COURT OF APPEALS

EIGHTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

EL PASO, TEXAS

(ONE) 2000 FREIGHTLINER

TRUCK-TRACTOR

VIN: 1FUYDSEBXYDB07196 AND

SIX HUNDRED NINETY FOUR 

DOLLARS AND TWELVE CENTS

($694.12) IN UNITED STATES

CURRENCY,

 Appellant,

v.

THE STATE OF TEXAS,

 Appellee. 

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No. 08-12-00367-CV

Appeal from

Criminal District Court No. 1

of El Paso County, Texas

(TC # 2012DCV04469)

O P I N I O N

Pedro Guerrero is appealing a no-answer default judgment granted in favor of the State of 

Texas in a civil forfeiture case. We reverse and remand for a new trial.

FACTUAL SUMMARY

On June 14, 2012, the State filed a notice of seizure and intended forfeiture of a 2000 

Freightliner truck-tractor and $694.12 in United States currency alleging that the property was 

contraband and subject to forfeiture under Chapter 59 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure. 

The petition alleged that Pedro Guerrero is the possessor and owner of the property and he could 
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be served at a certain street address in Tonopah, Arizona.1 A process server attempted to serve 

Guerrero with the notice of seizure and forfeiture by certified mail sent to the Tonopah address 

but it was returned on June 19, 2012 by the U.S. Postal Service marked “RETURN TO SENDER

ATTEMPTED NOT KNOWN, UNABLE TO FORWARD.” On July 23, 2012, the trial court 

signed an order authorizing substituted service by posting the original notice of seizure at the El 

Paso County Courthouse for a period of thirty days, but the State did not file its motion for 

substituted service and the supporting affidavit from the process server until August 2, 2012. 

The trial court granted the default judgment forfeiting the property to the State on November 2, 

2012. 

SUBSTITUTED SERVICE

Guerrero attacks the default judgment by nine issues on appeal. In Issue One, he 

contends that the default judgment must be set aside because the trial court entered the 

substituted service order without first being presented with a motion requesting substituted 

service. The State acknowledges that its substituted service motion was not filed with the trial 

court clerk prior to the court’s entry of the substituted service order and it concedes that its 

motion does not strictly comply with the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure. The State concludes 

that if strict compliance is required, the default judgment must be set aside. The State’s candor is 

appreciated but it does not relieve the Court of its obligation to engage in an independent review 

of the first issue to determine whether it has merit and requires reversal of the judgment. See 

Texas Farmers Insurance Company v. Cameron, 24 S.W.3d 386, 398, n.2 (Tex.App.--Dallas 

2000, pet. denied); Haas v. Voigt, 940 S.W.2d 198, 201 & n.1 (Tex.App.--San Antonio 1996, 

writ denied).

Personal jurisdiction, a vital component of a valid judgment, is dependent “upon citation 

 

1 The petition also named Pablo Daniel Tapia as a respondent but he is not a party to this appeal.
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issued and served in a manner provided for by law.” In re E.R., 385 S.W.3d 552, 563 (Tex.

2012), quoting Wilson v. Dunn, 800 S.W.2d 833, 836 (Tex. 1990). If service is invalid, it cannot 

establish the trial court’s jurisdiction over a party. In re E.R., 385 S.W.3d at 563. Defective 

service may be raised for the first time on appeal. See Wilson, 800 S.W.2d at 837. A default 

judgment is improper against a defendant who has not been served in strict compliance with the 

rules governing service of process even if he has actual knowledge of the lawsuit. Primate 

Construction, Inc. v. Silver, 884 S.W.2d 151, 152 (Tex. 1994); Wilson, 800 S.W.2d at 836. 

Rule 106(a) provides that unless the citation or an order of the court otherwise directs, the 

citation shall be served by any person authorized by Rule 103 by (1) delivering to the defendant, 

in person, a true copy of the citation with the date of delivery endorsed thereon with a copy of 

the petition attached thereto, or (2) mailing to the defendant by registered or certified mail, return 

receipt requested, a true copy of the citation with a copy of the petition attached thereto. 

TEX.R.CIV.P. 106(a). The trial court may, upon motion and supporting affidavit, enter an order 

authorizing substituted service. TEX.R.CIV.P. 106(b). It is undisputed that the State’s motion for 

substituted service and supporting affidavit had not been filed when the trial court entered the 

order authorizing the process server to serve Guerrero by posting the forfeiture notice in the 

courthouse. We conclude that the record fails to show that Guerrero was served in strict 

compliance with Rule 106(b). Accordingly, Issue One is sustained. It is unnecessary to address 

the remaining eight issues. The default judgment entered against Guerrero is reversed and the 

cause is remanded for a new trial.

March 19, 2014

ANN CRAWFORD McCLURE, Chief Justice

Before McClure, C.J., Rivera, and Rodriguez, JJ.