United States Department of Labor

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

__________________________________________

K.D., widow of L.D., Appellant

and

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, 

FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, 

Aurora, IL, Employer

__________________________________________

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Docket No. 22-0485

Issued: December 6, 2022

Appearances: Case Submitted on the Record

Daniel M. Goodkin, Esq., for the appellant1

Office of Solicitor, for the Director

DECISION AND ORDER

Before:

ALEC J. KOROMILAS, Chief Judge

PATRICIA H. FITZGERALD, Deputy Chief Judge

VALERIE D. EVANS-HARRELL, Alternate Judge

JURISDICTION

On February 16, 2022 appellant, through counsel, filed a timely appeal from a January 10, 

2022 merit decision of the Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs (OWCP). Pursuant to the 

Federal Employees’ Compensation Act2(FECA) and 20 C.F.R. §§ 501.2(c) and 501.3, the Board 

has jurisdiction over the merits of this case.

1

In all cases in which a representative has been authorized in a matter before the Board, no claim for a fee for legal 

or other service performed on appeal before the Board is valid unless approved by the Board. 20 C.F.R. § 501.9(e). 

No contract for a stipulated fee or on a contingent fee basis will be approved by the Board. Id. An attorney or 

representative’s collection of a fee without the Board’s approval may constitute a misdemeanor, subject to fine or 

imprisonment for up to one year or both. Id.; see also 18 U.S.C. § 292. Demands for payment of fees to a 

representative, prior to approval by the Board, may be reported to appropriate authorities for investigation.

2

5 U.S.C. § 8101 et seq.
2

ISSUE

The issue is whether appellant has met her burden of proof to modify the employee’s 

December 16, 1998 loss of wage-earning capacity (LWEC).

FACTUAL HISTORY

This case has previously been before the Board.

3

 The facts and circumstances of the case 

as set forth in the Board’s prior decisions are incorporated herein by reference. The relevant facts 

are as follows.

In October 1972 OWCP accepted that the employee, then a 31-year-old air traffic 

controller, sustained an unspecified anxiety state due to factors of his federal employment, 

including a September 2, 1972 incident in the air traffic controller tower. It paid him wage-loss 

compensation for periods of disability from work.

Through a vocational rehabilitation program sponsored by OWCP, the employee graduated 

from Palmer College of Chiropractic on June 14, 1985. He passed his board examination in Iowa 

on February 2, 1986 and opened his office in Eldridge, Iowa, as a self-employed chiropractor on 

August 17, 1986.

By decision dated December 16, 1998, OWCP adjusted the employee’s compensation 

based on its determination that he was capable of earning wages in the constructed position of 

associate chiropractor. It found that the constructed position of associate chiropractor had wages 

of $36,644.69 per year and had been shown by a labor market survey to have been reasonably 

available in the employee’s commuting area. OWCP determined that the position represented the 

employee’s wage-earning capacity as of January 1, 1992.4

The employee appealed to the Board and, by decision dated May 23, 2001,5the Board 

affirmed OWCP’s December 16, 1998 LWEC determination. 

In a letter dated October 21, 2004, the employee requested reconsideration. He argued

that OWCP had not taken into consideration factors enumerated under 5 U.S.C. § 8115(a). 

The employee submitted an October 9, 2002 report from Dr. Sofia Donskaya, a Board-certified 

psychiatrist, in which she diagnosed major depressive disorder and chronic post-traumatic stress 

disorder (PTSD). In a report dated November 23, 2003, Dr. Michael Jones, a clinical 

psychologist, noted that the employee was first evaluated in 1997 with a long history of

3 Docket No. 90-540 (issued September 27, 1990); Docket No. 93-92 (issued November 5, 1993); Docket No. 96-

1843 (issued September 9, 1998); Docket No. 99-1454 (issued May 23, 2001); Docket No. 09-1057 (issued 

May 24, 2010).

4 The associate chiropractor position required lifting up to 50 pounds maximum with frequent lifting and/or carrying 

of objects weighing up to 25 pounds. It also required the ability to reach, handle, finger, and/or feel.

