United States Department of Labor

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

__________________________________________

T.R., Appellant

and

U.S. POSTAL SERVICE, FORT POINT 

STATION, Boston, MA, Employer

__________________________________________

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Docket No. 17-1486

Issued: June 18, 2018

Appearances: Case Submitted on the Record

Benjamin R. Zimmermann, Esq., for the appellant1

Office of Solicitor, for the Director

DECISION AND ORDER

Before:

CHRISTOPHER J. GODFREY, Chief Judge

PATRICIA H. FITZGERALD, Deputy Chief Judge

VALERIE D. EVANS-HARRELL, Alternate Judge

JURISDICTION

On June 20, 2017 appellant, through counsel, filed a timely appeal from a June 8, 2017 

merit decision of the Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs (OWCP). Pursuant to the 

Federal Employees’ Compensation Act2(FECA) and 20 C.F.R. §§ 501.2(c) and 501.3, the Board 

has jurisdiction over the merits of this case.3

 

1

In all cases in which a representative has been authorized in a matter before the Board, no claim for a fee for legal 

or other service performed on appeal before the Board is valid unless approved by the Board. 20 C.F.R. § 501.9(e). 

No contract for a stipulated fee or on a contingent fee basis will be approved by the Board. Id. An attorney or 

representative’s collection of a fee without the Board’s approval may constitute a misdemeanor, subject to fine or 

imprisonment for up to one year or both. Id.; see also 18 U.S.C. § 292. Demands for payment of fees to a 

representative, prior to approval by the Board, may be reported to appropriate authorities for investigation.

2 5 U.S.C. § 8101 et seq.

3 Appellant, through counsel, timely requested an oral argument before the Board pursuant to section 501.5(b) of 

the Board’s Rules of Procedure, 20 C.F.R. § 501.5(b). After exercising its discretion, by order dated November 17 

2017, the Board denied the request for oral argument as the appeal could proceed to a decision based on the case 

record. Order Denying Request for Oral Argument, Docket No. 17-1486 (issued November 17, 2017).
2

ISSUE

The issue is whether appellant has met his burden of proof to establish a bilateral knee 

condition causally related to factors of his federal employment.

On appeal counsel contends that OWCP committed error in denying appellant’s claim. He 

notes that the only medical evidence of record was uncontroverted and supported acceptance of 

the claim. Counsel further contends that OWCP’s hearing representative and claims examiners 

supplanted the uncontroverted medical evidence with their own lay opinions. 

FACTUAL HISTORY

On August 18, 2015 appellant, then a 66-year-old letter carrier, filed an occupational 

disease claim (Form CA-2) alleging bilateral knee arthritis. He alleged that he first became aware 

of his injury and its relationship to factors of his federal employment on June 5, 2015. In an 

accompanying employee statement dated April 22, 2015, appellant claimed that there was no 

particular time or date that his knees began to bother him. He related that during the winter of 

2014 he had trouble putting on his socks. Appellant had an appointment with Dr. William Schmitt, 

a Board-certified internist, and had an x-ray taken on December 11, 2014. The x-ray revealed 

osteoarthritis in both knees. Dr. Schmitt referred appellant to Dr. Andrew A. Freiberg, a Boardcertified orthopedic surgeon, who examined him on February 5, 2015, reviewed x-rays, and 

confirmed that appellant had advanced osteoarthritis in both knees. Appellant noted being a letter 

carrier since February 1984. He attributed his knee condition to his work duties, which included 

standing and sorting mail for about three hours, a process that included lifting heavy tubs and 

pivoting and twisting in a congested area.4 Appellant also attributed his condition to walking many 

miles a day, noting that the hardest part of his job was walking to all destinations with a heavy 

satchel. He provided a history of his employment at the employing establishment. Appellant

related that he had not suffered a similar condition.5

OWCP received a patient note dated December 11, 2014 from Dr. Schmitt in which he 

reported appellant’s bilateral knee symptoms, a history of his medical, family, and social 

background, and examination findings. Appellant’s problems included osteoarthritis in both 

knees. Dr. Schmitt related that appellant was still very functional, but his condition was getting 

worse. In a letter also dated December 11, 2014, he informed appellant that test results revealed 

severe right and left knee medial compartment predominant tricompartmental osteoarthritis. On 

February 26, 2015 Dr. Schmitt noted laboratory test results.

