# Patent

## Title
Pressure roller and fixing device equipped with the same

## Abstract

A pressure roller for use in a fixing device includes a core metal, an elastic layer, a releasing layer, and an adhesive layer configured to cause the elastic layer and the releasing layer to adhere to each other, wherein the adhesive layer contains monomer electrolyte.

## Background
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a pressure roller suitable for use in a fixing device mounted in an image forming apparatus, such as an electrophotographic copying machine and an electrophotographic printer, and a fixing device including the pressure roller.
2. Description of the Related Art
As fixing devices mounted in electrophotographic printers or electrophotographic copying machines, there has been known a heat roller-type fixing device including a halogen heater, a fixing roller heated by the halogen heater, and a pressure roller brought into contact with the fixing roller to form a nip portion.
Additionally, there has been known a film heating-type fixing device including a heater having a heat generating resistor formed on a substrate made of ceramics, a fixing film moving on the heater while being brought into contact with the heater, and a pressure roller forming a nip portion together with the heater via the fixing film.
Each of the heat roller-type fixing device and the film heating-type fixing device is configured to heat and fix a toner image onto a recording material carrying an unfixed toner image thereon while the recording material is pinched and transported at the nip portion.
A releasing layer is generally provided on a surface layer of the fixing roller or fixing film, and a surface layer of the pressure roller, which are used in these types, to prevent the toner from adhering thereto. A fluorine resin can be used as the releasing layer.
However, since the fluorine resin is a high electrical insulation material, the fluorine resin has properties in which it is easily electrically charged and static electricity is hardly escaped therefrom. For this reason, if the recording material with the unfixed toner image is transported to the nip portion of the fixing device, an electrostatic offset image (hereinafter, referred to as electrostatic offset) is likely to occur, in which, the unfixed toner electrically adheres to a surface of the fixing roller or fixing film and is then fixed to the recording material when the fixing roller or fixing film revolves.
Accordingly, a method of dispersing a charge control agent into the fluorine resin, a method of decreasing resistivity of a portion of a layer or a plurality of layers of the pressure roller, and a method of adding an antistatic agent into a rubber layer of a fixing roller or a fixing belt have been proposed to prevent the fluorine resin of the releasing layer from being electrically charged.
For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 04-19687 discusses a fixing device including a fixing member having a heat generating element therein, and a pressure roller placed opposite to the fixing member in a freely rotating manner, in which the pressure roller has an electrically conductive core metal, an elastic layer formed on the core metal, and a surface layer of an electrically conductive PFA tube formed on the elastic layer.
In addition, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open 2002-258649 discusses a pressure roller which includes a releasing layer, an adhesive layer, an elastic layer, and a core metal, which are formed in order from the surface of the pressure roller, wherein the releasing layer has an electrical resistance property, the adhesive layer has an electrical conductive property, and carbon black is used as particles dispersed in the adhesive layer.
Furthermore, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open 2006-265340 discusses a nonconductive silicone rubber composition for a fixing roller or a fixing belt, in which 0.001 to 2 parts by mass of antistatic agent is contained in 100 parts by mass of an organopolysiloxane containing at least two alkenyl groups bonding to at least two silicon atoms in one molecule and in an effective amount of curing agent for curing the organopolysiloxane, and in which the composition is applied to a rubber elastic layer.
However, the configurations of the related art have the following problems from the viewpoint of electrostatic offset and toner stain.
When a surface potential of the pressure roller is excessively increased by frictional electrification when an electric field to attract the toner to the surface of the fixing film or fixing roller from the recording material is generated, and thus the electrostatic offset occurs on the recording material. Therefore, an offset image is continuously produced on the whole image. Meanwhile, the toner stain is the one in which the offset toner adheres to and accumulates on the surface layer of the pressure roller. A lump of toner adheres to the underside of the recording material at any timing, which causes an image defect.
In the case of the related art where the conductive PFA tube is provided as the surface layer of the pressure roller, the toner stain easily develops on the pressure roller. The conductive PFA tube is made by adding carbon to insulating PFA to produce conductivity. As compared with the insulating PFA tube with no conductive material, its electrostatic offset is superior, while its releasing property of the toner is inferior.
If the content of the carbon is reduced, the releasing property is improved, but the electrostatic offset is deteriorated. Accordingly, in the conductive PFA tube, the electrostatic offset and the stain of the pressure roller are in a trade-off relation with respect to the addition of the carbon.
In addition, in the pressure roller in which the releasing layer of the pressure roller is made of only by a fluorine resin tube of an electrical insulating property and the adhesive layer between the releasing layer and the elastic layer contains electronically conductive particles such as carbon black dispersed therein, the ability of suppressing the electrostatic offset may be lowered depending upon the configuration of the fixing device.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to a pressure roller and a fixing device which are stable to suppress electrostatic offset, without generating a toner stain of the pressure roller.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a pressure roller for use in a fixing device includes a core metal, an elastic layer, a releasing layer, and an adhesive layer configured to cause the elastic layer and the releasing layer to adhere to each other, wherein the adhesive layer contains monomer electrolyte.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a fixing device includes a heating member, and a pressure roller including a core metal, an elastic layer, a releasing layer, and an adhesive layer configured to cause the elastic layer and the releasing layer to adhere to each other, and forming, together with the heating member, a nip portion configured to heat, while pinching transporting, a recording material carrying an image, wherein the adhesive layer contains monomer electrolyte.
Further features and aspects of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a fixing device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating Example 11.



DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
Various exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.
(1) Fixing Device 6
The configuration of an image forming apparatus equipped with a fixing device is known in the art, and thus its description will be omitted. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a fixing device 6 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. A film guide member (stay) 21 has a transverse section formed in a substantially semi-circular arc and gutter shape and is transversely long in a longitudinal direction corresponding to a direction perpendicular to the drawing. A transversely long heater 22 is received and held in a groove substantially formed at the center of the lower surface of the film guide member 21 in a longitudinal direction. An endless belt-type heat-resistant belt (fixing film) 23 is loosely fitted to the outside of the film guide member 21 attached with the heater 22. Components 21 to 23 configure a heating member according to the present exemplary embodiment. A pressure roller 24 is brought into press-contact with the lower surface of the heater 22, with the heat-resistant belt 23 being interposed between the heater 22 and the pressure roller 24.
A nip portion N is formed by the heater 22 and the pressure roller 24, with the heat-resistant belt 23 being interposed between the heater 22 and the pressure roller 24. The pressure roller 24 is rotated by a driving source M. The film guide member 21 is a molding product made of a heat-resistant resin, such as polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) or liquid crystal polymer.
The heater 22 is a ceramic heater having low thermal capacity. Specifically, the heater 22 includes a heater substrate 22a, such as alumina or AlN, formed in a transversely long thin plate shape, a resistance heat generating element 22b of a linear shape or a narrow band shape, such as Ag/Pd, formed on a surface (film sliding surface) of the substrate in a longitudinal direction, a thin surface protection layer 22c, such as glass layer, and a temperature measuring element 22d such as a thermistor provided on the opposite surface of the heater substrate 22a. The temperature of the ceramic heater 22 promptly increases upon supplying power to the resistance heat generating element 22b, and the heater 22 is controlled at a predetermined fixing temperature (target temperature to be controlled) by a power control unit including the temperature measuring element 22d. 
In order to improve quick start performance of the fixing device by decreasing the thermal capacity of the heat-resistant belt 23, the heat-resistant belt 23 is configured as a composite-layered film having a film thickness of 400 μm or less in total, desirably, in the range of 50 μm to 300 μm inclusive.
The base layer of the heat-resistant belt 23 is formed from a heat-resistant resin such as polyimide, polyamideimide or PEEK, or a metal having heat resistance and high thermal conductivity, such as stainless steel (SUS), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), or zinc (Zn), either singly or as a composite. An elastic layer for ameliorating the toner fixing performance may also be formed on the base layer, and a silicone rubber, a fluorine rubber and the like, to which a thermally conductive filler, a reinforcing material and the like have been added, are suitably used.
The main polymer of the heat-resistant belt releasing layer is constituted of a fluorine resin, and specific examples include the following: homopolymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride and polyvinyl fluoride; ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (hereinafter, abbreviated to ETFE), ethylene-trifluorochloroethylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (hereinafter, abbreviated to PFA), and tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer. Among them, PFA and ETFE are more desirable in view of moldability, heat resistance, flex resistance and the like. The polymers can be used singly, or in combination of two or more kinds. It is also useful that the releasing layer contains a conductive member such as carbon black or an ion conductive substance as necessary.
The pressure roller 24 includes a core metal 24a made of, for example, iron or aluminum material, a rubber elastic layer 24c, adhesive layers 24b and 24d, and a releasing layer 24e, the above layers being able to be obtained by using the material and the fabricating method described in detail in Paragraph (2) below.
A voltage applying circuit 25 for electrically holding the toner on the recording material P at the fixing nip portion N is electrically connected to the core metal 24a of the pressure roller 24. The voltage applying circuit 25 may be connected to the elastic layer 24c or the adhesive layers 24b and 24d. In addition, the voltage applying circuit may be connected to the pressure roller, or may be connected to the heating member. Alternatively, the voltage applying circuit may be separately connected to the pressure roller and the heating member. In addition, the voltage applying circuit may be separately connected to the pressure roller and the heating member.
The heat-resistant belt 23 is rotated by the rotation of the pressure roller 24 when the pressure roller 24 rotates in a counterclockwise direction indicated by the arrow b during at least the image forming process. That is, when the pressure roller 24 is rotationally driven, a rotary force acts on the heat-resistant belt 23 at the fixing nip portion N in terms of a friction force between the outer peripheral surface of the pressure roller 24 and the outer peripheral surface of the heat-resistant belt 23. When the heat-resistant belt 23 rotates, the inner surface of the heating resistant belt 23 slides while being in close contact with the lower surface which is the surface of the heater 22 at the nip portion N. In this instance, in order to reduce sliding resistance between the inner surface of the heat-resistant belt 23 and the lower surface of the heater 22, lubricant such as thermal resistant grease may be interposed therebetween.
