United States Department of Labor 

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board 

__________________________________________ 

W.W., Appellant 

and 

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, 

CITIZENSHIP & IMMIGRATION SERVICES, 

Lee’s Summit, MO, Employer 

__________________________________________ 

) 

) 

) 

) 

) 

) 

) 

) 

) 

Docket No. 15-1130 

Issued: August 7, 2015 

Appearances: Case Submitted on the Record

Daniel Goodkin, Esq., for the appellant 

Office of Solicitor, for the Director 

DECISION AND ORDER 

Before: 

PATRICIA H. FITZGERALD, Deputy Chief Judge 

COLLEEN DUFFY KIKO, Judge 

ALEC J. KOROMILAS, Alternate Judge 

JURISDICTION 

On April 27, 2015 appellant, through counsel, filed a timely appeal from a March 19, 

2015 merit decision of the Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs (OWCP). Pursuant to 

the Federal Employees’ Compensation Act1 (FECA) and 20 C.F.R. §§ 501.2(c) and 501.3, the 

Board has jurisdiction over the merits of this case. 

ISSUE 

The issue is whether appellant has met her burden of proof to establish an injury in the 

performance of duty on October 15, 2012. 

FACTUAL HISTORY 

On October 16, 2012 appellant, then a 50-year-old segment information security officer, 

filed a traumatic injury claim (Form CA-1) alleging that on October 15, 2012 she experienced 

 1

 5 U.S.C. § 8101 et seq. 
2

pain, numbness, and tingling in her left lower back, left hip, and left leg after standing up from 

her chair in the performance of duty. 

In an emergency department report dated October 16, 2012, Dr. James Hart, a Boardcertified osteopath, diagnosed appellant with sciatica. 

On October 17, 2012 appellant underwent surgery, including an L3-4 microdiscectomy, 

fluoroscopy, and microscopic techniques for removal of a herniated disc. Dr. Bradley A. Hiser2

diagnosed appellant with an acute herniated L3-4 left-sided disc with radiculopathy and 

neurologic deficit. He described the procedure and did not indicate any surgical complications. 

In a report of the same date, Dr. Hiser noted that appellant told him that she had an acute 

onset of pain on October 15, 2012 when she arose after bending under her desk to retrieve paper 

from a printer. Appellant stated that the pain started in her back and radiated down to the 

anterior portion of her left leg. Dr. Hiser noted that appellant had previously had back surgery of 

a right L3-4 and L4-5 discectomy. Appellant went home and awoke the next day with numbness 

in her left leg and opted to go to a medical facility. 

On October 22, 2012 Dr. Hiser recommended work restrictions for appellant of no 

twisting, no lifting over 10 pounds, and no bending further than to brush her teeth. 

In a record of a telephone conversation dated October 30, 2012, appellant’s supervisor 

told an OWCP representative that appellant did not have to bend down to take papers off her 

printer when seated, and that she could just reach over and pick them up. The desk was 

approximately 2.5 feet high while the printer was on a stand 8.5 inches high. The difference 

between the top of the desk and the top of the printer was approximately 10 inches. Appellant’s 

supervisor stated that appellant had mentioned her back being injured and hurting, and had 

complained regarding her back about two weeks prior to the date of injury. 

In a report dated November 30, 2012, Dr. Lisa Hermes, Board-certified in physical 

medicine and rehabilitation, noted that appellant underwent a left L3-4 discectomy on 

October 17, 2012 with Dr. Hiser. She was later readmitted for worsening low back pain and left 

leg weakness, and underwent a second surgical procedure in the form of an L3-4 fusion with 

cerebrospinal fluid leak repair on November 20, 2012. Dr. Hermes diagnosed appellant with a 

status post L3-4 transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) with an intraoperative cerebral 

spinal fluid leak repair; left L4 radiculopathy resulting in lower extremity weakness; 

postoperative pain; morbid obesity; and gait disturbance. 

In a diagnostic report dated November 29, 2012, Dr. Jessica Sanchez, a Board-certified 

radiologist, examined the results of x-rays of appellant’s lumbar spine. She noted postsurgical 

changes of a transpedicular rod and screw fixation of L3 and L4 with an interbody spacer. 

Dr. Sanchez further noted degenerative disc disease of L4-5 and L5-S1. 

On December 3, 2012 appellant claimed compensation for leave without pay from 

December 3, 2012 through January 11, 2013. In separate forms dated December 10, 2012 and 

 2

 Dr. Hiser’s certification in a medical specialty could not be confirmed with the American Board of Medical 

Specialties or the American Osteopathic Association. 
3

January 15, 2013, she also claimed compensation for leave without pay from January 14 through 

February 1, 2013. 

