United States Department of Labor

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

__________________________________________

D.N., Appellant

and

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, OFFICE OF 

THE INPSECTOR GENERAL, Alexandria, VA, 

Employer

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Docket No. 19-1344

Issued: November 6, 2020

Appearances: Case Submitted on the Record

Appellant, pro se

Office of Solicitor, for the Director

DECISION AND ORDER

Before:

ALEC J. KOROMILAS, Chief Judge

PATRICIA H. FITZGERALD, Alternate Judge

VALERIE D. EVANS-HARRELL, Alternate Judge

JURISDICTION

On June 4, 2019 appellant filed a timely appeal from a December 6, 2018 merit decision 

of the Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs (OWCP).1 Pursuant to the Federal Employees’

Compensation Act2(FECA) and 20 C.F.R. §§ 501.2(c) and 501.3, the Board has jurisdiction to 

consider the merits of this case.3 

 

1 Appellant timely requested oral argument pursuant to section 501.5(b) of the Board’s Rules of Procedure. 

20 C.F.R. § 501.5(b). By order dated June 1, 2020, the Board exercised its discretion and denied the request, finding 

that the arguments on appeal could adequately be addressed based on the case record. Order Denying Request for 

Oral Argument, Docket No. 19-1344 (issued June 1, 2020). The Board’s Rules of Procedure provides that any appeal 

in which a request for oral argument is not granted by the Board will proceed to a decision based on the case record 

and any pleadings submitted. 20 C.F.R. § 501.5(b).

2 5 U.S.C. § 8101 et seq. 

3 The Board notes that, following the December 6, 2018 decision, OWCP received additional evidence. However, 

the Board’s Rules of Procedure provides: “The Board’s review of a case is limited to the evidence in the case record 

that was before OWCP at the time of its final decision. Evidence not before OWCP will not be considered by the 

Board for the first time on appeal.” 20 C.F.R. § 501.2(c)(1). Thus, the Board is precluded from reviewing this 

additional evidence for the first time on appeal. Id.
2

ISSUE

The issue is whether appellant has met his burden of proof to establish disability from work 

commencing March 7, 2018 and continuing causally related to his accepted June 29, 2016 

employment injuries.

FACTUAL HISTORY

On July 29, 2016 appellant, then a 41-year-old investigator, filed a traumatic injury claim 

(Form CA-1) alleging that on June 29, 2016 he sustained injuries to his head, neck, back, feet, and 

ankles when a table he was leaning on collapsed, causing him to fall while in the performance of 

duty. He stopped work on June 30, 2016. OWCP accepted that appellant sustained contusions of 

the lower back, pelvis, right hip, scalp, and right rear wall of the thorax; a left sciatic nerve injury 

at hip level; lumbosacral intervertebral disc displacement; and cervical radiculopathy. It paid him

wage-loss compensation for work absences commencing October 11, 2016. 

Dr. Jennifer Mills, an attending Board-certified internist, held appellant off work beginning 

June 30, 2016. She submitted periodic reports diagnosing lumbar radiculopathy and progression 

of a C3-4 retrolisthesis attributable to the June 29, 2016 employment incident. 

Appellant returned to work on October 11, 2016 for four hours a day, with an increase to 

six hours a day on November 1, 2016. 

In a November 29, 2016 report, Dr. Mills returned appellant to full-time work, effective

December 5, 2016. She noted that he required an ergonomic monitor, keyboard, lumbar support, 

leg support, a standing desk, and parking accommodations. 

On December 5, 2016 appellant returned to full-time modified-duty work.4

In a November 1, 2017 report, Dr. David P. Sniezek, a Board-certified physiatrist, noted 

that appellant ambulated with a cane and had an antalgic gait. On examination, he found paraspinal 

lumbar spam, restricted cervical and lumbar motion, and swelling and crepitation of the right knee. 

In a November 7, 2017 prescription note, Dr. Sniezek diagnosed left-sided sciatica and prescribed 

physical therapy. 

In a November 22, 2017 report, Dr. Sniezek diagnosed left-sided lumbar sciatica; low back 

pain; cervical spine sprain; segmental and somatic dysfunction of the cervical, lumbar, and sacral 

areas of the spine; chondromalacia of the right knee; and generalized myalgia. He submitted 

periodic reports through February 6, 2018 noting appellant’s ongoing symptoms. 

In a January 26, 2018 report, Dr. Mills noted that appellant continued to require work 

accommodations, including telework, flexible scheduling, ergonomic worksite adaptations, and 

rest breaks. 

Appellant stopped work on March 7, 2018. He alleged that the employing establishment 

denied the accommodations prescribed by Dr. Sniezek and Dr. Mills. 

