United States Department of Labor

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

__________________________________________

J.D., Appellant

and

U.S. POSTAL SERVICE, POST OFFICE, 

Danville, VA, Employer

__________________________________________

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Docket No. 17-1470

Issued: December 15, 2017

Appearances: Case Submitted on the Record

Alan J. Shapiro, Esq., for the appellant1

Office of Solicitor, for the Director

DECISION AND ORDER

Before:

CHRISTOPHER J. GODFREY, Chief Judge

PATRICIA H. FITZGERALD, Deputy Chief Judge

VALERIE D. EVANS-HARRELL, Alternate Judge

JURISDICTION

On June 26, 2017 appellant, through counsel, filed a timely appeal from a May 3, 2017 

merit decision of the Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs (OWCP). Pursuant to the 

Federal Employees’ Compensation Act2(FECA) and 20 C.F.R. §§ 501.2(c) and 501.3, the Board 

has jurisdiction over the merits of the claim.

ISSUE

The issue is whether appellant has established more than 10 percent permanent 

impairment of the left upper extremity, for which she previously received a schedule award.

 

1

In all cases in which a representative has been authorized in a matter before the Board, no claim for a fee for 

legal or other service performed on appeal before the Board is valid unless approved by the Board. 20 C.F.R. 

§ 501.9(e). No contract for a stipulated fee or on a contingent fee basis will be approved by the Board. Id. An 

attorney or representative’s collection of a fee without the Board’s approval may constitute a misdemeanor, subject 

to fine or imprisonment for up to one year or both. Id.; see also 18 U.S.C. § 292. Demands for payment of fees to a 

representative, prior to approval by the Board, may be reported to appropriate authorities for investigation.

2

5 U.S.C. § 8101 et seq. 
2

FACTUAL HISTORY

OWCP accepted that on or before October 20, 2009 appellant, then a 38-year-old letter 

carrier, sustained a shoulder and upper arm sprain due to repetitive trauma from carrying a mail 

satchel on her left shoulder. 

Appellant was first followed by Dr. Gahear F. Hamlor, an attending family practitioner, 

who diagnosed a left shoulder sprain and noted a history left carpal tunnel syndrome3on 

February 19, 2010. In a March 4, 2010 report, Dr. Hamlor attributed appellant’s symptoms to 

carrying a mail satchel on her left shoulder.4 Appellant remained off work.

5 OWCP paid 

appellant wage-loss compensation for total disability beginning February 27, 2010. Apart from a 

very brief return to work in early May 2010, appellant remained off work. OWCP paid wageloss compensation through October 22, 2011. Appellant remained under medical treatment.

Dr. Michael Kyles, an attending Board-certified orthopedic surgeon, treated appellant 

beginning March 2010 for left shoulder impingement. A steroid injection was ineffective in 

relieving appellant’s symptoms. In an October 1, 2010 report, Dr. Kyles noted that appellant 

obtained significant relief of her shoulder symptoms with trigger point injections administered by 

a neurologist.

In a February 7, 2011 report, Dr. William C. Andrews, Jr., an attending Board-certified 

orthopedic surgeon, administered a left subacromial injection. Appellant participated in physical 

therapy in August to November 2011. Dr. Andrews provided periodic progress notes through 

December 2011.

6

Appellant returned to full-time modified duty on December 20, 2011. She stopped work 

on January 17, 2012 due to increased left arm pain, and resumed work on January 25, 2012. 

Appellant worked part-time modified duty in February and early March 2012. OWCP issued 

appropriate compensation for work absences.

On July 13, 2012 Dr. Andrews administered a steroid injection to address left 

epicondylitis. August 15, 2012 EMG/NCV studies showed moderate median nerve neuropathy 

at the wrist without active denervation.

 

3

June 26, 2008 and August 12, 2010 electromyography/nerve conduction velocity (EMG/NCV) testing 

demonstrated bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome.

4 A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the left shoulder performed on March 11, 2010 demonstrated 

probable mild impingement. 

