FILED U.S. COURT OF AP P EALS E LEVEN T HC IRC UIT OCTOB ER 2, 2007 THOMAS K. KAH

N CLERK [ DO NO T P UB L I S H] I N THE UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS F O R T H E E L E V E N T H C IR C U IT

________________________ N o. 07- 10649 N on -A rgum entC al endar

________________________ D. C . Do c k e tNo . 0 5 - 0 0 6 8 3 - C V- OR L - 1 8 - J GG J E F F R E Y S C O T T , P l ai nt i ff -C ou nt er D e f e n d a n t- A p p e lla n t, v ersu s K . W . M A X I N V E S T M E N T S , I N C O R P O R A T E D , W I L L I A M D A V I D S O N , M I C H A E L I N E D A V I D S O N , D ef endant s- C ou nt er C la im a n ts - A p p e lle e s .

________________________ A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f orthe M i ddl e D i s tr i c tof F l or i da

_________________________ ( O c t ob e r 2, 2007) B efo re B IR C H , D U B IN A an d C A RN E S , C i rcu i tJu d g es.2

P E R C U R I A M: P l a i nt i f f - appe l l a nt , J e f

f r e y S c ott , appe a l s the di s tr i c tc ourt ’ s gr a ntof s u m m a ry ju d g m e n t a g a in s t h im a s to h is c la im a g a in s t d e f e n d a n ts - ap p e lla n ts K .W . M a x I nve s tm e nt s , I nc . ( “ K . W . M a x” ) , W i l l i a m L . D a vi ds on a nd M i c ha e l i na D a v id s o n , f

o ru n p a id o v e rtim e c o m p e n s a tio n o n th e g r o u n d th a t th e c o u rt e rr e d in f i n d i n g h i s e m p l o y m e n twa s n o tc o v e r e d b yth e F a i rL ab o rS t a n d a r d s Ac t( F L S A) o f 1 9 3 8 , as a m en d ed , 2 9 U .S .C . § 2 0 1 et se q . H e a lso ch allen g es th e c o u rt’s i m pos i t i on of

s a nc t i ons a ga i ns thi m f orf a i l ur e t o a tt e nd m e di a t i on a s pe rthe c ourt ’ s s c he dul i ng or de r . W e a f f i rm s um m a ryj udgm e nta nd f i nd w e a r e w i thout j u ri sd i ct i o n t o rev i ew th e i ssu e o f san ct i o n s. I . B AC KG RO UN D S c o tt w a s e m p lo y e d a s am a n u a l lab o r e rb yK .W . M a x f r o m J u n e 2 0 0 3 u n til J a nua ry 2004, a nd a ga i n f r om M a y2004 unt i l J une 2004. K . W . M a x i s aF l or i da corporat i on of w hi ch the bu si ness pu rpose i s t o b uy and re- se l l re si dent i al ho m es a n d p r o p e rty l o c a t e d i n Fl o r i d a . Th e Da v i d s o n s o wn K. W . M a x . W i l l i a m L . D a vi ds on i s i t s P r e s i de nta nd M i c ha e l i naD a vi ds on i s i t s S e c r e t a ry . T he D a vi ds ons have prese nt ed af

fi davi t s i nd i ca t i ng thatK . W . M ax’ s ann ual gross vol um e of s al es orbus i ne s s done ha s be e n l e s s tha n $500, 000 f ore a c h y e a ri tha s e xi s t e d. D u r in g h is p e r io d s o f

e m p lo y m e n t, S c o tt w o rk e d a t tw o s ite s in G r a n t,3

F l ori da. A ton e s i t e, a hou se on U . S . H i gh w ay1, he perf orm ed re m od el i ng w ork a nd y a r d w ork. A tthe othe rs i t e , al oton a n i s l a nd i n G r a nt , S c ottw orke d on the c ons truc t i on of

