United States Department of Labor

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

_________________________________________

B.M., Appellant

and

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, 

FEDERAL AIR MARSHAL SERVICE, 

Chantilly, VA, Employer

__________________________________________

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Docket No. 18-0448

Issued: January 2, 2020

Appearances: Case Submitted on the Record

Alan J. Shapiro, Esq., for the appellant1

Office of Solicitor, for the Director

DECISION AND ORDER

Before:

PATRICIA H. FITZGERALD, Deputy Chief Judge

JANICE B. ASKIN, Judge

VALERIE D. EVANS-HARRELL, Alternate Judge

JURISDICTION

On December 29, 2017 appellant, through counsel, filed a timely appeal from an October 5, 

2017 merit decision of the Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs (OWCP). Pursuant to the 

Federal Employees’ Compensation Act2(FECA) and 20 C.F.R. §§ 501.2(c) and 501.3, the Board 

has jurisdiction over the merits of this case. 

 

1

In all cases in which a representative has been authorized in a matter before the Board, no claim for a fee for legal 

or other service performed on appeal before the Board is valid unless approved by the Board. 20 C.F.R. § 501.9(e).

No contract for a stipulated fee or on a contingent fee basis will be approved by the Board. Id. An attorney or 

representative’s collection of a fee without the Board’s approval may constitute a misdemeanor, subject to fine or 

imprisonment for up to one year or both. Id.; see also 18 U.S.C. § 292. Demands for payment of fees to a 

representative, prior to approval by the Board, may be reported to appropriate authorities for investigation.

2 5 U.S.C. § 8101 et seq.
2

ISSUE

The issue is whether appellant has established a condition causally related to factors of his 

federal employment.

FACTUAL HISTORY

This case has previously been before the Board.3 The facts and circumstances of the case 

as set forth in the Board’s prior decision are incorporated herein by reference. The relevant facts 

are as follows. 

On April 10, 2014 appellant, then a 45-year-old supervisory federal air marshal, filed an 

occupational disease claim (Form CA-2) alleging right shoulder pain that radiated to his right arm 

while participating in squad training on April 7 and 8, 2014. He did not immediately stop work; 

however, he was later off work intermittently and then stopped work completely on June 1, 2014.

By decision dated July 8, 2014, OWCP denied the claim finding that the evidence of record

was insufficient to establish that the events occurred as alleged and, therefore, the requirements 

had not been met to establish an injury as defined by FECA. 

On July 22, 2014 appellant requested a hearing before an OWCP hearing representative, 

held on February 12, 2015. He testified that he was required to participate in squad training for 40 

hours per quarter, and during squad training on April 7, 2014, he experienced shoulder pain after 

striking a heavy bag. Appellant further testified that, while performing pull-ups on April 8, 2014,

he felt a “pop” and significant pain in his shoulder and then experienced pain which radiated from 

his shoulder to his hand. He noted that his physicians found that his complaints could be related 

to a cervical condition, and after diagnostic testing, he underwent a C5-6 cervical fusion surgery

in December 2014. Subsequent to the hearing, appellant submitted a number of medical reports 

to the record. 

By decision dated April 14, 2015, OWCP’s hearing representative found that the 

employment events occurred as alleged, but denied the claim finding that the medical evidence of 

record was insufficient to establish that the accepted events caused appellant’s right shoulder or 

cervical conditions. 

On May 12, 2015 appellant, through counsel, appealed to the Board. By decision dated 

October 1, 2015, the Board found that he had not met his burden of proof to establish that his right 

shoulder and cervical conditions were causally related to the accepted factors of his federal 

employment.4

On September 1, 2016 requested reconsideration and submitted new evidence.

 

3 Docket No. 15-1233 (issued October 1, 2015).

4

Id.
3

In a January 18, 2016 report, Dr. Ali Moshirfar, a Board-certified orthopedic surgeon, 

noted that appellant had been under his care for his cervical condition since 2014. He advised that 

appellant was referred to him by his orthopedic shoulder specialist, Dr. Michael Kavanagh, a 

Board-certified orthopedic surgeon. Dr. Moshirfar explained that appellant had participated in a 

work training activity on April 7, 2014 and that after two to three days of consecutive training, 

appellant began experiencing right shoulder pain as well as radicular pain to the right shoulder 

scapular area, right arm, and forearm. He indicated that appellant also saw Dr. Kavanagh, who 

obtained magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the shoulder and cervical spine on 

April 22, 2014. Dr. Moshirfar indicated that the neck MRI scan reflected spondylosis with disc 

osteophytic complexes causing foraminal narrowing from C3-7. Furthermore, he indicated that,

at C5-6, a severe right-sided herniation and stenosis was noted consistent with appellant’s radicular 

pain pattern of pain into the right shoulder and arm which presented after his work training in 

April 2014. Dr. Moshirfar explained that the additional stress of doing pull-ups and further 

training may have exacerbated his underlying degenerative condition in addition to the herniation 

at C5-6. He also indicated that a cervical fusion was performed on appellant on December 1, 2014. 

