# Patent

## Title
MRI system with means to eliminate object movement whilst acquiring its image

## Abstract

A method of reducing the effect of object movements along MRI imaging. The method includes: acquiring a sequence of MRI consecutive images of an object; storing on a computer readable medium, for each of the images, at least one parameter p indicating spatial image orientation at which the image was taken; analyzing the sequence of the images for detection of the object movement; and tagging images of at least one movement of the object.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/710,725, filed Oct. 7, 2012, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention pertains to means and methods for reducing the effect of object movements along MRI imaging.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Subject motion and associated artifacts limit the applicability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the achievable quality of the images acquired, See Zaitsev et al., Magnetic resonance imaging of freely moving objects: prospective real-time motion correction using an external optical motion tracking system, NeuroImage 31(3), 1038-1050 (2006). Post-processing techniques have been developed to suppress MRI artifact arising from object planar rigid motion, See for example Zoroofi et al., IEEE Transaction on Medical Imaging, 15(6), 768-784 (1996). More over, a few patents, such as U.S. Pat. No. 5,602,891 disclose computerized tomography (CT) scanners & functional MRI (fMRI) imaging apparatus with means for compensation object motion.
As presented by Ranieri (2011), during fMRI acquisition, light restraints (i.e. foam wedges, vacuum pillows, straps, etc.) are used to help limit head motion. These restraints are most effective in restricting motion in the medial-lateral direction, and less effective for motion in orthogonal directions. With the desire to keep patient discomfort and stress at a minimum, head restraint is only lightly used and is not an extremely effective technique for preventing motion in fMRI, See Ranieri, S. M., “Development of Simulator Training to Reduce Head Motion Artifact in fMRI”, Master's Thesis in Health Science, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 2011.
Hence, MRI devices targeted for avoiding motion artifacts and specialized in producing an image sequence with reduced object-movement affect, and especially such as MRI systems adapted to image uncontrollably movable objects, such as neonates, premature babies and laboratory animals; and especially in those special cases were restrain is to be avoided, is still a long felt and unmet need.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is thus an object of the current invention to disclose a first method for avoiding object motion artifacts along MRI imaging. The method comprising steps of: (a) acquiring a sequence of N MRI consecutive images CIn of an object; (b) storing on a computer readable medium (CRM) for each of said CIn: at least one parameter p indicating spatial image orientation at which said image was taken; (c) analyzing said sequence of said CIn for detection of said object movement; and tagging thereby KM images CIkM of at least one movement M of said object; (d) for each of said movement M, determining the following using said tagged images CIkM: two of the following: the movement starting time TMS, the movement ending time TME, and time length of said movement TM; the movement spatial image orientation parameter PMS at the beginning of the movement, wherein said method additionally comprising for each said M, whose TM is shorter from a predetermined time length PT, steps of (e) acquiring a sequence of KM MRI consecutive images NCIkM starting at said PMS; and ending after said TM; (f) replacing said CIkM with said NCIkM, then replacing, in said sequence CIn, the images that correspond in location to CIkM with its respective CIkM image; (g) repeating steps (c)-(f) until no more movements whose TM is shorter than said PT can be detected; thereby, producing an image sequence with reduced object-movement in MRI imaging. The method hence enhanced the quality of the MRI images acquired, increases SNR and decreases associated artifacts.
It is another object of the current invention to disclose a second method for reducing the effect of object movements along MRI imaging; the method comprising steps of: (a) acquiring a sequence of N MRI consecutive images CIn of an object; (b) storing on a computer readable medium (CRM) for each of said CIn: at least one parameter p indicating spatial image orientation at which said image was taken; by means of one or more non-MRI motion detectors, (c) analyzing motion of said object and tagging thereby KM images CIkM of at least one movement M of said object; (d) for each of said movement M, determining the following using said tagged images CIkM: two of the following: the movement starting time TMS, the movement ending time TME, and time length of said movement TM; the movement spatial image orientation parameter PMS at the beginning of the movement, wherein said method additionally comprising for each said M, whose TM is shorter from a predetermined time length PT, steps of (e) acquiring a sequence of KM MRI consecutive images NCIkM starting at said PMS; and ending after said TM; replacing said CIkM with said NCIkM, then (f) replacing, in said sequence CIn, the images that correspond in location to CIkM with its respective CIkM image; (g) repeating steps (c)-(f) until no more movements whose TM is shorter than said PT can be detected; thereby, producing an image sequence with reduced object-movement in MRI imaging.
