United States Department of Labor

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

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T.C., Appellant

and

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, 

TRANSPORTATION SECURITY 

ADMINISTRATION, St. Ann, MO, Employer

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Docket No. 17-0576

Issued: May 22, 2018

Appearances: Case Submitted on the Record

Appellant, pro se

Office of Solicitor, for the Director

DECISION AND ORDER

Before:

CHRISTOPHER J. GODFREY, Chief Judge

ALEC J. KOROMILAS, Alternate Judge

VALERIE D. EVANS-HARRELL, Alternate Judge

JURISDICTION

On January 17, 2017 appellant filed a timely appeal from a December 30, 2016 merit 

decision of the Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs (OWCP). Pursuant to the Federal 

Employees’ Compensation Act1(FECA) and 20 C.F.R. §§ 501.2(c) and 501.3, the Board has 

jurisdiction over the merits of this case.

ISSUE

The issue is whether appellant has established a ratable hearing loss entitling him to a 

schedule award. 

FACTUAL HISTORY

On June 19, 2014 appellant, then a 57-year-old former special agent, filed an occupational 

disease claim (Form CA-2) alleging that he sustained permanent ringing in both ears due to side 

 

1 5 U.S.C. § 8101 et seq.
2

effects from taking Lariam, an antimalarial drug. He explained that he was exposed to the 

conditions alleged to have caused his disease while traveling for the employing establishment from 

1988 to 1991 and from 1995 to 1999. Appellant initially became aware of his condition in 1988 

and attributed it to his federal employment on May 26, 2014, when he learned that in July 2013 

the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had issued a warning that the drug Lariam had 

neurological side effects.2

By letter dated July 16, 2014, OWCP requested that appellant submit additional factual and 

medical information in support of his claim, including a detailed opinion from his attending 

physician regarding the cause of any diagnosed condition.

Appellant submitted the results of a July 15, 2014 audiogram. An audiologist on July 21, 

2014 noted that Lariam can cause tinnitus and that the results were consistent with the audiological 

findings. On July 22, 2014 Dr. Raymond K. Weber, Board-certified in family medicine, reviewed 

and concurred with the findings by the audiologist.

OWCP, on November 4, 2014, referred appellant to Dr. Richard L. Barnes, an osteopath, 

for a second opinion examination. In a report dated November 18, 2014, Dr. Barnes diagnosed 

bilateral sensorineural hearing loss that was mild to moderate and consistent with noise-induced 

hearing loss and tinnitus due to exposure to Lariam. He attributed the hearing loss to exposure to 

noise in his federal employment and provided the results of an audiogram.

In a supplemental report dated March 12, 2015, Dr. Barnes opined that appellant’s tinnitus 

was unrelated to taking antimalarial medication. He noted that high-frequency sensorineural 

hearing loss could result in tinnitus. On July 27, 2015 Dr. Barnes opined in an addendum report 

that the drug Lariam did not cause tinnitus.

By decision dated September 10, 2015, OWCP denied appellant’s claim for employmentrelated tinnitus. It found that his claim was timely filed and that he had established the occurrence

of the identified work factors. OWCP determined, however, that the medical evidence submitted 

was insufficient to establish that he sustained a diagnosed condition due to taking antimalarial 

medication.

Appellant, on September 24, 2015, requested reconsideration. He noted that he only took 

antimalarial medication on travel for the employment establishment. Appellant advised that he 

always used hearing protection for firearms training.

 

2

In an accompanying statement, appellant related that while traveling as part of his employment from 1988 to 1991 

and 1995 to 1999 he was required to take Lariam as a prophylaxis against malaria. He developed tinnitus. On May 26, 

2014 appellant learned that the FDA had updated its side effect information regarding the drug Lariam to include 

psychiatric and neurological side effects that may be permanent, including ringing in the ears. On July 29, 2014 he

advised that the employing establishment provided the Lariam in a plastic envelope without warning information. 

Appellant’s exposure to the drug varied depending on the time of his travels. He was unaware that his tinnitus resulted 

from the drug exposure until May 2014.
3

Dr. Jeffrey T. Fierstein, a Board-certified otolaryngologist, opined on September 24, 2015 

that appellant “developed tinnitus after taking [the] malaria prophylactic, Lariam.” He attributed 

the tinnitus to the Lariam.

In a report dated October 16, 2015, Dr. Remington Lee Nevin, a general practitioner, 

reviewed the evidence of record and discussed literature finding an association between tinnitus 

and the antimalarial drug Mefloquine (also known as Lariam). He opined that appellant sustained 

tinnitus that was more likely than not directly related to toxicity from the antimalarial drug. 

Dr. Nevin advised that the condition was most likely permanent.

By letter dated March 10, 2016, OWCP referred appellant to Dr. Ketan A. Shah, a Boardcertified otolaryngologist, for an otologic examination and an audiological evaluation. It provided 

a statement of accepted facts noting that appellant took the antimalarial medication Lariam, also 

known as Mefloquine, on work trips from 1988 to 1999. OWCP noted that he used hearing 

protection during firearms training.

