United States Department of Labor

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

__________________________________________

K.W., Appellant

and

U.S. POSTAL SERVICE, PROCESSING & 

DISTRIBUTION CENTER, Boston, MA, 

Employer

__________________________________________

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Docket No. 17-1109

Issued: January 3, 2018

Appearances: Case Submitted on the Record

Benjamin R. Zimmerman, Esq., for the appellant1

Office of Solicitor, for the Director

DECISION AND ORDER

Before:

CHRISTOPHER J. GODFREY, Chief Judge

PATRICIA H. FITZGERALD, Deputy Chief Judge

VALERIE D. EVANS-HARRELL, Alternate Judge

JURISDICTION

On April 27, 2017 appellant, through counsel, filed a timely appeal from an April 4, 2017 

merit decision of the Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs (OWCP).2 Pursuant to the 

 

1

In all cases in which a representative has been authorized in a matter before the Board, no claim for a fee for 

legal or other service performed on appeal before the Board is valid unless approved by the Board. 20 C.F.R. 

§ 501.9(e). No contract for a stipulated fee or on a contingent fee basis will be approved by the Board. Id. An 

attorney or representative’s collection of a fee without the Board’s approval may constitute a misdemeanor, subject 

to fine or imprisonment for up to one year or both. Id.; see also 18 U.S.C. § 292. Demands for payment of fees to a 

representative, prior to approval by the Board, may be reported to appropriate authorities for investigation.

2 Appellant timely requested oral argument pursuant to section 501.5(b) of the Board’s Rules of Procedure. 20 

C.F.R. § 501.5(b). By order dated September 22, 2017, the Board exercised its discretion and denied the request, 

finding that the arguments on appeal could adequately be addressed based on the case record. Order Denying 

Request for Oral Argument, Docket No. 17-1109 (issued September 22, 2017). The Board’s Rules of Procedure

provide that any appeal in which a request for oral argument is not granted by the Board will proceed to a decision 

based on the case record and any pleadings submitted. 20 C.F.R. § 505.5(b).
2

Federal Employees’ Compensation Act3(FECA) and 20 C.F.R. §§ 501.2(c) and 501.3, the Board 

has jurisdiction over the merits of the claim.

ISSUE

The issue is whether appellant met her burden of proof to establish a traumatic left hip 

injury, causally related to the accepted April 15, 2016 work incident.

FACTUAL HISTORY

On April 20, 2016 appellant, then a 47-year-old mail processing clerk, filed a traumatic 

injury claim (Form CA-1) alleging that, on April 15, 2016, she was sweeping mail on automation 

machine number 24 and loading mail into containers when she heard an “unusual noise” in her 

left hip followed by the immediate onset of pain and limping. She stopped work on 

April 16, 2016. Appellant sought treatment at a hospital emergency room. Unsigned April 16, 

2016 discharge instructions note a diagnosis of dislocation of internal left hip prosthesis.

Dr. Michael D. Baratz, an attending Board-certified orthopedic surgeon, noted in an 

April 26, 2016 report that appellant presented to a hospital “emergency room on April 16, 2016 

with a fractured polyethylene liner of her left total hip arthroplasty.” He held her off work until 

three months after revision surgery scheduled for May 6, 2016.

In a May 27, 2016 letter, OWCP notified appellant of the additional evidence needed to 

establish her claim, including a report from her attending physician diagnosing an injury 

resulting from the claimed April 15, 2016 incident, and explaining how and why sweeping mail 

and loading containers would result in a fracture of her left hip prosthesis. It also requested that 

she provide a detailed factual statement regarding the circumstances of the claimed injury.

OWCP afforded appellant 30 days to submit such evidence.4 Appellant did not submit the 

requested information within the time allotted.

By decision dated June 30, 2016, OWCP denied appellant’s claim finding that the 

evidence of record was insufficient to establish that the claimed incident occurred as alleged. It

also noted that the medical evidence of record did not address causal relationship between the 

alleged incident and the claimed left hip injury.

