Sotamba v 183 Broadway Owner LLC

2024 NY Slip Op 32327(U)

July 9, 2024

Supreme Court, New York County

Docket Number: Index No. 155991/2021

Judge: David B. Cohen

Cases posted with a "30000" identifier, i.e., 2013 NY Slip

Op 30001(U), are republished from various New York

State and local government sources, including the New

York State Unified Court System's eCourts Service.

This opinion is uncorrected and not selected for official

publication.
NYSCEF DOC. NO. 81 

INDEX NO. 155991/2021 

RECEIVED NYSCEF: 07/09/2024 

SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK 

NEW YORK COUNTY 

PRESENT: HON. DAVID B. COHEN 

Justice 

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VICTOR SOTAMBA, 

Plaintiff, 

- V -

183 BROADWAY OWNER LLC, and PAVARINI 

MCGOVERN LLC. 

Defendants. 

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PART 58 

INDEX NO. 155991/2021 

MOTION SEQ. NO. 002 003 

DECISION + ORDER ON 

MOTION 

The following e-filed documents, listed by NYSCEF document number (Motion 002) 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 

36, 37, 38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45, 67,68, 69, 70, 76, 77 

were read on this motion to/for PARTIAL SUMMARY JUDGMENT 

The following e-filed documents, listed by NYSCEF document number (Motion 003) 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 

52, 53, 54,55, 56,57, 58,59, 60,61, 62,63, 64,65, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 78, 79 

were read on this motion to/for JUDGMENT-SUMMARY 

In this Labor Law action, plaintiff moves (Seq. 002), pursuant to CPLR 3212, for summary 

judgment against defendants on the issue of liability under Labor Law § 240( 1 ). Defendants move 

(Seq. 003), pursuant to CPLR 3212, for summary judgment dismissing the complaint. 

I. Factual and Procedural Background 

This case arises from an incident on June 3, 2021, in which plaintiff was allegedly injured 

after being struck by a large window panel while working on a scaffold at a construction site 

located at 185 Broadway in Manhattan (the premises) (NYSCEF Doc No. 33). The premises were 

owned by defendant 183 Broadway Owner LLC (183 Broadway) and defendant Pavarini 

McGovern LLC (Pavarini) was the construction manager (Doc No. 33). Plaintiff commenced this 

action against defendants alleging claims of common-law negligence and violations of Labor 

Law§§ 200, 240(1), (2), and (3), and 241(6) (Doc No. 37). Defendants joined issue by their 

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answer dated September 1, 2021, denying all substantive allegations of wrongdoing and asserting 

various affirmative defenses (Doc No. 34). Plaintiff now moves for partial summary judgment on 

his Labor Law§ 240(1) claim (Doc No. 31), which defendants oppose (Doc No. 67). Defendants 

move for summary dismissal of the complaint (Doc No. 47), which plaintiff partially opposes (Doc 

No. 75). 

A. Deposition Testimony of Plainti(f(Doc Nos. 39-40) 

At his deposition, plaintiff testified that he was employed by nonparty Alubuild as a helper 

responsible for installing windows and window panels at the premises. He was given instructions 

by his supervisor, who was another Alubuild employee. On the day of the incident, he and three 

other coworkers were instructed to move panels from the 29th floor to the 30th floor. The panels 

were roughly twelve feet long by three feet wide and weighed approximately 80 pounds. Suction 

cups with handles were attached to the panels to help move the panels by hand from floor to floor. 

Plaintiff was never told to use any other lifting equipment to move the panels. He and a coworker 

were positioned on the exterior of the building on a scaffold on the 29th floor and two other 

coworkers were stationed above on the 30th floor. The panel was initially held horizontally but 

needed to be rotated vertically to be handed to the two workers on the floor above. After plaintiff 

and his coworker rotated the panel and began to lift it upwards towards the 30th floor, his coworker 

lost his grip and the panel fell onto plaintiff's right shoulder. 

Plaintiff proceeded to the health station immediately and subsequently visited an urgent 

healthcare facility. He denied speaking to an accident investigator or completing any accident 

report for Alubuild or any other entity at the premises. However, when shown a copy of an 

Alubuild accident report bearing his signature that was completed the day of his accident, he 

acknowledged that the signature on the report was his. 