ahous e . S pe c i f

i c a l l y , m uc h of

hi s w ork the r e i nvol ve d l oa di ng s u p p lie s a n d m a te r ia ls o n to ab a r g e f o rtr a n s p o rta tio n to th e is la n d . S c o tt ac kn ow l edges thathe never l ef tthe st at e of F l ori da t o carryou tany of hi s dut i es an d th ath e n ev er u sed th e t el ep h o n e, i n t ern eto r m ai l i n fu rth eran ce o f h i s d u t i es. S c otta s s e rt s tha the r e gul a r l yw orke d m or e tha n f ortyhour s pe rw e e k, but w a s n o t c o m p e n s a te d a t th e o v e rtim e r a te f o rth o s e h o u r s in e x c e s s o f f o rty . A c c or di ngl y , S c otti ni t i a t e d thi s F L S A a c t i on a ga i ns tK . W . M a x a nd the D a vi ds ons al l egi ng thathe w as an em pl oyee engaged i n com m er ce , or thatK . W . M ax i s an e nt e rpr i s e e nga ge d i n c om m e r c e ori n the pr oduc t i on of goods f orc om m e r c e f

or p u rp o s e s o f

c o v e r a g e u n d e rth e a c t. I n h is r e s p o n s e to th e D a v id s o n s a n d K .W . M a x ’s m o tio n f

o rs u m m a ry ju d g m e n t d is p u tin g c o v e r a g e u n d e rth e F L S A , S c o tt r e que s t e d tha the be a l l ow e d t o a m e nd hi s C om pl a i ntt o a l l e ge tha tK . W . M a x a nd the D a vi ds ons w e r e j oi nte m pl oy e r s unde rthe F L S A . I n c ons i de r i ng the m ot i on f o rs u m m a ry ju d g m e n t, th e d is tr ic t c o u rt a ls o c o n s id e r e d th e a r g u m e n ts r e la te d to S c ott ’ s pr opos e d a m e ndm e ntt o hi s c om pl a i nta nd thos e m a de i n the D a vi ds ons a n d K .W . M a x ’s r e s p o n s e th e r e to . T h e d is tr ic t c o u rt f o u n d th a t S c o tt h a d f

a ile d to r a i s e age nui ne i s s ue of

m a t e r i a l f

a c ta s t o w he the rhi s e m pl oy m e ntw a s c ove r e d by4

the F L S A a nd gr a nt e d s um m a ry j udgm e nti n f a vorof K . W . M a x a nd the D av i d so n s. F i na l l y , the di s tr i c tc ourt ’ s s c he dul i ng or de rr e qui r e d the pa rt i e s t o a tt e nd a ny m e di a t i on i n pe r s on. S c ottf a i l e d pe r s ona l l yt o a tt e nd as c he dul e d m e di a t i on, ap p e a r in g in s te a d b y te le p h o n e . A s ar e s u lt, th e d is tr ic t c o u rt s a n c tio n e d S c o tt, aw ar d in g K .W . M ax an dth e D av id so n s th eir r ea so n ab le ex p en se s a n d atto rn ey ’s a n d m e d ia to r ’s f

e e s in c u rr e d in c o n n e c tio n w ith th a t m e d ia tio n .

I I . DI S CUS S I ON A . S um m a ry J udgm e nt

“ W e r e vi e w the di s tr i c tc ourt ’ s gr a ntof s um m a ryj udgm e ntde novo, appl y i ng the s a m e l e ga l s t a nda r ds a s the di s tr i c tc ourt , a nd c ons trui ng the f a c t s a nd dr a w i ng a l l r e a s onabl e i nf e r e nc e s the r e f

r om i n the l i ghtm os tf

a vor abl e t o the non- m ovi ng pa rty . ” C e ntur i on A i rC a r go, I nc . v. U ni t e d P a r c e l S e rvi c e C o. , 420 F . 3d 1146, 1149 ( 11th C i r . 2005) . W e w i l l a f f i rm adi s tr i c tc ourt ’ s gr a ntof s u m m a ry ju d g m e n t to am o v in g p a rtyw h e n “th e p le a d in g s , d e p o s itio n s , a n s w e r s to i nt e rr oga t or i e s , a nd a dm i s s i ons on f i l e , t oge the rw i th the a f

