Note: Decisions of a three-justice panel are not to be considered as precedent before any tribunal. 

ENTRY ORDER

SUPREME COURT DOCKET NO. 2012-427

APRIL TERM, 2013

Joel E. Langlois } APPEALED FROM:

}

} Superior Court, Bennington Unit,

 v. } Family Division

}

}

Mary Langlois } DOCKET NO. 219-9-04 Bndm

Trial Judge: David Howard

In the above-entitled cause, the Clerk will enter:

Plaintiff appeals pro se from the trial court’s order denying his request to modify spousal 

maintenance. We affirm.

Pursuant to the parties’ 2007 final divorce order, plaintiff was required to pay defendant 

$850 per month in spousal maintenance for six years and $425 per month for two years

thereafter. During the ensuing years, the parties sought the court’s intervention in connection 

with a host of financial issues, including motions to enforce and for contempt in connection with 

the spousal maintenance obligation, child support modifications, and issues relating to parental 

rights and responsibilities. In 2012, plaintiff moved to modify his spousal maintenance

obligation. Following a hearing, the court denied his request. That ruling is the subject of this 

appeal. 

The court found as follows. Plaintiff argued that modification was appropriate because 

his New York home had been foreclosed upon. In light of the foreclosure proceedings, plaintiff 

and his wife moved to Vermont in 2009, and they later filed for bankruptcy. Plaintiff now lives 

in a mobile home with his new wife and children on his in-laws’ property. He and his wife do 

chores in lieu of paying rent. Plaintiff also changed jobs as a result of the move to avoid greater 

gas costs and travel time. He earns approximately $1 less per hour than his previous job, or $50 

less per week. In 2011, plaintiff’s foreclosure debt as well as plaintiff’s and his wife’s other 

debts were discharged in the bankruptcy proceeding. The court found that although plaintiff now 

lives in a mobile home rather than a house, he has less debt than before due to the bankruptcy 

proceeding, leaving more money for other expenses. 

As to defendant’s circumstances, the court found that she had recently moved out of the 

marital home and moved in with her father due to financial difficulties. Plaintiff’s failure to pay 

maintenance contributed to defendant’s financial difficulties. Although defendant now lived in a 

nicer residence, the court found that she was dependent on her father’s largesse for housing and, 
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in many respects, she was less well off than before. The court found that defendant very much 

needed the continued level of maintenance to maintain even a modest lifestyle. 

Plaintiff also asserted that maintenance should be reduced because defendant had been 

living in the marital home, which was awarded to him in the divorce, and she had stayed there 

past the one year allowed to her under the divorce decree. The court found that this issue had 

been the subject of prior hearings and decisions. It noted that defendant’s ability to move out 

had been hampered by plaintiff’s failure to pay maintenance. For that reason, defendant had 

been allowed to remain in the marital residence. At one point, the court proposed to cancel 

$8000 in maintenance if plaintiff signed over the mobile home to defendant. That did not 

happen, however, and plaintiff lost the mobile home in the bankruptcy proceeding without 

getting any credit for it against his maintenance arrearage. The court found that defendant bore 

no fault for any issue over the mobile home, and concluded that the facts surrounding this issue 

did not justify any reduction in maintenance. 

Based on its findings, the court concluded that plaintiff failed to show a real, substantial, 

and unanticipated change of circumstances necessary for the court to modify maintenance. See 

Taylor v. Taylor, 175 Vt. 32, 36 (2002) (recognizing that trial court may modify maintenance 

order only if it finds “a real, substantial and unanticipated change of circumstances,” and court 

has discretion in deciding whether changed circumstances exist). As set forth above, the court

found that plaintiff’s earnings were almost the same as before and he had fewer debts. He did 

not have to pay rent. While he had moved from a house to a mobile home, the court found that 

this fact, when weighed with all the other facts and circumstances, did not amount to a real, 

substantial, and unanticipated change of circumstances. The court noted that plaintiff’s spousal 

maintenance obligation would be reduced automatically, consistent with the divorce order, in 

approximately six months. Defendant meanwhile had to move in with her father. She faced

financial difficulties due to plaintiff’s actions. Plaintiff’s claim that she was enjoying a better 

lifestyle because her father’s house was nicer than the marital home ignored the fact that she was 

dependent on her father’s generosity instead of having her own place. For these reasons, the 

court denied the motion. This appeal followed. 

