United States Department of Labor

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

__________________________________________

A.K., Appellant

and

U.S. POSTAL SERVICE, BLOOMINGTON 

POST OFFICE, Bloomington, IL, Employer

__________________________________________

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Docket No. 20-0003

Issued: June 2, 2020

Appearances: Case Submitted on the Record

Appellant, pro se

Office of Solicitor, for the Director

DECISION AND ORDER

Before:

CHRISTOPHER J. GODFREY, Deputy Chief Judge

PATRICIA H. FITZGERALD, Alternate Judge

VALERIE D. EVANS-HARRELL, Alternate Judge

JURISDICTION

On October 1, 2019 appellant filed a timely appeal from a June 3, 2019 merit decision and 

a September 5, 2019 nonmerit decision of the Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs 

(OWCP). Pursuant to the Federal Employees’ Compensation Act1(FECA) and 20 C.F.R. 

§§ 501.2(c) and 501.3, the Board has jurisdiction over the merits of this case.

2

ISSUES

The issues are: (1) whether appellant has met her burden of proof to establish a lumbar

condition causally related to the accepted factors of her federal employment; and (2) whether 

 

1 5 U.S.C. § 8101 et seq.

2 The Board notes that, following the September 5, 2019 decision, OWCP received additional evidence. However, 

the Board’s Rules of Procedure provides: “The Board’s review of a case is limited to the evidence in the case record 

that was before OWCP at the time of its final decision. Evidence not before OWCP will not be considered by the 

Board for the first time on appeal.” 20 C.F.R. § 501.2(c)(1). Thus, the Board is precluded from reviewing this 

additional evidence for the first time on appeal. Id.
2

OWCP properly denied appellant’s request for reconsideration of the merits of her claim, finding 

that it was untimely filed and failed to demonstrate clear evidence of error.

FACTUAL HISTORY

On April 9, 2019 appellant, then a 44-year-old mail carrier, filed an occupational disease 

claim (Form CA-2) alleging that she developed a lumbar condition with radiculopathy due to 

factors of her federal employment including lifting, walking, sitting while driving, twisting, 

turning, and carry a mailbag, as well as delivering newspapers one day per week. She noted that 

she first became aware of her condition on November 1, 2018 and first realized its relationship to 

her federal employment on April 3, 2019. Appellant stopped work on April 8, 2019.

In a development letter dated April 18, 2019, OWCP requested that appellant submit 

additional evidence in support of her claim. It advised her of the type of factual and medical 

evidence needed to establish her claim and it provided a questionnaire for her completion. OWCP 

afforded appellant 30 days to submit the necessary evidence.

In an April 22, 2019 narrative response to OWCP’s questionnaire, appellant described her 

work duties, including sorting mail in the morning which involved standing, bending, stooping, 

twisting, kneeling, lifting, and reaching above the shoulder. She reported lifting tubs of mail, trays, 

newspaper bundles, and packages weighing up to 70 pounds and loading them into her mail hamper 

and then into her mail truck for delivery. Appellant’s mail route required prolonged walking, 

ascending and descending stairs, and walking on uneven terrain while carrying a mailbag weighing 

up to 35 pounds. She indicated that, beginning in November 2018, she started to feel pain in the 

left side of her lower back, radiating into her left leg and foot and the more she continued to 

perform her work duties, the more her pain worsened. On April 3, 2019 while pushing her mail 

hamper, appellant felt excruciating back pain radiating into her left leg and sought medical 

treatment that day and subsequently reported to the emergency department the following day. On 

April 17, 2019 she had a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan that revealed a herniated disc. 

Appellant indicated that she was referred to a neurosurgeon and held off from work. 

Appellant was treated by Jessica Johann, a licensed practical nurse, on January 15, 2019 

for left buttock pain, radiating into her left leg since November 2018 and right shoulder pain since 

October 2018. Ms. Johann noted that appellant worked as a mail carrier, which required prolonged 

walking and carrying her mailbag strap on her right shoulder.

In an unsigned emergency room note dated April 3, 2019, an unidentified care provider 

noted appellant’s complaint of acute low back pain radiating into her left leg. A muscle relaxer

was prescribed.

Dr. Susan Sheppard, a Board-certified family practitioner, evaluated appellant on April 15, 

2019 and advised that appellant would be off work from April 8 to 13, 2019 and could return to 

regular-duty work on April 16, 2019. On April 17, 2019 she advised that appellant remained

disabled from work and could return to full-duty work on April 18, 2019. On April 23, 2019

Dr. Sheppard reported treating appellant on January 15, February 14, and April 3, 5, and 15, 2019. 

