# Patent

## Title
Enhancements to meterless remote parking monitoring systems

## Abstract

A remote meterless parking monitoring system including a plurality of individual parking spaces, a plurality of vehicle detector/RFID units for monitoring the status of the individual parking spaces; at least one Gateway device responsive to the plurality of vehicle detector/RFID units; a Command and Control Server for employing numerous security provisions at least including encryption of data, Virtual Privacy Networks, firewalls and authenticated connections and responsive to data from said Cellular gateway via the internet; and the Command and Control Server uses the status of each space and the ID from the motorist's RFID tag to cross reference data according to a Policy database and identifying the motorist through a Motorist Database including information about the motorist's mailing address, vehicle payment account balance or other information.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/805,595 filed on Aug. 6, 2010 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,330,624) and claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application No. 61/272,028, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to: (1) using RFID tags to identify parking classification; (2) use of RFID tags to allow temporary exemptions to individuals for purposes of special events, temporary injury or other short-term allowances for special parking privileges; and (3) using RFID tags to identify unique customers and effect payment against an account; and (4) using RFID tags to identify unique customers and effect automatic issuance of parking citations.
2. Related Art
The provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/213,752, filed Jul. 10, 2009 and entitled: GEN II Meter System with Multiple Detection Sensor Types, Fault Tolerance Methods, Power Sharing and Multiple User Interface Methods. In a system such as the GEN II Meter System (Provisional Patent Application, Ser. No. 61/202,201, filed Feb. 5, 2009) built with multiple processors contained in a Single node provides internal monitoring of the operability of all units. An alphanumeric identifying message ID for each message is transmitted from a component to identify intermittent and other communication errors such as consistently “lost” packets of information within a RAM system (patent application Ser. No. 11/802,244, filed May 21, 2007) for parking management. An alphanumeric identifying message ID for each message transmitted from a component to identify intermittent and other communication errors such as consistently “lost” packets of information within a RAM system for Parking Management. An alphanumeric message ID confirms message delivery between radio network components in the RAM system for parking. The alphanumeric message ID confirms message delivery between radio network components in the RAM system for parking. The above alphanumeric message ID confirms message delivery between radio network components in the RAM system for parking. A Reed relay is used as a method of time stamping Parking Meter collections and sending sets of commands either directly from handheld implements or through a radio network.
The provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/202,201 filed Feb. 5, 2009 which relates to multiple task specific processors such as an Application Processor, a Meter Controller and a Radio Processor all controlled via a shared SPI bus and using rechargeable batteries and solar power sources for controlling and monitoring a vehicle parking meter system.
The provisional patent application 61/213995, filed Aug. 6, 2009 and entitled: Radar Vehicle Detection System, employs a specific form of radar technology to Remote Asset Management (RAM)) parking systems such as that disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/802,244, filed May 21, 2007.
The invention entitled: Parking System Employing RAM Techniques, Ser. No. 11/802,244, filed May 21, 2007, which relates to the management of vehicle parking systems and, in particular, to such systems using remote management techniques for enhancing management efficiency and to provide solutions to the parking system that could otherwise not be managed by: (1) sensing, collecting, recording and displaying data regarding all aspects of the environment pertaining to the parking system; (2) analyzing the data collected to create actionable outputs responsive to the needs of the public and the management of the parking systems; (3) communicating with the various parking system components; and (4) receiving feedback to perform requested operations for the parking system.
The provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/213,768, entitled: Meterless Remote Parking Monitoring System, filed Aug. 6, 2009 relates to: (1) using Radio Frequency Identification tags (RFID) for permitting in a parking lot to identify valid parkers from violators of permitted parking; (2) employing space-by-space vehicle detection in addition to RFID equipped permits; (3) employing a combined RFID permitting system with vehicle detection into a RAM system for Parking Management; (4) transmitting all proximate RFID tags read by any RFID reader in the Meterless Remote Parking Monitoring System; and (5) a version of the foregoing systems that uses the same technology for a paid parking environment.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Using RFID Tags to Identify Parking Classification
The problem solved relates to the fact that various parking lots may be used by various types of occupants with varying desired use profiles. For example, a university parking area may be used by both instructors, students housed on campus and commuting students. The university may wish to grant instructors unlimited parking privileges, limit commuting students parking to 6 hours at a time and allow students housed on campus a maximum of 90 minutes of parking at a time. These varying limits can cause difficulty in determining if a vehicle, as noted by vehicle presence detectors has exceeded, has exceeded the allowable time granted to the individual motorist.
The solution is that each RFID tag is recorded using its unique number in a data base in the Command and Control Interface (CCI) reference in the aforementioned Ram patent. This data record would also contain information about the motorist to whom it was issued and the classification of permit that was issued to them. When the RFID tag is read by the remote space monitoring system, its unique ID number is transmitted to the CCI. This unique number is then cross-referenced by the CCI to determine what kind of permit the motorist in the space was issued. The type of motorist is then cross-referenced against a set of data records outlining the limits for each location and each type of motorist. A violation notice can then be generated and transmitted as needed to enforcement personnel once the established time limit has been exceeded.
Use of RFID Tags to Allow Temporary Exemptions to Individuals for Purposes of Special Events, Temporary Injury or Other Short Term Allowances for Special Parking Privileges
