United States Department of Labor

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

__________________________________________

S.P., Appellant

and

U.S. POSTAL SERVICE, BAY VIEW/ST. 

FRANCIS STATION, Milwaukee, WI, Employer

__________________________________________

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Docket No. 20-0418

Issued: February 19, 2021

Appearances: Case Submitted on the Record

David Teergarden, for the appellant1

Office of Solicitor, for the Director

DECISION AND ORDER

Before:

ALEC J. KOROMILAS, Chief Judge

JANICE B. ASKIN, Judge

VALERIE D. EVANS-HARRELL, Alternate Judge

JURISDICTION

On December 11, 2019 appellant, through his representative, filed a timely appeal from a 

June 25, 2019 merit decision of the Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs (OWCP). 

Pursuant to the Federal Employees’ Compensation Act2(FECA) and 20 C.F.R. §§ 501.2(c) and 

501.3, the Board has jurisdiction over the merits of this case.

 

1

In all cases in which a representative has been authorized in a matter before the Board, no claim for a fee for legal 

or other service performed on appeal before the Board is valid unless approved by the Board. 20 C.F.R. § 501.9(e). 

No contract for a stipulated fee or on a contingent fee basis will be approved by the Board. Id. An attorney or 

representative’s collection of a fee without the Board’s approval may constitute a misdemeanor, subject to fine or 

imprisonment for up to one year or both. Id.; see also 18 U.S.C. § 292. Demands for payment of fees to a 

representative, prior to approval by the Board, may be reported to appropriate authorities for investigation.

2 5 U.S.C. § 8101 et seq.
2

ISSUE

The issue is whether appellant has established more than 37 percent permanent impairment 

of the left lower extremity for which he previously received schedule award compensation.

FACTUAL HISTORY

This case has previously been before the Board.3 The facts and circumstances set forth in 

the Board’s prior decisions are incorporated herein by reference. The relevant facts are as follows.

On May 3, 1994 appellant, then a 37-year-old letter carrier, filed a traumatic injury claim 

(Form CA-1) alleging that on May 2, 1994 he twisted his left knee when ascending stairs to a 

school carrying a heavy parcel while in the performance of duty. He stopped work on May 3, 1994 

and returned to full-duty work on July 18, 1994. OWCP accepted the claim for left medial 

meniscus tear and authorized left knee arthroscopic surgery, which was performed on 

May 27, 1994. It subsequently expanded acceptance of the claim to include osteoarthritis of the 

left lower leg, and other mechanical complications of internal orthopedic devices of the left lower 

extremity. 

On June 13, 1995 appellant filed a claim for a schedule award (Form CA-7). By decision 

dated December 7, 1995, OWCP granted appellant a schedule award for two percent permanent 

impairment of the left lower extremity. The period of the award ran for 5.76 weeks from 

December 8, 1994 to January 17, 1995.

In a letter dated February 12, 1996, appellant requested reconsideration of the December 7, 

1995 schedule award decision. By decision dated April 30, 1996, OWCP granted appellant a 

schedule award for an additional six percent permanent impairment of the left lower extremity, 

resulting in a schedule award for a total eight percent left lower extremity permanent impairment. 

The period of the award ran for 23.04 weeks from December 8, 1994 to May 18, 1995.

OWCP accepted a claim for a recurrence of medical treatment (Form CA-2a) on March 1, 

2002 and authorized left knee arthroscopy with partial medial meniscectomy and tibial osteotomy, 

which occurred on August 27, 2002. It paid wage-loss compensation for periods of disability.

On June 27, 2003 appellant filed a Form CA-7 for an increased schedule award. By 

decision dated April 21, 2004, OWCP granted a schedule award for an additional 22 percent 

permanent impairment of his left lower extremity, resulting in a total 30 percent left lower 

extremity permanent impairment. The period of the award ran for 63.36 weeks from June 11, 2003 

to August 27, 2004.

Appellant, after undergoing two additional left knee surgeries, again requested an increased 

schedule award, Form CA-7, on August 14, 2009. By decision dated November 18, 2009, OWCP 

granted a schedule award for an additional 7 percent permanent impairment, resulting in a total 37 

 

3 Docket No. 17-1628 (issued February 13, 2018), petition for recon. denied, Docket No. 17-1628 (issued 

August 17, 2018).
3

percent left lower extremity permanent impairment. The period of the award ran for 20.16 weeks 

from September 10, 2009 to January 29, 2010.

On June 18, 2013 appellant filed a Form CA-7 for an increased schedule award. By 

decision dated May 27, 2015, OWCP denied appellant’s claim. It found that the medical evidence 

did not establish greater than the 37 percent permanent left lower extremity impairment previously 

awarded.