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B. Deposition Testimony of Pavarini (Doc No. 41) 

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A safety manager for Pavarini testified that he was responsible for coordinating safety 

compliance at the premises. He was assigned to the project at the premises on the date of the 

incident, but he did not witness plaintiff's accident. Pavarini hired Alubuild as a subcontractor 

performing work on the glass exterior of the building, but Pavarini was not responsible for the 

"manner and means" of Alubuild' s work. Although he stated that "personnel hoists" were 

available on the premises, he was unsure whether "material hoists" were also available. 

Pavarini also hired CitySafety Compliance Corp. (CitySafety) to perform site safety 

management. After plaintiff's accident, Pavarini and City Safety each generated an accident report. 

When shown a copy of the Pavarini accident report, the safety manager confirmed that he created 

it, although he could not remember when he first learned of plaintiff's accident or how he obtained 

the information needed to create that report. However, he confirmed that he never referenced the 

CitySafety accident report in generating the Pavarini report. 

C. Contract Between Defendants (Doc No. 42) 

Pursuant to the contract, 1 Pavarini was responsible for "administer[ing], manag[ing], 

supervis[ing], direct[ing], coordinat[ing] and caus[ing] the proper and efficient performance ... of 

all work, labor, materials, equipment, [and] tools" required for the project. Pavarini also retained 

"control over construction means, methods, techniques, sequences[,] and procedures" for the work 

performed. 

1 The contract listed 187 Broadway Owner LLC as the owner of the premises and included no references to 

183 Broadway. However, in its opposition papers, 183 Broadway admitted that it was the owner of the premises at 

the time of plaintiff's accident (Doc No. 68 at 1). 

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D. Various Accident Reports (Pavarini, Alubuild, and CitySafety) (Doc Nos. 61-63) 

The Pavarini accident report identified one of Pavarini's employees as the report's creator, 

however, it contained no signatures from him or plaintiff. The report provided that plaintiff 

"experienced a sudden pain in his right shoulder while lifting" one of the window panels, 

identifying the nature of his injury as a fracture (Doc No. 61). Although it indicated that there 

were witnesses to plaintiff's accident, it did not list them. 

The CitySafety accident report aligned with the Pavarini report, in that it provided that 

plaintiff "hurt [his] right shoulder loading [a] window panel on to [a] scaffold" (Doc No. 63). The 

report was signed by the CitySafety employee who created it, but not by plaintiff. 

The Alubuild accident report aligned with the details of the Pavarini and CitySafety reports, 

in that it stated plaintiff was injured after he "suddenly moved and twisted his right shoulder" while 

installing a window panel (Doc No. 62). The report indicated that one of plaintiff's coworkers 

witnessed the accident, and it was signed by plaintiff and his supervisor on the date of the accident. 

E. Plaintiff's Medical Records (Doc No. 60) 

The doctor who examined plaintiff at the urgent healthcare facility included an entry in his 

notes that plaintiff stated "when [an]other employee lost his grip on the metal object, [plaintiff] 

tried to hold the metal on his own and ended up injur[ing] his [right] shoulder." 

F. Plaintiff's Workers' Compensation Board C-3 Form (Doc No. 64) 

Shortly after the date of his accident, plaintiff submitted a C-3 form to the Workers' 

Compensation Board. Within the form, plaintiff wrote that his injury happened when a frame 

"started to fall" and "fractur[ed his] clavicle." 

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II. Legal Analysis and Conclusions 

A. Plaintiff's Motion for Partial Summary Judgment 

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Plaintiff contends that he has made a prima facie showing that defendants violated Labor 

Law § 240( 1) and such violations caused his injuries because defendants failed to provide him 

with a safety device like a pulley or hoist to lift the panel. Defendants argue in opposition that 

plaintiff was not subjected to an elevation-related risk, he suffered an ordinary peril of working at 

a construction site. They also argue that none of the safety devices mentioned in the statute were 

necessary for him to perform his work. Finally, they maintain that questions of fact exist regarding 

the circumstances of plaintiff's accident because the information contained in the various accident 

reports, plaintiff's medical records, and his workers' compensation C-3 form contradict his 

testimony about how he was injured. In reply, plaintiff reiterates that his work was covered by the 

statute, and argues, among other things, that defendants failed to demonstrate that questions of fact 

exist because they rely solely on hearsay evidence that is not in admissible form. 

