IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI

NO. 2017-CP-01195-COA

RAY JAMES APPELLANT

v.

STATE OF MISSISSIPPI APPELLEE

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 07/27/2017

TRIAL JUDGE: HON. CAROL L. WHITE-RICHARD

COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: SUNFLOWER COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: RAY JAMES (PRO SE)

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL

BY: SCOTT STUART

NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - POST-CONVICTION RELIEF

DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED - 09/11/2018

MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:

MANDATE ISSUED:

BEFORE LEE, C.J., BARNES AND WESTBROOKS, JJ.

WESTBROOKS, J., FOR THE COURT:

¶1. Ray James was convicted of burglary of a dwelling and four counts of aggravated

assault against a police officer. Eleven years later, James filed a motion for a sentence

reduction or, in the alternative, a new trial or permission to appeal. Finding that James’s

motion was time barred, the circuit court denied his motion. Finding no error, we affirm. 

FACTS

¶2. In July 2005, James was convicted of burglary of a dwelling and four counts of

aggravated assault against a police officer. In 2010, the officer, Tony Cooper, was later

convicted and sentenced on unrelated charges in federal court. In 2016, James filed a motion

for a sentence reduction or, in the alternative, a new trial or permission to appeal. The circuit
court stated that James’s motion was time barred and that it had no authority to grant his

request of a sentence reduction, a new trial and/or an out of time appeal. James timely

appeals.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

¶3. “When reviewing a trial court’s denial or dismissal of a [motion for postconviction

relief (PCR)], we will only disturb the trial court’s factual findings if they are clearly

erroneous; however, we review the trial court’s legal conclusions under a de novo standard

of review.” Creppel v. State, 199 So. 3d 715, 718 (¶8) (Miss. Ct. App. 2016) (quoting

Jackson v. State, 178 So. 3d 807, 809 (¶8) (Miss. Ct. App. 2014)).

DISCUSSION

I. Procedural Bar

¶4. “Under Mississippi Code Annotated section 99-39-5(2) (Supp. 2012), a movant has

three years to file a PCR motion, and failure to file a PCR motion within the three years is

a procedural bar.” Blount v. State, 126 So. 3d 927, 930-31 (¶13) (Miss. Ct. App. 2013). But,

the Mississippi Supreme Court has held that “errors affecting fundamental rights are

exceptions to the rule that questions not raised in the trial court cannot be raised for the first

time on appeal.” Rowland v. State, 42 So. 3d 503, 506 (¶10) (Miss. 2010). 

¶5. While ineffective assistance of counsel claims are not traditionally categorized as a

“fundamental right” under Rowland, the Mississippi Supreme Court held that “under the

facts of a particular case, this Court might find that a lawyer’s performance was so deficient,

and so prejudicial to the defendant, that the defendant’s fundamental constitutional rights

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were violated. However, this Court has never held that merely raising a claim of ineffective

assistance of counsel is sufficient to surmount the procedural bar.” Bevill v. State, 669 So.

2d 14, 17 (Miss. 1996). 

¶6. Here, James did not challenge his 2005 conviction until 2016, eleven years later; nor

does his mere claim support any violations of his “fundamental” rights. Rowland, 42 So. 3d

at 506 (¶10). Without extreme circumstances, “claims of ineffective assistance of counsel

. . . are indeed subject to the procedural bars.” Salter v. State, 184 So. 3d 944, 947 (¶7)

(Miss. Ct. App. 2015). Accordingly, James’s PCR motion is time barred. Notwithstanding

the procedural bar, we will briefly address James’s ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim. 

II. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel

¶7. Although James’s pro se brief is extensive, at the crux of his claims is ineffective

assistance of counsel.1James asserts that he was denied effective assistance of counsel

because his attorney (1) refused to file an appellant brief, (2) failed to notify the circuit court

he wished to withdraw as counsel, (3) failed to inform James the circuit court had appointed

him new counsel, (4) failed to render a notice of appeal, and (5) abandoned James and

thereby created a conflict of interest. To succeed on an ineffective-assistance-of-counsel

claim, James must demonstrate, “(1) deficiency of counsel’s performance (2) sufficient to

constitute prejudice to the defense.” Walker v. State, 703 So. 2d 266, 268 (Miss. 1997)

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James also asserts that Cooper’s subsequent conviction should render his testimony

at James’s trial impeachable; that the circuit court failed to apply an intervening decision;

and that a juror was improperly allowed to testify for the State. But, Cooper’s conviction

is unrelated to James’s; the cases relied on by James predate his conviction; and the assertion

that a juror was called as a witness is not supported in the record. 

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(quoting Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984)). Here, James relies only on

his assertions in his briefs to support his claims. 

¶8. In his reply brief, James does request this Court to order the circuit court records to

support his assertions, but “[i]t is the responsibility of the appellant to designate the record

pursuant to Rule 10(b) ofthe Mississippi Rules of Appellate Procedure in a manner sufficient

to allow this Court to review the appellant’s issues.” Austin v. State, 971 So. 2d 1286, 1287

n.1 (Miss. Ct. App. 2008). “In the absence of anything in the record to the contrary, we must

presume that the trial court acted properly.” Id. James provides no trial transcripts or

affidavits to substantiate his claims. Without the record to review, we affirm the circuit

court’s denial of James’s motion.

¶9. AFFIRMED.

LEE, C.J., IRVING AND GRIFFIS, P.JJ., CARLTON, FAIR, WILSON,

GREENLEE AND TINDELL, JJ., CONCUR. BARNES, J., CONCURS IN PART

AND IN THE RESULT WITHOUT SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION.

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