On June 24, 2015 appellant requested a telephonic hearing before an OWCP hearing 

representative. By decision dated January 8, 2016, the hearing representative set aside the May 27, 

2015 decision as further development of the evidence was required. She found that OWCP had 

incorrectly found a conflict in the medical opinion evidence as the 2014 opinion of Dr. Mysore S. 

Shivaram, a Board-certified orthopedic surgeon and second opinion physician, was based on a 

current examination, and that the report of Dr. M. Stephen Wilson, the treating family practitioner,

was not. The hearing representative further found that the opinion of Dr. Matthew Jimenez, the 

Board-certified orthopedic surgeon whom she noted was improperly designated as an impartial 

medical examiner (IME), to be of no probative value as he failed to provide an impairment rating 

using the sixth edition of the American Medical Association, Guides to the Evaluation of 

Permanent Impairment (A.M.A., Guides).4 She instructed OWCP to provide the DMA with

Dr. Shivaram’s report for review and provide an opinion on appellant’s permanent impairment.

By decision dated March 18, 2016, OWCP denied appellant’s claim for an increased 

schedule award.

On April 6, 2016 appellant again requested a telephonic hearing before an OWCP hearing 

representative, which was held on December 5, 2016. By decision dated January 30, 2017,

OWCP’s hearing representative affirmed the March 18, 2016 decision. He found the weight of 

the medical opinion evidence established that appellant did not have more than the 37 percent left 

lower extremity permanent impairment previously award.

On July 24, 2017 appellant, through his representative, appealed to the Board. By decision 

dated February 13, 2018, the Board set aside the January 30, 2017 decision, finding that there was 

an unresolved conflict in the medical opinion evidence between Dr. Wilson, appellant’s treating 

physician, and OWCP’s DMA regarding whether appellant’s total knee replacement had a good 

or poor result pursuant to Table 16-3, page 511 of the A.M.A., Guides.

5

 The Board instructed 

OWCP to refer appellant to an IME for a rationalized medical opinion with respect to appellant’s 

employment-related permanent impairment of the left lower extremity under the sixth edition of 

the A.M.A., Guides. The Board further instructed OWCP to issue a de novo decision after such 

further development of the evidence as necessary.

 

4 A.M.A., Guides (6th ed. 2009).

5 Supra note 3.
4

On August 1, 2018 OWCP referred appellant to Dr. Christ Pavlatos, a physician Boardcertified in orthopedic surgery and internal medicine, to resolve the conflict in the medical opinion. 

It provided Dr. Pavlatos with appellant’s case record and a statement of accepted facts (SOAF).

In an August 27, 2018 report, Dr. Pavlatos noted appellant’s history of injury and medical 

treatment. He related that review of appellant’s left knee x-rays showed evidence of total knee 

arthroplasties and prior Austin osteotomy with reasonable alignment and some loosing around the 

prosthesis. Based on appellant’s persistent pain, Dr. Pavlatos recommended bone scans and 

computerized tomography scans with spot views and fluid checking for sensitivity and culture to 

rule out a possible low grade infection. He noted that maximum medical improvement (MMI) 

could not be determined at that time due to appellant’s possible infection and recommendation for 

further workup. Using Table 16-3, Knee Regional Grid, he assigned a class 4 for total knee 

arthroscopy, which had a default value of 67 percent.6 Dr. Pavlatos assigned a grade modifier for 

functional history (GMFH) of two using Table 16-6, page 516, and a grade modifier for clinical 

studies (GMCS) of two using Table 16-8, page 519. Application of the net adjustment formula

resulted in no adjustment and a total rating of 67 percent permanent impairment of the left lower 

extremity. Dr. Pavlatos noted that MMI could not be determined due to appellant’s possible 

infection and the workup he recommended.

On November 15, 2018 OWCP referred Dr. Pavlatos’ report to the DMA. In a 

November 27, 2018 report, the DMA reviewed Dr. Pavlatos’ report and his recommendation for a 

further workup for possible left knee joint infection. He recommended a second opinion to 

determine whether further workup was necessary, whether MMI had been reached and, if so, a 

physical examination which provided three sets of left knee range of motion (ROM) measurement.

On February 5 and April 8, 2019 OWCP referred appellant to Dr. Allan Brecher, a Boardcertified orthopedic surgeon, for a second opinion evaluation to address permanent impairment of 

appellant’s left lower extremity as defined by the sixth edition of the A.M.A., Guides, and to 

provide an opinion as to whether appellant had reached MMI.

In a May 1, 2019 report, Dr. Brecher reported that appellant had reached MMI on 

August 27, 2018, the date of Dr. Pavlatos’ examination. In accordance with the sixth edition of 

the A.M.A., Guides, he determined the diagnosis-based impairment (DBI) method provided a 

greater impairment rating than the ROM method. Utilizing Table 16-3, Knee Regional Grid of the 

sixth edition of the A.M.A., Guides, Dr. Brecher assigned a class of diagnosis (CDX) of 4 for the 

diagnosis of total knee replacement based on the medical records and moderate motion deficit, 

which was a poor result.7 He assigned a GMFH of 1, a grade modifier for physical examination 

(GMPE) of 2, and a GMCS of 2.