f i da vi t s , i f

a ny , s how th a t th e r e is n o g e n u in e is s u e a s to a n ym a te r ia l f a c t a n d th a t th e m o v in g p a rtyis e nt i t l e d t o aj udgm e nta s am a tt e rof l a w . ” F e d. R . C i v. P . 56( c ) . “ T he m ova nt ‘b e a r s th e in itia l r e s p o n s ib ilityo f in f o rm in g th e d is tr ic t c o u rt o f th e b a s is f

o rits5

m ot i on’ by i de nt i f

y i ng thos e port i ons of

the r e c or d tha tde m ons tr a t e the abs e nc e of ge nui ne i s s ue s of

m a t e r i a l f

a c t . ” B a l dw i n C ounty , A l a . v. P ur c e l l C orp. , 971 F . 2d 1558, 1563 ( 11th C i r . 1992) ( quot i ng C e l ot e x C orp. v. C a tr e tt , 477 U . S . 317, 323, 1 0 6 S .C t. 2 5 4 8 , 2 5 5 3 ( 1 9 8 6 ) . T h e r e a f te r , th e b u r d e n s h if

ts to th e n o n m o v a n t to p r o d u c e a f

f id a v its o ro th e rr e le v a n t a n d a d m is s ib le e v id e n c e s u f f ic ie n t to r e b u t th is s h o w in g . I d .; C e lo te x , 4 7 7 U .S . a t 3 2 4 , 1 0 6 S .C t. a t 2 5 5 3 . I f s u c h e v id e n c e “is m e r e lyc o lo r ab le , o ris n o t s ig n if ic a n tlyp r o b a tiv e ,” s u m m a ryju d g m e n t is ap p r o p r ia te . A n d e r s o n v . L ib e rtyL o b b y , I n c ., 4 7 7 U .S . 2 4 2 , 2 4 9 - 5 0 , 1 0 6 S .C t. 25 05 , 25 11 (198 6) (c i t at i on s om i tt ed). F i nal l y, sum m ary j ud gm enti s m andat ed agai nsta party f

ai l i ng t o “ m ake ashow i ng suff i ci entt o est abl i sh” an ess ent i al e le m e n t o f

its c a s e . C e lo te x , 4 7 7 U .S . a t 3 2 2 . T he F L S A r e qui r e s a n e m pl oy e rt o pa ya n e m pl oy e e ove rt i m e c om pe ns a t i on f o ra n y h o u r s w o rk e d in e x c e s s o f f o rtyin ag iv e n w o rk w e e k , if th a t e m p lo y e e “is engaged i n com m er ce or i n the prod uct i on of go od s f or com m er ce [‘ i nd i vi du al c ove r a ge ’ ] , ori s e m pl oy e d i n a n e nt e rpr i s e e nga ge d i n c om m e r c e ori n the p r o d u c tio n o f

g o o d s f o rc o m m e r c e [ ‘e n te rp r is e c o v e r a g e ’].” 2 9 U .S .C . § 2 0 7 ( a ) . A c c or di ngl y , a n e m pl oy e e br i ngi ng ac l a i m f orunpa i d ove rt i m e c om pe ns a t i on m u s t e s tab lis h e ith e rin d iv id u a l o re n te rp r is e c o v e r a g e . S e e , e .g ., T h o rn e v . A ll R e s to r a tio n S e rv s ., 4 4 8 F .3 d 1 2 6 4 , 1 2 6 5 - 6 6 ( 1 1 th C ir . 2 0 0 6 ) . O n ap p e a l, S c o tt6

ar gu es on l y a s t o ent erpri se coverage. A n e m pl oy e e m a y s how hi s e m pl oy e ri s s ubj e c tt o the F L S A byw a yof e nt e rpr i s e c ove r a ge i f

he de m ons tr a t e s tha tthe e m pl oy e ri s a n e nt e rpr i s e tha t( 1)