5 Appellant participated in physical therapy in March and April 2010. 

 

6 To assess the nature and extent of appellant’s left shoulder condition, on April 27, 2011, appellant obtained a 

second opinion from Dr. J. Wayne Keeling, a Board-certified orthopedic surgeon. Dr. Keeling opined that appellant 

remained totally disabled for work due to significant left rhomboid and upper trapezius pain, caused by work factors. 

A June 23, 2011 functional capacity evaluation obtained by OWCP demonstrated appellant’s capacity to perform 

full-time light-duty work.
3

Appellant resumed part-time modified work on May 21, 2012. OWCP paid appellant 

wage-loss compensation for the remaining hours.

In a July 5, 2012 report, Dr. Andrews diagnosed left subacromial bursitis. He opined in 

September 12, 2012 and March 11, 2013 reports that appellant had occupationally-related left 

carpal tunnel syndrome, and required a left carpal tunnel release and excision of the left distal 

clavicle.

Appellant stopped work on December 14, 2013. She filed a claim for recurrence of 

disability (Form CA-2a) on January 24, 2014. Appellant remained off work. Dr. Andrews 

provided a February 14, 2014 report, explaining that the left shoulder condition worsened the 

carpal tunnel syndrome, which in turn aggravated subacromial bursitis. He continued to hold 

appellant off work. 

In a May 1, 2014 decision, OWCP denied appellant’s claim for a recurrence of disability 

commencing December 14, 2013, finding that the medical evidence of record was insufficient to 

support a worsening of the accepted shoulder sprain. On May 9, 2014 counsel requested a 

telephone hearing before a representative of OWCP’s Branch of Hearings and Review.7

On August 5, 2014 Dr. Andrews performed an open left distal clavicle excision and left 

carpal tunnel release. He removed one centimeter of “very significantly arthritic” bone from the 

distal end of the left clavicle. Appellant underwent physical therapy through November 2014

and Dr. Andrews provided progress notes. In a January 7, 2015 note, Dr. Andrews opined that 

appellant had not attained maximum medical improvement. 

OWCP paid appellant wage-loss compensation from December 31, 2014 through 

August 6, 2015.

By decision dated March 2, 2015, an OWCP hearing representative affirmed OWCP’s 

May 1, 2014 decision, finding that the medical evidence of record did not establish a significant 

worsening of the accepted left shoulder sprain on or about December 14, 2013, when she had 

stopped work.

In a May 1, 2015 report, Dr. Andrews ordered a repeat MRI scan of the left shoulder to 

ascertain the cause of appellant’s increasing pain and immobility. He found that she attained 

maximum medical improvement as of July 17, 2015.

On September 12, 2015 appellant claimed a schedule award (Form CA-7).

In a September 28, 2015 letter, OWCP notified appellant of the additional evidence 

needed to establish her claim, including a report from her attending physician supporting that she 

had attained maximum medical improvement, the diagnosis on which the permanent impairment 

is based, a detailed description of the permanent impairment, and an impairment rating 

calculated according to the sixth edition of the American Medical Association, Guides to the 

 

7 A telephone hearing was held on December 11, 2014.
4

Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (hereinafter, A.M.A., Guides).8 Appellant was afforded 30 

days to submit such evidence.

By decision dated October 29, 2015, OWCP denied appellant’s schedule award claim, 

finding that the medical evidence of record did not establish ratable permanent impairment of a 

scheduled member of the body.

On November 4, 2015 counsel requested a telephone hearing before a representative of 

OWCP’s Branch of Hearings and Review. Appellant submitted new medical evidence.

Dr. Joshua B. Macht, an attending Board-certified internist, provided an October 15, 

2015 report reviewing appellant’s history of injury and treatment. He opined that appellant had 

attained maximum medical improvement on or before December 31, 2014. On examination,

Dr. Macht found slight weakness of the left shoulder, mild pain with resisted motion, a positive 

Tinel’s sign, and tenderness to palpation of the ventral side of the left wrist. He observed the 

following range of left shoulder motion: 120 degrees flexion; 45 degrees extension; 130 degrees 

abduction; 40 degrees adduction; 50 degrees external rotation; “normal” internal rotation.