At the outset, we emphasize that the only order on appeal is the court’s denial of 

plaintiff’s motion to modify spousal maintenance, and the only question before us is whether the 

court erred in denying this motion. We do not consider plaintiff’s challenges to other orders that

are not properly before us. For example, plaintiff argues that the problems with this case go back 

to the beginning of the whole divorce proceeding. He points to the lack of findings in the 2007 

final divorce order, a claimed violation of the Serviceman’s Civil Relief Act in connection with 

the temporary child support order, and the trial court’s claimed failure to consider that plaintiff 

was already required to make a substantial monthly maintenance supplement payment to 

defendant pursuant to the child support order when it included an additional spousal maintenance 

award. The unappealed 2007 final divorce order and the 2007 child support order have long 

been final, and plaintiff cannot now challenge the rulings. Likewise, plaintiff challenges the trial 

court’s orders in connection with prior contempt motions, including orders relating to 

defendant’s continued occupancy of the residence awarded to plaintiff in the final divorce order 

beyond the period provided in the final order and defendant’s non-payment of rent in connection 

with that occupancy. Neither of these issues is the subject of this appeal of the trial court’s 
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denial of his motion to modify. Finally, plaintiff argues that a prior garnishment order in this 

case required garnishment of a higher percentage of his disposable income than allowed by law. 

15 U.S.C. § 1673(b)(2)(A). The magistrate has since stricken the garnishment provision, and it 

is not on appeal here.

We thus turn to plaintiff’s claims relating to the denial of his motion to modify spousal 

maintenance. Because plaintiff did not order a transcript, we must assume that the court’s 

findings are supported by the record. See V.R.A.P. 10(b)(2) (“By failing to order a transcript, 

the appellant waives the right to raise any issue for which a transcript is necessary for informed 

appellate review.”); In re S.B.L., 150 Vt. 294, 307 (1988) (explaining that appellant bears 

consequences of failing to order transcript and without transcript Supreme Court assumes that 

evidence supports trial court’s findings). 

We thus reject plaintiff’s contention that the court erred in finding that his financial 

situation had not changed significantly; that defendant was under financial strain due in part to 

plaintiff’s failure to pay spousal maintenance; and that defendant moved in with her father due to 

financial difficulties. We cannot credit plaintiff’s argument that the court misunderstood wife’s 

sources of income or living situation. We cannot consider plaintiff’s arguments that he is under 

so much financial strain that he qualifies for public assistance, and that the only reason he does 

not currently pay rent is that he cannot afford it. And we cannot review plaintiff’s claims that 

defendant did not tell the truth about the parties’ daughter’s income and both children’s bank 

accounts, and that defendant must be making more than she claims. All of these arguments 

require us to review the testimony before the trial court and to determine whether there was 

enough evidence to support the trial court’s conclusions—something we cannot do without a 

transcript. 

Plaintiff points to the parties’ filed affidavits of income and assets and argues that the 

combination of spousal maintenance, maintenance supplement, and child support payments to 

defendant requires him to pay an unreasonably high percentage of his total gross income to 

defendant, while covering all of defendant’s monthly expenses. The trial court could go through 

the calculations defendant suggests only if it first found a real, substantial, and unanticipated 

change of circumstances that allowed the court to consider modifying the original order. As 

noted above, the trial court concluded that plaintiff had not proven enough of a change in 

circumstances to get to that step in the analysis, and on the record available to us we cannot 

conclude that the trial court’s conclusion about that was wrong.

Plaintiff next argues that defendant did not promptly respond to pretrial discovery 

requests and that the trial court should have held defendant in contempt for that. The trial court 

dismissed plaintiff’s contempt motion once defendant actually provided the information. 

Plaintiff asserts in a general way that defendant’s delay in providing discovery answers 

hampered his ability to ask follow-up discovery questions before the trial. Plaintiff does not 

identify any specific information that he could not get, and he fails to show how any delay in 

discovery affected the court’s decision on the motion to modify. 
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Finally, we reject plaintiff’s claim that the trial court showed favoritism by denying his 

motion to hold defendant in contempt. See DeLeonardis v. Page, 2010 VT 52, ¶ 30, 188 Vt. 94

(emphasizing that adverse rulings alone do not show bias). 

Affirmed.

BY THE COURT:

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John A. Dooley, Associate Justice

_______________________________________

Brian L. Burgess, Associate Justice

_______________________________________

Beth Robinson, Associate Justice