“ has e m pl oyee s e ng aged i n com m er ce or i n the prod uct i on of go od s f or com m er ce , ortha tha s e m pl oy e e s ha ndl i ng, s e l l i ng, orothe rw i s e w orki ng on goods or m a t e r i a l s tha tha ve be e n m ove d i n orpr oduc e d f orc om m e r c e bya nype r s on” a nd has an (2) “ annu al gross vol um e of s al es m ade or busi ness do ne [of] no tl es s than $5 00 , 00 0. ” 29 U . S . C . § 2 03 (s )( 1)(A ). U nd erthe st atut e, an “ [e ] nt erpri se ” i s “ the re l at ed ac t i vi t i es perf orm ed ( e i the rthr ough uni f

i e d ope r a t i on orc om m on c ontr ol ) bya nype r s on orpe r s ons f or a c om m on bu si ness pu rpose. ” 29 U . S . C . § 2 03 (r )( 1). “ ‘ P er son’ m eans an i nd i vi du al , partners hi p, as soci at i on , corporat i on , bu si ness trust , l egal r e p r e s e n ta tiv e , o ra n y o r g a n iz e d g r o u p o f p e r s o n s .” 2 9 U .S .C . § 2 0 3 ( a ) .

“ ‘ C om m e r c e ’ m e a ns tr a de , c om m e r c e , tr ans port a t i on, tr a ns m i s s i on, or com m un i ca t i on am on g the se vera l S t at es or betw ee n any S t at e and any pl ac e o u t si d e th ereo f. ” 2 9 U . S . C . § 2 0 3 (b ). “ ‘ G o o d s’ m ean s g o o d s . . . , w ares, p ro d u ct s, c om m odi t i e s , m e r c ha ndi s e , ora rt i c l e s ors ubj e c t s of c om m e r c e of

a nyc ha r a c t e r , or a n y p a rt o rin g r e d ie n t th e r e o f , b u t d o e s n o t in c lu d e g o o d s a f te rth e ird e liv e ryin to the a c tua l phy s i c a l pos s e s s i on of the ul t i m a t e c ons um e rthe r e of othe rtha n a7

prod ucer , m anufacturer , or proces sor there of. ” 29 U . S . C . § 2 03 (i ). 1 . Inter stat e c om m erce T o q u al i fy as “ en g ag ed i n co m m erce” u n d er th e F L S A , an em p l o yee m u st “d ir e c tlyp a rtic ip a t[ e ] in th e a c tu a l m o v e m e n t o f p e r s o n s o rth in g s in in te r s ta te c o m m e r c e b y ( i) w o rk in g f o ra n in s tru m e n ta lityo f in te r s ta te c o m m e r c e . . . o r( ii) by re gu l ar l y usi ng the i nstrum ent al i t i es of i nt er st at e c om m er ce i n h i s w ork. ” T horne , 448 F . 3d a t1266. A n e m pl oy e e m a ya l s o qua l i f ya s “ e nga ge d i n . . . the p r o d u c tio n o f

g o o d s f o rc o m m e r c e ” if

h is “w o rkis c lo s e lyr e la te d a n d d ir e c tly e s s e nt i a l t o the pr oduc t i on of goods f orc om m e r c e . I d. a t1268. S c ottf i r s ta l l e ge s tha thi s ow n e m pl oy m e ntf ul f i l l e d thi s f

i r s tpr ong of ent erpri se coverage. R ather than sup po rt i ng thi s a l l egat i on w i th exp l anat ory r e f e r e nc e s t o s pe c i f

i c e vi de nc e , he ge ne r a l l yc i t e s the a f f i da vi t s of the D a vi ds ons a n d R ic kK r a c k , th e ira c c o u n ta n t. T h e s e a f f id a v its c o n f

irm th a t th e m a te r ia ls w ith w h i c h Sc o ttw o rk e d , o v e rth e c o u r s e o f h i s e mp l o y me n t , c a me p r i ma r i l yf r o m a H o m e D e p o t s to r e w h ic h w a s a ls o lo c a te d in F lo r id a , a n d th a t n o n e o f th e m a te r ia ls p u r c h a s e d w e r e p u r c h a s e d f o rr e s a le b yK .W . M a x . S c o tt o f f e r s n o s p e c if