The problem is that individual motorists, in some cases, are granted special parking privileges for a specific amount of time. The reasons can vary from a temporary physical injury to a special event. Such situations create a number of falsely identified violations in a meterless parking system.
The solution is that either groups of permits or even individual permits can be granted a special policy to grant special privileges to park in spaces otherwise unavailable to them (i.e. handicapped spaces, spaces normally reserved for commuting students, etc.) for a specified time. A record can be made that associates the unique RFID tag numbers to specific time limits and locations. Such assignments operate only for the time desired by the parking managers.
Using RFID Tags to Identify Unique Customers and Effect Payment Against a Parking Account
The problem is that Meterless Parking installations do not lend themselves to allowing users to pay for time parked based on usage. Without meters, users must either purchase open-ended permits or the manager of the parking lot must employ attendants to monitor the entrance and exits of the parking area to allow users to pay only for the time they use the lot.
The solution is that by using the unique ID from each RFID tag, the unique motorist in each spot can be definitely identified as well as the exact arrival and departure time. The data transmitted by the meterless remote parking monitoring system can be compared with information stored in the Command and Control Interface (CCI) that identifies the motorist to whom the RFID permit was issued. This information can then charge an account associated with the motorist for the time that the motorist occupied the space. The account used to charge parking fees can be either an account set up and funded with a credit balance on behalf of the motorist ahead of time or a credit or bank account authorized by the motorist to which the fees can be charged directly. The rates and policies for each location and motorist type would be stored in additional tables in databases accessed by the CCI to assure the correct fee is charged based both on the motorist in question (should different classes of motorist have different rates) and the location in which they parked.
Using RFID tags to identify unique customers and effect automatic issuance of parking citations
The problem is that even with remote monitoring of meterless parking spaces, deploying an individual is still needed to issue a citation to the motorist.
The solution is that the unique ID of the RFID tag used by a motorist can be cross-referenced against the motorist data in the data bases accessed by the Command and Control Interface (CCI) to determine the mailing address at each violating motorist. Using this information, a parking violation can be issued by mailing a citation notice to the motorist's mailing address. Additionally, if a parking manager so chooses, permits of those individuals with some number of outstanding violations can be flagged as suspended and invalid for use. This would allow the manager to take corrective action such as towing or immobilizing the vehicle to cause the motorist to respond to the outstanding citations.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 outlines the components established in the provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/213,768 for a remote meterless parking monitoring system;
FIG. 2 illustrates a flow diagram of a sample process by which motorists may be associated with a particular parking policy;
FIG. 3 illustrates a flow diagram of a sample process by which motorists may be associated with a particular parking policy; and
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of a process for identifying violations by the system and then automatically cited when the embodiment of the application allows.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
With respect to FIG. 1, elements 1, 2 and 3 represent a plurality of vehicle detector/RFID reader devices which are monitoring the status of individual parking spaces. They communicate with one or more Gateway devices (such as Cellular Gateway 4). The device pictured in this diagram is one which connects to the internet via a cellular connection, but it is understood that gateways can connect to the internet 5 using any of a number of connection technologies as conditions would merit. Data is passed along to the Command and Control Server 6 from the internet 5. While not shown, or specifically required, the connection from the Vehicle Detector/R units 1, 2 and 3 to the Command and Control Server 6 can employ numerous security provisions including, but not limited to, encryption of data, Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), firewalls and authenticated connections. Once the data is transmitted to the Command and Control Server 6, the status of each space and the ID from the motorist's RFID tag can be used to cross reference data according to the Policy database 8 regarding the spaces reporting an updating status and the motorist who is identified by the RFID tag's ID number through the Motorist Database 7. The data is processed as seen in FIG. 2 and any alerts for enforcement dispatched via connections to the mobile computers 9 in use by enforcement personnel and/or used to create automated citation notices for mailing to the violating motorists.
FIG. 2 illustrates a flow diagram of a sample process by which motorists may be associated with a particular parking policy. This process starts at Start Space Policy Assignment component 10 after which the user determines if the policy desired already exists in the policy database 11. If the policy exists, the process continues directly to the step 13. Otherwise the process first passes to Create Policy Profile in Policy Database step 12 where the desired policy is created before proceeding to step 13. In step 13, the motorist is chosen from the existing motorists in the motorist database or created if they do not exist. In step 14, the proper space policy is selected for the motorist. In step 15, the spaces, lots of other types of groupings are assigned to the motorist so that space restrictions can be applied. In step 16, the time frames for the policy assignment are defined so that the assignment can be applied to begin and/or cancelled in the future without further intervention. The record is saved to an assignment database in step 17 before finishing the process in step 18.
While this is a sample of how a policy might be created, further embodiments are envisioned in which default policies could be assigned to motorists and alternative policies could be applied for short periods of time by adding notations to the assignment records as to which policy is currently active on a dynamic basis by the Command and Control Interface.
