**OFFicE OF**  **THE ATTORNEY**  **GENERAL 01=**  **TEXAS**

EonoreblcCen V. Jackson rJ1st.rict

Attorney Houston, Tcras **AUSTIN**

**‘ \** 

**,i :**  **: Altcentloll:**  Hr. John Snell, Jr. li -..-

t.Ebr sir: O~llllOIl No. o-5621

-\,, vhf* doflne peace officers?" \

Peace transferred this

'1 have raaelvod yours 

### of Ootober 28th; and, in reply, wlsb to olte you aortain section@ of the city Code of fioustoa,Taxasr
"sec. 1643. Specie1 Offlccrr for tempor8ry aorvioe Sn ewgonoy. The mayor, in 0a8e of 8 riot, flood, fLre, or other public emsrgenoy, crhall have Power'to sppolat, for temporary 8eroloe only end**i i** 

j~cmrebleDan U. Jeoksoa, page 2

not to 

### excseC thirtydays, any number of apeclal 0fflCers and to Clsohargs the same at uill. salid specl.al

off:cua shall be paid by the city for serrloe renduwd the olty in the dlsoharge of their dutlos at 8 salary rate to bo determlned bs the WjrOI-.
"3~. 1280 (firor. and last parsgraphs) Po1100 Chief LO adopt rule8 and rqulatlona; publlcattan 

### of rules; 

### l uxlllarx pollco force; air raid vardon8.


### vhe ahlef 

### of polioe. **8ubject** to the approval of tba a8yor, 1s hsrsby 

### l uthorl8etl,

directed and **sarpo~~ad to**  **prepare aaa**  **prom&ate** such rule8 and **regulations,** l



### w.3 rarlslons 

### and amabents 

### thereof,
**as** UT, Lo hi8 dlsaretloa, be neoesnry for tha oonduot oi puaau8 &wing air raid prlods, and la ordu td 

### carry out tha expressed intent of this 8rtlOlo; pmvidd, &VOV~F, 

### that no much rule or 

### rtgulatloa8ball be aoatmry to the prorislons of this artlole.
%a chief of poli4e, **subject to**  the **approval of**  the **rye?, amy**  armto, **tora and**  **cODduct** l **g auxti**  

### larypall48 

### fop08 or **other** orgaaaltatlon 

### or appoint suchair ralav~~ or oth* peraoas vhomay, ln hia dlaorotfm, bs naosssary to 

### our7 out the pro-. ~1814~ of thla utlole anA the 

### rub8 and **rogula** tlw **adopted** 

### paau8mt tlwreto,
"saa.1681. 

### Aathorlt~ $0 appo1ntj pollee parers; **Th4 myor**  

### of **tha alty**  **la h4r4by**  l**uthc4?144d** to appoint, 

### from tin 

### to tiw, l pwlal officer8 to **8crva** 4ad 4at at **private** pU4es of **bu8lnea8,** ln8titutlons or hwa 

### far **duty** in an4 at l u4h plaoea only, upon the requsat a& r*oma&atlon 

### of the 

### omu8, **ten-. urta**  or peoprleter8 of s\rah plasma. Any 8pe4lcrl OS 

### tiou *ho ha. 

### kou rppo1at.d**br tha**  **ryo~** &all hsvc full authority of a pollae offloer to protmt life 8n4 property at 

### tha plsoa for whloh he hs8 bean sppplnred.

n

. . . .pnoratle Dan c'. Jackson, page 3

“Sec. 1683. Salary. SpeCld OffiCel-8 ah411 receive no salary from the city, but #ball be pal6 uholly by the person employing them.

"sea. 1664. Can4ellatlon of oomlas14.m. The o~S#iO,, of auy sjmli.1 0ffiO.r Sh4llbS Sub l 4t to aanoellatlon st any time by the aym or o hi

### of of pOliCa, for Cmg WUSC that c&y or either of thw deea l uffialent.

Yea. 1685. Explratloa OS 0orri881olr. All CwiSSiOnS Shall 4xpim 

### 8UtwttmllJ 8t tidnlght 

### on the thirty-flrrt by of Deoenbu IO any jeer. *

. . . .
'ho. 1694. 