She opined that the activities and requirements of appellant’s job aggravated her condition and that 

appellant was totally disabled from work until evaluated by a neurosurgeon. In a duty status report 
3

(Form CA-17) of even date, Dr. Sheppard described clinical findings and diagnosed lumbar disc 

herniation. She concluded that appellant was disabled from work. Dr. Sheppard treated appellant 

again on May 2, 2019 and noted that appellant underwent a lumbar spine MRI scan on April 17, 

2019 which confirmed a lumbar disc herniation.3 She opined that the activities and requirements 

of appellant’s job aggravated her condition. Dr. Sheppard concluded that appellant was 

temporarily totally disabled from work from April 8 to 13, 2019 and April 17 to May 4, 2019 and 

would continue to be temporarily totally disabled from work until evaluated by a neurosurgeon. 

Appellant attended physical therapy treatment on April 15, 2019. 

On May 10, 2019 Dr. Sheppard opined that the activities and requirements of appellant’s 

job aggravated her condition, and appellant could only perform limited duty for two hours a day,

five days a week until she was evaluated by a neurosurgeon. She noted that appellant was 

temporarily totally disabled from May 10 to 28, 2019. On May 30, 2019 Dr. Sheppard indicated 

that appellant was evaluated by a neurosurgeon and found to be temporarily totally disabled. In 

Form CA-17 reports dated May 10 and 30, 2019, she diagnosed lumbar disc herniation and 

indicated that appellant could resume work for two hours per day with restrictions.

By decision dated June 3, 2019, OWCP accepted the alleged employment factors, but

denied appellant’s claim finding that the medical evidence of record was insufficient to establish 

causal relationship between her diagnosed conditions and the accepted factors of her federal 

employment.

On June 11, 2019 appellant requested reconsideration and submitted additional medical 

evidence in support of her claim. 

By decision dated September 5, 2019, OWCP denied appellant’s June 6, 2019 

reconsideration request finding that it was untimely filed and failed to demonstrate clear evidence 

of error.

LEGAL PRECEDENT -- ISSUE 1

An employee seeking benefits under FECA has the burden of proof to establish the 

essential elements of his or her claim, including the fact that the individual is an employee of the 

United States within the meaning of FECA, that the claim was timely filed within the applicable 

time limitation period of FECA,4that an injury was sustained in the performance of duty as alleged, 

and that any disability or medical condition for which compensation is claimed is causally related 

 

3 The lumbar spine MRI scan was submitted and revealed mild-degenerative disc disease at multiple levels with 

moderate sized left paracentral cranially extruded disc herniation at L5-S1 with smaller central and left lateral disc 

herniation at L4-5 level. 

4 S.B., Docket No. 17-1779 (issued February 7, 2018); J.P., 59 ECAB 178 (2007); Joe D. Cameron, 41 ECAB 

153 (1989).
4

to the employment injury.5 These are the essential elements of each and every compensation claim, 

regardless of whether the claim is predicated upon a traumatic injury or an occupational disease.6

To establish that an injury was sustained in the performance of duty in an occupational 

disease claim, an employee must submit the following: (1) a factual statement identifying 

employment factors alleged to have caused or contributed to the presence or occurrence of the 

disease or condition; (2) medical evidence establishing the presence or existence of the disease or 

condition for which compensation is claimed; and (3) medical evidence establishing that the 

diagnosed condition is causally related to the employment factors identified by the employee.7

Causal relationship is a medical question that requires rationalized medical opinion 

evidence to resolve the issue.8 A physician’s opinion on whether there is causal relationship 

between the diagnosed condition and the implicated employment factors must be based on a 

complete factual and medical background.9 Additionally, the physician’s opinion must be 

expressed in terms of a reasonable degree of medical certainty, and must be supported by medical 

rationale explaining the nature of the relationship between the diagnosed condition and appellant’s 

specific employment factors.10

ANALYSIS -- ISSUE 1

The Board finds that appellant has not met her burden of proof to establish a lumbar

condition causally related to the accepted factors of her federal employment.

Dr. Sheppard evaluated appellant on April 15, 2019 and advised that she would be off work 

from April 8 to 13, 2019. In a follow-up note dated April 17, 2019, she advised that appellant

continued to be disabled from work and would return to full duty on April 18, 2019. On May 30, 

2019 Dr. Sheppard indicated that appellant was evaluated by a neurosurgeon and found to be

temporarily disabled from her mail carrier position. While she found appellant disabled for work, 

she did not provide a medical diagnosis or reference the accepted employment factors in support 

of her findings. The Board has held that medical reports which do not provide a firm diagnosis or 

 

5

J.M., Docket No. 17-0284 (issued February 7, 2018); R.C., 59 ECAB 427 (2008); James E. Chadden, Sr., 40 

ECAB 312 (1988).