With respect to FIG. 3, the process starts at step 19 when a vehicle arrives in the parking space. This causes the RFID reader to be awoken in step 20. All of the readable RFID tags in the reading range of the reader are determined in step 21 and the results transmitted to the Command and Control Server in step 22. The Command and Control Server then determines the proper RFID tag to associate with the newly arrived motorist as laid out in the Meterless Remote Parking Monitoring System, provisional patent Ser. No. 61/213,768 in step 23. The results of the RFID tag to motorist association may encounter situations where there is no tag to associate with the newly arrived motorist. This is determined at step 24 and if no tag is associated with the motorist, a violation alert is issued in step 28. Otherwise, the motorist's identity is determined from the Motorist database in step 25 and the current Policy assignment is determined for that motorist by examining the record policy association records in step 26. The motorist's space allowances are checked to see if their permit applies to the space in which they have parked in step 27. In the case that a motorist is not permitted in the space, a violation alert is issued to enforcement personnel in step 28.
For motorists permitted to park in the associated space, further monitoring is enacted. First, the policy is examined to determine if a time limit exists for parking in step 34. If a time limit exists, the spaces' maximum occupancy time is set to equal that time limit in step 35. Otherwise, it is set to “No Limit” in step 36. Then it is determined if the policy requires monetary payment for time in step 37. If the policy requires payment, the motorist's account balance is checked to determine the maximum time that can be purchased with the value in their account in step 38 by dividing the balance by the rate for the space. This value is used to set the occupant's, maximum time: If no payment is required by the policy, the occupant's maximum time is set to “No Limit” in step 39. The Maximum occupant time is then compared to the space's maximum occupancy time and re-set to equal the space's maximum occupancy time if is shorter in step 40.
Once set, the status of the space is continuously monitored in a loop until the motorist departs the space (steps 41-43). If at any time, the current time of day is after the allowable time-defined as the time of the motorists arrival plus the maximum occupant time as determined in steps 40-42, a violation alert is generated and issued to enforcement personnel in step 28.
Once enforcement personnel receive a violation alert on their mobile computers in step 28, they report to the space to verify the RFID Permit in the vehicle against the reported RFID tag ID (or lack of permit) generated by the system in step 29.
If the system has generated a valid violation in step 30 as determined by comparing the system reported RFID tag ID to the permit in the vehicle, the enforcement person issues a citation to the motorist or boots the vehicle in step 31 and sends the information related to that citation/boot back to the Command and Control Server in step 32 using the mobile computer.
If, instead, the system generated a potentially false violation because an incorrect RFID tag ID was associated with the space or the tag could not be read at all, the enforcement office records the number visible on the permit in step 33 and transmits it back to the Command and Control Server. From there, the process resumes at step 25 and any valid violations alerted as previously described.
FIG. 4 illustrates how violations are identified by the system and then automatically cited when the embodiment of the application allows. The process starts at step 44 when a vehicle arrives in the space. This causes the RFID reader to be awoken in step 45. All of the readable RFID tags in the reading range of the reader are determined in step 46 and the results transmitted to the Command and Control Server in step 47. The Command and Control Server then determines the proper RFID tag to associate with the newly arrived motorist as laid out in the Remote Parking Monitoring System (provisional patent Ser. No. 61/213,768) in step 48. The results of the RFID tag to motorist association may encounter situations where no tag to associate with the newly arrived motorist. This is determined at step 49, and if no tag is associated with the motorist, a violation alert is issued in step 53.
Once enforcement personnel receive a violation alert on their mobile computers in step 53, they report to the space to verify the RFID permit in the vehicle against the reported RFIFD tag ID (or lack of permit) generated by the system in step 54.
If the system has generated a valid violation in step 55 as determined by comparing the system reported RFID tag ID to the permit in the vehicle, the enforcement person issues a citation to the motorist or boots the vehicle in step 56 and sends the information related to that citation/boot back to the Command and Control Server in step 57 using the mobile computer.
If, instead, the system generated a potentially false violation because an incorrect RFID tag ID was associated with the space or the tag could not be read at all, the enforcement officer records the number visible on the permit in step 58 and transmits it back to the Command and Control Server. From here the process resumes at step 50 and any valid violations are alerted as previously described.
If a tag is successfully associated with the new motorist, his identity is determined from the Motorist database in step 50 and the current Policy assignment is determined for that motorist by examining the record policy association records in step 51. The motorist's space allowances are checked to see if their permit applies to the space in which they have parked in step 52. In the case that a motorist is not permitted in the space, a citation is generated and mailed to the motorist based on the address information stored in the motorist data base in step 69.
For motorists permitted to park in the associated space, further monitoring is enacted. First, the policy is examined to determine if a time limit exists for parking in step 59. If a time limit exists, the space's maximum occupancy time is set equal to that time limit in step 60. Otherwise, it is set to “No Limit” in step 61. Then it is determined if the policy requires monetary payment for time in step 62. If the policy requires payment, the motorist's account balance is checked to determine the maximum time that can be purchased with the value in their account in step 63 by dividing the balance by the rate for the space. This value is used to set the occupant's maximum time. If no payment is required by the policy, the occupant's maximum time is set to “No Limit” in step 64. The maximum occupant time is then compared to the maximum occupancy time of the space and re-set to equal the maximum occupancy time of the space if it is shorter in step 65.
Once set, the status of the space is continuously monitored in a loop until the motorist departs the space (steps 66-68). If at any time, the current time of day is after the allowable time-defined as the time of the motorist's arrival plus the maximum occupant time as determined in step 67, a citation is generated and mailed to the motorist based on the address on the address information stored in the motorist data base in step 69.

