United States Department of Labor

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

__________________________________________

L.P., Appellant

and

U.S. POSTAL SERVICE, POST OFFICE, 

Okmulgee, OK, Employer

__________________________________________

)

)

)

)

)

)

)

)

Docket No. 19-1772

Issued: February 19, 2021

Appearances: Case Submitted on the Record

Alan J. Shapiro, Esq., for the appellant1

Office of Solicitor, for the Director

DECISION AND ORDER

Before:

CHRISTOPHER J. GODFREY, Deputy Chief Judge

JANICE B. ASKIN, Judge

PATRICIA H. FITZGERALD, Alternate Judge

JURISDICTION

On August 21, 2019 appellant, through counsel, filed a timely appeal from an August 9, 

2019 merit decision of the Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs (OWCP). Pursuant to the 

Federal Employees’ Compensation Act2(FECA) and 20 C.F.R. §§ 501.2(c) and 501.3, the Board 

has jurisdiction over the merits of this case. 

 

1

In all cases in which a representative has been authorized in a matter before the Board, no claim for a fee for legal 

or other service performed on appeal before the Board is valid unless approved by the Board. 20 C.F.R. § 501.9(e). 

No contract for a stipulated fee or on a contingent fee basis will be approved by the Board. Id. An attorney or 

representative’s collection of a fee without the Board’s approval may constitute a misdemeanor, subject to fine or 

imprisonment for up to one year or both. Id.; see also 18 U.S.C. § 292. Demands for payment of fees to a 

representative, prior to approval by the Board, may be reported to appropriate authorities for investigation.

2 5 U.S.C. § 8101 et seq. 
2

ISSUE

The issue is whether appellant has met her burden of proof to establish a medical condition 

causally related to the accepted November 20, 2012 employment incident.

FACTUAL HISTORY

On November 20, 2012 appellant, then a 52-year-old sales and service distribution 

associate, file a traumatic injury claim (Form CA-1) alleging that she sustained an injury on that 

date when she sneezed hard and kicked her leg outward, causing a popping sensation in her back, 

while in the performance of duty.3 She stopped work on the date of injury. 

On November 20, 2012 the employing establishment executed an authorization for 

examination and/or treatment (Form CA-16).

In November 20, 2012 reports, Dr. Thomas Todd, a physician specializing in emergency 

medicine, noted appellant’s history of multiple lumbar disc bulges with the onset of severe lumbar 

pain after a sneezing episode earlier that day. He diagnosed a lumbar sprain.

In a development letter dated November 29, 2012, OWCP informed appellant of the factual 

and medical deficiencies of her claim. It advised her of the type of evidence necessary to establish 

her claim and provided a questionnaire for her completion regarding the circumstances of the 

injury. OWCP afforded appellant 30 days to respond.

Appellant subsequently submitted a November 29, 2012 report by Dr. David R. Hicks, a 

Board-certified orthopedic surgeon. Dr. Hicks noted treating her for preexisting lumbar 

degenerative disc disease. He reported appellant’s account of increased lumbar pain after sneezing 

on November 20, 2012. Dr. Hicks obtained lumbar x-rays demonstrating multilevel degenerative 

lumbar disc disease. He diagnosed a lumbar strain.

By decision dated January 3, 2013, under File No. xxxxxx420, OWCP denied appellant’s 

claim finding that fact of injury had not been established. 

On January 25, 2013 appellant requested a hearing before a representative of OWCP’s 

Branch of Hearings and Review. The hearing was held on May 13, 2013. During the hearing, 

appellant contended that her November 20, 2012 sneezing episode aggravated her previous 

employment injuries of her lumbar spine. She submitted additional evidence.

A December 6, 2012 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showed multilevel 

degenerative disc disease with a right-sided disc bulge at L4-5 and a left-sided disc protrusion at 

L5-S1.

 

3 Under File No. xxxxxx176, OWCP accepted that appellant sustained a lumbar sprain in the performance of duty 

on November 28, 2007 when she backed into an open safe door. Under File No. xxxxxx344 it accepted that on 

March 27, 2012 she sustained a traumatic lumbar sprain, the degeneration of a lumbar or lumbosacral disc, and sciatica 

when a scale tipped over as she removed a package. On August 7, 2018 OWCP administratively combined File Nos. 

xxxxxx176, xxxxxx344, and xxxxxx420, with xxxxxx420 serving as the master file.
3

In a December 27, 2012 report, Dr. Hicks noted the history of injury and diagnosed a 

lumbar strain. In a January 2, 2013 report, he opined that the accepted March 27, 2012 lumbar 

injury aggravated preexisting lumbar degenerative disc disease. Dr. Hicks returned appellant to 

modified-duty work for four hours a day.