ic ar gu m entor any e vi dence thatany of the go od s purchas ed fr om H om e D epothad b e e n mo v e d i n o rp r o d u c e d f o ri n t e r s t a t e c o mme r c e . I n f a c t , th e r e i s s o me ev i d en ce th atatl easto n e o f th em w as n o tt o b e so l d b u tt o b eco m e th e D av i d so n s’8

s e c o n d a ry r e s id e n c e . S e e R 1 - 3 3 a t 2 0 . S c otta l s o a r gue s tha tbe c aus e K . W . M a x’ s bus i ne s s purpos e w a s t o buy a nd r e - s e l l r e s i de nt i a l hom e s a nd pr ope rtyl oc a t e d i n F l or i da , the hom e s a tw hi c h he perf orm ed w ork w er e t o b e s ol d. T here i s no evi dence i n the re cord, ho w ever , that these ho m es w er e t o m ov e i n i nt er st at e c om m er ce . A l though S c ottdoe s notm e nt i on i ts pe c i f i c a l l y , the s i ngl e i ns t a nc e of lu m b e ro b ta in e d b y W illia m D a v id s o n f r o m th e d e m o litio n o f

af r ie n d ’s h o u s e in L oui s i a naw oul d c ons t i tut e goods m ove d i n i nt e r s t a t e c om m e r c e . H ow e ve r , the r e g u la tio n s in te rp r e tin g th e F L S A c la r if yth a t a n e nt e rpr i s e . . . w i l l be c ons i de r e d t o ha ve e m pl oy e e s . . . ha ndl i ng, s e l l i ng, orothe rw i s e w orki ng on goods tha tha ve be e n m ove d i n or pr oduc e d f

orc om m e r c e bya nype r s on, i f dur i ng the a nnua l pe r i od w hi ch i tuses i n cal cul at i ng i t s ann ual sa l es for purpo se s of the other co n d i t i o n s o f th ese sect i o n s, i treg u l arl y an d recu rren t l y h as atl east tw o o rm o r e e m p lo y e e s e n g a g e d in s u c h a c tiv itie s [ ,]” . . . [ b u t i]t is pl ai n thatan ent erpri se thathas e m pl oyee s e ng aged i n such act i vi t i es o n lyin is o la te d o rs p o r a d ic o c c a s io n s , w ill n o t m e e t th is c o n d itio n . 29 C . F . R . § 799. 238 ( e m pha s i s a dde d) . T he pur c ha s e of l um be rf r om L oui s i a na c o n s titu te s ju s t s u c h a n is o la te d in c id e n t. F i na l l y , S c otta tt e m pt s t o s a t i s f ythe f i r s tpr ong of

e nt e rpr i s e c ove r a ge by a s s e rtin g th a t th e D a v id s o n s in d iv id u a llya r e h is jo in t e m p lo y e r s a lo n g w ith K .W . M ax an d th at“ th ei r i n co m e i s d eri v ed fro m b o th i n trast at e an d i n t erst at e so u rces; the r e f or e , the D [ a vi ds ons ] e nga ge i n i nt e r s t a t e c om m e r c e a nd a r e s ubj e c tt o the9

F L S A . ” A ppe l l a nt ’ s B r . a t14. H ow e ve r , e ve n i f w e w e r e t o a c c e pthi s a r gum e nt th a tth e D a v i d s o n s w e r e h i s j o i n te mp l o y e r s , h e f a i l s t o e l ab o r a t e a s t o w h a ti n c o me th e D a v id s o n s d e r iv e f

