# Patent

## Title
Image forming apparatus

## Abstract

An image forming apparatus includes an image forming device including an image holding member; an intermediate transfer belt to whose outer surface a developer image formed on the image holding member of the image forming device is transferred, and that holds the developer image; a cleaning device that includes a plate member, and that performs a cleaning operation; and a collecting member that is disposed in contact with an outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt, and that removes and holds a resin particle existing at the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt as a result of causing a speed of the intermediate transfer belt and a speed of the collecting member to differ from each other.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is based on and claims priority under 35 USC 119 from Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-166349 filed Jul. 29, 2011.
BACKGROUND
(i) Technical Field
The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus.
(ii) Related Art
Among image forming apparatuses, such as facsimiles, copying machines, and printers, that form images using developers, there are those that use an intermediate transfer system in which, after a developer image developed using a developer is formed on an image holding member such as a photoconductor member, the developer image is temporarily transferred to an outer peripheral surface of an intermediate transfer belt that rotates, and, then, the temporarily transferred developer image is second-transferred to a recording material such as recording paper. In general, image forming apparatuses using the intermediate transfer system include a cleaning device that removes and cleans off undesired substances, such as developers, remaining on the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt after the second transfer by bringing a plate member, such as a blade, into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt after the second transfer.
SUMMARY
According to an aspect (A1) of the invention, there is provided an image forming apparatus including an image forming device including an image holding member, a developer image developed with a developer being formed on the image holding member; an intermediate transfer belt to whose outer surface the developer image formed on the image holding member of the image forming device is transferred, and that holds the developer image, after which the intermediate transfer belt rotates so as to transport the developer image up to a second transfer section where the developer image is transferred to a recording material, the intermediate transfer belt including a belt base material in which a resin particle formed of polytetrafluoroethylene is dispersed; a cleaning device including a plate member, the cleaning device performing a cleaning operation by at least contacting the plate member with a portion of an outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt that has passed the second transfer section; and a collecting member that is disposed in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt, the collecting member removing and holding the resin particle existing at the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt as a result of causing a speed of the intermediate transfer belt and a speed of the collecting member to differ from each other.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail based on the following figures, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an image forming apparatus according to a first exemplary embodiment, etc.;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of principal portions (collecting device, belt cleaning device, etc.) of the image forming apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a structure of an intermediate transfer belt used in the image forming apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the steps of a collecting operation of the collecting device;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of, for example, a state of the collecting operation of the collecting device;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of, for example, a state of the belt cleaning device after the collecting operation by the collecting device;
FIG. 7 is a flowchart of the steps of an ejecting operation in the collecting device;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing a state in which the collecting device is performing ejection and a state of the belt cleaning device;
FIG. 9A is a schematic view of a state of PTFE resin particles existing at an outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt at least when the intermediate transfer belt; and
FIG. 9B is a schematic view of, for example, a state in which the PTFE resin particles in FIG. 9A are gathered and stopped at a cleaning plate of the belt cleaning device.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will hereunder be described with reference to the drawings.
First Exemplary Embodiment
FIGS. 1 and 2 each show an image forming apparatus 1 according to a first exemplary embodiment. FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the image forming apparatus 1. FIG. 2 shows principal portions (collecting device, etc.) in the image forming apparatus 1.
The image forming apparatus 1 is, for example, a color printer. The image forming apparatus 1 includes, for example, image forming devices 20, an intermediate transfer device 30, a sheet feeding device 40, and a fixing device 45 in an internal space of a housing 10. The image forming devices 20 form toner images that are developed using toner (fine powder that is, for example, colored) of a developer by using a publicly known image recording system (such as an electrophotographic system or an electrostatic recording system). The intermediate transfer device 30 holds the toner images formed at the corresponding image forming devices 20 to finally second-transfer the toner images to pieces of recording paper 9 serving as recording materials. The sheet feeding device 40 holds and transports the pieces of recording paper 9 to be supplied to a second transfer section of the intermediate transfer device 30. The pieces of recording paper 9 to which the toner images have been transferred at the intermediate transfer device 30 pass through the fixing device 45, so that the fixing device 45 fixes the toner images to the pieces of recording paper 9. At the housing 10, a supporting structural portion and an external portion are formed by, for example, a supporting member and an external cover. An alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 1 indicates a transport path along which the pieces of recording paper 9 are primarily transported in the housing 10.
The image forming devices 20 include four image forming devices 20Y, 20M, 20C, and 20K that specially form toner images of four colors (yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C), and black (K)), respectively. The four image forming devices 20Y, 20M, 20C, and 20K are disposed in series in the internal space of the housing 10. The image forming devices 20Y, 20M, 20C, and 20K have substantially the same structure as described below.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, each of the image forming devices 20Y, 20M, 20C, and 20K includes a photoconductor drum 21 that rotates. Each of the following devices is principally disposed around the corresponding photoconductor drum 21. The principal devices are, for example, charging devices 22, exposing devices 23, developing devices 24Y, 24M, 24C, and 24K, first transfer devices 25, drum cleaning devices 26, and electricity removing devices 27. The charging devices 22 charge image holding surfaces (outer peripheral surfaces) of the corresponding photoconductor drums 21 on which images are capable of being formed to predetermined potentials. The exposing devices 23 irradiate the charged outer peripheral surfaces of the photoconductor drums 21 with light based on image information (signal) to form electrostatic latent images (of corresponding colors) having potential differences. The developing devices 24Y, 24M, 24C, and 24K form toner images (serving as visible images) by developing the electrostatic latent images with toners, which are developers, of the corresponding colors (Y, M, C, and K). The first transfer devices 25 transfer the corresponding toner images to an intermediate transfer belt 31 of the intermediate transfer device 30. The drum cleaning devices 26 remove and clean off extraneous matter, such as toner, remaining on and adhered to the image holding surfaces of the corresponding photoconductor drums 21 after the transfer operations. The electricity removing devices 27 remove electricity from the image holding surfaces of the cleaned photoconductor drums 21.