In reports dated from February 4 to April 1, 2013, Dr. Jack E. Weaver, Board-certified in 

family practice, provided a history of the 2007 and March 27, 2012 injuries. He opined that the 

November 2012 sneezing incident worsened appellant’s lumbar pain from the two accepted 

employment injuries and her preexisting disc bulges. Dr. Weaver restricted appellant from work 

beginning April 1, 2013.

By decision dated August 2, 2013, an OWCP hearing representative set aside OWCP’s 

January 3, 2013 decision and remanded the case for a referral for a second opinion examination to 

be followed by the issuance of a de novo decision.

On November 5, 2013 OWCP obtained a second opinion report from Dr. Paul Maitino, a 

Board-certified orthopedic surgeon, who opined that the sneezing incident may have caused a 

lumbar spasm. Dr. Maitino noted in his report that the medical records provided by OWCP lacked 

reports that had been mentioned in the statement of accepted facts (SOAF).

By decision dated December 13, 2013, OWCP denied the claim finding that fact of injury 

had not been established.

On December 30, 2013 appellant, through counsel, requested a hearing before a 

representative of OWCP’s Branch of Hearings and Review. She submitted additional evidence in 

support of her request.

In a note dated October 25, 2013, Dr. Donald E. Adams, a Board-certified physiatrist 

specializing in pain management, noted that he administered an L4-5 transforaminal epidural 

injection on that date. 

In a November 25, 2013 duty status report (Form CA-17), a provider whose signature is 

illegible restricted appellant from work. 

By decision dated June 5, 2014, an OWCP hearing representative set aside OWCP’s 

December 13, 2013 decision and remanded the claim for OWCP to request a supplemental report 

from Dr. Maitino based on the complete medical record and noted that appellant would submit 

additional supportive medical evidence. 

Appellant retired from the employing establishment, effective July 1, 2014. OWCP paid

her wage-loss compensation benefits under File No. xxxxxx344.

In a letter dated July 16, 2014, OWCP requested that appellant submit the additional 

medical evidence referenced in the June 5, 2014 decision. No additional medical evidence was 

received.

By decision dated March 17, 2015, OWCP denied appellant’s claim, finding that she had 

not established an injury causally related to the accepted November 20, 2012 employment incident. 
4

On March 25, 2015 appellant, through counsel, requested a telephonic hearing before a 

representative of OWCP’s Branch of Hearings and Review. 

By decision dated August 19, 2015, OWCP’s hearing representative set aside OWCP’s 

March 17, 2015 decision and remanded the case for OWCP to obtain a supplemental report from

Dr. Maitino, as had been ordered on prior remand.

In a letter dated October 23, 2015, OWCP afforded appellant 30 days to submit additional 

medical records and imaging studies regarding the November 20, 2012 injury. In response, 

appellant submitted an October 1, 2013 report by Dr. Scott C. Robertson, a Board-certified 

neurosurgeon, who provided a history of injury and noted her prior treatment. On examination,

Dr. Robertson noted limited lumbar range of motion and slightly positive bilateral straight leg 

raising tests. He diagnosed degenerative lumbar disc disease, lumbar radiculitis, lumbar stenosis, 

lumbar spondylosis, and lumbar scoliosis. Dr. Robertson opined that these conditions had been 

exacerbated by appellant’s work.4

By decision dated December 15, 2015, OWCP denied the claim, finding that causal 

relationship had not been established. 

On December 28, 2015 appellant, through counsel, requested a telephonic hearing before 

a representative of OWCP’s Branch of Hearings and Review.

By decision dated June 16, 2016, an OWCP hearing representative set aside the 

December 15, 2015 decision and remanded the case for OWCP to obtain a supplemental report 

from Dr. Maitino addressing causal relationship, as had been ordered on prior remands.

OWCP subsequently referred appellant to Dr. Sami Framjee, a Board-certified orthopedic 

surgeon, and provided a SOAF and a copy of the medical record for his review.5 In a January 10, 

2017 report, Dr. Framjee opined that the November 20, 2012 sneezing episode had not caused the 

clinically established disc herniation. 

By decision dated January 24, 2017, OWCP denied appellant’s claim, finding that causal 

relationship had not been established. 

On January 31, 2017 appellant, through counsel, requested a hearing before a 

representative of OWCP’s Branch of Hearings and Review.

