United States Department of Labor

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

__________________________________________

M.W., Appellant

and

U.S. POSTAL SERVICE, POST OFFICE, 

Boston, MA, Employer

__________________________________________

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Docket No. 20-1227

Issued: October 20, 2021

Appearances: Case Submitted on the Record

John DeGeneres, Esq., for the appellant1

Office of Solicitor, for the Director

DECISION AND ORDER

Before:

ALEC J. KOROMILAS, Chief Judge

JANICE B. ASKIN, Judge

PATRICIA H. FITZGERALD, Alternate Judge

JURISDICTION

On May 29, 2020 appellant, through counsel, filed a timely appeal from a March 18, 2020 

merit decision of the Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs (OWCP).2 Pursuant to the 

1

In all cases in which a representative has been authorized in a matter before the Board, no claim for a fee for legal 

or other service performed on appeal before the Board is valid unless approved by the Board. 20 C.F.R. § 501.9(e). 

No contract for a stipulated fee or on a contingent fee basis will be approved by the Board. Id. An attorney or 

representative’s collection of a fee without the Board’s approval may constitute a misdemeanor, subject to fine or 

imprisonment for up to one year or both. Id.; see also 18 U.S.C. § 292. Demands for payment of fees to a 

representative, prior to approval by the Board, may be reported to appropriate authorities for investigation.

2 Appellant, through counsel, submitted a timely request for oral argument before the Board. 20 C.F.R. § 501.5(b). 

Pursuant to the Board’s Rules of Procedure, oral argument may be held in the discretion of the Board. 20 C.F.R. 

§ 501.5(a). In support of appellant’s oral argument request, counsel asserted that oral argument should be granted in 

order for appellant to provide argument on whether his work factors contributed to his bilateral knee osteoarthritic 

condition. The Board, in exercising its discretion, denies appellant’s request for oral argument, finding that the 

arguments on appeal could adequately be addressed based on the case record. Oral argument in this appeal would 

further delay issuance of a Board decision and not serve a useful purpose. As such, the oral argument request is denied 

and this decision is based on the case record as submitted to the Board.
2

Federal Employees’ Compensation Act3(FECA) and 20 C.F.R. §§ 501.2(c) and 501.3, the Board 

has jurisdiction over the merits of this case.

ISSUE

The issue is whether appellant has met his burden of proof to establish a bilateral knee 

condition causally related to the accepted factors of his federal employment. 

FACTUAL HISTORY

On September 22, 2017 appellant, then a retired 64-year-old letter carrier, filed an 

occupational disease claim (Form CA-2) alleging that factors of his federal employment 

contributed to his bilateral knee osteoarthritis. He noted that he first became aware of this 

condition and its relationship to his federal employment on June 7, 2017. In a narrative statement

dated March 30, 2017, appellant described his letter carrier duties as very physical. He began 

working for the employing establishment in 1980. Appellant retired in January 2014. He related 

that he was unsure as to the date his bilateral knee arthritis first developed and explained that he 

would slip, fall, trip, or stumble in the winter months at least a dozen times while delivering mail.

In support of his claim, appellant submitted medical evidence covering the period 

February 21, 1974 through June 7, 2017.

The record contains progress notes covering the period January 15 through July 21, 2015 

from Dr. Ira K. Evans, a Board-certified orthopedic surgeon. Dr. Evans summarized appellant’s 

medical history including that he was seen years ago for significant right knee lateral compartment 

osteoarthritis. He reviewed diagnostic tests, provided examination findings, and diagnosed right 

knee end-stage valgus patellofemoral osteoarthritis with effusion.

A December 3, 2015 x-ray revealed severe right knee lateral predominant degenerative 

changes with chondrocalcinosis and valgus deformity. 

The record contains progress notes dated December 3, 2015 and April 21, 2016 from

Dr. Andrew Albert Freiberg, a Board-certified orthopedic surgeon, who diagnosed bilateral knee 

primary osteoarthritis and noted a total right knee replacement surgery had been scheduled.

The record contains an April 21, 2016 x-ray, which revealed severe right knee degenerative 

changes and left knee meniscal chondrocalcinosis with mild tricompartmental degenerative 

change.