In an attending physician’s report dated December 19, 2012, Dr. Hiser diagnosed 

appellant with a herniated nucleus pulposis. He checked a box stating that he believed 

appellant’s condition was caused or aggravated by an employment activity, explaining that 

appellant reported her symptoms started during the workday after performing work-related 

activities. Dr. Hiser noted that appellant had not been advised to return to work, and stated that 

appellant had no known history of physical impairment. 

By letter dated December 21, 2012, OWCP notified appellant of the evidence needed to 

establish her claim. It stated that Dr. Hiser’s opinion on causal relationship was of reduced 

probative value because he did not provide a rationalized medical opinion discussing the 

relationship of her preexisting conditions to her current claimed injury. OWCP asked appellant 

to submit medical records relating to treatment of her back from February 28, 2008 through 

October 14, 2012, and afforded appellant 30 days to submit additional evidence. 

In a report dated December 11, 2012, Dr. Hiser stated, “Prior to the incident on 

October 15, 2012, [appellant] had known lumbar spondylitic disease and obesity with previous 

microdiscectomy for herniated disc and radicular symptoms that had resolved. Prior to the 

incident, [appellant] had minimal symptoms from her disease and was able to perform daily 

activities. During the incident, she bent over to pick a paper off of the printing machine and had 

the acute onset of radicular symptoms of pain and numbness of her left lower extremity which 

progressed to weakness. This history is suggestive of an acute herniation of nucleus pulposis 

which was verified by [magnetic resonance imaging]. There is a temporal association with the 

incident and was therefore the inciting cause of the herniated nucleus pulposis.” 

In a letter dated January 4, 2013, Dr. Michael G. Francis stated that appellant had not 

been treated for any back issues or treatments during the time period from February 28, 2008 

through October 14, 2012.3

 

On January 18, 2013 appellant stated that her injury of an acute L3-4 disc herniation 

occurred at work on October 15, 2012 when she bent and twisted down and to the left to reach 

under her work surface and obtain documents off her printer. 

By decision dated March 26, 2013, OWCP denied appellant’s claim for compensation. It 

noted that Dr. Hiser had stated that there was no history or evidence of a concurrent or 

preexisting injury in his attending physicians’ reports. OWCP stated that appellant had not 

advised her physician that she had preexisting conditions of her back, and therefore Dr. Hiser did 

not differentiate between these conditions and the symptoms allegedly caused by standing up at 

her desk. It further noted that there were inconsistencies between her description of how the 

injury occurred and other evidence in the case file, and that her condition could not have resulted 

from the claimed event. 

On November 21, 2013 appellant, through counsel, requested reconsideration of OWCP’s 

March 26, 2013 decision. Counsel argued that appellant had informed Dr. Hiser of her 

 3

 Dr. Francis’ certification in a medical specialty could not be confirmed with the American Board of Medical 

Specialties or the American Osteopathic Association. 
4

preexisting condition and that Dr. Hiser had opined that this condition had resolved prior to 

October 15, 2012. Additionally, he stated that OWCP acted improperly in stating that her injury 

could not have occurred as a result of the alleged work event. 

By decision dated March 17, 2014, OWCP evaluated appellant’s claim on the merits and 

denied modification of its March 26, 2013 decision. It noted that appellant’s physician had not 

addressed the mechanism of injury, but had attributed causal relationship to the employment due 

to a “temporal association.” OWCP further noted that appellant had, subsequent to the incident 

of October 15, 2012, suffered a larger herniation at L3-4 even though she was not working and 

was under restrictions, and that her physician had not provided a precipitating factor for the new 

herniation, which raised questions about whether her herniations were related to an underlying 

degenerative disorder rather than any specific work activity. 

On September 4, 2014 appellant, through counsel, requested reconsideration of OWCP’s 

March 17, 2014 decision. He quoted a medical report from Dr. Hiser dated July 11, 2014, but 

the report was not attached. 

By decision dated December 18, 2014, OWCP evaluated appellant’s claim on the merits 

and denied modification of its March 17, 2014 decision. It noted that appellant had not 

submitted the purported report of Dr. Hiser dated July 11, 2014. 

