Slip Op. 23-67 UNITED STATES COURT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE BIOPARQUES DE OCCIDENTE, S.A. DE C.V., AGRICOLA LA PRIMAVERA, S.A. DE C.V., AND KALIROY FRESH LLC, Plaintiffs, CONFEDERACION DE ASOCIACIONES AGRICOLAS DEL ESTADO DE SINALOA, A.C., CONSEJO AGRICOLA DE BAJA CALIFORNIA, A.C., ASOCIACION MEXICANA DE HORTICULTURA PROTEGIDA, A.C., ASOCIACION DE PRODUCTORES DE HORTALIZAS DEL YAQUI Y MAYO, AND SISTEMA PRODUCTO TOMATE, Consolidated Plaintiffs,
v. UNITED STATES, Defendant, and THE FLORIDA TOMATO EXCHANGE, Defendant-Intervenor. Before: Jennifer Choe-Groves, Judge Consol. Court No. 19-00204Consol. Court No. 19-00204 Page 2
OPINION AND ORDER [Granting in part and denying in part Defendant’s motion to dismiss and granting in part and denying in part Defendant- Intervenor’s motion to dismiss.] Dated: May 1, 2023 Jeffrey M. Winton, Michael J. Chapman, Amrietha Nellan, Ruby Rodriguez, and Vi N. Mai, Winton & Chapman PLLC , of Washington, D.C., for Plaintiffs Bioparques de Occidente, S.A. de C.V., Agricola La Primavera, S.A. de C.V., and Kaliroy Fresh LLC. Bernd G. Janzen, Devin S. Sikes, Paul Bettencourt, and Yujin K. McNamara, Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld, LLP, of Washington, D.C., for Consolidated Plaintiffs Confederacion de Asociaciones Agricolas del Estado de Sinaloa, A.C., Consejo Agricola de Baja California, A. C., Asociacion Mexicana de Horticultura Protegida, A.C., Asociacion de Product ores de Hortalizas del Yaqui y Mayo, and Sistema Producto Tomate. Douglas G. Edelschick, Senior Trial Counsel, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division, U.S. Department of Justice, of Washington, D.C., for Defendant United States. With him on the brief were Brian M. Boynton, Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General, Patricia M. McCarthy, Director, and Franklin E. White, Jr., Assistant Director. Of counsel was Emm a T. Hunter, Assistant Chief Counsel, Office of the Chief Counsel for Trade Enforcement and Compliance, U.S. Department of Commerce. Robert C. Cassidy, Jr., Charles S. Levy, Chase J. Dunn, James R. Cannon, Jr., Mary Jane Alves, Jonathan M. Zielinski, and Nicole Brunda, Cassidy Levy Kent (USA) LLP, of Washington, D.C., for De fendant-Intervenor The Florida Tomato Exchange. Choe-Groves, Judge: Plaintiffs Bioparque s de Occidente, S.A. de C.V., Agricola La Primavera, S.A. de C.V ., and Kaliroy Fresh LLC (collectively,

“ Plaintiffs ”) filed three complaints challenging the final determination made in the antidumping duty investigation of fresh tomatoes from Mexico conducted by theConsol. Court No. 19-00204 Page 3 U.S. Department of Commerce (“Commerce”), Fresh Tomatoes from Mexico (“ Final Determination ”), 84 Fed. Reg. 57,401 (Dep’t of Commerce Oct. 25, 2019) (final determination of sales at less than fair value): (1) Bioparques de Occidente, S.A. de C.V. v. United States, Court N o. 19-00204; (2) Bioparques de Occidente, S.A. de C.V. v. United States, Court No. 19-00210; and (3) Bioparques de Occidente, S.A. de C.V. v. United States, Court No. 20-00035. The Court consolidated these cases and the rel ated case Confederacion de Asociaciones Agricolas del Estado de Sinaloa, A.C. v. United States, Court No. 19-00203. Order (Sept. 1, 2022) (“Consolidation Order”), ECF No. 63. Before the Court are Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss filed by Defendant United States (“Defendant”) and Defendant- Intervenor’s Motion to Dismiss filed by Defendant-Intervenor The Florida Tomato Exchange (“Defendant

- Intervenor”) , both seeking dismissal under USCIT Rul e 12(b)(1) for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. Def.’s Mot . Dismiss (“Def.’s Br.”) , ECF No. 65; Def.- Interv.’s Mot. Dismiss (“Def.

