J-A17032-14

2014 PA Super 217 

 

BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., SUCCESSOR 

BY MERGER TO BAC HOME LOANS 

SERVICING, L.P., F/K/A COUNTRYWIDE 

HOME LOANS SERVICING, L.P. 

IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF 

PENNSYLVANIA 

 Appellee 

v.

MATTHEW J. GIBSON 

 Appellant No. 2472 EDA 2013 

Appeal from the Order entered July 30, 2013 

In the Court of Common Pleas of Chester County 

Civil Division at No: 12-09196-RC

BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., PANELLA, and STABILE, JJ. 

OPINION BY STABILE, J.: Filed: October 2, 2014 

In this mortgage foreclosure action, the trial court entered summary 

judgment in favor of the mortgage holder, Appellee, Bank of America, N.A., 

successor by merger to BAC Home Loans Servicing, L.P., f/k/a Countrywide 

Home Loans Servicing, L.P. (Bank of America). William Gibson, Appellant 

and mortgagor, appeals from that order, arguing that disputed, genuine

issues of material fact exist regarding an assignment of the mortgage, thus 

precluding entry of summary judgment. We affirm. 

On April 26, 2007, Appellant mortgaged the subject property to 

National Bank of Kansas City, the Lender, with Mortgage Electronic Systems 

Inc. (MERS) “acting solely as nominee for Lender and Lender’s successors 

and assigns.” Mortgage ¶ (C). The mortgage stated further: 
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Borrower [i.e., Appellant] understands and agrees that MERS 

holds only legal title to the interests granted by Borrower in this 

Security Instrument, but, if necessary to comply with law or 

custom, MERS (as nominee for Lender and Lender’s successors 

and assigns) has the right: to exercise any or all of those 

interests, including, but not limited to, releasing and cancelling 

this Security Instrument. 

Id. ¶ (Q). Appellant concurrently executed a promissory note in favor of 

National Bank of Kansas City. MERS later assigned the mortgage to 

Countrywide Home Loans, Inc., who then, in turn, assigned the mortgage to

BAC Home Loans Servicing, LP, f/k/a Countrywide Home Loans Servicing, 

LP. Bank of America subsequently subsumed BAC Home Loans Servicing, 

LP, by merger.1

Bank of America filed a complaint in foreclosure against Appellant on 

August 29, 2012. Bank of America pled that it held Appellant’s mortgage, 

and the mortgage was in default. In his answer with new matter, Appellant 

responded with general denials and a claim that he never executed a 

mortgage in favor of MERS. Bank of America moved for summary judgment, 

which the trial court granted. This appeal followed. 

Before this Court, Appellant assigns the following as error: 

____________________________________________ 

1

 In addition to being duly recorded, the mortgage was filed of record in this 

case. See Plaintiff’s Motion for Summary Judgment, 2/13/13, Exhibit A. 

The promissory note is Exhibit A-1. The two assignments, also filed with the 

recorder of deeds, are Exhibits A-2 and A-3. The documents evincing the 

merger of Countrywide Home Loans Servicing, LP, into Bank of America are 

Exhibit A-4.
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Did the trial court commit an error of law in its grant of summary 

judgment when there did not exist a note transfer through the 

chain of loan title to [Bank of America], and the mortgage 

assignment was effectuated by [MERS], and, in doing so, relied 

on inadmissible claimed facts which otherwise created a genuine, 

material issue? 

Appellant’s Brief at 9. Appellant’s argument is two-pronged. First, he claims 

that MERS lacked authority to assign the mortgage. Second, he contends 

that Bank of America does not hold the note securing the mortgage. 

We review an order granting summary judgment for an abuse of 

discretion. Indalex, Inc. v. Nat’l Union Fire Ins. Co. of Pittsburgh, PA, 

83 A.3d 418, 420 (Pa. Super. 2013). Our scope of review is plenary, and we 

view the record in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party. Id. A 

party bearing the burden of proof at trial is entitled to summary judgment 

“whenever there is no genuine issue of any material fact as to a necessary 

element of the cause of action or defense which could be established by 

additional discovery or expert report[.]” Pa.R.C.P. No. 1035.2(1). In 

response to a summary judgment motion, the nonmoving party cannot rest 

upon the pleadings, but rather must set forth specific facts demonstrating a 

genuine issue of material fact. Pa.R.C.P. No. 1035.3. 

