I 

111TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION H. R. 4959 

To strengthen the capacity of the United States to lead the international 

community in reversing the trends of renewable natural resource degradation around the world that threaten to undermine global prosperity 

and security and diminish the diversity of life on Earth. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

MARCH 25, 2010 

Mr. CARNAHAN (for himself, Mr. FORTENBERRY, Mr. REICHERT, Mr. MORAN

of Virginia, Mr. SIRES, Mr. EHLERS, Mrs. BIGGERT, Mrs. MALONEY, and 

Mr. DICKS) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs 

A BILL 

To strengthen the capacity of the United States to lead 

the international community in reversing the trends of 

renewable natural resource degradation around the world 

that threaten to undermine global prosperity and security 

and diminish the diversity of life on Earth. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Global Conservation 

5 Act of 2010’’. 

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1 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

2 Congress finds the following: 

3 (1) Five hundred million people in developing 

4 countries depend on fresh water from natural areas 

5 that are under threat of degradation. 

6 (2) Two billion people depend on rapidly dimin7 ishing fish stocks for a significant source of their 

8 daily protein. 

9 (3) Wild species provide more than 

10 $300,000,000,000 in benefits to world agriculture 

11 from natural pest control and the pollination of two12 thirds of the crop species that feed the world. 

13 (4) Plant breeding programs involving genetic 

14 enhancements from the wild relatives of agricultural 

15 crops have helped feed billions of people around the 

16 world and are valued at $115,000,000,000 per year. 

17 (5) Human degradation of and encroachment 

18 into natural ecosystems such as rainforests increases 

19 opportunities for the outbreak and spread of animal20 borne infectious diseases—similar to AIDS, SARS, 

21 avian flu, malaria, schistosomiasis, tuberculosis, and 

22 yellow fever—that could cause high levels of mor23 tality and affect major global industries including 

24 travel, trade, tourism, food production, and finance. 

25 (6) Forests prevent catastrophic flooding and 

26 severe drought, and coral reefs and mangroves remstockstill on DSKH9S0YB1PROD with BILLS

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1 duce the impact of large storms on coastal popu2 lations saving $9,000,000,000 in damages each year 

3 and reducing outlays for disaster assistance. 

4 (7) The destruction of forests mostly in devel5 oping countries releases more greenhouse gases than 

6 the entire world transportation sector. As one of the 

7 most cost effective ways to reduce greenhouse gas 

8 emissions, a global forest conservation program 

9 could help reduce the cost to the United States of 

10 efforts to reduce emissions. 

11 (8) More than half of the most prescribed medi12 cines in the United States are derived directly from 

13 natural compounds or patterned after them. Due to 

14 the loss of natural areas and compounds from wild 

15 species, one marketable prescription drug is esti16 mated to be lost every two years. 

17 (9) The U.S. National Intelligence Council ex18 pects demographic trends and natural resource scar19 cities relating to water, food, arable land, and energy 

20 sources to lead to instabilities and conflict in the 

21 years ahead. 

22 (10) Illegal logging, fishing, and mining in de23 veloping countries flood the international market 

24 with low-cost products that undercut the competi25 tiveness of responsible companies in the United 

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1 States. In the absence of competition from illegal 

2 producers, the United States would be able to in3 crease wood product exports by $460,000,000 a 

4 year. 

5 (11) Sound natural resource management, 

6 healthy levels of species diversity, and functioning 

7 natural ecosystems are vital to alleviating poverty 

8 for many communities in developing countries that 

9 depend on these resources for food, medicine, hous10 ing material, and other necessities. 

11 (12) Women are especially vulnerable to the 

12 threat of natural resource degradation because they 

13 produce most of the food and collect most of the 

14 firewood in many regions, comprise a large portion 

15 of small landholders and small-scale producers, face 

16 heightened food insecurity, and have less access to 

17 land, other natural resources, credit and resource 

18 management assistance. 

19 (13) The initial stages of a major extinction cri20 sis are occurring now, and as many as two-thirds of 

21 all known species could be near extinction by the end 

22 of this century. Three-quarters of the world’s terres23 trial species are in developing countries that are rap24 idly destroying their natural areas and habitats. 