Dr. Macht noted that each range of motion (ROM) measurement was obtained after at least three 

trials to ensure accuracy. He obtained grip strength measurements at 34 kilograms on the right 

and 18 kg on the left. Dr. Macht diagnosed status-post left distal clavicle resection, and status 

post left carpal tunnel release. Referring to Table 15-5 of the A.M.A., Guides,

9

he assessed a

grade 1 diagnosis-based impairment (DBI) rating Class of Diagnosis (CDX) of the left shoulder 

for acromioclavicular joint injury or disease with open distal clavicle resection. Dr. Macht found 

a grade 4 modifier for Functional History (GMFH) due to a QuickDASH score of 86, which he 

disregarded as it was more than two grades higher than the CDX. He found nine percent 

permanent impairment of the left arm according to Table 15-34 due to limited motion, equaling a 

grade 1 modifier for Physical Examination (GMPE). There was no applicable modifier for 

Clinical Studies (GMCS) as they were “used to define her impairment class.”

Regarding the left wrist, Dr. Macht found a grade 1 CDX for carpal tunnel syndrome, a 

GMCS of 1, a GMFH of 3, and a GMPE of 3. Applying the net adjustment formula of (GMFHCDX) + (GMPE-CDX) + (GMCS-CDX), or (3-1) + (3-1) + (1-1), he calculated a grade modifier 

of 2, equaling percent impairment of the left arm. Dr. Macht concluded that appellant had 10 

percent permanent impairment of the left upper extremity due to her left shoulder injury, and an 

additional 5 percent permanent impairment due to left carpal tunnel syndrome. He combined 

these values to find a total of 15 percent permanent impairment of the left arm. 

By decision dated May 13, 2016, an OWCP hearing representative remanded the case to 

OWCP for additional development regarding whether appellant had a ratable impairment of the 

left upper extremity.

 

8 A.M.A., Guides (6th ed. 2009).

9 Table 15-5, page 401-05 of the sixth edition of the A.M.A., Guides is titled “Shoulder Region Grid: Upper 

Extremity Impairments.”
5

An OWCP medical adviser reviewed the medical evidence of record and an updated 

statement of accepted facts on January 8, 2016. He opined that the accepted work factors 

resulted in 10 percent permanent impairment to the left arm due to the left shoulder condition 

based on the distal clavicle resection according to Table 15-5. The medical adviser asserted that 

OWCP should disregard Dr. Macht’s finding of additional impairment of the left arm due to 

restricted left shoulder motion, as ROM was used primarily as a factor in calculating GMPE.

By decision dated June 2, 2016, OWCP issued appellant a schedule award for 10 percent 

permanent impairment of the left upper extremity. The period of the award, equivalent to 31.20 

weeks of compensation, ran from December 31, 2014 to August 6, 2015.

Appellant separated from the employing establishment, effective June 27, 2016. 

On September 8, 2016 OWCP administratively combined appellant’s claims, File Nos. 

xxxxxx076 and xxxxxx789, with File No. xxxxxx076 serving as the master file.

In a June 13, 2016 letter, appellant requested a hearing before a representative of 

OWCP’s Branch of Hearings and Review. At the hearing, held February 16, 2017, counsel

asserted that Dr. Macht’s reports established 15 percent permanent impairment of the left upper 

extremity. He also contended that the case should be remanded to OWCP to address whether 

appellant’s condition should be assessed using the DBI or the ROM method. 

Appellant provided periodic treatment notes from Dr. Andrews dated from July 19, 2016 

to January 23, 2017. Dr. Andrews did not address the issue of permanent impairment in these 

reports. 

By decision dated May 3, 2017, OWCP’s hearing representative affirmed OWCP’s 

June 2, 2016 decision, finding that OWCP’s medical adviser properly applied the appropriate 

portions of the A.M.A., Guides in finding 10 percent permanent impairment of the left upper 

extremity. She further found that there was no probative medical evidence of record establishing 

a greater percentage of permanent impairment.

