Fourth Court of Appeals

San Antonio, Texas

MEMORANDUM OPINION

No. 04-17-00582-CV

IN THE INTEREST OF R.F., JR.

From the 218th Judicial District Court, Frio County, Texas

Trial Court No. 15-07-00262CVFA

Honorable Melissa Uram-Degerolami, Judge Presiding

Opinion by: Luz Elena D. Chapa, Justice

Sitting: Karen Angelini, Justice

Marialyn Barnard, Justice

Luz Elena D. Chapa, Justice

Delivered and Filed: March 14, 2018

AFFIRMED

Raul,1 the biological father of R.F., Jr. (born in 2009), appeals the trial court’s order 

appointing R.F., Jr.’s foster father as the child’s managing conservator and appointing Raul as a 

possessory conservator. Raul argues the trial court lost jurisdiction over the case when it failed to 

timely commence the trial on the merits and that the trial court abused its discretion by failing to 

appoint him as a managing conservator. We affirm the trial court’s judgment. 

BACKGROUND

In 2015, the Department of Family and Protective Services filed an original petition for 

conservatorship of R.F., Jr. and to terminate Raul’s parental rights. Under the trial court’s July 2, 

 1 To protect the identity of minor children in an appeal from an order terminating parental rights, parents are referred 

to by their first names and children are referred to by their initials. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 109.002(d) (West 

2014); TEX. R. APP. P. 9.8(b)(2).
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2015 order, the Department removed R.F., Jr. based on sworn allegations that his mother was 

incarcerated and his maternal aunt brought him and his siblings to the Department’s office in 

Pearsall, Texas, where his aunt stated she could not financially support the children.2 R.F., Jr. and 

his siblings were placed with a foster father. 

The case proceeded to a bench trial. Department caseworker Rosa Garcia, licensed 

professional counselor Erin Hernandez, and Raul testified. The trial court also admitted a social 

study and psychological evaluation of Raul, as well as Raul’s family service plan. After the trial 

on the merits, the trial court signed a final order appointing R.F., Jr.’s foster father as managing 

conservator and Raul as possessory conservator. Raul timely appealed. 

FAILURE TO TIMELY COMMENCE TRIAL

Raul argues the trial court lost jurisdiction over this case under section 263.401 of the Texas 

Family Code because the trial court failed to timely commence the trial on the merits. Generally, 

section 263.401 requires a trial court to commence trial in a suit affecting the parent-child 

relationship within a year of the date the trial court rendered a temporary order appointing the 

department as a child’s temporary managing conservator. See TEX. FAM. CODE. ANN. § 263.401(a) 

(West Supp. 2017). However, a trial court may retain such a suit on its docket without commencing 

trial within one year if “the court finds that extraordinary circumstances necessitate the child 

remaining in the temporary managing conservatorship of the department and that continuing the 

appointment of the department as temporary managing conservator is in the best interest of the 

child.” Id. § 263.401(a), (b); In re D.M., 244 S.W.3d 397, 415 (Tex. App.—Waco 2007, no pet.).

 2 The Department also sought relief regarding R.F., Jr.’s siblings, but the trial court severed the claims regarding the 

other children into a separate suit. Also, the trial court terminated the parental rights of R.F., Jr.’s mother in August

2016. 
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The trial court rendered a temporary order appointing the Department as R.F., Jr.’s 

temporary managing conservator on July 2, 2015. On June 24, 2016, the trial court signed an order 

under section 263.401(b) that retained the suit on its docket and set December 31, 2016, as the new 

dismissal date. Although Raul asserts the trial did not commence until April 28, 2017, the record 

shows the trial commenced on December 19, 2016. On December 19, 2016, the trial court asked 

if the parties were ready to proceed to trial. Raul announced not ready and stated he was filing a 

motion for continuance and, alternatively, moved to dismiss the suit under section 263.401. The 

trial court denied Raul’s motion for continuance and alternative motion to dismiss and proceeded 

to trial. Raul did not further object. The Department called its first witness, Rosa Garcia, who 

provided brief testimony before the trial court recessed. The trial resumed on April 28, 2017. The 

record establishes the trial court timely commenced the trial on the merits under section 

263.401(a). We therefore cannot say the trial court lost jurisdiction of the case under section 

263.401 of the Texas Family Code by failing to timely commence the trial. 

APPOINTING A NON-PARENT AS R.F., JR.’S MANAGING CONSERVATOR

Raul argues the trial court erred under Texas Family Code section 153.004 by appointing 

a non-parent, R.F., Jr.’s foster father, as managing conservator, and by not appointing Raul as 

managing conservator. Section 153.131 of the Texas Family Code provides: 

(a) Subject to the prohibition in Section 153.004, unless the court finds that 

appointment of the parent or parents would not be in the best interest of the child 

because the appointment would significantly impair the child’s physical health or 

emotional development, a parent shall be appointed sole managing conservator or 

both parents shall be appointed as joint managing conservators of the child.