It is another object of the current invention to disclose a method for reducing the effect of object movements along MRI imaging as defined in any of the above, additionally comprising a step of selecting the non-MRI motion detectors from a group consisting of or otherwise comprising: passive infrared sensors; detectors which senses body heat; mechanical detector; electronic detectors; optical detectors; acoustical detectors; sound detectors (acoustic sensors); opacity detectors (optical and infrared sensors and video image processors); geomagnetism detectors (magnetic sensors, magnetometers); reflection of transmitted energy detectors (infrared laser radar, ultrasonic sensors, and microwave radar sensors); electromagnetic induction detectors (inductive-loop detectors); vibration detectors (triboelectric, seismic, and inertia-switch sensors); and any combination thereof.
It is another object of the current invention to disclose a method as defined in any of the above, wherein the method additionally comprising step of selecting said parameter from a group consisting of: angel of image with respect to the object, spatial coordinates of the area of the image, location of MRI components and a combination thereof.
It is another object of the current invention to disclose a method as defined in any of the above, wherein the method additionally comprising step of selecting said object from a group consisting of: adult person, person under anesthesia, infant, premature baby, animal and a combination thereof.
It is another object of the current invention to disclose a method as defined in any of the above, wherein the method additionally comprising step of characterizing at least one of said movement M by the extent of said movement.
It is another object of the current invention to disclose a method as defined in any of the above, wherein the method additionally comprising an image processing step prior to step (c); wherein said processing step comprising performing Fourier transformation on said consecutive image to momentum space (K-space).
It is another object of the current invention to disclose a method as defined in any of the above, wherein said step of analyzing is performed on images in K-space.
It is another object of the current invention to disclose an MRI system imaging a movable object. The MRI system comprising: an MRI device adapted to take a sequence of N MRI consecutive images CIn of an object; each of said images is characterized by at least one parameter p indicating spatial image orientation at which said image was taken; a computer readable medium (CRM) in communication with said MRI; said CRM having instructions thereon for executing a method comprising steps of: analyzing said sequence of said CIn; and tagging thereby KM images CIkM of at least one movement M of said object; for each of said movement M, determining the following using said tagged images CIkM: (a) two of the following: the movement starting time TMS, the movement ending time TME, and time length of said movement TM; and (b) the movement spatial image orientation parameter PMS at the beginning of the movement; wherein for each said M, whose TM is shorter from a predetermined time length PT, said instructions are additionally adapted for acquiring a sequence of KM MRI consecutive images NCIkM starting at said PMS; and ending after said TM; replacing said CIkM with said NCIkM, then replacing said sequence CIn the images that correspond in location to CIkM with its respective CIkM image; and repeating steps (i)-(iv) until no more movements whose TM is shorter from said PT can be detected.
It is another object of the current invention to disclose an MRI system imaging a movable object as defined above, wherein said MRI system additionally comprising a non-MRI motion detectors.
It is another object of the current invention to disclose an MRI system imaging a movable object as defined in any of the above, wherein the non-MRI motion detectors are selected from a group consisting of or otherwise comprising: passive infrared sensors; detectors which senses body heat; mechanical detector; electronic detectors; optical detectors; acoustical detectors; sound detectors (acoustic sensors); opacity detectors (optical and infrared sensors and video image processors); geomagnetism detectors (magnetic sensors, magnetometers); reflection of transmitted energy detectors (infrared laser radar, ultrasonic sensors, and microwave radar sensors); electromagnetic induction detectors (inductive-loop detectors); vibration detectors (triboelectric, seismic, and inertia-switch sensors); and any combination thereof.
