Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act 

of 1959, As Amended 

[Revised text1

 shows new or amended language in boldface type.] 

Public Law 86-257, September 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 519-546, as amended by: 

Public Law 89-216, September 29, 1965, 79 Stat. 888 

Public Law 98-473, October 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2031, 2133, 2134 

Public Law 99-217, December 26, 1985, 99 Stat. 1728 

Public Law 100-182, December 7, 1987, 101 Stat. 1266, 1269 

 AN ACT 73 Stat. 519. 

To provide for the reporting and disclosure of certain financial transactions and administrative 

 practices of labor organizations and employers, to prevent abuses in the administration of 

 trusteeships by labor organizations, to provide standards with respect to the election of 

 officers of labor organizations, and for other purposes. 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in 

 Congress assembled, That this Act may be cited as the “Labor-Management Reporting 

 and Disclosure Act of 1959.” 

1

This revised text has been prepared by the U.S. Department of Labor. 
The information in this publication will be made available in alternate formats upon request. For more information, call 202-

693-0123 (voice). TTY users may call this number through relay 

services. 
 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959, As Amended 

Page 

Sec. 2 Findings and policy 5 

Sec. 3 Definitions 5 

Title I. Bill of rights of union members 

Sec. 101(a)(1). Equal rights 8 

Sec. 101(a)(2). Freedom of speech and assembly 8 

Sec. 101(a)(3). Dues, initiation fees and 

 assessments 8 

Sec. 101(a)(4). Protection of right to sue 8 

Sec. 101(a)(5). Safeguards against improper 

 disciplinary action 9 

Sec. 102. Civil enforcement 9 

Sec. 103. Retention of existing rights 9 

Sec. 104. Rights to copies of collective 

 bargaining agreements 9 

Sec. 105. Information as to the Act 9 

Title II. Reporting requirements

Sec. 201. Report of labor organizations 10 

Sec. 202. Report of union officers and 

 employees 11 

Sec. 203. Report of employers; labor-relations 

 consultants 12 

Sec. 204. Attorney-client privilege 14 

Sec. 205. Reports made public information 14 

Sec. 206. Retention of records 15 

Sec. 207. Effective date 15 

Sec. 208. Rules and regulations 15 

Sec. 209. Criminal provisions 16 

Sec. 210. Civil enforcement 16 

Sec. 211. Surety company reports 16 

Title III. Trusteeships 

Sec. 301. Reports 17 

Sec. 302. Purposes for a valid trusteeship 17 

Sec. 303. Unlawful acts under trusteeship 18 

Sec. 304. Enforcement 18 

Sec. 305. Report to Congress 19 

Sec. 306. Complaint by Secretary 19 

Page 

Title IV. Elections 

Sec. 401. Office terms; elections procedures 20 

Sec. 402. Enforcement

 21

Sec. 403. Application of other laws

 22

Sec. 404. Effective date 22 

Title V. Safeguards for labor organizations 

Sec. 501. Fiduciary responsibility of union 

 officers 23 

Sec. 502. Bonding 23 

Sec. 503. Loans; payment of fines 24 

Sec. 504. Prohibition against holding office 24 

Sec. 505. Amendment to Sec. 302, Labor 

 Management Relations Act, 1947 26 

Title VI. Miscellaneous provisions 

Sec. 601. Investigations 29 

Sec. 603. Retention of rights under other 

 Federal and State laws 30 

Sec. 604. Effect on State laws 30 

Sec. 605. Service of process 30 

Sec. 606. Administrative Procedure Act 30 

Sec. 607. Other agencies and departments 30 

Sec. 608. Criminal contempt 30 

Sec. 609. Prohibition of certain union 

 discipline 31 

Sec. 610. Deprivation of rights by violence 31 

Sec. 611. Separability provisions 31 

Title VII. Amendments to Labor Management 

 Relations Act, 1947, As Amended 32 

[The text of sections 701 through 707 is not 

included here. However, the complete text of 

the Title VII, Amendments to the Labor 

Management Relations Act, 1947, As Amended, 

may be found in Public Law 86-257.] 

3 

 

Declaration of Findings, Purposes, and Policy 

 (29 U.S.C. 401) 

 

 SEC. 2. (a) The Congress finds that, in the public interest, it continues to be 

the responsibility of the Federal Government to protect employees' rights to organize, choose their own representatives, bargain collectively, and otherwise engage in concerted activities for their mutual aid or protection; that the relations 

between employers and labor organizations and the millions of workers they 

represent have a substantial impact on the commerce of the Nation; and that in 

order to accomplish the objective of a free flow of commerce it is essential that 

labor organizations, employers, and their officials adhere to the highest standards of responsibility and ethical conduct in administering the affairs of their 

organizations, particularly as they affect labor-management relations. 

 (b) The Congress further finds, from recent investigations in the labor and 

management fields, that there have been a number of instances of breach of 

trust, corruption, disregard of the rights of individual employees, and other failures to observe high standards of responsibility and ethical conduct which require further and supplementary legislation that will afford necessary protection 

of the rights and interests of employees and the public generally as they relate to 

the activities of labor organizations, employers, labor relations consultants, and 

their officers and representatives. 

 (c) The Congress, therefore, further finds and declares that the enactment 

of this Act is necessary to eliminate or prevent improper practices on the part of 

labor organizations, employers, labor relations consultants, and their officers and 

representatives which distort and defeat the policies of the Labor Management 

Relations Act, 1947, as amended, and the Railway Labor Act, as amended, and 

have the tendency or necessary effect of burdening or obstructing commerce by 

(1) impairing the efficiency, safety, or operation of the instrumentalities of 

commerce; (2) occurring in the current of commerce; (3) materially affecting, 

restraining, or controlling the flow of raw materials or manufactured or processed goods into or from the channels of commerce, or the prices of such materials or goods in commerce; or (4) causing diminution of employment and wages 

in such volume as substantially to impair or disrupt the market for goods flowing into or from the channels of commerce. 

Definitions 

 (29 U.S.C. 402) 

 SEC.. 3. For the purposes of titles I, II, III, IV, V (except section 505), and 

VI of this Act— 

 (a) “Commerce” means trade, traffic, commerce, transportation, transmission, or communication among the several States or between any State and any 

place outside thereof. 

 (b) “State” includes any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, Wake Island, the 

Canal Zone, and Outer Continental Shelf lands defined in the Outer Continental 

Shelf Lands Act (43 U.S.C. 1331-1343). 

 (c) “Industry affecting commerce” means any activity, business, or industry in commerce or in which a labor dispute would hinder or obstruct commerce 

or the free flow of commerce and includes any activity or industry “affecting 

commerce” within the meaning of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947, 

as amended, or the Railway Labor Act, as amended.

73 Stat. 519. 

61 Stat. 136; 

29 U.S.C. 141. 

44 Stat. 577; 

45 U.S.C. 151.

73 Stat. 520. 

67 Stat. 462 

 5 
73 Stat. 521. 

61 Stat. 136; 

29 U.S.C. 167. 

44 Stat. 577; 

45 U.S.C. 151.

 (d) “Person” includes one or more individuals, labor organizations, partnerships, associations, corporations, legal representatives, mutual companies, 

joint-stock companies, trusts, unincorporated organizations, trustees, trustees in 

cases under Title 11 of the United States Code,2

 or receivers. 

 (e) “Employer” means any employer or any group or association of employers engaged in an industry affecting commerce (1) which is, with respect to 

employees engaged in an industry affecting commerce, an employer within the 

meaning of any law of the United States relating to the employment of any employees or (2) which may deal with any labor organization concerning grievances, labor disputes, wages, rates of pay, hours of employment, or conditions of 

work, and includes any person acting directly or indirectly as an employer or as 

an agent of an employer in relation to an employee but does not include the 

United States or any corporation wholly owned by the Government of the 

United States or any State or political subdivision thereof. 

 (f) “Employee” means any individual employed by an employer, and includes any individual whose work has ceased as a consequence of, or in connection with, any current labor dispute or because of any unfair labor practice or 

because of exclusion or expulsion from a labor organization in any manner or 

for any reason inconsistent with the requirements of this Act. 

 (g) “Labor dispute” includes any controversy concerning terms, tenure, or 

conditions of employment, or concerning the association or representation of 

persons in negotiating, fixing, maintaining, changing, or seeking to arrange 

terms or conditions of employment, regardless of whether the disputants stand in 

the proximate relation of employer and employee. 

 (h) “Trusteeship” means any receivership, trusteeship, or other method of 

supervision or control whereby a labor organization suspends the autonomy otherwise available to a subordinate body under its constitution or bylaws. 

 (i) “Labor organization” means a labor organization engaged in an industry 

affecting commerce and includes any organization of any kind, any agency, or 

employee representation committee, group, association, or plan so engaged in 

which employees participate and which exists for the purpose, in whole or in 

part, of dealing with employers concerning grievances, labor disputes, wages, 

rates of pay, hours, or other terms or conditions of employment, and any conference, general committee, joint or system board, or joint council so engaged 

which is subordinate to a national or international labor organization, other than 

a State or local central body. 