On May 10, 2016 appellant underwent right total knee arthroplasty.

In progress notes dated May 26, 2016, Kristin A. Wood, a certified nurse practitioner, 

reported that appellant underwent total right knee replacement surgery on May 10, 2016. She 

reviewed diagnostic test, provided examination findings, and diagnosed right knee osteoarthritis.

3

5 U.S.C. § 8101 et seq.
3

The record contains a June 7, 2016 x-ray report, which noted right total knee arthroplasty, 

no evidence of hardware complication, and evidence of gout involving both popliteus tendons.

In a March 23, 2017 report, Dr. Justin W. Kung, a Board-certified radiologist, noted that 

he reviewed appellant’s January 12, 2017 left knee x-ray and determined that appellant had mild 

degenerative change in the left knee medial compartment.

In a June 7, 2017 report, Dr. Bryon V. Hartunian, an orthopedic surgery specialist, 

reviewed appellant’s employment history and duties, and noted that he had retired in January 2014. 

He provided examination findings and diagnosed status post right total knee replacement for endstage degenerative arthritis and primary left knee joint arthritis with 3.0 millimeter cartilage 

interval at medial femorotibial joint. Appellant stated that his work duties required carrying a 35-

pound satchel while walking seven to eight miles per day, occasional lifting/carrying of 70 pounds, 

entering and exiting a delivery truck 200 times daily, ascending and descending hundreds of stairs 

in all types of weather, and walking over different types of terrain. Dr. Hartunian noted that 

appellant’s work also required repetitive twisting, bending, lifting, stooping, squatting, stair 

climbing, and reaching. He asserted that appellant’s bilateral knee degenerative osteoarthritis was 

“likely” aggravated by his work activities as a letter carrier. Dr. Hartunian indicated that arthritis 

occurred due to chronic inflammation caused by repeated local stress on cartilage surfaces. He

related, “With less resilience, the cartilage becomes more susceptible to wear and tear of the 

impact-loading activities, which in turn results in an accelerated loss of articular cartilage as a 

result of those activities. This is what happened to [appellant] as documented in his medical 

records.” Dr. Hartunian explained that arthritis is caused by a well-described biological/chemical 

process where excessive impact loading and repeated stresses on the cartilage surface result in 

chronic inflammation resulting in a chemical change in the cartilage, most significantly the 

proteoglycans, which are responsible for cartilage resistance. He opined, in conclusion, that there 

was no doubt that the high-impact loading activities engaged in by appellant in his employment 

position contributed to the development and progression of his bilateral knee arthritis.

In a development letter dated November 3, 2017, OWCP informed appellant that the 

evidence of record was insufficient to establish his claim. It advised him of the type of medical 

and factual evidence necessary to support his claim and provided a questionnaire for his

completion. OWCP specifically noted that evidence was needed to establish that appellant had 

filed his claim in a timely manner. A separate development letter of even date requested additional 

information from the employing establishment. OWCP afforded both parties 30 days to submit 

the requested information.

By decision dated December 13, 2017, OWCP denied appellant’s claim, finding that he 

failed to file a timely claim within the requisite three-year time limit under section 8122(a) of 

FECA (5 U.S.C. § 8122(a)). It found that the date of last exposure was January 2, 2014 and that 

he had not filed his occupational disease claim until September 22, 2017.

On December 21, 2017 appellant, through counsel, requested a telephonic hearing before 

a representative of OWCP’s Branch of Hearings and Review, which was subsequently converted 

to a request for a review of the written record in lieu of a telephonic hearing.
4

Dr. Hartunian, in a report dated June 5, 2018, provided clarification regarding the cause of 

appellant’s diagnosed bilateral knee osteoarthritis. He referred to OWCP’s causation definition 

for acceleration of arthritis and the example given of 15 years of substantial walking, noting 

appellant’s 34-year career and work activities caused and contributed to the diagnosed bilateral 

knee arthritis. Dr. Hartunian attributed the development and progression of appellant’s bilateral 

knee arthritis to the high-impact loading work activities required by appellant’s letter carrier job.