 

4 Appellant also submitted imaging and diagnostic study reports. A September 23, 2013 lumbar MRI scan report

demonstrated facet arthropathy from L2 through S1 with neuroforaminal narrowing. An October 24, 2013 

electromyography and nerve conduction velocity (EMG/NCV) study demonstrated chronic bilateral lumbar 

radiculopathy. A September 18, 2015 MRI scan demonstrated a right paracentral disc herniation at L4-5, and a broad 

central disc protrusion at L5-S1.

5 The medical reports submitted to Dr. Framjee with the SOAF contained extraneous remarks on several reports.
5

By decision dated May 25, 2017, OWCP’s hearing representative set aside the January 24, 

2017 decision, finding that the SOAF provided to Dr. Framjee was improper. The hearing 

representative remanded the claim for OWCP to refer appellant to a new second opinion specialist. 

On February 22, 2018 OWCP referred appellant, the medical record, and an updated SOAF 

to Dr. Christopher Jordan, a Board-certified orthopedic surgeon. Dr. Jordan provided a March 12, 

2018 report noting that he had reviewed the SOAF and the medical record. On examination, he 

observed limited lumbar motion in all planes and diffuse paraspinal tenderness on palpation. 

Dr. Jordan opined that while the sneezing episode could have caused an exacerbation of her prior 

injuries, the diagnostic testing did not demonstrate an acute change following the sneezing 

incident. He concluded that there was no anatomic evidence that the sneezes on November 20, 

2012 caused a worsening of her anatomic pathology and that, at most, it could have aggravated 

her prior symptoms for a short period. Dr. Jordan noted her prior injury conditions and noted 

findings of degeneration, which was not work related and would not require further treatment, 

other than a back brace and a structured work hardening program so she could return to sedentary 

work. 

By decision dated March 28, 2018, OWCP denied appellant’s claim, finding that causal 

relationship had not been established.

On April 5, 2018 appellant, through counsel, requested a hearing before a representative of 

OWCP’s Branch of Hearings and Review.

In April 16, 2018 reports, Dr. Emily D. Friedman, a Board-certified neurosurgeon, noted a 

history of the accepted 2007 and 2012 occupational injuries.6 She diagnosed lumbar stenosis, 

lumbosacral spondylosis, and lumbar radiculopathy attributable to the accepted March 27, 2012 

employment injury.7 Dr. Friedman recommended an L4-5 laminectomy or implanted dorsal 

stimulator, however, appellant did not wish to undergo that treatment at that time.

By decision dated August 3, 2018, OWCP’s hearing representative set aside the March 28, 

2018 decision and remanded the case to OWCP to obtain a supplemental opinion from Dr. Jordan.

In an October 2, 2018 supplemental report, Dr. Jordan opined that there was no direct cause 

between the accepted sneezing incident and appellant’s symptoms from her prior lumbar injuries. 

He reiterated that while there could have been an aggravation of her symptoms that would have 

been a temporary aggravation.

By decision dated February 21, 2019, OWCP denied appellant’s claim, finding that causal 

relationship had not been established. It afforded the weight of the medical evidence to

Dr. Jordan’s second opinion. 

 

6 OWCP filed the medical reports in File No. xxxxxx344.

7 An April 16, 2018 lumbar MRI scan under OWCP File No. xxxxxx344 showed multilevel degenerative disc

disease with moderate spinal canal narrowing at L4-5, moderate bilateral lateral recess narrowing, and severe right 

and moderate to severe left neural foraminal narrowing. 
6

On February 27, 2019 appellant, through counsel, requested a telephonic hearing before a 

representative of OWCP’s Branch of Hearings and Review. The hearing was held on 

June 17, 2019. 

By decision dated August 9, 2019, OWCP’s hearing representative denied the claim 

finding that causal relationship had not been established.

LEGAL PRECEDENT

An employee seeking benefits under FECA8 has the burden of proof to establish the 

essential elements of his or her claim, including the fact that the individual is an employee of the 

United States within the meaning of FECA, that the claim was timely filed within the applicable 

time limitation period of FECA,9that an injury was sustained in the performance of duty as alleged, 

and that any disability or medical condition for which compensation is claimed is causally related 

to the employment injury.10 These are the essential elements of each and every compensation 

claim, regardless of whether the claim is predicated upon a traumatic injury or an occupational 

disease.11

To determine whether a claimant sustained a traumatic injury in the performance of duty, 

it must first be determined whether fact of injury has been established.12 Fact of injury consists of 

two components that must be considered in conjunction with one another. First, the employee 

must submit sufficient evidence to establish that he or she actually experienced the employment 

incident at the time, place, and in the manner alleged.13 Second, the employee must submit 

sufficient evidence, generally only in the form of medical evidence, to establish that the 

employment incident caused a personal injury.14

Causal relationship is a medical issue and the medical evidence required to establish causal 

relationship is rationalized medical opinion evidence. The opinion of the physician must be based 

on a complete factual and medical background of the claimant, must be one of reasonable medical 

 

8 Supra note 2.

9 G.L., Docket No. 18-1057 (issued April 14, 2020); S.C., Docket No. 18-1242 (issued March 13, 2019); S.B.,

Docket No. 17-1779 (issued February 7, 2018); J.P., 59 ECAB 178 (2007); Joe D. Cameron, 41 ECAB 153 (1989).

