STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA
 

SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS 

DAVID MILLS, 

Claimant Below, Petitioner 

FILED 

August 2, 2017 

RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK 

SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS 

vs.) No. 16-0907 (BOR Appeal No. 2051141) 

OF WEST VIRGINIA 

(Claim No. 2013028109) 

ALPHA NATURAL RESOURCES, INC., 

Employer Below, Respondent 

MEMORANDUM DECISION 

Petitioner David Mills, by John H. Shumate, Jr, his attorney, appeals the decision of the 

West Virginia Workers’ Compensation Board of Review. Alpha Natural Resources, by Timothy 

E. Huffman, its attorney, filed a timely response. 

The issue on appeal is the appropriate amount of permanent partial disability related to 

the compensable injury. The claims administrator found that Mr. Mills was entitled to a 7% 

permanent partial disability on October 13, 2014. The Office of Judges affirmed the claims 

administrator’s decision on February 12, 2016. The Board of Review affirmed the Order of the 

Office of Judges on August 31, 2016. The Court has carefully reviewed the records, written 

arguments, and appendices contained in the briefs, and the case is mature for consideration. 

This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal 

arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided 

by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record 

presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these 

reasons, a memorandum decision is appropriate under Rule 21 of the Rules of Appellate 

Procedure. 

Mr. Mills, a shuttle car operator for Alpha Natural Resources, Inc., injured his back and 

right leg on March 12, 2013, while loading timbers into a scoop. Mr. Mills stated that he got his 

right foot caught in between the logs and started to fall. He twisted his right knee and lower back 

in the process. Mr. Mills reported hearing or feeling a pop when he twisted his knee. Upon 

examination, the right knee was noted to be swollen and painful to palpation. Mr. Mills had some 

decreased range of motion as well. The lumbar spine was tender to palpation. An x-ray of the 

right knee was normal, but an x-ray of the lumbar spine revealed degenerative changes from the 

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L3 to L5-S1 level with narrowing disc spaces and endplate spurring. There was no fracture or 

spondylolisthesis noted. Mr. Mills was diagnosed with a lumbar sprain/strain and knee sprain. 

On March 29, 2013, the claim was approved for sprain of knee/leg, sprain lumbar region, 

and overexertion and strenuous movements. An MRI performed the same day revealed Grade 2 

chondromalacia of the patella, moderate size joint effusion, cartilage erosion and osseous erosion 

far posterior aspect of the lateral femoral condyle, subchondral cysts within the medial tibial 

plateau, delicate tear posterior horn medial meniscus, mild meniscocapsular separation, 

inflammation of the MCL which is on top of a chronic injury, and tricompartmental 

osteoarthritis. The findings of the cartilage revealed increased intensity within the trochlea and 

cartilage erosion at the far posterior aspect of the lateral femoral condyle. 

Mr. Mills underwent arthroscopic knee surgery on June 7, 2013. The post-operative 

diagnosis was complex tear, posterior horn of medial meniscus; chondromalacia patella; small 

tear posterior horn of lateral meniscus; severe lateral patellar tilt; and Grade 3 chondral changes; 

lateral facet of the patella with minimal changes medial facet of the patella; grade 4 chondral 

loss, area 8 mm x 1 cm lateral femoral condyle. Mr. Mills tolerated the procedure well and was 

transferred to recover in stable condition. A January 15, 2014, MRI of the right knee revealed 

signal abnormality within the posterior horn and body segment of the medial meniscus. 

However, this can be seen secondary to prior surgery; Grade 3 chondromalacia of the patella; 

and tricompartmental osteoarthritis. 

On May 21, 2014, Mr. Mills underwent a second surgical arthroscopy of the right knee, 

which was similar to his first knee surgery. The post-operative diagnosis was possible re-tear of 

posterior horn of medial meniscus; lateral femoral grade 4 cartilage lesion, previously undergone 

microfracture; full-thickness cartilage loss trochlear groove, area 2 cm x 1 cm; multiple 

cartilaginous loose bodies, right knee; and complex tear, lateral meniscus right knee. 