In a July 22, 2016 letter, received by OWCP on July 25, 2016, appellant, through 

counsel, requested an oral hearing before a representative of OWCP’s Branch of Hearings and 

Review. Counsel provided a January 20, 2017 memorandum contending that additional evidence 

was sufficient to meet appellant’s burden of proof.

At the hearing, held on January 25, 2017, counsel contended that additional medical and 

factual evidence established that appellant was injured while sweeping mail at work on 

 

3 5 U.S.C. § 8101 et seq. 

4 On June 29, 2016 OWCP granted appellant’s request to change physicians from Dr. Baratz to Dr. Byron 

Hartunian, a Board-certified orthopedic surgeon.
3

April 15, 2016. Appellant submitted a January 18, 2017 narrative statement, alleging that at 

10:30 p.m. on April 15, 2016 she turned to the left while sweeping mail in a crouched position 

and felt a pop in her left hip, which “got stiffer and made a squeaking sound” when she moved.

She reported this incident to her supervisor. 

Also submitted was a January 18, 2017 statement from appellant’s sister, noting that she 

took appellant to the emergency room after her April 15, 2016 shift ended, for complaints of left 

hip pain and squeaking. In a January 19, 2017 statement, a coworker asserted that, on the 

evening of April 15, 2016, appellant stated that “her left hip popped out and started making 

strange squeaking noises.”

In an April 16, 2016 emergency room report, Dr. Saket Sanghai, a Board-certified 

internist, and Dr. Nadine Youssef, Board-certified in emergency medicine, related appellant’s 

account of putting out mail at work when her left hip became stiff and started to squeak. 

Appellant noted that she underwent total left hip arthroplasty in 2013 with subsequent fracture of 

the polyethylene liner, necessitating a second left hip replacement in 2014. On examination 

there was an audible squeaking noise in the left hip when she walked, with tightness and stiffness 

in the joint.

An April 19, 2016 left hip x-ray showed “improper seating of the femoral prosthesis 

within the acetabular prosthesis.”

On May 6, 2016 Dr. Baratz performed a revision left total hip arthroplasty to address a 

failed acetabular liner and metalosis of left hip soft tissues. X-rays obtained that day 

demonstrated a well-seated replacement prosthesis. Follow-up reports dated June 7 and 

September 7, 2016 noted a normal alignment of the left hip prosthesis.

By decision dated April 4, 2017, an OWCP hearing representative affirmed the June 30, 

2016 decision as modified to find that appellant had established that the April 15, 2016 incident 

occurred as alleged. She denied the claim, however, as the medical evidence of record was 

insufficient to establish that her left hip injury was causally related to the accepted April 15, 

2016 employment incident.

LEGAL PRECEDENT

An employee seeking benefits under FECA5 has the burden of proof to establish the 

essential elements of his or her claim, including the fact that the individual is an employee of the 

United States within the meaning of FECA, that the claim was filed within the applicable time 

limitation, that an injury was sustained while in the performance of duty as alleged, and that any 

disability and/or specific condition for which compensation is claimed are causally related to the 

 

5 Supra note 3.
4

employment injury.6 These are the essential elements of each and every compensation claim 

regardless of whether the claim is predicated on a traumatic injury or an occupational disease.7

To determine whether an employee sustained a traumatic injury in the performance of 

duty, OWCP begins with an analysis of whether fact of injury has been established. Generally, 

fact of injury consists of two components that must be considered conjunctively. First, the 

employee must submit sufficient evidence to establish that he or she actually experienced the 

employment incident that is alleged to have occurred.8 FECA characterizes damage to a 

prosthesis or prosthetic device as an injury.9 Second, the employee must submit sufficient 

evidence, generally only in the form of medical evidence, to establish that the employment 

incident caused a personal injury.10

The medical evidence required to establish causal relationship is generally rationalized 

medical opinion evidence. Rationalized medical opinion evidence is medical evidence which 

includes a physician’s rationalized opinion on the issue of whether there is causal relationship 

between the claimant’s diagnosed condition and the implicated employment factors. The 

opinion of the physician must be based on a complete factual and medical background of the 

claimant, must be one of reasonable medical certainty and must be supported by medical 

rationale explaining the nature of the relationship between the diagnosed condition and the 

specific employment factors identified by the claimant.11

ANALYSIS

Appellant claimed that she sustained a fracture of the polyethylene acetabular liner of her 

left hip prosthesis when crouching to sweep mail on April 15, 2016. OWCP accepted that the 

crouching incident occurred as alleged, but denied the claim due to a lack of medical rationale 

supporting causal relationship.