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1 (14) The United States does not have a strat2 egy for reversing any of the major renewable natural 

3 resource depletion trends around the world and the 

4 threats they pose to the nation’s health, security, or 

5 economy. 

6 (15) Several executive branch agencies are en7 gaged in some aspect of international conservation, 

8 yet their efforts are not coordinated in a manner 

9 that maximizes the effectiveness of the United 

10 States’ international conservation efforts overall. 

11 (16) Participation by the United States in mul12 tilateral efforts to conserve natural resources, such 

13 as through the World Bank and the Global Environ14 mental Facility, leverages financial commitments by 

15 other countries by a much as 14 to one. 

16 SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. 

17 In this Act: 

18 (1) DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; DEVELOPING

19 WORLD.—The terms ‘‘developing countries’’ and 

20 ‘‘developing world’’ mean a country or countries with 

21 a relatively low level of material well being and con22 sidered ‘‘developing’’ by the World Bank’s 2009 

23 Country Classification System with 2008 Gross Na24 tional Income per capita below $11,905. 

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1 (2) HOTSPOT REGIONS.—The term ‘‘hotspot re2 gions’’ means regions of the developing world that 

3 contain an unusually high concentration of species 

4 found nowhere else and that have lost at least 70 

5 percent of their original extent. 

6 (3) NATURAL RESOURCES OR RENEWABLE NAT7 URAL RESOURCES.—The terms ‘‘natural resources’’ 

8 and ‘‘renewable natural resources’’ mean natural re9 sources, including soils, forests, animal and plant 

10 populations and products, coral reefs, and water but 

11 do not include nonrenewable natural resources such 

12 as minerals, oil, and other fossil fuels. 

13 (4) SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT CER14 TIFICATION SYSTEM.—The term ‘‘sustainable forest 

15 management certification system’’ means a system 

16 of forest monitoring and forest products tracking de17 signed to ensure that forest products are produced 

18 using methods that take into account a variety of 

19 widely accepted environmental, social, and economic 

20 criteria. 

21 (5) THREATENED SPECIES.—The term ‘‘threat22 ened species’’ means, at a minimum, species identi23 fied by the International Union for the Conservation 

24 of Nature and its constituent networks of governmstockstill on DSKH9S0YB1PROD with BILLS

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1 ments, specialist groups, and other stakeholders as 

2 having a high probability of global extinction. 

3 (6) WILDERNESS.—The term ‘‘wilderness’’ 

4 means areas of the developing world larger than 

5 2,500,000 acres and more than 70 percent intact. 

6 SEC. 4. PURPOSE. 

7 The purpose of this Act is to strengthen United 

8 States leadership and the effectiveness of the United 

9 States response to the worldwide natural resource and bio10 diversity depletion crisis under existing statutory authority 

11 governing United States international assistance for con12 servation by— 

13 (1) establishing a comprehensive global natural 

14 resource and biodiversity conservation assistance 

15 strategy for United States Government activities as16 sisting developing countries that includes a plan 

17 for— 

18 (A) addressing major natural resource deg19 radation trends relating to human well-being 

20 and environmental sustainability such as loss of 

21 soils, watersheds, wilderness, fish stocks, for22 ests, species, and other critical resources; 

23 (B) identifying clear goals, priorities, and 

24 benchmarks of success; 

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1 (C) the phased expansion of existing crit2 ical programs where necessary; 

3 (D) improved coordination among execu4 tive branch agencies engaged in international 

5 conservation in order to clarify roles, reduce du6 plication, and enhance effectiveness; and 

7 (E) improved integration of conservation 

8 goals within the development, security, and 

9 other foreign policy priorities of the United 

10 States; 

11 (2) providing authorization for funding for 

12 United States efforts to help address the major 

13 threats to natural resources, species, and ecosystems 

14 in developing countries; and 

15 (3) improving coordination among the United 

16 States, foreign governments, and international orga17 nizations in effectively delivering conservation assist18 ance through governments, multilateral organiza19 tions, private organizations, and local communities 

20 and community partnerships. 