5 Docket No. 99-1454 (issued May 23, 2001).
3

intermittent depressive episodes and PTSD. He concluded that, based on treatment and

psychological testing, the employee remained vocationally disabled.

By decision dated March 8, 2006, OWCP denied modification of the December 16, 1998

LWEC determination. 

On February 14, 2007 the employee requested reconsideration. He argued that OWCP

did not take into account the factors listed at 5 U.S.C. § 8115 and did not properly calculate

his wage-earningcapacity. In a report dated February 5, 2006, Dr. Jones noted that the employee

“continues to exhibit symptoms of [p]ost[-]traumatic [s]tress when exposed to cues related to

air traffic controlling. [The employee’s] symptoms are generally much improved, but show

a tendency to wax and wane relative to psychosocial stressors. He [has] been placed on 

permanent disability since the 1980s.”

By decision dated February 7, 2008, OWCP denied modification of the December 16, 

1998 LWEC determination. 

The employee again requested reconsideration on August 20, 2008. He submitted a

May 19, 2008 report from Dr. Jones who reiterated his opinion that the employee remained 

disabled.

By decision dated January 23, 2009, OWCPdenied modification of the December 16, 1998 

LWEC determination. The employee appealed to the Board and, by decision dated May 24, 2010,6

the Board affirmed OWCP’s January 23, 2009 decision.

Appellant, the employee’s widow, contacted OWCP on March 14, 2018 to advise that the

employee passed away on March 8, 2018.

In a March 9, 2020 notice of recurrence (Form CA-2a), appellant claimed that the 

employee sustained a recurrence of disability on April 30, 2012 due to his accepted employment 

injury. She asserted that the employee’s work-related condition had worsened by April 30, 2012 

such that he was no longer able to work. In two accompanying statements, appellant discussed the 

employee’s psychological problems since the early-1970’s, including PTSD and anxiety, which 

she related to his work as an air traffic controller. She also discussed the employee’s treatment for 

leukemia since 1983 and indicated that he last worked as a self-employed chiropractor in 1996. 

Appellant also submitted a November 20, 2019 e-mail statement in which the employee’s son 

discussed the employee’s progressively declining psychological condition, particularly after 2010,

which he related to PTSD caused by his work as an air traffic controller. In a September 23, 2019 

statement and an undated statement, two friends of the employee also discussed the employee’s 

psychological condition.

Appellant submitted a January 16, 2020 report from Dr. Vincent Ruscelli, a clinical 

psychologist, who indicated that he had reviewed the employee’s medical file, as well as 

statements from his family members and friends. Dr. Ruscelliindicated thatit was clear that severe 

symptoms had persisted for years and were indicative of PTSD. He opined that the numerous 

6 Docket No. 09-1057 (issued May 24, 2010).
4

PTSD symptoms were related to an incident that occurred while the employee was an air traffic 

controller. Dr. Ruscelli noted that, at the time, the employee was directing multiple aircraft and 

two of the aircraft nearly collided. At the time of this near tragedy, the employee experienced 

intense fear and feelings of helplessness and felt horror in realizing he came so close to being 

responsible for the deaths of up to 800 people. Dr. Ruscelli indicated that, following this incident, 

the employee was unable to perform his duties as an air traffic controller without experiencing 

extreme anxiety and panic. He opined that these classic PTSD symptoms persisted throughout the 

rest of the employee’s life and that his detachment and estrangement from others, along with a 

chronic irritability and frequent emotional outbursts, made it impossible for him to work with 

others in any capacity. Clinical evidence, including testing between 1997 and 2003, indicated that 

the employee showed no improvement over a period of many years. Dr. Ruscelli noted that

Dr. Jones indicated in 2008 that the employee remained on disability status and had not 

demonstrated an ability to return to his former wage-earning capacity.