Each photoconductor drum 21 has the image holding surface including a photoconductive layer (photosensitive layer) at a peripheral surface of a cylindrical or a columnar base material that is connected to ground. Each photoconductor layer is formed of a photosensitive material. Each photoconductor drum 21 receives power from a rotational driving device (not shown), and rotates in the direction of an arrow. Each of the charging devices 22 is a contact charging device including a contact member (such as a charging roller) that is disposed in contact with the image holding surface of the corresponding photoconductor drum 21 and to which a charging bias is supplied, or a contactless charging device that charges the image holding surface of the corresponding photoconductor drum 21 by corona discharge as a result of applying a charging current to a discharge wire disposed at a predetermined distance from the image holding surface of the corresponding photoconductor drum 21. In the first exemplary embodiment, for example, a contactless charging device is used at the black image forming device 20K, whereas contact charging devices are used at the image forming devices 20Y, 20M, and 20C of the remaining colors. When the developing devices 24 are those that perform reversal development, as the charging bias, a voltage or a current having a polarity that is the same as a charging polarity of the toner supplied from the developing devices 24 is supplied.
Each exposing device 23 forms an electrostatic latent image by irradiating the image holding surface of the charged photoconductor drum 21 with light (indicated by a dotted line with an arrow) provided in accordance with the image information input to the image forming apparatus 1. Although, the exposing devices 23 may be a scanning type that is formed using optical components such as semiconductor lasers and polygonal mirrors, they may also be a non-scanning type that is formed using, for example, light-emitting diodes and optical components. Image signals of corresponding color components are transmitted to the exposure devices 23. The image signals are obtained after image processing at an image processing device that is performed on information of print images input to the image forming apparatus 1. An image reading device, an information terminal such as a personal computer, or an image information device (not shown) such as a storage medium read/write device is connectable to the image forming apparatus 1 through a connecting communication section. The image information is input to the image forming apparatus 1 from the image information device.
The developing devices 24Y, 24M, 24C, and 24K use, for example, a two-component developer containing nonmagnetic toner and magnetic carriers. In each of the developing devices 24Y, 24M, 24C, and 24K, after stirring the two-component developer contained in a container housing, a portion of the developer is held by a corresponding developing roller 24a that rotates, and is transported to a development area that is close to and opposes the corresponding photoconductor drum 21. In each of the developing devices 24Y, 24M, 24C, and 24K, a development bias is applied to the corresponding developing roller 24a from a development power supply (not shown). The developing devices 24 are replenished with corresponding developers by developer replenishing systems (not shown). The two-component developer is frictionally charged to a predetermined polarity (a negative polarity in the exemplary embodiment) when the toner rubs against the carriers as a result of transporting the toner while stirring the toner in the container housing.
The first transfer devices 25 are contact transfer devices, each including a first transfer roller that rotates while contacting the image holding surface of the corresponding photoconductor drum 21 and to which a first transfer bias is applied. As the first transfer bias, for example, a direct-current voltage having a polarity that is opposite to a charging polarity of the toner is applied from a transfer power supply. The first transfer devices 25 may be handled as constituting the intermediate transfer device 30. The drum cleaning devices 26 each include, for example, an elastic plate formed of rubber that contacts and cleans the outer peripheral surface of the corresponding photoconductor drum 21.
As shown in FIG. 1, the intermediate transfer device 30 is disposed so as to exist below the image forming devices 20Y, 20M, 20C, and 20K. The intermediate transfer device 30 primarily includes the intermediate transfer belt 31, supporting rollers 32a to 32f, a second transfer device 35, and a belt cleaning device 36. The intermediate transfer belt 31 rotates in the directions of arrows while passing first transfer positions that are situated between the photoconductor drums 21 and the corresponding first transfer devices 25 (first transfer rollers). The supporting rollers 32a to 32f rotatably support the intermediate transfer belt 31 while holding it at a predetermined state from the inner surface of the intermediate transfer belt 31. The second transfer device 35 rotates while contacting with a predetermined pressure an outer peripheral surface (image holding surface) of the intermediate transfer belt 31 that is supported by the supporting roller 32e. The belt cleaning device 36 removes and cleans off extraneous matter, such as toner or paper powder, remaining on and adhered to the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt 31 after the intermediate transfer belt 31 has passed the second transfer device 35.
As shown in FIG. 3, the intermediate transfer belt 31 is an endless belt in which resin particles 4 formed of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) are dispersed in a belt base material 310 for the purpose of providing separability with respect to the toner images (that is, for reducing adhesive force with respect to the toner images). The belt base material 310 is formed by dispersing a resistance regulating agent, such as carbon, in synthetic resin, such as polyimide resin or polyamide resin. In the intermediate transfer belt 31, the resin particles 4 formed of PTFE are dispersed so as to exist at least in a surface layer 312 of the belt base material 310 (the resin particles exist in a state exemplified by reference numerals 4a in FIG. 3). The resin particles 4 formed of PTFE have average particle diameters on the order of from 200 to 250 nm. The average particle diameters of the resin particles 4 are less than the average particle diameters (such as 6 μm) of the toner particles of the developers used in the exemplary embodiment. Such an intermediate transfer belt 31 is manufactured by forming, for example, a surface layer on an outer surface of the belt base material 310, with the resin particles 4 formed of PTFE being dispersed at the surface layer. The surface layer is formed by providing a polyamic acid solution (serving as a layer forming material), applying the layer forming material to the outer surface of the belt base material 310, and drying the applied film. For example, carbon black and the resin particles 4 formed of PTFE are dispersed in the polyamic acid solution. The layer forming material (formed of the polyamic acid solution) may be, for example, a mixture of a polyamic acid solution in which carbon black is dispersed and a polyamic acid solution in which fluorocarbon resin is dispersed. The supporting roller 32a is a driving roller, and the supporting roller 32c is a tension applying roller.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the second transfer device 35 is a belt system in which an endless second transfer belt 351 is wound around the supporting rollers 352 and 353 and is supported thereby so as to rotate in the directions of arrows. The supporting roller 352 faces the supporting roller 32e with the intermediate transfer belt 31 and the second transfer belt 351 being disposed between the supporting roller 352 and the supporting roller 32e. The supporting roller 353 is separated from a portion of the intermediate transfer belt 31 that has passed the second transfer device 35. Of the supporting rollers 352 and 353, the supporting roller 352 is a driving roller. The supporting roller 352 receives power from a rotational driving device 37 and is rotationally driven at a predetermined rotational speed, to rotate the second transfer belt 351 at a predetermined rotational speed. A second transfer bias is supplied from a transfer power supply (not shown) to the supporting roller 32e for the intermediate transfer belt 31 or the supporting roller 352 for the second transfer device 35. As the second transfer bias, for example, a direct-current voltage having a polarity that is the same as (or opposite to) the charging polarity of the toner is supplied.