6 K.M., Docket No. 15-1660 (issued September 16, 2016); L.M., Docket No. 13-1402 (issued February 7, 2014); 

Delores C. Ellyett, 41 ECAB 992 (1990).

7 R.G., Docket No. 19-0233 (issued July 16, 2019). See also Roy L. Humphrey, 57 ECAB 238, 241 (2005); Ruby I. 

Fish, 46 ECAB 276, 279 (1994); Victor J. Woodhams, 41 ECAB 345 (1989).

8 T.H., 59 ECAB 388, 393 (2008); Robert G. Morris, 48 ECAB 238 (1996).

9 M.V., Docket No. 18-0884 (issued December 28, 2018).

10 Id.; Victor J. Woodhams, supra note 7.
5

fail to render an opinion on causal relationship are of no probative value and are insufficient to 

establish the claim.11 These reports are therefore insufficient to establish appellant’s claim.

In her April 23, 2019 report, Dr. Sheppard noted the history of treatment and opined that 

the activities and requirements of appellant’s job aggravated her condition. On May 2 and 10, 

2019 she diagnosed lumbar disc herniation and again opined that the requirements of appellant’s 

job aggravated her lumbar spine. However, Dr. Sheppard did not provide medical reasoning to 

explain how the accepted employment factors were sufficient to have caused or aggravated 

appellant’s lumbar condition. The Board has held that a report is of limited probative value 

regarding causal relationship if it does not contain medical rationale explaining how a given 

medical condition was related to accepted employment factors.

12

 These additional reports of

Dr. Sheppard are also insufficient to establish appellant’s claim.

In Form CA-17 reports dated April 23 to May 30, 2019, Dr. Sheppard described clinical 

findings and diagnosed a lumbar disc herniation with radiculopathy. While her reports contain 

diagnoses, they do not provide an opinion as to causal relationship. The Board has held that 

medical evidence that does not offer an opinion regarding the cause of an employee’s condition is 

of no probative value on the issue of causal relationship.13 These reports, therefore, are insufficient 

to establish appellant’s claim.

Appellant submitted a medical report from a nurse, Ms. Johann.

14

 Certain healthcare 

providers such as physical therapists and licensed practical nurses are not considered physicians 

as defined under FECA.15 Consequently, their medical findings and/or opinions will not suffice 

for purposes of establishing entitlement to FECA benefits.16 

In an unsigned emergency room note dated April 3, 2019, an unidentified care provider 

noted treatment of appellant. The Board has held that a medical note containing an illegible 

signature or which is unsigned has no probative value, as it is not established that the author is a 

physician.17 This report therefore is insufficient to establish the claim.

 

11 I.M., Docket No. 19-1038 (issued January 23, 2020); V.U., Docket No. 19-0755 (issued November 25, 2019); 

L.B., Docket No. 18-0533 (issued August 27, 2018); D.K., Docket No. 17-1549 (issued July 6, 2018).

12 G.R., Docket No. 19-0940 (issued December 20, 2019); D.L., Docket No. 19-0900 (issued October 28, 2019); 

Y.D., Docket No. 16-1896 (issued February 10, 2017); C.M., Docket No. 14-0088 (issued April 18, 2014).

13 See L.B., supra note 11; D.K., supra note 11.

14 J.D., Docket No. 16-1752 (issued March 1, 2017) (where the Board found that, a nurse practitioner is not 

considered a physician under FECA, thus, her opinion is of no relevance to the issue of causal relationship).

15 5 U.S.C. § 8101(2); 20 C.F.R. § 10.5(t).

16 See M.F., Docket No. 17-1973 (issued December 31, 2018); K.W., 59 ECAB 271, 279 (2007); David P. Sawchuk, 

57 ECAB 316, 320 n.11 (2006); Federal (FECA) Procedure Manual, Part 2 -- Claims, Causal Relationship, Chapter 

2.805.3a(1) (January 2013).

17 See Z.G., 19-0967 (issued October 21, 2019); D.D., 57 ECAB 734 (2006); Merton J. Sills, 39 ECAB 572, 

575 (1988).
6

Appellant also submitted a lumbar MRI scan. The Board has held that diagnostic studies, 

standing alone, lack probative value as they do not provide an opinion on causal relationship 

between accepted employment factors and a claimant’s diagnosed conditions.18 This evidence is 

therefore insufficient to establish appellant’s claim. 