On December 23, 2014 appellant, through counsel, requested reconsideration of OWCP’s 

December 18, 2014 decision. He attached the July 11, 2014 report of Dr. Hiser. In this report, 

Dr. Hiser stated: 

“[Appellant] did have a previous history of lumbar disease treated by another 

physician. I will comment on the contributing factors for this patient as I have 

come to know her in treating her beginning in October 2012. Patient did have 

factors for contribution to lumbar dis[c] disease including morbid obesity, tobacco 

and nicotine use and the previously noted history of lumbar disease. Concerning 

the incident described when the patient had the onset of her symptoms after 

bending over to retrieve a paper from a printer on the floor, any movement that 

requires bending at the waist puts the lumbar spine at a mechanical disadvantage. 

This shifts the fulcrum of the weight to the lumbar spine and the paraspinal 

musculature versus being on the larger joints and muscles of the pelvis. This 

change of force in my medical opinion exacerbated her underlying pathology 

causing the dis[c] herniation.[...] Concerning the need for repeat surgery, there is 

a known 15 percent to 20 percent risk of repeat dis[c] herniation after any 

microdis[c]ectomy procedure. With the patient’s predisposing factors and history 

of multiple lumbar surgeries and collapse of the dis[c] space, it was deemed 

appropriate to proceed with a decompression and fusion to treat the patient’s 

symptoms and prevent recurrence of her symptoms at that time. Patient had 

motor weakness and it was felt that any further progression of disease or 

reherniation would leave her at a higher risk of unrecoverable neurologic injury.” 

By decision dated March 19, 2015, OWCP evaluated appellant’s claim on the merits and 

denied modification of its December 18, 2014 decision. It stated that Dr. Hiser’s opinion of 

July 11, 2014 was not supported by medical rationale containing an explanation of the nature of 

the relationship between her diagnosed condition and specific employment factors, and that it 
5

simply stated that she did have factors contributing to her lumbar disc disease. OWCP noted that 

he did not provide a detailed discussion of her preexisting back conditions or a discussion based 

on objective findings and including medical rationale as to how the work injury of October 15, 

2014 caused or aggravated her back condition, and as such it was of diminished probative value. 

LEGAL PRECEDENT 

An employee seeking benefits under FECA4 has the burden of establishing the essential 

elements of his or her claim, including the fact that: the individual is an employee of the United 

States within the meaning of FECA; that the claim was filed within the applicable time 

limitation; that an injury was sustained while in the performance of duty as alleged and that any 

disability and/or specific condition for which compensation is claimed are causally related to the 

employment injury.5 These are the essential elements of each and every compensation claim 

regardless of whether the claim is predicated on a traumatic injury or an occupational disease.6

To determine whether a federal employee has sustained a traumatic injury in the 

performance of duty it must first be determined whether a fact of injury has been established.7

 

First, the employee must submit sufficient evidence to establish that he or she actually 

experienced the employment incident at the time, place, and in the manner alleged.8 Second, the 

employee must submit sufficient evidence, generally only in the form of medical evidence, to 

establish that the employment incident caused a personal injury.9

The claimant has the burden of establishing by the weight of reliable, probative, and 

substantial evidence that the condition for which compensation is sought is causally related to a 

specific employment incident or to specific conditions of employment.10 An award of 

compensation may not be based on appellant’s belief of causal relationship. Neither the mere 

fact that a disease or condition manifests itself during a period of employment nor the belief that 

the disease or condition was caused or aggravated by employment factors or incidents is 

sufficient to establish a causal relationship.11

Causal relationship is a medical issue and the medical evidence generally required to 

establish causal relationship is rationalized medical opinion evidence.12 Rationalized medical 

 4

 5 U.S.C. § 8101 et seq. 

5 C.S., Docket No. 08-1585 (issued March 3, 2009); Bonnie A. Contreras, 57 ECAB 364, 366 (2006). 

6 S.P., 59 ECAB 184, 188 (2007); Joe D. Cameron, 41 ECAB 153, 157 (1989). 

7 B.F., Docket No. 09-60 (issued March 17, 2009); Bonnie A. Contreras, supra note 5. 

8 D.B., 58 ECAB 464, 466 (2007); David Apgar, 57 ECAB 137, 140 (2005). 

9 C.B., Docket No. 08-1583 (issued December 9, 2008); D.G., 59 ECAB 734, 737 (2008); Bonnie A. Contreras, 

supra note 5. 