 (j) A labor organization shall be deemed to be engaged in an industry affecting commerce if it— 

 (1) is the certified representative of employees under the provisions of the 

 National Labor Relations Act, as amended, or the Railway Labor Act, as 

 amended; or 

 (2) although not certified, is a national or international labor organiza-

 tion or a local labor organization recognized or acting as the representative 

 of employees of an employer or employers engaged in an industry affect-

 ing commerce; or 

 (3) has chartered a local labor organization or subsidiary body which 

 is representing or actively seeking to represent employees of employers 

 within the meaning of paragraph (1) or (2); or 

 (4) has been chartered by a labor organization representing or actively 

 seeking to represent employees within the meaning of paragraph (1) or (2) 

 as the local or subordinate body through which such employees may enjoy 

 membership or become affiliated with such labor organization; or 

2

Section 320 of Public Law 95-598 (92 Stat. 2678), Nov. 6, 1978, substituted “cases under Title 11 of the 

United States Code” for “bankruptcy.” 

 

 6 
 (5)is a conference, general committee, joint or system board, or joint 

 council, subordinate to a national or international labor organization, 

 which includes a labor organization engaged in an industry affecting 

 commerce within the meaning of any of the preceding paragraphs of this 

 subsection, other than a State or local central body. 

 (k) “Secret ballot” means the expression by ballot, voting machine, or otherwise, but in no event by proxy, of a choice with respect to any election or vote 

taken upon any matter, which is cast in such a manner that the person expressing 

such choice cannot be identified with the choice expressed. 

 (1) “Trust in which a labor organization is interested” means a trust or 

other fund or organization (1) which was created or established by a labor organization, or one or more of the trustees or one or more members of the governing body of which is selected or appointed by a labor organization, and (2) a 

primary purpose of which is to provide benefits for the members of such labor 

organization or their beneficiaries. 

 (m) “Labor relations consultant” means any person who, for compensation, 

advises or represents an employer, employer organization, or labor organization 

concerning employee organizing, concerted activities, or collective bargaining 

activities. 

 (n) “Officer” means any constitutional officer, any person authorized to 

perform the functions of president, vice president, secretary, treasurer, or other 

executive functions of a labor organization, and any member of its executive 

board or similar governing body. 

 (o) “Member” or “member in good standing”, when used in reference to a 

labor organization, includes any person who has fulfilled the requirements for 

membership in such organization, and who neither has voluntarily withdrawn 

from membership nor has been expelled or suspended from membership after 

appropriate proceedings consistent with lawful provisions of the constitution and 

bylaws of such organization. 

 (p) “Secretary” means the Secretary of Labor. 

 (q) “Officer, agent, shop steward, or other representative”, when used with 

respect to a labor organization, includes elected officials and key administrative 

personnel, whether elected or appointed (such as business agents, heads of departments or major units, and organizers who exercise substantial independent 

authority), but does not include salaried nonsupervisory professional staff, 

stenographic, and service personnel. 

 (r) “District court of the United States” means a United States district court 

and a United States court of any place subject to the jurisdiction of the United 

States. 

 7 

73 Stat. 522. 
 

73 Stat. 523. 

TITLE I―BILL OF RIGHTS OF MEMBERS OF LABOR 

ORGANIZATIONS 

Bill of Rights 

 (29 U.S.C. 411) 

SEC. 101. (a)(1) EQUAL RIGHTS.—Every member of a labor organization 

shall have equal rights and privileges within such organization to nominate candidates, to vote in elections or referendums of the labor organization, to attend 

membership meetings and to participate in the deliberations and voting upon the 

business of such meetings, subject to reasonable rules and regulations in such 

organization's constitution and bylaws. 

(2) FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND ASSEMBLY.—Every member of any labor organization shall have the right to meet and assemble freely with other members; 

and to express any views, arguments, or opinions; and to express at meetings of 

the labor organization his views, upon candidates in an election of the labor organization or upon any business properly before the meeting, subject to the organization's established and reasonable rules pertaining to the conduct of meetings: Provided, That nothing herein shall be construed to impair the right of a 

labor organization to adopt and enforce reasonable rules as to the responsibility 

of every member toward the organization as an institution and to his refraining 

from conduct that would interfere with its performance of its legal or contractual 

obligations. 

(3) DUES, INITIATION FEES, AND ASSESSMENTS.—Except in the case of a 

federation of national or international labor organizations, the rates of dues and 

initiation fees payable by members of any labor organization in effect on the 

date of enactment of this Act shall not be increased, and no general or special 

assessment shall be levied upon such members, except— 

(A) in the case of a local organization, (i) by majority vote by secret 

 ballot of the members in good standing voting at a general or special 

 membership meeting, after reasonable notice of the intention to vote upon 

 such question, or (ii) by majority vote of the members in good standing 

 voting in a membership referendum conducted by secret ballot; or 

(B) in the case of a labor organization, other than a local labor organi-

 zation or a federation of national or international labor organizations, (i) by 

 majority vote of the delegates voting at a regular convention, or at a 

 special convention of such labor organization held upon not less than 

 thirty days' written notice to the principal office of each local or constitu-

 ent labor organization entitled to such notice, or (ii) by majority vote 

 of the members in good standing of such labor organization voting in a 

 membership referendum conducted by secret ballot, or (iii) by majority 

 vote of the members of the executive board or similar governing body of 

 such labor organization, pursuant to express authority contained in the 

 constitution and bylaws of such labor organization: Provided, That such 

 action on the part of the executive board or similar governing body shall be 

 effective only until the next regular convention of such labor organization. 

(4) PROTECTION OF THE RIGHT TO SUE.—No labor organization shall limit 

the right of any member thereof to institute an action in any court, or in a proceeding before any administrative agency, irrespective of whether or not the labor organization or its officers are named as defendants or respondents in such 

action or proceeding, or the right of any member of a labor organization to appear as a witness in any judicial, administrative, or legislative proceeding, or to 

petition any legislature or to communicate with any legislator: Provided, That 

any such member may be required to exhaust reasonable hearing procedures 

8 
(but not to exceed a four-month lapse of time) within such organization, before 

instituting legal or administrative proceedings against such organizations or any 

officer thereof: And provided further, That no interested employer or employer 

association shall directly or indirectly finance, encourage, or participate in, except as a party, any such action, proceeding, appearance, or petition. 

 (5) SAFEGUARDS AGAINST IMPROPER DISCIPLINARY ACTION.—No member 

of any labor organization may be fined, suspended, expelled, or otherwise disciplined except for nonpayment of dues by such organization or by any officer 

thereof unless such member has been (A) served with written specific charges; 

(B) given a reasonable time to prepare his defense; (C) afforded a full and fair 

hearing. 

 (b) Any provision of the constitution and bylaws of any labor organization 

which is inconsistent with the provisions of this section shall be of no force or 

effect. 

Civil Enforcement (29 U.S.C. 412) 

 SEC. 102. Any person whose rights secured by the provisions of this title 

have been infringed by any violation of this title may bring a civil action in a 

district court of the United States for such relief (including injunctions) as may 

be appropriate. Any such action against a labor organization shall be brought in 

the district court of the United States for the district where the alleged violation 

occurred, or where the principal office of such labor organization is located. 

Retention of Existing Rights (29 U.S.C. 413) 

 SEC. 103. Nothing contained in this title shall limit the rights and remedies 

of any member of a labor organization under any State or Federal law or before 

any court or other tribunal, or under the constitution and bylaws of any labor organization. 

Right to Copies of Collective Bargaining Agreements (29 U.S.C. 414) 

 SEC. 104. It shall be the duty of the secretary or corresponding principal officer of each labor organization, in the case of a local labor organization, to forward a copy of each collective bargaining agreement made by such labor organization with any employer to any employee who requests such a copy and 

whose rights as such employee are directly affected by such agreement, and in 

the case of a labor organization other than a local labor organization, to forward 

a copy of any such agreement to each constituent unit which has members directly affected by such agreement; and such officer shall maintain at the principal office of the labor organization of which he is an officer copies of any such 

agreement made or received by such labor organization, which copies shall be 

available for inspection by any member or by any employee whose rights are affected by such agreement. The provisions of section 210 shall be applicable in 

the enforcement of this section. 

Information as to Act (29 U.S.C. 415) 

 SEC. 105. Every labor organization shall inform its members concerning the 

provisions of this Act. 

9 
73 Stat. 524. 

 

TITLE II―REPORTING BY LABOR ORGANIZATIONS, OFFICERS 

AND EMPLOYEES OF LABOR ORGANIZATIONS, AND 

EMPLOYERS 

Report of Labor Organizations 

 (29 U.S.C. 431) 

 SEC. 201. (a) Every labor organization shall adopt a constitution and bylaws and shall file a copy thereof with the Secretary, together with a report, signed 

by its president and secretary or corresponding principal officers, containing the 

following information— 

 (1) the name of the labor organization, its mailing address, and any 

 other address at which it maintains its principal office or at which it keeps 

 the records referred to in this title; 

 (2) the name and title of each of its officers; 

 (3) the initiation fee or fees required from a new or transferred member 

 and fees for work permits required by the reporting labor organization; 

 (4) the regular dues or fees or other periodic payments required to 

 remain a member of the reporting labor organization; and 

 (5) detailed statements, or references to specific provisions of documents 

 filed under this subsection which contain such statements, showing the 

 provisions made and procedures followed with respect to each of the 

 following: (A) qualifications for or restrictions on membership, (B) levying 

 of assessments, (C) participation in insurance or other benefit plans, (D) 

 authorization for disbursement of funds of the labor organization, (E) audit of 

 financial transactions of the labor organization, (F) the calling of regular 

 and special meetings, (G) the selection of officers and stewards and 

 of any representatives to other bodies composed of labor organiza-

 tions' representatives, with a specific statement of the manner in which each 

 officer was elected, appointed, or otherwise selected, (H) discipline or re-

 moval of officers or agents for breaches of their trust, (I) imposition of 

 fines, suspensions, and expulsions of members, including the grounds for 

 such action and any provision made for notice, hearing, judgment on the 

 evidence, and appeal procedures, (J) authorization for bargaining demands, 

 (K) ratification of contract terms, (L) authorization for strikes, and (M) is-

 suance of work permits. Any change in the information required by this 

 subsection shall be reported to the Secretary at the time the reporting labor 

 organization files with the Secretary the annual financial report required by 

 subsection (b). 

