United States Department of Labor

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

__________________________________________

F.F., Appellant

and

U.S. POSTAL SERVICE, WILKES BARRE 

POST OFFICE, Wilkes-Barre, PA, Employer

__________________________________________

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Docket No. 23-0721

Issued: December 4, 2023

Appearances: Case Submitted on the Record

Michael S. Melnick, Esq., for the appellant1

Office of Solicitor, for the Director

DECISION AND ORDER

Before:

ALEC J. KOROMILAS, Chief Judge

JANICE B. ASKIN, Judge

JAMES D. McGINLEY, Alternate Judge

JURISDICTION

On April 17, 2023 appellant, through counsel, filed a timely appeal from a February 16, 

2023 merit decision of the Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs (OWCP). Pursuant to the 

Federal Employees’ Compensation Act2(FECA) and 20 C.F.R. §§ 501.2(c) and 501.3, the Board 

has jurisdiction over the merits of this case.

1

In all cases in which a representative has been authorized in a matter before the Board, no claim for a fee for legal 

or other service performed on appeal before the Board is valid unless approved by the Board. 20 C.F.R. § 501.9(e). 

No contract for a stipulated fee or on a contingent fee basis will be approved by the Board. Id. An attorney or 

representative’s collection of a fee without the Board’s approval may constitute a misdemeanor, subject to fine or 

imprisonment for up to one year or both. Id.; see also 18 U.S.C. § 292. Demands for payment of fees to a 

representative, prior to approval by the Board, may be reported to appropriate authorities for investigation.

2

5 U.S.C. § 8101 et seq.
2

ISSUE

The issue is whether appellant has met his burden of proof to establish a left knee condition 

causally related to the accepted March 16, 2017 employment incident.

FACTUAL HISTORY

This case has previously been before the Board.3 The facts and circumstances as set forth 

in the Board’s prior decisions are incorporated herein by reference. The relevant facts are as 

follows. 

On October 24, 2018 appellant, then a 56-year-old letter carrier, filed an occupational 

disease claim (Form CA-2) alleging that he aggravated a previous work-related left knee injury 

due to factors of his federal employment, explaining that on March 16, 2017 he was delivering 

mail while hiking through deep snow, when he experienced pain in his left knee. He noted that he 

first became aware of his condition and first realized its relation to his federal employment that 

day. Appellant stopped work on March 16, 2017. OWCP assigned the claim OWCP File No. 

xxxxxx592.

Appellant had previously filed a traumatic injury claim (Form CA-1), assigned OWCP File 

No. xxxxxx234, for a left knee injury sustained on January 3, 2015 when he slipped and twisted 

his knee on a resident’s steps while delivering mail in icy conditions. On March 7, 2016 OWCP 

accepted this claim for a cystic meniscus, posterior horn of medial meniscus of the left knee; and 

a sprain of the lateral collateral ligament of the left knee. 

In a February 13, 2018 letter, Dr.William Krywicki, a Board-certified orthopedic surgeon, 

noted his history of treatment for appellant’s left knee in relation to the January 3, 2015 

employment incident when he slipped on ice and twisted his knee while delivering mail. He 

subsequently evaluated appellant on May 9, 2017 relating that appellant informed him that he had 

been experiencing more pain in his left knee since March 15 or 16, 2017. Appellant explained to

Dr. Krywicki that, after a large snowstorm, he was required to wear boots and walk differently 

through the snow in order to deliver his mail. Dr. Krywicki diagnosed stage III arthritic 

progression and opined that appellant’s left knee condition was a direct progression of the 

January 3, 2015 traumatic injury. He explained that appellant previously had a ligament injury 

and that his stage III arthritic changes of the left knee were caused by the added stress of walking 

through a snowpack, which created stresses and torsions to his left knee.

In an undated statement, appellant recounted the events of his previous January 3, 2015 

employment incident where he slipped while carrying mail in the performance of duty and injured 

his left knee. He explained that on March 16, 2017 he aggravated his left knee by walking through 

deep snow on his mail route. Appellant described the conditions after a blizzard on March 16, 

2017 and stated that he had to wear additional clothing and walk with a different motion in order 

to deliver his mail. His left knee began to hurt about mid-route and his condition gradually 

worsened.