## Claims

1. A remote meterless parking monitoring system comprising:
at least one vehicle detector associated with at least one parking space;

an RFID reader coupled to the at least one vehicle detector, the RFID reader being arranged to read RFID tags of the at least one parking space and RFID tags of other parking spaces different from the at least one parking space of parking spaces; and
a Command and Control Server responsive to data, received through a gateway, from the at least one vehicle detector and the RFID reader;
where the remote meterless parking monitoring system is programmed so that the at least one vehicle detector detecting a new vehicle causes the RFID reader to wake and the RFID reader is programmed to read all of the RFID tags in a reading range of the RFID reader and communicate data from the RFID tags to the Command and Control Server,
where the command and control server includes a Parking Policy Database and a Motorist Database and is configured to, upon arrival of the new vehicle in the at least one parking space, cross reference the data from the at least one vehicle detector and the RFID reader with a status of each parking space and an ID from a motorist RFID tag according to the Parking Policy Database and identify a motorist through the Motorist Database, and determine a parking space location and time allowance of the at least one parking space from an associated policy in the Policy Database and a vehicle payment account balance in the Motorist Database for the motorist.

2. The remote meterless parking monitoring system of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of Mobile Computers responsive to said Command and Control Server and in use by an enforcement personnel for creating automated citation notices for mailing to a violating motorist.

3. The remote meterless parking monitoring system of claim 1, where the command and control server is configured to:
determine if a Parking Policy Profile exists in the Parking Policy database;
if the Parking Policy Profile exists, select the Motorist associated with the Parking Policy Profile from an existing Motorist List in the Motorist database;
create an Entry in the Motorist database for a new Motorist in the event the motorist is not in the motorist database;
select a Space Policy for the Motorist; and
select at least one of the Parking Spaces and a Space grouping allowed for the Motorist.

4. The remote meterless parking monitoring system of claim 3, where the command and control server is further configured to:
set a beginning and an ending effective date;
save a Policy Assignment Record; and
end a Space Policy Assignment.