LEGAL PRECEDENT

Section 8149 of FECA delegates to the Secretary of Labor the authority to prescribe rules 

and regulations for the administration and enforcement of FECA. The Secretary of Labor has 

vested the authority to implement the FECA Program with the Director of OWCP.10 Section 

8107 of FECA sets forth the number of weeks of compensation to be paid for the permanent loss 

of use of specified members, functions and organs of the body.11 FECA, however, does not 

specify the manner by which the percentage loss of a member, function or organ shall be 

determined. To ensure consistent results and equal justice under the law, good administrative 

practice requires the use of uniform standards applicable to all claimants. Through its 

 

10 See 20 C.F.R. §§ 1.1-1.4.

11 For a complete loss of use of an arm, an employee shall receive 312 week’s compensation. 5 U.S.C. 

§ 8107(c)(1).
6

implementing regulations, OWCP adopted the A.M.A., Guides as the appropriate standard for 

evaluating schedule losses.12

The sixth edition of the A.M.A., Guides was first printed in 2008. Within month of the 

initial printing, the A.M.A. issued a 52-page document entitled “Clarification and Corrections, 

Sixth Edition, Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment.” The document included 

various changes to the original text, intended to serve as erratum/supplement to the first printing 

of the A.M.A., Guides. In April 2009, these changes were formally incorporated into the second 

printing of the sixth edition.

As of May 1, 2009, schedule awards are determined in accordance with the sixth edition 

of the A.M.A., Guides (2009).13 The Board has approved the use of OWCP of the A.M.A., 

Guides for the purpose of determining the percentage loss of use of a member of the body for 

schedule award purposes.14

ANALYSIS

The issue on appeal is whether appellant sustained greater than 10 percent permanent 

impairment of the left upper extremity, for which she previously received a schedule award.

The Board finds that this case is not in posture for decision.

The Board has found that OWCP has inconsistently applied Chapter 15 of the sixth 

edition of the A.M.A., Guides when granting schedule awards for upper extremity claims. No 

consistent interpretation had been followed regarding the proper use of the DBI or the ROM 

methodology when assessing the extent of permanent impairment for schedule award purposes.15 

The purpose of the use of uniform standards is to ensure consistent results and to ensure equal 

justice under the law to all claimants.16 In T.H., the Board concluded that OWCP physicians 

were at odds over the proper methodology for rating upper extremity impairment, having 

observed attending physicians, evaluating physicians, second opinion physicians, impartial 

medical examiners, and district medical advisers use both DBI and ROM methodologies 

interchangeably without any consistent basis. Furthermore, the Board observed that physicians 

interchangeably cited to language in the first printing or the second printing when justifying use 

of either ROM or DBI methodology. Because OWCP’s own physicians were inconsistent in the 

 

12 20 C.F.R. § 10.404. See also Ronald R. Kraynak, 53 ECAB 130 (2001).

13 See Federal (FECA) Procedure Manual, Part 3 -- Medical, Schedule Awards, Chapter 3.700, Exhibit 1 

(January 2010); Federal (FECA) Procedure Manual, Part 2 -- Claims, Schedule Award and Permanent Disability 

Claims, Chapter 2.808.5a (February 2013).

14 Isidoro Rivera, 12 ECAB 348 (1961).

15 T.H., Docket No. 14-0943 (issued November 25, 2016).

16 Ausbon N. Johnson, 50 ECAB 304, 311 (1999).
7

application of the A.M.A., Guides, the Board found that OWCP could no longer ensure 

consistent results and equal justice under the law for all claimants.17

In order to ensure a consistent result and equal justice under the law for cases involving 

upper extremity impairment, the Board will set aside the May 3, 2017 decision. Utilizing a 

consistent method for calculating permanent impairment for upper extremities applied uniformly, 

and after such other development as may be deemed necessary, OWCP shall issue a de novo

decision on appellant’s claim for an upper extremity schedule award.18

CONCLUSION

The Board finds that this case is not in posture for decision.

ORDER

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT the decision of the Office of Workers’

Compensation Programs dated May 3, 2017 is set aside and the case remanded for further action 

consistent with this decision of the Board.

Issued: December 15, 2017

Washington, DC

Christopher J. Godfrey, Chief Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

Patricia H. Fitzgerald, Deputy Chief Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

Valerie D. Evans-Harrell, Alternate Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

 

17 Supra note 14.

18 See FECA Bulletin No. 17-06 (issued May 8, 2017).