 (b) Every labor organization shall file annually with the Secretary a financial report signed by its president and treasurer or corresponding principal officers containing the following information in such detail as may be necessary accurately to disclose its financial condition and operations for its preceding fiscal 

year— 

 (1) assets and liabilities at the beginning and end of the fiscal year; 

 (2) receipts of any kind and the sources thereof, 

 (3) salary, allowances, and other direct or indirect disbursements 

 (including reimbursed expenses) to each officer and also to each employee 

 who, during such fiscal year, received more than $10,000 in the aggre-

 gate from such labor organization and any other labor organization affili-

 ated with it or with which it is affiliated, or which is affiliated with the 

 same national or international labor organization; 

 (4) direct and indirect loans made to any officer, employee, or mem-

 ber, which aggregated more than $250 during the fiscal year, together 

 with a statement of the purpose, security, if any, and arrangements for re-

 payment; 

 10 
 (5) direct and indirect loans to any business enterprise, together with 

 a statement of the purpose, security, if any, and arrangements for repay-

 ment; and 

 (6) other disbursements made by it including the purposes thereof, all 

 in such categories as the Secretary may prescribe. 

 (c) Every labor organization required to submit a report under this title 

shall make available the information required to be contained in such report to 

all of its members, and every such labor organization and its officers shall be 

under a duty enforceable at the suit of any member of such organization in any 

State court of competent jurisdiction or in the district court of the United States 

for the district in which such labor organization maintains its principal office, to 

permit such member for just cause to examine any books, records, and accounts 

necessary to verify such report. The court in such action may, in its discretion, in 

addition to any judgment awarded to the plaintiff or plaintiffs, allow a reasonable attorney's fee to be paid by the defendant, and costs of the action. 

 (d) Subsections (f), (g), and (h) of section 9 of the National Labor Relations Act, as amended, are hereby repealed. 

 (e) Clause (i) of section 8(a)(3) of the National Labor Relations Act, as 

amended, is amended by striking out the following: “and has at the time the 

agreement was made or within the preceding twelve months received from the 

Board a notice of compliance with section 9(f), (g), (h)”. 

Report of Officers and Employees of Labor Organizations 

 (29 U.S.C. 432) 

 SEC. 202. (a) Every officer of a labor organization and every employee of a 

labor organization (other than an employee performing exclusively clerical or 

custodial services) shall file with the Secretary a signed report listing and describing for his preceding fiscal year— 

 (1) any stock, bond, security, or other interest, legal or equitable, 

 which he or his spouse or minor child directly or indirectly held in, and 

 any income or any other benefit with monetary value (including reim-

 bursed expenses) which he or his spouse or minor child derived directly 

 or indirectly from, an employer whose employees such labor organization 

 represents or is actively seeking to represent, except payments and other 

 benefits received as a bona fide employee of such employer; 

 (2) any transaction in which he or his spouse or minor child engaged, 

 directly or indirectly, involving any stock, bond, security, or loan to or 

 from, or other legal or equitable interest in the business of an employer 

 whose employees such labor organization represents or is actively seek-

 ing to represent; 

 (3) any stock, bond, security, or other interest, legal or equitable, 

 which he or his spouse or minor child directly or indirectly held in, and 

 any income or any other benefit with monetary value (including reim-

 bursed expenses) which he or his spouse or minor child directly or indi-

 rectly derived from, any business a substantial part of which consists of 

 buying from, selling or leasing to, or otherwise dealing with, the business 

 of an employer whose employees such labor organization represents or is 

 actively seeking to represent; 

 (4) any stock, bond, security, or other interest, legal or equitable, 

 which he or his spouse or minor child directly or indirectly held in, and 

 any income or any other benefit with monetary value (including reim-

 bursed expenses) which he or his spouse or minor child directly or indi-

 rectly derived from, a business any part of which consists of buying from, 

 or selling or leasing directly or indirectly to, or otherwise dealing with 

 such labor organization; 

73 Stat. 525 

61 Stat. 143; 

29 U.S.C. 159. 

29 U.S.C. 158.

73 Stat. 526 

11
48 Stat. 881; 

15 U.S.C. 78a. 

54 Stat. 789; 

15 U.S.C. 80a-51. 

49 Stat. 803; 

15 U.S.C. 79.

73 Stat. 527. 

 (5) any direct or indirect business transaction or arrangement be-

 tween him or his spouse or minor child and any employer whose employ

 ees his organization represents or is actively seeking to represent, except 

 work performed and payments and benefits received as a bona fide em-

 ployee of such employer and except purchases and sales of goods or ser

 vices in the regular course of business at prices generally available to any 

 employee of such employer; and 

 (6) any payment of money or other thing of value (including reim-

 bursed expenses) which he or his spouse or minor child received directly 

 or indirectly from any employer or any person who acts as a labor relations 

 consultant to an employer, except payments of the kinds referred to in 

 section 302(c) of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947, as amended. 

 (b) The provisions of paragraphs (1), (2), (3), (4), and (5) of subsection 

(a) shall not be construed to require any such officer or employee to report his 

bona fide investments in securities traded on a securities exchange registered as 

a national securities exchange under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, in 

shares in an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act 

or in securities of a public utility holding company registered under 

the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935, or to report any income derived therefrom. 

 (c) Nothing contained in this section shall be construed to require any officer or employee of a labor organization to file a report under subsection (a) 

unless he or his spouse or minor child holds or has held an interest, has received 

income or any other benefit with monetary value or a loan, or has engaged in a 

transaction described therein. 

Report of Employers 

 (29 U.S.C. 433) 

 SEC. 203. (a) Every employer who in any fiscal year made— 

 (1) any payment or loan, direct or indirect, of money or other thing of 

value (including reimbursed expenses), or any promise or agreement therefor, to any labor organization or officer, agent, shop steward, or other representative of a labor organization, or employee of any labor organization, except (A) payments or loans made by any national or State bank, credit union, insurance company, savings and loan association or other credit institution and (B) payments of the kind referred to in section 302(c) of the Labor 

Management Relations Act, 1947, as amended; 

 (2) any payment (including reimbursed expenses) to any of his employees, or any group or committee of such employees, for the purpose of 

causing such employee or group or committee of employees to persuade 

other employees to exercise or not to exercise, or as the manner of exercising, the right to organize and bargain collectively through representatives of 

their own choosing unless such payments were contemporaneously or 

previously disclosed to such other employees; 

 (3) any expenditure, during the fiscal year, where an object thereof, directly or indirectly, is to interfere with, restrain, or coerce employees in the 

exercise of the right to organize and bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing, or is to obtain information concerning the activities of employees or a labor organization in connection with a labor dispute involving such employer, except for use solely in conjunction with an 

administrative or arbitral proceeding or a criminal or civil judicial proceeding; 

 (4) any agreement or arrangement with a labor relations consultant or 

other independent contractor or organization pursuant to which such person

 

12 
undertakes activities where an object thereof, directly or indirectly, is to 

persuade employees to exercise or not to exercise, or persuade employees 

as to the manner of exercising, the right to organize and bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing, or undertakes to supply such employer with information concerning the activities of employees 

or a labor organization in connection with a labor dispute involving such 

employer, except information for use solely in conjunction with an administrative or arbitral proceeding or a criminal or civil judicial proceeding; or 

 (5) any payment (including reimbursed expenses) pursuant to an 

agreement or arrangement described in subdivision (4); 

shall file with the Secretary a report, in a form prescribed by him, signed by its 

president and treasurer or corresponding principal officers showing in detail the 

date and amount of each such payment, loan, promise, agreement, or arrangement and the name, address, and position, if any, in any firm or labor organization of the person to whom it was made and a full explanation of the circumstances of all such payments, including the terms of any agreement or understanding pursuant to which they were made. 

 (b) Every person who pursuant to any agreement or arrangement with an 

employer undertakes activities where an object thereof is, directly or indirectly- 

 (1) to persuade employees to exercise or not to exercise, or persuade 

employees as to the manner of exercising, the right to organize and bargain 

collectively through representatives of their own choosing; or 

 (2) to supply an employer with information concerning the activities 

of employees or a labor organization in connection with a labor dispute involving such employer, except information for use solely in conjunction 

with an administrative or arbitral proceeding or a criminal or civil judicial 

proceeding; 

shall file within thirty days after entering into such agreement or arrangement a 

report with the Secretary, signed by its president and treasurer or corresponding 

principal officers, containing the name under which such person is engaged in 

doing business and the address of its principal office, and a detailed statement of 

the terms and conditions of such agreement or arrangement. Every such person 

shall file annually, with respect to each fiscal year during which payments were 

made as a result of such an agreement or arrangement, a report with the Secretary, signed by its president and treasurer or corresponding principal officers, 

containing a statement (A) of its receipts of any kind from employers on account 

of labor relations advice or services, designating the sources thereof, and (B) of 

its disbursements of any kind, in connection with such services and the purposes 

thereof. In each such case such information shall be set forth in such categories 

as the Secretary may prescribe. 