As shown in FIG. 2, the belt cleaning device 36 includes, for example, a body 360, a cleaning plate (cleaning blade) 361, a rotating brush 362, and a sending-out member 363. The body 360 is a container having an opening in a portion thereof. The cleaning plate 361 removes extraneous matter, such as residual toner, by contacting the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt 31 that has passed a second transfer position. The rotating brush 362 contacts and cleans the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt 31 at a location that is upstream from the cleaning plate 361 in the direction of rotation of the belt. The sending-out member 363, such as a screw auger, that is driven so that extraneous matter (such as toner) removed by the cleaning plate 361 is collected and sent out to a collecting system (not shown). As the cleaning plate 361, a plate member formed of, for example, urethane rubber is used.
The sheet feeding device 40 is disposed so as to exist below the intermediate transfer device 30. The sheet feeding device 40 primarily includes a sheet holding member (or sheet holding members 41) and a sending-out device 42. The sheet holding member 41 is mounted so that it is capable of being drawn out towards a front side (that is, a side surface that an operator faces when the operator uses the sheet feeding device 40) of the housing 1, and holds the pieces of recording paper 9 of, for example, a predetermined size and a predetermined type while the pieces of recording paper 9 are stacked upon each other. The sending-out device 42 sends out the pieces of recording paper 9 one at a time from the sheet holding member 41. The pieces of recording paper 9 sent out from the sheet feeding device 40 are transported to the second transfer position of the intermediate transfer device 30 (situated between the intermediate transfer belt 31 and the second transfer belt 351 of the second transfer device 35) through a transport path formed by a transport guide member and, for example, pairs of sheet transporting rollers 43a, 43b, and 43c. A transporting device 44 that transports the pieces of recording paper 9 after the second transfer to the fixing device 45 is set between the second transfer device 35 and the fixing device 45. For example, a suction-type belt transporting device is used as the transporting device 44.
The fixing device 45 includes a heating rotating member 47 and a pressing rotating member 48, which are set in the interior of a housing 46. The heating rotating member 47 rotates in the direction of an arrow, and is heated by a heating unit so that its surface temperature is maintained at a predetermined temperature. The pressing rotating member 48 contacts the heating rotating member 47 at a predetermined pressure substantially along an axial direction of the heating rotating member 47, and is driven and rotated. The pieces of recording paper 9 on which the toner images have been fixed by the fixing device 45 are transported to and held by a discharge section through a discharge transport path formed by pairs of transporting rollers and a transport guide member. The discharge section is set at, for example, the housing 10.
A basic image forming operation (printing operation) by the image forming apparatus 1 is performed as follows. Here, an image forming operation pattern (full-color mode) for forming a full-color image formed by combining toner images of four colors (Y, M, C, K) formed by using all four image forming devices 20Y, 20M, 20C, and 20K is described.
When there is a request for an image forming operation (printing operation) from, for example, the image information device, in the four image forming devices 20Y, 20M, 20C, and 20K, first, the photoconductor drums 21 rotate in the directions of the arrows, and the charging devices 22 charge the image holding surfaces of the corresponding photoconductor drums 21 to a predetermined polarity (a negative polarity in the exemplary embodiment) and a predetermined potential. Then, the exposing devices 23 perform exposure by irradiating the surfaces of the corresponding charged photoconductor drums 21 with light emitted on the basis of image data divided into pieces of image data corresponding to the color components (Y, M, C, and K) and transmitted from an image processing device. This causes electrostatic latent images of the corresponding color components, formed by predetermined potential differences, to be formed.
Next, from the developing rollers 24a, the developing devices 24Y, 24M, 24C, and 24K supply toners of the corresponding colors (Y, M, C, and K) charged to a predetermined polarity (negative polarity) to the electrostatic latent images of the corresponding colors formed on the photoconductor drums 21, so that the toners electrostatically adhere to the electrostatic latent images. By performing the development in this way, the electrostatic latent images of the corresponding color components formed on the corresponding photoconductor drums 21 are developed by the toners of the corresponding colors, and made visible as toner images of the four colors (Y, M, C, and K). Next, the toner images of the corresponding colors formed on the photoconductor drums 21 of the corresponding image forming devices 20Y, 20M, 20C, and 20K are first-transferred by the first transfer device 25 so as to placed upon each other in turn on the intermediate transfer belt 31 of the intermediate transfer device 30. The drum cleaning devices 26 remove and clean off extraneous matter, such as toner, remaining on the outer peripheral surfaces of the photoconductor drums 21 after the first transfer in the corresponding image forming devices 20. Then, the electricity removing devices 27 remove electricity of the cleaned outer peripheral surfaces.