r o m in te r s ta te c o m m e r c e , o rto p o in t to a n ye v id e n c e in su p p o rto f h i s assert i o n . B efo re th e d i stri ctco u rt , S co ttp o i n t ed t o th e D av i d so n s’ pe r s ona l t a x r e turns a nd a l l e ge d tha tthe yde r i ve d i nve s tm e nti nc om e f r om i nt er st at e s ou rc es . S uch an al l egat i on , st andi ng al on e, as w as no t ed by the di stri ct co u rt , i s i n su ffi ci en tt o sh o w i n t erst at e co m m erce fo r th e p u rp o ses o f en t erp ri se c o v e r a g e . W e f i nd thatS cott ’ s a l l egat i on and the t ax re turns ar e i nsuffi ci entt o rai se a genu i ne i ss ue of m at er i al fa ctas t o w hether the ent erpri se by w hi ch S cottw as em pl oyed (w hether i tbe K . W . M ax al on e, or j oi nt l y w i th the D avi dson s) of w hi ch th e b u s in e s s p u rp o s e w a s to b u y a n d r e - s e ll r e s id e n tia l h o m e s a n d p r o p e rtyin F l or i da , ha d a nye m pl oy e e “ e nga ge d i n c om m e r c e ori n the pr oduc t i on of goods f orc om m e r c e , or[ a ny ] e m pl oy e e [ ] ha ndl i ng, s e l l i ng, orothe rw i s e w orki ng on g o o d s o rma t e r i a l s th a th a v e b e e n mo v e d i n o rp r o d u c e d f o rc o mme r c e . ” 2 9 U . S. C. § 203( s ) ( 1) ( A ) . A c c or di ngl y , w e f i nd S c ottha s f

a i l e d t o r a i s e age nui ne i s s ue of m a te r ia l f

a c t a s to th e f

ir s t p r o n g o f

e n te rp r is e c o v e r a g e . 2 . A nnual

G r os s D ol larA m ount E v e n if th e ta x r e tu rn s h a d c o n s titu te d s u f f ic ie n t e v id e n c e o f

p a rtic ip a tio n inAlthough Scott discusses K.W. Max taxreturns, they arenowhere to be f

ound in the 1 rec ord. Scott emphasizes “monies and property that passed between theDAVIDSONS and 2 MAX,” A ppellant’s B r. at 12, but deposition testimony makes c lear

that any such transf

ers were madea s sh areho lder c ontributio nswith c or re sp ondingdebtsplac e d in KW M ax’s b oo ks . Thu s, they were entire ly

internal to the enterpriseand would not constitute sales madeor business done by the enter prise. See 29 C.F .R. 779.259(a). 10 i nt er st at e c om m er ce t o m ee tthe fi rs tpron g o f e nt erpri se coverage, S cotthas f ai l ed a l s o t o pr oduc e s uf

f i c i e nte vi de nc e t o r a i s e age nui ne i s s ue of m a t e r i a l f

a c ta s t o the

“ a nnua l gr os s vol um e of s a l e s m a de orbus i ne s s done ” byhi s e m pl oy e r ( s ) . 29 U .S .C . § 2 0 3 ( s ) ( 1 ) ( A ) . K .W . M a x a n d th e D a v id s o n s h a v e p r o d u c e d a f f id a v its s ta tin g th a t K .W . M ax’ s ann ual gross vol um e of s al es or bu si ness do ne i s l es s than $ 50 0, 00 0. In r e s p o n s e , S c o tt o f

f e r s ac o m p le x r e c ita tio n o f f ig u r e s a n d c a lc u la tio n s r e la te d to al l eged transfe rs of prop erty betw ee n K . W . M ax and the D avi dson s. H ow ever , e ve n though i ti s c l e a rf r om de pos i t i on t e s t i m ony tha tS c ottha d r e c e i ve d the i ncom e t ax re turns for 200 3 and 20 04 for K . W . M ax and the D avi dson s, S cotthas 1 poi nt e d t o no e vi de nc e i n the r e c or d tha ta nyof the s e tr a ns f

e r s a c tua l l yoc c urr e d, or i f the y di d oc c ur , tha tthe y oc c urr e d dur i ng the y e a r s of S c ott ’ s e m pl oy m e nt , orof a ny pa rt i c ul a rdol l a ra m ount s i nvol ve d. 2 T he onl y e vi de nc e of

a ny tr a ns a c t i on i s R i c k K r a c k’ s de pos i t i on t e s t i m ony r e g a r d in g th e s a le b y K .W . M a x o f o n e p r o p e rtyin 2 0 0 3 o r2 0 0 4 , f o r$ 4 8 5 ,0 0 0 .11