While the recording material P is transported and nipped at the fixing nip portion N, the toner image carried on the recording material P is heated and fixed onto the recording material P. The recording material P passing through the nip portion N is separated from the outer surface of the heat-resistant belt 23, and then is transported.
Since the film heating-type heat-fixing device 6 according to the present exemplary embodiment includes the heater 22 which has the low thermal capacity and in which a temperature promptly increases, it is possible to remarkably reduce a time for the heater 22 arriving at the predetermined temperature. Since the temperature of the heater can be easily increased up to the high-temperature from a room temperature, and it is not necessary to control the temperature of the fixing device in a standby state during a non-printing process, thereby saving power. Additionally, a tension is not substantially applied to the rotating heat-resistant belt 23 at a portion other than the fixing nip portion N, and only a flange member is provided as a film movement regulator to just support the end portion of the heat-resistant belt 23.
(2) Pressure Roller 24
Hereinafter, a material and a method of forming the pressure roller 24 as the pressure member in the above-described fixing device 6 will now be described in detail.
2-1) Layer Configuration of Pressure Roller 24
The pressure roller 24 according to the present exemplary embodiment is a pressure roller in which at least the following layers are laminated around the outer periphery of the core metal 24a. 
1: An elastic layer 24c formed of a flexible and heat-resistant material, which is represented by a silicone rubber.
2: A releasing layer 24e having higher releasing performance, which is represented by a fluorine resin.
3: An adhesive layer 24d for causing the elastic layer 24c and the releasing layer 24e to adhere to each other, which contains monomer electrolyte in a silicone rubber adhesive.
If necessary, the following layer may also be added.
4: An adhesive layer 24d for causing the core metal 24a and the elastic layer 24c to adhere to each other.
In addition, increasing the number of layers is acceptable within the range in which it does not interfere with the functions of the present exemplary embodiment.
2-1-1) Core Metal 24a 
A core metal made of iron or aluminum is suitably used, and the core metal may also be subjected in advance to activation of the surface with sandblasting or the like, and then degreased with methylene chloride, a hydrocarbon cleaner, an aqueous cleaner or the like.
2-1-2) Adhesive Layer 24b 
When a primer for peroxide vulcanized-type silicone rubbers, or a primer for addition type silicone rubbers is used, the core metal 24a and the elastic layer 24c can firmly adhere to each other. If necessary, the adhesive layer may be used after sintering at 120° C. to 170° C. for about 30 minutes to 1 hour.
2-1-3) Elastic Layer 24c 
The elastic layer 24c is a layer for forming the fixing nip portion N, as described above, and it is desirable that a solid rubber elastic layer or a foam rubber layer is used as the elastic layer. The thickness of the elastic layer 24c used in the pressure roller 24 is not particularly limited so long as the thickness is enough for forming the fixing nip portion N having a desired width, but it is desirable that the thickness is in the range of 2 to 10 mm.
As the main polymer of the elastic layer 24c, any of the following polymers can be suitably used. For example, a high temperature vulcanized-type silicone rubber (HTV), an addition reaction cured type silicone rubber (LTV), a condensation reaction cured type silicone rubber (RTV), a fluorine rubber, and mixtures thereof may be used. Specific examples that can be used include silicone rubbers such as a dimethyl silicone rubber, a fluorosilicone rubber, a methyl phenyl silicone rubber, and a vinyl silicone rubber; and fluorine rubbers such as a vinylidene fluoride rubber, a tetrafluoroethylene-propylene rubber, a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethyl vinyl ether rubber, a fluorine-containing phosphagen-based rubber, and a fluoropolyether. These main polymers can be used singly or in combination of two or more kinds. Carbon black, a reinforcing filler material such as wet silica or fumed silica, and an extending filler material such as calcium carbonate or powdered quartz may be contained in the main polymers described above.
Furthermore, in order to impart electrical conductivity, the volume intrinsic resistance value may be lowered by using various conductivity imparting agents as filler materials. Examples of these conductivity imparting agents include conductive carbon black such as acetylene black or Ketjen black; graphite; powdered metals such as silver, copper, and nickel; conductive zinc oxide, conductive calcium carbonate, and carbon fibers, but carbon black is generally used.
Furthermore, in the case of making the elastic layer 24c into a foam layer, a hollow spherical filler material such as a glass balloon or a silica balloon may be dispersed in the main polymer described above.
