[Cite as In re I.B., 2024-Ohio-2249.]

STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

)ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT

COUNTY OF SUMMIT )

IN RE: I.B.

V.L.

C.A. Nos. 30712

30716

APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT

ENTERED IN THE

COURT OF COMMON PLEAS

COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO

CASE Nos. DN 21 09 0778

DN 21 09 0788

DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: June 12, 2024

SUTTON, Judge.

{¶1} Appellant, A.M. (“Mother”), appeals from a judgment of the Summit County Court 

of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, that placed her minor children in the permanent custody of 

Summit County Children Services Board (“CSB”). This Court affirms. 

I.

{¶2} Mother is the biological mother of I.B., born July 14, 2018; and V.L., born February 

23, 2020. The children’s fathers did not appeal from the trial court’s judgment. 

{¶3} During May 2021, Stark County Job and Family Services (“SCJFS”) received a 

referral because a non-relative friend, C.S., had taken one of the children for medical treatment at 

a hospital but lacked authority to have the child treated. For over a month, Mother had left one 

child in the care of C.S., and the other with a maternal relative. Mother had not maintained contact 

with them and had not provided the caregivers with any legal authority over the children. SCJFS 
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conducted a search for Mother but did not know where to locate her and was unable to reach her 

via telephone. 

{¶4} On May 17, 2021, SCJFS filed complaints to allege that I.B. and V.L. were 

neglected and/or dependent children. The Stark County Juvenile Court later adjudicated the 

children dependent, placed them in the temporary custody of SCJFS, and adopted the case plan as 

an order of the court. The case plan required Mother to obtain substance abuse and mental health 

assessments and follow any treatment recommendations, and to obtain and maintain stable housing 

and income and demonstrate that she could provide for the basic needs of her children. 

{¶5} The children’s cases were later transferred to Summit County, where Mother 

resided. Shortly after the Summit County Juvenile Court accepted the transfer, it moved the 

children from the temporary custody of SCJFS to the temporary custody of CSB. Throughout this 

case, the children were placed together in the home of Mother’s friend, C.S.

{¶6} Mother obtained mental health assessments and was diagnosed with major 

depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. 

The case plan required Mother to engage in ongoing counseling and psychiatric medication 

management, but Mother attended only two counseling sessions and did not follow through with 

taking prescribed medication to help manage her emotions. Mother was uncooperative with the 

caseworker, the guardian ad litem, and C.S., and she continued to exhibit volatile behavior toward 

them.

{¶7} The trial court extended temporary custody once to allow Mother more time to work 

on her case plan and/or to allow the agency more time to locate a relative to take custody of the 

children. Over the next several months, however, Mother did not make progress on the mental 

health component of the case plan and did not locate a stable home for her children. She continued 
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to live with people who had not been approved by CSB in the unclean and overcrowded home of 

the maternal grandmother (“Grandmother”), who had lost custody of Mother in a juvenile case 

several years ago. 

{¶8} CSB was also unable to find a suitable relative who was willing to provide the 

children with a permanent home. CSB had pursued placement of the children in the legal custody 

of C.S., but the relationship between Mother and C.S. significantly deteriorated during this case. 

Ultimately, C.S. informed CSB that she was no longer willing to take legal custody of the children, 

which would have preserved Mother’s residual parental rights, because Mother had become 

increasingly hostile and threatening toward her. 

{¶9} On December 8, 2022, CSB moved for permanent custody of both children. 

Following a hearing before a visiting trial judge, the trial court terminated parental rights and 

placed I.B. and V.L. in the permanent custody of CSB. Mother appeals and raises one assignment 

of error.

II.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT GRANTED PERMANENT CUSTODY 

TO [CSB] WHERE THE DECISION TO GRANT PERMANENT CUSTODY 

WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE AND 

WHERE [CSB] FAILED TO DEMONSTRATE REASONABLE CASE 

PLANNING AND DILIGENT EFFORTS AND PROVE THAT PERMANENT 

CUSTODY WAS IN THE BEST INTEREST OF THE CHILD BY CLEAR AND 

CONVINCING EVIDENCE.