T h e tr a n s a c tio n w a s a n in s ta llm e n t s a le u n d e rw h ic h K .W . M a x r e c e iv e d m o n th ly pa y m e nt s tha tc ont i nue d unt i l the f ul l a m ountw a s f

i na l l ypa i d of

f a te nd of

2005 or e a r l y 2006. R 3- 48- 4 a t191- 93. S c ottha s of f e r e d no e vi de nc e of

w ha tport i on of th e s a le s p r ic e m ig h t h a v e b e e n r e c e iv e d b yK .W . M a x d u r in g e ith e ry e a ro f h is e m p lo y m e n t. S c o tt a ls o a r g u e s th a t, b e c au s e th e d e e d s f o ra ll p r o p e rtie s tr a n s f

e rr e d to K .W . M a x b y th e D a v id s o n s r e m a in in th e D a v id s o n s ’ n a m e s , th e s in g le do cum ent ed sa l e f

or $4 85 , 00 0 cou l d b e a dd ed t o the D avi dson s’ “ i ncom e” t o rea ch the re qu i re d $ 50 0, 00 0 i n sal es m ade or busi ness do ne. A pp el l ant ’ s B r. at13 . E ven i f i tw e r e appr opr i a t e t o c om bi ne s uc h a c t i vi t i e s , notonl yi s the r e no e vi de nc e of the port i on of

the $485, 000 s a l e s pr i c e r e c e i ve d i n e i the r2003 or2004, the D a vi ds ons ’ “ i nc om e , ” a s r e c or de d on the i rt a x r e turns , i s f a rbe l ow $500, 000 f

or e a c h 2003 a nd 2004. R 3- 48- 2 a t1; 48- 3 a t1. F urthe r , S c ottha s m a de no a r gum e nt a s t o how a ny of

the i nc om e l i s t e d on thos e t a x r e turns qua l i f i e s a s “ s a l e s m a de or bu si ness do ne” und erthe st atut e. B ec ause w e a gree w i th the di stri ctcourtthat“ [t ] he fortui t ou s c i rc um st ance of the a m ountof

s a l e s ore xc ha nge s of

s t oc ks a nd bonds f

orr e i nve s tm e nti n a p a rt i c u l a ry e a rwo u l d b e l i tt l e , i f a n y , i n d i c a t i o n o f

th e s i z e o f

th e b u s i n e s s , ” we w i l l notc ons i de rs uc h a m ount s a nd a r e l e f tw i th the D a vi ds ons ’ i nve s tm e nt12

i n c o me . Se e R4 - 6 0 a t8 n . 3 ( q u o t i n g W i rt z v . Co l u mb i a n M u t . Li f e I n s . , 2 4 6 F. S upp. 198, 204 ( D . C . T e nn. 1965) ) . T he r e w a s no c api t a l ga i n, a nd thus no

“ i ncom e” on the D avi dson s’ sa l es of st ocks or bo nd s i n ei ther 200 3 o r 200 4. S ee R3 - 4 8 - 2 a tSc h e d u l e D ; 4 8 - 3 a tSc h e d u l e D . Fu rth e r , th e i ri n v e s tme n ti n c o me ( f r om i nt e r e s ta nd di vi de nds ) a m ount e d t o a r ound $74, 000 i n 2003 a nd about $5 2, 00 0 i n 2 00 4. R 3-48 -2 atS chedul e B ; 48 -2 atS chedul e B . N ei ther e ven appr oa c he s the r e qui r e d $500, 000. A cc ordi ng l y, w e f

