FILED U.S. COURT OF AP P EALS E LEVEN T HC IRC UIT MARCH 7, 2006 THOMAS K. KAH

N CLERK [ DO NO T P UB L I S H] I N THE UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS F O R T H E E L E V E N T H C IR C U IT

________________________ N o. 05- 14034 N on -A rgum entC al endar

________________________ D . C. D o c k e tN o . 0 4 - 0 0 0 8 7 - CR- FTM - 2 9 - SPC U N I T E D S T A T E S O F A M E R I C A , P la in tif f - A p p e lle e , v ersu s C H A R L E S E . D A N I E L S , D e f e n d a n t- A p p e lla n t.

________________________ A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f orthe M i ddl e D i s tr i c tof F l or i da

_________________________ ( M ar c h 7, 2006) B efo re A N D E R S O N , B IR C H an d K R A V IT C H , C i rcu i tJu d g es. P E R C U R I A M: C h arl es D an i el s ap p eal s h i s sen t en ces o f co n cu rren tt erm s o f 1 6 8 m o n th s’Although policealso found marijuana with the crack c ocaineand coc aine at the 1 residenc e where they

arrested Da

niels, he wa s not charg ed with possession of marijuana .

2 i m pri sonm entfor posse ss i on w i th i nt entt o d i stri bu t e f i ve gram s or m ore of c ra ck c oc a i ne , i n vi ol a t i on of

21 U . S . C . § 841( a ) ( 1) a nd ( b) ( 1) ( B ) ( i i i ) , a nd pos s e s s i on w ith in te n t to d is tr ib u te ad e te c tab le a m o u n t o f c o c a in e , in v io la tio n o f 2 1 U .S .C . § 8 4 1 ( a ) ( 1 ) a n d ( b ) ( 1 ) ( C ) . B e c au s e w e f in d th a t th e d is tr ic t c o u rt p r o p e r ly c o n s i d e r e d th e s e n t e n c i n g g u i d e l i n e s a n d th e f a c t o r s s e tf

o rth i n 1 8 U . S. C § 3 5 5 3 ( a ) i n a rr i v i n g a tar e a s o n ab l e s e n t e n c e , w e a f f i rm. I . Ba c k g r o und D a n ie ls p le a d e d g u iltyto tw o c o u n ts o f p o s s e s s io n w ith in te n t to d is tr ib u te c r a c k c oc a i ne a nd c oc a i ne . A f t e rhi s pl e ahe a r i ng, butpr i ort o s e nt e nc i ng, the 1 d is tr ic t c o u rt is s u e d a n a rr e s t w a rr a n t f o rD a n ie ls f

o rv io la tio n o f

th e te rm s o f

h is pretri al re l ea se . T he prob at i on offi ce r pre pare d a pres ent ence i nv es t i gat i on re po rt(“ P S I” ), gr oupi ng the of

f e ns e s t oge the ra nd a s s i gni ng aba s e of f e ns e l e ve l of

26 gi ve n the am ou ntof cr ac k cocai ne, coca i ne and m ar i j uana i nv ol ved. T he P S I a l so re fl ec t ed th e p r o b a tio n o f

f ic e r ’s d e te rm in a tio n th a t D a n ie ls w a s ac a r e e ro f f e n d e rp u r s u a n t to U . S . S . G . § 4 B 1. 1, i ncre as i ng hi s off ense l evel t o 3 4. T he prob at i on offi ce r then r e c o m m e n d e d ath r e e - le v e l r e d u c tio n f o ra c c e p ta n c e o f

r e s p o n s ib ility , r e s u ltin g in a n a dj us t e d of

f e ns e l e ve l of

31.3

N ot i ng D ani el s’ s pri or offe nses dat i ng back t o age 16 , the prob at i on offi ce r pl ac ed hi m i n cri m i nal hi st ory c at egory V I. A t s e n te n c in g , D a n ie ls m a d e th r e e o b je c tio n s : ( 1 ) h e a r g u e d th a t, p u r s u a n t to U ni t ed S t at es v. B oo ker, 54 3 U . S . 22 0 (20 05 ), the di stri ctcourtneed no tconsi der the se nt enci ng gu i del i nes and shou l d i nst ea d b as e i t s s ent ence on the fa ct ors s et f orth i n 18 U . S . C § 3553( a ) ; ( 2) he obj e c t e d t o ar e f e r e nc e i n the P S I t o the m a r i j ua nathe pol i c e f

ound upon hi s a rr e s t , a s he w a s notc ha r ge d w i th m a r i j ua na pos s e s s i on; a nd ( 3) he obj e c t e d t o be i ng s e nt e nc e d a s ac a r e e rof f e nde r , a r gui ng that , as a r es ul t , he w ou l d b e gi ven an u nrea sonabl e s ent ence , i . e. , a s ent ence g reat er th an n ecessary to ach i ev e th e p u rp o ses setfo rth i n § 3 5 5 3 (a). F i n al l y, D a n ie ls r e q u e s te d le n ie n c yb a s e d o n h is e f f o rts a t p o s t- o f

f e n s e r e h ab ilita tio n , h is rol e a s al ow -l evelstre etdeal er , and h i s r em orse . I n l i ghtof

the above f

a c t or s , the di s tr i c tc ourtde pa rt e d dow nw a r d t o a cr i m i nal hi st ory c at egory of V . H ow ever , the courtdecl i ned further dow nw ar d de pa rtur e s , not i ng tha tD a ni e l s ha d t e s t e d pos i t i ve f orm a r i j ua naw hi l e outon bond a n d h a d o th e rw is e v io la te d th e te rm s o f h is r e le a s e . T h e c o u rt c o n c lu d e d th a t, in lig h t o f th e ab s e n c e o f

e x c e p tio n a l r e m o r s e o re x tr a o r d in a ryr e h ab ilita tio n e f f o rts , a se nt ence of 16 8 m on ths’ i m pri sonm ent , w hi ch w as atthe l ow end o f the gu i del i nes r a nge , w a s s uf

f i c i e ntbutnotgr e a t e rtha n ne c e s s a ryt o m e e tthe s e nt e nc i ng goa l s of4