After the surgeries, Mr. Mills underwent several independent medical evaluations to 

determine the extent of permanent impairment. Paul Bachwitt, M.D., completed an independent 

medical evaluation on August 22, 2014. Dr. Bachwitt opined Mr. Mills had reached maximum 

medical improvement and recommended follow-up visits with S. Brett Whitfield, M.D. Dr. 

Bachwitt stated Mr. Mills was not working but felt he could perform light duty work and 

progress to medium duty work over a period of eight weeks. Dr. Bachwitt found that Mr. Mills 

has had two arthroscopic partial medial and lateral meniscectomies for which he assigned 4% 

whole person impairment each, for a total of 8% whole person impairment. Dr. Bachwitt noted 

Mr. Mills had previously been awarded a 2% permanent partial disability for the right knee and 

therefore, subtracted 2% from his recommendation for a total of 6% whole person impairment. 

The reporting physician was A.E. Landis, M.D. Dr. Landis noted that Mr. Mills suffered from 

pre-existing right knee issues. Mr. Mills had several previous injuries to his right knee and 

underwent right knee arthroscopy in 2008. Mr. Mills also had a pre-existing history of lower 

back pain and degenerative changes were seen on prior x-rays. Dr. Bachwitt ultimately found 5% 

impairment for the lumbar spine for a combined total of 11% whole person impairment for all 

conditions. 

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On September 4, 2014, Rebecca Thaxton, M.D., completed a physician’s review report. 

Dr. Thaxton agreed with the 5% impairment rating given by Dr. Bachwitt as it pertained to the 

lumbar spine. However, she believed that giving 4% whole person impairment twice for the 

partial knee surgeries was in effect counting one knee condition twice and was therefore not 

appropriate. 

Dr. Bachwitt issued an addendum to his report on September 16, 2014, to address Dr. 

Thaxton’s review. Dr. Bachwitt believed he was correct in regards to his impairment rating of 

Mr. Mills’s right knee surgeries. However, he noted that as there was some confusion regarding 

the matter, the issue should be directed to Randall Short, D.O., to make a decision as to whether 

an individual gets an impairment rating for each surgery when it relates to a knee injury. 

Dr. Short completed a physician’s review on September 26, 2014. Dr. Short opined that 

Dr. Bachwitt was incorrect in assessing 4% whole person impairment for each surgery. Dr. Short 

noted that Mr. Mills underwent the same surgery twice and that combining two different 

impairments for the same surgery was inappropriate. Based upon Dr. Short’s report the claims 

administrator awarded Mr. Mills a 7% permanent partial disability award. 

On January 7, 2015, Saghir Mir, M.D., completed an independent medical evaluation. Dr. 

Mir diagnosed post-operative arthroscopic debridement of medial and lateral menisci which was 

operated on twice. He also noted chondroplasty of patellofemoral joint area as well as lateral 

patellar release for pre-existing subluxating patella and small chondral lesion on lateral femoral 

condyle. He found Mr. Mills had reached his maximum medical improvement and recommended 

no further treatment. Dr. Mir calculated 2% whole person impairment for the right knee and 5% 

whole person impairment for the lumbar spine. He combined the impairment to reach a total of 

7% whole person impairment. Because Mr. Mills had already been awarded 7% permanent 

partial disability he did not recommend any further award. 

Yogesh Chand, M.D., completed an independent medical evaluation report of Mr. Mills 

on June 9, 2015. Dr. Chand’s impression was chronic low back pain syndrome and a right knee 

injury. Dr. Chand noted that Mr. Mills has moderate osteoarthritis of the right knee and has some 

numbness of the right leg in the S1 nerve root distribution all the way down to the knees. Dr. 

Chand noted that Dr. Mir did not take into consideration the diagnosis aspect on the range of 

motion model and Dr. Bachwitt did not assign any impairment for the range of motion stiffness 

component of the range of motion model. Dr. Chand opined that these categories need to be 

combined. Dr. Chand found 8% whole person impairment for the lumbosacral spine and 15% 

whole person impairment for the right knee for a combined total of 19% whole person 

impairment. He noted Mr. Mills was previously awarded 2% impairment and therefore was 

entitled to an additional 17% whole person impairment. 