 (c) Nothing in this section shall be construed to require any employer or 

other person to file a report covering the services of such person by reason of his 

giving or agreeing to give advice to such employer or representing or agreeing 

to represent such employer before any court, administrative agency, or tribunal 

of arbitration or engaging or agreeing to engage in collective bargaining on behalf of such employer with respect to wages, hours, or other terms or conditions 

of employment or the negotiation of an agreement or any question arising thereunder. 

 (d) Nothing contained in this section shall be construed to require an employer to file a report under subsection (a) unless he has made an expenditure, 

payment, loan, agreement, or arrangement of the kind described therein. Nothing 

contained in this section shall be construed to require any other person to file a 

report under subsection (b) unless he was a party to an agreement or arrangement of the kind described therein. 

73 Stat. 528. 

 13 
29 U.S.C. 158. 

29 U.S.C. 157.

 (e) Nothing contained in this section shall be construed to require any 

regular officer, supervisor, or employee of an employer to file a report in connection with services rendered to such employer nor shall any employer be required to file a report covering expenditures made to any regular officer, supervisor, or employee of an employer as compensation for service as a regular officer, supervisor, or employee of such employer. 

 (f) Nothing contained in this section shall be construed as an amendment 

to, or modification of the rights protected by, section 8(c) of the National Labor 

Relations Act, as amended. 

 (g) The term “interfere with, restrain, or coerce” as used in this section 

means interference, restraint, and coercion which, if done with respect to the exercise of rights guaranteed in section 7 of the National Labor Relations Act, as 

amended, would, under section 8(a) of such Act, constitute an unfair labor practice. 

Attorney-Client Communications Exempted 

 (29 U.S.C. 434) 

 SEC. 204. Nothing contained in this Act shall be construed to require an attorney who is a member in good standing of the bar of any State, to include in 

any report required to be filed pursuant to the provisions of this Act any information which was lawfully communicated to such attorney by any of his clients 

in the course of a legitimate attorney-client relationship. 

Reports Made Public Information 

 (29 U.S.C. 435) 

 SEC. 205. (a)3 The contents of the reports and documents filed with the Secretary pursuant to sections 201, 202, 203, and 211 shall be public information, 

and the Secretary may publish any information and data which he obtains pursuant to the provisions of this title. The Secretary may use the information and 

data for statistical and research purposes, and compile and publish such studies, 

analyses, reports, and surveys based thereon as he may deem appropriate. 

 (b)4

 The Secretary shall by regulation make reasonable provision for the inspection and examination, on the request of any person, of the information and 

data contained in any report or other document filed with him pursuant to section 201, 202, 203, or 211. 

 (c)5

 The Secretary shall by regulation provide for the furnishing by the Department of Labor of copies of reports or other documents filed with the Secretary pursuant to this title, upon payment of a charge based upon the cost of the 

service. The Secretary shall make available without payment of a charge, or require any person to furnish, to such State agency as is designated by law or by 

the Governor of the State in which such person has his principal place of business or headquarters, upon request of the Governor of such State, copies of any 

reports and documents filed by such person with the Secretary pursuant to section 201, 202, 203, or 211, or of information and data contained therein. No 

person shall be required by reason of any law of any State to furnish to any 

3

Prior to amendment by section 2(a) of Public Law 89-216, the first sentence of section 205(a) read as 

follows: “Sec. 205. (a) The contents of the reports and documents filed with the Secretary pursuant to sections 201, 202, and 203 shall be public information, and the Secretary may publish any information and data 

which he obtains pursuant to the provisions of this title.” 4

Prior to amendment by section 2(b) of Public Law 89-216, section 205(b) read as follows: “(b) The 

Secretary shall by regulation make reasonable provision for the inspection and examination, on the request 

of any person, of the information and data contained in any report or other document filed with him pursuant to section 201, 202, or 203.” 5

Prior to amendment by section 2(c) of Public Law 89-216, the second sentence of section 205(c) read 

as follows: “The Secretary shall make available without payment of a charge, or require any person to furnish, to such State agency as is designated by law or by the Governor of the State in which such person has 

his principal place of business or headquarters upon request of the Governor of such State, copies of any reports and documents filed by such person with the Secretary pursuant to section 201, 202, or 203, or of information and data contained therein.”

 14 
officer or agency of such State any information included in a report filed by such 

person with the Secretary pursuant to the provisions of this title, if a copy of 

such report, or of the portion thereof containing such information, is furnished to 

such officer or agency. All moneys received in payment of such charges fixed 

by the Secretary pursuant to this subsection shall be deposited in the general 

fund of the Treasury. 

Retention of Records 

 (29 U.S.C. 436) 

 SEC. 206. Every person required to file any report under this title shall 

maintain records on the matters required to be reported which will provide in 

sufficient detail the necessary basic information and data from which the documents filed with the Secretary may be verified, explained or clarified, and 

checked for accuracy and completeness, and shall include vouchers, worksheets, 

receipts, and applicable resolutions, and shall keep such records available for 

examination for a period of not less than five years after the filing of the documents based on the information which they contain. 

Effective Date 

 (29 U.S.C. 437) 

 SEC. 207. (a) Each labor organization shall file the initial report required 

under section 201(a) within ninety days after the date on which it first becomes 

subject to this Act. 

 (b)6

 Each person required to file a report under section 201(b), 202, 

203(a), the second sentence of section 203(b), or section 211 shall file such 

report within ninety days after the end of each of its fiscal years; except that 

where such person is subject to section 201(b), 202, 203(a), the second sentence of section 203(b), or section 211, as the case may be, for only a portion 

of such a fiscal year (because the date of enactment of this Act occurs during 

such person's fiscal year or such person becomes subject to this Act during its 

fiscal year) such person may consider that portion as the entire fiscal year in 

making such report. 

Rules and Regulations 

 (29 U.S.C. 438) 

 SEC. 208. The Secretary shall have authority to issue, amend, and rescind 

rules and regulations prescribing the form and publication of reports required to 

be filed under this title and such other reasonable rules and regulations (including rules prescribing reports concerning trusts in which a labor organization is 

interested) as he may find necessary to prevent the circumvention or evasion of 

such reporting requirements. In exercising his power under this section the Secretary shall prescribe by general rule simplified reports for labor organizations 

or employers for whom he finds that by virtue of their size a detailed report 

would be unduly burdensome, but the Secretary may revoke such provision for 

simplified forms of any labor organization or employer if he determines, after 

such investigation as he deems proper and due notice and opportunity for a hearing, that the purposes of this section would be served thereby. 

6

Prior to amendment by section 2(d) of Public Law 89-216, section 207(b) read as follows: “(b) Each 

person required to file a report under section 201(b), 202, 203(a), or the second sentence of 203(b) shall file 

such report within ninety days after the end of each of its fiscal years; except that where such person is subject to section 201(b), 202, 203(a), or the second section of 203(b), as the case may be, for only a portion of 

such a fiscal year (because the date of enactment of this Act occurs during such person's fiscal year or such 

person becomes subject to this Act during its fiscal year) such person may consider that portion as the entire 

fiscal year in making such report.”

15 

73 Stat. 529. 
73 Stat. 530. 

88 Stat. 829; 

29 U.S.C. 1001

Criminal Provisions 

 (29 U.S.C. 439) 

 SEC. 209. (a) Any person who willfully violates this title shall be fined not 

more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both. 

 (b) Any person who makes a false statement or representation of a material 

fact, knowing it to be false, or who knowingly fails to disclose a material fact, in 

any document, report, or other information required under the provisions of this 

title shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than one 

year, or both. 

 (c) Any person who willfully makes a false entry in or willfully conceals, 

withholds, or destroys any books, records, reports, or statements required to be 

kept by any provision of this title shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both. 

 (d) Each individual required to sign reports under sections 201 and 203 

shall be personally responsible for the filing of such reports and for any statement contained therein which he knows to be false. 

Civil Enforcement 

 (29 U.S.C. 440) 

 SEC. 210. Whenever it shall appear that any person has violated or is about 

to violate any of the provisions of this title, the Secretary may bring a civil action for such relief (including injunctions) as may be appropriate. Any such action may be brought in the district court of the United States where the violation 

occurred or, at the option of the parties, in the United States District Court for 

the District of Columbia. 

Surety Company Reports7

 (29 U.S.C. 441) 

SEC. 211. Each surety company which issues any bond required by 

this Act or the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 shall file 

annually with the Secretary, with respect to each fiscal year during which 

any such bond was in force, a report, in such form and detail as he may 

prescribe by regulation, filed by the president and treasurer or corresponding principal officers of the surety company, describing its bond experience 

under each such Act, including information as to the premiums received, 

total claims paid, amounts recovered by way of subrogation, administrative 

and legal expenses and such related data and information as the Secretary 

shall determine to be necessary in the public interest and to carry out the 

policy of the Act. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Secretary finds that 

any such specific information cannot be practicably ascertained or would 

be uninformative, the Secretary may modify or waive the requirement for such 

information. 

7

Section 211 was added by section 3 of Public Law 99-216 (79 Stat. 888); section 111(a)(2)(D) of Public 

Law 93-406 (88 Stat. 852), Sept. 2, 1974, substituted “Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974” 

for “Welfare and Pension Plans Disclosure Act”. 