Dr. Moshirfar noted that, while appellant improved, he continued to have persistent neck pain and 

radiculopathy. He related that he had a chance to read appellant’s description of events and opined: 

“It is my opinion to a reasonable degree of medical certainty as a Board-certified spine surgeon 

that the events of April 2014 relating to [appellant’s] work training and striking a heavy bag during 

training with subsequent pull-ups lead to the contribution of the C5 disc herniation with persistent 

right arm radiculopathy as well as exacerbation of his underlying degenerative disease. This, I 

believe to be the proximate cause of his worsening condition which lead to the surgery, the cervical 

fusion.” Dr. Moshirfar also indicated that appellant remained unable to perform his prescribed 

work duties. 

By decision dated November 21, 2016, OWCP denied modification of its April 14, 2015 

decision.

On August 28, 2017 counsel requested reconsideration and submitted new evidence. 

In an August 2, 2017 report, Dr. Kavanagh noted that he first treated appellant on 

April 22, 2014. He explained that he ordered an MRI scan of appellant’s right shoulder and of his 

cervical spine. Dr. Kavanagh explained that, regarding the right shoulder, appellant had “a SLAP 

[superior labral tear from anterior to posterior] tear of the superior labrum and tendinitis,” and 

degenerative changes as revealed in the May 23, 2014 MRI scan. He indicated that the 

degenerative changes most likely made appellant more susceptible to the injury, which caused the 

diagnosed condition. Dr. Kavanagh indicated that appellant’s complaints correlated with the 

clinical findings. He related that appellant indicated that, on April 7, 2014, while striking a heavy 

bag, he felt an uncomfortable pain in the back of his right shoulder blade. Dr. Kavanagh opined 

that it was more than likely the beginning of the diagnosed tear as the tendinitis or inflammation. 

Furthermore, he explained that, on the following day, while doing pull-ups, additional stress would 

have been placed on the right shoulder as well as the neck further causing damage to the tear and 

tendinitis that began from events from the previous day. Dr. Kavanagh also provided an opinion 

regarding appellant’s description of the increased pain upon doing pull-ups and the sensation of 

electricity from the back of his right shoulder (the site of the tear) running through his right hand. 

He indicated that performing the pull-ups would cause additional strain on the shoulder which was 

already damaged to a lesser extent from the previous day, thus causing greater damage.
4

Dr. Kavanagh further explained that appellant’s right shoulder was damaged and unable to absorb

the stress of the pull-ups and additional stress would have been placed on the cervical spine. He

also noted that an MRI scan of the cervical spine from July 29, 2014, revealed bulging and stenosis 

at multiple levels. Dr. Kavanagh indicated that he referred appellant to Dr. Moshirfar for 

evaluation and treatment of the cervical spine. He also noted that provided restrictions in regards 

to the right shoulder since he first began seeing appellant on April 22, 2014. 

By decision dated October 5, 2017, OWCP denied modification of its November 21, 2016 

decision.

LEGAL PRECEDENT 

An employee seeking benefits under FECA5 has the burden of proof to establish the 

essential elements of his or her claim, including the fact that the individual is an employee of the 

United States within the meaning of FECA, that the claim was timely filed within the applicable 

time limitation period of FECA,6that an injury was sustained in the performance of duty as alleged, 

and that any disability or medical condition for which compensation is claimed is causally related 

to the employment injury.7 These are the essential elements of each and every compensation claim, 

regardless of whether the claim is predicated upon a traumatic injury or an occupational disease.8

In an occupational disease claim, appellant’s burden of proof requires submission of the 

following: (1) a factual statement identifying employment factors alleged to have caused or 

contributed to the presence or occurrence of the disease or condition; (2) medical evidence 

establishing the presence or existence of the disease or condition for which compensation is 

claimed; and (3) medical evidence establishing that the diagnosed condition is causally related to 

the employment factors identified by the employee.9

Causal relationship is a medical issue and the medical evidence required to establish causal 

relationship is rationalized medical opinion evidence.10 The opinion of the physician must be 

based on a complete factual and medical background of the employee, must be one of reasonable 

medical certainty, and must be supported by medical rationale explaining the nature of the 

 

5 Supra note 2. 

6 T.H., Docket No. 18-1585 (issued March 22, 2019); S.B., Docket No. 17-1779 (issued February 7, 2018); J.P., 59 

ECAB 178 (2007); Joe D. Cameron, 41 ECAB 153 (1989).

7 T.H., id.; J.M., Docket No. 17-0284 (issued February 7, 2018); R.C., 59 ECAB 427 (2008); James E. Chadden, 

Sr., 40 ECAB 312 (1988).

