United States Department of Labor

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

__________________________________________

B.L., Appellant

and

DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, BUREAU OF 

PRISONS, Lexington, KY, Employer

__________________________________________

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Docket No. 17-1970

Issued: April 19, 2018

Appearances: Case Submitted on the Record

Alan J. Shapiro, Esq., for the appellant1

Office of Solicitor, for the Director

DECISION AND ORDER

Before:

CHRISTOPHER J. GODFREY, Chief Judge

PATRICIA H. FITZGERALD, Deputy Chief Judge

VALERIE D. EVANS-HARRELL, Alternate Judge

JURISDICTION

On September 22, 2017 appellant, through counsel, filed a timely appeal from a May 1, 

2017 merit decision of the Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs (OWCP). Pursuant to the 

Federal Employees’ Compensation Act2(FECA) and 20 C.F.R. §§ 501.2(c) and 501.3, the Board 

has jurisdiction over the merits of this case.

ISSUES

The issues are: (1) whether appellant has greater than four percent permanent impairment 

of his left upper extremity for which he previously received a schedule award; (2) whether he

 

1

In all cases in which a representative has been authorized in a matter before the Board, no claim for a fee for legal 

or other service performed on appeal before the Board is valid unless approved by the Board. 20 C.F.R. § 501.9(e). 

No contract for a stipulated fee or on a contingent fee basis will be approved by the Board. Id. An attorney or 

representative’s collection of a fee without the Board’s approval may constitute a misdemeanor, subject to fine or 

imprisonment for up to one year or both. Id.; see also 18 U.S.C. § 292. Demands for payment of fees to a 

representative, prior to approval by the Board, may be reported to appropriate authorities for investigation.

2 5 U.S.C. § 8101 et seq.
2

received an overpayment of compensation in the amount of $4,244.78 for the period September 15, 

2014 through January 24, 2015; and (3) whether OWCP properly denied waiver of recovery of the 

overpayment.

FACTUAL HISTORY

On November 5, 2012 appellant, then a 36-year-old correctional officer, filed a traumatic 

injury claim (Form CA-1) alleging that, on that same date, he sustained a left ring finger injury 

during a self-defense training course while in the performance of duty. By decision dated 

August 20, 2013, OWCP accepted the claim for left interphalangeal closed dislocation of finger, 

left closed fracture of phalanx, and left median nerve lesions.

Following his injury, appellant sought treatment with Dr. Stephen Umansky, a Boardcertified orthopedic surgeon. OWCP approved left ring finger surgeries by Dr. Umansky in 

November 2012 and October 2013. On November 16, 2012 appellant underwent left ring finger 

proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint procedure for fracture/dislocation. On October 3, 2013 he

underwent PIP capsular contracture. Appellant stopped work and received wage-loss 

compensation following each surgery. He subsequently returned to work. 

On July 14, 2014 appellant filed a claim for a schedule award (Form CA-7).

OWCP routed a statement of accepted facts (SOAF) and the case file to Dr. James Dyer, 

Board-certified in orthopedic surgery serving as an OWCP district medical adviser (DMA), for 

review and determination regarding whether appellant sustained permanent impairment of the left 

upper extremity and date of maximum medical improvement (MMI).

In a July 31, 2014 report, Dr. Dyer reported that appellant had reached MMI, but that he 

still had weakness and motion deficit in flexion of the 4th and 5th digits on the left which affected 

his dexterity. He reported that he needed range of motion (ROM) findings for the left 4th and 5th

digits and median nerve impairment to calculate appellant’s impairment rating. Dr. Dyer requested 

that the case be sent back to him upon receipt of the clinical data.

By letter dated August 4, 2014, OWCP requested that appellant submit an impairment 

evaluation from his attending physician in accordance with the sixth edition of the American 

Medical Association, Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (A.M.A., Guides).3

Per the recommendation of Dr. Umansky, appellant underwent a functional capacity 

evaluation (FCE) on September 15, 2014. The FCE was performed by a physical therapist who 

calculated seven percent permanent impairment of the left hand or six percent permanent 

impairment of the left upper extremity based on the sixth edition of the A.M.A., Guides.

4

In a September 19, 2014 medical report, Dr. Umansky reported that he reviewed the 

September 15, 2014 FCE and believed the measurements obtained by the hand therapist were 

 

3 A.M.A., Guides (6th ed. 2009).

4

Id.
3

likely accurate. He further noted that he had no experience with the A.M.A., Guides and was 

unable to assess the accuracy of the impairment rating. 

On September 29, 2014 OWCP routed the September 15, 2014 FCE and Dr. Umansky’s 

September 19, 2014 report to Dr. Dyer and requested that he provide an impairment rating in 

accordance with the A.M.A., Guides.