 16 
TITLE III―TRUSTEESHIPS 

Reports 

 (29 U.S.C. 461) 

 SEC. 301. (a) Every labor organization which has or assumes trusteeship 

over any subordinate labor organization shall file with the Secretary within 

thirty days after the date of the enactment of this Act or the imposition of any 

such trusteeship, and semiannually thereafter, a report, signed by its president 

and treasurer or corresponding principal officers, as well as by the trustees of 

such subordinate labor organization, containing the following information: (1) 

the name and address of the subordinate organization; (2) the date of establishing the trusteeship; (3) a detailed statement of the reason or reasons for establishing or continuing the trusteeship; and (4) the nature and extent of participation by the membership of the subordinate organization in the selection of delegates to represent such organization in regular or special conventions or other 

policy-determining bodies and in the election of officers of the labor organization which has assumed trusteeship over such subordinate organization. The initial report shall also include a full and complete account of the financial condition of such subordinate organization as of the time trusteeship was assumed 

over it. During the continuance of a trusteeship the labor organization which has 

assumed trusteeship over a subordinate labor organization shall file on behalf of 

the subordinate labor organization the annual financial report required by section 

201(b) signed by the president and treasurer or corresponding principal officers 

of the labor organization which has assumed such trusteeship and the trustees of 

the subordinate labor organization. 

 (b) The provisions of section 201(c), 205, 206, 208, and 210 shall be applicable to reports filed under this title. 

 (c) Any person who willfully violates this section shall be fined not more 

than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both. 

 (d) Any person who makes a false statement or representation of a material fact, knowing it to be false, or who knowingly fails to disclose a material 

fact, in any report required under the provisions of this section or willfully 

makes any false entry in or willfully withholds, conceals, or destroys any documents, books, records, reports, or statements upon which such report is based, 

shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year, 

or both. 

 (e) Each individual required to sign a report under this section shall be 

personally responsible for the filing of such report and for any statement contained therein which he knows to be false. 

Purposes for Which a Trusteeship May Be Established 

 (29 U.S.C. 462) 

 SEC. 302. Trusteeships shall be established and administered by a labor 

organization over a subordinate body only in accordance with the constitution 

and bylaws of the organization which has assumed trusteeship over the subordinate body and for the purpose of correcting corruption or financial malpractice, 

assuring the performance of collective bargaining agreements or other duties of 

a bargaining representative, restoring democratic procedures, or otherwise carrying out the legitimate objects of such labor organization. 

 17 

73 Stat. 531. 
73 Stat. 532. 

Unlawful Acts Relating to Labor Organization under Trusteeship

 (29 U.S.C. 463) 

 SEC. 303. (a) During any period when a subordinate body of a labor organization is in trusteeship, it shall be unlawful (1) to count the vote of delegates 

from such body in any convention or election of officers of the labor organization unless the delegates have been chosen by secret ballot in an election in 

which all the members in good standing of such subordinate body were eligible 

to participate or (2) to transfer to such organization any current receipts or other 

funds of the subordinate body except the normal per capita tax and assessments 

payable by subordinate bodies not in trusteeship: Provided, That nothing herein 

contained shall prevent the distribution of the assets of a labor organization in 

accordance with its constitution and bylaws upon the bona fide dissolution 

thereof. 

 (b) Any person who willfully violates this section shall be fined not more 

than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both. 

Enforcement 

 (29 U.S.C. 464) 

 SEC. 304. (a) Upon the written complaint of any member or subordinate 

body of a labor organization alleging that such organization has violated the 

provisions of this title (except section 301) the Secretary shall investigate the 

complaint and if the Secretary finds probable cause to believe that such violation 

has occurred and has not been remedied he shall, without disclosing the identity 

of the complainant, bring a civil action in any district court of the United States 

having jurisdiction of the labor organization for such relief (including injunctions) as may be appropriate. Any member or subordinate body of a labor organization affected by any violation of this title (except section 301) may bring a 

civil action in any district court of the United States having jurisdiction of the 

labor organization for such relief (including injunctions) as may be appropriate. 

 (b) For the purpose of actions under this section, district courts of the 

United States shall be deemed to have jurisdiction of a labor organization (1) in 

the district in which the principal office of such labor organization is located, or 

(2) in any district in which its duly authorized officers or agents are engaged in 

conducting the affairs of the trusteeship. 

 (c) In any proceeding pursuant to this section a trusteeship established by a 

labor organization in conformity with the procedural requirements of its constitution and bylaws and authorized or ratified after a fair hearing either before the 

executive board or before such other body as may be provided in accordance 

with its constitution or bylaws shall be presumed valid for a period of eighteen 

months from the date of its establishment and shall not be subject to attack during such period except upon clear and convincing proof that the trusteeship was 

not established or maintained in good faith for a purpose allowable under section 

302. After the expiration of eighteen months the trusteeship shall be presumed 

invalid in any such proceeding and its discontinuance shall be decreed unless the 

labor organization shall show by clear and convincing proof that the continuation of the trusteeship is necessary for a purpose allowable under section 302. In 

the latter event the court may dismiss the complaint or retain jurisdiction of the 

cause on such conditions and for such period as it deems appropriate. 

 18 
Report to Congress

 (29 U.S.C. 465) 

 SEC. 305. The Secretary shall submit to the Congress at the expiration of three 

years from the date of enactment of this Act a report upon the operation of this title. 

Complaint by Secretary 

 (29 U.S.C. 466) 

 SEC. 306. The rights and remedies provided by this title shall be in addition to 

any and all other rights and remedies at law or in equity: Provided, That upon the filing of a complaint by the Secretary the jurisdiction of the district court over such 

trusteeship shall be exclusive and the final judgment shall be res judicata. 

 19 
73 Stat. 533. 

TITLE IV—ELECTIONS 

Terms of Office; Election Procedures 

 (29 U.S.C. 481) 

 SEC. 401. (a) Every national or international labor organization, except a 

federation of national or international labor organizations, shall elect its officers 

not less often than once every five years either by secret ballot among the members in good standing or at a convention of delegates chosen by secret ballot. 

 (b) Every local labor organization shall elect its officers not less often than 

once every three years by secret ballot among the members in good standing. 

 (c) Every national or international labor organization, except a federation 

of national or international labor organizations, and every local labor organization, and its officers, shall be under a duty, enforceable at the suit of any bona 

fide candidate for office in such labor organization in the district court of the 

United States in which such labor organization maintains its principal office, to 

comply with all reasonable requests of any candidate to distribute by mail or 

otherwise at the candidate's expense campaign literature in aid of such person's 

candidacy to all members in good standing of such labor organization and to refrain from discrimination in favor of or against any candidate with respect to the 

use of lists of members, and whenever such labor organizations or its officers 

authorize the distribution by mail or otherwise to members of campaign literature on behalf of any candidate or of the labor organization itself with reference 

to such election, similar distribution at the request of any other bona fide candidate shall be made by such labor organization and its officers, with equal treatment as to the expense of such distribution. Every bona fide candidate shall have 

the right, once within 30 days prior to an election of a labor organization in 

which he is a candidate, to inspect a list containing the names and last known 

addresses of all members of the labor organization who are subject to a collective bargaining agreement requiring membership therein as a condition of employment, which list shall be maintained and kept at the principal office of such 

labor organization by a designated official thereof. Adequate safeguards to insure a fair election shall be provided, including the right of any candidate to 

have an observer at the polls and at the counting of the ballots. 

 (d) Officers of intermediate bodies, such as general committees, system 

boards, joint boards, or joint councils, shall be elected not less often than once 

every four years by secret ballot among the members in good standing or by labor organization officers representative of such members who have been elected 

by secret ballot. 

 (e) In any election required by this section which is to be held by secret 

ballot a reasonable opportunity shall be given for the nomination of candidates 

and every member in good standing shall be eligible to be a candidate and to 

hold office (subject to section 504 and to reasonable qualifications uniformly 

imposed) and shall have the right to vote for or otherwise support the candidate 

or candidates of his choice, without being subject to penalty, discipline, or improper interference or reprisal of any kind by such organization or any member 

thereof. Not less than fifteen days prior to the election notice thereof shall be 

mailed to each member at his last known home address. Each member in good 

standing shall be entitled to one vote. No member whose dues have been withheld by his employer for payment to such organization pursuant to his voluntary 

authorization provided for in a collective bargaining agreement shall be declared 

ineligible to vote or be a candidate for office in such organization by reason of 

alleged delay or default in the payment of dues. The votes cast by members of 

each local labor organization shall be counted, and the results published, separately. The election officials designated in the constitution and bylaws or the 

 20 
secretary, if no other official is designated, shall preserve for one year the ballots 

and all other records pertaining to the election. The election shall be conducted 

in accordance with the constitution and bylaws of such organization insofar as 

they are not inconsistent with the provisions of this title. 

 (f) When officers are chosen by a convention of delegates elected by secret ballot, the convention shall be conducted in accordance with the constitution 

and bylaws of the labor organization insofar as they are not inconsistent with the 

provisions of this title. The officials designated in the constitution and bylaws or 

the secretary, if no other is designated, shall preserve for one year the credentials 

of the delegates and all minutes and other records of the convention pertaining 

to the election of officers. 

 (g) No moneys received by any labor organization by way of dues, assessment, or similar levy, and no moneys of an employer shall be contributed or 

applied to promote the candidacy of any person in an election subject to the provisions of this title. Such moneys of a labor organization may be utilized for notices, factual statements of issues not involving candidates, and other expenses 

necessary for the holding of an election. 

 (h) If the Secretary, upon application of any member of a local labor organization, finds after hearing in accordance with the Administrative Procedure 

Act that the constitution and bylaws of such labor organization do not provide 

an adequate procedure for the removal of an elected officer guilty of serious 

misconduct, such officer may be removed, for cause shown and after notice and 

hearing, by the members in good standing voting in a secret ballot conducted by 

the officers of such labor organization in accordance with its constitution and 

bylaws insofar as they are not inconsistent with the provisions of this title. 