By decision dated August 17, 2018, OWCP’s hearing representative affirmed the 

December 13, 2017 decision as modified. She determined that because appellant was not aware 

of and could not have reasonably been aware of the relationship between his diagnosed bilateral

knee condition and his employment until March 30, 2017, appellant’s claim was timely filed. The 

hearing representative also found, however, that the medical evidence of record was insufficient 

to establish that appellant’s bilateral knee osteoarthritis was causally related to or aggravated by 

his accepted employment factors. 

On July 31, 2019 appellant, through counsel, requested reconsideration. In support of his 

request, he submitted a July 17, 2019 addendum report by Dr. Hartunian and a June 17, 2019 report 

by Dr. Kung. 

In his report dated June 17, 2019, Dr. Kung noted that he reviewed appellant’s January 15, 

2015 right knee x-ray and determined that appellant had severe degenerative change in the right 

knee lateral compartment. 

Dr. Hartunian, in his July 17, 2019 addendum, explained that the use of the phrase “most 

likely” meant a certainty of 95 percent. He explained that he was aware of appellant’s prior golf 

injury and gout diagnosis, which he explained did not negate the contribution of appellant’s severe 

and repetitive impact loading work activities to the diagnosed bilateral knee osteoarthritis.

By decision dated October 25, 2019, OWCP denied modification.

On December 18, 2019 appellant, through counsel, requested reconsideration, asserting 

errors of law in the prior decision.

By decision dated March 18, 2020, OWCP denied modification. 

LEGAL PRECEDENT

An employee seeking benefits under FECA4 has the burden of proof to establish the 

essential elements of his claim, including the fact that the individual is an employee of the United 

States within the meaning of FECA, that the claim was filed within the applicable time limitation, 

that an injury was sustained while in the performance of duty, as alleged, and that any disability 

or specific condition for which compensation is claimed is causally related to the employment 

4

Supra note 3.
5

injury.5 These are the essential elements of each and every compensation claim regardless of 

whether the claim is predicated on a traumatic injury or an occupational disease. 6

To establish that an injury was sustained in the performance of duty in an occupational 

disease claim, a claimant must submit the following: (1) a factual statement identifying 

employment factors alleged to have caused or contributed to the presence or occurrence o f the 

disease or condition; (2) medical evidence establishing the presence or existence of the disease or 

condition for which compensation is claimed; and (3) medical evidence establishing that the 

diagnosed condition is causally related to the identified employment factors. 7

Causal relationship is a medical question that requires rationalized medical opinion 

evidence to resolve the issue.8 A physician’s opinion on whether there is causal relationship 

between the diagnosed condition and the implicated employment factor(s) must be based on a 

complete factual and medical background.9 Additionally, the physician’s opinion must be 

expressed in terms of a reasonable degree of medical certainty, and must be supported by medical 

rationale explaining the nature of the relationship between the diagnosed condition and appellant’s 

specific employment factor(s).10

ANALYSIS

The Board finds that the case is not in posture for decision. 

In support of his claim, appellant submitted a series of reports from Dr. Hartunian, 

including a June 7, 2017 report in which he diagnosed status post right total knee replacement for 

end-stage degenerative arthritis and primary left knee joint arthritis with 3.0 millimeter cartilage 

interval at medial femorotibial joint and opined that his bilateral knee osteoarthritis was caused or 

aggravated by his employment duties. In his reports, Dr. Hartunian demonstrated that he had a

proper history of appellant’s employment position as a letter carrier and recounted the specific 

duties that he performed over the course of his postal carrier. He correctly indicated that 

appellant’s work required repetitive walking, bending, squatting, stooping, twisting, lifting, 

climbing, and reaching activities while carrying a mail satchel. In his June 5, 2018 addendum 

report, Dr. Hartunian explained that the job of a letter carrier, over a 34-year career, can and does 

5 M.R., Docket No. 19-1954 (issued March 1, 2021); E.S.,Docket 18-1580 (issued January 23, 2020); M.E., Docket 

No. 18-1135 (issued January 4, 2019);C.S., Docket No. 08-1585 (issued March 3, 2009); Bonnie A. Contreras, 57 

ECAB 364 (2006).

6 M.R., id.; E.S., id.; S.P., 59 ECAB 184 (2007); Joe D. Cameron, 41 ECAB 153 (1989); Elaine Pendleton, 40 

ECAB 1143 (1989).