3 Docket No. 22-0266 (issued September 27, 2022); Docket No. 20-1542 (issued April 9, 2021).
3

In response to OWCP’s development questionnaire, appellant submitted a November 16, 

2018 statement and indicated that his claim was a traumatic injury claim, rather than an 

occupational disease claim. 

By decision dated December 3, 2018, OWCP denied appellant’s occupational disease 

claim, finding that the evidence of record was insufficient to establish the implicated employment 

factors. It concluded, therefore, that the requirements had not been met to establish an injury as 

defined by FECA.

OWCP received additional evidence. On March 21, 2017 Dr. Diane Ciaglia, an osteopath

Board-certified in family medicine, noted that appellant reported favoring a knee while walking in 

the snow and that he thought it could have been arthritis. On evaluation, she diagnosed pain in an 

unspecified knee. 

Dr. Krywicki, in a December 10, 2018 letter, again recounted his history of medical 

treatment for appellant’s left knee in relation to appellant’s January 3, 2015 employment injury 

and subsequent March 16, 2017 employment incident. He opined, within a reasonable degree of 

medical certainty, that his findings of arthritic wear were a direct progression of appellant’s 

January 3, 2015 employment injury. Dr. Krywicki further explained that appellant was able to 

navigate on dry surfaces, but walking through the snow on March 16, 2017 caused appellant to 

change his walking pattern and created a torsional motion that aggravated his arthritis. 

On January 2, 2019 appellant, through counsel, requested an oral hearing before a 

representative of OWCP’s Branch of Hearings and Review.

In a May 2, 2019 report, Dr. Krywicki opined that the aggravation of appellant’s 

degenerative left knee arthritis related to the findings in a February 2015 magnetic resonance 

imaging (MRI) scan demonstrating a complex tear of his medial meniscus and articular surface 

damage to the femoral condyle and tibial surface related to his January 3, 2015 employment injury. 

He attached an article on osteoarthritis.

An oral hearing was held on May 7, 2019. Counsel explained that appellant’s claim was 

for a traumatic injury and not an occupational disease.4

In a May 23, 2019 report, Dr. Krywicki opined within a reasonable degree of medical 

certainty that appellant’s disability occurred as a result of aggravation to the left knee on 

March 16, 2017. He noted that the progression of arthritis to a level stage III or stage IV on x-ray 

required a total knee replacement. Dr. Krywicki opined with a reasonable degree of medical 

certainty that the disability from work that started on March 16, 2017 was the direct and expected 

progression of arthritis in appellant’s left knee that related back to the January 2015 employment 

injury. 

4 Appellant testified that on March 13, 14, and 15, 2017 his locality experienced an extraordinary amount of snow 

and he did not work because the roads were not passable. When he returned to work on March 16, 2017 the mail was 

backed up and he was responsible for two- and three-day mail deliveries in one day. Appellant testified that on 

March 16, 2017 he reported his injury to his supervisor, who instructed him to file a recurrence claim (Form CA-2a)

under OWCP File No. xxxxxx234. 
4

By decision dated July 19, 2019, OWCP’s hearing representative found that appellant’s

claim actually was a claim for an occupational disease rather than a traumatic injury and affirmed 

the December 3, 2018 decision, finding that there were sufficient inconsistencies in the evidence 

that cast serious doubt on the validity of appellant’s claim.

On November 25, 2019 appellant, through counsel, requested reconsideration of OWCP’s 

July 19, 2019 decision. Appellant submitted additional evidence, including a February 7, 2020 

statement in which he asserted that the date used on his Form CA-2 was used in error and that he 

was given no guidance or assistance in filing his claim. He asserted that the employing 

establishment ignored his statements about the weather being the reason he used a sick day the day 

before the alleged March 16, 2017 injury and that the snow on the ground was the reason he 

aggravated his left knee.

By decision dated February 25, 2020, OWCP denied appellant’s request for 

reconsideration of the merits of his claim. 

On August 20, 2020 appellant appealed to the Board. By decision dated April 9, 2021, the 

Board set aside the February 25, 2020 decision and remanded the case for further proceedings. 