 (i) The Secretary shall promulgate rules and regulations prescribing 

minimum standards and procedures for determining the adequacy of the removal 

procedures to which reference is made in subsection (h). 

Enforcement 

 (29 U.S.C. 482) 

 SEC. 402. (a) A member of a labor organization— 

 (1) who has exhausted the remedies available under the constitu-

 tion and bylaws of such organization and of any parent body, or 

 (2) who has invoked such available remedies without obtaining a 

 final decision within three calendar months after their invocation, 

may file a complaint with the Secretary within one calendar month thereafter alleging the violation of any provision of section 401 (including violation of the 

constitution and bylaws of the labor organization pertaining to the election and 

removal of officers). The challenged election shall be presumed valid pending a 

final decision thereon (as hereinafter provided) and in the interim the affairs of 

the organization shall be conducted by the officers elected or in such other manner as its constitution and bylaws may provide. 

 (b) The Secretary shall investigate such complaint and, if he finds probable cause to believe that a violation of this title has occurred and has not been 

remedied, he shall, within sixty days after the filing of such complaint, bring a 

civil action against the labor organization as an entity in the district court of the 

United States in which such labor organization maintains its principal office to 

set aside the invalid election, if any, and to direct the conduct of an election or 

hearing and vote upon the removal of officers under the supervision of the Secretary and in accordance with the provisions of this title and such rules and regulations as the Secretary may prescribe. The court shall have power to take such 

action as it deems proper to preserve the assets of the labor organization. 

 (c) If, upon a preponderance of the evidence after a trial upon the merits, 

the court finds— 

73 Stat. 534. 

21 
73 Stat. 535. 

 

 

 (1) that an election has not been held within the time prescribed by 

 section 401, or 

 (2) that the violation of section 401 may have affected the outcome 

of an election, 

the court shall declare the election, if any, to be void and direct the conduct of a 

new election under supervision of the Secretary and, so far as lawful and practicable, in conformity with the constitution and bylaws of the labor organization. 

The Secretary shall promptly certify to the court the names of the persons 

elected, and the court shall thereupon enter a decree declaring such persons to be 

the officers of the labor organization. If the proceeding is for the removal of officers pursuant to subsection (h) of section 401, the Secretary shall certify the results of the vote and the court shall enter a decree declaring whether such persons have been removed as officers of the labor organization. 

 (d) An order directing an election, dismissing a complaint, or designating 

elected officers of a labor organization shall be appealable in the same manner 

as the final judgment in a civil action, but an order directing an election shall not 

be stayed pending appeal. 

Application of Other Laws 

 (29 U.S.C. 483) 

 SEC. 403. No labor organization shall be required by law to conduct elections of officers with greater frequency or in a different form or manner than is 

required by its own constitution or bylaws, except as otherwise provided by this 

title. Existing rights and remedies to enforce the constitution and bylaws of a labor organization with respect to elections prior to the conduct thereof shall not 

be affected by the provisions of this title. The remedy provided by this title for 

challenging an election already conducted shall be exclusive. 

Effective Date 

 (29 U.S.C. 484) 

 SEC. 404. The provisions of this title shall become applicable— 

 (1) ninety days after the date of enactment of this Act in the case of 

 a labor organization whose constitution and bylaws can lawfully be 

 modified or amended by action of its constitutional officers or govern-

 ing body, or 

 (2) where such modification can only be made by a constitutional 

 convention of the labor organization, not later than the next consti-

 tutional convention of such labor organization after the date of en-

 actment of this Act, or one year after such date, whichever is sooner. 

 If no such convention is held within such one-year period, the executive 

 board or similar governing body empowered to act for such labor 

 organization between conventions is empowered to make such interim

 constitutional changes as are necessary to carry out the provisions of this 

 title. 

 22 
TITLE V—SAFEGUARDS FOR LABOR ORGANIZATIONS 

Fiduciary Responsibility of Officers of Labor Organizations 

 (29 U.S.C. 501) 

 SEC. 501. (a) The officers, agents, shop stewards, and other representatives of a labor organization occupy positions of trust in relation to such organization and its members as a group. It is, therefore, the duty of each such person, 

taking into account the special problems and functions of a labor organization, 

to hold its money and property solely for the benefit of the organization and its 

members and to manage, invest, and expend the same in accordance with its 

constitution and bylaws and any resolutions of the governing bodies adopted 

thereunder, to refrain from dealing with such organization as an adverse party or 

in behalf of an adverse party in any matter connected with his duties and from 

holding or acquiring any pecuniary or personal interest which conflicts with the 

interests of such organization, and to account to the organization for any profit 

received by him in whatever capacity in connection with transactions conducted 

by him or under his direction on behalf of the organization. A general exculpatory provision in the constitution and bylaws of such a labor organization or a 

general exculpatory resolution of a governing body purporting to relieve any 

such person of liability for breach of the duties declared by this section shall be 

void as against public policy. 

 (b) When any officer, agent, shop steward, or representative of any labor 

organization is alleged to have violated the duties declared in subsection (a) and 

the labor organization or its governing board or officers refuse or fail to sue or 

recover damages or secure an accounting or other appropriate relief within a reasonable time after being requested to do so by any member of the labor organization, such member may sue such officer, agent, shop steward, or representative in any district court of the United States or in any State court of competent 

jurisdiction to recover damages or secure an accounting or other appropriate relief for the benefit of the labor organization. No such proceeding shall be 

brought except upon leave of the court obtained upon verified application and 

for good cause shown which application may be made ex parte. The trial judge 

may allot a reasonable part of the recovery in any action under this subsection to 

pay the fees of counsel prosecuting the suit at the instance of the member of the 

labor organization and to compensate such member for any expenses necessarily 

paid or incurred by him in connection with the litigation. 

 (c) Any person who embezzles, steals, or unlawfully and willfully abstracts or converts to his own use, or the use of another, any of the moneys, 

funds, securities, property, or other assets of a labor organization of which he is 

an officer, or by which he is employed, directly or indirectly, shall be fined not 

more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than five years, or both. 

Bonding 

 (29 U.S.C. 502) 

 SEC. 502. (a)8

 Every officer, agent, shop steward, or other representative 

or employee of any labor organization (other than a labor organization whose 

property and annual financial receipts do not exceed $5,000 in value), or of a 

trust in which a labor organization is interested, who handles funds or other 

property thereof shall be bonded to provide protection against loss by reason 

8

Prior to amendment by section 1 of Public Law 89-216, the first sentence of section 502(a) read as follows: “Sec. 502(a). Every officer, agent, shop steward, or other representative or employee of any labor organization (other than a labor organization whose property and annual financial receipts do not exceed 

$5,000 in value), or of a trust in which a labor organization is interested, who handles funds or other property thereof shall be bonded for the faithful discharge of his duties.” Section 1 of Public Law 89-216 also 

added the proviso at the end of section 502(a).

73 Stat. 536.

 23 
61 Stat. 648. 

of acts of fraud or dishonesty on his part directly or through connivance 

with others. The bond of each such person shall be fixed at the beginning of the 

organization's fiscal year and shall be in an amount not less than 10 per centum 

of the funds handled by him and his predecessor or predecessors, if any, during 

the preceding fiscal year, but in no case more than $500,000. If the labor organization or the trust in which a labor organization is interested does not have a 

preceding fiscal year, the amount of the bond shall be, in the case of a local labor organization, not less than $1,000, and in the case of any other labor organization or of a trust in which a labor organization is interested, not less than 

$10,000. Such bonds shall be individual or schedule in form, and shall have a 

corporate surety company as surety thereon. Any person who is not covered by 

such bonds shall not be permitted to receive, handle, disburse, or otherwise exercise custody or control of the funds or other property of a labor organization or 

of a trust in which a labor organization is interested. No such bond shall be 

placed through an agent or broker or with a surety company in which any labor 

organization or any officer, agent, shop steward, or other representative of a labor organization has any direct or indirect interest. Such surety company shall 

be a corporate surety which holds a grant of authority from the Secretary of the 

Treasury under the Act of July 30, 1947 (6 U.S.C. 6-13), as an acceptable surety 

on Federal bonds: Provided, That when in the opinion of the Secretary a labor organization has made other bonding arrangements which would provide the protection required by this section at comparable cost or less, he 

may exempt such labor organization from placing a bond through a surety 

company holding such grant of authority.

 (b) Any person who willfully violates this section shall be fined not more 

than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both. 

Making of Loans; Payment of Fines 

 (29 U.S.C. 503) 

 SEC. 503. (a) No labor organization shall make directly or indirectly any 

loan or loans to any officer or employee of such organization which results in a 

total indebtedness on the part of such officer or employee to the labor organization in excess of $2,000. 

 (b) No labor organization or employer shall directly or indirectly pay the 

fine of any officer or employee convicted of any willful violation of this Act. 

 (c) Any person who willfully violates this section shall be fined not more 

than $5,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both. 

Prohibition Against Certain Persons Holding Office 

 (29 U.S.C. 504) 

 SEC. 504. (a) No person who is or has been a member of the Communist 

Party9 or who has been convicted of, or served any part of a prison term resulting from his conviction of, robbery, bribery, extortion, embezzlement, grand larceny, burglary, arson, violation of narcotics laws, murder, rape, assault with intent to kill, assault which inflicts grievous bodily injury, or a violation of title II 

or III of this Act,10 any felony involving abuse or misuse of such person's position or employment in a labor organization or employee benefit plan to 

seek or obtain an illegal gain at the expense of the members of the labor 

9

The U.S. Supreme Court, on June 7, 1965, held unconstitutional as a bill of attainder the section 504 

provision which imposes criminal sanctions on Communist Party members for holding union office (U.S. v. 

