United States Department of Labor

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

__________________________________________

R.M., Appellant

and

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY, 

INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, 

Fresno, CA, Employer

__________________________________________

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Docket No. 19-1406

Issued: February 11, 2020

Appearances: Case Submitted on the Record

Alan J. Shapiro, Esq., for the appellant1

Office of Solicitor, for the Director

DECISION AND ORDER

Before:

CHRISTOPHER J. GODFREY, Chief Judge

PATRICIA H. FITZGERALD, Deputy Chief Judge

JANICE B. ASKIN, Judge

JURISDICTION

On June 13, 2019 appellant, through counsel, filed a timely appeal from a February 12, 

2019 merit decision of the Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs (OWCP).2 Pursuant to the 

 

1

In all cases in which a representative has been authorized in a matter before the Board, no claim for a fee for legal 

or other service performed on appeal before the Board is valid unless approved by the Board. 20 C.F.R. § 501.9(e). 

No contract for a stipulated fee or on a contingent fee basis will be approved by the Board. Id. An attorney or 

representative’s collection of a fee without the Board’s approval may constitute a misdemeanor, subject to fine or 

imprisonment for up to one year or both. Id.; see also 18 U.S.C. § 292. Demands for payment of fees to a 

representative, prior to approval by the Board, may be reported to appropriate authorities for investigation.

2 The Board notes that following the February 12, 2019 decision, OWCP received additional evidence. However, 

the Board’s Rules of Procedure provides: “The Board’s review of a case is limited to the evidence in the case record 

that was before OWCP at the time of its final decision. Evidence not before OWCP will not be considered by the 

Board for the first time on appeal.” 20 C.F.R. § 501.2(c)(1). Thus, the Board is precluded from reviewing this 

additional evidence for the first time on appeal. Id. 
2

Federal Employees’ Compensation Act3(FECA) and 20 C.F.R. §§ 501.2(c) and 501.3, the Board 

has jurisdiction over the merits of this case. 

ISSUE

The issue is whether appellant has met her burden of proof to expand acceptance of her 

claim to include a degenerative cervical spine condition causally related to the accepted 

employment injury. 

FACTUAL HISTORY

On October 6, 2016 appellant, then a 51-year-old customer service representative, filed an 

occupational disease claim (Form CA-2) alleging that she sustained overuse syndrome of the upper 

extremity and arthritis in her fingers and thumbs causally related to factors of her federal 

employment. She noted that she first became aware of her condition and its relationship to her 

federal employment on January 1, 2007.4 OWCP assigned OWCP File No. xxxxxx608.

OWCP had previously accepted appellant’s January 11, 2000 occupational disease claim 

for bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome and cervical sprain, assigned OWCP File No. xxxxxx348,

which has been administratively combined with the present file. 

In a report dated October 12, 2016, Dr. Sanjay J. Chauhan, a Board-certified neurologist, 

evaluated appellant for swelling and pain in her hand joints and thumbs “due to her work activity 

at the [employing establishment] requiring repetitive use of [the] hands.” He noted that she was 

working light duty due to another employment injury, but continued to perform “a fair amount of 

keyboard work and computer[-]related work.” Dr. Chauhan diagnosed secondary osteoarthritis of 

the bilateral hands as a result of appellant’s overuse of her hands and wrists at work.

In a November 7, 2016 development letter, OWCP advised appellant of the deficiencies of 

her claim. It requested additional factual information, noting that the medical and factual evidence 

was similar to that in OWCP File No. xxxxxx348. OWCP afforded appellant 30 days to submit 

the necessary evidence.

Thereafter appellant submitted an October 26, 2016 e-mail message that indicated that she 

used a voice-activated program at work, but still needed to type due to software and computer 

issues. In a handwritten note, she advised that she had degenerative disc disease and cervical 

problems that had worsened with work and age. Appellant also experienced finger pain with 

extended typing.

 

3 5 U.S.C. § 8101 et seq.

4 The employing establishment indicated that appellant was last exposed to the employment factors identified as 

causing her condition on January 1, 2007. However, appellant subsequently clarified that she was attributing her 

condition to work duties that she had performed from 2001 to the present. 
3

By decision dated December 12, 2016, OWCP denied appellant’s occupational disease 

claim. It found that she had not submitted sufficient factual evidence to establish that the current 

claim differed from OWCP File No. xxxxxx348.

On January 9, 2017 appellant requested a telephonic hearing before a representative of 

OWCP’s Branch of Hearings and Review. 

Following a preliminary review, by decision dated May 31, 2017, OWCP’s hearing 

representative set aside the December 12, 2016 decision. She found that appellant had 

distinguished the current claim from her prior claim as she had identified the duties of her modified 

position beginning in 2001 as a cause of her condition, while the implicated employment factors 

in OWCP File No. xxxxxx348 were her regular work duties. The hearing representative accepted 

the occurrence of the described employment factors and found that the evidence from Dr. Chauhan 

was sufficient to warrant further development of the medical evidence. 