It is another object of the current invention to disclose an MRI system imaging a movable object as defined in any of the above, wherein said parameter is selected from a group consisting of: angel of image with respect to the object, spatial coordinates of the area of the image, location of MRI components and a combination thereof.
It is another object of the current invention to disclose an MRI system imaging a movable object as defined in any of the above, wherein said object is selected from a group consisting of: adult person, person under anesthesia, infant, premature baby, animal and a combination thereof.
It is another object of the current invention to disclose an MRI system imaging a movable object as defined in any of the above, wherein said at least one of said movement M is characterized by extent of said movement.
It is another object of the current invention to disclose an MRI system imaging a movable object as defined in any of the above, wherein said instruction are additionally for performing Fourier transformation on said consecutive image to momentum space (K-space) prior to said analysis.
It is another object of the current invention to disclose an MRI system imaging a movable object as defined in any of the above, wherein said analysis is performed on images in K-space.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In order to understand the invention and to see how it may be implemented in practice, a few preferred embodiments will now be described, by way of non-limiting example only, with reference to be accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates a first method for reducing the effect of object movements along MRI imaging using an MRI-based motion detector;
FIG. 2 illustrates a second method for reducing the effect of object movements along MRI imaging using a NON-MRI-based motion detector;
FIG. 3A illustrates in an out-of-scale manner a first system for reducing the effect of object movements along MRI imaging; the system comprises an MRI-based motion detector; and
FIG. 3B illustrates in an out-of-scale manner a second system for reducing the effect of object movements along MRI imaging the system comprises a NON-MRI motion detector.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The following description is provided so as to enable any person skilled in the art to make use of the invention and sets forth examples contemplated by the inventor of carrying out this invention. Various modifications, however, will remain apparent to those skilled in the art, since the generic principles of the present invention have been defined specifically. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, a first method for reducing the effect of object movements along MRI imaging is disclosed. Reference is now made to FIG. 1, presenting an embodiment, which is based on an MRI motion detector (See step 13A), of such a method which inter alia comprises the following steps: (a) acquiring a sequence of N MRI consecutive images CIn of an object (11); (b) storing on a computer readable medium (CRM) for each of said CIn (12): at least one parameter p indicating spatial image orientation at which said image was taken; (c) analyzing (13A) said sequence of said CIn for detection of said object movement; and tagging (13B) thereby KM images CIkM of at least one movement M of said object; (d) for each of said movement M, determining (14) the following using said tagged images CIkM—two of the following: the movement starting time TMS, the movement ending time TME, and time length (15) of said movement TM; the movement spatial image orientation parameter (16) PMS at the beginning of the movement, wherein said method additionally comprising for each said M, whose TM is shorter from a predetermined time length PT, steps of (e) acquiring a sequence of KM MRI consecutive images NCIkM (17) starting at said PMS; and ending after said TM; (f) replacing said CIkM with said NCIkM, then replacing said sequence CIn the images that correspond in location to CIkM with its respective CIkM image; (g) repeating steps (c)-(f) (19) until no more movements whose TM is shorter than said PT can be detected; thereby, producing an image sequence with reduced object-movement in MRI imaging (18).