The intermediate transfer device 30 holds the toner images first-transferred to the intermediate transfer belt 31, and transports the toner images to the second transfer position where the intermediate transfer belt 31 contacts and opposes (the second transfer belt 351 of) the second transfer device 35. Then, at the second transfer position, the toner images on the intermediate transfer belt 31 are second-transferred together to a sheet 9 that is transported and sent from the sheet feeding device 40. In the exemplary embodiment, since, as mentioned above, the intermediate transfer belt 31 is a belt in which PTFE resin particles are dispersed, the toner images are properly separated from the intermediate transfer belt and are transferred to the sheet in the second transfer, as a result of which a relatively high second transfer rate is obtained. The belt cleaning device 36 removes and cleans off extraneous matter, such as toner, remaining at the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt 31 after the second transfer.
Next, after the sheet 9 to which the toner images have been second-transferred has been transported to the second transfer belt 351 and separated from the intermediate transfer belt 31, the sheet 9 is transported to the fixing device 45 by the transporting device 44. Then, when the sheet 9 is transported through the fixing device 45 and subjected to fixing operations (using heat and pressure), the toner images are fixed to the sheet 9. When only one side of the sheet 9 after the completion of the fixing operations is to be subjected to an image forming operation, the sheet 9 is discharged to and held by a discharge holding section (not shown) formed at, for example, the housing 10.
By the above-described operations, the sheet 9 on which a full-color image is formed by combining the toner images of the four colors is output.
In the image forming apparatus 1, as mentioned above, the intermediate transfer belt 31 is a belt having the PTFE resin particles 4 dispersed in the interior of the belt base material 310 (that is, at least at the surface layer 312). As exemplified in FIG. 3, some resin particles 4b and 4c may exist at an outer peripheral surface 31a of the intermediate transfer belt 31 at least when the intermediate transfer belt 31 has not been used for a period of time.
The resin particles 4b and 4c existing at the outer peripheral surface 31a of the intermediate transfer belt 31 are such that the resin particles 4b primarily exist in a floating state from the belt base material and the resin particles 4c primarily exist in a partially exposed state to the outside. Although many resin particles 4b and 4c are generated particularly when the intermediate transfer belt 31 is not used (that is, when a first rotating operation is not performed in the image forming apparatus), the resin particles 4b and 4c may be generated, for example, when an image forming operation is not performed for a long time. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 9A, when the intermediate transfer belt 31 is mounted as a portion of the intermediate transfer device 30 to the image forming apparatus 1, and is not used, the PTFE resin particles 4b and 4c exist at the outer peripheral surface 31a of the intermediate transfer belt 31.
At an initial stage in which a first rotational driving operation is performed in the image forming apparatus 1, as shown in FIG. 9B, the resin particles are gathered and stopped in a wedge-shaped space between the belt outer peripheral surface 31a and an end (free end) 361a of the cleaning plate 361 of the belt cleaning device 36 that contacts the belt outer peripheral surface 31a. At this time, the resin particles 4c existing in an exposed state are also gathered by the end 361a of the cleaning plate 361. Reference numeral 4g in FIG. 9B denotes a film formed when, for example, the resin particles 4b that have moved passed the cleaning plate 36 have been spread on the belt outer peripheral surface 31a as described later.
When the resin particles 4b and 4c are first stopped at the end 361a of the cleaning plate 361 of the cleaning device 36 in this way, friction force (coefficient of kinetic friction) of the end 361a of the cleaning plate with respect to the belt outer peripheral surface 31a is reduced, thereby varying a state when the end 361a of the cleaning plate contacts the belt outer peripheral surface 31a. As a result, particularly in, for example, an image forming operation during initial use of the intermediate transfer belt 31, in the cleaning device 36, residual toner remaining after the second transfer passes through a space between the cleaning plate 361 and the belt outer peripheral surface 31a. As a result, it is not possible to properly remove the residual toner from the belt outer peripheral surface 31a. This results in improper cleaning.
Therefore, as shown from, for example, FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, the image forming apparatus 1 is provided with a collecting device 5 that removes and holds the PTFE resin particles 4b and 4c existing at the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt 31 at least when the intermediate transfer belt 31 is not used.
The collecting device 5 includes the second transfer belt 351 (second transfer rotating member 51), a holding brush roller 52, and a power supplying device 55. The second transfer belt 351 in the second transfer device 35 is changeable to a state in which a speed difference occurs between the second transfer belt 351 and the intermediate transfer belt 31. The holding brush roller 52 contacts an outer peripheral surface 351a of the second transfer belt 351, and removes and holds PTFE resin particles 4d adhered to the outer peripheral surface 351a. The power supplying device 55 selects a bias voltage having a different polarity, and supplies the selected bias voltage to both the holding brush roller 52 and (a supporting roller 352 for) the second transfer belt 351.
The second transfer belt 351 is an endless belt formed of, for example, rubber. The supporting roller 352, serving as a driving roller, has an elastic layer formed around a rotary shaft. While the supporting roller 352 supports the second transfer belt 351, the supporting roller 352 rotates in contact at a predetermined pressure with a portion of the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt 31 supported by the supporting roller 32e. The supporting roller 352 receives power of the rotational driving device 37, and rotates at a predetermined speed. In the exemplary embodiment, as the predetermined speed, two types of speeds, a “normal speed S1” applied during an image forming operation and a “lower speed S2” that is lower than the normal speed (S2<S1) are set. The normal speed S1 is approximately equal to the rotational speed of the intermediate transfer belt 31.
The holding brush roller 52 has semiconductive hair (brush layer) 5 formed around a conductive shaft 53. The holding brush roller 52 is set so as to be rotationally driven in contact with the outer peripheral surface 351a of the second transfer belt 351 that rotates. The holding brush roller 52 in the exemplary embodiment is disposed so as to contact a portion of the outer peripheral surface 351a of the second transfer belt 351 supported by the supporting roller 352.