In a report dated March 24, 2016, Richard K. Kleinschmidt, a physician assistant with

Dr. Shah, discussed appellant’s history of tinnitus after using the medication Lariam, or 

Melfloquine. He interpreted an audiogram as showing moderate-to-severe bilateral sensorineural 

hearing loss. The physician assistant diagnosed bilateral tinnitus more likely than not due to 

Lariam toxicity and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss more likely than not caused by tinnitus 

resulting from Lariam toxicity. He found that appellant was a good candidate for hearing aids. 

Audiometric testing was conducted on March 24, 2016. Testing at frequency levels of 500, 1,000, 

2,000, and 3,000 cycles per second revealed losses in the right ear of 15, 5, 20, and 55, respectively, 

and losses in the left ear of 10, 10, 25, and 45, respectively.

OWCP, on June 29, 2016, vacated its September 10, 2015 decision and accepted 

appellant’s claim for bilateral tinnitus and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. 

On July 8, 2016 appellant filed a claim for compensation (Form CA-7) requesting a 

schedule award. 

An OWCP medical adviser reviewed the medical evidence on July 5, 2016 and applied 

OWCP’s standards for evaluating hearing loss to the March 24, 2016 audiogram. He concluded 

that appellant’s hearing loss was not sufficiently severe to be ratable for a schedule award. 

OWCP’s medical adviser recommended that OWCP authorize hearing aids.

In a report dated October 29, 2016, Dr. Jay F. Piccirillo, a Board-certified otolaryngologist, 

discussed appellant’s complaints of tinnitus for more than 20 years. He advised that the March 24, 

2016 audiogram demonstrated high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss with speech reception 

thresholds bilaterally of 15 decibels. Referencing the sixth edition of the American Medical 

Association, Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (A.M.A., Guides),

3 Dr. Piccirillo 

opined that appellant had a class 3, or severe, problem due to tinnitus. 

 

3 A.M.A., Guides (6th ed. 2009).
4

OWCP’s medical adviser, in an updated report dated December 27, 2016, concurred with

Dr. Piccirillo’s finding that the March 24, 2016 audiogram showed moderate-to-severe 

sensorineural hearing loss in the right ear and moderate sensorineural hearing loss in the left ear at 

three to eight kilohertz. He noted, however, that applying the provisions of the sixth edition of the 

A.M.A., Guides to the audiological results yielded no monaural hearing loss in either ear and no 

binaural hearing loss. The medical adviser opined that appellant was not entitled to a schedule 

award for tinnitus as his hearing loss was not ratable.

By decision dated December 30, 2016, OWCP denied appellant’s schedule award claim. 

It found that the medical evidence of record did not establish that he had a ratable hearing loss 

entitling him to a schedule award.

On appeal appellant describes his symptoms of tinnitus, noting that it is an accepted 

condition. He maintains that OWCP’s medical adviser concurred with Dr. Piccirillo’s conclusions. 

Appellant asserts that he has a moderate-to-severe impairment due to his tinnitus.

LEGAL PRECEDENT

The schedule award provision of FECA,4and its implementing federal regulations,

5

set 

forth the number of weeks of compensation payable to employees sustaining permanent 

impairment from loss, or loss of use, of scheduled members or functions of the body. However, 

FECA does not specify the manner in which the percentage of loss shall be determined. For 

consistent results and to ensure equal justice under the law for all claimants, OWCP has adopted 

the A.M.A., Guides as the uniform standard applicable to all claimants.6 As of May 1, 2009, the 

sixth edition of the A.M.A., Guides is used to calculate schedule awards.7

OWCP evaluates industrial hearing loss in accordance with the standards contained in the 

A.M.A., Guides.

8

 Using the frequencies of 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 3,000 hertz, the losses at each 

frequency are added up and averaged. Then, the fence of 25 decibels is deducted because, as the 

A.M.A., Guides point out, losses below 25 decibels result in no impairment in the ability to hear 

everyday speech under everyday conditions. The remaining amount is multiplied by a factor of 

1.5 to arrive at the percentage of monaural hearing loss. The binaural loss is determined by 

calculating the loss in each ear using the formula for monaural loss, the lesser loss is multiplied by 

five, then added to the greater loss and the total is divided by six to arrive at the amount of binaural 

 

4 5 U.S.C. § 8107.

5 20 C.F.R. § 10.404.

6

Id. at § 10.404(a).

7 Federal (FECA) Procedure Manual, Part 2 -- Claims, Schedule Awards and Permanent Disability Claims, Chapter 

2.808.5(a) ( March 2017); see also Part 3 -- Medical, Schedule Awards, Chapter 3.700.2 and Exhibit 1 (January 2010). 