- Interv.’s Br.”) , ECF No. 66. Plaintiffs filed Plaintiffs’ Response to Motion to Dismiss in opposition . Pls.’ Resp. Mot. Dismiss (“Pls.’ Resp. ”), ECF No. 67. Defendant filed Defendant’s Reply in Support of Motion to Dismiss and Defendant-Intervenor filed Defendant- Intervenor’s Reply in Support of its Motion to Dismiss . Def.’s Reply Supp. Mot. Dismiss (“Def.’s Reply”), ECF No. 68; Def.

- Int erv.’s Reply Supp. Mot. Dismiss (“Def.

- Interv.’s Reply”), ECF No. 69.Consol. Court No. 19-00204 Page 4
Plaintiffs filed Plaintiffs’ Sur -Reply to Defendant and Defendant- Intervenor’s Replies in Support of Motion to Dismiss . Pls.’ Sur -Reply Replies Supp. Mot. Dismiss (“Pls.’ Sur

- Reply”), ECF No. 72. Plaintiffs also filed Plaintiffs’ N otice of Supplemental Authority following the Court’s ruling in Goodluck India, Ltd. v. United States, 46 CIT __, 2022 Ct. Intl. Trade LEXIS 133 (Dec. 1, 2022). Pls.’ Notice Supp. Auth., ECF No. 78. For the reasons that follow, Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss and Defendant- Intervenor’s Motion to Dismiss are granted in part and denied in part. BACKGROUND The Court presumes familiarity with the facts and procedural history set forth in its prior Order and Opinion and recounts the facts relevant to the Court ’ s review of the pending motions to dismiss. See Bioparques de Occidente, S.A. de C.V. v. United States, 44 CIT __, __ , 470 F. Supp. 3d 1366, 1368