 

4 The record does not contain a report from Dr. Freiberg on or about February 5, 2015.

5 The case record in the instant claim indicates that, prior to his filing of a claim for an occupational disease, 

appellant had submitted medical records dated May 6, 1987 through June 17, 1992, which indicated that he sustained 

internal derangement, strain, chondritis, early osteoarthritis, torn meniscus of the right knee and addressed his medical 

treatment, including arthroscopic surgery, and work capacity. Appellant has another claim, OWCP File No. 

xxxxxx424, for a May 1, 1987 employment injury. OWCP accepted this claim for right knee strain. The Board notes 

that OWCP combined OWCP File No. xxxxxx424 with the current claim, OWCP File No. xxxxxx039. OWCP File 

No. xxxxxx424 serves as the master file.
3

OWCP also received a December 11, 2014 bilateral knee x-ray report from Dr. Ambrose J. 

Huang, a Board-certified radiologist. He provided an impression of severe right and left knee 

medial compartment predominant tricompartmental osteoarthritis.

In a July 11, 2015 report, Dr. Byron V. Hartunian, an attending orthopedic surgeon, 

reviewed appellant’s medical records, described his work duties, and noted a history of his bilateral 

knee symptoms. He discussed findings on examination and reviewed x-ray results. Dr. Hartunian 

diagnosed primary right knee joint arthritis with no cartilage interval at the medial femoral-tibial 

joint. He also diagnosed primary left knee joint arthritis with two-millimeters (mm) of cartilage 

interval at the medial femoral tibial joint. Dr. Hartunian found that appellant had reached 

maximum medical improvement (MMI) for both his knees on February 5, 2015, the date of

Dr. Freiberg’s examination. He noted that Dr. Freiberg opined that appellant was a total knee 

replacement candidate, which indicated that his arthritic condition had stabilized at that time.

Dr. Hartunian noted that arthritis was a failure and loss of articular cartilage surface. “It is the 

impact loading resulting from repeated local stresses that accelerated the progression of arthritis 

through a process of chronic inflammation.” He indicated that appellant’s job required constant 

and repetitive walking, squatting, stooping, climbing, bending, lifting, carrying, stair climbing, and 

twisting activities. These impact loading activities exerted repeated local stresses to appellant’s

legs resulting in chronic inflammation. The inflammation caused a loss of proteoglycans which 

were responsible for cartilage resilience and this loss resulted in a stiffer material that was more 

easily damaged by wear and tear. Regarding the effect of high-impact loading activities and 

repeated local stresses, Dr. Hartunian noted that research showed that ascending stairs loaded on 

the lower extremity joints approximately three times body weight and that descending stairs loaded

on the lower extremity joints approximately six times body weight. He referenced medical studies 

as support for the contribution of high-impact loading activities to the development and 

progression of leg arthritis which he asserted supported that appellant’s job duties “included the 

offending activities cited in these studies as causative contributing factors to the development and 

progression of lower extremity arthritis.” Dr. Hartunian advised that, objective support for the 

causal relationship was provided in his medical records which showed that during the time that 

appellant was engaged in high-impact loading activities, his arthritis progressed substantially. 

Dr. Hartunian indicated that research had established the causal link between high-impact loading 

activities and lower extremity arthritis. He referenced additional current medical literature and 

contended that osteoarthritis was no longer a disease that had a natural progression or ordinary 

course which was consistent with the hypothesis that specific ergonomic stresses such as, knee 

bending, kneeling, and squatting may constitute long-term stresses leading to osteoarthritis. 

Dr. Hartunian cited additional medical literature that indicated that osteoarthritis was not simply a 

process of aging cartilage, which was also consistent with the same hypothesis that specific 

ergonomic stresses such as, knee bending, kneeling, and squatting may constitute long-term 

stresses leading to osteoarthritis.

OWCP also received a position description for a letter carrier as well as a February 5, 2015 

treatment note from a nurse practitioner. 

In an October 5, 2015 letter, OWCP advised appellant of the deficiencies of his claim and 

afforded him 30 days to submit additional evidence. 
4

On November 15, 2015 appellant responded to OWCP’s letter. He acknowledged that he 

had left knee arthroscopic surgery in 1985 and right knee arthroscopic surgery in 1987 due to pain 

and an inability to walk. Appellant maintained that his activities outside of work were going to 

the gym a few times a week where he used machines to work out his upper body. He submitted

medical records dated May 4, 1987 through July 9, 1992 which addressed his bilateral knee 

conditions, medical treatment including his 1985 and 1987 arthroscopic knee surgeries, and work 

capacity. OWCP received a December 9, 2015 duty status report (Form CA-17) with an unknown 

signature. 