According to another embodiment of the present invention, a first method for reducing the effect of object movements along MRI imaging is disclosed. Reference is now made to FIG. 2, presenting an embodiment, based on a NON-MRI motion detector (See step 20), of such a method which inter alia comprises the following steps: (a) acquiring (11) a sequence of N MRI consecutive images CIn of an object; (b) storing on a computer readable medium (CRM) for each of said CIn: at least one parameter p indicating spatial image orientation at which said image was taken; by means of one or more non-MRI motion detectors, (c) analyzing (20) motion of said object and tagging (13B) thereby KM images CIkM of at least one movement M of said object; (d) for each of said movement M, determining (14) the following using said tagged images CIkM: two of the following: the movement starting time TMS, the movement ending time TME, and time length (15) of said movement TM; the movement spatial image orientation parameter PMS (16) at the beginning of the movement, wherein said method additionally comprising for each said M, whose TM is shorter from a predetermined time length PT, steps of (e) acquiring (17) a sequence of KM MRI consecutive images NCIkM starting at said PMS; and ending after said TM; (f) replacing said CIkM with said NCIkM, then replacing said sequence CIn the images that correspond in location to CIkM with its respective CIkM image; (g) repeating (19) steps (c)-(f) until no more movements whose TM is shorter than said PT can be detected; thereby, producing (18) an image sequence with reduced object-movement in MRI imaging.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, a first MRI imaging system, adapted for reducing the effect of object movements along MRI imaging is disclosed. Reference is now made to FIG. 3A, presenting an embodiment of MRI imaging system (100), having an MRI-based motion detector, of such a system which inter alia comprises the following modules: an MRI device (2) adapted to take a sequence of N MRI consecutive images CIn of an object (1); each of said images is characterized by at least one parameter p indicating spatial image orientation at which said image was taken; a computer readable medium (CRM, 3) in communication (3A) with said MRI; said CRM having instructions thereon for executing a method comprising steps of: (i) analyzing said sequence of said CIn; and tagging thereby KM images CIkM of at least one movement M of said object; (ii) for each of said movement M, determining the following using said tagged images CIkM: (a) two of the following: the movement starting time TMS, the movement ending time TME, and time length of said movement TM; and (b) the movement spatial image orientation parameter PMS at the beginning of the movement; wherein for each said M, whose TM is shorter from a predetermined time length PT, said instructions are additionally adapted for (iii) acquiring a sequence of KM MRI consecutive images NCIkM starting at said PMS; and ending after said TM; (iv) replacing said CIkM with said NCIkM, then replacing said sequence CIn the images that correspond in location to CIkM with its respective CIkM image; and repeating steps (i)-(iv) until no more movements whose TM is shorter from said PT can be detected.
According to yet another embodiment of the present invention, a second MRI imaging system (101), adapted for reducing the effect of object movements along MRI imaging is disclosed. Reference is now made to FIG. 3B, presenting an embodiment of MRI imaging system (101), having a NON-MRI-based motion detector (See 4), of such a system which inter alia comprises the following modules: an MRI device (2) adapted to take a sequence of N MRI consecutive images CIn of an object (1); each of said images is characterized by at least one parameter p indicating spatial image orientation at which said image was taken; a computer readable medium (CRM, 3) in communication (3A) with said MRL MRI system 101 further comprises one or more NON-MRI motion detector (4) in communication (3B) with said CRM (3). CRM (3) having instructions thereon for executing a method comprising steps of: (f) analyzing said sequence of said CIn; and tagging thereby KM images CIkM of at least one movement M of said object; (ii) for each of said movement M, determining the following using said tagged images CIkM: (a) two of the following: the movement starting time TMS, the movement ending time TME, and time length of said movement TM; and (b) the movement spatial image orientation parameter PMS at the beginning of the movement; wherein for each said M, whose TM is shorter from a predetermined time length PT, said instructions are additionally adapted for (iii) acquiring a sequence of KM MRI consecutive images NCIkM starting at said PMS; and ending after said TM; (iv) replacing said CIkM with said NCIkM, then replacing said sequence CIn the images that correspond in location to CIkM with its respective CIkM image; and repeating steps (i)-(iv) until no more movements whose TM is shorter from said PT can be detected.
The MRI devices and methods as disclosed in any of the above are all targeted for avoiding or eliminating or otherwise reducing motion artifacts. These devises and methods are set useful for producing an image sequence characterized by reduced object-movement affect are all adapted to image uncontrollably movable objects, such as neonates, premature babies and laboratory animals; and especially to image motion-artifacts free images in relevant medical or research cases were restrain of the object is to be avoided (e.g., neonates clinical examination) or impossible (e.g., lab animals imaging for research).