Dr. Sanghai, a Board-certified internist, and Dr. Youssef, Board-certified in emergency 

medicine, noted in their April 16, 2016 report that appellant previously underwent a 2013 total 

left hip arthroplasty with 2014 acetabular liner fracture and revision, and that appellant 

experienced left hip pain with squeaking while loading mail at work on April 15, 2016. They 

diagnosed a dislocated internal left hip prosthesis. Dr. Baratz, an attending Board-certified 

orthopedic surgeon, performed a revision left total hip arthroplasty on May 6, 2016. However, 

none of appellant’s physicians explained how and why crouching at work on April 15, 2016 

would cause a fracture of the prosthetic acetabular liner. Causal relationship must be established 

 

6

Joe D. Cameron, 41 ECAB 153 (1989).

7 See Irene St. John, 50 ECAB 521 (1999); Michael E. Smith, 50 ECAB 313 (1999).

8 Gary J. Watling, 52 ECAB 278 (2001).

9 5 U.S.C. § 8101(5); N.L., Docket No. 15-1097 (issued August 11, 2016), Gary C. Ashe, Docket No. 94-0271 

(issued July 13, 1995).

10 Deborah L. Beatty, 54 ECAB 340 (2003).

11 Solomon Polen, 51 ECAB 341 (2000).
5

by rationalized medical opinion evidence,12 based upon a specific and accurate history of 

employment conditions which are alleged to have caused or exacerbated a disabling condition.13 

In the absence of such rationale, the opinions of Dr. Sanghai, Dr. Youssef, and Dr. Baratz are 

insufficient to establish the claimed pathophysiologic causal relationship between the accepted 

April 15, 2016 work incident and the prosthesis fracture.

The Board has held that the mere fact that a disease or condition manifests itself or 

worsens during a period of employment14 or that work activities produce pain or discomfort 

revelatory of an underlying condition15 does not raise an inference of causal relationship between 

the condition and the employment factors.16 Therefore, Dr. Baratz’ acknowledgement of the date 

of the accepted crouching incident, and Dr. Sanghai’s and Dr. Youssef’s repetition of appellant’s 

account of events, are insufficient to establish causal relationship. None of appellant’s 

physicians explained how the specific physical stresses of crouching to sweep mail would cause 

a fracture or dislocation of the polyethylene acetabular liner.

On appeal counsel contends that OWCP’s hearing representative erred by ignoring the 

common sense of the situation, citing to the Board’s holdings in C.J.,

17 Gregory J. Reser,18 and 

Ferne Frickey (Henry P. Frickey).19

C.J. and Reser both concern claims for externally caused injuries with distinctive clinical 

signs obvious to a medical practitioner. In C.J., the Board set aside OWCP’s denial of an 

electric shock injury based on a lack of medical rationale, as the medical evidence contained a 

clear, contemporaneous diagnosis of electrocution. In Reser, the Board reversed OWCP’s denial 

of the claimant’s poison oak rash, as the mechanism of causation was open and obvious. In the 

present case, however, appellant alleges an internal injury with no clear method of causation. No 

physician asserted that any objective element of appellant’s presentation proved conclusively 

that crouching at work caused the prosthetic fracture.