By decision dated January 14, 2016, OWCP denied appellant’s occupational disease claim. 

It found that Dr. Hartunian did not provide a rationalized medical opinion sufficient to establish 

causal relationship. OWCP further found that appellant failed to submit operative reports 

regarding his bilateral knee condition. 

On February 19, 2016 appellant, through counsel, requested an oral hearing before an 

OWCP hearing representative. In a June 9, 2016 memorandum, counsel requested that the Branch 

of Hearings and Review reverse the January 14, 2016 denial decision as the application of the 

proper legal standards to the facts of the case required acceptance of the claim. He further 

contended that OWCP’s reasons for the denial of the claim were not legally or medically valid and 

they had been addressed with the submission of new evidence.

Counsel submitted a June 14, 2016 report from Dr. Hartunian disagreeing with OWCP’s 

January 14, 2016 decision. He asserted that it was inaccurate to talk about “underlying arthritis”

versus work factors as contributors to arthritis. However, assuming that appellant had “underlying 

arthritis,” his daily work duties, which included walking, standing, going up and down stairs, 

bending, stooping, and carrying, contributed to the development, acceleration, and aggravation of 

his condition. Dr. Hartunian indicated that, if appellant did not have such duties for 30 years before

his end-stage arthritis diagnosis, his arthritic condition would not have been as severe and 

manifested as early and to the degree it did as a result of his years of impact-loading activities at 

work. Appellant’s work factors for 30 years undoubtedly contributed to the development, onset, 

and acceleration and aggravation of his arthritis. Dr. Hartunian claimed that, contrary to OWCP’s 

finding, he provided a history of appellant’s prior knee injuries and surgery. Appellant’s history 

and surgeries strengthened his opinion that his job duties contributed to his arthritis. Dr. Hartunian 

advised that the most detailed history of prior injuries and surgeries was provided in appellant’s 

medical records which he reviewed and incorporated into his report. He referenced medical 

literature that supported that once a joint suffered from an injury, such as a torn meniscus, it was 

substantially more susceptible to the development of arthritis and that arthritis was more likely to 

reach an end stage more quickly than in someone with no previous injury. Although Dr. Hartunian 

noted that it was not logically and medically necessary to draw a distinction between the effect of 

appellant’s prior injuries and meniscectomies and his work factors to determine whether his work 

factors contributed to his arthritis, he attempted to do so. He related that appellant’s bilateral knee 

injuries and surgeries in the l980s predisposed his joints to the effects of impact loading activities, 

i.e., made those activities even more likely to lead to arthritis or an acceleration or aggravation of 

that condition, which happened to him. 

Dr. Hartunian noted a 1992 impression of Dr. Frederick Mansfield, a Board-certified 

orthopedic surgeon, that appellant had partial meniscectomies of both knees with a good result and 
5

no sign of internal derangement or arthritic change either knee. He related that the physician’s

statement illustrated and confirmed his opinion that the trauma and meniscectomies did not cause 

appellant’s arthritis. Rather, they enhanced the contribution of his work duties to the development, 

acceleration, and aggravation of end-stage arthritis with which he was diagnosed as having after 

performing his work duties for 30 years. Dr. Hartunian maintained that the fact that appellant 

experienced prior trauma and surgeries in his knees reinforced his conclusion that following his 

meniscectomies in the 1980s, appellant’s many years of work contributed to his bilateral knee 

arthritis.

Appellant, in an expanded narrative statement dated June 27, 2016, again described his 

work duties. In a June 27, 2016 affidavit, an associate of appellant’s counsel, advised that she was 

unable to obtain medical records regarding appellant’s surgeries in the 1980s. 

By decision September 9, 2016, an OWCP hearing representative affirmed the January 14, 

2016 decision. 