In an October 3, 2014 report, Dr. Dyer reported that the FCE incorrectly utilized the ROM 

deficit per the A.M.A., Guides and the case required a second opinion evaluation from an upper 

extremity surgeon who had intimate knowledge of the A.M.A., Guides as well as hand and median 

nerve injuries with motion deficits. 

By letter dated November 20, 2014, OWCP requested that the DMA explain what objective 

evidence was missing from the FCE and why the findings could not be used to calculate 

impairment. It noted that, if the findings could be used, then the DMA should provide an 

impairment rating in accordance with the A.M.A., Guides. 

In a November 25, 2014 report, Dr. Dyer responded to OWCP that a second opinion 

evaluation was not necessary and that the FCE could be used to calculate appellant’s impairment 

rating. He determined that appellant sustained six percent permanent impairment of the left upper 

extremity in accordance with Table 15-12 of the A.M.A., Guides for digit impairment of the ring 

finger.5

By decision dated January 6, 2015, OWCP granted appellant a schedule award for six 

percent permanent impairment of his left upper extremity. The date of MMI was noted as 

September 15, 2014. The award covered a period of 18.72 weeks from September 15, 2014 

through January 24, 2015. OWCP reported that the impairment rating was based on the findings 

of the September 15, 2014 FCE and the DMA’s November 25, 2014 report.

On January 23, 2015 appellant requested a hearing before an OWCP hearing 

representative.

By decision dated July 28, 2015, OWCP’s hearing representative set aside the January 6, 

2015 schedule award decision and remanded the case for further medical development. She

explained that OWCP failed to follow the DMA’s initial instructions to seek a second opinion 

examination. The hearing representative noted that the six percent permanent impairment rating 

was not based on an examining physician’s assessment, but rather testing performed by a physical 

therapist. She instructed OWCP to refer appellant for a second opinion evaluation to be forwarded 

to an OWCP DMA for consideration of an impairment rating.

On March 23, 2016 OWCP referred appellant, a SOAF, and the case file to Dr. Ellen 

Ballard, Board-certified in physical medicine and rehabilitation, for a second opinion evaluation 

and opinion on permanent impairment of the left upper extremity. 

 

5

Id. at 421, Table 15-12.
4

In her March 23, 2016 report, Dr. Ballard discussed appellant’s medical history and 

provided physical examination findings. She opined that appellant reached MMI on 

May 15, 2014. Utilizing Table 15-31, Finger Range of Motion, of the A.M.A., Guides, Dr. Ballard 

reported that appellant had grade 1 impairment of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint which 

resulted in 10 percent DIP flexion and 2 percent DIP extension, totaling 12 percent impairment.6 

She reported grade 2 impairment for the PIP joint resulting in 42 percent PIP flexion and 14 percent 

PIP extension, totaling 56 percent impairment. Dr. Ballard reported that 12 percent DIP fourth 

digit impairment resulted in 1 percent permanent impairment of the hand or 1 percent permanent 

impairment of the left upper extremity.7 She further explained that 56 percent PIP fourth digit 

impairment resulted in 6 percent permanent impairment of the hand or 5 percent permanent 

impairment of the left upper extremity. Dr. Ballard did not provide a rating of impairment based 

upon the diagnoses accepted by OWCP under the diagnosis-based impairment (DBI) 

methodology.8

OWCP routed the case file and Dr. Ballard’s report to Dr. Arthur S. Harris, a Boardcertified orthopedic surgeon serving as an OWCP DMA, for review and determination regarding 

whether appellant sustained permanent impairment of the left upper extremity.

In an April 8, 2016 report, Dr. Harris disagreed with Dr. Ballard’s impairment rating and 

determined that appellant sustained four percent permanent impairment of the left upper extremity. 

The DMA reported that appellant had 14 percent ring digit impairment for loss of PIP joint flexion 

and 6 percent ring digit impairment for loss of PIP joint extension, totaling 20 percent ring digit 

impairment for loss of PIP joint motion. He further determined that appellant had 25 percent ring 

digit impairment for loss of DIP joint flexion.9 Dr. Harris stated that utilizing the Combined 

Values Chart resulted in 40 percent impairment of the ring digit which was equivalent to 4 percent 

permanent impairment of the left upper extremity.

By decision dated May 5, 2016, OWCP explained that the weight of medical evidence 

established that appellant had four percent permanent impairment of the left upper extremity (arm). 

The date of MMI was found to be March 23, 2016. OWCP reported that Dr. Ballard’s March 23, 

2016 report indicated five percent permanent impairment of the left upper extremity. However, 

the schedule award determination was based on the DMA’s April 8, 2016 report in which he found 

four percent permanent impairment of the left upper extremity. It found that the weight of the 

medical evidence rested with the DMA because he was considered to be the expert on the A.M.A., 

Guides. It further noted that although there was disagreement in percentages, both physicians 

determined a permanent impairment rating lower than previously determined.