Brown, 381 U.S. 437, 85 S. Ct. 1707). 

10The following text shows changes made by Public Law 98-473, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2031, 2133, 

2134 and by Public Law 100-182, Dec. 7, 1987, 101 Stat. 1266, 1269. Public Law 99-217, Dec. 26, 1985, 99 

Stat. 1728, changed the effective date for the amendment made by Public Law 98-473, 98 Stat. 2031, from 

Nov. 1, 1986, to Nov. 1, 1987; Public Law 100-182, 101 Stat. 1266, made that amendment applicable only to 

crimes committed after Nov. 1, 1987. 

 24 
organization or the beneficiaries of the employee benefit plan, or conspiracy 

to commit any such crimes or attempt to commit any such crimes, or a 

crime in which any of the foregoing crimes is an element, shall serve or be 

permitted to serve— 

 (1) as a consultant or adviser to any labor organization, 

 (2) as an officer, director, trustee, member of any executive 

board or similar governing body, business agent, manager, organizer, 

employee, or representative in any capacity of any labor organization, 

 (3) as a labor relations consultant or adviser to a person engaged 

in an industry or activity affecting commerce, or as an officer, director, agent, or employee of any group or association of employers dealing with any labor organization, or in a position having specific collective bargaining authority or direct responsibility in the area of labormanagement relations in any corporation or association engaged in an 

industry or activity affecting commerce, or 

 (4) in a position which entitles its occupant to a share of the proceeds of, or as an officer or executive or administrative employee of, 

any entity whose activities are in whole or substantial part devoted to 

providing goods or services to any labor organization, or 

 (5) in any capacity, other than in his capacity as a member of 

such labor organization, that involves decisionmaking authority concerning, or decisionmaking authority over, or custody of, or control of 

the moneys, funds, assets, or property of any labor organization, 

during or for the period of thirteen years after such conviction or after the 

end of such imprisonment, whichever is later, unless the sentencing court 

on the motion of the person convicted sets a lesser period of at least three 

years after such conviction or after the end of such imprisonment, whichever is later, or unless prior to the end of such period, in the case of a person so convicted or imprisoned, (A) his citizenship rights, having been revoked as a result of such conviction, have been fully restored, or (B) if the 

offense is a Federal offense, the sentencing judge or, if the offense is a State 

or local offense, the United States district court for the district in which the 

offense was committed, pursuant to sentencing guidelines and policy statements under section 994(a) of title 28, United States Code, determines that 

such person's service in any capacity referred to in clauses (1) through (5) 

would not be contrary to the purposes of this Act. Prior to making any such 

determination the court shall hold a hearing and shall give notice of such 

proceeding by certified mail to the Secretary of Labor and to State, county, 

and Federal prosecuting officials in the jurisdiction or jurisdictions in 

which such person was convicted. The court's determination in any such 

proceeding shall be final. No person shall knowingly hire, retain, employ, or 

otherwise place any other person to serve in any capacity in violation of this subsection. 

 (b) Any person who willfully violates this section shall be fined not 

more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than five years, or both. 

 (c) For the purpose of this section— 

 (1) A person shall be deemed to have been “convicted” and under the 

disability of “conviction” from the date of the judgment of the trial court, 

regardless of whether that judgment remains under appeal. 

 (2) A period of parole shall not be considered as part of a period 

 of imprisonment. 

 (d) Whenever any person— 

 (1) by operation of this section, has been barred from office or 

 other position in a labor organization as a result of a conviction, and 

(2) has filed an appeal of that conviction, any salary which would 

be otherwise due such person by virtue of such office or position, shall 

 25 
29 U.S.C. 186. 

73 Stat. 538. 

92 Stat. 538. 

be placed in escrow by the individual employer or organization responsible 

for payment of such salary. Payment of such salary into escrow shall continue for the duration of the appeal or for the period of time during which 

such salary would be otherwise due, whichever period is shorter. Upon the 

final reversal of such person's conviction on appeal, the amounts in escrow 

shall be paid to such person. Upon the final sustaining of such person's conviction on appeal, the amounts in escrow shall be returned to the individual 

employer or organization responsible for payments of those amounts. Upon 

final reversal of such person's conviction, such person shall no longer be 

barred by this statute from assuming any position from which such person 

was previously barred. 

Amendment to Section 302, Labor Management Relations Act, 

 1947 

 SEC. 505. Subsections (a), (b), and (c) of section 302 of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947, as amended, are amended to read as follows: 11 SEC. 302. (a) It shall be unlawful for any employer or association of employers or any person who acts as a labor relations expert, adviser, or consultant 

to an employer or who acts in the interest of an employer to pay, lend, or deliver, or agree to pay, lend, or deliver, any money or other thing of value- 

 (1) to any representative of any of his employees who are employed 

in an industry affecting commerce; or 

 (2) to any labor organization, or any officer or employee thereof, 

which represents, seeks to represent, or would admit to membership, any 

of the employees of such employer who are employed in an industry affecting commerce; or 

 (3) to any employee or group or committee of employees of such 

employer employed in an industry affecting commerce in excess of their 

normal compensation for the purpose of causing such employee or group 

or committee directly or indirectly to influence any other employees in the 

exercise of the right to organize and bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing; or 

 (4) to any officer or employee of a labor organization engaged in an 

industry affecting commerce with intent to influence him in respect to any 

of his actions, decisions, or duties as a representative of employees or as 

such officer or employee of such labor organization. 

 (b)(1) It shall be unlawful for any person to request, demand, receive, or 

accept, or agree to receive or accept, any payment, loan, or delivery of any 

money or other thing of value prohibited by subsection (a). 

 (2) It shall be unlawful for any labor organization, or for any person acting 

as an officer, agent, representative, or employee of such labor organization, to 

demand or accept from the operator of any motor vehicle (as defined in section 

10101 of Title 49)12 employed in the transportation of property in commerce, or 

the employer of any such operator, any money or other thing of value payable to 

such organization or to an officer, agent, representative or employee thereof as a 

fee or charge for the unloading, or in connection with the unloading, of the cargo 

of such vehicle: Provided, That nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to 

make unlawful any payment by an employer to any of his employees as compensation for their services as employees. 

11This reprinted text of subsections (a), (b), and (c) of section 302 of the Labor Management Relations 

Act, 1947, does not reflect the amended text as originally found in the Labor-Management Reporting and 

Disclosure Act of 1959. It does, however, reflect the legislative changes which have occurred to those subsections from 1959 through October 1991. 12In subsection (b)(2) of section 302 of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947, the phrase “section 

10101 of Title 49” was substituted for the phrase “part II of the Interstate Commerce Act [49 U.S.C. 301 et. 

seq.]” by section 3(b) of Public Law 95-473, October 17, 1978. 

 

 26 
 (c) The provisions of this section shall not be applicable (1) in respect to 

any money or other thing of value payable by an employer to any of his employees whose established duties include acting openly for such employer in matters 

of labor relations or personnel administration or to any representative of his employees, or to any officer or employee of a labor organization, who is also an 

employee or former employee of such employer, as compensation for, or by reason of, his service as an employee of such employer; (2) with respect to the 

payment or delivery of any money or other thing of value in satisfaction of a 

judgment of any court or a decision or award of an arbitrator or impartial chairman or in compromise, adjustment, settlement, or release of any claim, complaint, grievance, or dispute in the absence of fraud or duress; (3) with respect to 

the sale or purchase of an article or commodity at the prevailing market price in 

the regular course of business; (4) with respect to money deducted from the 

wages of employees in payment of membership dues in a labor organization: 

Provided, That the employer has received from each employee, on whose account such deductions are made, a written assignment which shall not be irrevocable for a period of more than one year, or beyond the termination date of the 

applicable collective agreement, whichever occurs sooner; (5) with respect to 

money or other thing of value paid to a trust fund established by such representative, for the sole and exclusive benefit of the employees of such employer, and 

their families and dependents (or of such employees, families, and dependents 

jointly with the employees of other employers making similar payments, and 

their families and dependents): Provided, That (A) such payments are held in 

trust for the purpose of paying, either from principal or income or both, for the 

benefit of employees, their families and dependents, for medical or hospital care, 

pensions on retirement or death of employees, compensation for injuries or illness resulting from occupational activity or insurance to provide any of the foregoing, or unemployment benefits or life insurance, disability and sickness insurance, or accident insurance; (B) the detailed basis on which such payments are 

to be made is specified in a written agreement with the employer, and employees 

and employers are equally represented in the administration of such fund, together with such neutral persons as the representatives of the employers and the 

representatives of employees may agree upon and in the event the employer and 

employee groups deadlock on the administration of such fund and there are no 

neutral persons empowered to break such deadlock, such agreement provides 

that the two groups shall agree on an impartial umpire to decide such dispute, or 

in event of their failure to agree within a reasonable length of time, an impartial 

umpire to decide such dispute shall, on petition of either group, be appointed by 

the district court of the United States for the district where the trust fund has its 

principal office, and shall also contain provisions for an annual audit of the trust 

fund, a statement of the results of which shall be available for inspection by interested persons at the principal office of the trust fund and at such other places 

as may be designated in such written agreement; and (C) such payments as are 

intended to be used for the purpose of providing pensions or annuities for employees are made to a separate trust which provides that the funds held therein 

cannot be used for any purpose other than paying such pensions or annuities; (6) 

with respect to money or other thing of value paid by any employer to a trust 

fund established by such representative for the purpose of pooled vacation, holiday, severance or similar benefits, or defraying costs of apprenticeship or other 

training programs: Provided, That the requirements of clause (B) of the proviso 

to clause (5) of this subsection shall apply to such trust funds; (7) with respect to 

money or other thing of value paid by any employer to a pooled or individual 

trust fund established by such representative for the purpose of (A) scholarships 

for the benefit of employees, their families, and dependents for study at educa73 Stat. 539. 