i nd thatS cotthas f

ai l ed t o rai se a genui ne i ss ue of m at er i al f a c ta s t o w he the rK . W . M a x a nd/ orthe D a vi ds ons ( s houl d the ybe j oi nt e m p lo y e r s ) h a d g r o s s s a le s o rb u s in e s s d o n e w h ic h m e t o re x c e e d e d $ 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 in a n y y e a rd u r in g w h ic h S c o tt w a s e m p lo y e d . B . S a nc t i ons G e ne r a l l y , w e ha ve j ur i s di c t i on t o r e vi e w onl ythos e “ j udgm e nt s , or de r s or po rt i on s there of w hi ch ar e s peci fi ed i n an app el l ant ' s not i ce of appeal . ” O st erneck v. E . T . B arw i ck Indu s. 82 5 F . 2d 15 21 , 15 28 (11th C i r. 19 87 ); F ed. R . A pp . P . 3(c) ( r e qui r i ng tha tanot i c e of appe a l “ de s i gna t e the j udgm e nt , or de r , orpa rtthe r e of appeal ed. ”) . F urther, “ [a ] l tho ug h w e genera l l y c on strue ano t i ce of appeal l i bera l l y, w e w i l l no texpand i tt o i ncl ud e j ud gm ent s and orders no tspec i fi ed unl e s s the ove rr i di ng i nt e ntt o appe a l the s e or de r s i s r e a di l yappa r e nton the f a c e of13

th e n o tic e . O s te rn e c k , 8 2 5 F .2 d a t 1 5 2 8 . O c c a s io n a lly , w h e n a n u n n o tic e d is s u e is “in e x tr ic ab lyin te rtw in e d ” w ith n o tic e d is s u e s , w e w ill m a k e a n e x c e p tio n , b u t o n ly w h e n th e a d v e r s e p a rtyw ill n o t b e p r e ju d ic e d . S e e H ill v . B e llS o u th T e le c o m m s ., 36 4 F . 3d 13 08 , 13 13 (11th C i r. 20 04 ). H e r e , S c otts pe c i f

i c a l l y not i c e s hi s i nt e ntt o appe a l the f i na l j udgm e nt a ga i ns thi m e nt e r e d on 6 F e brua ry 2007. R 4 62- 63. H e m a ke s no m e nt i on a ta l l of the s a nc t i ons or de rw hi c h w a s e nt e r e d on 8 J a nua ry2007. F urthe r , the i s s ue of s a nc t i ons i m pos e d upon S c ottf orf a i l ur e t o a tt e nd am e di a t i on a s or de r e d bythe courti s c om pl et el y unrel at ed t o the subst ant i ve ca se , and thu s f ai l s t o fal l un der a n y e x c e p tio n to th e ru le . A c c o r d in g ly , d u e to S c o tt’s f a ilu r e to c o m p lyw ith R u le 3 (c), w e l ackj u ri sd i ct i o n t o rev i ew th e i ssu e o f san ct i o n s. I I I . CONCL US I ON S cottappeal s the di stri ctcourt ’ s grantof sum m ary j ud gm entagai nsthi m as t o hi s F L S A c l a i m f

orunpa i d ove rt i m e c om pe ns a t i on. H e a l s o c ha l l e nge s the d is tr ic t c o u rt’s o r d e rs a n c tio n in g h im f o rh is f a ilu r e to a tte n d m e d ia tio n in p e r s o n . B e c aus e w e f

i nd tha tS c ottf

a i l e d t o i ntr oduc e s uf

f i c i e nte vi de nc e t o r a i s e age nui ne i ss ue of m at er i al fa ctas t o w hether hi s e m pl oym entw i th K . W . M ax w as covered b y S e c tio n 7 o f

th e F L S A –a n y e v id e n c e th a t h e w a s e n g a g e d in c o m m e r c e o rin the prod uct i on of go od s f or com m er ce , or thatK . W . M ax or the D avi dson s w as an14

e nt e rpr i s e e nga ge d i n c om m e r c e ori n the pr oduc t i on of goods f orc om m e r c e , or a ny e vi de nc e tha tK . W . M a x a nd/ orthe D a vi ds ons ha d gr os s s a l e s m a de or bu si ness do ne of $5 00 , 00 0 o r m ore – w e AF F I RM the di s tr i c tc ourt ’ s gr a ntof s um m a ry j udgm e nt . B e c aus e S c ottf a i l e d pr ope r l yt o appe a l i t , w e l a c k j ur i s di c t i on t o revi ew the di stri ctcourt ’ s s anct i on s order . A cc ordi ng l y, w e D I SM I SS that p o rtio n o f

S c o tt’s ap p e a l.