By notice dated May 16, 2016, OWCP made a preliminary determination that an 

overpayment of compensation in the amount of $4,244.78 had been created for the period 

September 15, 2014 through January 24, 2015 because appellant was overpaid for his schedule 

 

6

Id. at 470, Table 15-31.

7 Supra note 5.

8 A.M.A., Guides 393, Table 15-2.

9

Id.
5

award. It explained that he was awarded $12,915.25 for six percent permanent impairment of the 

left upper extremity when he was only entitled to $8,670.48 for four percent permanent impairment 

for the period March 23 through June 18, 2016. OWCP found appellant without fault in the 

creation of the overpayment. 

As OWCP determined that appellant was without fault in the creation of the overpayment, 

it requested that he submit financial information pursuant to the enclosed overpayment recovery 

questionnaire (OWCP-20) within 30 days if he was requesting waiver of recovery of the 

overpayment.

On May 30, 2016 appellant requested an oral hearing before an OWCP hearing

representative contesting the May 5, 2016 schedule award decision.

On June 13, 2016 appellant requested a prerecoupment hearing before an OWCP hearing 

representative. He disagreed with the fact and amount of overpayment and requested a waiver of 

recovery. Appellant argued that the initial six percent permanent impairment of his left upper 

extremity should stand and that the DMA never evaluated him to provide an opinion on 

impairment.

A hearing was held on February 13, 2017 addressing both the schedule award 

determination and preliminary overpayment determination. Appellant argued that he was entitled 

to six percent permanent impairment of his left upper extremity based on his 2014 FCE. He argued 

that he was penalized for working to improve his condition from the time of his FCE to the date 

of Dr. Ballard’s examination. Appellant further testified regarding his monthly expenses, 

explaining that he had a mortgage and line of credit and that repayment would cause him financial 

hardship. The record was held open for 30 days.

In support of his claim, appellant submitted a Form OWCP-20 overpayment recovery

questionnaire and supporting financial documentation.

By decision dated May 1, 2017, OWCP’s hearing representative affirmed the May 5, 2016 

schedule award decision, finding that appellant was entitled to no more than the four percent 

permanent impairment of the left upper extremity previously awarded. She noted that the schedule 

award was based on the report of the DMA who provided four percent impairment rating and that 

appellant had failed to submit medical evidence establishing entitlement to six percent permanent 

impairment. 

OWCP’s hearing representative also finalized the preliminary overpayment determination,

finding that appellant was overpaid in the amount of $4,244.78 for the period September 15, 2014 

through January 24, 2015 because he was overpaid for his schedule award. She explained that 

appellant was awarded $12,915.25 for six percent permanent impairment of the left upper 

extremity when he was only entitled to $8,670.48 for four percent permanent impairment for the 

period March 23 through June 18, 2016. The hearing representative also found appellant without 

fault in the creation of the overpayment. She determined that the overpayment was not subject to 

waiver, after evaluating his income and expenses, and that the overpayment could be recovered 

through a repayment schedule of $150.00 per month.
6

LEGAL PRECEDENT -- ISSUE 1

Section 8149 of FECA delegates to the Secretary of Labor the authority to prescribe rules 

and regulations for the administration and enforcement of FECA. The Secretary of Labor has 

vested the authority to implement the FECA program with the Director of OWCP.10 Section 8107 

of FECA sets forth the number of weeks of compensation to be paid for the permanent loss of use 

of specified members, functions, and organs of the body.11 FECA, however, does not specify the 

manner by which the percentage loss of a member, function, or organ shall be determined. To 

ensure consistent results and equal justice under the law, good administrative practice requires the 

use of uniform standards applicable to all claimants. Through its implementing regulations, 

OWCP adopted the A.M.A., Guides as the appropriate standard for evaluating schedule losses.12

The sixth edition of the A.M.A., Guides was first printed in 2008. Within months of the 

initial printing, the A.M.A. issued a 52-page document entitled “Clarifications and Corrections, 

Sixth Edition, Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment.” The document included 

various changes to the original text, intended to serve as an erratum/supplement to the first printing 

of the A.M.A., Guides. In April 2009, these changes were formally incorporated into the second 

printing of the sixth edition. 

As of May 1, 2009, schedule awards are determined in accordance with the sixth edition 

of the A.M.A., Guides (2009).13 The Board has approved the use by OWCP of the A.M.A., Guides

for the purpose of determining the percentage loss of use of a member of the body for schedule 

award purposes.14

ANALYSIS -- ISSUE 1

The Board finds this case is not in posture for decision.

