United States Department of Labor

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

__________________________________________

A.D., Appellant

and

U.S. POSTAL SERVICE, POST OFFICE, 

Bellmawr, NJ, Employer

__________________________________________

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Docket No. 20-0758

Issued: January 11, 2021

Appearances: Case Submitted on the Record

Russell T. Uliase, Esq., for the appellant1

Office of Solicitor, for the Director

DECISION AND ORDER

Before:

ALEC J. KOROMILAS, Chief Judge

PATRICIA H. FITZGERALD, Alternate Judge

VALERIE D. EVANS-HARRELL, Alternate Judge

JURISDICTION

On February 21, 2020 appellant, through counsel, filed a timely appeal from a

September 4, 2019 merit decision of the Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs (OWCP). 

Pursuant to the Federal Employees’ Compensation Act2(FECA) and 20 C.F.R. §§ 501.2(c) and 

501.3, the Board has jurisdiction over the merits of this case.3 

 

1

In all cases in which a representative has been authorized in a matter before the Board, no claim for a fee for legal 

or other service performed on appeal before the Board is valid unless approved by the Board. 20 C.F.R. § 501.9(e). 

No contract for a stipulated fee or on a contingent fee basis will be approved by the Board. Id. An attorney or 

representative’s collection of a fee without the Board’s approval may constitute a misdemeanor, subject to fine or 

imprisonment for up to one year or both. Id.; see also 18 U.S.C. § 292. Demands for payment of fees to a 

representative, prior to approval by the Board, may be reported to appropriate authorities for investigation.

2 5 U.S.C. § 8101 et seq.

3 The Board notes that, following the September 4, 2019 decision, OWCP received additional evidence. However, 

the Board’s Rules of Procedure provides: “The Board’s review of a case is limited to the evidence in the case record 

that was before OWCP at the time of its final decision. Evidence not before OWCP will not be considered by the 

Board for the first time on appeal.” 20 C.F.R. § 501.2(c)(1). Thus, the Board is precluded from reviewing this 

evidence for the first time on appeal. Id. 
2

ISSUE

The issue is whether appellant has met her burden of proof to establish a bilateral 

knee condition causally related to the accepted factors of her federal employment.

FACTUAL HISTORY

On November 8, 2018 appellant, then a 61-year-old letter carrier, filed an occupational 

disease claim (Form CA-2) alleging that she aggravated her bilateral knee osteoarthritis due to 

factors of her federal employment which she had performed since February 2000. Her alleged 

employment factors included walking long distances on hard surfaces, standing for long periods 

of time, climbing stairs, bending, twisting, lifting 35 pounds regularly, and lifting 70 pounds 

occasionally. Appellant noted that she first became aware of her condition on September 11, 2018 

and first realized that it was caused or aggravated by her federal employment on October 30, 2018. 

On the reverse side of the claim form, appellant’s supervisor indicated that appellant was last 

exposed to the employment factors alleged to have caused her condition on November 8, 2018 and 

that she had not provided any medical documentation in support of her claim. 

In a development letter dated November 16, 2018, OWCP informed appellant of the 

deficiencies of her claim. It advised her of the type of factual and medical evidence necessary to 

establish her claim and attached a questionnaire for her completion. OWCP afforded appellant 30 

days to submit the necessary evidence. 

In a separate development letter to the employing establishment dated November 16, 2018, 

OWCP requested a supervisory statement and additional information regarding the accuracy of 

appellant’s alleged federal employment factors. It afforded the employing establishment 30 days 

to respond. 

September 18, 2018 progress notes by Dr. David Gealt, an osteopath Board-certified in 

sports medicine, related that appellant complained of bilateral knee pain, worse on the left side. 

He noted that she had complained of bilateral knee pain for years, for which she had been treated 

with injections, but that the pain had worsened and was becoming constant in nature. Dr. Gealt 

indicated that no injury was reported, but that appellant worked as a mail carrier and had a hard 

time navigating steps. He also noted that she had related that aggravating factors included walking, 

standing, ascending and descending stairs, and alleviating factors included rest. Dr. Gealt 

conducted a physical examination of appellant’s knees which revealed bilateral knee pain along 

the lateral and anterior aspects, a valgus deformity, crepitus along the patellofemoral compartment, 

and a range of motion short of full extension. X-rays of appellant’s knees revealed severe bilateral 

knee osteoarthritis, with joint space narrowing in all 3 compartments, especially along the lateral 

and patellofemoral compartment, with the left knee worse than the right, and a possible old 

nonunited lateral patella fracture on the left with patella alta. Dr. Gealt diagnosed primary bilateral 

knee osteoarthritis. 