### Eight to l p palnt 

### temp4rar~apa4lal offioers ln 

### wrgewy uot rffooted. liow ln this artlale shall In any ulaa llmlt 

### or abridge the 

### rl@t oftheuy4rtoapp4lnt,atanytlrs,f4rup4aaae deem& l

uffloient by hlm, la ease of an enrgauiy &:.;~~;&@$ such as fire, 

### floods, riots or 

### other eYrgenol48,

saOh #peOl.al

offiOer8 as my be r4Quir4d for a puiOd Of Pot t0 4X4eed thil'ty &yS.
"soa.1695. 

### bobjeot to 

### -11 in 488e Oi pUbll0 l nrgewyj arb4 p&o06 orrpelloe &ewtwrt psp roll aad given badge. 

### It 18 8180 

### rurtbr expreaal~ gPOVib4d th.tti thO.4 hOktt* -SW SC SW-

, ~::*!:j/j:j:.



### 8181 oifloara, 

### a&n ba rubJ#t to the ~11 of the myor sad tha 4hlef 

### of pollae ln ease of a 

### Hot, r144d,rlre m other publl4a4rg4a4~. upcmth4 44- 4-e. OfSay l ueh 

### l merguro3tb4 -JOI, alullSl.6~' km4 th4 pOWU t0 pba4 St&y Sp44ul 

### OtfiOu ob the nwar pou44 

### deparwnt p~oii r- a puied not 

### to @rood thirty days, 

### aad lx muah la ae 

### &haohid of pelloe ahall laman 

### to rauh spoolal 0iriur a **regular** polloemn*a badge t4 be wed by umh otti4Or tw tb8 p4riOd Of tin4 that ha t# 84wa a 

### the pollee deputmat durm ruab wrgauar.

>I::, Yhe auxiliary poll04 offioen of th4 citr of

&UStOn 

### Serve by r4aSOP of the l bove 84OtiW,8 lf the city Code. There la no **executive** or&r under vhloh 

### the l u*illuy police foroc 18 operated.”**Artlolt** 

### 995, Rarimtd

### dt8tutea. 1925, provides

### a8

follow8:



### “uhoaever the 

### M ar duu it Mco8sery, 

### la order to larorao



### tha L 18 of the atty. or to avert 

### deagor, or to gwotoat life or property,la aeoe of 

### riot **or any**  **outbreak or**  

### eelamity**or** publla **dimturb elwx?**  **# or**  **when ho**  **hee** roe8011to 

### fsar **euy** 

### 8orlous **vlol~~lom of**  **hu or**  **or&r.** 

### or **any outbrmk**  

### or **my** 

### othsr Ua&pr 

### to ~16 

### oity, or tbo lnb8bitant8 thorrof, he 8hall 8OIDIL 

### Lnto l

### *rvloe 88 e aipealal POlice rorco, all or 

### 88 mj or ths Cltl88as as in N8 jupewnt my be 

### aeoo8ury. Such 

### 8usmoas nmy 

### ba **by grr#lamtlaa**  **or 0th.~**  **ardu** 

### eddre8scd **to the**  

### c1tluae **gsserally, or**  **thou of**  **ally ward**  **of the**  al&y,

or l 

### ubdi.risioa

thereof,or my be by personl

### lmtL!x~tloa. swdh 8p0oielpollao r0rctt 

### while la 8OCVloe,shellbe 8uhjut to the 

### oders of the ulyo r,

eimll porfom luoh dutiee a8he

ray xwqllre, 

### cad ahellheve 

### ttn eam~ pour vklla on duty aa the rogulu **pollae** tore0 0r 80id **oity."**
**maoh** 36, a0d0 0r cr-1 ~OC~~UIW, protithe:
"~8~3 rbiiaviog u+0 *p0800 0rflo0r881 8h0 shorlff amlhi8 6opat%os,ooastabl~, the urnhal **or polluM8**  **of aa**  **lumrpomcod** tolm **or olty,**  **the** 0m08~. **db0+00u8~;0~d** 0fri0ul8 **ti pm8880**  0rtb0 stet0w sw0O,OeGuypmmt0 perOm 

