NOT FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

ROBERT D. BOYDSTUN IV, 

Plaintiff-Appellant, 

 v. 

U.S. BANK, DBA Elan Financial Services, 

Defendant-Appellee.

No. 16-35523 

D.C. No. 3:11-cv-00429-HZ 

MEMORANDUM*

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the District of Oregon

Marco A. Hernandez, District Judge, Presiding

Argued and Submitted May 18, 2018

Portland, Oregon

Before: McKEOWN and PAEZ, Circuit Judges, and LASNIK,** District Judge.

Robert D. Boydstun, IV appeals the district court’s judgment in favor of 

U.S. Bank in this Fair Credit Reporting Act (“FCRA”) case. On appeal, he 

challenges the district court’s decision to exclude as irrelevant all evidence of 

damages stemming from the denial of an equipment loan to Boydstun’s company, 

 

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent 

except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

** The Honorable Robert S. Lasnik, United States District Judge for the 

Western District of Washington, sitting by designation.

FILED

JUN 7 2018

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
2 

Miranda Homes, including the expert report and testimony of Greg Mettler, an 

appraisal expert. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and review 

the district court’s evidentiary determinations for abuse of discretion. See Calmat 

Co. v. U.S. Dep’t of Labor, 364 F.3d 1117, 1122 (9th Cir. 2004). We review the 

district court’s interpretation of the FCRA de novo. See Miranda v. Anchondo, 

684 F.3d 844, 849 (9th Cir. 2012). We affirm. 

“While the FCRA expressly provides for ‘actual damages’ for a negligent or 

willful violation, [15 U.S.C.] §§ 1681n and 1681o also expressly provide that a 

violator is liable ‘to that consumer.’” Johnson v. Wells Fargo Home Mortg., Inc., 

558 F. Supp. 2d 1114, 1122 (D. Nev. 2008). “In other words, Plaintiff must show 

Defendant’s violation resulted in damages to Plaintiff as a consumer.” Id. at 

1122–23 (emphasis added). A consumer, in turn, is defined by the FCRA as an 

individual—not a corporate entity. See 15 U.S.C. § 1681a(c). 

Miranda Homes’ ultimately unsuccessful application for a forklift loan falls 

well outside the FCRA’s purview because Miranda Homes is a corporation and not 

a consumer. The FCRA establishes that a consumer report refers to “any written . . 

. communication of any information by a credit reporting agency bearing on a 

consumer’s credit worthiness . . . which is used or expected to be used or collected 

in whole or in part for the purpose of serving as a factor in establishing the 

consumer’s eligibility” for various authorized purposes. 15 U.S.C. § 1681(d)(1) 
3 

(emphases added). It is clear that although Boydstun’s credit report was consulted 

as part of the lender’s second review of Miranda Homes’ loan application, his 

report was used only to assess Miranda Homes’ eligibility for a loan for company 

equipment—and not to establish Boydstun’s personal eligibility for anything. In 

other words, Citi Capital’s decision to consult Boydstun’s credit report based on 

his status as the owner of Miranda Homes did not transform Miranda Homes’ nonconsumer application for a forklift loan into Boydstun’s consumer application for a 

forklift loan.

Nor has Boydstun presented any evidence or argument that the agency that 

prepared Boydstun’s report for Citi Capital was misled into thinking or otherwise 

expected that the report would be used to establish Boydstun’s personal eligibility 

for a loan. See Comeaux v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Co., 915 F.2d 1264, 

1273–74 (9th Cir. 1990). 

Dennis v. BEH-1, LLC, 520 F.3d 1066 (9th Cir. 2008) does not counsel in 

favor of a different outcome where, as here, the plaintiff successfully started a 

business and that business was denied a loan on the basis of its own credit as well 

as that of its owner’s. Accordingly, the district court did not abuse its discretion 

when it excluded all evidence of damages stemming from Miranda Homes’ failed 

application for a forklift loan. See Fed. R. Evid. 401. 

AFFIRMED.