 

4 Appellant participated in physical therapy treatments from December 5, 2016 to May 4, 2017. 
3

In a March 9, 2018 note, Dr. Sniezek noted that on March 7, 2018 appellant was absent 

from work for three hours “due to exacerbation of [appellant’s] neck and lower back condition.” 

In a report dated March 13, 2018, he opined that appellant’s return to work exacerbated the 

accepted conditions. Dr. Sniezek held appellant off work. 

In a report dated March 15, 2018, Dr. Mills opined that appellant’s recent return to work 

had exacerbated his accepted conditions. She indicated that the employing establishment had 

refused appellant’s request for accommodations. 

Dr. Sniezek provided examination reports dated March 30 and April 5, 13, 19, 26, 27, and 

28, 2018 noting appellant’s continued cervicalgia, lumbar sciatica, lumbar pain, and right knee 

pain. He treated appellant with osteopathic manipulation and related modalities. 

On April 27, 2018 appellant filed claims for compensation (Form CA-7) for the periods 

March 4 to 31, 2018 and April 15 to 28, 2018. In support of these claims, he provided time analysis 

forms (Form CA-7a) for 2.5 hours of leave without pay (LWOP) used on March 7, 2018 eight 

hours of LWOP used on March 9, 13, 14, 15, and 16, 2018; and eight hours of LWOP used on 

each workday from March 19 through April 27, 2018. 

In a development letter dated May 15, 2018, OWCP requested that appellant submit 

additional information to support his claim for compensation for total disability from work 

commencing March 4, 2018, including medical evidence establishing that he was disabled during 

the claimed period as a result of his accepted employment injuries. It afforded him 30 days to 

submit the requested evidence. 

On June 5, 2018 OWCP obtained a second opinion from Dr. Easton Manderson, a Boardcertified orthopedic surgeon, on the nature and extent of the accepted conditions and whether work 

restrictions remained necessary. Dr. Manderson reviewed the medical record and a statement of 

accepted facts (SOAF). The SOAF specified that appellant had returned to full-time work on 

December 5, 2016. Dr. Manderson noted that appellant had returned to full duty in 

December 2016 in his date-of-injury position. On examination, he found no current diagnosis 

causally related to the accepted injuries. Dr. Manderson opined that chondromalacia of the right 

patella was not related to the accepted injuries, which were mild and should have resolved without 

symptoms. He recommended that appellant be issued a chair with a lumbar support. 

Appellant provided a June 15, 2018 statement, alleging that the employing establishment 

forced him to exceed his medical restrictions when he returned to work on “March 5, 2018.” 

Appellant also submitted a June 14, 2018 report by Dr. Sniezek asserting that appellant had 

not returned to his date-of-injury position. He related that, in December 2016 appellant worked 

from home and from February 2017 to March 2018, appellant was assigned to an educational 

fellowship. Dr. Sniezek opined that appellant aggravated the accepted conditions at work on 

March 5 and 6, 2018, when management required appellant to lift heavy boxes of his belongings 

while setting up his new cubicle. 

By decision dated June 22, 2018, OWCP denied appellant’s claim for compensation for 

disability commencing March 7, 2018. It found that the medical evidence of record was 

insufficient to establish work-related disability during the claimed periods. 
4

On June 20, 2018 appellant filed additional Form CA-7 claims for compensation for the 

period April 29 to June 6, 2018. Accompanying Form CA-7a time analysis forms reported eight 

hours of LWOP used on each workday from April 30 to June 6, 2018. 

OWCP received progress notes from Dr. Sniezek dated June 4, 7, 12, 15, and 29, 2018. 

On July 11, 2018 the employing establishment offered appellant a light-duty position 

within the restrictions given by Dr. Manderson. Appellant declined the job offer on July 17, 2018. 

On July 23, 2018 appellant requested a telephonic hearing before a representative of 

OWCP’s Branch of Hearings and Review with regard to the June 22, 2018 decision. 

Appellant thereafter submitted July 26 and 31, 2018 statements alleging a pattern of 

harassment and malfeasance by OWCP and the employing establishment in the processing of his 

claim. 

Dr. Sniezek provided an August 17, 2018 medical note holding appellant off work. 

By decision dated October 16, 2018, OWCP’s hearing representative vacated the decision 

and remanded the claim to obtain additional information from the employing establishment 

regarding the offered position. The hearing representative also requested clarification from

Dr. Manderson regarding whether appellant’s work activities on March 5 and 6, 2018 aggravated 

the accepted conditions. 