October 30, 2018 progress notes from Dr. Gealt related that appellant presented with 

bilateral knee pain, which was worse on her left, and limited mobility. He conducted a physical 

examination of her knees which revealed bilateral knee pain along the lateral and anterior aspects, 

a valgus deformity, crepitus along the patellofemoral compartment, and a range of motion short of 

full extension. Dr. Gealt continued to diagnose primary bilateral knee osteoarthritis. 
3

In an undated statement, appellant explained that, in February 2000, she began working at 

the employing establishment part time for 10 to 12 hours per day, Monday through Saturday, and 

3 hours per day on Sunday. She related that her job included walking through snow and ice with 

a high volume of mail that was very hard to carry. Appellant stated that as a part-time employee 

she was assigned the hardest routes, which “almost always entailed walking up and down steps 

while carrying a bag full of circulars and mail.” After five years she became a full-time employee 

and for two years she was assigned to a route with many steps and a high volume of mail. The 

next two years appellant was assigned to three walking routes, and after that she was assigned to 

a walking route with 536 apartments and 2 cluster boxes for 7 years where she had to carry mail 

for 40 apartments at a time, and for the past two and a half years her route included 2 hours of 

walking with steps and 20 car stops where she had to get out of her vehicle to deliver the mail. 

On December 7, 2018 appellant responded to OWCP’s development questionnaire and 

provided a signed statement. She indicated that carrying heavy mail on uneven surfaces, steep 

lawns, and through inclement weather all day long placed a lot of pressure and stress on her knees. 

Appellant related that her duties also included casing mail, which entailed pulling it down and 

placing it in trays. She then loaded the trays and packages onto a knocker and pushed the knocker 

onto the loading dock, which also stressed her knees. Appellant then bent down and loaded the 

trays and packages into the truck and would get in and out of the truck when replenishing and 

delivering mail, which included two steps down and up each time. She related that the volumes 

increased due to the addition of Amazon packages and during the holiday season. Appellant stated 

that she experienced increased pain in her knees when performing these duties and still performs 

them on a daily basis in excruciating pain. She indicated that she did not have any hobbies or play 

any sports. 

By decision dated January 17, 2019, OWCP denied appellant’s occupational disease claim, 

finding that the evidence of record was insufficient to establish causal relationship between her

diagnosed bilateral knee condition and the accepted factors of federal employment. 

On January 24, 2019 appellant, through counsel, requested a hearing before an OWCP 

hearing representative. 

January 16, 2019 progress notes by Dr. Gealt indicated that appellant continued to 

complain of bilateral knee pain. He conducted a physical examination of her knees and continued 

to diagnose primary bilateral knee osteoarthritis. Dr. Gealt opined that appellant’s physical job as 

a mail carrier had impacted the deterioration of her knees and worsened her situation, and he noted 

that it was difficult to conclude that her job duties were the sole cause of her bilateral knee 

osteoarthritis. 

A January 28, 2019 narrative medical report by Dr. Gealt indicated that appellant had 

ongoing bilateral knee pain for years which had progressively worsened. He repeated her bilateral 

knee physical examination findings and bilateral knee x-ray findings from his previous reports.

Dr. Gealt related that appellant’s job duties included walking, twisting, reaching, bending at her 

knees, carrying parcels up to 45 pounds, pushing and pulling equipment, and sorting mail for many 

hours at a time. He opined that her physical job as a mail carrier, which she had performed for the 

past 18 years, impacted the deterioration of her knees and worsened her situation, and he also 

stated that it was difficult to conclude that her job duties were the sole cause of her bilateral knee 

osteoarthritis. Dr. Gealt opined that, to a reasonable degree of medical certainty, working at the 
4

employing establishment on concrete floors further aggravated appellant’s knee symptoms. He 

stated that repetitive activities of lifting, pushing, and pulling will further aggravate her knees with

compression forces across the knee joints. Dr. Gealt concluded that appellant’s job directly 

impacts the deterioration of her knees and degenerative arthritis, which thereby increased her 

symptomology. 

On May 15, 2019 an OWCP hearing representative conducted an oral hearing. 

In a May 29, 2019 narrative statement, appellant indicated that 15 years prior she began to 

experience some discomfort in her knees. The pain increased within the next few years to the 

point where she could not fully bend them. Appellant related that she was treated with injections 

by her family physician and that progressively her pain became excruciating. She then detailed 

her medical treatment from Drs. Gealt and Shilling. 