The Board found that OWCP improperly denied appellant’s request for reconsideration of the 

merits of his claim pursuant to 5 U.S.C. § 8128(a). The Board determined that appellantsubmitted 

a February 7, 2020 statement that constituted relevant and pertinent new evidence with regard to 

whether he sustained a traumatic injury on March 16, 2017. The Board further instructed OWCP 

to administratively combine OWCP File No. xxxxxx592 and OWCP File No. xxxxxx234. 5

By decision dated July 1, 2021, OWCP denied modification of the February 25, 2020 

decision.

On December 7, 2021 appellant appealed to the Board. By decision dated September 27, 

2022, the Board reversed in part and set aside in part the July 1, 2021 decision and remanded the 

case for further development. The Board found that appellant met his burden of proof to establish 

a traumatic incident in the performance of duty on March 16, 2017. The Board further found that 

the case was not in posture for decision regarding whether he established a diagnosed medical 

condition causally related to the accepted March 16, 2017 employment incident and instructed 

OWCP to evaluate the medical evidence.6

By decision dated February 16, 2023, OWCP denied appellant’s traumatic injury claim, 

finding that the medical evidence submitted was insufficient to establish a diagnosed medical 

condition causally related to the accepted March 16, 2017 employment incident.

5

Supra note 3. OWCP then administratively combined OWCP File No. xxxxxx592 and OWCP File No. 

xxxxxx234, with the latter serving as the master file.

6

Id.
5

LEGAL PRECEDENT

An employee seeking benefits under FECA7 has the burden of proof to establish the 

essential elements of his or her claim, including that the individual is an employee of the United 

States within the meaning of FECA, that the claim was timely filed within the applicable time 

limitation of FECA,8that an injury was sustained in the performance of duty as alleged, and that 

any disability or medical condition for which compensation is claimed is causally related to the 

employment injury.9 These are the essential elements of each and every compensation claim, 

regardless of whether the claim is predicated upon a traumatic injury or an occupational disease.10

To determine whether a federal employee has sustained a traumatic injury in the 

performance of duty, it first must be determined whether fact of injury has been established. First, 

the employee must submit sufficient evidence to establish that he or she actually experienced the 

employment incident at the time, place, and in the manner alleged. Second, the employee must 

submit sufficient evidence to establish that the employment incident caused a personal injury. 11

The medical evidence required to establish a causal relationship is rationalized medical 

opinion evidence.12 The opinion of the physician must be based on a complete factual and medical 

background of the employee, must be one of reasonable medical certainty, and must be supported 

by medical rationale explaining the nature of the relationship between the diagnosed condition and 

specific employment incident identified by the employee. 13

ANALYSIS

The Board finds that this case is not in posture for decision.

Initially, the Board notes that it is unnecessary to consider the evidence appellant submitted 

prior to the issuance of OWCP’s July 1, 2021 decision, which was considered by the Board in its 

7

Supra note 2.

8 F.H., Docket No. 18-0869 (issued January 29, 2020); J.P., Docket No. 19-0129 (issued April26, 2019); JoeD. 

Cameron, 41 ECAB 153 (1989).

9 L.C., Docket No. 19-1301 (issued January 29, 2020); J.H., Docket No. 18-1637 (issued January 29, 2020); 

James E. Chadden, Sr., 40 ECAB 312 (1988).

10 P.A., Docket No. 18-0559 (issued January 29, 2020); K.M., Docket No. 15-1660 (issued September 16, 2016); 

Delores C. Ellyett, 41 ECAB 992 (1990).

11 T.J., Docket No. 19-0461 (issued August11, 2020); K.L., Docket No. 18-1029 (issued January 9, 2019); John J. 

Carlone, 41 ECAB 354 (1989).

12 S.S., Docket No. 19-0688 (issued January 24, 2020); A.M., Docket No. 18-1748 (issued April 24, 2019); 

Robert G. Morris, 48 ECAB 238 (1996).