"Labor Law§ 240(1) imposes a nondelegable duty and absolute liability upon owners and 

contractors for failing to provide safety devices necessary for workers subjected to elevationrelated risks in circumstances specified by the statute" (Soto v J Crew Inc., 21 NY3d 562, 566 

[2013] [citations omitted]; see Healy v EST Downtown, LLC, 38 NY3d 998, 999 [2022]). 

However, "[n]ot every worker who falls at a construction site, and not every object that falls on a 

worker, gives rise to the extraordinary protections of [the statute]" (Narducci v Manhasset Bay 

Assoc., 96 NY2d 259, 267 [2001 ]). A plaintiff seeking summary judgment on the issue of liability 

"must establish that the statute was violated and that such violation was a proximate cause of his 

injury" (Barreto v Metropolitan Transp. Auth., 25 NY3d 426, 433 [2015]; see Villanueva v 114 

Fifth Ave. Assoc. LLC, 162 AD3d 404,405 [1st Dept 2018]). 

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Plaintiff demonstrates that the panel he was lifting "was an object that required securing to 

prevent it from becoming dislodged or falling during the work" (Rutkowski v New York Convention 

Ctr. Dev. Corp., 146 AD3d 686, 686 [1st Dept 2017] [rejecting defendant's contention that 

"lighting bar" being carried by hand meant it did not require safety device to secure]). In falling 

object cases, "the risk to be guarded against is the unchecked or insufficiently checked descent of 

the object" (Arnaud v 140 Edgecomb LLC, 83 AD3d 507, 508 [1st Dept 2011]; see Apel v City of 

New York, 73 AD3d 406,407 [1st Dept 2010]). Plaintiff also demonstrates through his testimony 

that he was not provided with any safety device like a rope, pulley, or hoist to support the panel as 

it was moving to the floor above. Therefore, he has made a prima facie showing that he is entitled 

to judgment as a matter of law on the issue of liability (see Arnaud, 83 AD3d at 508 [granting 

summary judgment to plaintiff injured when wood plank being lifted between floors fell and struck 

plaintiff]). 

Yet, defendants satisfy their shifted burden to demonstrate that there are questions of fact. 

Defendants focus on five items in attempting to identify questions of fact regarding how plaintiff 

was injured: three accident reports generated by Alubuild, Pavarini, and CitySafety, plaintiff's 

workers' compensation C-3 form, and medical records from the urgent healthcare facility he 

visited shortly after his accident.2 The C-3 form mentioned that plaintiff's injury occurred when 

the window frame "started to fall," which does not controvert his testimony that the panel fell onto 

him (see Ging v F.J Sciame Constr. Co., Inc., 193 AD3d 415,417 [1st Dept 2021] [concluding 

2 Defendants also submitted a transcript of a purported recorded statement made by plaintiff with the help 

of a translator shortly after the accident (Doc No. 65). In the transcript, plaintiff allegedly stated that the panel did 

not fall and hit him on the shoulder (Doc No. 65 at 4-5). However, defendants provided no accompanying 

documentation to verify the accuracy of the information contained in the transcript. Therefore, it will not be 

considered. 

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no issue of fact raised because C-3 form did not "actually controvert plaintiff's account of the 

accident"]). 

However, plaintiff's medical records include an entry that plaintiff stated he was injured 

when his coworker "lost his grip" and plaintiff "tried to hold the metal [frame] on his own," which 

does contradict his deposition testimony. Although the medical records constitute hearsay 

evidence, that specific entry satisfies the party admissions exception to the rule against hearsay 

because it is "directly attributable to plaintiff so as to constitute [an] admission[]" (Pina v Arthur 

Clinton Haus. Dev. Fund Corp. 188 AD3d 614, 614 [1st Dept 2021] [concluding medical record 

entries containing description of accident satisfied party admissions exception because plaintiff 

was source of information]). 