8 T.H., id.; K.M., Docket No. 15-1660 (issued September 16, 2016); L.M., Docket No. 13-1402 (issued February 7, 

2014); Delores C. Ellyett, 41 ECAB 992 (1990).

9 A.H., Docket No. 19-0270 (issued June 25, 2019); R.H., 59 ECAB 382 (2008); Ernest St. Pierre, 51 ECAB 

623 (2000).

10 A.H., id.; I.R., Docket No. 09-1229 (issued February 24, 2010); D.I., 59 ECAB 158 (2007).
5

relationship between the diagnosed condition and the specific employment factors identified by 

the employee.11

ANALYSIS

The Board finds that this case is not in posture for decision. 

Preliminarily, the Board notes that it is unnecessary for the Board to consider the evidence 

submitted prior to the issuance of OWCP’s April 14, 2015 decision. The Board considered that 

evidence in its October 1, 2015 decision and found that it was insufficient to establish his claim. 

Findings made in prior the Board decisions are res judicata absent any further review by OWCP 

under section 8128 of FECA.12

In an August 2, 2017 report, Dr. Kavanagh explained that, regarding the right shoulder, 

appellant had a SLAP tear of the superior labrum and tendinitis and degenerative changes as 

revealed in the May 23, 2014 MRI scan. He further explained that appellant had degenerative 

changes which most likely made appellant more susceptible to the injury, which caused the 

diagnosed condition. Dr. Kavanagh related that appellant advised him that, on April 7, 2014 while 

striking a heavy bag, he felt an uncomfortable pain in the back of his right shoulder blade. He

opined that it was more than likely the beginning of the diagnosed tear. Furthermore,

Dr. Kavanagh explained that, on the following day, April 8, 2014, while doing pull-ups, additional 

stress would have been placed on the right shoulder as well as the neck further causing damage to 

the tear and tendinitis that began from events from the previous day. He explained that performing 

the required pull-ups would have caused additional strain on the shoulder which was already 

damaged to a lesser extent from the previous day, and then would have caused greater damage, as

the shoulder was unable to absorb the stress of the pull-ups, and additional stress would have been 

placed on the cervical spine. 

The Board finds that although Dr. Kavanagh’s opinion is insufficiently rationalized to meet 

appellant’s burden of proof to establish causal relationship, it is of sufficient probative value to 

warrant additional development.13 Dr. Kavanagh provided discussion of the pathophysiologic 

mechanism whereby appellant’s specific employment events on April 7 and 8, 2014 would have 

caused the claimed conditions. He opined that the striking of a heavy bag on April 7, 2014 was 

more than likely the beginning of the diagnosed tear as the tendinitis or inflammation. 

Dr. Kavanagh explained that, while doing pull-ups on April 8, 2014, additional stress would have 

been placed on the right shoulder as well as the neck further causing damage to the tear and 

tendinitis that began from events from the previous day. He indicated that performing the pullups would cause additional strain on the shoulder which was already damaged to a lesser extent 

from the previous day, thus causing greater damage. Dr. Kavanagh further explained that 

 

11 K.H., Docket No. 19-0580 (issued August 23, 2019); I.J., 59 ECAB 408 (2008); Victor J. Woodhams, 41 ECAB 

345 (1989).

12 M.L., Docket No. 19-0813 (issued November 26, 2019); see B.R., Docket No. 17-0294 (issued May 11, 2018).

13 J.J., Docket No. 19-0789 (issued November 22, 2019); see also John J. Carlone, 41 ECAB 354 (1989); Horace 

Langhorne, 29 ECAB 280 (1978).
6

appellant’s right shoulder was damaged and unable to absorb the stress of the pull-ups and 

additional stress would have been placed on the cervical spine. 

Proceedings under FECA are not adversarial in nature nor is OWCP a disinterested arbiter. 

While the appellant has the burden of proof to establish entitlement to compensation, OWCP 

shares responsibility in the development of the evidence. It has the obligation to see that justice is 

done.14 

The case will therefore be remanded to OWCP for further development of the medical 

evidence on the issue of causal relationship, including the preparation of a statement of accepted 

facts which shall set forth all of appellant’s accepted employment duties and then make a referral 

to an appropriate medical specialist for consideration of the entire medical record. After this and 

other such further development as deemed necessary, it shall issue a de novo decision.

CONCLUSION

The Board finds that this case is not in posture for decision.

ORDER

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT the October 5, 2017 decision of the Office of 

Workers’ Compensation Programs is set aside and this case is remanded for further proceedings 

consistent with this decision of the Board. 

Issued: January 2, 2020

Washington, DC

Patricia H. Fitzgerald, Deputy Chief Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

Janice B. Askin, Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

Valerie D. Evans-Harrell, Alternate Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

 

14 J.J., id.; M.B., Docket No. 17-1999 (issued November 13, 2018).