The Board’s holding in Frickey found that a heavy lifting incident caused a fatal cardiac 

event, based on rationale from the claimant’s physicians explaining why these physical stresses 

 

12 G.R., Docket No. 17-0669 (issued July 19, 2017); N.L., Docket No. 17-0454 (issued April 6, 2017); D.E., 58 

ECAB 448 (2007); Roy L. Humphrey, 57 ECAB 238 (2005); Michael E. Smith, supra note 7; Victor J. Woodhams, 

41 ECAB 345 (1989).

13 T.H., Docket No. 17-0091 (issued July 25, 2017); Patricia J. Bolleter, 40 ECAB 373 (1988).

14 C.C., Docket No. 17-0508 (issued September 13, 2017); Michael E. Smith, supra note 7; William Nimitz, Jr., 30 

ECAB 567 (1979).

15 Michael E. Smith, supra note 7; Richard B. Cissel, 32 ECAB 1910 (1981).

16 E.H., Docket No. 17-0986 (issued August 10, 2017); D.E., supra note 12; Gary M. DeLeo, 56 ECAB 656 

(2005); Jimmie H. Duckett, 52 ECAB 332 (2001).

17 Docket No. 06-2013 (issued January 25, 2007).

18 57 ECAB 277 (2005).

19 9 ECAB 308 (1957).
6

were competent to cause the episode in a man with a 30-year history of rheumatic heart disease. 

Frickey is distinguished from the present matter as the medical evidence of record contains no 

clear rationale explaining how and why the accepted crouching incident would have caused

injury to appellant’s left hip. Additionally, there is no discussion of what caused the 2013 hip 

injury, a critical omission considering the circumstances of the case.

Counsel also argues that OWCP’s hearing representative improperly substituted her own 

medical judgment by ignoring inferences in the factual and medical evidence. In support of 

these propositions, he cites the Board’s decisions in George Ralston20 and Jeannine E. 

Swanson,

21 in which the Board set aside an OWCP decision where an appointed physician relied 

on an incorrect legal standard, Marcia A. McGuire,22 where the Board remanded a case for full 

consideration of a chiropractor’s reports as OWCP incorrectly found that he was not a physician 

under FECA, and Diane J. Vaccaro,

23 where the Board set aside an OWCP decision based on the 

claims examiner’s reliance on a medical reference book not in the case record. The Board finds 

that none of these legal errors are present in this matter. There were no appointed physicians of 

record, OWCP did not cite to medical evidence extraneous to the case record, and OWCP did not 

find that any reports were not medical evidence. Counsel also referenced Billy C. Rae,

24 in 

which the Board set aside an OWCP decision where the claims examiner discounted a medical 

diagnosis as it was based on an irrelevant legal argument. However, there is no indication in this 

claim that OWCP improperly evaluated or considered the medical evidence of record, or that 

OWCP’s hearing representative made any independent medical judgment.

Finally, counsel contends that OWCP’s hearing representative committed legal error 

under OWCP’s procedures25 by ignoring precedent. Insofar as counsel’s contention pertains to 

the Board decisions cited on appeal, as explained above, these cases are clearly distinguishable 

from the present claim.

By May 27, 2016 letter, OWCP notified appellant of the necessity of submitting medical 

rationale from her attending physician, explaining how and why work events would cause the 

claimed injury. As she did not submit such evidence, she did not meet her burden of proof.

Appellant may submit new evidence or argument with a written request for 

reconsideration to OWCP within one year of this merit decision, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. § 8128(a) 

and 20 C.F.R. §§ 10.605 through 10.607.

 

20 Docket No. 97-1939 (issued July 21, 1999).

21 45 ECAB 325 (1994).

22 Docket No. 94-2383 (issued August 21, 1996).

23 47 ECAB 263 (1995).

24 43 ECAB 192 (1993).

25 Specifically, Federal (FECA) Procedure Manual, Part 2 -- Claims, General Provisions of the FECA, Chapter 

2.200.3 (July 2004).
7

CONCLUSION

The Board finds that appellant has not met her burden of proof to establish a traumatic 

left hip injury, causally related to the accepted April 15, 2016 work incident.

ORDER

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT the decision of the Office of Workers’

Compensation Programs dated April 4, 2017 is affirmed.

Issued: January 3, 2018

Washington, DC

Christopher J. Godfrey, Chief Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

Patricia H. Fitzgerald, Deputy Chief Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

Valerie D. Evans-Harrell, Alternate Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board