On March 3, 2017 counsel requested reconsideration and submitted Dr. Hartunian’s 

February 21, 2017 report. Dr. Hartunian noted that appellant had worked as a letter carrier since 

1984, well over 30 years, with relatively brief periods in other jobs. He indicated that appellant 

had degenerative osteoarthritis of his knees. Dr. Hartunian referenced Dr. Mansfield’s July 1992 

fitness-for-duty report which found no arthritic changes and the December 11, 2014 x-rays showed 

severe right knee degenerative changes and moderate left knee degenerative changes as objective 

evidence of the progression of appellant’s bilateral knee osteoarthritis. He opined that appellant’s

bilateral degenerative osteoarthritis was likely aggravated by work activities, which included 

repeated lifting, walking, twisting, bending, stooping, and squatting for decades. Dr. Hartunian

advised that this likely aggravated the underlying knee condition and caused permanent 

aggravation of the osteoarthritis. He noted that the aggravation was permanent as appellant’s loss 

of cartilage was irreversible and painful. Dr. Hartunian concluded that there was no doubt that 

appellant’s high impact-loading work activities contributed to the development and progression of 

his arthritis based on his medical records.

By decision dated March 15, 2017, OWCP denied modification of its September 9, 2016 

decision. It found that Dr. Hartunian’s February 21, 2017 opinion was speculative and not 

rationalized and was not based on a complete and an accurate factual and medical history regarding 

appellant’s work history and presence of underlying right knee osteoarthritis. 

On March 27, 2017 counsel requested reconsideration and submitted medical evidence. In 

a March 23, 2017 letter, Dr. Hartunian disagreed with OWCP’s March 15, 2017 decision. He

maintained that his February 21, 2017 report concluded that there was no doubt that the highimpact loading work activities engaged in by appellant contributed to the development and 

progression of his arthritis. Dr. Hartunian indicated that appellant’s 30 years of work at the 

employing establishment contributed to his arthritis by causing inflammation, which aggravated 

and accelerated, i.e., sped up the arthritic process. He noted that 1987 medical records, which 

indicated that appellant’s 1987 arthroscopy surgery found missing cartilage and removed cartilage 

and a diagnosis of early osteoarthritis, further supported that appellant’s work duties contributed 

to the aggravation and acceleration of his arthritis. Dr. Hartunian advised that it was well known 

that prior injury and surgery increased the effects of impact-loading activities on the joint so that 
6

the existence of cartilage defects during and following that surgery confirmed that 30 years of 

work that followed that surgery aggravated and accelerated his condition more than it would have 

in an otherwise healthy knee. He advised that during appellant’s hiatus from his letter carrier 

duties between 1987 and 1992 and the business route appellant had since 2014, appellant’s work 

duties involved fewer impact-loading activities. Appellant’s work duties continued to contribute 

to his arthritis, but less than the other 22-plus years he was on full duty. Dr. Hartunian noted that 

appellant’s gym activities along with his 30 years of work activities contributed to his arthritis. He 

advised that, factors such as, appellant’s age and obesity increased the impact and effects of his 

decades of work on his arthritis. Dr. Hartunian reiterated that the term “natural progression of 

degenerative osteoarthritis” was not medically accurate. He concluded that, without the decades 

of impact-loading activities at work, appellant’s arthritis would not have progressed as soon and 

as quickly as it did even as he aged and remained obese.

By decision dated June 8, 2017, OWCP denied modification of its March 15, 2017 

decision. 

LEGAL PRECEDENT

An employee seeking benefits under FECA6 has the burden of proof to establish the 

essential elements of his or her claim, including the fact that the individual is an employee of the 

United States within the meaning of FECA, that the claim was filed within the applicable time 

limitation, that an injury was sustained while in the performance of duty as alleged, and that any 

disability and/or specific condition for which compensation is claimed are causally related to the 

employment injury.7 These are the essential elements of each and every compensation claim 

regardless of whether the claim is predicated on a traumatic injury or an occupational disease.8

To establish that an injury was sustained in the performance of duty in an occupational 

disease claim, a claimant must submit the following: (1) medical evidence establishing the 

presence or existence of the disease or condition for which compensation is claimed; (2) a factual 

statement identifying employment factors alleged to have caused or contributed to the presence or 

occurrence of the disease or condition; and (3) medical evidence establishing that the employment 

factors identified by the claimant were the proximate cause of the condition for which 

compensation is claimed or, stated differently, medical evidence establishing that the diagnosed 

condition is causally related to the employment factors identified by the claimant. 