As shown in FIG. 2, the power supplying device 55 includes a direct-current power supplying section 56 having a positive polarity, a direct-current power supplying section 57 having a negative polarity, and a switching section 58 that switches and outputs direct-current voltages having different polarities from the direct-current power supplying sections 56 and 57. The switching section 58 is electrically independently connected with respect to the shaft 53 of the holding brush roller 52 and a shaft of the supporting roller 352 for the second transfer belt 351. Each operation of, for example, the switching section 58 of the power supplying device 55 is, for example, controlled on the basis of a control signal transmitted from a controlling device 15 that controls each operation of the image forming apparatus 1.
For removing the PTFE resin particles 4b and 4c existing at the outer peripheral surface 31a of the intermediate transfer belt 31 by electrostatically attracting the resin particles 4b and 4c to the second transfer belt 351, and for removing the resin particles 4b and 4c adhered to the outer peripheral surface 351a of the second transfer belt 351 by electrostatic attraction so that the holding brush roller 52 holds the resin particles 4b and 4c, the power supplying device 55 supplies a direct-current voltage to both the holding brush roller 52 and the supporting roller 352 for the second transfer belt 351 for a predetermined period. The direct-current voltage has a positive polarity that is opposite to the charging polarity (negative polarity) of the PTFE resin particles. In this case, the PTFE resin particles existing at the outer peripheral surface 31a of the intermediate transfer belt 31 are moved primarily by an electrostatic action up to the holding brush roller 52 through the second transfer belt 351. Therefore, a value (absolute value) of the direct-current voltage having a positive polarity supplied to the holding brush roller 52 is set larger than a value of the direct-current voltage having a positive polarity supplied to the supporting roller 352 for the second transfer belt 351.
For ejecting by electrostatic attraction the PTFE resin particles 4b and 4c attracted to and held by the holding brush roller 52 by electrostatic attraction and temporarily returning the resin particles to the second transfer belt 351, and for returning the resin particles returned and adhered to the outer peripheral surface 351a of the second transfer belt 351 to the outer peripheral surface 31a of the intermediate transfer belt 31, the power supplying device 55 supplies a direct-current voltage having a negative polarity that is the same as the charging polarity of the PTFE particles to both the holding brush roller 52 and the supporting roller 352 for the second transfer belt 351 for a predetermined period. In this case, the PTFE resin particles 4b and 4c held by the holding brush roller 52 are moved primarily by an electrostatic action up to the outer peripheral surface 31a of the intermediate transfer belt 31 through the second transfer belt 351. Therefore, a value (absolute value) of the direct-current voltage having a negative polarity supplied to the holding brush roller 52 is set larger than a value of the direct-current voltage having a negative polarity supplied to the supporting roller 352 for the second transfer belt 351.
A period when the direct-current voltage having a positive polarity is supplied from the power supplying device 55 corresponds to an initial stage in which the intermediate transfer belt 31 is rotated for a first time. For example, this period corresponds to an operation period (such as a setup control period) when the intermediate transfer belt 31 is rotated for the first time by turning on a power supply of the image forming apparatus 1 for the first time. The image forming apparatus 1 may be formed so that, as one controlling operation of the image forming apparatus 1, a controlling operation (collecting mode) for collecting the PTFE resin particles 4b and 4c is executed. Such an initial period when the intermediate transfer belt 31 is rotated for the first time is, in other words, a period in which the intermediate transfer belt 31 rotates when (the toner particles of) the developers are not stopped at the end 361a of the cleaning plate 361 of the belt cleaning device 36.
The supply of the direct-current voltage having a positively polarity is stopped after passage of the initial stage when the intermediate transfer belt 31 is rotated for the first time. The period when the supply of the direct-current voltage is stopped is, for example, a period in which the intermediate transfer belt 31 has completely rotated at least once or two or three times, or a period when (the toner particles of) the developers are expected to be stopped at the end 361a of the cleaning plate 361 of the belt cleaning device 36.
The period when the direct-current voltage having a negative polarity is supplied corresponds to when a cumulative amount of rotation of the intermediate transfer belt 31 has reached a preset threshold value (set value). For example, it is capable of being used when a cumulative value obtained by determining the number of sheets on which images are formed has reached a predetermined threshold value.
Next, the operation of the collecting device 5 will be described.
As shown in FIG. 4, in the image forming apparatus 1, the controlling device 15 determines whether or not the intermediate transfer belt 31 is in a first rotation period (Step 10: ST10). In the exemplary embodiment, the image forming apparatus 1 is set so that this determination is made by detecting whether or not the period when the power supply of the image forming apparatus 1 is turned on for the first time and a setup control operation is executed has arrived. In the setup control operation, for example, the intermediate transfer belt 31 completely rotates approximately 10 times. If the controlling device 15 determines that the intermediate transfer belt 31 is not in the first rotation period in Step S10, subsequent operations of the collecting device 5 are not performed.
If the controlling device 15 determines that the intermediate transfer belt 31 is in the first rotation period in Step S10, the intermediate transfer belt 31 is rotated for the first time by the setup control operation. In accordance with this operation, in Step S11, on the basis of a control command from the controlling device 15, the rotational driving device 37 is driven at a low speed, to rotate the supporting roller 352, and, therefore, the second transfer belt at a low speed; and, on the basis of a control command from the controlling device 15, the power supplying device 55 of the collecting device 5 supplies a direct-current voltage having a positive polarity to the supporting roller 352 for the second transfer belt 351 and to the holding brush roller 52. Here, in the power supplying device 55, the switching section 58 is connected to the direct-current power supplying section 56 having a positive polarity. The power supplying device 55 supplies a bias voltage of a +E1 volt to the supporting roller 352 for the second transfer belt 351. The power supplying device 55 supplies a bias voltage of +E2 (>+E1) to the holding brush roller 52.
