Opinion filed July 3, 2014



### In The 

# Eleventh Court of Appeals

__________ __ 

### No. 11

- 13

- 00143

- CV

__________ __ 

### JESSE PANDO , Appellant V. AD A ELIA QUINONEZ AND MINOR DAUGHTER , S.Q. , Appellee s

On Appeal from the 161st District Court Ector County, Texas Court Cause No. B

- 134,569

M E M O R A N D U M O P I N I O N Jesse Pando appeals a nonappearance default judgment entered against him
for $25,000 in damages in favor of Adaelia Quinonez and her minor daughter, S.Q. , for their tort claims against Appellant. We affirm the trial court’s judgment

. I. Background Appellees
, Ad a elia Quinonez and her minor daughter
, S.Q., filed the underlying action on November 30, 2012. In their petition, Appellees alleged2 claims of assault, offensive physical contact, threat of bodily injury, intentional infliction of emotional distress, and fraud that arose out of an incident at a church

. Appellant did not answer the lawsuit or appear. O n January 17, 2013, the trial court heard Appellees’ request for a default judgment. On February 1, 2013, the trial court entered a default judgment against Appellant in the amount of $25,000 pl us 5% interest and required Appellant to pay all court costs. Appellant then moved for a new trial

. After hearing evidence on the matter,

t he trial court denied the motion

. This appeal followed.
II. Issues Presented In three issues on appeal, Appellant argues tha t the trial court erred when it (1) refused to allow him the opportunity to present evidence, (2) allowed Appellees’ counsel to misrepresent a letter of resignation he wrote concerning another case, and (3) objected to crucial evidence in this case.
III. Standard of Review
A trial court’s denial of a motion for new trial is reviewed for an abuse of
discretion. In re R.R ., 209 S.W.3d 112, 114 (Tex. 2006). A trial court abuses its
discretion when it acts without refer ence to any guiding rules or principles. Downer v. Aquamarine Operators, Inc. , 701 S.W.2d 238, 241

– 42 (Tex. 1985).
IV. Analysis
We hold that Appellant has waived his complaints on appeal due to inadequate briefing. Appellant’s brief fails to conform to several requirements in Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 38.1 : the brief fails to identify the involved parties, contains no table of contents or index of authorities , and makes no citation
to the record

. See T EX

. R. A PP

. P

. 38.1(a)

– (d), (g)

– (i ); Hernandez v. Hernandez
, 318 S.W.3d 464, 466 (Tex. App

. — El Paso 2010, no pet

. ) (finding that
, when appellate issues lack citation to the record, nothing is presented for review).3 Although Appellant provides , in his brief, the relevant factors us ed to
det ermine if a motion for new trial was properly denied
, his issues do not correspond to these factors
, and much of his argument consists of unsupported
assertions

. See San Saba Energy, L.P. v. Crawford , 171 S.W.3d 323, 338 (Tex. App.

— Houston [14th Dist.] 2005, no pet.) (holding that parties asserting error on appeal must put forth specific argument and analysis showing the record and the law supports their contentions) ; Franklin v. Enserch, Inc. , 961 S.W.2d 704, 711 (Tex. App.

— Amarillo 1998, no pet.) (hold ing that presenting attenuated unsupported arg ument waives complaint ) . T he fact that Appellant is a pro se litigant does not exempt him from the rules of appellate procedure. See Wheeler v.
Green , 157 S.W.3d 439, 444 (Tex. 2005). We hold that Appellant’s claims have been waived due to insufficient briefing

. Even if we assumed , without deciding, that Appellant’ s claims have not been waived, he has failed to show that the trial court erred when it refused to grant his
motion for new t rial. A default judgment should be set aside and a new trial granted if (1) the failure to answer was not intentional or the result of conscious indifference but was due to a mistake or accident, (2) the defendant sets up a meritorious defense, and (3) the motio n is filed when granting a new trial would not result in delay or otherwise injure the plaintiff. See Craddock v. Sunshine Bus Lines, Inc. , 133 S.W.2d 124, 126 ( Tex. 1939). A court must grant a defendant’s
motion for new trial only if all three Craddock factors are satisfied. Dir., State Emp s

. Workers’ Comp. Div. v. Evans , 889 S.W.2d 266, 268 (Tex. 1994).
When de termining whether the defendant’ s failure to file an answer was intentional or due to conscious indifference, a court looks to the knowledge and
acts of the defendant. Id. at 269. Not understanding a citation and then doing nothing following service of process does not constitute a mistake of law sufficient4 to meet the Craddock requirements. Butler v. Dal Tex Mach. & Tool Co

. , 627
S.W.2d 258, 260 (Tex. App.

— Fort Worth 1982, no writ). At the hearing on his motion for new trial, Appellant acknowledged he was served with process of several legal documents in this case, incl uding the original petition

. Although Appellant claimed that he did not respond to the petition because he thought that the document meant he was being sued in cause number
A

- 133, 375
, Appellant admitted that he read the petition and realized that it had a

ca u se number other than A

- 133, 375. 1
Based on the evidence above
, we find that the trial court could have
reasonab ly concluded that the cause of A ppellant ’ s failure to answer was not mistake or accident, but was his own neglect and conscious indifference. See
Butler , 627 S.W.2d at 260. Because Appellant has failed to establish the first requirement under Craddock , w e need not discuss whether he met the other two factors . See Freeman v. Pevehouse , 79 S.W.3d 637, 648 (Tex. App.

— Waco 2002, no pet.) (holding that
, because appellant failed t o satisfy the first element of the
Craddock test, the trial court did not err when it denied his motion for new trial).
We hold that the trial court did not abuse its discretion when it denied Appellant’s motion for new trial. Appellant’s three issues are overruled.
V. This Court’s Ruling
We affirm the judgment of the trial court

.

July 3, 2014 MIKE WILLSON
Panel consists of: W right , C.J., JUSTICE W illson , J., and B ailey , J.

1 Cause number A

- 133, 375 , titled Iglesia Fundamento Sobre la Roca v. Arturo Salinas
, was heard before the 70th District Court in Ector County . According to Appellant, the parties involved in this case were also involved in cause number A

- 133, 375

.