The medical evidence required to establish causal relationship is rationalized medical 

opinion evidence. The opinion of the physician must be based on a complete factual and medical 

background of the employee, must be one of reasonable certainty, and must be supported by medial

 

6 Supra note 2.

7 C.S., Docket No. 08-1585 (issued March 3, 2009); Elaine Pendleton, 40 ECAB 1143 (1989).

8 S.P., 59 ECAB 184 (2007); Victor J. Woodhams, 41 ECAB 345 (1989); Joe D. Cameron, 41 ECAB 153 (1989).
7

rationale explaining the nature of the relationship between the diagnosed condition and the specific 

employment factors identified by the employee.9 

ANALYSIS

The Board finds that this case is not in posture for a decision.

Appellant filed an occupational disease claim for a bilateral knee injury caused or 

aggravated by factors of his federal employment. OWCP accepted that appellant performed the 

work duties of a letter carrier, which involved lifting heavy tubs, pivoting, twisting, walking, and 

carrying a satchel, but repeatedly denied appellant’s claim because the medical evidence was 

insufficiently rationalized to establish a causal relationship between his diagnosed bilateral knee 

condition and the established employment factors. 

In support of his claim, appellant submitted four reports from Dr. Hartunian. Read 

together, these reports are sufficient to require further development of the medical evidence.

Dr. Hartunian noted that appellant worked as a letter carrier for 30 years and described appellant’s 

duties to include carrying mail and repetitive walking, lifting, squatting, stooping, climbing, 

bending, carrying, stair climbing, twisting, and reaching. He reviewed appellant’s history and 

provided findings on examination. Dr. Hartunian diagnosed bilateral knee osteoarthritis. He 

opined that appellant’s condition was caused, accelerated, and aggravated by his letter carrier 

duties. Dr. Hartunian explained that, high-impact activities, such as those he described, 

contributed to and accelerated degenerative arthritis of the knee. He further explained that, had 

appellant not performed the described work duties for 30 years, his arthritic condition would not 

have manifested as early as it did and have been as severe. Dr. Hartunian reasoned that his bilateral 

knee injuries and surgeries in the l980s predisposed his joints to the effects of impact-loading 

activities, which made these activities even more likely to lead to arthritis or an acceleration or 

aggravation of this condition. He related that, a 1992 finding that appellant’s bilateral knee partial 

meniscectomies had a good result and no sign of internal derangement or arthritic change of either 

knee confirmed his opinion that the trauma and meniscectomies did not cause his arthritis.

Accordingly, the Board notes that Dr. Hartunian provided an affirmative opinion on causal 

relationship. Further, the Board finds that Dr. Hartunian’s reports, when read together, identified 

the employment factors which appellant claimed caused his condition, identified findings upon 

examination, and explained how the identified employment factors, specifically the repetitive 

high-impact work activities, caused or aggravated appellant’s bilateral knee osteoarthritis. The 

Board finds that Dr. Hartunian’s opinion, while not sufficiently rationalized to meet appellant’s 

burden of proof, is sufficient, given the absence of any opposing medical evidence, to require 

further development of the record.10 It is well established that proceedings under FECA are not 

adversarial in nature, and while appellant has the burden of proof to establish entitlement to 

 

9

I.J., 59 ECAB 408 (2008); Victor J. Woodhams, id.

10 See J.G., Docket No. 17-1062 (issued February13, 2018); A.F., Docket No. 15-1687 (issued June 9, 2016). See 

also John J. Carlone, 41 ECAB 354 (1989); Horace Langhorne, 29 ECAB 820 (1978).
8

compensation, OWCP shares responsibility in the development of the evidence.11 OWCP has an 

obligation to see that justice is done.12

The case will be remanded to OWCP for further action consistent with this decision. On 

remand, after such further development of the case record as OWCP deems necessary, it shall issue 

a de novo decision.

CONCLUSION

The Board finds that this case is not in posture for a decision.

ORDER

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT the June 8, 2017 decision of the Office of Workers’

Compensation Programs is set aside and the case is remanded for further action consistent with 

this decision of the Board.

Issued: June 18, 2018

Washington, DC

Christopher J. Godfrey, Chief Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

Patricia H. Fitzgerald, Deputy Chief Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

Valerie D. Evans-Harrell, Alternate Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

 

11 See, e.g., Walter A. Fundinger, Jr., 37 ECAB 200, 204 (1985); Michael Gallo, 29 ECAB 159, 161 (1978); 

William N. Saathoff, 8 ECAB 769, 770-71 (1956); Dorothy L. Sidwell, 36 ECAB 699, 707 (1985).

12 William J. Cantrell, 34 ECAB 1233, 1237 (1983); Gertrude E. Evans, 26 ECAB 195 (1974).