NOT FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

 FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

MARI MALLOY, 

Plaintiff-Appellant,

 v.

CAROLYN W. COLVIN, Acting

Commissioner of Social Security, 

Defendant-Appellee.

No. 14-35400

D.C. No. 2:13-cv-01488-BAT

MEMORANDUM*

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Western District of Washington

Brian Tsuchida, Magistrate Judge, Presiding

Submitted October 3, 2016** 

Seattle, Washington

Before: W. FLETCHER, GOULD, and N.R. SMITH, Circuit Judges.

Mari Malloy appeals the district court’s judgment affirming the

Commissioner of Social Security’s denial of her application for disability benefits

FILED

OCT 27 2016

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent

except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision

without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
under Title II of the Social Security Act. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. §

1291, and affirm.

1. The administrative law judge (ALJ) denied Malloy’s request for a

consultative evaluation and found Malloy not disabled. The ALJ found that

Malloy did not have a severe mental health impairment and determined Malloy’s

residual functional capacity (RFC) to be such that she could perform light work

without concentrated exposure to heights or hazards. The ALJ found Malloy to be

not credible, and gave minimal weight to lay witness testimony of Malloy’s

husband, sister, daughter, and friend. The ALJ relied on a vocational expert’s

testimony that there were jobs in the national economy that one could perform with

the described RFC, as well as an RFC of sedentary work limited to occasional

posturing and no use of ladders, rope, or scaffolding, and avoiding concentrated

exposure to heights or hazards. 

2. Malloy argues that the ALJ had to provide a consultative

psychological evaluation. “[T]he ALJ has a special duty to fully and fairly develop

the record and to assure that the claimant’s interests are considered.” Brown v.

Heckler, 713 F.2d 441, 443 (9th Cir. 1983). But the “duty to conduct an

appropriate inquiry” is triggered “when there is ambiguous evidence or when the

record is inadequate to allow for proper evaluation of the evidence.” McLeod v.

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Astrue, 640 F.3d 881, 885 (9th Cir. 2011). Here, the record was neither ambiguous

nor inadequate to permit the ALJ to make a proper evaluation, and indeed

contained the results of two psychological evaluations performed after the date last

insured.

3. Malloy argues that the ALJ erred in giving only limited weight to the

lay witnesses’ statements of her relatives and a friend. Generally, “an ALJ must

consider lay witness testimony concerning a claimant’s ability to work.” Stout v.

Comm’r, Soc. Sec. Admin., 454 F.3d 1050, 1053 (9th Cir. 2006); see also 20 C.F.R.

§ 404.1513(d)(4). But an “ALJ may expressly disregard lay testimony if the ALJ

‘gives reasons germane to each witness for doing so.’” Turner v. Comm’r, Soc.

Sec. Admin, 613 F.3d 1217, 1224 (9th Cir. 2010). The ALJ gave germane reasons

for giving little weight to the lay witness statements, including inconsistency with

the medical record and with Malloy’s reported activities. Substantial evidence

supports these reasons.

4. Malloy challenges the ALJ’s determination that she was not credible. 

“For the ALJ to reject the claimant’s complaints, she must provide ‘specific,

cogent reasons for the disbelief.’” Lester v. Chater, 81 F.3d 821, 834 (9th Cir.

1995) (quoting Rashad v. Sullivan, 903 F.2d 1229, 1231 (9th Cir. 1990)). Absent

evidence of malingering, “the Commissioner’s reasons for rejecting the claimant’s

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testimony must be ‘clear and convincing.’” Id. (quoting Swenson v. Sullivan, 876

F.2d 683, 687 (9th Cir. 1989)). But here the ALJ gave specific, cogent reasons for

disbelieving Malloy’s testimony on the severity, persistence, and limiting effects

of her symptoms, such as inconsistencies with the medical records and her reported

activities. See Thomas v. Barnhart, 278 F.3d 947, 958–59 (9th Cir. 2002). The

ALJ could reasonably find Malloy not credible.

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5. Malloy asserts that it was error for the ALJ to reject her claim at step

two of the five-step disability determination sequence, that her mental health

limitations constituted a severe impairment. “[An] impairment must result from

anatomical, physiological, or psychological abnormalities which can be shown by

medically acceptable clinical and laboratory diagnostic techniques. A physical or

mental impairment must be established by medical evidence consisting of signs,

symptoms, and laboratory findings, not only by [the claimant’s] statement of

symptoms.” 20 C.F.R. § 404.1508 (emphasis added). The record showed

“minimal and inconsistent treatment” for any psychological symptoms Malloy may

have experienced. We do not take on the role of the ALJ, in weighing disputed

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 The district court held that an ALJ statement that Malloy had engaged in

drug-seeking behavior was not supported by substantial evidence. We agree, but

because the ALJ gave other specific, cogent reasons for finding Malloy not

credible, this error was inconsequential. Tommasetti v. Astrue, 533 F.3d 1035,

1038 (9th Cir. 2008).

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evidence. See Molina v. Astrue, 674 F.3d 1104, 1111 (9th Cir. 2012). Substantial

evidence supports the ALJ’s step-two finding.

6. Malloy also contends that the ALJ erred in finding that Malloy could

perform light work so long as she avoided concentrated exposure to heights and

hazards. She contends the ALJ erred in rejecting the conclusions of two nonexamining consultants that Malloy was limited to sedentary work. The ALJ 

explained that the medical evidence contradicted the consultants’ conclusions,

citing findings that Malloy’s lumbar and cervical spine displayed only mild

degenerative changes, as well as Malloy’s consistent presentation of normal arm

strength, leg functioning, gait, range of extremity and neck motion, and motor and

sensory function. It was not error to disregard the conclusions upon which Malloy

relies based on this contradictory objective evidence. Batson v. Comm’r, Soc. Sec.

Admin., 359 F.3d 1190, 1195 (9th Cir. 2004). And even if Malloy was limited to

sedentary work, the vocational expert identified two jobs for which Malloy is

qualified and could perform.

7. Malloy contends that the ALJ improperly disregarded her claimed

nonexertional limitations, such as pain and cognitive issues. But that evidence was

based on her reporting. The ALJ properly found Malloy was not credible, and so

did not err in rejecting her claims of nonexertional limitations.

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8. Malloy’s other arguments are without merit. 

AFFIRMED.

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