A predetermined amount of a desired filler material may be contained and dispersed in the main polymer, a elastic layer may be formed by coating the dispersion on the adhesive layer 24b on the core metal 24a by a known method such as a mold casting method or a ring coating method, and the elastic layer may be cured by heating, and then released.
2-1-4) Adhesive Layer 24d 
The adhesive layer 24d provided in the pressure roller is characterized by having a good electrification property, as compared with electronically conductive additive of the related art. As a main material used in the adhesive layer 24d, a silicone rubber adhesive type is desirable from the viewpoint of heat resistance, adherence property, and workability. The adhesive layer 24d contains a silicone rubber adhesive and monomer electrolyte. The silicone rubber adhesive type can cause the elastic layer 24c and the releasing layer 24e to firmly adhere to each other by using the following material.
Type A: Addition-type silicone rubber adhesive which is commercially available.
Type B: Composition configured by combining addition-type silicone rubber composition having no adhesive impregnation agent (adhesion provider) with an adhesive impregnation agent.
The monomer electrolyte described below is mixed and diluted with solvent, and both the type A and the type B can be used as the adhesive layer 24d according to the present exemplary embodiment.
The adhesive layer desirably has a thickness of from 1 μm to 40 μm inclusive. If the thickness is less than 1 μm, coating is difficult, while if the thickness is more than 40 μm, it has an effect on the function of the elastic layer as the pressure roller. For example, an effect obtained by giving low heat conductivity (heat insulation property) or high heat conductivity to the elastic layer may be deteriorated by the increased thickness of the adhesive layer.
In addition, an adhesion provider of the adhesive layer 24d reacts with the main polymer of the elastic layer 24c, and thus the hardness of the elastic layer 24c may be increased in rare cases. This phenomenon is varied depending upon a kind of the main polymer, but since the reaction of the adhesion provider is increased as the thickness of the adhesive layer 24d is thick, the adhesive layer 24d desirably has a thickness of 40 μm or less from the viewpoint of the varied hardness of the elastic layer 24c. 
The monomer electrolyte contained in the silicone rubber adhesive is desirably a fluorinated surfactant from the viewpoint of the high heat resistance. Among fluorinated surfactants, the following substances selected from among sulfonic acids, disulfonic acids, sulfonimides, and sulfonamides of fluoroalkylsulfonic acid derivatives are suitably used.
Examples of the sulfonic acids include lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, potassium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, ammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, potassium pentafluoroethanesulfonate, lithium pentafluoroethanesulfonate, sodium pentafluoroethanesulfonate, ammonium pentafluoroethanesulfonate, potassium heptafluoropropanesulfonate, lithium heptafluoropropanesulfonate, sodium heptafluoropropanesulfonate, ammonium heptafluoropropanesulfonate, potassium nonafluorobutanesulfonate, lithium nanofluorobutanesulfonate, sodium nonafluorobutanesulfonate, ammonium nonafluorobutanesulfonate, potassium perfluorobutanesulfonate, and lithium perfluorobutanesulfonate.
Examples of the disulfonic acids include 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane-1,3-disulfonic acid, 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane-1,3-disulfonic acid dipotassium salt, 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane-1,3-disulfonic acid disodium salt, 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane-1,3-disulfonic acid diammonium salt, and 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane-1,3-disulfonic acid dilithium salt.
Examples of the sulfonimides include bis(heptafluoropropanesulfonyl)imide potassium salt, bis(heptafluoropropanesulfonyl)imide lithium salt, bis(heptafluoropropanesulfonyl)imide sodium salt, bis(heptafluoropropanesulfonyl)imide ammonium salt, bis(nonafluorobutanesulfonyl)imide potassium salt, bis(nonafluorobutanesulfonyl)imide sodium salt, bis(nonafluorobutanesulfonyl)imide ammonium salt, bis(nonafluorobutanesulfonyl)imide lithium salt, cyclohexafluoropropane-1,3-bis(sulfonyl)imide potassium salt, cyclohexafluoropropane-1,3-bis(sulfonyl)imide sodium salt, cyclohexafluoropropane-1,3-bis(sulfonyl)imide ammonium salt, and cyclohexafluoropropane-1,3-bis(sulfonyl)imide lithium salt.
Examples of the sulfonamides include trifluoromethanesulfonamide potassium salt, pentafluoroethanesulfonamide, pentafluoroethanesulfonamide potassium salt, heptafluoropropanesulfonamide, heptafluoropropanesulfonamide potassium salt, and nonafluorobutanesulfonamide potassium salt.
The fluoroalkylsulfonic acid derivatives have very high decomposition temperatures and exhibit high ion conductivity, and therefore, the derivatives are suitable to be contained in the silicone rubbers. The amount of addition of the fluoroalkylsulfonic acid derivatives into the silicone rubber is desirably in the range of 0.005 parts to 3 parts inclusive relative to 100 parts of the silicone rubber. Here, the amount of addition is the amount of the raw material only, which does not include the amount of the solvent. If the amount of addition is 0.005 parts or less, the charge suppressing effect is insufficient, and if the amount of addition is more than 3 parts, adhesiveness is deteriorated.
The silicone rubber adhesive contains the monomer electrolyte by combining the silicone rubber and a solution having the monomer electrolyte combined with organic solvent. Various conductivity imparting agents or antistatic agents may also be used as fillers in the silicone rubber adhesive.