(b) It is a rebuttable presumption that the appointment of the parents of a 

child as joint managing conservators is in the best interest of the child. A finding 

of a history of family violence involving the parents of a child removes the 

presumption under this subsection.
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TEX. FAM. CODE. ANN. § 153.131(a) (West 2014).

3 Here, the trial court found appointment of R.F., 

Jr.’s parents would not be in his best interest because the appointment would significantly impair 

his physical health or emotional development. Raul contends there is insufficient evidence to 

support this finding. 

“[A] finding that appointment of a parent as managing conservator would significantly 

impair the child’s physical health or emotional development is governed by a preponderance-ofthe-evidence standard.” In re J.A.J., 243 S.W.3d 611, 616 (Tex. 2007). “Conservatorship 

determinations, in contrast [to findings made in support of terminating parental rights], are subject 

to review only for abuse of discretion, and may be reversed only if the decision is arbitrary and 

unreasonable.” Id. 

Section 153.131 of the Texas Family Code “requires the nonparent to offer evidence of 

specific actions or omissions of the parent that demonstrate an award of custody to the parent 

would result in physical or emotional harm to the child.” Lewelling v. Lewelling, 796 S.W.2d 164, 

167 (Tex. 1990); see Thomas v. Thomas, 852 S.W.2d 31, 36 (Tex. App.—Waco 1993, no writ). 

Such specific, identifiable behavior or conduct of a parent may include abandonment of a child, a 

failure to support the child, and failure to remove a child from an unstable environment. In re 

C.R.T., 61 S.W.3d 62, 67 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 2001, pet. denied) (abandonment and failure to 

support; May v. May, 829 S.W.2d 373, 377 n.2 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 1992, writ denied)

(abandonment and failure to remove from an unstable environment).

In Thomas v. Thomas, the court of appeals held a trial court did not abuse its discretion by 

failing to appoint the child’s father as a managing conservator. 852 S.W.2d at 36. For three and a 

half years, the father in Thomas had no contact with the child; failed to support the child; and left 

 3 Section 153.004 prohibits a trial court from appointing a parent as a child’s managing conservator if credible evidence 

shows history or pattern of certain abuse, neglect, or family violence. See id. § 153.004(b), (d).
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the child with her mother, who had given custody of the child to another adult and who the father 

suspected would have used child support for buying drugs and alcohol. Id. at 35-36. Although a 

court-appointed investigator who performed a social study of the parties recommended that the 

father be named managing conservator, found nothing to disqualify him, and felt that he could 

provide the child with the most stable home, the court of appeals concluded the father’s conduct

was sufficient to support the court’s finding of significant impairment to the child’s emotional

development or physical health. Id. Although the trial court in Thomas made findings that the 

father had a history of crime, drug and alcohol abuse, and dishonesty with the child, the court of 

appeals’ analysis focused on the father’s admission that the mother was unable to care for the child 

alone, and knowing about the mother’s drug and alcohol abuse, the father “did not intervene for 

over three years and provided no support.” Id. at 36. The court reasoned that “allowing a child to 

remain in an unstable environment is the type of conduct that can significantly impair emotional 

development.” Id.

In In re Hidalgo, the court of appeals affirmed a trial court’s order appointing a non-parent 

as a managing conservator when the mother “separated from” the child at birth and had no contact 

with the child for several years. 938 S.W.2d 492, 497 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 1996, no writ). The 

mother in In re Hidalgo saw the child only twice before seeking custody. Id. However, the child 

“had never received letters, cards, gifts, clothing, telephone calls, or any other communication” 

from the mother. Id. The mother also did not take full advantage of her opportunities to spend time 

with the child, told the child her father was abusive and wanted to abort the child, and once held 

the child against her will against the terms of the court-ordered visitation. Id. A family therapist 

testified in In re Hidalgo that the child became increasingly nervous and emotional because of 

stress factors caused by the mother. Id. The court of appeals in In re Hidalgo held this evidence 
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supported the trial court’s conclusion that the appointment of the mother as sole managing 

conservator “would significantly impair the emotional development of the child.” Id. 