83 Stat. 133. 

 27 
104 Stat. 138. 

87 Stat. 314. 

92 Stat. 2021.

tional institutions, (B) child care centers for preschool and school age dependents of 

employees, or (C) financial assistance for employee housing:13 Provided, That no 

labor organization or employer shall be required to bargain on the establishment of 

any such trust fund, and refusal to do so shall not constitute an unfair labor practice: 

Provided further, That the requirements of clause (B) of the proviso to clause (5) of 

this subsection shall apply to such trust funds; (8) with respect to money or any 

other thing of value paid by any employer to a trust fund established by such representative for the purpose of defraying the costs of legal services for employees, 

their families, and dependents for counsel or plan of their choice: Provided, That 

the requirements of clause (B) of the proviso to clause (5) of this subsection shall 

apply to such trust funds: Provided further, That no such legal services shall be furnished: (A) to initiate any proceeding directed (i) against any such employer or its 

officers or agents except in workman's compensation cases, or (ii) against such labor organization, or its parent or subordinate bodies, or their officers or agents, or 

(iii) against any other employer or labor organization, or their officers or agents, in 

any matter arising under the National Labor Relations Act, as amended, or this Act; 

and (B) in any proceeding where a labor organization would be prohibited from defraying the costs of legal services by the provisions of the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959; or (9) with respect to money or other things of 

value paid by an employer to a plant, area or industrywide labor management 

committee established for one or more of the purposes set forth in section 5(b)14 of 

the Labor Management Cooperation Act of 1978.15

[The remaining subsections, (d) through (g), of section 302 of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947, are found at 29 U.S.C. 186(d) through (g).] 

13Subsection (c)(7)(C) of section 302 of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947, was added by section 1 

of Public Law 101-273, April 18, l990. 14Section 5(b) of the Labor Management Cooperation Act of 1978 probably means section 6(b) of Public 

Law 95-524 (92 Stat. 2020; 29 U.S.C. 175a note). 15Subsection (b)(7) of section 302 of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947 was added by Public Law 

91-86, Oct. 14, 1969; subsection (b)(8) by Public Law 93-95, Aug. 15, 1973; and subsection (b)(9) by section 6(d) 

of Public Law 95-524, Oct. 27, 1978. 

 28 
TITLE VI ― MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 

Investigations 

 (29 U.S.C. 521) 

 SEC. 601. (a) The Secretary shall have power when he believes it necessary in order to determine whether any person has violated or is about to violate 

any provision of this Act (except title I or amendments made by this Act to other 

statutes) to make an investigation and in connection therewith he may enter such 

places and inspect such records and accounts and question such persons as he 

may deem necessary to enable him to determine the facts relative thereto. The 

Secretary may report to interested persons or officials concerning the facts required to be shown in any report required by this Act and concerning the reasons 

for failure or refusal to file such a report or any other matter which he deems to 

be appropriate as a result of such an investigation. 

 (b) For the purpose of any investigation provided for in this Act, the provisions of sections 9 and 10 (relating to the attendance of witnesses and the production of books, papers, and documents) of the Federal Trade Commission Act 

of September 16, 1914, as amended (15 U.S.C. 49, 50), are hereby made applicable to the jurisdiction, powers, and duties of the Secretary or any officers designated by him. 

Extortionate Picketing 

 (29 U.S.C. 522) 

 SEC. 602. (a) It shall be unlawful to carry on picketing on or about the 

premises of any employer for the purpose of, or as part of any conspiracy or in 

furtherance of any plan or purpose for, the personal profit or enrichment of any 

individual (except a bona fide increase in wages or other employee benefits) by 

taking or obtaining any money or other thing of value from such employer 

against his will or with his consent. 

 (b) Any person who willfully violates this section shall be fined not more 

than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than twenty years, or both. 

Retention of Rights under Other Federal and State Laws 

 (29 U.S.C. 523) 

 SEC. 603. (a) Except as explicitly provided to the contrary, nothing in this 

Act shall reduce or limit the responsibilities of any labor organization or any officer, agent, shop steward, or other representative of a labor organization, or of 

any trust in which a labor organization is interested, under any other Federal law 

or under the laws of any State, and, except as explicitly provided to the contrary, 

nothing in this Act shall take away any right or bar any remedy to which members of a labor organization are entitled under such other Federal law or law of 

any State. 

 (b) Nothing contained in titles I, II, III, IV, V, or VI of this Act shall be 

construed to supersede or impair or otherwise affect the provisions of the Railway Labor Act, as amended, or any of the obligations, rights, benefits, privileges, or immunities of any carrier, employee, organization, representative, or 

person subject thereto; nor shall anything contained in said titles (except section 

505) of this Act be construed to confer any rights, privileges, immunities, or defenses upon employers, or to impair or otherwise affect the rights of any person 

under the National Labor Relations Act, as amended. 

38 Stat. 717.

73. Stat. 540.

44 Stat. 577; 

45 U.S.C. 151.

61 Stat. 136; 

29 U.S.C. 167.

29 
80 Stat. 381; 

5 U.S.C. 551.

73 Stat. 541. 

Effect on State Laws 

 (29 U.S.C. 524) 

 SEC. 604. Nothing in this Act shall be construed to impair or diminish the 

authority of any State to enact and enforce general criminal laws with respect to 

robbery, bribery, extortion, embezzlement, grand larceny, burglary, arson, violation of narcotics laws, murder, rape, assault with intent to kill, or assault which 

inflicts grievous bodily injury, or conspiracy to commit any of such crimes. 

Service of Process 

(29 U.S.C. 525) 

 SEC. 605. For the purposes of this Act, service of summons, subpoena, or 

other legal process of a court of the United States upon an officer or agent of a 

labor organization in his capacity as such shall constitute service upon the labor 

organization. 

Administrative Procedure Act 

 (29 U.S.C. 526) 

 SEC. 606. The provisions of the Administrative Procedure Act shall be 

applicable to the issuance, amendment, or rescission of any rules or regulations 

or any adjudication, authorized or required pursuant to the provisions of this Act. 

Other Agencies and Departments 

 (29 U.S.C. 527) 

 SEC. 607. In order to avoid unnecessary expense and duplication of functions among Government agencies, the Secretary may make such arrangements 

or agreements for cooperation or mutual assistance in the performance of his 

functions under this Act and the functions of any such agency as he may find to 

be practicable and consistent with law. The Secretary may utilize the facilities or 

services of any department, agency, or establishment of the United States or of 

any State or political subdivision of a State, including the services of any of its 

employees, with the lawful consent of such department, agency, or establishment; and each department, agency, or establishment of the United States is authorized and directed to cooperate with the Secretary and, to the extent permitted 

by law, to provide such information and facilities as he may request for his assistance in the performance of his functions under this Act. The Attorney General or his representative shall receive from the Secretary for appropriate action 

such evidence developed in the performance of his functions under this Act as 

may be found to warrant consideration for criminal prosecution under the provisions of this Act or other Federal law. 

Criminal Contempt 

 (29 U.S.C. 528) 

 SEC. 608. No person shall be punished for any criminal contempt allegedly committed outside the immediate presence of the court in connection with 

any civil action prosecuted by the Secretary or any other person in any court of 

the United States under the provisions of this Act unless the facts constituting 

such criminal contempt are established by the verdict of the jury in a proceeding 

in the district court of the United States, which jury shall be chosen and empaneled in the manner prescribed by the law governing trial juries in criminal prosecutions in the district courts of the United States. 

 30
Prohibition on Certain Discipline by Labor Organization 

 (29 U.S.C. 529) 

 SEC. 609. It shall be unlawful for any labor organization, or any officer, 

agent, shop steward, or other representative of a labor organization, or any employee thereof to fine, suspend, expel, or otherwise discipline any of its members for exercising any right to which he is entitled under the provisions of this 

Act. The provisions of section 102 shall be applicable in the enforcement of this 

section. 

Deprivation of Rights under Act by Violence 

 (29 U.S.C. 530) 

 SEC. 610. It shall be unlawful for any person through the use of force or 

violence, or threat of the use of force or violence, to restrain, coerce, or intimidate, or attempt to restrain, coerce, or intimidate any member of a labor organization for the purpose of interfering with or preventing the exercise of any right 

to which he is entitled under the provisions of this Act. Any person who willfully violates this section shall be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned for 

not more than one year, or both. 

Separability Provisions 

 (29 U.S.C. 531) 

 SEC. 611. If any provision of this Act, or the application of such provision 

to any person or circumstances, shall be held invalid, the remainder of this Act 

or the application of such provision to persons or circumstances other than those 

as to which it is held invalid, shall not be affected thereby. 

 31 
TITLE VII—AMENDMENTS TO THE LABOR MANAGEMENT 

 RELATIONS ACT, 1947, AS AMENDED 

[The text of sections 701 through 707 is not included here. However, the complete 

text of the Title VII, Amendments to the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947, As 

Amended, may be found in Public Law 86-257.] 

32