On remand, OWCP received an October 29, 2018 statement by R.H., an employing 

establishment supervisor, who noted that appellant reported for duty on March 5, 2018. The 

belongings from appellant’s prior office had been removed from storage and placed in his cubicle. 

He requested to postpone unpacking as he was wearing a suit and had not yet eaten lunch. R.H. 

permitted appellant to delay setting up his workspace until March 6, 2018. On March 6, 2018

appellant was observed typing on his laptop in an empty conference room. He did not unpack his 

belongings. Appellant did not return to the office after March 6, 2018. 

In a December 5, 2018 supplemental report, Dr. Manderson noted that Dr. Sniezek did not 

report objective evidence of cervical or lumbar radiculopathy, and that the accepted conditions had 

resolved without residuals. He opined that appellant was able to perform full-time sedentary work 

if appellant utilized a chair with lumbar support. 

By decision dated December 6, 2018, OWCP denied appellant’s claims for wage-loss 

compensation for the period March 7, 2018 and continuing, based on Dr. Manderson’s opinion as 

the weight of the medical evidence. 

LEGAL PRECEDENT

An employee seeking benefits under FECA has the burden of proof to establish the 

essential elements of his or her claim by the preponderance of the evidence.5 For each period of 

 

5 A.V., Docket No. 19-1575 (issued June 11, 2020); see B.O., Docket No. 19-0392 (issued July 12, 2019); D.W., 

Docket No. 18-0644 (issued November 15, 2018); Amelia S. Jefferson, 57 ECAB 183 (2005); see also Nathaniel 

Milton, 37 ECAB 712 (1986).
5

disability claimed, the employee has the burden of proof to establish that he or she was disabled 

from work as a result of the accepted employment injury.6 Whether a particular injury causes an 

employee to become disabled from work, and the duration of that disability, are medical issues 

which must be proven by the preponderance of the reliable, probative, and substantial medical 

evidence.7

Under FECA the term “disability” means the incapacity, because of an employment injury, 

to earn the wages that the employee was receiving at the time of injury.8 Disability is thus not 

synonymous with physical impairment, which may or may not result in an incapacity to earn

wages. An employee who has a physical impairment causally related to a federal employment 

injury, but who nevertheless has the capacity to earn the wages he or she was receiving at the time 

of injury, has no disability as that term is used in FECA.9

Causal relationship is a medical issue and the medical evidence required to establish causal 

relationship is rationalized medical evidence.10 Rationalized medical evidence is medical evidence 

which includes a physician’s detailed medical opinion on the issue of whether there is a causal 

relationship between the claimant’s claimed disability and the accepted employment injury. The 

opinion of the physician must be based on a complete factual and medical background of the 

claimant, must be one of reasonable medical certainty, and must be supported by medical rationale 

explaining the nature of the relationship between the diagnosed condition and the claimed period 

of disability.11

The Board will not require OWCP to pay compensation for disability in the absence of

medical evidence directly addressing the specific dates of disability for which compensation is 

claimed. To do so would essentially allow an employee to self-certify his or her disability and 

entitlement to compensation.12

The Board has interpreted section 8103, which requires payment of expenses incidental to 

the securing of medical services, as authorizing payment for loss of wages incurred while obtaining 

medical services.13 An employee is entitled to disability compensation for any loss of wages 

incurred during the time he or she receives authorized treatment and for loss of wages for time 

spent incidental to such treatment. The rationale for this entitlement is that, during such required 

 

6

Id.; William A. Archer, 55 ECAB 674 (2004).

7 20 C.F.R. § 10.5(f); B.O., supra note 5; N.M., Docket No. 18-0939 (issued December 6, 2018). 

8

Id. at § 10.5(f); see B.K., Docket No. 18-0386 (issued September 14, 2018); S.M., 58 ECAB 166 (2006); Bobbie F. 

Cowart, 55 ECAB 746 (2004).

9

Id.

10 J.M., Docket No. 19-0478 (issued August 9, 2019).

11 R.H., Docket No. 18-1382 (issued February 14, 2019).

12 M.A., Docket No. 20-0033 (issued May 11, 2020); A.W., Docket No. 18-0589 (issued May 14, 2019).

13 A.V., supra note 5; Y.H., Docket No. 17-1303 (issued March 13, 2018).
6

examinations and treatment and during the time incidental to undergoing such treatment, an 

employee did not receive his or her regular pay.14

Section 8123(a) of FECA provides that, if there is a disagreement between the physician 

making the examination for the United States and the physician of an employee, the Secretary shall 

appoint a third physician (known as a referee physician or impartial medical specialist) who shall 

make an examination.15 This is called a referee examination and OWCP will select a physician 

who is qualified in the appropriate specialty and who has no prior connection with the case.16 