Therefore, as shown schematically in FIG. 5, the PTFE resin particles 4b and 4c (see FIG. 3), existing at the outer peripheral surface 31a of the intermediate transfer belt 31 in, for example, a floating state and an exposed state when the intermediate transfer belt 31 is not used, are, first, removed by the second transfer belt 351 and adhere to the belt outer peripheral surface 351a as indicated by a reference numeral 4d in FIG. 5.
More specifically, since the second transfer belt 351 is rotating at the lower speed (S2) that is lower than the rotational speed (S1) of the intermediate transfer belt 31, and a speed difference ΔS (=S1−S2) occurs between the intermediate transfer belt 31 and the second transfer belt 351, the PTFE resin particles 4b and 4c existing at the outer peripheral surface 31a of the intermediate transfer belt 31 are first moved so as to be scraped by the outer peripheral surface 351a of the second transfer belt 351 due to a sliding friction action. Moreover, here, the PTFE resin particles 4b and 4c existing at the outer peripheral surface 31a of the intermediate transfer belt 31 are also subjected to an attraction force by electrostatic attraction by the supporting roller 352 to which the direct-current voltage having a positive polarity (+E1) is supplied, so that the PTFE resin particles 4b and 4c easily move along the outer peripheral surface 351a of the second transfer belt 351.
Next, as shown by a reference numeral 4e in FIG. 5, the PTFE resin particles 4d adhered to the outer peripheral surface 351a for the second transfer belt 351 are removed and held by the holding brush roller 52.
More specifically, the PTFE resin particles 4d adhered to the outer peripheral surface 351a of the second transfer belt 351 are removed and held so as to be attracted primarily by electrostatic attraction to the holding brush roller 52 to which the direct-current voltage having a positive polarity (+E2) is supplied. More specifically, the direct-current voltage (+E2) having a positive polarity that is higher than the direct-current voltage (+E1) having a positive polarity supplied to the supporting roller 352 for the second transfer belt 351 is supplied to the holding brush roller 52. Therefore, the PTFE resin particles 4d having a negative charging polarity existing at the outer peripheral surface 351a of the second transfer belt 351 are subjected to a relatively strong electrostatic attraction by the holding brush roller 52, are attracted to a brush layer 54, and are held in an adhered state to hairs of the brush layer 54 by the electrostatic attraction.
As a result, the PTFE resin particles 4b and 4c existing at the outer peripheral surface 31a of the intermediate transfer belt 31 are finally held by the holding brush roller 52 after being removed from the outer peripheral surface 31a through the second transfer belt 351. In the belt cleaning device 36 disposed at a first position situated downstream from the collecting device 5 (actually the second transfer device 35) in the direction of rotation of the intermediate transfer belt 31, even when the intermediate transfer belt 31 is rotated for the first time, the PTFE resin particles 4b and 4c existing at the belt outer peripheral surface 31a are removed by the collecting device 5 disposed upstream from the belt cleaning device 36. Therefore, the PTFE resin particles 4b and 4c are not gathered and stopped between the belt outer peripheral surface 31a and the end 361a of the cleaning plate 361 of the belt cleaning device 36 (see FIG. 9B).
A small number of PTFE particles 4b and 4c existing at a portion of the belt outer peripheral surface 31a between the end 361a of the cleaning plate 361 and the second transfer device 35 (second transfer section) of the collecting device 5 before the intermediate transfer belt 31 rotates for the first time may be stopped by the end 361a of the cleaning plate 361 (see FIG. 5). However, this does not reduce cleaning performance of the cleaning plate 361.
The controlling device 15 determines whether or not the first rotation period of the intermediate transfer belt 31 has passed (ST12). In the exemplary embodiment, for example, the controlling device 15 is set so as to make the determination by detecting whether or not the aforementioned setup control operation has ended.
If, in Step ST12, the controlling device 15 determines that the first rotation period has passed, the rotational speed of the rotational driving device 37, and, therefore, the rotational speed of the second transfer belt 351 are returned to the normal speed (S1) on the basis of a control command from the controlling device 15, and the supply of the direct-current voltages having positive polarities (E1, E2) from the power supplying device 55 of the collecting device 5 to the supporting roller 252 and the holding brush roller 52 is stopped on the basis of a control command from the controlling device 15 (ST13). Here, the second transfer belt 351 is rotated at the normal speed when subsequently proceeding to an image forming operation, but is stopped when this image forming operation is not performed. More specifically, in the power supplying device 55, the switching section 58 changes its switching state to a state in which it is disconnected from the direct-current power supplying section 56 having a positive polarity.
This prevents the PTFE resin particles 4b and 4c existing at the outer peripheral surface 31a of the intermediate transfer belt 31 from being excessively removed by the collecting device 5. In addition, residual toner charged to a negative polarity and remaining after the second transfer when a first image forming process has been performed by the image forming apparatus 1 is prevented from accidentally adhering to and being held by the collecting device 5 (second transfer belt 351 and the holding brush roller 52) by electrostatic attraction. Further, the adhered toner is prevented from contaminating the surface of the second transfer belt 351 and the surface of the holding brush roller 52.
In the image forming apparatus 1, when the setup control operation ends and the first image forming process is performed, as schematically shown in FIG. 6, residual toner Ta remaining after the second transfer is gathered and accumulated at the end 361a of the cleaning plate 361 of the belt cleaning device 36 (that is, an accumulation of toner results). When the residual toner Ta is gathered and accumulated at the end 361a of the cleaning plate 361 in this way, even if, for example, PTFE resin particles 4f that have dropped from the collecting roller 51 reach the residual toner Ta, there is no possibility of a reduction in friction force of the end 361a of the cleaning plate 361 with respect to the belt outer peripheral surface 31a. The accumulation of toner results when control toner images (patch images) are stopped at the cleaning plate 36. The control toners are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt 31 by being transferred from the image forming devices 20 during the setup control operation.