## Claims

1. A method for reducing the effect of object movements along magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the method comprising steps of:
during MRI imaging of an object:
a. acquiring a sequence, CI, of N consecutive MRI images where N is greater than 1, CIn, of the object;
b. for each of the N consecutive MRI images CIn, storing on a computer readable medium (CRM) at least one parameter, p, indicating a spatial image orientation at which a respective MRI image of the N consecutive MRI images said image was taken;
c. detecting movement of the object with one or more non-MRI motion detectors, and for each detected movement M analyzing the sequence CI to find a corresponding sequence CIM of KM images, CIkM, that were taken during said movement M;
d. for each detected movement M, determining a starting time TMS of said movement, an ending time TME of said movement, a time length TM of said movement, and a movement spatial image orientation parameter PMS at the beginning the movement;
e. for each detected movement M, whose TM is shorter than a predetermined time length PT:
(i) acquiring a new sequence, NCIkM, of KM consecutive MRI images, NCIkM, starting at said PMS and
(ii) replacing said sequence CIkM with said NCIkM;
f. repeating steps (c)-(e) until no more movements whose TM is shorter than said PT can be detected to produce an image sequence with reduced object-movement.

2. The method according to claim 1, additionally comprising a step of selecting said non-MRI motion detectors from a group consisting of passive infrared sensors; detectors which sense body heat; mechanical detector; electronic detectors; optical detectors; acoustical detectors; sound detectors (acoustic sensors); opacity detectors (optical and infrared sensors and video image processors); geomagnetism detectors (magnetic sensors, magnetometers); reflection of transmitted energy detectors (infrared laser radar, ultrasonic sensors, and microwave radar sensors); electromagnetic induction detectors (inductive-loop detectors); vibration detectors (triboelectric, seismic, and inertia-switch sensors); and any combination thereof.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein said parameter p is selected from a group consisting of: angle of the image with respect to the object, spatial coordinates of the area of the image, location of MRI components and a combination thereof.

4. The method according to claim 1, additionally comprising a step of selecting said object from a group consisting of: adult person, person under anesthesia, infant, premature baby, animal and a combination thereof.

5. The method according to claim 1, additionally comprising a step of characterizing at least one of said movement M by the extent of said movement.

6. The method according to claim 1, additionally comprising an image processing step prior to step (c); wherein said processing step comprising performing Fourier transformation on said consecutive images CIn to momentum space (K-space).

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein said analyzing is performed on images in K-space.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein said object is selected from a group consisting of neonates, premature babies and laboratory animals.

9. The method according to claim 1, free of a step of restraining said object whilst imaging.

10. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system imaging a movable object comprising:
a. an MRI device adapted to take a sequence, CI, of N consecutive MRI images where N is greater than 1, CIn, of an object;
b. each of the N consecutive MRI images is characterized by at least one parameter p indicating a spatial image orientation at which a respective MRI image of the N consecutive MRI images was taken;
c. a computer readable medium (CRM) in communication with said MRI device; said CRM having instructions thereon for executing a method comprising steps of:
during MRI imaging of the object:
i. detecting movement of the object with one or more non-MRI motion detectors, and, for each detected movement M analyzing the sequence to find a corresponding sequence CIM of KM images, CIkM, in which said movement M is detected,
ii. for each detected movement M, determining a starting time TMS of said movement, an ending time TME of said movement, a time length TM of said movement, and a movement spatial image orientation parameter PMS at the beginning the movement,
iii. for each said M, whose TM is shorter than a predetermined time length PT:
(a) acquiring a new sequence, NCIkM, of KM consecutive MRI images, NCIkM, starting at said PMS, and
(b) replacing said sequence CIkM with said NCIkM;

iv. repeating steps (i)-(iii) until no more movements whose TM is shorter from said PT can be detected to produce an image sequence with reduced object-movement.

11. The MRI system according to claim 10, wherein said MRI system additionally comprises a non-MRI motion detector.

12. The MRI system according to claim 11, wherein said non-MRI motion detectors are selected from a group consisting of: passive infrared sensors; detectors which sense body heat; mechanical detector; electronic detectors; optical detectors; acoustical detectors; sound detectors (acoustic sensors); opacity detectors (optical and infrared sensors and video image processors); geomagnetism detectors (magnetic sensors, magnetometers); reflection of transmitted energy detectors (infrared laser radar, ultrasonic sensors, and microwave radar sensors); electromagnetic induction detectors (inductive-loop detectors); vibration detectors (triboelectric, seismic, and inertia-switch sensors); and any combination thereof.

13. The system according to claim 10, wherein said parameter p is selected from a group consisting of: angle of the image with respect to the object, spatial coordinates of the area of the image, location of MRI components and a combination thereof.

14. The system according to claim 10, wherein said object is selected from a group consisting of: adult person, person under anesthesia, infant, premature baby, animal and a combination thereof.

15. The system according to claim 10, wherein at least one of said detected movements is characterized by extent of said movement.

16. The system according to claim 10, wherein said instruction are additionally for performing Fourier transformation on said consecutive images CIn to momentum space (K-space) prior to said analysis.

17. The system according to claim 16, wherein said analysis is performed on images in K-space.

18. The system according to claim 10, wherein said object is selected from a group consisting of neonates, premature babies and laboratory animals.

19. The system according to claim 10, wherein said object is not restrained along the imaging.