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1 TITLE I—POLICY PLANNING AND 

2 IMPLEMENTATION 

3 SEC. 101. COMPREHENSIVE UNITED STATES INTER4 NATIONAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY. 

5 (a) IN GENERAL.—The President, acting through the 

6 Coordinator for Global Conservation designated pursuant 

7 section 102, shall, not later than one year after the date 

8 of the enactment of this Act, establish a comprehensive 

9 and integrated strategy (hereafter referred to as the 

10 ‘‘International Conservation Strategy’’) to help combat 

11 global natural resource and biodiversity degradation in de12 veloping countries and that builds on existing bilateral and 

13 multilateral programs and strengthens the capacity of the 

14 United States to collaborate with developing countries and 

15 other donor countries and the private sector and be an 

16 effective leader of an international effort of such Strategy. 

17 (b) PROGRAMMATIC APPROACH.—The International 

18 Conservation Strategy established pursuant to subsection 

19 (a) shall provide a comprehensive Government-wide plan 

20 of action to address global natural resource and biodiver21 sity degradation that identifies specific and measurable 

22 goals, benchmarks, and time frames, including— 

23 (1) advancing conservation in the world’s most 

24 ecologically and economically important terrestrial 

25 wilderness areas and marine ecosystems such that 

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1 conservation or sustainable development consistent 

2 with long-term conservation has been achieved on an 

3 area of land exceeding 2,000,000 square miles and 

4 an area of sea exceeding 6,000,000 square miles; 

5 (2) protecting 34 discrete hotspot regions that 

6 provide a high level of economic benefit to human 

7 communities as well as a high concentration of ge8 netic and other natural resources; 

9 (3) helping developing countries address unlaw10 ful, unreported, and unregulated fishing in ten devel11 oping countries where fish stocks are severely de12 pleted and regional fishing economies threatened 

13 through increased surveillance and enforcement; 

14 (4) safeguarding natural areas providing fresh 

15 water to 12 major urban centers in developing coun16 tries or 50,000,000 people in developing countries; 

17 (5) advancing enforcement efforts against un18 lawful wildlife trafficking operations in ten centers 

19 of the unlawful global wildlife trade; 

20 (6) stabilizing or reversing renewable natural 

21 resource scarcity trends in three regions that are 

22 vulnerable to conflict, instability, or mass migration 

23 from natural resource depletion; and 

24 (7) expanding substantially the amount of eco25 nomically and ecologically significant forested land 

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1 under a credible sustainable forest management cer2 tification system. 

3 (c) COORDINATION AND LEVERAGE.—The Inter4 national Conservation Strategy shall coordinate and lever5 age the participation of relevant executive branch agen6 cies, foreign governments, and the private sector in ways 

7 that— 

8 (1) clarify United States efforts to address the 

9 conservation crisis within the broader United States 

10 development, foreign policy, and security agendas; 

11 (2) establish policy guidance to link investments 

12 in specific conservation programs to the broader 

13 goals of advancing economic development, alleviating 

14 poverty, improving United States economic competi15 tiveness, protecting global public health, improving 

16 the access of women to natural resources, and reduc17 ing resource scarcities that have the potential to lead 

18 to civil instabilities, mass migrations, and conflict; 

19 (3) reflect Government-wide policy that encom20 passes the programs of and reduces duplication 

21 among executive branch agencies that influence or 

22 engage in international conservation; 

23 (4) provide a plan to identify and improve 

24 United States policies that could be undermining the 

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1 conservation of critical natural resources and bio2 diversity abroad; and 

3 (5) seek to encourage and leverage participation 

4 from the private sector, other donor governments, 

5 governments of developing countries, international 

6 financial institutions, and other international organi7 zations to implement such Strategy. 

8 (d) REVISION.—Not later than five years after the 

9 International Conservation Strategy is established, such 

10 Strategy shall be revised to reflect— 

11 (1) new information collected pursuant to the 

12 implementation of such Strategy; 

13 (2) advances in the understanding of biological 

14 diversity, the economic and security impacts of re15 newable natural resource degradation, and climate 

16 change; and 

17 (3) the impacts of climate change on conserva18 tion, biodiversity, and human needs. 