When there exist opposing medical reports of virtually equal weight and rationale and the case is 

referred to an impartial medical specialist for the purpose of resolving the conflict, the opinion of 

such specialist, if sufficiently well rationalized and based upon a proper factual background, must 

be given special weight.17

ANALYSIS

The Board finds that appellant has met his burden of proof to establish entitlement to wageloss compensation for up to four hours of time lost for medical appointments on March 9, 13, and 

30; April 5, 13, 19, 26, 27, and 28; June 4, 7, 12, 15, and 29; and August 17, 2018. On those dates, 

appellant attended medical appointments with Dr. Sniezek for treatment of his accepted cervical 

and lumbar spine injuries. As noted above, an employee is entitled to disability compensation for 

any loss of wages incurred during the time he or she receives authorized treatment and for loss of 

wages for time spent incidental to such treatment. For a routine medical appointment, a maximum 

of four hours of compensation for time lost to obtain medical treatment is usually allowed.18 Here, 

appellant underwent evaluation and treatment for musculoskeletal complaints related to his 

accepted June 29, 2016 injuries on March 9, 13, and 20, April 5, 13, 19, 26, 27, and 28, June 4, 7, 

12, 15, and 29, and August 17, 2018. The Board thus finds that the medial evidence of record is 

sufficient to establish that he is entitled to up to four hours of wage-loss compensation on those 

dates. 

The Board further finds that the case is not in posture for decision regarding the remainder 

of the claimed period of disability. 

Dr. Sniezek provided reports from March 9 to August 17, 2018, holding appellant off from 

work due to an exacerbation of the accepted cervical and lumbar spine injuries with objective signs 

of lumbar radiculopathy. In contrast, Dr. Manderson, a second opinion physician, opined in June 5 

 

14 For a routine medical appointment, a maximum of four hours of compensation for time lost to obtain medical 

treatment is usually allowed. See Federal (FECA) Procedure Manual, Part 2 -- Claims, Compensation Claims, Chapter 

2.901.19(c) (February 2013); A.V., supra note 5. See also K.A., Docket No. 19-0679 (issued April 6, 2020); William A. 

Archer, 55 ECAB 674 (2004).

15 5 U.S.C. § 8123(a); K.C., Docket No. 19-0137 (issued May 29, 2020); M.W., Docket No. 19-1347 (issued 

December 5, 2019); C.T., Docket No. 19-0508 (issued September 5 2019); R.S., Docket No. 10-1704 (issued May 13, 

2011); S.T., Docket No. 08-1675 (issued May 4, 2009).

16 20 C.F.R. § 10.321.

17 K.C., supra note 15; M.W., supra note 15; C.T., supra note 15; Darlene R. Kennedy, 57 ECAB 414 (2006); 

Gloria J. Godfrey, 52 ECAB 486 (2001).

18 Supra note 14.
7

and October 29, 2018 reports that appellant had no objective residuals of the accepted injuries and 

could perform full-time work if given a chair with lumbar support. The Board finds that there is 

an unresolved conflict of medical opinion between Dr. Sniezek, for appellant, and Dr. Manderson, 

for the government, regarding whether appellant was totally disabled for work on and after 

March 7, 2018. 

OWCP’s regulations provide that, if a conflict exists between the medical opinion of the 

employee’s physician and the medical opinion of either a second opinion physician or an OWCP 

medical adviser, OWCP shall appoint a third physician to make an examination.19 The Board will 

thus remand the case to OWCP for referral to an impartial medical examiner regarding whether 

appellant has met his burden of proof to establish disability for work on and after March 7, 2018.20 

Following this and any such further development as may be deemed necessary, OWCP shall issue 

a de novo decision.

CONCLUSION

The Board finds that appellant has met his burden of proof to establish entitlement to wageloss compensation for up to four hours of time lost for medical appointments on March 9, 13, and 

30; April 5, 13, 19, 26, 27, and 28; June 4, 7, 12, 15, and 29; and August 17, 2018. The Board 

further finds that the case is not in posture for decision with regard to whether appellant has met 

his burden of proof regarding the remainder of the claimed period of disability. 

 

19 5 U.S.C. § 8123(a); K.C., supra note 15; M.W., supra note 15.

20 Id.
8

ORDER

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT the December 6, 2018 decision of the Office of 

Workers’ Compensation Programs is reversed in part and set aside in part. The case is remanded 

for further proceedings consistent with this decision of the Board.

Issued: November 6, 2020

Washington, DC

Alec J. Koromilas, Chief Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

Patricia H. Fitzgerald, Alternate Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

Valerie D. Evans-Harrell, Alternate Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board