10 J.M., Docket No. 17-0284 (issued February 7, 2018); R.C., 59 ECAB 427 (2008); James E. Chadden, Sr., 40 

ECAB 312 (1988).

11 See J.C., Docket No. 18-1803 (issued April 19, 2019); K.M., Docket No. 15-1660 (issued September 16, 2016); 

L.M., Docket No. 13-1402 (issued February 7, 2014); Delores C. Ellyett, 41 ECAB 992 (1990).

12 G.L., supra note 9; S.S., Docket No. 18-1488 (issued March 11, 2019); T.H., 59 ECAB 388 (2008). 

13 E.M., Docket No. 18-1599 (issued March 7, 2019); Bonnie A. Contreras, 57 ECAB 364 (2006). 

14 M.H., Docket No. 18-1737 (issued March 13, 2019); J.N., Docket No. 18-0675 (issued December 10, 2018); 

E.H., Docket No. 16-1786 (issued January 30, 2017).
7

certainty, and must be supported by medical rationale explaining the nature of the relationship 

between the diagnosed condition and the specific employment incident.15

ANALYSIS

The Board finds that this case is not in posture for decision.

Dr. Jordan, serving as the second opinion examiner, opined in his March 12, 2018 report 

that the November 20, 2012 employment incident could have temporarily aggravated appellant’s 

lumbar conditions, but did not specify the duration and extent of such aggravation. The Board 

finds that as Dr. Jordan indicated that appellant may have sustained a resolved aggravation of an 

underlying condition, this aspect of his opinion requires additional development. 

Additionally, in his October 2, 2018 supplemental report, Dr. Jordan opined that there was 

no “direct cause” between the employment incident and the claimed lumbar condition. However, 

this is not the correct standard of causation. Under FECA, any contribution of work factors to the 

development of a condition renders such condition compensable.16 Given that Dr. Jordan based 

his opinion on an incorrect standard of causation, it requires additional clarification. As OWCP 

undertook development of the evidence by referring appellant to Dr. Jordan, it had the duty to 

secure an appropriate report.17

Accordingly, this case will be remanded to OWCP for clarification from Dr. Jordan as to 

whether there was a new employment-related injury or an employment-related aggravation of 

appellant’s preexisting condition applying the correct standard of causation. If Dr. Jordan is 

unavailable or unwilling to clarify his opinion, OWCP shall refer appellant to a new second opinion 

physician. After this and other such further development as deemed necessary, OWCP shall issue 

a de novo decision. 

CONCLUSION

The Board finds that this case is not in posture for decision.

18

 

15 H.B., Docket No. 18-0781 (issued September 5, 2018). 

16 Beth C. Chaput, 37 ECAB 148 (1985).

17 See D.W., Docket No. 20-0674 (issued September 29, 2020).

18 The case record contains an authorization for examination and/or treatment (Form CA-16) executed by the 

employing establishment on November 20, 2012. The Board notes that where an employing establishment properly 

executes a Form CA-16 which authorizes medical treatment as a result of an employee’s claim for a work-related 

injury, the Form CA-16 creates a contractual obligation, which does not involve the employee directly, to pay for the 

cost of the examination or treatment regardless of the action taken on the claim. See Tracy P. Spillane, 54 ECAB 

608 (2003). The period for which treatment is authorized by a Form CA-16 is limited to 60 days from the date of 

issuance, unless terminated earlier by OWCP. See 20 C.F.R. § 10.300(c).
8

ORDER

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT the August 9, 2019 decision of the Office of 

Workers’ Compensation Programs is set aside and the case is remanded for further proceedings 

consistent with this decision of the Board.19

Issued: February 19, 2021

Washington, DC

Janice B. Askin, Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

Patricia H. Fitzgerald, Alternate Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

 

19 Christopher J. Godfrey, Deputy Chief Judge, who participated in the preparation of the decision, was no longer 

a member of the Board after January 20, 2021.