OWCP referred appellant to Dr. Mohinder Nijjar, a Board-certified orthopedic surgeon, for 

a second opinion examination. In a report dated October 18, 2017, Dr. Nijjar reviewed the history 

of injury, her current complaints of neck and bilateral hand pain, and the medical evidence of 

record, including the results of diagnostic studies. He diagnosed degenerative arthritis of the 

cervical spine at C4-5, C5-6, and C6-7 and degenerative arthritis of the bilateral hands and the 

distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint of the right index finger. Dr. Nijjar opined that appellant’s 

employment duties had not aggravated the preexisting cervical arthritis and bilateral hand and 

finger arthritis, noting that diagnostic studies showed a normal progression of her cervical 

condition and that her bilateral hand condition revealed degenerative changes consistent with age.

On November 17, 2017 OWCP requested that Dr. Chauhan review Dr. Nijjar’s report and 

advise whether he agreed or disagreed with his opinion. 

In a report dated November 18, 2017, Dr. Chauhan disagreed with Dr. Nijjar’s findings. 

He reviewed appellant’s employment duties, noting that after beginning modified employment in 

2001 she had worked with a keyboard and mouse. Dr. Chauhan opined that her light-duty 

employment had aggravated her osteoarthritis of the cervical spine and bilateral hand 

osteoarthritis.

By decision dated December 21, 2017, OWCP denied appellant’s occupational disease 

claim. It found that Dr. Nijjar’s opinion represented the weight of the evidence and established 

that she had not sustained cervical degenerative disc disease and hand and finger arthritis causally 

related to factors of her federal employment. 

On January 3, 2018 appellant, through counsel, requested a telephonic hearing before a 

representative of OWCP’s Branch of Hearings and Review. 

A telephonic hearing was held on June 12, 2018. Appellant described the duties of her 

modified employment from 2001 through the present. 

By decision dated August 6, 2018, OWCP’s hearing representative set aside the 

December 21, 2017 decision. She found that a conflict in medical opinion existed between
4

Dr. Chauhan and Dr. Nijjar and remanded the case for OWCP to refer appellant for an impartial 

medical examination.

On November 13, 2018 OWCP referred appellant to Dr. Kevin Hanley, a Board-certified 

orthopedic surgeon, for an impartial medical examination.5 

In a report dated December 22, 2018, Dr. Hanley discussed appellant’s complaints of 

cervical pain and pain in her arms and hands bilaterally. He reviewed the history of injury and the 

medical evidence of record, including the results of diagnostic testing. Dr. Hanley provided 

examination findings, including range of motion measurements for the cervical spine. He

diagnosed chronic cervical degenerative disc disease, degenerative osteoarthritis of the hands 

affecting multiple distal joints bilaterally, and chronic maladaptive pain syndrome. Dr. Hanley

opined that appellant’s “hand condition can be attributed to a permanent aggravation from her 

work activities....” Regarding her neck condition, he indicated that she had preexisting cervical 

disc disease and related:

“Again, this underlying problem has a natural progression and history to continue 

to degenerate with time; however, I think it is much more difficult to suggest that 

the simple activities of looking at a computer screen, turning towards the phone, or 

turning towards a keyboard would be enough to significantly accelerate her cervical 

condition. Her cervical condition has been quite bothersome for many years now, 

prompting her to have to take very extended breaks from her regular work duties, 

and I do not think that she would be any worse today from the cervical spine 

standpoint absent her work exposure.”

Thereafter, on January 10, 2019, OWCP received a report dated December 20, 2018 from

Dr. Chauhan, submitted in OWCP File No. xxxxxx348. Dr. Chauhan noted appellant’s current 

complaints of bilateral numbness, tingling, and arthritic changes of the hands, arthritic changes of 

the thumbs, neck pain, and bilateral shoulder pain. He reviewed the medical reports of record and 

her work history, noting that she had performed repetitive typing and computer work, and also 

engaged in extended neck flexion using a telephone. On examination, Dr. Chauhan found a loss 

of cervical lordosis and paracervical muscle spasms. Regarding the cervical spine, he diagnosed 

chronic strain, disc degeneration, and disc displacement. Dr. Chauhan opined that appellant had 

sustained cervical strain, stenosis, and cervical disc degeneration causally related to using her 

hands repetitively at work and “prolonged neck positioning due to her tasks....” 

On February 12, 2019 OWCP accepted appellant’s claim for a permanent aggravation of 

primary osteoarthritis of the hands bilaterally.

By separate decision dated February 12, 2019, OWCP denied appellant’s claim for a 

degenerative cervical condition causally related to factors of her federal employment. It found 

that Dr. Hanley’s opinion as the impartial medical examiner (IME) represented the special weight 

 

5 OWCP originally referred appellant to Dr. Ernest B. Miller, a Board-certified internist, for an impartial medical 

examination. It rescheduled the examination, however, as Dr. Miller used to work at the same location as Dr. Nijjar, 

who had provided a second opinion examination. 
5

of the evidence and established that her cervical condition was not caused or aggravated by her 

employment.