The holder of a mortgage has the right, upon default, to bring a

foreclosure action. Cunningham v. McWilliams, 714 A.2d 1054, 1056-57 

(Pa. Super. 1998). The holder of a mortgage is entitled to summary 

judgment if the mortgagor admits that the mortgage is in default, the 

mortgagor has failed to pay on the obligation, and the recorded mortgage is 

in the specified amount. Id. 
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First, we reject Appellant’s contention that MERS lacked the authority 

to assign the mortgage. Appellant cites no persuasive authority in support 

of this contention. The mortgage expressly granted the right to exercise all 

Lender’s interests to MERS. 

Appellant cites three cases that are in accord with his contention. We,

however, find those cases wholly unpersuasive. In In re Agard, 444 B.R. 

231, 250-54 (Bankr. E.D.N.Y. 2011), a federal bankruptcy court—applying 

New York law—held that MERS lacks authority to assign mortgages. On 

appeal, however, a federal district court vacated the bankruptcy court’s 

decision as an unconstitutional advisory opinion.2 See Agard v. Select 

Portfolio Serv’g, Inc., Nos. 11–CV–1826(JS), 11–CV–2366(JS), 2012 WL 

1043690, at *4-5, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 43286, at *11-13 (E.D.N.Y. Mar. 

28, 2012). In In re Wilhelm, 407 B.R. 392, 403-05 (Bankr. D. Idaho 

2009), another bankruptcy court held that purported holders of mortgage 

____________________________________________ 

2

 In his brief, Appellant cites In re Agard as having been “vacated on other 

grounds.” Appellant’s Brief at 13. That assertion is incorrect. See Agard, 

2012 WL 1043690, at *4, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 43286 at *12 (“[The 

bankruptcy judge’s] conclusion—that MERS did not have authority to assign 

the Mortgage—had no effect on the parties or the bankruptcy. Accordingly, 

this portion of the Stay Order constitutes an unconstitutional advisory 

opinion and must be vacated.”) (paragraph break omitted). In addition, at 

least one New York trial court has disavowed In re Agard’s reading of state 

law. See Deutsche Bank Nat’l Tr. Co. v. Pietranico, 928 N.Y.S.2d 818, 

835-36 (Sup. Ct. Suffolk County), aff’d, 957 N.Y.S.2d 868 (App. Div. 2d 

Dep. 2013). 
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notes lacked standing to move for relief from a bankruptcy stay, because the 

mortgage notes did not grant MERS the power to assign under Idaho law. 

In re Wilhelm, however, involved non-judicial foreclosures, and the Idaho 

Supreme Court subsequently held that a trustee need not prove standing 

under Idaho law prior to initiating a non-judicial foreclosure proceeding. 

See Trotter v. Bank of N.Y. Mellon, 275 P.3d 857, 861-62 (Idaho 2012). 

The third case, Bain v. Metro. Mortgage Group, Inc., 285 P.3d 34, 41-47 

(Wash. 2010), concerned whether MERS can be a beneficiary under 

Washington’s Deed of Trust Act.

Appellant’s other cases concern MERS’ ability to maintain a private 

recording system—not its authority to assign mortgages under Pennsylvania 

law. See MERSCORP, Inc. v. Romaine, 861 N.E.2d 81, 82, 85 (N.Y. 

2006) (holding that New York county clerks are required to record and index 

mortgages and assignments listing MERS as the lender’s nominee or 

mortgagee of record); Montgomery County, Pa. Recorder of Deeds v. 

MERSCORP, Inc., 298 F.R.D. 202 (E.D. Pa. 2014) (granting class action 

status to Pennsylvania’s recorders of deeds seeking to compel MERS to 

judicially record all mortgage assignments on MERS’ private recording

system).3 

____________________________________________ 

3

In a subsequent reported opinion, the district court denied MERS’ motion 

for summary judgment. Montgomery County, --- F. Supp. 2d ---, 2014 

WL 1608394, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 55436 (E.D. Pa. Apr. 22, 2014). In a 

second reported opinion, the district court granted in part the recorders’ 

(Footnote Continued Next Page) 
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We find one of our own decisions, MERS v. Ralich, 982 A.2d 77 (Pa. 

Super. 2009), to be instructive. In Ralich, the mortgagors attempted to 

forestall a sheriff’s sale by arguing, inter alia, that MERS lacked the authority 

to foreclose. Construing a mortgage with language identical to the mortgage 

in this case, we held that the mortgage clearly gave MERS, as nominee, the 

authority to enforce the loan. We reach the same result here. Appellant’s 

mortgage granted MERS the right to exercise “any and all” interests 

incidental to legal title. Those interests include the ability to assign the 

mortgage. 