{¶10} Mother’s sole assignment of error is that the trial court’s permanent custody 

decision was not supported by the evidence. We note that portions of Mother’s argument rely on 

legal authority that does not pertain to this permanent custody appeal. For example, she cites R.C. 

2151.414(E)(1), a first-prong ground for permanent custody that was not a basis of the judgment 
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on appeal. She also relies on In re Burrell, 58 Ohio St.2d 37, 39 (1979), and a similar line of cases, 

which pertain solely to the evidence required for an adjudication of dependency. Because the 

children’s prior adjudication of dependency had already become final and was not relitigated at 

the permanent custody stage of the proceedings, we will not review that case law in this appeal. 

{¶11} Mother further asserts that CSB failed to make reasonable efforts to reunify her 

with her children because, although this case was pending for nearly two years, she was not 

provided with sufficient assistance to locate independent housing. There is nothing in the record 

to suggest that Mother ever asked CSB for housing assistance; nor did she challenge the trial 

court’s prior findings that CSB had made reasonable efforts to prevent the continued removal of 

the children from her custody and/or to return them to her custody. Moreover, “[i]f [she] believed 

that the services offered by the existing case plans were not sufficient, [her] trial counsel could 

have filed proposed case plan amendments but did not.” In re L.A., 9th Dist. Summit No. 30572, 

2023-Ohio-1877, ¶ 10, citing R.C. 2151.412(F)(2). Mother does not argue plain error on appeal.

{¶12} Therefore, this Court will review the trial court’s permanent custody decision to 

determine whether it was against the manifest weight of the evidence. Before a juvenile court may 

terminate parental rights and award permanent custody of a child to a proper moving agency, it 

must find clear and convincing evidence of both prongs of the permanent custody test: (1) that the 

child is abandoned; orphaned; has been in the temporary custody of the agency for at least 12 

months of a consecutive 22-month period; the child or another child of the same parent has been 

adjudicated abused, neglected, or dependent three times; or that the child cannot be placed with 

either parent, based on an analysis under R.C. 2151.414(E); and (2) that the grant of permanent 

custody to the agency is in the best interest of the child, based on an analysis under R.C. 

2151.414(D)(1). R.C. 2151.414(B)(1) and 2151.414(B)(2); see also In re William S., 75 Ohio 
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St.3d 95, 98-99 (1996). Clear and convincing evidence is that which will “produce in the mind of 

the trier of facts a firm belief or conviction as to the facts sought to be established.” (Internal 

quotations omitted.) In re Adoption of Holcomb, 18 Ohio St.3d 361, 368 (1985), quoting Cross v. 

Ledford, 161 Ohio St. 469 (1954), paragraph three of the syllabus. 

{¶13} In considering whether the juvenile court’s judgment is against the manifest weight 

of the evidence, this Court “weighs the evidence and all reasonable inferences, considers the 

credibility of witnesses and determines whether in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the [finder 

of fact] clearly lost its way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the [judgment] 

must be reversed and a new [hearing] ordered.” (Internal quotations and citations omitted.) 

Eastley v. Volkman, 132 Ohio St.3d 328, 2012-Ohio-2179, ¶ 20. When weighing the evidence, 

this Court “must always be mindful of the presumption in favor of the finder of fact.” Id. at ¶ 21.

{¶14} The trial court found that the first prong of the permanent custody test was satisfied 

because I.B. and V.L. had been in the temporary custody of children services agencies for a total 

of more than 12 months of a consecutive 22-month period. See R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(d). The 

record reflects that, at the time CSB moved for permanent custody, both children had been in the 

temporary custody of SCJFS or CSB for over 16 months of a consecutive 22-month period. 

Mother does not dispute that finding.

{¶15} Next, the trial court found that permanent custody was in the best interest of the 

children. Although Mother asserts that permanent custody was not in the children’s best interest, 

she does not propose an alternative disposition that she believes was in their best interest. In the 

trial court, Mother essentially conceded that she was not prepared to provide the children with a 

suitable home, as she did not request a return of custody and did not testify on her own behalf. By 

the time of the hearing, the case had been pending for almost two years and the trial court lacked 
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authority to extend temporary custody any longer. See R.C. 2151.353(G). Through her trial 

counsel, Mother asked the trial court to place the children in the legal custody of Grandmother, 

but she does not raise that argument on appeal. 