– 70 (2020). I. Antidumping Duty Investigation and Suspension Agreements In April 1996, Commerce initiated an antidumping duty investigation to determine whether imports of fresh tomato es from Mexico were being, or were likely to be, sold in the United States at less than fair value. Fresh Tomatoes from Mexico, 61 Fed. Reg. 18,377 (Dep ’ t of Commerce Apr. 25, 1996) (initiation of antidumping duty investigation). Af ter an affirmative preliminary injury determination from the International Trade Commission, Commerce made aConsol. Court No. 19-00204 Page 5 preliminary determination that imports of fres h tomatoes from Mexico were being sold in the United States at less than fair value. Fresh Tomatoes from Mexico, 61 Fed. Reg. 56,608 (Dep ’ t of Commerce Nov. 1, 1996) (notice of preliminary determination of sales at less than f air value and postponement of final determination). Concurrent with Commerce’s preliminary determination, Commerce published a notice in the Fede ral Register announcing an agreement under 19 U.S.C. § 1673c(c) with certainproducers and exporters who accounted for substantially all of the imports of freshtomatoes from Mexico into the United States to suspend the antidumping dutyinvestigation on fresh tomatoes from Mexico. Fresh Tomatoes from Mexico, 61 Fed. Reg. 56,618 (Dep ’ t of Commerce Nov. 1, 1996) (suspension of antidumping investigation). Between 1996 and 2013, Commerce and the producers and exporters of tomatoes from Mexico entered into three further suspension agreements. Se e Fresh Tomatoes from Mexico, 67 Fed. Reg. 77,044 (Dep ’ t of Commerce Dec. 16, 2002) (suspension of antidumping investigation); Fresh Tomatoes fromMexico, 73 Fed. Reg. 4831 (Dep ’ t of Commerce Jan. 28, 2008) (suspension of antidumping investigation); Fresh Tomatoes from Mexico (“2013 Suspension Agreement”) , 78 Fed. Reg. 14,967 (Dep ’ t of Commerce Mar. 8, 2013) (suspens ion of antidumping investigation). Commerce gave notice to the signatorygrowers on February 6, 2019 of Commerce’s intent to withdraw from the 2013 Suspension Agreement. FreshConsol. Court No. 19-00204 Page 6
Tomatoes from Mexico , 84 Fed. Reg. 7872 (Dep’t of Commerce Mar. 5, 2019) (intent to terminate suspension agreement, rescind the sunset and administrative reviews, and resume the antidumping duty investigation); Fresh Tomatoes from Mexico (“ May 2019 Withdrawal Notice ”), 84 Fed. Reg. 20,858 (Dep’t of Commerce May 13, 2019) (termination of su spension agreement, rescission of administrative review, and continuation of th e antidumping duty investigation). Commerce withdrew from the 2013 Susp ension Agreement on May 7, 2019 and resumed the underlying antidumping inve stigation. May 2019 Withdrawal Notice, 84 Fed. Reg. at 20,860. Commerce published on September 24, 2019 a notice that a new Suspension Agreement had been reached between Commerce and the signatory parties and that the antidumping duty investigation had been suspended. Fresh Tomatoes from Mexico (“2019 Suspension Agreement”), 84 Fed. Reg. 49,987, 49,989 (Dep’t of Commerce Sept. 24, 2019) (suspension of antidumping duty investigation). The International Trade Commission subsequently announced the suspension of its antidumping investigation. Fresh Tomatoes from Mexico, 84 Fed. Reg. 54,639 (Int’l Trade Comm’n Oct. 10, 2019) (sus pension of antidumping investigation). Commerce published its final determination in the continued investigation on October 25, 2019, determining that freshtomatoes from Mexico were being, or were likely to be, sold in the United States at less than fair value. FinalConsol. Court No. 19-00204 Page 7 Determination, 84 Fed. Reg. at 57,402. The International Trade Commission issued an affirmative injury determinatio n on December 12, 2019. Fresh Tomatoes from Mexico , 84 Fed. Reg. 67,958 (Int’l Trade Comm’n Dec. 12, 2019). II. Litigation Plaintiffs filed three separate actions challengin g Commerce’s continued investigation and the Final Determination, beginning with filing the Summons in Court Number 19-00204 on November 22, 2019 and in Court Number 19-00210 on December 3, 2019. Summons, ECF No. 1; Summons, Court No. 19-00210, ECF No. 1. Plaintiffs filed the Complaint in Court Number 19-00204 on December 20, 2019 and the Complaint in Court Number 19-00210 on December 23, 2019. Compl., ECF No. 9; Compl., Court No. 19-00210, ECF No. 9. Plaintiffs filed the Summons and Complaint concurrently in Court Number 20-00035 on February 5, 2020. Summons, Court N o. 20-00035, ECF No. 1; Compl., Court No. 20-00035, ECF No. 4. Plaintiffs allege ten causes of action. 1 See Am. Compl. at 6

– 8; Am. Compl. at 6

– 8, Court No. 19-00210; Compl. at 6

– 7, Court No, 20-00035. Specifically, Plaintiffs challenge as unlawful Commerce’s withdrawal from the 2013

1 Though otherwise identical to the claims asserted in Court Numbers 19-00204 and 19- 00210, Plaintiffs’ Compla int in Court Number 20-00035 does not include a count 10. See Compl. at 7, Court No. 20-00035.Consol. Court No. 19-00204 Page 8 Suspension Agreement (claim 1(a)); Commerce’s resumption of the suspended antidumping duty investigation (claims 1(a ) and 1(c)); Commerce’s ending of the investigation into the respondents that were the subject of Commerce’s 1996 preliminary determination and selection of new respondents for the continued investigation (claim 2); the procedures Commerce followed in the resumed investigation (claim 3); and the correctnes s of certain aspects of the Final Determination (claims 4

– 10). Am. Compl. at 6

– 8; Am. Compl. at 6

– 8, Court No. 19-00210; Compl. at 6

– 7, Court No, 20-00035. In all, Plaintiffs ask the Court to declare as unlawful and vacate Commerce’s withdrawal from the 2013 Suspension Agreement and the subsequent Final Determination. Am. Compl. at 8; Am. Compl. at 8, Court No. 19-00210; Compl. at 7, Court No, 20-00035. Defendant filed motions to dismiss pursuant to USCIT Rule 12(b)(1) for lack of subject matter jurisdiction and USCITRule 12(b)(6) for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted in each of the cases. Def.’s Mot. Dismiss, ECF No. 30; Def.’s Mot. Dismiss, Court No. 19