On September 22, 2015, Prasadarao Mukkamala, M.D., completed an independent 

medical evaluation. He concluded that Mr. Mills had reached his maximum medical 

improvement. Dr. Mukkamala calculated 4% for the right knee, which included 2% impairment 

he previously received and 5% for the lumbar spine for a combined total of 7% whole person 

impairment. He noted that because Mr. Mills previously received 7% permanent partial disability 

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award for this claim, he was fully compensated. Dr. Mukkamala opined that Dr. Chand assigned 

15% whole person impairment based upon the utilization of the cane, which Dr. Mukkamala 

opined was erroneous and improper. 

The Office of Judges determined that a 7% permanent partial disability award fully 

compensated Mr. Mills for his injury and affirmed the claim administrator’s decision. The Office 

of Judges first addressed the level of lumbar spine impairment. The Office of Judges noted that 

four of the five physicians of record found 5% whole person impairment for the lumbar spine. 

The only physician that found more impairment was Dr. Chand. The Office of Judges discredited 

Dr. Chand’s evaluation of stiffness because he did not document any of his range of motion 

measurements for testing when the American Medical Association’s Guides to the Evaluation of 

Permanent Impairment (4th ed. 1993), advise that evaluation reports document this information. 

The Office of Judges found that the four consistent reports were more credible that Dr. Chand’s 

report. Regarding the impairment of the right knee, the Office of Judges found that Dr. 

Bachwitt’s report was the least reliable out of the four physician reports. Dr. Bachwitt found 8% 

whole person impairment because he assigned each knee surgery 4% whole person impairment. 

The Office of Judges found that every other physician besides Dr. Bachwitt concluded that 

doubling the 4% whole person impairment for the two surgeries was incorrect. Dr. Mukkmala 

and Dr. Mir did not provide an explanation for why they did not assign each surgery an 

impairment rating. Dr. Thaxton opined that because the procedures were on the same knee and 

were partial, that this would be double counting. Dr. Short opined that because the second 

procedure was the same as the first procedure 4% whole person impairment for both was 

appropriate. Neither Dr. Thaxton nor Dr. Short cited or referenced the American Medical 

Association’s Guides regarding their opinion that Mr. Mills is entitled to a 4% impairment rating 

despite undergoing two procedures. The Office of Judges noted that Dr. Bachwitt deferred to Dr. 

Short stating that he should make the decision. The Office of Judges discredited Dr. Chand’s 

finding of 15% whole person impairment for the right knee because he assigned it based upon 

gait derangement, which the Office of Judges found was caused by pre-existing knee problems 

and the chondromalacia. The Board of Review adopted the findings of the Office of Judges and 

affirmed its Order. 

After review, we agree with the decision of the Office of Judges as affirmed by the Board 

of Review. The evidence of record supports an award of 5% permanent partial disability for the 

lumbar spine component of the injury. Four out of the five rating physicians found that 5% 

whole person impairment was appropriate. The only physician that found a higher impairment 

was Dr. Chand. The Office of Judges was correct in discrediting Dr. Chand’s evaluation because 

he did not support his findings with any range of motion measurements or show how he reached 

his conclusion, which is in contradiction to the rating techniques described in the American 

Medical Association’s Guides. A final impairment rating for the right knee of 4% whole person 

impairment was also supported by the evidence. Dr. Bachwitt was the only physician to find 

more than 4% whole person impairment and his report states that he would defer to Dr. Short’s 

opinion who found 4% whole person impairment. All of the other physicians of record stated that 

an extra 4% whole person impairment for the second surgery was incorrect. As a result, both 

rating decisions were supported by the evidence. 

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For the foregoing reasons, we find that the decision of the Board of Review is not in clear 

violation of any constitutional or statutory provision, nor is it clearly the result of erroneous 

conclusions of law, nor is it based upon a material misstatement or mischaracterization of the 

evidentiary record. Therefore, the decision of the Board of Review is affirmed. 

Affirmed. 

ISSUED: August 2, 2017 

CONCURRED IN BY: 

Chief Justice Allen H. Loughry II 

Justice Robin J. Davis 

Justice Margaret L. Workman 

Justice Menis E. Ketchum 

Justice Elizabeth D. Walker 

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