### epeo~lly

l p pasaed

ta uuuto o rieael

p r00ue.~ &tiOlo uh7, 

### &mtiO%.l, l'.Orl thd-0, prOrid*
Aal

### eeeult or

### b8ttuy hea avs e@ pamaa vhon **conltted au4er**  **a8y of**  **the** follovlq~ OirOOUOt8WO8z

Nhen 

### aamtCto0 up06 aa oftlaa ia t&a I.eALw ~8 oi a# dUCi08 Or hi8 OmOO, ir ituaehowaordular.dto&heorrwxlerthetthe mream

l8uultod v8e 80 

### orf ’i4r.r dLsoher&ng en orri0id **du8y.**
**”**

**. .**  **. .**  

### To oonatltuteths 

### offeaoa of agSNvated l

### rtiultvten **SQ** sauult **18** oarittul **upor 80**  **orricer there**  must **be --**  **rlr8t**~ofiorcbls Cam i;.Jackcon, page 5

cn acccultt 8eaon6, the person 888aulted must **ba en**  Officer **In** the d18Ohu‘gO Of hlc dUtl.Sj u&d, third, the l **88ault must**  be -de cc cn lnterruptloa or ths **ofricer ’** **s** offlolrl dutlsc. The foregoing prOpO8itioXl 18 sUpparted by our OYII Court Of Crl~llncl A9peClS. See Blrdctto v. stata, 150 3. Y. (2d) 1035, and the cuthorltlcc oltod 

### tharmfa6er.

Under th8 **d140ru410a** ar Pub110 ofri00rO In 22 Ruling a80 tru, 90~~ 397, ~0 rm the **r0ii0ving** ~u~rgr;

* on the grouadth8ttba prlnolp8lduty **Or** polio; **&riOOrS** 18 tkh0 **prO8OWStlW Or**  tb pub110 peaa*, **VhiOh** 

### 18 8 Utter 

### Or public CWQOIP, it ha. boon held that poll IIWe Dub110 OfriOOrS‘;-

. . . hcabcmahcld tk mombars of ttn 

### dotectlvo 

### dbputmut 0r 

### 8 dictrlct pollee foroc, orgsni~d t,UXior

St&t0 8tauto uhlch OOniorrd an them tho **ponrs** or pollee otilccr8 end **constables,** cre pub110 oflloors end not wrcly Olrp1OyUOS of-**the** conccrmmlth." **(tkld.~SOCWilrg OlU-8)** 

**h the**  **MM Of**  **XiOaiUS V.**  HUtChiruOn **CO., 55**  **A.L.R.** 1191, ow Beacon 

### ns ca erployoe or the 

### PortlandThwtor 

### snd
**won the**  urtttea **requert or**  his employer he vaa 8ppointed cpecl81 pollcorm by the 

### City Cowicll of Portland a8 8uthorlzed **bY fba**  **h8** Or thy Stat0 oi Jkw. **818** sorrlau nro pcld by the thutor end la the aarw ho oloaued up 