- 00210, ECF No. 31; Def.’s Mot. Dismiss, Court No. 20-00035, ECF No. 20. The Court granted the motions and dismissed Plaintiffs ’ claims with prejudice. Bioparques de Occidente, S.A. de C.V., 44 CIT at __, 470 F. Supp. 3d at 1373.Consol. Court No. 19-00204 Page 9 III. Appeal Plaintiffs appealed the Court’s judgment to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (“CAFC”). Pls.’ Notice of Appeal, ECF No. 47. The CAFC affirmed in part and remanded in part. Bioparques de Occidente, S.A. de C.V. v. United States, 31 F.4th 1336, 1343

–48 (Fed. Cir. 2022). The CAFC affirmed the dismissal of Plaintiffs’ claims challengi ng the termination of the 2013 Suspension Agreement and the negotiation of the 20 19 Suspension Agreement. Id. at 1343. The CAFC also held that because the Final Determination constituted as “ an affirmative final determination in a cont inued investigation that involves exports from [a free trade agreement] country ” 2 and is reviewable under 19 U.S.C. § 1516a(g)(3)(A)(i) , the Court has jurisdiction to consider Plaintiffs’ challenges to the Final Determination under 28 U.S.C. § 1581(c). Id. at 1346

–48. On remand, the Court consolidated Plaintiffs ’ three cases with the related case Confederacion de Asociaciones Agricolas del Estado de Sinaloa, A.C., Court

2 Mexico is a “free trade area country.” At the time Plaintiffs filed their Complaint in January 2020, “free trade area country” included “Mexico for such time as the [North American Free Trade Agreement (“NAFTA”)] is in force with respect to, and the United States applies the NAFTA to, Mexico.” 19 U.S.C. § 1516a(f)(8), (10) (2006). The statute was amended following the replacement of the NAFTA with the United States-Mexico- Canada Agreement (“USMCA”) to define “free trade area country” to include “Mexico forsuch time as the USMCA is in force with respect t o, and the United States applies the USMCA to, Mexico.” 19 U.S.C. § 1516a(f)(9) (2020).Consol. Court No. 19-00204 Page 10
No. 19-00203. Consolidation Order. Pl aintiffs filed Amended Complaints on September 1, 2022 in Court Numbers 19-00204 and 19-00210. Am. Compl., ECF No. 64; Am. Compl., Court No. 19-00210, ECF No. 69. STANDARD OF REVIEW To adjudicate a case, a court must havesubject-matter jurisdiction over the claims presented. See Steel Co. v. Citizens for a Better Env ’ t, 523 U.S. 83, 94

– 95 (1998). “[W]hen a federal court concludes that it lacks subject -matter jurisdiction, the complaint must be dismissed in its entirety.” Arbaugh v. Y & H Corp., 546 U.S. 500, 514 (2006); USCIT R. 12(h)(3). “[I]f the facts reveal any r easonable basis upon which the non- movant may prevail, dismissal is inappropriate.” Airport Road Ass., Ltd. v. United States, 866 F.3d1346, 1351 (Fed. Cir. 2017) (quoting Pixton v. B & B Plastics, Inc., 291 F.3d 1324, 1326 (Fed. Cir. 2002)). The party asserting a claim bears the burden of establishing subject-matter jurisdiction, see Wanxiang Am. Corp. v. United States, 12 F. 4th 1369, 1373 (Fed. Cir. 2021), and must allege sufficient facts to establi sh jurisdiction, see DaimlerChrysler Corp. v. United States, 442 F.3d 1313, 1318 (Fe d. Cir. 2006). In deciding a motion to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction, the Court is “obligated to assume all factual allegations to be true and to draw all reasonable inferences in plaintiff’s favor.” Henke v. United States, 60 F.3d 79 5, 797 (Fed. Cir. 1995). For purposes ofConsol. Court No. 19-00204 Page 11 establishing jurisdiction, “[s]ubstance, not form, is controlling.” Williams v. Sec’y of the Navy, 787 F.2d 552, 557 (Fed. Cir. 1986). DISCUSSION I. Asserted Claims and Jurisdictional Grounds Plaintiffs assert virtually identical claims in Court Numbers 19-00204, 19- 00210, and 20-00035. See Am. Compl. at 6