2-1-5) Releasing Layer 24e 
As the releasing layer 24e, for example, one which is formed in a tube shape by fluorine resin exemplarily listed below or one which is brought into a coating material with the fluorine resin is used.
Homopolymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride and polyvinyl fluoride; ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (hereinafter, abbreviated to ETFE), ethylene-trifluorochloroethylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (hereinafter, abbreviated to PFA), and tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer. Among them, PFA and ETFE are more desirable in view of moldability, heat resistance, flex resistance, and the like.
As a form, a tube shape is desirable from the viewpoint of strength of workability. It is desirable that the releasing layer 24e has a thickness of 100 μm or less. The reason is that when it is laminated, the elasticity of the elastic layer 24c, which is a lower layer, is maintained, and it is possible to suppress the surface hardness from being excessively increased as the pressure member.
The inner surface of the releasing layer 24e is subjected to sodium processing, excimer laser processing, or ammonia processing to improve the adhesiveness. As a method of coating the releasing layer 24e, a method of releasing a roller from a molding die and coating the adhesive layer 24d by lubricant may be employed. The releasing layer 24e may be formed by being coated using the coating material made of the above-described material.
The adhesive layer 24d included in the pressure roller 24 is characterized by a high antistatic performance, but the pressure roller 24 having a more good electric charge decrease performance can be obtained by lowering the resistance of the elastic layer 24c of the pressure roller 24.
In addition, it can further increase the effect of suppressing the electrostatic offset by applying the voltage to the pressure roller 24 from the voltage applying unit. The voltage applying unit may be provided only to the heating member or may be provided to both the heating member and the pressure roller.
In addition to the film heating type according to the present exemplary embodiment, the same effect may be achieved, in the other heating types such as a heat roller type and the like, by the configuration including the pressure roller and the voltage applying unit, which will be described below.
Hereinafter, the present invention will now be described in detail by use of Examples.
EXAMPLE 1
First, a primer for addition cure-type silicone rubber (product name: DY39-051 A&B; “Liquid A” and “Liquid B” manufactured by Dow Corning Toray Co., Ltd. are mixed in equal amounts to make up 100 parts) as the adhesive layer 24b is spray-coated on the outer periphery of the core metal 24a made of iron having Φ23 mm, which has a sand-blasted surface, and then is sintered at a temperature of 150° C. for 30 minutes.
Next, in a molding die having a diameter of 30 mm, in which the core metal 24a made of iron is equipped to the center portion thereof, 50 parts of Liquid A (main component liquid) and 50 parts of Liquid B (curing agent) of addition cure-type conductive silicone rubber materials DY35-1349SC A&B (products having volume resistivity of 106 Ω·cm) manufactured by Dow Corning Toray Co., Ltd. are casted, and then are primarily vulcanized at a temperature of 150° C. for 1 hour. After that, the core metal 24a is removed from the molding die to obtain the elastic layer 24c (hereinafter referred to as a roll-shaped molding product A).
Subsequently, as the adhesive layer 24d, a product produced by adding 0.5 parts of potassium pentafluoroethanesulfonate (C2F5SO3K) to an addition cure-type silicone rubber adhesive (product name: SE1819CV; “Liquid A” and “Liquid B” manufactured by Dow Corning Toray Co., Ltd. are mixed in equal amounts to make up 100 parts) is used, and is uniformly coated on the roll-shaped molding product A to a thickness of 5 μm (hereinafter, referred to as a roll-shaped molding product B).
The releasing layer 24e is produced into a tube shape having a thickness of 50 μm, and PFA (product name: 451HP-J) manufactured by DuPont Company is used.
The fluorine resin tube which is the above-described releasing layer 24e is coated onto the roll-shaped molding product B, and then is subjected to heat curing at a temperature of 200° C. for 4 hours. After that, extra end portions are cut to obtain the pressure roller 24 according to this Example.
The fixing belt 23 including a base layer made of SUS material having a profile of Φ30 mm and a thickness of 30 μm, a silicone rubber elastic layer having a thickness of 250 μm, which is added by alumina filler, formed on the base layer, and a releasing layer formed on the silicone rubber elastic layer by coating PFA having a thickness of 15 μm on the silicone rubber elastic layer is used.
The base layer of the fixing belt 23 is grounded, and positive 600 V is applied to the core metal of the pressure roller.
(Electrostatic Offset Evaluation)
The electrostatic offset was evaluated by the following method. The electrostatic offset was evaluated by assembling the fixing device according to this Example to HP-Laser jet P4515 (A4 60 sheets/minute) which is a laser beam printer (LBP)), and continuously feeding 50 sheets of Neenah Bond 60 g/m2 paper, which were manufactured by Neenah Paper company and were left under circumstances of low temperature and low humidity (15° C./10%), while a halftone image pattern was printed thereon. In addition, as the toner for use in this evaluation, the evaluation was performed by using negative toner having a property to be negatively charged.