OWCP subsequently received additional medical evidence. 

A December 19, 2018 medical report by Dr. Jack Shilling, a Board-certified orthopedic 

surgeon, indicated that appellant presented with advanced degenerative changes in both knees, 

with her left knee being more symptomatic. He related that her medical history included 

osteoarthritis, and a physical examination of her knees revealed patellofemoral crepitus and lateral 

joint tenderness bilaterally, worse on the left than the right. X-rays of appellant’s knees displayed 

bilateral advanced valgus arthritis, with near complete loss of the lateral joint space bilaterally. 

Osteophytes, subchondral cysts, sclerosis, patella alta, and arthritic changes in the patellofemoral 

joint were also noted. Dr. Shilling diagnosed advanced bilateral knee arthritis with significant 

valgus changes. He related that appellant had worked as a postal worker for the past 18 years and 

indicated that he was concerned that her physical job as a letter carrier had impacted the 

deterioration of her knees. 

Appellant followed up with Dr. Shilling on February 6, 2019. Dr. Shilling conducted a 

physical examination, reviewed bilateral knee x-rays, and continued to diagnose advanced bilateral 

knee arthritis with significant valgus changes. May 17, 2019 progress notes by Dr. Gealt indicated 

that appellant continued to complain of bilateral knee pain, the left worse than the right, and stated

that her knee gives out and that she has difficulty walking. He conducted a physical examination 

and related that he reviewed x-rays of her knees from February 2, 2010 which displayed mild 

degenerative changes along the medial and patellofemoral compartment. Dr. Gealt continued to 

diagnose bilateral primary knee osteoarthritis and stated that appellant’s more recent x-rays 

displayed progression in comparison to her February 2, 2010 x-rays, which was not uncommon 

since osteoarthritis was a progressive order. 

By decision dated July 29, 2019, OWCP’s hearing representative affirmed OWCP’s 

January 17, 2019 decision. 

On July 18, 2019 Dr. Gealt amended his January 28, 2019 report to reflect that appellant’s 

2009 bilateral knee x-rays displayed mild degenerative changes, and that the more recent x-rays 

showed significant progression. He also added that her job duties included significant walking on 

her route and getting in and out of her mail truck multiple times. Dr. Gealt repeated that it was 

difficult to conclude that appellant’s job duties were the sole cause of her bilateral knee 

osteoarthritis. He opined that, to a reasonable degree of medical certainty, working at the 
5

employing establishment on concrete floors and walking on her mail route for years can further 

aggravate her knee symptoms. Dr. Gealt stated repetitive activities of kneeling, lifting, pushing, 

and pulling will further aggravate appellant’s knees with compression forces across the knee joints. 

He concluded again that her job directly impacted the deterioration of her knees and degenerative 

arthritis, which thereby increased her symptomology. 

On August 26, 2019 appellant, through counsel, requested reconsideration. 

By decision dated September 4, 2019, OWCP denied modification of its July 29, 2019 

decision. 

LEGAL PRECEDENT

An employee seeking benefits under FECA has the burden of proof to establish the 

essential elements of his or her claim, including the fact that the individual is an employee of the 

United States within the meaning of FECA, that the claim was timely filed within the applicable 

time limitation period of FECA,4that an injury was sustained in the performance of duty, as 

alleged, and that any disability or medical condition for which compensation is claimed is causally 

related to the employment injury.5 These are the essential elements of each and every 

compensation claim, regardless of whether the claim is predicated upon a traumatic injury or an 

occupational disease.6

To establish that an injury was sustained in the performance of duty in an occupational 

disease claim, a claimant must submit: (1) a factual statement identifying employment factors 

alleged to have caused or contributed to the presence or occurrence of the disease or condition; 

(2) medical evidence establishing the presence or existence of the disease or condition for which 

compensation is claimed; and (3) medical evidence establishing that the diagnosed condition is 

causally related to the identified employment factors.7

Causal relationship is a medical issue, and the medical evidence required to establish causal 

relationship is rationalized medical opinion evidence.8 The opinion of the physician must be based 

on a complete factual and medical background of the claimant, must be one of reasonable medical 

 

4 R.M., Docket No. 20-0342 (issued July 30, 2020); S.B., Docket No. 17-1779 (issued February 7, 2018); J.P., 59 

ECAB 178 (2007); Joe D. Cameron, 41 ECAB 153 (1989).

5 V.P., Docket No. 20-0415 (issued July 30, 2020); J.M., Docket No. 17-0284 (issued February 7, 2018); R.C., 59 

ECAB 427 (2008); James E. Chadden, Sr., 40 ECAB 312 (1988).