The Board has found that OWCP has inconsistently applied Chapter 15 of the sixth edition 

of the A.M.A., Guides when granting schedule awards for upper extremity claims. No consistent 

interpretation had been followed regarding the proper use of the DBI or the ROM methodology 

when assessing the extent of permanent impairment for schedule award purposes.15 The purpose 

of the use of uniform standards is to ensure consistent results and to ensure equal justice under the 

 

10 See 20 C.F.R. §§ 1.1-1.4.

11 For a complete loss of use of an arm, an employee shall receive 312 weeks’ compensation. 5 U.S.C. § 8107(c)(1).

12 20 C.F.R. § 10.404. See also Ronald R. Kraynak, 53 ECAB 130 (2001).

13 See Federal (FECA) Procedure Manual, Part 3 -- Medical, Schedule Awards, Chapter 3.700, Exhibit 1 

(January 2010); Federal Procedure Manual, Part 2 -- Claims, Schedule Awards and Permanent Disability Claims, 

Chapter 2.808.5a (February 2013). 

14 Isidoro Rivera, 12 ECAB 348 (1961).

15 T.H., Docket No. 14-0943 (issued November 25, 2016).
7

law to all claimants.16 In T.H., the Board concluded that OWCP physicians were at odds over the 

proper methodology for rating upper extremity impairment, having observed attending physicians, 

evaluating physicians, second opinion physicians, impartial medical examiners, and district 

medical advisers use both DBI and ROM methodologies interchangeably without any consistent 

basis. Furthermore, the Board has observed that physicians interchangeably cited to language in 

the first printing or the second printing when justifying use of either ROM or DBI methodology. 

Because OWCP’s own physicians were inconsistent in the application of the A.M.A., Guides, the 

Board found that OWCP could no longer ensure consistent results and equal justice under the law 

for all claimants.17

In order to ensure consistent results and equal justice under the law for cases involving 

upper extremity impairment, the Board will set aside the May 1, 2017 decision.18 Utilizing a 

consistent method for calculating permanent impairment for upper extremities to be applied 

uniformly,

19 and such other development as may be deemed necessary, OWCP shall issue a 

de novo decision on appellant’s claim for an upper extremity schedule award.20

LEGAL PRECEDENT -- ISSUE 2

Section 8129(a) of FECA provides that when an overpayment has been made to an 

individual because of an error of fact or law, adjustment shall be made under regulations prescribed 

by the Secretary of Labor.21 When OWCP makes a determination that an overpayment of 

compensation has occurred because the claimant received an erroneous schedule award, it must 

properly resolve the schedule award issue. Before the amount of the overpayment can be 

determined, the evidence must establish the degree of permanent impairment.22

ANALYSIS -- ISSUES 2 & 3

The Board finds that this case is not in posture for decision regarding fact and amount of 

overpayment.23

In its May 1, 2017 decision, OWCP finalized the $4,244.78 preliminary determination 

finding that an overpayment of compensation occurred because appellant was incorrectly paid 

$12,915.25 for six percent permanent impairment of the left upper extremity when he was only 

entitled to $8,670.48 for four percent permanent impairment of the left upper extremity. When 

 

16 Ausbon N. Johnson, 50 ECAB 304, 311 (1999).

17 Supra note 14.

18 See E.S., Docket No. 17-0869 (issued August 14, 2017).

19 See FECA Bulletin No. 17-06 (issued May 8, 2017).

20 R.S., Docket No. 17-1783 (issued January 12, 2018).

21 5 U.S.C. § 8129(a).

22 See L.S., Docket No. 08-1247 (issued December 12, 2008); Richard Saldibar, 51 ECAB 585 (2000).

23 See generally R.W., Docket No. 14-0195 (issued October 10, 2014).
8

OWCP makes a determination that an overpayment of compensation has occurred because the 

claimant received an erroneous schedule award, it must first properly calculate the schedule 

award.24 The Board finds that the overpayment issue is not in posture for decision as OWCP has 

not properly resolved the underlying issue of appellant’s entitlement to a schedule award.25 The 

issue of recovery of the overpayment is therefore moot. 

CONCLUSION

The Board finds that this case is not in posture for decision.

ORDER

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT the May 1, 2017 decision of the Office of Workers’

Compensation Programs is set aside, and the case is remanded for further proceedings consistent 

with this decision of the Board. 

Issued: April 19, 2018

Washington, DC

Christopher J. Godfrey, Chief Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

Patricia H. Fitzgerald, Deputy Chief Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

Valerie D. Evans-Harrell, Alternate Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

 

24 See W.M., Docket No. 13-0291 (issued June 12, 2013); see Federal (FECA) Procedure Manual, Part 2 -- Claims, 

Schedule Awards and Permanent Disability Claims, Chapter 2.808.9(e) (February 2013).

25 M.F., Docket No. 16-1089 (issued December 14, 2016).