13 T.L., Docket No. 18-0778 (issued January 22, 2020); Y.S., Docket No. 18-0366 (issued January 22, 2020); 

Victor J. Woodhams, 41 ECAB 345, 352 (1989).
6

September 27, 2022 decision. Findings made in prior Board decisions are res judicata absent 

further merit review by OWCP under section 8128 of FECA. 14

In a February 13, 2018 letter, Dr. Krywicki noted his history of treatment for appellant’s 

left knee in relation to the January 3, 2015 employment incident when appellant slipped on ice and 

twisted his knee while delivering mail. He evaluated appellant on May 9, 2017 for increased pain 

in hisleft knee since March 15 or 16, 2017, after a large snowstorm which necessitated his wearing

boots and walking differently through the snow in order to deliver his mail. Dr. Krywicki 

diagnosed stage III arthritic progression and opined that appellant’s left knee condition was a direct 

progression of the January 3, 2015 employment injury. He explained that appellant previously 

had a ligament injury and that the stage III arthritic changes of appellant’s left knee were caused 

by the added stress of walking through a snowpack, which created stresses and torsions to his left 

knee. Dr. Krywicki, in a December 10, 2018 letter, opined, within a reasonable degree of medical 

certainty, that his findings of arthritic wear were a direct progression of appellant’s January 3, 

2015 employment injury and stated that appellant’s walking through the snow on March 16, 2017 

caused appellant to change his walking pattern and created a torsional motion that aggravated his 

arthritis.

The Board finds that Dr. Krywicki’s February 13 and December 10, 2018 letters, when 

read together, are sufficient to require further development of the medical evidence. 15 

Dr. Krywicki, in these reports, provides a pathophysiological explanation as to how walking 

through the snow on March 16, 2017 caused appellant to change his walking pattern and created

torsional motion with the left knee that aggravated his arthritis. The Board has long held that it is 

unnecessary that the evidence of record in a case be so conclusive as to suggest causal connection 

beyond all possible doubt. Rather, the evidence required is only that necessary to convince the 

adjudicator that the conclusion drawn is rational, sound, and logical.16 Accordingly,

Dr. Krywicki’s medical opinion is sufficient to require further development of appellant’s claim.17

It is well established that, proceedings under FECA are not adversarial in nature and, while 

appellant has the burden of proof to establish entitlement to compensation, OWCP shares 

responsibility in the development of the evidence.18 OWCP has an obligation to see that justice is 

done.19

14 C.M., Docket No. 19-1211 (issued August 5, 2020).

15 C.S., Docket No. 22-1087 (issued May 1, 2023); see I.S., Docket No. 20-0216 (issued August 15, 2022).

16 W.M., Docket No. 17-1244 (issued November 7, 2017); E.M., Docket No. 11-1106 (issued December 28, 2011); 

Kenneth J. Deerman, 34 ECAB 641, 645 (1983) and cases cited therein.

17 D.S., Docket No. 17-1359 (issued May 3, 2019); X.V., Docket No. 18-1360 (issued April12, 2019); C.M., Docket 

No. 17-1977 (issued January 29, 2019); William J. Cantrell, 34 ECAB 1223 (1983).

18 See id. See also A.P., Docket No. 17-0813 (issued January 3, 2018); Jimmy A. Hammons, 51 ECAB 219, 

223 (1999).

19 See B.C., Docket No. 15-1853 (issued January 19, 2016);E.J., Docket No. 09-1481 (issued February 19, 2010); 

John J. Carlone, 41 ECAB 354 (1989).
7

On remand, OWCP shall refer appellant, the medical record, and a statement of accepted 

facts to a specialist in the appropriate field of medicine for an examination and a rationalized 

medical opinion as to whether the accepted March 16, 2017 employment incident either caused or 

aggravated his diagnosed conditions.20 If the second opinion physician disagrees with the 

explanations provided by Dr. Krywicki, he or she must provide a fully-rationalized explanation 

explaining why the accepted March 16, 2017 employment incident was insufficient to have caused 

or aggravated his diagnosed ligament injury and stage III arthritic changes of the left knee. After 

this and other such further development of the case record as deemed necessary, OWCP shall issue 

a de novo decision.

CONCLUSION

The Board finds that this case is not in posture for decision.

ORDER

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT the February 16, 2023 decision of the Office of 

Workers’ Compensation Programs is set aside and the case is remanded for further proceedings 

consistent with this decision of the Board.

Issued: December 4, 2023

Washington, DC

Alec J. Koromilas, Chief Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

Janice B. Askin, Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

James D. McGinley, Alternate Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

20 Federal (FECA) Procedure Manual, Part 2 -- Claims, Causal Relationship, Chapter 2.805.5b (January 2013); 

C.C., Docket No. 19-1631 (issued February 12, 2020).