The evaluation is classified into the followings.
◯: The electrostatic offset does not occur at all.
Δ: The electrostatic offset rarely, partially occurs.
X: The noticeable electrostatic offset occurs.
(Electric Potential Measurement)
At the above-described electrostatic offset evaluation, surface potential Vp of the pressure roller 24 and surface potential Vb of the fixing belt 23 were measured by a surface potential meter (Model 344) manufactured by TREK JAPAN company. The offset potential was obtained as a potential difference Vo=Vp−Vb. The potential difference Vo is positive, and as a value of the potential difference is large, the force to attract the toner to the recording material P is increased. Therefore, the potential is effective in the electrostatic offset, and it can be determined to be approximately equivalent to the level of the image. For the sake of convenience, the electrostatic offset is classified into three kinds, but it is judged that as the potential difference Vo is large, it is effective in the electrostatic offset.
(Toner Stain)
The toner stain was evaluated by using 75 g/m2 (trade name: X-9) manufactured by Boise Cascade company, of which calcium carbonate was a loading material. In the printing mode in which after 2 sheets of paper was fed by using the above-described LBP and the fixing device according to this Example, and then was left for 10 minutes under circumstances of low temperature and low humidity (15° C./10%), after 5000 sheets of paper was fed, the stain of the pressure roller was evaluated and then was classified into the followings.
⊚: The pressure roller is not stained.
◯: The pressure roller is slightly stained, but the stain does not adhere to the paper.
X: The pressure roller is stained severely, and the stain adheres to the paper.
EXAMPLES 2 AND 3
Examples 2 and 3 are similar to Example 1, except that the contained amount of potassium pentafluoroethanesulfonate (C2F5SO3K) relative to 100 parts of the addition cure-type silicone rubber adhesive of the adhesive layer 24d is changed as indicated in Table 1.
EXAMPLE 4
Example 4 is similar to Example 1, except that a product produced by incorporating 0.5 parts of lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (CF3SO3Li) relative to 100 parts of the addition cure-type silicone rubber adhesive of the adhesive layer 24d, is used.
EXAMPLE 5
Example 5 is similar to Example 1, except that a product produced by incorporating 0.5 parts of 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane-1,3-disulfonic acid dipotassium salt (KO3SCF2CF2CF2SO3K) relative to 100 parts of the addition cure-type silicone rubber adhesive of the adhesive layer 24d, is used.
EXAMPLE 6
Example 6 is similar to Example 1, except that a product produced by incorporating 0.5 parts of bis(heptafluoropropanesulfonyl)imide potassium salt ((C3F7SO2)2NK) relative to 100 parts of the addition cure-type silicone rubber adhesive of the adhesive layer 24d, is used.
EXAMPLE 7
Example 7 is similar to Example 1, except that a product produced by incorporating 0.5 parts of trifluoromethanesulfonamide potassium salt (CF3SO2NHK) relative to 100 parts of the addition cure-type silicone rubber adhesive of the adhesive layer 24d, is used.
EXAMPLES 8 AND 9
Examples 8 and 9 are similar to Example 1, except that the thickness of the adhesive layer 24d is changed as illustrated in Table 1.
EXAMPLE 10
Example 10 is similar to Example 1, except that the pressure roller is not applied with the voltage and the core metal is grounded.
EXAMPLE 11
As illustrated in FIG. 2, two voltage applying circuits 25 and 26 are provided to the fixing device 6, in which one applies a negative voltage of 400 V to the base layer of the fixing belt 23, while the other applies a positive voltage of 600 V to the core metal 24a. In addition, the pressure roller 24 is similar to the one in Example 1.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1
Comparative Example 1 is similar to Example 1, except that a composition of 100 parts of addition cure-type silicone rubber adhesive of the adhesive layer 24d and potassium pentafluoroethane sulfonate (C2F5SO3K) is changed as illustrated in Table 1.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2
The adhesive layer 24d has only addition cure-type silicone rubber adhesive (Product name: SE1819CV; 50 parts Liquid A and 50 parts Liquid B manufactured by Dow Corning Toray Co., Ltd. are mixed with together at a proportion of 1:1). The fixing belt and the pressure roller are grounded without applying the voltage thereto.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 3
Comparative Example 3 is similar to Comparative Example 2, except that a positive voltage of 600 V is applied to the core metal of the pressure roller 24.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 4
Comparative Example 4 is similar to Example 1, except that 3 parts of Ketjen black EC600-JD (product name, manufactured by Lion Corp.) as a conductive carbon black is added to the addition cure-type silicone rubber adhesive (product name: SE1819CV; “Liquid A” and “Liquid B” manufactured by Dow Corning Toray Co., Ltd. are mixed in equal amounts to make up 100 parts) of the adhesive layer 24d, is used.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 5
Comparative Example 5 is similar to Comparative Example 2, except that the fluorine resin tube of the releasing layer 24e has only low-resistant PFA (Product name: C-9068) manufactured by DuPont company.
Evaluations of Examples and Comparative Examples are summarized in Table 1.