8

 Application of the net adjustment formula warranted movement 

two places to the left of the default value to class A, totaling 59 percent permanent impairment of 

 

6 Supra note 4 at 511.

7

Id.

8

Id. at 516, 517, 519.
5

the left lower extremity. Dr. Brecher also related that no further workup was necessary as appellant 

did not want to undergo further procedures.

In a June 9, 2019 report, the DMA reviewed Dr. Brecher’s report and disagreed with his 

impairment rating. Using Table 16-3, p. 511, he assigned a CDX of 3 for mild ROM and mild 

instability. The DMA used Dr. Brecher’s findings in assigning a GMPE of 1 instead of 2. 

Application of the net adjustment formula warranted movement two places to the left of the default 

value to class A, totaling 31 percent permanent impairment of the left lower extremity.

By decision dated June 25, 2019, OWCP denied appellant’s claim for an increased 

schedule award, finding that appellant was entitled to no more than 37 percent permanent 

impairment of the left lower extremity previously received.

LEGAL PRECEDENT

Under section 8107 of FECA9and section 10.404 of the implementing federal 

regulations,10 schedule awards are payable for permanent impairment of specified body members, 

functions or organs. FECA, however, does not specify the manner in which the percentage of 

impairment shall be determined. For consistent results and to ensure equal justice under the law 

for all claimants, good administrative practice necessitates the use of a single set of tables so that 

there may be uniform standards applicable to all claimants. The A.M.A., Guides has been adopted 

by the implementing regulations as the appropriate standard for evaluating schedule losses.11 

The sixth edition of the A.M.A., Guides provides a diagnosis-based method of evaluation 

utilizing the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability 

and Health (ICF).12 Under the sixth edition, the evaluator identifies the impairment CDX, which 

is then adjusted by grade modifiers based on GMFH, GMPE, and GMCS.13 The net adjustment 

formula is (GMFH-CDX) + (GMPE-CDX) + (GMCS-CDX).14

In determining impairment for the lower extremities, an evaluator must establish the 

appropriate diagnosis for each part of the lower extremity to be rated. With respect to the knee, 

the relevant portion of the leg for the present case, reference is made to Table 16-3 (Knee Regional 

Grid) beginning on page 509.15 After the CDX is determined from the Knee Regional Grid 

(including identification of a default grade value), the net adjustment formula is applied using the 

 

9 5 U.S.C. § 8107.

10 20 C.F.R. § 10.404.

11 D.J., 59 ECAB 620 (2008); Bernard A. Babcock, Jr., 52 ECAB 143 (2000).

12 A.M.A., Guides (6th ed. 2009), page 3, section 1.3, The International Classification of Functioning, Disability 

and Health (ICF): A Contemporary Model of Disablement.

13 Id. at 493-556.

14 Id. at 521.

15 Id. at 509-11.
6

GMFH, GMPE, and GMCS. The net adjustment formula is (GMFH-CDX) + (GMPE-CDX) + 

(GMCS-CDX).16 Under Chapter 2.3, evaluators are directed to provide reasons for their 

impairment rating choices, including choices of diagnoses from regional grids and calculations of 

modifier scores.17

Section 8123(a) of FECA provides that, if there is disagreement between the physician 

making the examination for the United States and the physician of the employee, the Secretary 

shall appoint a third physician who shall make an examination.18 When there are opposing reports 

of virtually equal weight and rationale, the case must be referred to an IME, pursuant to section 

8123(a) of FECA (5 U.S.C. § 8123(a)), to resolve the conflict in the medical evidence.19 Where a 

case is referred to an IME for the purpose of resolving a conflict, the opinion of such specialist, if 

sufficiently well rationalized and based on a proper factual and medical background, must be given 

special weight.20

OWCP procedures provide that, if a case has been referred for a referee evaluation to 

resolve the issue of permanent impairment, it is appropriate for OWCP’s medical adviser to review 

the calculations to ensure the referee physician appropriately used the A.M.A., Guides. The 

procedures further note that the Board has held that, while an OWCP medical adviser may review 

the opinion of a referee specialist in a schedule award case, the resolution of the conflict is the 

specialist’s responsibility. OWCP’s medical adviser cannot resolve a conflict in medical opinion. 

If necessary, clarification by the referee examiner may be needed.21

ANALYSIS

The Board finds that this case is not in posture for decision.

In the prior appeal, the Board remanded the case to OWCP for referral of appellant to an 

IME for a rationalized medical opinion as to whether appellant’s total knee replacement had a 

good or poor result for rating appellant’s permanent impairment under the sixth edition of the 

A.M.A., Guides.