– 8; Am. Compl. at 6

– 8, Court No. 19- 00210; Compl. at 6

– 7, Court No, 20-00035. Each case asserts a different ground for the Court’s jurisdiction. In Court Number 19-00204, Plaintiffs assert that the: action is commenced pursuant to Sections 516A(a)(2)(A) and (B)(iv) of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended (the “Act”), 19 U.S.C. §§ 1516a(a)(2)(A) and (B)(iv). Consequently, this Court has jurisdiction over this matter by r eason of 28 U.S.C. § 1581(c), which confers upon the Court exclusive jurisdiction over civil actions commenced under Section 516A of the Act. Am. Compl. at 2. In Court Number 19-00210, Plaintiffs assert that the: action is commenced pursuant to Section 516A(g)(3)(A)(i) of the Act, 19 U.S.C. § 1516a(g)(3)(A)(i), which permits review of final determinations by Commerce in cases involving North American Free Trade Agreement (“NAFTA”) countries when review by a binational panel has not been requested. Consequently, this Court has jurisdiction over this matter by reason of 28 U.S.C. § 1581(c), which confers upon the Court exclusive jurisdiction ov er civil actions commenced under Section 516A of the Act. Am. Compl. at 2, Court No. 19-00210. In Court Number 20-00035, Plaintiffs assert that:Consol. Court No. 19-00204 Page 12 Except to the extent that the Court has jurisdiction over the claims set forth in this Complaint in Plaintiffs’ pending actions under 28 U.S.C. [§] 1581(c), the Court has subject matter jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1581(i), which confers upon this Court exclusive jurisdiction of a civil action arising under a law providing for the administration of tariffs and duties. Compl. at 1

–2, Court No. 20-00035. 28 U.S.C. § 1581(c) provides the Court w ith jurisdiction over civil actions commenced under 19 U.S.C. § 1516a(a) and 19 U.S.C. § 1516a(g). 28 U.S.C. § 1581(c). 19 U.S.C. § 1516a(a) makes reviewable by the U.S. Court of International Trade final administrative determinations by Commerce in antidumping duty and countervailing duty investigations. 19 U.S.C. § 1516a(a). 19 U.S.C. § 1516a(g) makes reviewable by the U.S. Court of International Trade final administrative determinations by Commerce in antidumping duty and countervailing duty investigations involving free trade area countries when no country requests review by a binational panel. Id. § 1516a(g). 28 U.S.C. § 1581(i) provides the Court with residual jurisdiction over claims that are not covered by another subsection of 28 U.S.C. § 1581. 28 U.S.C. § 1581(i). The Court may not invoke jurisdiction under § 1581(i) “when jurisdiction under another subsection of § 1581 is or could have been available , unless the remedy provided under that other subsection would be manifestly inadequate.” Erwin Hymer Grp. N. Am., Inc. v. United States, 930 F.3d 1370,Consol. Court No. 19-00204 Page 13
1374

– 75 (Fed. Cir. 2019) (quoting Ford Motor Co. v. United States, 688 F.3d 1319, 1323 (Fed. Cir. 2012) (empha sis in original)). When jurisdiction is asserted under 28 U.S.C. § 1581(i), the party asserting the claim also “bears the burden of showing that another subsection is either unavailable or manifestly inadequate.” Id. at 1375 (citing Sunpreme Inc. v. United States, 892 F.3d 1186, 1191 (Fed. Cir. 2018)). II. Claims 1(a) and 1(c) Claims 1(a) and 1(c) in each of the cases assert that Commerce lacked authority to resume or continue its investigation because “the U.S. domestic industry had withdrawn the petition that le d to the investigation and subsequent suspension agreements in 2012” and “the deadline for requesting the continuation of the suspended investigation expired in 1996, within 20 days after the publication of Comme rce’s notice of suspension of the agreement.” Am. Compl. at 6