Here, the evidence showed that Raul repeatedly allowed R.F., Jr.’s mother to take R.F., Jr. 

from Mexico to the United States, and that Raul knew she had used or sold drugs and, for support, 

relied on family members who used drugs. Caseworker Garcia stated Raul told her:

that when [the mother] was in Mexico with the kids, he tried. He was wanting to 

keep the kids and let [the mother] come back to the United States, but he didn’t 

want to be involved with going through court and having -- being in trouble with 

the Mexican police and the D [sic], so he just let me -- he knew that -- he stated he 

knew that [the mother] was not in a good role, in a good path in her life, so he just 

ended up letting her take the kids back to the United States.

According to Garcia, Raul indicated he meant “that he knew [the mother] was using drugs.” Garcia 

further testified that R.F., Jr.’s mother was in jail in the United States while this case was pending. 

The social study for Raul noted R.F., Jr.’s mother went from Mexico to the United States 

several times in 2011, and the last time she left with R.F., Jr., Raul “told her not to return.” R.F., 

Jr.’s mother took R.F., Jr. back to Mexico in 2014 for three months to avoid “legal problems 

possibly having to do with selling drugs, in which she involved [Raul] too,” and despite knowing 

this, Raul allowed the mother to return to the United States with R.F., Jr. 

Raul testified he did not know R.F., Jr.’s mother was a drug user, but knew her family 

members used drugs and her family members were her support system in the United States. Raul 

also stated he did not make any attempts in Mexico or in the United States to regain custody of 

R.F., Jr. because he did not “have the documents” to come to the United States, and he thought 

R.F., Jr. would have a better life in the United States. 

The evidence also showed Raul had no contact with R.F., Jr. and provided no financial or 

emotional support for approximately three years. Raul testified he did not have contact with R.F., 
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Jr. for approximately three years. He also stated when he called R.F., Jr.’s mother, she would not 

put R.F., Jr. on the phone to talk with Raul. 

Garcia testified Raul was living in Mexico, and after R.F., Jr.’s mother returned to the 

United States, Raul did not attempt to find R.F., Jr., call him, or send him letters, birthday cards, 

or gifts for three years. She also testified R.F., Jr. expressed his desire to stay with his foster father 

and to be adopted by him. 

Counselor Hernandez testified R.F., Jr. did “not have a recollection of who [Raul] is,” and 

insists that his foster father “is his dad.” She further explained that R.F., Jr. and his foster father 

are bonded, and R.F., Jr. talks about his foster father “[e]very chance he gets.” Hernandez 

explained R.F., Jr. shares stories about his foster father, “things they did, conversations they had, 

and places they had traveled to,” and R.F., Jr. makes drawings for his foster father and writes the 

words “I love you.” According to Hernandez, R.F., Jr. has a defiant side, “so it is common for him 

to soil when things are not to his liking.” Hernandez testified that when she asked R.F., Jr. about 

Raul and showed him pictures of Raul, R.F., Jr. “shut down,” suffered setbacks, and appeared 

withdrawn and depressed. She also stated it was foreseeable that if R.F., Jr. were placed with Raul 

in Mexico, R.F., Jr. would struggle, experience further behavioral setbacks (including an increase 

in soiling accidents, crying episodes, and tantrums), and have a “very difficult time.” Hernandez 

further explained that R.F., Jr. and his siblings have had only one consistent factor in their lives: 

each other. Based on R.F., Jr.’s failure to recognize Raul, she recommended revisiting therapy and 

future contact with Raul “down the road preferably when [R.F., Jr.] is able to process and 

understand a bit better.” 

The evidence shows Raul failed to maintain contact with R.F., Jr. and failed to financially 

and emotionally support him for three years, and failed to remove him from an unstable 

environment in which R.F., Jr.’s mother was fleeing from incarceration and either used or sold 
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drugs. Consequently, R.F., Jr. was removed from his mother and placed with a foster father, who 

R.F., Jr. now considers his dad, and R.F., Jr. failed to recognize Raul. There is also evidence 

showing that if Raul was appointed a managing conservator, he would move R.F., Jr. back to 

Mexico away from his siblings and foster father, which would significantly impair R.F., Jr.’s 

emotional development. Although it was undisputed that Raul had stable employment, could 

provide a stable home, and had no history of crime, abuse, or domestic violence, the evidence 

supports the trial court’s finding that appointing Raul as a managing conservator would

significantly impair R.F., Jr.’s physical health or emotional development. See Lewelling, 796 

S.W.2d at 168; In re C.R.T., 61 S.W.3d at 67; In re Hidalgo, 938 S.W.2d at 497; Thomas, 852 

S.W.2d at 35-36. We therefore cannot say the trial court’s conservatorship determinations were 

arbitrary, unreasonable, or an abuse of discretion. 

CONCLUSION

We affirm the trial court’s judgment. 

Luz Elena D. Chapa, Justice