NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION

File Name: 13a1029n.06

No. 13-3414

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff-Appellee,

v.

HECTOR R. CHAVEZ,

Defendant-Appellant.

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ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED

STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE 

NORTHERN DISTRICT OF OHIO

Before: MERRITT, SUTTON and STRANCH, Circuit Judges.

SUTTON, Circuit Judge. Hector R. Chavez appeals his 120-month sentence for conspiring

to possess cocaine with the intent to distribute it. Because everyone—including the

government—agrees that the district court erred by failing to determine whether Chavez qualified

as an organizer or leader of the criminal enterprise subject to a four-level aggravating-role

enhancement, we vacate Chavez’s sentence and remand for resentencing.

Chavez pleaded guilty to conspiring to possess at least five kilograms of cocaine with the

intent to distribute it. R. 35 at 2–3; R. 477 at 3. The plea agreement specified the guidelines

calculation for Chavez’s offense, but Chavez reserved the right “to argue against the application of

the four (4) level enhancement for [playing an] aggravating role” in the crime pursuant to U.S.S.G.

§ 3B1.1(a). R. 477 at 5. And Chavez did just that—objecting to application of the enhancement in
No. 13-3414

United States v. Chavez

his sentencing memorandum and during argument at his sentencing hearing. R. 619 at 3–6; R. 660

at 11–41.

Despite these objections, the district court made no specific finding about whether the facts

supported an aggravating-role enhancement in Chavez’s case. See R. 660 at 39. It instead accepted

the guidelines calculations in Chavez’s presentence report and sentenced him based on the

guidelines range that corresponded with those calculations. Id. In light of Criminal Rule 32(i)’s

requirement that the district court “must—for any disputed portion of the presentence report or other

controverted matter—rule on the dispute,” the district court’s silent acquiescence to the presentence

report’s application of the aggravating-role enhancement constitutes a reversible procedural error. 

See United States v. Ross, 502 F.3d 521, 531 (6th Cir. 2007) (requiring “literal compliance” with

Rule 32(i), meaning the district court “may not merely summarily adopt the factual findings in the

presentence report or simply declare that the facts are supported by a preponderance of the evidence”

(internal quotation marks omitted)); see also United States v. Corzine, 513 F. App’x 452, 456–57

(6th Cir. 2013) (vacating and remanding for resentencing because the district court did not

affirmatively rule on a disputed issue).

We decline Chavez’s invitation to consider the applicability of the aggravating-role

enhancement in the first instance on appeal. Consistent with our customary practice, we vacate

Chavez’s sentence and remand for a second sentencing hearing so that the district judge may rule

on the applicability of the aggravating-role enhancement and on the related issue of Chavez’s

eligibility for the safety valve benefit under U.S.S.G. § 5C1.2.

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No. 13-3414

United States v. Chavez

For these reasons, we vacate Chavez’s sentence and remand for resentencing.

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