19 SEC. 102. POLICY IMPLEMENTATION. 

20 (a) COORDINATOR.—The President shall designate 

21 an individual to serve in the Executive Office of the Presi22 dent as the Coordinator for Global Conservation (hereafter 

23 referred to as the ‘‘Coordinator’’). The Coordinator 

24 shall— 

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1 (1) advise the President on international con2 servation-related issues; 

3 (2) oversee the development and implementa4 tion of the International Conservation Strategy es5 tablished pursuant to section 101(a); 

6 (3) enhance program and policy coordination 

7 among the relevant executive branch agencies in im8 plementing the International Conservation Strategy 

9 by ensuring that each relevant executive branch 

10 agency undertakes programs primarily in those 

11 areas where each such agency has the greatest ex12 pertise, technical capabilities, and potential for suc13 cess and ensuring that agencies avoid duplication of 

14 effort; 

15 (4) evaluate the effectiveness of the inter16 national conservation programs of the relevant exec17 utive branch agencies in meeting the goals of the 

18 International Conservation Strategy by developing 

19 and applying specific performance measurements; 

20 (5) assess and certify the adequacy of the budg21 ets for the international conservation programs of 

22 the relevant executive branch agencies in meeting 

23 the goals of the International Conservation Strategy, 

24 and submit to the heads of the departments and 

25 agencies with responsibilities under such Strategy by 

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1 July 1 of each year budget recommendations, includ2 ing requests for specific initiatives that are con3 sistent with the President’s priorities under such 

4 Strategy; 

5 (6) take such actions as are necessary to ensure 

6 that the climate change, export and business devel7 opment, trade, and development and humanitarian 

8 assistance polices of the various executive branch 

9 agencies advance the interests of the United States 

10 in conserving critical global natural resources and 

11 biodiversity; 

12 (7) identify innovative pilot projects or under13 funded programs for early or immediate funding 

14 that are important for demonstrating or further de15 veloping conservation methodologies or approaches 

16 likely to be important to the success of the Inter17 national Conservation Strategy; 

18 (8) identify innovative pilot projects or under19 funded programs that result in expanding the access 

20 of women to sustainably managed natural resources 

21 and to techniques for improved natural resource 

22 management; 

23 (9) expand significantly the role of private sec24 tor leveraging in United States bilateral global con25 servation assistance by substantially expanding promstockstill on DSKH9S0YB1PROD with BILLS

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1 grams that leverage private sector contributions, 

2 such as the Agency for International Development’s 

3 Global Development Alliance in the conservation sec4 tor; and 

5 (10) take such actions as are necessary to use 

6 diplomatic mechanisms, relevant international insti7 tutions and agreements, and other appropriate 

8 mechanisms to lead other countries toward the goals 

9 and actions of the International Conservation Strat10 egy, together with commitments of increased funding 

11 for meeting such goals. 

12 (b) INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP ON GLOBAL

13 CONSERVATION.— 

14 (1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Coordinator shall 

15 establish in the executive branch the Interagency 

16 Working Group on Global Conservation (hereafter 

17 referred to as ‘‘the interagency group’’). 

18 (2) DUTIES.—The interagency group shall— 

19 (A) advise the Coordinator on the develop20 ment and implementation of the International 

21 Conservation Strategy; 

22 (B) assist the Coordinator in discharging 

23 the responsibilities of the Coordinator specified 

24 in subsection (a); 

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1 (C) review policies that may be obstacles to 

2 achieving the goals of the International Con3 servation Strategy; 

4 (D) oversee and report on the implementa5 tion of the strategy within the relevant execu6 tive branch agencies; 

7 (E) advise the Coordinator of measures to 

8 increase appropriate agency participation in and 

9 interagency coordination on conservation 

10 projects; and 

11 (F) meet regularly to review progress on 

12 the objectives described in subparagraphs (A) 

13 through (E). 