### about the thectcr wN10 ct or- end dnrlng cbvv tlr hc wore his unlfcwm end 

### Yam stationedin tha lobby amI kloomy md 

### kept ardor, quletn-4, 

### kqt the 81810s aloar la keopiog rlth the flro **rub8 Sd**  10l **~WUl -8**  **~SOE ’** **Vd th0**  

### tht sata held that: Officer. **“ AS**  **a ~orr~~r~** **“ ~~c~~toO~.Cd** 

Thor. 18 l very

### able d180u881arr0r l l 1tuat1on rlal-' 1~ to the

005 

### uuler l

a a#ldmtiOm

hr0hood in the Uh4tley Cc40 

### raporto4 In 3 S. Y. (W) 174 

### rhoroin JuotloeWsrtln VWking r0c 0~ court 0r c~irlrui Appeals, bra th0 r0ii0hg to My: “&p.lbnt 

### -8 00U~iOt.dOf l ggnv0t.d l

### S**SaLlIt upon**  **oar** J. **II.** Ohuts, ‘ths **uld** J. **H.** Chocte them and 

### thoro bclng 8 cpealcl p01loo offlaw of the 

### oity al Big Spria&'I 

### poaalt~,rim 

### of $25.**“ A**  l**Uff~Ol8Ut** St.tO..nt **Of thS**  fOOt8 -OS- **~8l.y CO**  **lllU8tXSte** th0 **bV FilltS**  **d1IlOlUS~d 10**  briefly 

### 88 fO11OVS:
#The procaoutfng rltnws, Choate, on the 15th day or nay, 1926, **received** rrcm the maym of Bi,.g Spring the following vrlttoo oppolntmntt
“‘st8t0 or T-S, c0tay 0f ri~nrd, city 0r Big Sprlag.
"2%8 18 to 

### oortlfythat by 

### vlrtw or rrtiCl0 9% af the **RMiCd StikUtOS**  **Of tbs**  **%&ta Of**  TeLPS, 1925, 3. n. ChMte 18 **busby** 8ppolntsd 8pdclcl polioemul r0r 

### the olty of B& 8prlag, Texas, vlth all and full paver glvon him 

### under the uld crtlole and **for** the purpose of enforolng any and 

### 811 the hV8 **Or th0**  **8tate Or**  **TOWS Uithin**  **th0 8ity**  liPit Or BlgS)prlllgCadth0 OFdiProoW8 Or t!MJ Uld c1r.y.

**“ ‘** **ThiS OO~SSlOSl**  

### 18 t0 r#la ia fWC0 Ulltil the olty oounoll oi the olty of Big Sprlag chcll 

### meet in **Fugular** 808~1oCL.
**Oivoa **under** tho haad and seal or 

### the olty **of** Ba Spd.n& thic the 15th4q or IU3,A.D. 

### 1926, 8t m s-f&& 8OVU’d **OOWtJ,** 

### ?OlUC.

**“ ‘** **al*** **u. -8,** 

**“ ‘** **(SskL.)** ~YW, city 0r m8 SW-.
"'Attoct: Loulu 

### Hlddlotoa, S&Wry, City 

### of Big

Spring, by V. M.'
He tho rurtor

l**8t.d** l8 

### 8Wti1 pollSomu uatii cttor a at0 OS 

### th **0rr0M0** 0t *hioh amilax& **~88** ooarlrtod. Xemmroaoplisod88a 

### pellos ofriwr 

### by the 0th.u OrflOOt8 

### or Bourd aouuty 

### and the city of Bl.gSpring, l

### S -11 88 by the publlo. 

### HeUdO fTaQWlttWMCtS, OOlbCting fiae8, l

### Pd exerolsing t!xcdutloc tuually 

### ~rforrd **by** 8 pallcs ofrioar. 

### on tho 

### date la 

### qUCStiOll, **chute arrested**  rI:pelhnt cm l pub110 ltreot la the olcy of Bigfi;onoreblc Can *I.

Jnck8on. page 7

Spring for diaturblng the pcaaa and for belag drunk in a public place. Be further tertiflod th8t appliant at the time was drlrlne a aar vhlle lntoxloated **and uas**  **clrunk and**  curslug **on a**  **pub118** 