– 7; Am. Compl. at 6

– 7, Court No. 19-00210; Compl. at 6, Court No, 20-00035. Among the types of determinations reviewable under § 1581(c) are determinations “to suspend an antidumping duty or a c ountervailing duty investigation.” 19 U.S.C. § 1516a(A)(2)(B)(iv). Because claims 1(a) and 1(c) challenge Commerce’s authority to continue or resume the antidumping duty investigation on fresh tomatoes from Mexico following the termination of the 2013 Suspension Agreement, the Court has juri sdiction to consider the claims underConsol. Court No. 19-00204 Page 14 § 1581(c). The Court cannot simultaneous ly assert jurisdiction over § 1581(i) claims and therefore dismisses claims 1(a) and 1(c) in Court Number 20-00035. Defendant contends that claims 1(a) and 1(c) are precluded by the CAFC’s holding in Confederacion de Asociaciones Agricolas del Estado de Sinaloa, A.C. v. United States (“ CAADES ”), 32 F.4th 1130 (Fed. Cir. 2022). Def.’s Br. at 1 3

– 14 (citing CAADES, 32 F.4th at 1145). In CAADES, the CAFC considered a challenge to Commerce’s continuation of the antidumping duty investigation under the 2013 Suspension Agreement. CAADES , 32 F.4th at 1145. The CAFC held that “[t]here is no independ ent jurisdiction ” to consider challenges to “ Commerce ’ s resumption of the antidumping investigation following the 2013 agreement ’ s termination.” Id. Relying on its holding in CAAD ES, the CAFC clarified in the related case Jem D International Michigan Inc. v. United States, 2022 U.S. App. LEXIS 10044 (Fed. Cir. Apr. 14, 2022), that the Court “has no jurisdiction over such an interim challenge except as part of a challenge to a final determination .” Jem D Int’l Michigan Inc. , 2022 U.S. App LEXIS 10044, at *4 (emphasis added). Viewed in totality, Plaintiffs’ Ame nded Complaints in Court Numbers 19

- 00204 and 19-00210 and Complaint in Court Number 20-00035 are challenges to the Final Determination. Am. Compl. at 6

– 8; Am. Compl. at 6

– 8, Court No. 19- 00210; Compl. at 5

– 7, Court No. 20-00035. For example, claims 4 through 10 challenge Commerce’s calculations and me thodology in reaching the FinalConsol. Court No. 19-00204 Page 15 Determination. Am. Compl. at 7

– 8; Am. Compl. at 7

– 8, Court No. 19-00210; Compl. at 7, Court No. 20- 00035. Because Plaintiffs are challenging Commerce’s Final Determination , the Court may consider Plaintiffs’ challenges to Commerce’s interim decision to resume or continue th e investigation under claims 1(a) and 1(c). III. Claim 1(b) Claim 1(b) in each of the cases asserts that: Commerce’s purported withdrawalfrom the 2013 Suspension Agreement was legally invalid, b ecause the statute and Commerce’s own regulations require Commerce to make certain findings before it is authorized to withdraw from a suspension agreement, and Commerce did not make any of those findings in this case. Am. Compl. at 6; Am. Compl. at 6

 7, Court No. 19-00210; Compl. at 6, Court No. 20-00035. On appeal, the CAFC ruled that becau se Commerce’s determination to terminate a suspension agreement is not reviewable under 19 U.S.C. § 1516a(a) or (g), jurisdiction to consider challenges to Commerce’s withdrawal from the 2013 Suspension Agreement exists under the re sidual jurisdiction provision of 28 U.S.C. § 1581(i). CAADES, 32 F.4th at 1138. Because the CAFC has held that the Court has jurisdiction over claim 1(b) under § 158 1(i), jurisdiction cannot simultaneously exist under § 1581(c). Claims 1(b) in Court Numbers 19-00204 and 19-00210 are dismissed.Consol. Court No. 19-00204 Page 16 Though the Court has jurisdiction to co nsider claim 1(b) in Court Number 20-00035 under § 1581(i), the CAFC has already resolved the merits of the claim. In CAADES , the CAFC considered materially identical challenges to Commerce’s ability to terminate the 2013 Suspension Agreement and to enter into the 2019 Suspension Agreement. Id. at 1138

–43. The CAFC concluded “that there is no plausible claim upon which” relief could be granted. Id. at 1143. The CAFC held that the CAADES holding controlled in its consideration of this case and concluded that Plaintiffs’ challenges to the termination of the 2013 Suspension Agreement and negotiation of the 2019 Suspension Agreement must be dismissed. Bioparques de Occidente, S.A. de C.V, 31 F.4th at 1343. Plaintiffs concede that the CAFC dismissed claim 1(b) on substantive grounds. Pls.’ Resp. at 3–4. The Court, therefore, dismisses claim 1(b) in Court Number 20-00035. IV. Claims 2 Through 10 The three consolidated cases before the Court raise multiple challenges to the methodology used by Commerce in the Final Determination. Am. Compl. at 7