That statement, combined with the information in the various accident reports explaining 

that plaintiff was injured when his shoulder twisted, allow for a different conclusion regarding how 

plaintiff was injured. Where different conclusions may be reasonably drawn from the evidence 

provided, a motion for summary judgment should be denied (see Jaffe v Davis, 214 AD2d 330, 

330 [1st Dept 1995]). Although the accident reports also constitute hearsay evidence (see 

Mayorquin v Carriage House Owner's Corp., 202 AD3d 541, 541 [1st Dept 2022]), "hearsay may 

be considered in opposition to a summary judgment motion," it just cannot be the sole basis on 

which to deny summary judgment ( Clarke v Empire Gen. Contr. & Painting Corp., 189 AD3d 

611, 612 [1st Dept 2020]). Here, defendants' opposition did not rely solely on hearsay evidence. 

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B. Defendants' Motion for Summary Dismissal 

I. Plaintiff's Labor Law§ 240(1) Claim 

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Based on the finding above that there are questions of fact regarding how plaintiff was 

injured, the branch of defendants' motion seeking summary dismissal of plaintiff's Labor 

Law § 240( 1) claim is denied. 

2. Plaintiff's Remaining Claims 

Plaintiff explicitly declined to oppose the branch of defendants' motion seeking to dismiss 

his claims of common-law negligence and violations of Labor Law §§ 200, 240(2), 240(3), and 

241(6) (Doc No. 72 at 1). Therefore, those branches of defendants' motion are granted without 

opposition. 

The parties' remaining contentions are either without merit or need not be addressed given 

the findings above. 

Accordingly, it is hereby: 

ORDERED that the motion (Seq. 002) by plaintiff for summary judgment against 

defendants 183 Broadway Owner LLC and Pavarini McGovern LLC on the issue of liability under 

Labor Law § 240( 1) is denied; and it is further 

ORDERED that the motion (Seq. 003) by defendants 183 Broadway Owner LLC and 

Pavarini McGovern LLC for summary judgment dismissing the complaint is decided as follows: 

• the branch of the motion seeking summary judgment dismissing plaintiff's Labor 

Law § 240( 1) claim is denied; 

• the branch of the motion seeking summary judgment dismissing plaintiff's commonlaw negligence and Labor Law §§ 200, 240(2), and (3), and 241(6) claims is granted 

without opposition; and it is further 

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ORDERED that the claims by plaintiff against defendants 183 Broadway Owner LLC and 

Pavarini McGovern LLC for common-law negligence and violations of Labor Law § § 200, 240(2), 

and (3), and 241(6) are severed and dismissed; and it is further 

ORDERED that the Clerk of the Court is directed to enter judgment accordingly; and it is 

further 

ORDERED that counsel for plaintiff shall serve a copy of this order with notice of entry 

upon the Clerk of the Court (60 Centre Street, Room 141B), and the Clerk of the General Clerk's 

Office (60 Centre Street, Room 119); and it is further 

ORDERED that such service upon the Clerk of the Court and the Clerk of the General 

Clerk's Office shall be made in accordance with the procedures set forth in the Protocol on 

Courthouse and County Clerk Procedures for Electronically Filed Case (accessible at the "EFiling" page on the court's website at the address www.nycourts.gov/supctmanh); and it is further 

ORDERED that the parties are to appear for a settlement/trial scheduling conference in 

person at 71 Thomas Street, Room 305, on August 7, 2024, at 10:00 a.m. 

7/9/2024 

DATE 

CHECK ONE: 

DAVID B. COHEN, J.S.C. 

APPLICATION: 

CHECK IF APPROPRIATE: 

~ CASE DISPOSED 

GRANTED □ DENIED 

SETTLE ORDER 

INCLUDES TRANSFER/REASSIGN 

NON-FINAL DISPOSITION 

GRANTED IN PART 

SUBMIT ORDER 

FIDUCIARY APPOINTMENT 

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□ REFERENCE 

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