TABLE 1









Adhesive layer 24d










Added material
Thickness















Example 1
C2F5SO3K
0.5
parts
5 μm


Example 2
C2F5SO3K
0.005
parts
5 μm


Example 3
C2F5SO3K
3
parts
5 μm


Example 4
CF3SO3Li
0.5
parts
5 μm


Example 5
KO3SCF2CF2CF2SO3K
0.5
parts
5 μm


Example 6
(C3F7SO2)2NK
0.5
parts
5 μm


Example 7
CF3SO2NHK
0.5
parts
5 μm


Example 8
C2F5SO3K
0.5
parts
1 μm


Example 9
C2F5SO3K
0.5
parts
40 μm 


Example 10
C2F5SO3K
0.5
parts
5 μm


Example 11
C2F5SO3K
0.5
parts
5 μm


Comparative
C2F5SO3K
0.001
parts
5 μm


Example 1










Comparative
None
—
5 μm


Example 2


Comparative
None
—
5 μm


Example 3











Comparative
Ketjen black
3
parts
5 μm


Example 4










Comparative
None
—
5 μm


Example 5
















Voltage




Voltage
applied to



Releasing
applied to
pressure



layer 24e
fixing film
roller

















Example 1
Insulative
0 V
+600
V



Example 2
Insulative
0 V
+600
V



Example 3
Insulative
0 V
+600
V



Example 4
Insulative
0 V
+600
V



Example 5
Insulative
0 V
+600
V



Example 6
Insulative
0 V
+600
V



Example 7
Insulative
0 V
+600
V



Example 8
Insulative
0 V
+600
V



Example 9
Insulative
0 V
+600
V



Example 10
Insulative
0 V
0
V



Example 11
Insulative
−400 V   
+600
V



Comparative
Insulative
0 V
+600
V



Example 1



Comparative
Insulative
0 V
0
V



Example 2



Comparative
Insulative
0 V
+600
V



Example 3



Comparative
Insulative
0 V
+600
V



Example 4



Comparative
Low resistive
0 V
0
V



Example 5














Potential













Surface
difference





potential (V)
Vo of

Stain













Fixing
Pressure
offset
Electro-
of



belt
roller
potential
static
pressure



Vb
Vp
(Vp − Vb)
offset
roller





Example 1
98
160
62
◯
◯


Example 2
105
130
25
◯
◯


Example 3
96
172
76
◯
◯


Example 4
95
157
62
◯
◯


Example 5
98
165
67
◯
◯


Example 6
97
157
60
◯
◯


Example 7
101
166
65
◯
◯


Example 8
99
164
65
◯
◯


Example 9
97
170
73
◯
◯


Example 10
102
132
30
◯
◯


Example 11
−221
150
371
◯
⊚


Comparative
108
−30
−138
X
◯


Example 1


Comparative
116
−170
−276
X
◯


Example 2


Comparative
121
−156
−277
X
◯


Example 3


Comparative
111
80
−31
Δ
◯


Example 4


Comparative
−15
10
25
◯
X


Example 5





Electrostatic offset


◯: Electrostatic offset does not occur at all.


Δ: Electrostatic offset very rarely occurs in some parts.


X: Noticeable electrostatic offset occurs.


Stain of pressure roller


⊙: The stain does not occur at all.


◯: Slight stain occurs in the pressure roller, but does not adhere to the paper.


X: The pressure roller is stained severely, and the stain adheres to the paper.






For the configurations of Comparative Example 1 to Comparative Example 3, the stain of the pressure roller is good, but bad electrostatic offset occurs. This is caused by the fact in which it is not possible to suppress the releasing layer 24e of the pressure roller 24 from being negatively charged.
For Comparative Example 1, a potential difference Vo is good as compared with Comparative Examples 2 and 3, but since the content of the monomer electrolyte is small, a good effect cannot be obtained. Furthermore, when Ketjen black is contained in the adhesive layer 24d as in Comparative Example 4, an effect of suppressing electrostatic offset is exhibited in Comparative Example 1 to Comparative Example 3, but electrostatic offset very rarely occurs in some parts.
Furthermore when a low resistance PFA tube is used for the releasing layer 24e as in Comparative Example 5, electrostatic offset does not occur at all, but unsightly stain of the pressure roller occurs, so that the toner adheres onto the paper.
From Example 1 to Example 11, it can be understood that both the electrostatic offset and the stain of the pressure roller have a good result. It can be understood that since the potential difference between the fixing belt 23 and the pressure roller 24 becomes positive, it has a good electrostatic offset from the viewpoint of electrical potential.
For Example 2, Example 3, and Comparative Example 1, it can be understood that the contained amount of potassium pentafluoroethanesulfonate (C2F5SO3K) needs to be 0.005 parts or more.
For Example 1 and Example 4, good effects were obtained also with lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (CF3SO3Li), similarly to the case of potassium trifluoromethanesulfonate (C2F5SO3K).
For Example 5 to Example 7, good results were obtained also with a disulfonic acid, a sulfonimide, and a sulfonamide, similarly to the case of the sulfonic acids.
From Example 8 and Example 9, it can be understood that when the thickness of the adhesive layer 24d is within the range of 1 to 40 μm, a good result is obtained.
From Example 10 and Comparative Example 2, it can be understood that even in the configuration in which the voltage is not applied to the pressure roller 24, the configuration of the present invention has an effect of the electrostatic offset.
From Example 11, it is possible to increase the potential difference Vo by applying the voltage to both the fixing belt 23 and the pressure roller 24 in the state in which there is no stain of the pressure roller. In addition, it is found that it is desirable to apply a voltage to any one of the heating member and the pressure roller in a direction to press the image on the recording material against the recording material.
The voltage applied to the fixing belt 23 and the pressure roller 24 is not limited to Examples, but it can be appropriately set so as to increase the potential difference Vo between the fixing belt 23 and the pressure roller 24.
While the present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. The scope of the following claims is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all modifications, equivalent structures, and functions.
This application claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-018272 filed Jan. 31, 2011, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

## Claims

1. A pressure roller for use in a fixing device, the pressure roller comprising:
a core metal;
an elastic layer;
a releasing layer; and
an adhesive layer configured to cause the elastic layer and the releasing layer to adhere to each other,
wherein the adhesive layer is formed of a silicone rubber and contains monomer electrolyte.