14 (3) MEMBERSHIP.—The interagency group 

15 shall consist of officials in relevant executive branch 

16 agencies responsible for overseeing and imple17 menting programs that conduct international con18 servation activities or affect the ability of the United 

19 States to achieve the goals of the International Con20 servation Strategy, as well as officials capable of 

21 providing information to the Coordinator that can 

22 aid in the development and implementation of such 

23 Strategy. 

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1 SEC. 103. PRESIDENT’S ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON GLOBAL 

2 CONSERVATION. 

3 (a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The President shall establish 

4 the President’s Advisory Committee for Global Conserva5 tion (hereafter referred to as ‘‘the Advisory Committee’’) 

6 to ensure that the best scientific expertise and the con7 cerns of relevant public constituencies are reflected in the 

8 international conservation policies of the United States. 

9 (b) DUTIES.—The Advisory Committee shall— 

10 (1) advise the President on the development 

11 and implementation of the International Conserva12 tion Strategy established pursuant to section 101(a); 

13 (2) assist the Coordinator in the implementa14 tion of the Coordinator’s responsibilities in accord15 ance with section 102; 

16 (3) review periodically the progress of such 

17 Strategy and at least on an annual basis bring to 

18 the attention of the Coordinator innovative pilot 

19 projects that further develop conservation meth20 odologies likely to be important to the success of the 

21 International Conservation Strategy; and 

22 (4) take steps to educate the public about the 

23 global conservation programs of the United States. 

24 (c) MEMBERSHIP.—The Advisory Committee shall 

25 consist of at least 25 members, of whom— 

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1 (1) not fewer than four shall be selected from 

2 representatives of United States universities or non3 governmental organizations and have an expertise in 

4 international conservation; 

5 (2) not fewer than two shall be selected from 

6 representatives of United States universities or non7 governmental organizations and have an expertise in 

8 the relationship among natural resources, biodiver9 sity, economic development, and poverty alleviation; 

10 (3) not fewer than two shall be selected from 

11 representatives of United States private businesses 

12 or trade associations and have an expertise in the re13 lationship between global natural resource conserva14 tion and the competitiveness of the United States 

15 economy or key industries; 

16 (4) not fewer than two shall be former members 

17 of Congress or former high level officials in the exec18 utive branch; 

19 (5) not fewer than two shall represent religious 

20 institutions or communities of faith; 

21 (6) not fewer than one shall be an expert on the 

22 effects of natural resource degradation on women’s 

23 lives and livelihoods; 

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1 (7) not fewer than one shall be selected from a 

2 zoological institution with expertise in in situ and ex 

3 situ conservation; 

4 (8) not fewer than one shall be selected from 

5 representatives of United States universities or non6 governmental organizations and have an expertise in 

7 global freshwater water supply; 

8 (9) not fewer than one shall be selected from 

9 representatives of United States universities or non10 governmental organizations and have an expertise in 

11 the relationship between natural resource conserva12 tion and food security; 

13 (10) not fewer than one shall be selected from 

14 representatives of United States universities or non15 governmental organizations and have an expertise in 

16 the effects of climate change on natural resources 

17 and biological diversity; 

18 (11) not fewer than one shall be a former mem19 ber of the United States Armed Forces and have an 

20 expertise in natural resource scarcity and conflict 

21 and security issues; 

22 (12) not fewer than one shall be selected from 

23 representatives of United States universities or non24 governmental organizations and have an expertise in 

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1 infectious diseases that can be shared between ani2 mal and human populations; and 

3 (13) not fewer than one shall be selected from 

4 the arts or the media. 

5 (d) PERIOD OF APPOINTMENT.—Each member of the 

6 Advisory Committee shall be appointed for a term of three 

7 years except that of the initial members of the committee 

8 in which one-third of the members shall be appointed for 

9 a term of two years, one-third shall be appointed for a 

10 term of three years, and one-third shall be appointed for 

11 a term of four years. 