§ 3 55 3(a) . I I . D i s c u s s i on T he go vernm entfi rs tar gu es thatthi s c ou rtl ac ks j uri sdi ct i on t o revi ew D ani el s’ s s ent ence s pursuantt o 1 8 U . S . C . § 3 74 2(a) because the se nt ence s w er e not“ i m pos e d i n vi ol a t i on of the l a w ” or“ a s ar e s ul tof a n i nc orr e c tappl i c a t i on of the se nt enci ng gu i del i nes, ” and ea ch se nt ence i s w i thi n the appl i cabl e gui del i nes r a nge . I d. A s thi s c ourtr e c e nt l ye xpl a i ne d i n U ni t e d S t a t e s v. M a rt i ne z , N o. 05- 12706, s l i p op. ( 11th C i r . J a n. 9, 2006) , how e ve r , “ apos t - B ooke rappe a l ba s e d on the “ un re as on abl enes s” of a s ent ence , w hether w i thi n o r out si de the advi sory gui de l i ne s r a nge , i s a n appe a l a s s e rt i ng tha tthe s e nt e nc e w a s i m pos e d i n vi ol a t i on o f la w p u r s u a n t to § 3 7 4 2 ( a ) ( 1 ) .” I d . a t 8 - 9 . A c c o r d in g ly , w e h a v e ju r is d ic tio n to co n si d er th e reaso n ab l en ess o f D an i el s’ s sen t en ces. A ft erB oo ker, w e r evi ew a def endant ’ s s ent ence for r ea sonabl enes s. U ni t ed S t at es v. W i ni ng ear, 42 2 F . 3d 12 41 , 12 44 (11th C i r. 20 05 ). F i rs t , the di stri ctcourt m ustcorr ec t l y c al cul at e the appl i cabl e gui del i nes r ange. S ee U ni t ed S t at es v. L ee , 42 7 F . 3d 88 1, 89 2 (11 th C i r. 20 05 ). S ec on d, the courtm ustconsi der the advi sory gui de l i ne s a s w e l l a s the f a c t or s s e tf

orth i n § 3553( a ) . S e e U ni t e d S t a t e s v. R o d r ig u e z , 3 9 8 F .3 d 1 2 9 1 , 1 3 0 0 ( 1 1 th C ir .) , c e rt. d e n ie d , 1 2 5 S . C t. 2 9 3 5 ( 2 0 0 5 ) . T he c ourtne e d not“ c onduc ta n a c c ount i ng of e ve ry§ 3553( a ) f

a c t or. . . a nd5

expo un d u po n h ow ea ch fa ct or pl ay ed a r ol e i n i t s s ent enci ng deci si on , ” how ever . Un i t e d S t a t e s v . R o b l e s , 4 0 8 F . 3 d 1 3 2 4 , 1 3 2 8 ( 1 1 th C i r . 2 0 0 5 ) . “ [ O] r d i n a r i l ywe w o u ld e x p e c t as e n te n c e w ith in th e G u id e lin e s r a n g e to b e r e a s o n ab le ;” D a n ie ls be a r s the bur de n of

s how i ng tha thi s s e nt e nc e w a s unr e a s onabl e . U ni t e d S t a t e s v. T al l ey , 43 1 F . 3d 78 4, 78 8 (11 th C i r. 20 05 ). H er e, D ani el s’ s s ent ence s w er e r ea sonabl e. F i rs t , D ani el s w as se nt ence d at the l ow e nd of

the gui de l i ne s r a nge . S e c ond, the c ourtde pa rt e d dow nw a r d i n the c r i m i n a l h i s t o ryc a t e g o ryb e c au s e i tf o u n d th a tac r i m i n a l h i s t o ryc a t e g o ryo f VI ov er -r epre se nt ed D ani el s’ s c ri m i nal hi st ory. T hi rd, D ani el s r ec ei ved a three -l evel re du ct i on for hi s a cc ept ance of re spon si bi l i ty. F i nal l y, the courtconsi dere d D a n ie ls ’s a tte m p ts a t r e h ab ilita tio n , a lth o u g h it c o n c lu d e d th a t D a n ie ls ’s in ab ility t o abi de by the t e rm s of hi s s upe rvi s e d r e l e a s e de m ons tr a t e d tha thi s r e habi l i t a t i on e f f o rts w e r e n o t e x tr a o r d in a ry . B ec ause the di stri ctcourtbo th corre ct l y c al cul at ed the appl i cabl e gui del i nes r a nge a nd c ons i de r e d the gui de l i ne s , the § 3553( a ) f a c t or s , the c i r c um s t a nc e s of the of f e ns e a nd D a ni e l s ’ s a r gum e nt s , w e hol d tha tthe s e nt e nc e s i m pos e d bythe di stri ctcourtw er e r ea sonabl e. A cc ordi ng l y, w e A F F I R M.