Dr. Ruscelli asserted that it was clear from statements of the employee’s family members 

and friends that there was a dramatic change in his personality, mood, and functioning after the

near miss of the airplanes. He indicated that the statements demonstrated a worsening of 

appellant’s psychological conditions in 2010. Dr. Ruscelli noted that the statements showed that 

the employee never fully recovered and the dramatic change in his personality left him incapable 

of functioning effectively in any occupation. He summarized the statements, noting that they 

demonstrated the employee’s increasing irritability and inability to solve problems. Dr. Ruscelli 

indicated that, even after 2010, the employee would dream and appellant would be awakened by 

his instructions on which “sector” to take, as though he were directing a pilot. He indicated that 

there was no question that the employee’s dramatic personality change persisted until his death, 

and was the result of continued PTSD. Dr. Ruscelli indicated:

“[A]fter reviewing the psychometric data, clinical interviews, psychotherapy notes, 

and letters from family and friends, there is consensual validation that [the 

employee] continued throughout his life to demonstrate classic signs of PTSD, as 

well as debilitating depression and anxiety, which would have made it impossible 

for him to function effectively in any career.” 

Dr. Ruscelli noted that the depression and anxiety were secondary to the PTSD and related to 

continued failures to function because of the PTSD.

In a September 21, 2020 letter, counsel argued that appellant’s recurrence of disability 

claim effectively constituted a request to modify the December 16, 1998 LWEC determination. In 

a February 23, 2021 development letter, OWCP advised appellant that she had not submitted 

sufficient evidence to modify the December 16, 1998 LWEC determination. It requested that she 

submit additional factual and medical evidence in support of her claim and afforded her 30 days 

to submit such evidence.

Appellant resubmitted a copy of the January 16, 2020 report of Dr. Ruscelli, as well as 

copies of the previously submitted factual statements. She submitted a May 7, 2021 statement in 

which she further discussed the employee’s psychological condition, as well as numerous medical 

reports from attending physicians, dated between 2009 and 2014, which primarily concerned the 

employee’s treatment for leukemia, cardiac, and pulmonary conditions. 
5

In a February 19, 2009 report, Dr. Nancy D. Hanna, a Board-certified psychiatrist, noted

that the employee visited for follow-up of his depression and PTSD that was in remission. She 

indicated that the employee was not on any psychiatric medication and noted that he advised that 

his mood was good, that he had been going out with friends, that he had been doing chores and 

enjoying family. The employee also advised that he had no passive or active suicidal thoughts.

Dr. Hanna indicated that the employeereported that as an air traffic controller he saw two airplanes 

about to hit each other, thereby creating a situation in which 800 people could have died. She

noted that the employee also reported that, although he used to have nightmares about the incident, 

he did not have them anymore. Dr. Hanna advised that the employee did not have intrusive 

thoughts about the incident and could talk about it, although he could get emotional when doing 

so. Moreover, the employee did not startle easily. Dr. Hanna indicated that the employee’s wife

noted that the employee had been diagnosed with depression and PTSD for a prolonged period of 

time, and that he had seen 22 psychiatrists over the years. She diagnosed depressive disorder and 

partial PTSD.

By decision dated July 14, 2021, OWCP determined that appellant failed to meet her 

burden of proof to modify the December 16, 1998 LWEC determination. It found that she failed 

to show that the December 16, 1998 LWEC determination was erroneous; that the employee had 

been retrained or otherwise been vocationally rehabilitated; or that the employee’s employmentrelated medical condition materially changed such that he ceased to be able to work in the 

constructed position of associate chiropractor.

On August 6, 2021 appellant, through counsel, requested reconsideration of the July 14, 

2021 decision. 

By decision dated January 10, 2022, OWCP denied modification of its July 14, 2021 

decision.

