinion on causation is of no probative 

value and is, therefore, insufficient to establish appellant’s claim.14

OWCP also received a March 3, 2022 report from Ms. Muth, a physician assistant. The 

Board has long held that certain healthcare providers such as physician assistants are not 

considered qualified “physician[s]” as defined under FECA and their findings, reports and/or 

opinions will not suffice for purposes of establishing entitlement to FECA benefits. 15 Accordingly, 

these reports are insufficient to satisfy appellant’s burden of proof.16

OWCP also received a March 3, 2022 unsigned visit summary diagnosing right shoulder 

pain, and an undated comment from unidentified person noting that “the instant act of lifting the 

tub while in the performance of his duties caused his diagnosis.” However, the Board has long 

held that reports that are unsigned or bear an illegible signature lack proper identification and

12 See A.C., Docket No. 21-0087 (issued November 9, 2021); O.M., Docket No. 18-1055 (issued April15, 2020); 

Gary J. Watling, 52 ECAB 278 (2001); Lillian M. Jones, 34 ECAB 379, 381 (1982).

13 See D.Y., Docket No. 20-0112 (issued June 25, 2020); L.B., Docket No. 18-0533 (issued August 27, 2018); D.K., 

Docket No. 17-1549 (issued July 6, 2018).

14 Id.

15 Section 8102(2) of FECA provides as follows: (2) physician includes surgeons, podiatrists, dentists, clinical 

psychologists, optometrists, chiropractors, and osteopathic practitioners within the scope of their practice as defined 

by State law. 5 U.S.C. § 8101(2); 20 C.F.R. § 10.5(t). See Federal (FECA) Procedure Manual, Part 2 -- Claims, 

Causal Relationship, Chapter 2.805.3a(1) (September 2020); DavidP. Sawchuk, 57 ECAB 316, 320 n.11 (2006) (lay 

individuals such as physician assistants, nurses, and physical therapists are not competent to render a medical opinion 

under FECA); see also S.S., Docket No. 21-1140 (issued June 29, 2022) (physician assistants are not considered 

physicians under FECA and are not competent to provide medical opinions).

16 R.H., Docket No. 21-1382 (issued March 7, 2022); S.E., Docket No. 21-0666 (issued December 28, 2021).
6

cannot be considered probative medical evidence because the author cannot be identified as a 

physician.17

The remaining evidence of record includes a February 9, 2022 x-ray report and MRI scan 

reports of appellant’s right shoulder dated February 18 and 21, 2022. The Board has held that 

diagnostic reports, standing alone, lack probative value on the issue of causal relationship as they 

do not provide an opinion as to whether the accepted employment incident caused a diagnosed 

condition.18 For this reason, this evidence is also insufficient to establish appellant’s claim.

As appellant has not submitted rationalized medical opinion evidence establishing a right 

upper extremity condition causally related to the accepted February 7, 2022 employment incident, 

the Board finds that he has not met his burden of proof to establish his claim.

Appellant may submit new evidence or argument with a written request for reconsideration 

to OWCP within one year of this merit decision, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. § 8128(a) and 20 C.F.R. 

§§ 10.605 through 10.607.

CONCLUSION

The Board finds that appellant has not met his burden of proof to establish a right upper 

extremity condition causally related to the accepted February 7, 2022 employment incident.19

17 L.B., Docket No. 21-0353 (issued May 23, 2022); T.D., Docket No. 20-0835 (issued February 2, 2021); Merton J. 

Sills, 39 ECAB 572, 575 (1988).

18 W.M., Docket No. 19-1853 (issued May 13, 2020); L.F., Docket No. 19-1905 (issued April 10, 2020).

19 The Board notes that the employing establishment issued a Form CA-16. A completed Form CA-16 authorization 

may constitute a contract for payment of medical expenses to a medical facility or physician, when properly executed. 

The form creates a contractual obligation, which does not involve the employee directly, to pay for the cost of the 

examination or treatment regardless of the action taken on the claim. See 20 C.F.R. § 10.300(c); V.S., Docket No. 

20-1034 (issued November 25, 2020); J.G., Docket No. 17-1062 (issued February 13, 2018); TracyP. Spillane, 54 

ECAB 608 (2003).
7

ORDER

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT the September 28, 2022 decision of the Office of 

Workers’ Compensation Programs is affirmed.

Issued: January 2, 2024

Washington, DC

Alec J. Koromilas, Chief Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

Valerie D. Evans-Harrell, Alternate Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

James D. McGinley, Alternate Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board