## street, and **that** this happened in hi8 pre8eaoe and ulthln hia rleu. Appellant ma8 arrested without a **uarrant.** Choate teotlfled tkat appellant knwv he ~88 an officer prior to and at **the tlmo**  of his arrest. Irosecutlng vltnem8. Choate, apparently aever qUrr1lfled by takl~ o8th or giving bond, 8n8 he sated at all tlme# by virtue of the appointment above at 811 tlma, but vlth the l aqulesoence

and 

### oomaent of the mayor of Big Spring and the city council **there** of. 88

. . . . **-A de**  

### hoto **offleer vam** **cleflnsd** by the court in his 

### charge a8 follovsr

**“ ‘** **A** de facto 

### offleer **18** one vho 18 in **po88a8- alOll**  **Of** U 

### OffiOe &Id d18Ohrgm **it8 dUtle8**  **under** color of luthorlty, **by** vhlsh 18 **meaPt** authority derived from an llootlon 

### or qpolntmeut, hoverer lr**regular or**  informl, **80 tbt**  **the lnaabent**  **be** 

## not
a mere roltmteer.'
'Thlm deflmltlocl. l **m-a to**  be la the l xmt verblAg of the ow l pprotod ip Bmua v. 

### State, 42 Tex. cr. R. 418, 60 S. u. 548,.96 A& St. Rep. t306i. bfhaterer



### right be said of it8 OorreCitW88 uod8r l dlfferont 8tate **of faot8,**  **me** boliov8 it **18 oorreot**  

### under those exhibited la this 

### reoord.

"It **Va8 Uid**  **h &OVIl**  **V.** atat., **8Upa,** tbt 'the deolelone irdleato that, before one a **be a**  de faoto offioer, there mut be waa offloe vhloh he oou1d hold de jurei* It Is plmulbl~ u: d bT ap&bdlU&t 

### tht 00 S&l OfflOe a8 8p8eia1 p0f" 100 Officer bad ever been eruted by orOiumaa of the city 

### of Big Sprln& ud aoae in Saot l xloted

under the Uv, lxvlthemfore pro8eoutlw **vltne88,** Choate, oould **not** becor **rurd0r** any state of **facta** a de **hot0** officer. A mufflcleot anaver to this 18 that article**_**

Honorable ;~n W. Jackeon, W$c 3

995, R. S. 1925, by **it8** tc= **PUthOrlZe8** the eppointPant of, and by swh, laplledl~ **at lea8t,**  create8 the4 office of, rpeJlo1 pollee officer. **It** b8 been held that a polloenen la a peace offloer. Hull v. %8te, 50 Tu. Cr. R. **607, 106**  **3. W.**  **403.** There being l

xpre88 8tatUtwj authority under l ald ertlole $495for 

### tha l ppClntwnt of prooroutl~ vlt**PC88 to**  th8 OfflOe b,a&8YuY4 t0 hold, we are Of the oplnlon th8t lyecotid **under** 8 **proper** 8tate of fact8 be a de hot0 offlc8r. **Are** 8Uoh fact8 prouac **la thl8**  reocud? **It 18**  **urged that**  **the** 

### vrltten l ppolntmeat oat out abow 

### l xpre88ly limited hlo 

### l ppoFotm8nt **to offioe**  to th8 next m8tiag Of the City **OOUtWil, M6,**  **thl8 OORt~rrO~**  **hW= htlpm**  06 long before the m8t in QtS88tiOn, he Ua8 therefore neither es ofiloer de jure nor a de f8OtO. By the tdZU8 Of **Uld** WtlOlO 995, 8uch Ui appOintwat ray be orelly wde. 