LEGAL PRECEDENT

Once OWCP accepts a claim it has the burden of proof to justify termination or 

modification of compensation benefits.7 An injured employee who is either unable to return to the 

position held at the time of injury or unable to earn equivalent wages, but who is not totally 

disabled for all gainful employment, is entitled to compensation computed based on his or her 

LWEC.8 An employee’s actual earnings generally best reflect his or her wage-earning capacity.9 

Absent evidence that actual earnings do not fairly and reasonably represent the employee’s wageearning capacity, such earnings must be accepted as representative of the individual’s wageearning capacity.10

 But if actual earnings do not fairly and reasonably represent the employee’s 

wage-earning capacity or the employee has no actual earnings, then wage-earning capacity is 

7 T.D., Docket No. 20-1088 (issued June 14, 2021); James B. Christenson, 47 ECAB 775, 778 (1996); WilsonL. 

Clow, Jr., 44 ECAB 157 (1992).

8

5 U.S.C. § 8115(a); 20 C.F.R. §§ 10.402, 10.403; see T.D., id.; Alfred R. Hafer, 46 ECAB 553, 556 (1995).

9 T.D., id.; HaydenC. Ross, 55 ECAB 455, 460 (2004).

10 S.J., Docket No. 19-0186 (issued August 2, 2019); HaydenC. Ross, id.
6

determined with due regard to the nature of the injury, the degree of physical impairment, the 

employee’s usual employment, age, qualifications for other employment, the availability of 

suitable employment and other factors and circumstances that may affect wage-earning capacity 

in his disabled condition.11 

OWCP must initially determine the employee’s medical condition and work restrictions 

before selecting an appropriate position that reflects his or her vocational wage-earning capacity.12 

The medical evidence OWCP relies upon must provide a detailed description of the employee’s 

condition and the evaluation must be reasonably current.13 Where suitability is to be determined 

based on a position not actually held, the selected position must accommodate the employee’s 

limitations from both injury-related and preexisting conditions, but not limitations attributable to 

post-injury or subsequently-acquired conditions.14 

When OWCP makes a medical determination of partial disability and of specific work 

restrictions, it may refer the employee’s case to an OWCP wage-earning capacity specialist for 

selection of a position listed in the Department of Labor’s Dictionary of Occupational Titles

(DOT) or otherwise available in the open labor market that fits the employee’s capabilities with 

regard to his or her physical limitations, education, age, and prior experience.15 Once this selection 

is made, a determination of wage rate and availability in the open labor market should be made 

through contact with the state employment service or other applicable service. 16 Finally, 

application of the principles set forth in the Shadrick decision will result in the percentage of the 

employee’s LWEC.17

Once the wage-earning capacity of an injured employee is determined, a modification of 

such determination is not warranted unless there is a material change in the nature and extent of 

the injury-related condition, the employee has been retrained or otherwise vocationally 

11 5 U.S.C. § 8115(a);L.M., Docket No. 20-1038 (issued March 10, 2021); Mary Jo Colvert, 45 ECAB 575 (1994); 

Keith Hanselman, 42 ECAB 680 (1991).

12 L.M., id.; M.A., 59 ECAB 624, 631 (2008).

13 Id.; Federal (FECA) Procedure Manual, Part 2 -- Claims, Determining Wage-Earning Capacity Based on a 

Constructed Position, Chapter 2.816.4d (June 2013).

14 L.M., supra note 11; N.J., 59 ECAB 171, 176 (2007); Federal (FECA) Procedure Manual, id. atChapter 2.816.4c 

(June 2013).

15 Federal (FECA) Procedure Manual, Part 2 -- Claims, Vocational Rehabilitation Services, Chapter 2.813.7b 

(February2011).

16 The job selected for determining wage-earning capacity must be a position that is reasonably available in the 

general labor market in the commuting area in which the employee resides. L.M., supra note 11; DavidL. Scott, 55 

ECAB 330, 335 n.9 (2004); Federal (FECA) Procedure Manual, supra note 13 atChapter 2.816.6 (June 2013).

17 20 C.F.R. § 10.403(d); see AlbertC. Shadrick, 5 ECAB 376 (1953).
7

rehabilitated, or the original determination was, in fact, erroneous.18 The burden of proof is on the 

party attempting to show a modification of the wage-earning capacity determination.19

ANALYSIS

The Board finds that appellant has not met her burden of proof to modify the employee’s 

December 16, 1998 LWEC.