In the image forming apparatus 1 including the collecting device 5, even if the image forming process is executed, the belt cleaning device 36 properly cleans the outer peripheral surface 31a of the intermediate transfer belt 31, so that the occurrence of improper cleaning occurring particularly during an initial stage of use of the image forming apparatus 1 when the PTFE resin particles 4b and 4c are stopped at the end of the cleaning plate 361 is reduced. The initial stage of use of the image forming apparatus 1 corresponds to a period when images are formed on approximately 10 sheets, this being equivalent to the number of sheets subjected to the first image forming process.
In the image forming apparatus 1, as shown in FIG. 7, the controlling device 15 determines whether or not a cumulative value of the number of sheets on which images have been formed (the number of printed sheets) has reached a preset threshold value (the number of sheets) (ST20). The threshold value at this time is set with reference to, for example, a prediction period in which a second transfer rate is reduced as a result of a reduction in separability (an increase in toner adhesive force) at the outer peripheral surface 31a of the intermediate transfer belt 31 with time.
If, in Step ST20, the controlling device 15 determines that the number of sheets on which images have been formed has reached the threshold value, direct-current voltages having negative polarities are supplied to the holding brush roller 52 and the supporting roller 352 for the second transfer belt 351 from the power supplying device 55 of the collecting device 5 on the basis of a control command from the controlling device 15 (ST22). Here, in the power supplying device 55, the switching section 58 is switched to a state in which it is connected to the direct-current power supplying section 57 having a negative polarity. The power supplying device 55 supplies a bias voltage having a −E3 volt to the supporting roller 352, and a bias voltage having a −E4 (>−E3) volt to the holding brush roller 52. For example, the image forming apparatus at this time performs the bias voltage supply in a special operation mode where image forming operations that are performed by the image forming devices are completely stopped or in a special image formation mode where a period in which the image forming operations that are performed by the image forming devices 20 are temporarily stopped is added when the bias voltage supply is performed during the image forming operation. The second transfer belt 351 rotates at the normal speed (S1).
By this, as schematically shown in FIG. 8, the PTFE resin particles 4d held by the holding brush roller 52 of the collecting device 5 are subjected to a repulsive electrostatic force generated by the direct-current voltage (−E4) having a negative polarity at a location between the holding brush roller 52 and the second transfer belt 351, so that the PTFE resin particles 4d are ejected from the holding brush roller 52, and are returned as resin particles 4g to the outer peripheral surface 351a of the second transfer belt 351. Subsequently, the resin particles 4g returned and adhered to the outer peripheral surface 351a of the second transfer belt 351 are subjected to a repulsive electrostatic force generated by the direct-current voltage (−E3) having a negative polarity at a location between the second transfer belt 351 and the intermediate transfer belt 31, so that the resin particles 4g are ejected from the outer peripheral surface 351a of the second transfer belt 351, and are returned as resin particles 4h to the outer peripheral surface 31a of the intermediate transfer belt 31. At this time, toner particles charged to a negative polarity and adhered to and held by the holding brush roller 52 also receive each repulsive electrostatic force, so that they are ejected towards the belt outer peripheral surface 31a from the holding brush roller 52 through the second transfer belt 351.
The PTFE resin particles 4h finally ejected to the outer peripheral surface 31a of the intermediate transfer belt from the collecting device 5 reach and temporarily stop at the end 361a of the cleaning plate 361 of the belt cleaning device 36 as shown in FIG. 8. However, since the accumulation of the residual toner Ta exists at the end 361a of the cleaning plate 361, the PTFE resin particles 4h gradually pass the end 361a of the cleaning plate 361 without the friction force of the end being reduced when the PTFE resin particles 4h are stopped at the end 361a of the cleaning plate 361. Therefore, there is no possibility of improper cleaning caused by the ejected PTFE resin particles 4h. 
Due to the spreading property of the resin itself, the resin particles 4h that have passed the end 361a of the cleaning plate 361 are widened and spread by pressure that they receive when they pass the end 361a of the cleaning plate, and become, for example, thin films 4i. As a result, since the outer peripheral surface 31a of the intermediate belt 31 has separability, toner images are properly separated from the intermediate transfer belt 31 during the second transfer, and are second-transferred to a sheet 9, thereby increasing the second transfer rate. In particular, when surface characteristics (particularly separability) of the intermediate transfer belt 31 deteriorate with time, the second transfer rate is improved by imparting separability by the resin particles 4h and the films 4i. When the toner particles adhered to the holding brush roller 52 are ejected as described above, contamination of the brush layer 53 of the holding brush 52 by the toner is eliminated, so that, afterwards, the resin particles 4 are properly removed and held.
The controlling device 15 determines whether or not the period of supply of bias voltage having a negative polarity has passed (ST22). In the exemplary embodiment, for example, the controlling device 15 is set so as to perform the determination by detecting whether or not the remaining image forming operations, performed subsequent to the reaching of the number of sheets on which images have been formed, to the threshold value have ended. Alternatively, for example, the determination may be performed by detecting whether or not the number of rotations of the intermediate transfer belt 31 has reached a predetermined value.
If the controlling device 15 determines that the period of supply of the bias voltage has passed in Step ST22, the supply of direct-current voltages having negative polarities (−E3, −E4) to the supporting roller 352 and the holding brush roller 52 from the power supplying device 55 is stopped on the basis of a control command from the controlling device 15 (ST23). Here, in the power supplying device 55, the switching section 58 is switched to a state in which it is disconnected from the direct-current power supplying section 57 having a negative polarity.
By the above-described operations, all the basic operations of the collecting device 5 end.
When, in Step ST10 in FIG. 4, the first rotation period of the intermediate transfer belt is set so as to include, for example, a first rotation period when a power supply is turned on in a second image forming process and subsequent image forming processes, and a first rotation period when the power supply is turned on after it is determined that the image forming apparatus 1 is not used for a predetermined long time, operations of the collecting device 5 similar to those described above are performed when each rotation period arrives. In this case, the determination of whether or not the number of sheets on which images have been formed has reached the threshold value in Step S20 in FIG. 7 is performed by determining whether or not the cumulative value has reached the threshold value. The cumulative value is a value for the number of sheets on which images are formed by the image forming process subsequent to the ending of the ejection of the PTFE resin particles just before the determination.