### The **reoord** 

### l

**fflrutlwly** 

### ahow **that VitM88**  ooatlnMa to *at vlth exprea8 con8ent awl aoqule8oewe **of** the oftr eouncll end ayor of **Ba Spring,**  **If 1lde~I**  It **4OV8 not**  **6hOU** that **he did**  **80 by**  their **8rpF888** direot1oa, until l **ftsr** the **al** lem **oaami88lao** of tin offew by appellant. It **fUPtbsr 8hOV8**  **b Vh8**  rgtt.d t0 b - **Va8 PeCOg**  **tiud** by **th0 pttb~io**  **a8** 8Wh OffiOer. UO rO@rd the8e faot8 a8 -1~ 

### l **ufiloieat to**  8hov affirmtire17 that br va8 8 DDEfaoto 

### officer. **Fnrthermorq,** ve lee a0 ru8oa to doubt **that** 8eld vitae88, if h8 continued to rot **uader** u 

### l xpi.red

ooml88loa vlth**out** iaterruptisn **ud** vlthoet qwatlon **br** tbv 

### pub110 arbf#n offloere afBi# 8pring, but 

### vlth their aaqulv8oomee, tht 8wh mot8 vould ooavtltute 

### hir l 

### de f-to Offlom. It **u8** 

### born uldr 

## l ëYOt, althou@ ln **84dl ’** **Vd CorriO81olr**  18 Wt color of tit10 to offloe, still, if an 

### l lvoted 

### or appoFated p&l;* offloer ooatlmn8, vitheut **break,** and vlthout queatlw by the p&110, to aural88 th8 fUMtlaa8 of theoffloe after the explwtion of hlr OOUf.UiOIt, thi8 18 l 6WthU.d eXewl8e Of the autle8 Of the offfoe by tioqule8oeaOe, 

### l aQ, under the Bodero rule, eosutltuto~ the **p~rron thm**  **sot** ink an offloer de faoto.' Rx ?arte Traoey (Tax. Cr.) APP.) **93 a.**  **w. 542.** Honorable Den W. Jaokaon, pege 9

**“ Quoting**  from thl8 authority further;

"'In 011 Of these Ca888 the doctrina i8 8Uaoumed chat, vhlle a de facto offlaer my be one uho hold8 under oolor of 8leotlon or appointPunt, vhich my not be altogether r8gular, there 18 rtlll **8nOthsP Oh88**  vho **my** be d8 fOOt0 OffiG8r8 **VithOUt** regard t0 eny eleCtiOU or OppOiUtIiI8at; that i8, one vho eXerOl888 the dUti88 Of Ul **Off%08** for a 18Ilgth 

### of clme, 8Qd acquleroence **on the**  **part of**  the **author** ities and of the publlo. fn 8uCh 088e8 the inourbent, regardle8a of hi8 lnductloa,mg be ooiuldered 8 de root0 officer. l l l k de facto offloer ry be 8uch l * l vlthout a knovn 

### l ppo~tuat or 8leotlon, but under 8UCh clrowJtaaa88 of reputation or acqul88aence 88 vere caloulated to lad1108 people, vlthout Inquiry, **to** 8ubmlt to or invoke hi8 

### l otlon, rupporlag his to be the offloer h8 088umd to **be. ’** 
*wthout eXpF888ly approvlag all th8 langurge **use&h the**  **Traoey Ca8e,**  **8upr0, vc**  regard it **and** the ca8e of Erovn v. State, **rupra,** a8 ample authority to uupport our vlov that th8 faotr **or8** 8Uffloleat to **ObOti ~OSSOUt~**  **VitM88 a**  **&** racto offloer on the **date** fn quartion."

In viev **of** the for8going authoritlell, you are adrilled it Is our oplnlon that an aurlliary pol$.ae **officer** 18 a mpeace officer" a8 that term 18 defined by &FtlCle 36, Code of Crlmlu81 **Ppocgdure,** and 18 **an** "offloer" vlthill the purvlev of Artlole ll!J'[. Swtfolp 1, of the Penal Code, vhen engaged la the ilavful 

### xllabarge of the dUtie8 of **hi8** ofrioe. **Very** truly your8 ATTORiTEXGEB8RALOF TEXAS r

JO:db Je88o DVenS A8818tallt