7 E.S., supra note 5; R.G., Docket No. 19-0233 (issued July 16, 2019). See also Roy L. Humphrey, 57 ECAB 238, 

241 (2005); Ruby I. Fish, 46 ECAB 276, 279 (1994);Victor J. Woodhams, 41 ECAB 345 (1989).

8 W.M.,Docket No. 14-1853 (issued May 13, 2020); T.H., 59 ECAB 388, 393 (2008); Robert G. Morris, 48 ECAB 

238 (1996).

9 E.S., supra note 5; M.V., Docket No. 18-0884 (issued December 28, 2018).

10 Id.; Victor J. Woodhams, supra note 7.
6

accelerate arthritis because of the continuous walking, lifting, and climbing, which had hastened 

appellant’s osteoarthritis. He explained, physiologically, that there was no doubt that the highimpact loading activities appellant engaged in as a letter carrier contributed to the development 

and progression of his arthritic conditions. Dr. Hartunian provided a direct opinion that arthritis 

is caused by a well-described biological/chemical process where excessive impact loading and 

repeated stresses on the cartilage surface result in chronic inflammation resulting in a chemical 

change in the cartilage, most significantly the proteoglycans, which are responsible for cartilage 

resistance. He explained how the less resilient the cartilage becomes, the more susceptible it is to 

the wear and tear of the impact-loading activities, which in turn results in an accelerated loss of 

articular cartilage as a result of those activities. Likewise, in his July 17, 2019 supplemental 

addendum, Dr. Hartunian noted his awareness of appellant’s prior golf injury and gout diagnosis, 

but opined that they did not negate the contribution of appellant’s severe and repetitive impact 

loading work activities to the diagnosed bilateral knee osteoarthritis.

It is well established that, proceedings under FECA are not adversarial in nature and, while 

appellant has the burden of proof to establish entitlement to compensation, OWCP shares 

responsibility in the development of the evidence.11 While Dr. Hartunian’s reports do not contain 

sufficient rationale to discharge appellant’s burden of proof by the weight of the reliable, 

substantial, and probative evidence that his bilateral knee osteoarthritis was caused or aggravated 

by the accepted employment factors, these reports raise an inference of causal relationship 

sufficient to require further development of the case record by OWCP.12

It is well established that proceedings under FECA are not adversarial in nature and, while 

the claimant has the burden of proof to establish entitlement to compensation, OWCP shares 

responsibility in the development of the evidence to see that justice is done. 13

On remand OWCP shall refer appellant, a statement of accepted facts, and the medical 

record to an appropriate specialist. The physician shall provide a rationalized opinion as to whether 

the diagnosed bilateral knee conditions are causally related to the accepted factors of appellant’s 

federal employment in his former position as a letter carrier. If the physician opines that the 

diagnosed conditions are not causally related, he or she must explain, with rationale, how or why 

his or her opinion differs from that of Dr. Hartunian. Following this and such other further 

development as deemed necessary, OWCP shall issue a de novo decision on appellant’s claim.

CONCLUSION

The Board finds that this case is not in posture for decision.

11 A.D., Docket No. 20-0758 (issued January11, 2021); J.H., Docket No. 18-1637 (issued January 29, 2020). See 

also A.P., Docket No. 17-0813 (issued January 3, 2018); Jimmy A. Hammons, 51 ECAB 219, 223 (1999).

12 See A.D., id.; T.K., Docket No. 20-0150 (issued July 9, 2020); John J. Carlone, 41 ECAB 354 (1989); Horace 

Langhorne, 29 ECAB820(1978).

13 S.B., Docket No. 20-1458 (issued March 5, 2021); S.S.,Docket No. 20-1141 (issued December 14, 2020); A.P., 

supra note 11; Phillip L. Barnes, 55 ECAB 426 (2004).
7

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT the March 18, 2020 decision of the Office of 

Workers’ Compensation Programs is set aside and the case is remanded for further proceedings 

consistent with this opinion of the Board.

Issued: October 20, 2021

Washington, DC

Alec J. Koromilas, Chief Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

Janice B. Askin, Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

Patricia H. Fitzgerald, Alternate Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board