The Board preliminarily notes that it is unnecessary to consider the evidence submitted 

prior to the issuance of OWCP’s January 23, 2009 decision, which was considered by the Board 

in its May 24, 2010 decision affirming OWCP’s determination that appellant had not established 

that the December 16, 1998 LWEC determination should be modified. Findings made in prior 

Board decisions are res judicata and cannot be considered absent further merit review by OWCP 

under section 8128 of FECA.20

This newly submitted medical evidence of record, however, does not show that appellant 

was incapable of performing the requirements of the position from a physical or psychological 

standpoint. The Board thus finds that this appellant has not shown that OWCP’s original 

December 16, 1998 LWEC determination was, in fact, erroneous.21 

Furthermore, this newly submitted medical evidence does not show that there was a 

material change in the nature and extent of the employee’s injury-related condition such that he 

could no longer work as an associate chiropractor. 

Dr. Ruscelli did not provide any discussion of the accepted work-related condition, 

unspecified anxiety state, or explain how it worsened to the extent that the employee could not 

work in the constructed position of associate chiropractor. The Board has held that a report is of 

limited probative value regarding causal relationship if it does not contain medical rationale 

explaining how a given medical condition/level of disability has an employment-related cause.22

Appellant also submitted a February 19, 2009 report from Dr. Hanna who noted that the 

employee visited for follow-up of his depression and PTSD that was in remission. However, the 

report did not provide any discussion of the accepted work-related condition, unspecified anxiety 

state, or explain how it worsened to the extent that the employee could not work in the constructed 

position of associate chiropractor. As noted, a report is of limited probative value regarding causal 

18 C.R., Docket No. 14-111 (issued April4, 2014); SharonC. Clement, 55 ECAB 552 (2004).

19 See T.M., Docket No. 08-975 (issued February 6, 2009).

20 C.M., Docket No. 19-1211 (issued August5, 2020); C.D., Docket No. 19-1973 (issued May 21, 2020); M.D.,

Docket No. 20-0007 (issued May 13, 2020).

21 See supra note 18.

22 See T.T., Docket No. 18-1054 (issued April8, 2020); Y.D., Docket No. 16-1896 (issued February 10, 2017).
8

relationship if it does not contain medical rationale explaining how a given medical condition/level 

of disability has an employment-related cause.23 

Appellant also submitted statements produced by herself, as well as by family members 

and friends, which discussed the psychological state of the employee. However, lay persons are 

not competent to render medical opinion and, therefore, have no probative value on a medical 

issue.24

Thus, the Board finds that this newly submitted evidence does not show that there was a 

material change in the nature and extent of the employee’s injury-related condition such that he 

could no longer work as an associate chiropractor.25 

The Board further finds that the newly submitted evidence of record does not show that the 

employee was vocationally rehabilitated after OWCP adjusted his compensation per its 

December 16, 1998 LWEC determination.26 Therefore, appellant has not met her burden of proof 

to modify the December 16, 1998 LWEC determination. 

Appellant may request modification of the LWEC determination, supported by new 

evidence or argument, at any time before OWCP.

CONCLUSION

The Board finds that appellant has not met her burden of proof to modify the employee’s 

December 16, 1998 LWEC.

23 Id.

24 See R.P., Docket No. 22-0686 (issued September 30, 2022); E.H.,Docket No. 19-0365 (issued March 17, 2021);

B.C.,Docket No. 16-1404 (issued April14, 2017); James A. Long, 40 ECAB 538 (1989).

25 Supra note 18.

26 Id.
9

ORDER

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT the January 10, 2022 decision of the Office of 

Workers’ Compensation Programs is affirmed.

Issued: December 6, 2022

Washington, DC

Alec J. Koromilas, Chief Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

Patricia H. Fitzgerald, Deputy Chief Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

Valerie D. Evans-Harrell, Alternate Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board