Other Exemplary Embodiments
In the collecting device 5, if it is possible to at least remove the PTFE resin particles 4b and 4c by the second transfer belt 351, and remove and hold the resin particles 4d on the belt outer peripheral surface 351a by the holding brush roller 52, the power supplying device 55 may be omitted. As regards the power supplying device 55 in the collecting device 5, if the PTFE resin particles 4e finally collected and held by the holding brush roller 52 are not to be ejected and returned to the intermediate transfer belt 31, the power supplying device 55 may have a structure that is only capable of supplying bias voltage to the supporting roller 352 and the holding brush roller 52 for removing and holding the resin particles 4b and 4c by electrostatic attraction.
In the collecting device 5, a second transfer device 35 using a second transfer roller (second transfer rotating member) instead of the second transfer belt 351 as its collecting member may be used. In this case, the speed of rotation of the second transfer roller is set so as to differ from the speed of the intermediate transfer belt. As a structure that sets this speed difference, a structure that stops the rotation of the second transfer roller and the second transfer belt 351 may be used as long as there is no possibility of secondary problems such as damage to the outer peripheral surface 31a of the intermediate transfer belt. As the collecting member, a dedicated member may be disposed adjacent to the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt 31 instead of the second transfer device 35. However, it is desirable to use the second transfer device 35 because existing ones may be used, as a result of which additional structural components are not required.
In the collecting device 5, instead of using the holding brush roller 52 as its holding member, other members, such as a roller including a porous layer, a non-rotating brush, or a porous member, may also be used. When a stationary non-rotating holding member is used, it is desirable to set a contacting/separating device that causes the holding member to be in a state of contact with and to be in a state of separation from the outer peripheral surface of the second transfer rotating member used for, for example, the intermediate transfer belt. This makes it possible for the holding member to be in the state of separation from the outer peripheral surface of the second transfer rotating member in a period when resin particles are not to be collected and held by the stationary holding member. Therefore, it is possible to prevent undesired substances, such as toner particles, from adhering to the holding member, so that the surface of the holding member is capable of being maintained in a clean state.
In addition to the above-described holding brush roller 52, a cleaning brush roller for electrostatically collecting residual toner remaining on the second transfer belt 351 and ejecting the residual toner may be set at the second transfer belt 351. For example, the cleaning brush roller may be set so as to contact the belt outer peripheral surface 351a at a position situated upstream or downstream from the holding brush roller 52 in the direction of rotation of the second transfer belt 351, and so that its axial direction is substantially parallel to the shaft of the brush roller 52. In this case, a power supplying device that selects and supplies a bias voltage having a different polarity is also connected to the cleaning brush roller. For example, when a bias voltage having a certain polarity is applied to the holding brush roller 52, a bias voltage having a polarity that is opposite to this polarity is supplied to the cleaning brush roller, to make it possible to use the cleaning brush roller.
For example, the form of the image forming apparatus 1 including the collecting device 5 is not particularly limited as long as the image forming apparatus 1 includes the intermediate transfer belt 31 where the PTFE particles are dispersed and the belt cleaning device 36 including the cleaning plate 361. For example, the image forming apparatus 1 may include one image forming device 20.
The foregoing description of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention has been provided for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations will be apparent to practitioners skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, thereby enabling others skilled in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments and with the various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.

## Claims

1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
an image forming device including an image holding member, a developer image developed with a developer being formed on the image holding member;
an intermediate transfer belt to whose outer surface the developer image formed on the image holding member of the image forming device is transferred, and that holds the developer image, after which the intermediate transfer belt rotates so as to transport the developer image to a second transfer section where the developer image is transferred to a recording material, the intermediate transfer belt including a belt base material in which a resin particle formed of polytetrafluoroethylene is dispersed;
a cleaning device including a plate member, the cleaning device configured to perform a cleaning operation by at least contacting the plate member with a portion of an outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt that has passed the second transfer section; and
a collecting member that is disposed in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt, the collecting member being configured to remove and hold the resin particle existing at the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt by causing a speed of the intermediate transfer belt and a speed of the collecting member to differ from each other.

2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the collecting member includes a second transfer rotating member and a holding member, the second transfer rotating member rotating in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt at the second transfer section and removing the resin particle existing at the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt as a result of causing the speed of intermediate transfer belt and a speed of the second transfer rotating member to differ from each other, the holding member contacting an outer peripheral surface of the second transfer rotating member to remove and hold the resin particle adhered to the outer peripheral surface of the second transfer rotating member.

3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the second transfer rotating member includes a second transfer belt that rotates by being placed on a plurality of rollers.

4. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a power supplying unit that selects a bias voltage having a different polarity, and supplies the bias voltage to the collecting member.

5. The image forming apparatus according to claim 4, wherein, at an initial stage when the intermediate transfer belt is rotated for a first time, a bias voltage having a polarity that is opposite to a charging polarity of the resin particle is supplied to the collecting member from the power supplying unit.

6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 4, wherein, after passage of an initial stage when the intermediate transfer belt is rotated for a first time, the supply of the bias voltage to the collecting member from the power supplying unit is stopped.

7. The image forming apparatus according to claim 4, wherein, when a cumulative amount of the rotation of the intermediate transfer belt has reached a set value, a bias voltage having a polarity that is the same as a charging polarity of the resin particle is supplied to the collecting member from the power supplying unit.

8. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the collecting member is configured to remove and hold the resin particle existing at the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt in response to determining that the intermediate transfer belt has not been used for a period of time.

9. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the collecting member is configured to remove and hold the resin particle existing at the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt in response to determining that the image forming apparatus is in an initial stage of operation.