5. The remote meterless parking monitoring system of claim 3, wherein, if the Parking Policy for the Motorist does not exist in the Parking Policy database, the command and control server is configured to create the Parking Policy profile in the Parking Policy database.

6. A method in a remote meterless parking monitoring system for assigning parking policies to parking spaces, the method comprising:
starting an occupant monitoring process;
waking an RFID Reader with a Vehicle Detector in response to detecting a vehicle in a parking space;
determining with the RFID Reader all readable RFID Tags in proximity to the parking space;
transmitting an RFID Reader determination to a Command and Control Server;
determining an RFID Tag for a Motorist in the parking space;
determining with the Command and Control Server if one of the readable RFID Tag is associated with the Motorist, where the Command and Control Server is responsive to data, received through a gateway, from the at least one vehicle detector and the RFID reader;
if no RFID tag exists in a parking space, issuing a violation alert;
if the one of the readable RFID tags is associated the Motorist, determining the motorist from a motorist database using an RFID tag ID of the RFID tag; and
finding an associated Parking Policy assignment from an assignment table;
determining, upon the detection of the vehicle in the parking space, a parking space location and time allowance from the associated Parking Policy and a vehicle payment account balance in the motorist database for the motorist; and
if the motorist is not permitted in the parking space location, issuing a violation alert.

7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
recording the RFID tag ID and transmitting the RFID tag ID to the Command and Control Server;
if the violation alert is issued, verifying the one of the readable RFID tags against a permit in the Vehicle and determining if the RFID tag ID matches the RFID tag ID in a Command and Control Server database;
issuing a citation or boot violation; and
sending the citation or boot violation details to the Command and Control Server to end the occupant monitoring process.

8. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
determining if the Motorist is permitted in the Parking Space;
if the Motorist is permitted in the Parking Space, determining if the Parking Space has a Time Limit;
if the Parking Space has the time limit, Set a Parking Space Maximum Time Limit to the Time Limit for the Parking Policy;
if the Parking Space does not have the Time Limit, Set a Parking Space Maximum Time Limit to a No Limit;
determining if the Parking Space requires a payment;
if the Parking Space requires the payment, Set an Occupant Allowable Maximum Time to a smaller value of the Parking Space Maximum Time or the Occupant Allowable Maximum Time;
if the Parking Space does not require the payment, Set the Occupant Allowable Maximum Time to a No Limit;
Set a Maximum Occupant time to the smaller value of the Parking Space Maximum Time Limit or the Occupant Allowable Maximum Time;
checking a violation Status;
determining if a Current Time is greater than an Arrival Time plus the Maximum Occupant Time;
if the Current Time is greater than the Arrival Time plus the Maximum Occupant Time, then issue the Violation Alert;
if the Current Time is not greater than the Arrival Time plus the Maximum Occupant Time, then wait until an Occupant Departs; and
end the Occupant Monitoring Process.

9. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
if the violation alert is issued, verifying the RFID tag ID against a Permit Tag in the vehicle;
determining if the Permit Tag is in the vehicle and if YES, recording the RFID tag ID;
identifying and transmitting the RFID tag ID to the Command and Control Server;
if there is no Permit Tag in the vehicle, issuing a Citation or Boot Violation;
sending the Citation or Boot violation details to the Command and Control Server and ending the Occupant Monitoring Process.

10. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
determining if the Motorist is permitted in the Parking Space;
if the Motorist is permitted in the Parking Space, determining if the Parking Space has a Time limit;
if the Parking Space has the Time limit, Set a Parking Space Maximum Time limit to the Time limit for the Parking Policy;
if the Parking Space does not have the Time limit, Set the Parking Space Maximum Time limit to a NO LIMIT;
determining if the Parking Space requires a payment;
if the Parking Space requires the payment, Set an Occupant Allowable Maximum Time to the vehicle payment account balance divided by a Parking Space Rate;
if the Parking Space does not require the payment, Set the Occupant Allowable Maximum Time to the NO LIMIT;
if the Parking Space does require the payment, Set a Maximum Occupant time to a smaller value of the Parking Space Maximum Time limit or the Occupant Allowable Maximum Time;
checking a violation Status;
determining if a Current Time is greater than an Arrival Time plus the Maximum Occupant Time;
if the Current Time is greater than the Arrival Time plus the Maximum Occupant Time, Send the Motorist a Citation Notice at a mailing address in the Motorist Database and End the Occupant Monitoring Process;
if the Current Time is not greater than the Arrival Time plus the Maximum Occupant Time, then wait until an Occupant Departs; and
ending the Occupant Monitoring Process.