2. The pressure roller according to claim 1, wherein the monomer electrolyte includes a fluorinated surfactant.

3. The pressure roller according to claim 2, wherein the fluorinated surfactant includes a fluoroalkylsulfonic acid derivative.

4. The pressure roller according to claim 3, wherein the fluoroalkylsulfonic acid derivative includes one of sulfonic acid, disulphonic acid, sulfonyl imide, and sulfonamide.

5. The pressure roller according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive layer has a thickness of from 1 μm to 40 μm inclusive.

6. The pressure roller according to claim 1, wherein an amount of the monomer electrolyte added into the silicone rubber is in a range of 0.005 parts to 3 parts relative to 100 parts of the silicone rubber.

7. A fixing device comprising:
a heating member; and
a pressure roller including a core metal, an elastic layer, a releasing layer, and an adhesive layer configured to cause the elastic layer and the releasing layer to adhere to each other, and forming, together with the heating member, a nip portion configured to heat, while pinching and transporting, a recording material carrying a toner image,
wherein the adhesive layer is formed of a silicone rubber and includes monomer electrolyte.

8. The fixing device according to claim 7, further comprising a voltage applying member provided for at least one of the heating member and the pressure roller to apply a voltage to an image on the recording material in a direction to press the image against the recording material.

9. The fixing device according to claim 7, wherein the monomer electrolyte includes a fluorinated surfactant.

10. The fixing device according to claim 9, wherein the fluorinated surfactant includes a fluoroalkylsulfonic acid derivative.

11. The fixing device according to claim 10, wherein the fluoroalkylsulfonic acid derivative includes one of sulfonic acid, disulphonic acid, sulfonyl imide, and sulfonamide.

12. The fixing device according to claim 7, wherein the adhesive layer has a thickness of from 1 μm to 40 μm inclusive.

13. The fixing device according to claim 7, wherein the heating member includes an endless belt.

14. The fixing device according to claim 13, wherein the heating member further includes a heater in contact with an inner surface of the endless belt.

15. The fixing device according to claim 7, wherein an amount of the monomer electrolyte added into the silicone rubber is in a range of 0.005 parts to 3 parts relative to 100 parts of the silicone rubber.

16. A pressure roller for use in a fixing device, the pressure roller comprising:
a core metal;
an elastic layer;
a releasing layer; and
an adhesive layer configured to cause the elastic layer and the releasing layer to adhere to each other,
wherein the adhesive layer contains monomer electrolyte, and
wherein an amount of the monomer electrolyte added into the adhesive layer is in a range of 0.005 parts to 3 parts relative to 100 parts of the adhesive layer.

17. The pressure roller according to claim 16, wherein the monomer electrolyte includes a fluorinated surfactant.

18. The pressure roller according to claim 17, wherein the fluorinated surfactant includes a fluoroalkylsulfonic acid derivative.

19. The pressure roller according to claim 18, wherein the fluoroalkylsulfonic acid derivative includes one of sulfonic acid, disulphonic acid, sulfonyl imide, and sulfonamide.

20. The pressure roller according to claim 16, wherein the adhesive layer has a thickness of from 1 μm to 40 μm inclusive.

21. A fixing device comprising:
a heating member; and
a pressure roller including a core metal, an elastic layer, a releasing layer, and an adhesive layer configured to cause the elastic layer and the releasing layer to adhere to each other, and forming, together with the heating member, a nip portion configured to heat, while pinching and transporting, a recording material carrying a toner image,
wherein the adhesive layer contains monomer electrolyte, and
wherein an amount of the monomer electrolyte added into the adhesive layer is in a range of 0.005 parts to 3 parts relative to 100 parts of the adhesive layer.

22. The fixing device according to claim 21, further comprising a voltage applying member provided for at least one of the heating member and the pressure roller to apply a voltage to an image on the recording material in a direction to press the image against the recording material.

23. The fixing device according to claim 21, wherein the monomer electrolyte includes a fluorinated surfactant.

24. The fixing device according to claim 23, wherein the fluorinated surfactant includes a fluoroalkylsulfonic acid derivative.

25. The fixing device according to claim 24, wherein the fluoroalkylsulfonic acid derivative includes one of sulfonic acid, disulphonic acid, sulfonyl imide, and sulfonamide.

26. The fixing device according to claim 21, wherein the adhesive layer has a thickness of from 1 μm to 40 μm inclusive.

27. The fixing device according to claim 21, wherein the heating member includes an endless belt.

28. The fixing device according to claim 27, wherein the heating member further includes a heater in contact with an inner surface of the endless belt.