LEGAL PRECEDENT

When an employee claims that a condition not accepted or approved by OWCP was due to 

an employment injury, he or she bears the burden of proof to establish that the condition is causally 

related to the employment injury.6 

To establish causal relationship between the condition, as well as any attendant disability 

claimed and the employment event or incident, the employee must submit rationalized medical 

opinion evidence based on a complete factual and medical background, supporting such a causal 

relationship.7 The opinion of the physician must be based on a complete factual and medical 

background of the claimant, must be one of reasonable medical certainty and must be supported 

by medical rationale explaining the nature of the relationship between the diagnosed condition and 

the specific employment factors identified by the claimant.8 The weight of medical evidence is 

determined by its reliability, its probative value, its convincing quality, the care of analysis 

manifested, and the medical rationale expressed in support of the physician’s opinion.9

FECA provides that if there is disagreement between an OWCP-designated physician and 

the employee’s physician, OWCP shall appoint a third physician who shall make an examination.10 

For a conflict to arise the opposing physicians’ viewpoints must be of virtually equal weight and 

rationale.11 Where OWCP has referred the case to an IME to resolve a conflict in the medical 

evidence, the opinion of such a specialist, if sufficiently well reasoned and based upon a proper 

factual background, must be given special weight.12

It is well established that OWCP must review all evidence submitted by a claimant and 

received by OWCP prior to issuance of its final decision.13 As the Board’s decisions are final as 

to the subject matter appealed, it is crucial that all evidence relevant to the subject matter of the 

 

6 S.B., Docket No. 19-0634 (issued September 19, 2019).

7 T.K., Docket No. 18-1239 (issued May 29, 2019).

8 R.P., Docket No. 18-1591 (issued May 8, 2019).

9

Id.

10 5 U.S.C. § 8123(a); see 20 C.F.R. § 10.321; K.C., Docket No. 18-0378 (issued June 18, 2019).

11 Id.

12 J.H., Docket No. 19-0513 (issued September 24, 2019).

13 See Y.T., Docket No. 19-0234 (issued July 3, 2019); A.C., Docket No. 16-1670 (issued April 6, 2018); William A. 

Couch, 41 ECAB 548 (1990).
6

claim, which was properly submitted to OWCP prior to the time of issuance of its final decision, 

be addressed by OWCP.14

ANALYSIS

The Board finds that the case is not in posture for decision.

On January 10, 2019, prior to the issuance of OWCP’s February 12, 2019 decision, OWCP 

received a December 20, 2018 report from Dr. Chauhan in OWCP File No. xxxxxx348. 

Dr. Chauhan discussed appellant’s complaints of neck pain, bilateral should pain, numbness and 

tingling of the fingers, and arthritic changes of the bilateral hands and thumbs. He obtained a 

history of her experiencing cervical pain performing typing and computer work and working with 

a fixed neck position using the telephone and computer. Dr. Chauhan opined that appellant’s 

repetitive keyboarding and neck flexion with extended computer use had resulted in chronic 

cervical strain, cervical spinal stenosis, and cervical disc degeneration. 

OWCP’s regulations require it to consider all evidence submitted appropriately.15 OWCP 

did not consider Dr. Chauhan’s report submitted in OWCP File No. xxxxxx348. Accordingly, it 

did not review all evidence received prior to the issuance of its February 12, 2019 decision.

Since the Board’s jurisdiction of a case is limited to reviewing that evidence which was 

before OWCP at the time of its final decision,16 it is necessary that OWCP review all evidence 

submitted by a claimant and received by OWCP prior to issuance of its final decision.17 As Board 

decisions are final as to the subject matter appealed, it is crucial that all evidence relevant to that 

subject matter which was properly submitted prior to the time of issuance of its final decision be 

addressed by OWCP.18

OWCP failed to review the evidence received prior to the issuance of its February 12, 2019 

decision. The Board, therefore, must set aside the decision and remand the case to OWCP to fully 

consider the evidence which was properly submitted by appellant. Following this and any further 

development as deemed necessary, it shall issue a de novo decision.

CONCLUSION

The Board finds that the case is not in posture for decision.

 

14 Id.

15 20 C.F.R. § 10.119.

16 See id. at § 501.2(c)(1).

17 See L.T., Docket No. 19-0145 (issued June 3, 2019); William A. Couch, supra note 13.

18 See M.J., Docket No. 18-0605 (issued April 12, 2019).
7

ORDER

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT the February 12, 2019 decision of the Office of 

Workers’ Compensation Programs is set aside and the case is remanded for further proceedings 

consistent with this decision of the Board.

Issued: February 11, 2020

Washington, DC

Christopher J. Godfrey, Chief Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

Patricia H. Fitzgerald, Deputy Chief Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

Janice B. Askin, Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board