10 Roma A. Mortenson-Kindschi, 57 ECAB 418, 428 n.37 (2006); Katherine J. Friday, 47 ECAB 591, 594 (1996). 

11 P.K., Docket No. 08-2551 (issued June 2, 2009); Dennis M. Mascarenas, 49 ECAB 215, 218 (1997). 

12 Y.J., Docket No. 08-1167 (issued October 7, 2008); A.D., 58 ECAB 149, 155-56 (2006); D’Wayne Avila, 57 

ECAB 642, 649 (2006). 
6

opinion evidence is medical evidence which includes a physician’s rationalized opinion on 

whether there is a causal relationship between the employee’s diagnosed condition and 

compensable employment factors.13 The opinion of the physician must be based on a complete 

factual and medical background of the employee, must be one of reasonable medical certainty, 

and must be supported by medical rationale explaining the nature of the relationship between the 

diagnosed condition and the specific employment factors identified by the employee.14

ANALYSIS 

The Board finds that this case is not in posture for decision. 

In its March 19, 2015 decision, OWCP found that appellant had not submitted sufficient 

evidence to establish a causal relationship between an incident of October 15, 2012 and her 

diagnosed back conditions. The Board finds that the medical evidence of record, while not 

sufficient to discharge appellant’s burden of proof, is sufficient to require further development. 

In a report of July 11, 2014, Dr. Hiser gave an overview of appellant’s history of 

preexisting conditions, described the October 15, 2012 incident and explained in biomechanical 

terms how it caused or aggravated her current condition, and explained the need for repeat 

surgery shortly thereafter. In a report dated December 11, 2012, he stated: 

“Prior to the incident on October 15, 2012, [appellant] had known lumbar 

spondylitic disease and obesity with previous microdiscectomy for herniated disc 

and radicular symptoms that had resolved. Prior to the incident, [appellant] had 

minimal symptoms from her disease and was able to perform daily activities. 

During the incident, she bent over to pick a paper off of the printing machine and 

had the acute onset of radicular symptoms of pain and numbness of her left lower 

extremity which progressed to weakness. This history is suggestive of an acute 

herniation of nucleus pulposis which was verified by [magnetic resonance 

imaging].” 

Dr. Hiser explained that physiologically any movement that required bending at the waist placed 

the lumbar spine at a mechanical disadvantage, as this shifted the fulcrum of the weight to the 

lumbar spine and the paraspinal musculature rather than on the larger joints and muscles of the 

pelvis. He concluded that it was this change of force that exacerbated appellant’s underlying 

pathology causing the disc herniation. 

Proceedings under FECA are not adversarial in nature, nor is OWCP a disinterested 

arbiter. While the claimant has the burden to establish entitlement to compensation, OWCP 

shares responsibility in the development of the evidence. It has the obligation to see that justice 

is done.15 While none of the reports of appellant’s physicians were completely rationalized, they 

are consistent in indicating that appellant sustained employment-related injuries on October 15, 

2012 and are not contradicted by any medical evidence of record. Therefore, while the reports 

 13 J.J., Docket No. 09-27 (issued February 10, 2009); Michael S. Mina, 57 ECAB 379, 384 (2006). 

14 I.J., 59 ECAB 408, 415 (2008); Victor J. Woodhams, 41 ECAB 345, 352 (1989). 

15 L.C., Docket No. 12-941 (issued October 1, 2012); Russell F. Polhemus, 32 ECAB 1066 (1981). 
7

are not sufficient to meet appellant’s burden of proof to establish her claim, they raise an 

uncontroverted inference between appellant’s claimed conditions and the employment incident 

of October 15, 2015, and are sufficient to require OWCP to further develop the medical 

evidence.16

On remand, OWCP should refer appellant, the case record and a statement of accepted 

facts to an appropriate specialist for an evaluation and a rationalized medical opinion regarding 

her condition and possible aggravation of preexisting conditions due to the incident of 

October 15, 2015. After such further development of the case record as OWCP deems 

necessary, a de novo decision shall be issued. 

CONCLUSION 

The Board finds that this case is not in posture for decision. 

ORDER 

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT the March 19, 2015 decision of the Office of 

Workers’ Compensation Programs is set aside and the case remanded for further action 

consistent with this opinion. 

Issued: August 7, 2015 

Washington, DC 

 

 Patricia H. Fitzgerald, Deputy Chief Judge 

 Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board 

 

 Colleen Duffy Kiko, Judge 

 Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board 

 

 Alec J. Koromilas, Alternate Judge 

 Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board 

 16 Richard E. Simpson, 55 ECAB 490, 500 (2004); John J. Carlone, 41 ECAB 354, 360 (1989).