– 8; Am. Compl. at 7

– 8, Court No. 19-00210; Compl. at 6

– 7, Court No. 20-00035. Count 2 argues that Commerce improperly cea sed its investigation of the original respondents that were examined and we re the subject of the 1996 preliminary determination and examined new respondents in the resumed investigation that had not participated in the preliminary phase of the investigation, including Plaintiffs.Consol. Court No. 19-00204 Page 17 Am. Compl. at 7; Am. Compl. at 7, Court No. 19-00210; Compl. at 6, Court No. 20-00035. Count 3 alleges that Commerce failed to abide by applicable deadlines and procedures during the resumed inve stigation and denied the newly added respondents ’ due process rights. Am. Compl. at 7; Am. Compl. at 7, Court No. 19- 00210; Compl. at 6, Court No. 20-00035. Counts 4 through 10 challenge aspects of the calculation methodology used byCommerce in the Final Determination. Am. Compl. at 7

– 8; Am. Compl. at 7

– 8, Court No. 19-00210; Compl. at 6

– 7, Court No. 20-00035. In considering the facts of this case, the CAFC held that “an affirmative final determination in a continued investigation th at involves exports from [a free trade agreement] country is reviewable under § 1516a(g)(3)(A)(i) as a determination under § 1516a(a)(2)(B)(i), which provides the Trade Court jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1581(c).” Bioparques de Occidente, S.A. de C.V., 31 F.4th at 1346

–48. The Court concludes that jurisdiction ex ists under § 1581(c) for claims 2 through 10 challenging the Final Determination. Because jurisdiction under § 1581(i) is improper, counts 2 through 9 in Court Number 20-00035 are dismissed. CONCLUSION In summary, the Court concludes that jurisdiction exists over claims 1(a), 1(c), and 2 through 10 under 28 U.S.C. § 1581(c). Jurisdiction exists over claim 1(b) under 28 U.S.C. § 1581(i). Because the CAFC affirmed the dismissal ofConsol. Court No. 19-00204 Page 18 claim 1(b) based on Plaintiffs’ failure to state a claim on which relief could be granted, claim 1(b) is dismissed. For the foregoing reasons, it is hereby ORDERED that Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss , ECF No. 65, is granted in part (claims 1(b) in Court Numbers 19-00204 and 19-00210 and claims 1(a), 1(c), and 2 through 9 in Court Number 20-0003 5 are dismissed), and denied in part (claims 1(a) and 1(c) in Court Numbers 19-00204 and 19-00210 remain); and it is further ORDERED that Defendant- Intervenor’s Motion to Dismiss, ECF No. 66, is granted in part (claims 1(b) in Court Numbers 19-00204 and 19-00210 and claims 1(a), 1(c), and claims 2 through 9 in Court Number 20-00035 are dismissed), and is denied in part (claims 1(a) and 1(c) in Court Numbers 19-00204 and 19-00210 remain); and it is further ORDERED that claim 1(b) in Court Number 20-00035 has been resolved on its merits by the CAFC and is dismissed; and it is further ORDERED that because all claims in Court Number 20-00035 have been resolved by this Opinion, Court Number 20-00035 is dismissed and is removed from Consolidated Court Number 19-0 0204. Judgment will be entered accordingly; and it is furtherConsol. Court No. 19-00204 Page 19
ORDERED that this case shall proceed in a ccordance with the schedule set in the Court’s March 30, 2023 Order, ECF No. 90, as follows: 1. Amended 56.2 motions, if any, shall be filed on or before May 30, 2023; 2. Response briefs to motions for judgme nt upon the agency record shall be filed on or before June 29, 2023; 3. Reply briefs shall be filed on or before August 14, 2023; 4. The joint appendix shall be file d on or before August 28, 2023; and 5. Motions for oral argument, if any, shall be filed on or before September 5, 2023.
/s/ Jennifer Choe- Groves Jennifer Choe-Groves, Judge Dated: May 1, 2023 New York, New York