12 (e) MEETINGS.—The Advisory Committee shall con13 vene at the request of the chairperson who shall be se14 lected by the Coordinator or, at the discretion of the Coor15 dinator, selected by a majority vote of the members of the 

16 Advisory Committee. 

17 (f) REPORTING.—The Advisory Committee shall re18 port to the Coordinator on its deliberations, conclusions, 

19 and recommendations. 

20 (g) EXPENSES.—The members of the Advisory Com21 mittee shall be allowed travel expenses, including per diem 

22 in lieu of subsistence, at rates authorized for employees 

23 of agencies under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, 

24 United States Code, while away from their homes or regmstockstill on DSKH9S0YB1PROD with BILLS

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1 ular places of business in performance of services for the 

2 committee. 

3 (h) EXEMPTION.—The Federal Advisory Committee 

4 Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the work process 

5 and recommendations of the Advisory Committee. 

6 SEC. 104. REPORTING. 

7 (a) ANNUAL REPORTS, INCLUDING BEST PRACTICES

8 REPORTS.—Not later than one year after the date of the 

9 enactment of this Act and annually thereafter, the Presi10 dent shall transmit to the Committee on Foreign Affairs 

11 of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 

12 Foreign Relations of the Senate a report on the develop13 ment and implementation of the International Conserva14 tion Strategy established pursuant to section 101(a) as15 sessing progress made during the preceding year and high16 lighting the programs receiving financial assistance from 

17 the United States that have the potential for replication 

18 or adaptation, particularly at low cost, across international 

19 conservation programs. 

20 (b) PROGRAM REVIEW.—Not later than four years 

21 after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President 

22 shall transmit to the committees referred to in subsection 

23 (a) a report assessing progress made during the preceding 

24 four years and evaluating the effectiveness of United 

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1 States global conservation programs in achieving the 

2 International Conservation Strategy. 

3 (c) PUBLICATION OF REPORTS.—The Coordinator 

4 shall ensure that all reports required by this section are 

5 published on the White House Web site or another appro6 priate Web site. 

7 SEC. 105. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

8 There is authorized to be appropriated such sums as 

9 may be necessary to carry out this title. 

10 TITLE II—MULTILATERAL 

11 PROGRAMS 

12 SEC. 201. PURPOSE. 

13 The purpose of this title is to leverage significantly 

14 United States financial commitments to global natural re15 sources conservation by encouraging other countries to 

16 make substantial commitments of funding and other forms 

17 of assistance to a comprehensive and coordinated inter18 national natural resource and biodiversity conservation as19 sistance strategy in order to promote economic develop20 ment, human health, food and water security, environ21 mental sustainability, the protection of biodiversity, and 

22 local and regional security. 

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1 SEC. 202. DIPLOMATIC GOALS AND VENUES. 

2 (a) GOALS.—Congress urges the President to work 

3 with the world’s major foreign assistance donor countries 

4 to— 

5 (1) develop a comprehensive and coordinated 

6 international conservation assistance strategy con7 sistent with the priorities identified in the United 

8 States International Conservation Strategy estab9 lished pursuant to section 101(a); 

10 (2) identify innovative and efficient multilateral 

11 mechanisms that can be used to coordinate inter12 national action by all participating donor countries, 

13 identify and reduce duplication of efforts among 

14 such donors, achieve the most cost effective invest15 ments, and leverage international foreign assistance 

16 with meaningful financial and other commitments in 

17 recipient countries; 

18 (3) agree on funding requirements and funding 

19 goals from all participating donor countries; 

20 (4) negotiate a timetable for achieving such 

21 Strategy’s goals; and 

22 (5) promote existing multilateral initiatives de23 signed to identify meaningful levels of interim fund24 ing for forest conservation in developing countries in 

25 advance of the implementation of any international 

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1 program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from 

2 forest destruction and degradation. 

3 (b) VENUES.—Congress urges the President to ex4 plore opportunities for achieving the goals identified in 

5 this section within the context of United States bilateral 

6 diplomacy with other important international donor coun7 tries, bilateral diplomacy with newly emerging donor coun8 tries, and all appropriate multilateral venues. 

Æ 

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