On remand OWCP referred appellant for an impartial medical examination in accordance 

with the Board’s instructions to Dr. Pavlatos. In an August 27, 2018 report, Dr. Pavlatos

 

16 Id. at 515-22.

17 Id. at 23-28.

18 Supra note 2 at § 8123(a). See R.C., Docket No. 18-0463 (issued February 7, 2020); see also G.B., Docket No. 

16-0996 (issued September 14, 2016).

19 M.G., Docket No. 19-1627 (issued April 17, 2020); M.R., Docket No. 19-0526 (issued July 24, 2019); C.R., 

Docket No. 18-1285 (issued February 12, 2019).

20 Id. 

21 Federal (FECA) Procedure Manual, Part 2 -- Claims, Developing and Evaluating Medical Evidence, Chapter 

2.810.8(g) (September 2010); Richard R. LeMay, 56 ECAB 341 (2005). See K.D., Docket No. 19-0281 (issued 

June 30, 2020).
7

determined that appellant had total permanent impairment of his left lower extremity of 67 percent. 

He indicated that, using Table 16-3 (Knee Regional Grid) on page 511 of the sixth edition of the 

A.M.A., Guides, appellant’s left lower extremity condition should be considered under the 

diagnosis-based category relating to total knee replacement. Dr. Pavlatos noted that appellant’s 

condition would fall under class 4 under Table 16-3, due to poor result. With respect to grade 

modifiers, he referenced Table 16-6, Table 16-7, and Table 16-8 on pages 516 through 519 and 

indicated that appellant had a GMFH of 2, a GMPE of 2, and a GMCS of 2. Dr. Pavlatos advised 

that application of the net adjustment formula yielded the result of 0 and default value of 67 percent 

permanent impairment on Table 16-3. He reported that MMI could not be determined based on a 

possible infection and he recommended additional workup related to this issue.

On November 27, 2018 the DMA reviewed Dr. Pavlatos’ report and recommended that 

appellant be referred to a second opinion physician to determine whether further workup was 

needed, whether appellant had reached MMI and, if so, for three sets of measurements of 

appellant’s left knee ROM. Based on the DMA’s recommendation, OWCP referred appellant for 

a second opinion evaluation with Dr. Brecher who found that appellant had 59 percent left lower 

extremity permanent impairment. The DMA, in a June 9, 2019 report, reviewed Dr. Brecher’s 

report and concluded that appellant had 31 percent left lower extremity permanent impairment.

Instead of evaluating whether the report of Dr. Pavlatos, the IME, constituted the special 

weight of the medical evidence with respect to permanent impairment, OWCP decided that the 

weight of the medical evidence rested with the June 9, 2019 report of the DMA, who provided an 

opinion that appellant had 31 percent permanent impairment of his left lower extremity based on

Dr. Brecher’s May 11, 2019 second opinion report. However, OWCP’s procedures and Board 

precedent provide that, while OWCP’s DMA may review the opinion of a referee specialist in a 

schedule award case, the resolution of the conflict is the specialist’s responsibility and OWCP’s 

DMA cannot resolve a conflict in medical opinion.

22

 

In a situation where OWCP secures an opinion from an IME for the purpose of resolving 

a conflict in the medical evidence and the opinion from such examiner requires clarification or 

elaboration, OWCP has the responsibility to secure a supplemental report from the examiner for 

the purpose of correcting the defect in the original opinion.23 OWCP found that Dr. Pavlatos’

report required further clarification regarding the questions posed and should have referred the 

case back to Dr. Pavlatos. Instead, OWCP requested another permanent impairment rating from

Dr. Brecher. Therefore, the case shall be remanded to OWCP to provide Dr. Pavlatos an 

opportunity to provide clarification of his opinion that appellant has 67 percent permanent 

impairment of his lower extremity under the standards of the sixth edition of the A.M.A., Guides. 

After such other development as may be deemed necessary, OWCP shall issue a de novo decision

regarding appellant’s claim for an increased left lower extremity schedule award.24

 

22 Id.

23 K.C., Docket No. 19-1251 (issued January 24, 2020); F.H., Docket No. 17-1924 (issued January 25, 2019); 

Talmadge Miller, 47 ECAB 673 (1996); Harold Travis, 30 ECAB 1071 (1979); see also supra note 21 at Part 2 --

Claims, Developing and Evaluating Medical Evidence, Chapter 2.810(11)(e) (September 2010).

24 Id.
8

CONCLUSION

The Board finds this case is not in posture for decision.

ORDER

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT the June 25, 2019 decision of the Office of Workers’

Compensation Programs is set aside and the case is remanded for further proceedings consistent 

with this decision of the Board.

Issued: February 19, 2021

Washington, DC

Alec J. Koromilas, Chief Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

Janice B. Askin, Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

Valerie D. Evans-Harrell, Alternate Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board