8 A.M.A., Guides 250.
5

hearing loss. The Board has concurred in OWCP’s adoption of this standard for evaluating hearing 

loss.9

Regarding tinnitus, the A.M.A., Guides provide that tinnitus is not a disease, but rather a 

symptom that may be the result of disease or injury.10 The A.M.A., Guides provide that, if tinnitus 

interferes with activities of daily living (ADLs), including sleep, reading (and other tasks requiring 

concentration), enjoyment of quiet recreation and emotional well-being, up to five percent may be 

added to a measurable binaural hearing impairment.11 A schedule award for tinnitus is not payable 

unless the medical evidence establishes that the condition caused or contributed to a ratable hearing 

loss.12

ANALYSIS

OWCP accepted that appellant sustained bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and bilateral 

tinnitus due to exposure to the antimalarial drug Lariam during the course of his federal 

employment. It initially denied the claim after finding that the medical evidence failed to establish 

that he sustained employment-related tinnitus and hearing loss, but it subsequently further 

developed the medical evidence and accepted the claim for bilateral hearing loss and tinnitus based 

on his exposure to the antimalarial drug Lariam.

On July 5, 2016 an OWCP medical adviser reviewed a March 24, 2016 audiogram obtained 

as part of a March 24, 2016 second opinion examination and found that the hearing loss was not 

ratable for schedule award purposes. He applied the standardized procedures to the March 24, 

2016 audiogram to determine if appellant’s hearing loss was ratable for schedule award purposes. 

Testing for the right ear at the frequency levels of 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 3,000 cycles per 

second revealed decibel losses of 15, 5, 20, and 55, respectively. These decibels were totaled at 

95 and were divided by 4 to obtain an average hearing loss at those cycles of 23.75 decibels. The 

average of 23.75 decibels was then reduced by 25 decibels (the first 25 decibels were discounted 

as discussed above) to equal zero percent hearing loss for the right ear. 

Testing for the left ear at the frequency levels of 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 3,000 cycles per 

second revealed decibel losses of 10, 10, 25, and 45 respectively. These decibels were totaled at 

90 and were divided by 4 to obtain the average hearing loss at those cycles of 22.5 decibels. The 

average of 22.5 decibels was then reduced by 25 decibels (the first 25 decibels were discounted as 

discussed above) to zero which was multiplied by the established factor of 1.5 to compute zero 

percent hearing loss for the left ear. The medical adviser further noted that appellant had zero 

percent binaural hearing loss. He concluded that he did not have a ratable permanent impairment 

due to hearing loss under the A.M.A., Guides.

 

9 See J.H., Docket No. 08-2432 (issued June 15, 2009); J.B., Docket No. 08-1735 (issued January 27, 2009).

10 A.M.A., Guides 249.

11 Id.; see also Robert E. Cullison, 55 ECAB 570 (2004).

12 See Charles H. Potter, 39 ECAB 645 (1988).
6

The Board finds that OWCP’s medical adviser applied the proper standards to the 

March 24, 2016 audiogram, finding zero percent monaural or binaural ratable hearing loss. 

Although he has an employment-related hearing loss, it is not significant enough to be ratable for 

schedule award purposes.13

Appellant submitted an October 29, 2016 report from Dr. Piccirillo, who found that, under 

the A.M.A., Guides, he had a class three problem due to tinnitus. An OWCP medical adviser 

concurred with Dr. Piccirillo’s determination, but noted that as his hearing loss was not ratable, he 

was not entitled to a schedule award for tinnitus. 

The A.M.A., Guides, provides that tinnitus, in the presence of unilateral or bilateral hearing 

impairment, may impair speech discrimination and provides for up to five percent rating for 

tinnitus, in the presence of measurable hearing loss, if the tinnitus impacts the ability to perform 

ADL.

14

 Appellant’s hearing loss is not ratable. Accordingly, the Board finds he is not entitled to 

a schedule award for tinnitus.15

On appeal appellant asserts that OWCP’s medical adviser concurred with Dr. Piccirillo’s 

findings and maintains that he has a moderate-to-severe impairment due to his tinnitus. The issue, 

however, is whether an audiogram establishes that he meets the criteria for a ratable hearing loss. 

An impairment rating for tinnitus may not be added to an impairment rating for hearing loss unless 

such hearing loss is ratable.16 

Appellant may request a schedule award or increased schedule award at any time based on 

evidence of a new exposure or medical evidence showing progression of an employment-related 

condition resulting in permanent impairment or increased impairment.

CONCLUSION

The Board finds that appellant has not established a ratable hearing loss entitling him to a 

schedule award. 

 

13 See W.T., Docket No. 17-1723 (issued March 20, 2018).

14 Supra note 10; Juan A. Trevino, 54 ECAB 356 (2003).

15 See D.G., Docket No. 16-1486 (issued December 16, 2016); A.W., Docket No. 16-0795 (issued August 29, 2016).

16 See Juan A. Trevino, supra note 14.
7

ORDER

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT the December 30, 2016 decision of the Office of 

Workers’ Compensation Programs is affirmed.

Issued: May 22, 2018

Washington, DC

Christopher J. Godfrey, Chief Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

Alec J. Koromilas, Alternate Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

Valerie D. Evans-Harrell, Alternate Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board