As appellant has not submitted rationalized medical evidence establishing that her injury 

is causally related to the accepted factors of her federal employment, the Board finds that she has 

not met her burden of proof to establish her claim.

Appellant may submit new evidence or argument with a written request for reconsideration 

to OWCP within one year of this merit decision, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. § 8128(a) and 20 C.F.R. 

§§ 10.605 through 10.607.

LEGAL PRECEDENT -- ISSUE 2

To be entitled to a merit review of an OWCP decision denying or terminating a benefit, an 

application for reconsideration must be received by OWCP within one year of the date of OWCP’s 

decision for which review is sought.19 Timeliness is determined by the document receipt date, i.e., 

the “received date” in OWCP’s Integrated Federal Employees’ Compensation System (iFECS).20 

The Board has found that the imposition of the one-year time limitation does not constitute an 

abuse of the discretionary authority granted OWCP under section 8128(a) of FECA.21

OWCP may not deny a request for reconsideration solely because it was untimely filed. 

When a request for reconsideration is untimely filed, it must nevertheless undertake a limited 

review to determine whether the request demonstrates clear evidence of error.22 OWCP’s 

regulations and procedures provide that OWCP will reopen a claimant’s case for merit review, 

notwithstanding to be entitled to a merit review of an OWCP decision denying or terminating a 

benefit, an application for reconsideration must be received by OWCP within one year of the date 

of OWCP’s decision for which review is sought.23 The Board has found that the imposition of the 

one-year time limitation does not constitute an abuse of the discretionary authority granted OWCP 

under section 8128(a) of FECA.24

OWCP’s procedures note and the Board has held that the term “clear evidence of error” is 

intended to represent a difficult standard. The claimant must present evidence that on its face 

shows that OWCP made an error (for example, proof that a schedule award was miscalculated). 

 

18 See I.C., Docket No. 19-0804 (issued August 23, 2019).

19 20 C.F.R. § 10.607(a).

20 Federal (FECA) Procedure Manual, supra note 16 at Chapter 2.1602.4(b) (February 2016).

21 G.L., Docket No. 18-0852 (issued January 14, 2020).

22 20 C.F.R. § 10.607(b); R.S., Docket No. 19-0180 (issued December 5, 2019).

23 Id. at § 10.607(a).

24 G.L., supra note 21.
7

Evidence such as a detailed, well-rationalized medical report that, if submitted before the denial 

was issued, would have created a conflict in medical opinion requiring further development, is not 

clear evidence of error.25 The Board makes an independent determination of whether a claimant 

has demonstrated clear evidence of error on the part of OWCP.26

ANALYSIS -- ISSUE 2

The Board finds that OWCP improperly denied appellant’s request for reconsideration of 

the merits of her claim, finding that it was untimely filed and failed to demonstrate clear evidence 

of error.

The last merit decision of record was OWCP’s June 3, 2019 decision. As appellant’s 

reconsideration request was received on June 11, 2019 within one year of the June 3, 2019 

decision, it was timely filed. Therefore, OWCP should have applied the standard applicable to a 

timely reconsideration request as set forth in 20 C.F.R. § 10.606(b)(3) rather than the more 

stringent clear evidence of error standard for an untimely request for reconsideration set forth in 

20 C.F.R. § 10.607(a). Because it erroneously reviewed the evidence submitted in support of 

appellant’s reconsideration request under the clear evidence of error standard, the Board will 

remand the case for review of the newly submitted evidence under the proper standard of review 

for a timely reconsideration request.27

Thus, the Board finds that the case shall be remanded for proper adjudication and 

application of the appropriate standard of review, to be followed by an appropriate decision.28

CONCLUSION

The Board finds that appellant has not met her burden of proof to establish a lumbar 

condition causally related to the accepted factors of her federal employment. The Board further 

finds that OWCP improperly denied her request for reconsideration of the merits of her claim.

 

25 Supra note 20; G.L., id.

26 M.P., Docket No. 19-0674 (issued December 16, 2019).

27 J.H., Docket No. 18-1367 (issued July 17, 2019); E.S., Docket No. 17-0698 (issued July 14, 2017).

28 J.H., id.; W.R., Docket No. 16-0098 (issued May 26, 2016).
8

ORDER

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT the June 3, 2019 decision of the Office of Workers’

Compensation Programs is affirmed and the September 5, 2019 decision is set aside. The case is 

remanded for further proceedings consistent with this decision of the Board.

Issued: June 2, 2020

Washington, DC

Christopher J. Godfrey, Deputy Chief Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

Patricia H. Fitzgerald, Alternate Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

Valerie D. Evans-Harrell, Alternate Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board