Finally, we are persuaded by the fact that Appellant made payments 

on his mortgage to Bank of America until his default. Only after Bank of 

America began foreclosure proceedings did Appellant contend that the 

mortgagee to whom he had been making payments was operating under an 

improperly transferred mortgage. 

We next turn to Appellant’s contention that Bank of America’s note is 

“endorsed without date and not in favor of [Bank of America] as required.” 

Appellant’s Brief at 13. The law is inapposite. 

(Footnote Continued) _______________________ 

motion for summary judgment and held that MERS must record its 

mortgages and assignments in county recording offices. Montgomery 

County, --- F. Supp. 2d ---, 2014 WL 2957494, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 

89222 (E.D. Pa. July 1, 2014). 

We note that the two assignments at issue in this case were recorded with 

the Chester County Recorder of Deeds. See supra, note 1. 
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Under the Pennsylvania Uniform Commercial Code (PUCC), the note 

securing a mortgage is a negotiable instrument. J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, 

N.A. v. Murray, 63 A.3d 1258 (Pa. Super. 2013). A note endorsed in blank 

is a “bearer note,” payable to anyone on demand regardless of who

previously held the note. 13 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3109(a), 3301. The note in this 

case, therefore, is an unconditional promise by Appellant to pay a fixed 

amount of money to Bank of America, with interest, at a definite time. The 

record in this case clearly shows that Bank of America holds the note, and 

therefore the mortgage. Appellant failed to put forth any evidence or legal 

authority to the contrary. Instead he cited only general definition sections of 

the PUCC and the section concerning lost or stolen instruments, which is 

inapplicable. See Appellant’s Brief at 13 (citing 13 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 1201(21), 

9109(a)(3), and 3309). 

Finally, Appellant argues the entry of summary judgment violated the 

rule of Nanty-Glo v. American Surety Co., 163 A. 523 (Pa. 1932), 

because the trial court relied on an affidavit that was inadmissible hearsay.4 

We agree with Bank of America that the Nanty-Glo rule is inapplicable 

here.5 Nanty-Glo prohibits entry of summary judgment based on the 

____________________________________________ 

4

 We could consider this argument waived, because Appellant failed to 

include it in his concise statement of errors complained of on appeal. See

Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(4)(vii). 

5

 In its brief, Bank of America cites an unreported memorandum decision of 

this Court. See Appellee’s Brief at 21 (citing and quoting Bank of Am., 

(Footnote Continued Next Page) 
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moving party’s oral testimony. See Sherman v. Franklin Regional Med. 

Ctr., 660 A.2d 1370, 1372 (Pa. Super. 1995). “An exception to this rule 

exists, however, where the moving party supports the motion by using 

admissions of the opposing party . . . .” Id. Admissions include facts 

admitted in pleadings. Durkin v. Equine Clinics, Inc., 546 A.2d 665, 670 

(Pa. Super. 1988). 

As noted above, Appellant responded with general denials to the 

material portions of Bank of America’s complaint. General denials constitute 

admissions where—like here—specific denials are required. See Pa.R.C.P. 

No. 1029(b). Furthermore, “in mortgage foreclosure actions, general denials 

by mortgagors that they are without information sufficient to form a belief as 

to the truth of averments as to the principal and interest owing [on the 

mortgage] must be considered an admission of those facts.” First Wis. Tr. 

Co. v. Strausser, 653 A.2d 688, 692 (Pa. Super. 1995); see Pa.R.C.P. No. 

1029(c) Note. By his ineffective denials and improper claims of lack of 

knowledge, Appellant admitted the material allegations of the complaint, 

which permitted the trial court to enter summary judgment on those 

admissions. Finally, insofar as Appellant contends that the affidavit 

(Footnote Continued) _______________________ 

N.A. v. Rogers, 4 A.3d 670 (Pa. Super. 2010) (unpublished 

memorandum)). We remind Bank of America that this Court’s Internal 

Operating Procedures prohibit parties from citing unpublished memorandum 

decisions except in limited circumstances not present here. 210 Pa. Code 

§ 65.37(A). 
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constitutes hearsay, we agree with Bank of America that the referenced loan 

history documents are records of regularly conducted activity, or business 

records, and would be admissible at trial with proper foundation. See

Pa.R.E. 803(6); 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6108.

In sum, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in granting Bank of 

America’s motion for summary judgment.

Order affirmed. 

Judgment Entered. 

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. 

Prothonotary 

Date: 10/2/2014