6 S.A., Docket No. 20-0458 (issued July 23, 2020); K.M., Docket No. 15-1660 (issued September 16, 2016); L.M.,

Docket No. 13-1402 (issued February 7, 2014); Delores C. Ellyett, 41 ECAB 992 (1990).

7 See B.H., Docket No. 18-1693 (issued July 20, 2020); S.C., Docket No. 18-1242 (issued March 13, 2019); Victor J. 

Woodhams, 41 ECAB 345, 352 (1989).

8 L.S., Docket No. 19-1769 (issued July 10, 2020); A.M., Docket No. 18-1748 (issued April 24, 2019); T.H., 59 

ECAB 388 (2008).
6

certainty, and must be supported by medical rationale explaining the nature of the relationship 

between the diagnosed condition and the specific employment factors identified by the claimant.9 

In a case in which a preexisting condition involving the same part of the body is present 

and the issue of causal relationship therefore involves aggravation, acceleration, or precipitation, 

the physician must provide a rationalized medical opinion that differentiates between the effects 

of the work-related injury or disease and the preexisting condition.10

ANALYSIS

The Board finds that this case is not in posture for decision.

Dr. Gealt’s medical reports provided a history of injury, physical examination findings, a 

review of diagnostic tests, and accurately described the accepted employment factors, which he 

noted that appellant had performed for 18 years. He diagnosed bilateral knee osteoarthritis and 

opined that while it was difficult to conclude that her job duties were the sole cause of her bilateral 

knee osteoarthritis, her job duties directly impacted the deterioration of her degenerative knee 

arthritis, which thereby increases her symptomology. In his January 28, 2019 narrative medical 

report, Dr. Gealt opined that to a reasonable degree of medical certainty, work at the employing 

establishment on concrete floors further aggravated appellant’s knee symptoms. In his July 18, 

2019 narrative medical report, he also explained that her repetitive activities of kneeling, lifting, 

pushing, and pulling will further aggravate her knees with compression forces across the knee 

joints.

It is well established that, proceedings under FECA are not adversarial in nature and, while 

appellant has the burden of proof to establish entitlement to compensation, OWCP shares 

responsibility in the development of the evidence.11 While Dr. Gealt’s reports do not contain 

sufficient rationale to discharge appellant’s burden of proof by the weight of the reliable, 

substantial, and probative evidence that her right knee condition was caused or aggravated by the 

accepted employment factors, these reports raise an inference of causal relationship sufficient to 

require further development of the case record by OWCP.12

The Board, therefore, finds that the case must be remanded for further development of the 

medical evidence. OWCP shall prepare a statement of accepted facts and refer appellant, together 

with the case record, to a specialist in the appropriate field of medicine for a reasoned opinion as 

to whether her accepted employment factors either caused or aggravated her bilateral knee 

 

9 B.C., Docket No. 20-0221 (issued July 10, 2020); M.V., Docket No. 18-0884 (issued December 28, 2018); I.J., 59 

ECAB 408 (2008).

10 R.C., Docket No. 19-0376 (issued July 15, 2019); Federal (FECA) Procedure Manual, Part 2 -- Claims, Causal 

Relationship, Chapter 2.805.3e (January 2013)

11 J.H., Docket No. 18-1637 (issued January 29, 2020). See also A.P., Docket No. 17-0813 (issued January 3, 

2018); Jimmy A. Hammons, 51 ECAB 219, 223 (1999).

12 See T.K., Docket No. 20-0150 (issued July 9, 2020); John J. Carlone, 41 ECAB 354 (1989); Horace Langhorne, 

29 ECAB 820 (1978).
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condition.

13

 If the physician opines that the diagnosed condition is not causally related to the 

accepted employment factors, he or she must explain with rationale how or why their opinion 

differs from that of Dr. Gealt. Following this and other such further development as deemed 

necessary, OWCP shall issue a de novo decision.

CONCLUSION

The Board finds that this case is not in posture for decision.

ORDER

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT the September 4, 2019 decision of the Office of 

Workers’ Compensation Programs is set aside, and the case is remanded for further proceedings 

consistent with this decision of the Board.

Issued: January 11, 2021

Washington, DC

Alec J. Koromilas, Chief Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

Patricia H. Fitzgerald, Alternate Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

Valerie D. Evans-Harrell, Alternate Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

 

13 Supra note 10 at Chapter 2.805.3e (January 2013). See R.D., Docket No. 18-1551 (issued March 1, 2019).