{¶16} This Court will focus its review on whether the trial court’s decision that permanent 

custody was in the best interest of the children was against the manifest weight of the evidence. 

When reviewing the trial court’s best interest determination, this Court focuses primarily on the 

specific factors set forth in R.C. 2151.414(D). In re M.S., 9th Dist. Summit Nos. 30506 and 30515, 

2023-Ohio-1558, ¶ 25. In making its best interest determination, the trial court was required to 

consider the statutory best interest factors, which include: the interaction and interrelationships of 

the children, their wishes, the custodial history of the children, their need for permanence and 

whether that can be achieved without a grant of permanent custody, and whether any of the factors 

outlined in R.C. 2151.414(E)(7)-(11) apply. R.C. 2151.414(D)(1)(a)-(e); see In re R.G., 9th Dist. 

Summit Nos. 24834 and 24850, 2009-Ohio-6284, ¶ 11. None of the R.C. 2151.414(E)(7)-(11) 

factors apply in this case. 

{¶17} The first best interest factor is the interaction and interrelationship of the children 

with their parents, relatives, caregivers, and significant other people in their lives. R.C. 

2151.414(D)(1)(a). Mother was scheduled to have weekly visits with the children at the visitation 

center. CSB once attempted to hold a visit between Mother and the children in the community, 

but Mother did not attend the visit. CSB had also encouraged Mother to attend the children’s 

medical appointments, as they were in the process of obtaining diagnoses and treatment for their 

apparent developmental delays and V.L. had also been diagnosed with asthma. Mother did not 

attend any of the children’s medical appointments, even though C.S. had offered to drive her to 

and from the appointments. 
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{¶18} When Mother visited the children at the visitation center, she often brought 

Grandmother with her. Rather than engaging in one-on-one time with the young children, Mother 

and Grandmother typically handed them their cell phones and allowed them to play with them for 

approximately 30 minutes of each weekly, two-hour visit. Because of Mother’s limited interaction 

with the children and from what they had observed during the visits, witnesses opined that Mother 

and the children were not closely bonded. There was also testimony that the children sometimes 

expressed reluctance about visiting with Mother. 

{¶19} Moreover, Mother’s visits were always supervised or monitored by CSB personnel 

because of concerns about her untreated mental health problems. Mother had not engaged in 

ongoing counseling or any medication management during this case. The caseworker, C.S., and 

the guardian ad litem all testified that Mother was typically hostile and aggressive toward them 

during this case. They each observed times when, for no apparent reason, Mother became angry 

and began yelling at them. C.S., who had been Mother’s friend before this case began, had 

attempted to work with Mother to involve her in the children’s medical appointments and to see 

them more often, but Mother refused to cooperate with her. By the time of the hearing, Mother’s 

behavior toward C.S. had become so threatening and volatile that C.S. refused to communicate 

directly with Mother anymore. 

{¶20} The children, on the other hand, had achieved stability while living in the same 

home throughout this case. Their needs were being met and they had developed a close bond with 

each other and with their caregiver, C.S. The children were comfortable in her home, where they 

had spent more than half of their young lives. The caseworker commended C.S. for being 

proactive in addressing the medical and developmental needs of both children. C.S. had expressed 

a willingness to adopt both children if CSB received permanent custody.
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{¶21} The children were both under the age of five at the time of the hearing, so the 

guardian ad litem spoke on their behalf. She opined that permanent custody was in their best 

interest because Mother had not worked on the reunification goals of the case plan, had difficulty 

getting along with everyone involved in the case because of untreated mental health problems, and 

had made little effort to develop a bond with her young children. 

{¶22} I.B. and V.L. had been in the temporary custody of SCJFS and CSB for most of 

their young lives and needed legally secure permanent placements. At the time of the hearing, 

Mother did not dispute that she was not prepared to provide her children with a safe and stable 

permanent home. Although she was employed, she had failed to obtain suitable housing and had 

not complied with the mental health component of the case plan. CSB had found no suitable 

relatives who were willing and able to provide the children with a safe and stable home. Mother 

had proposed that Grandmother receive legal custody of the children, but the trial court rejected 

Grandmother as a potential custodian because she had her own lengthy history with CSB, and 

lacked a suitable home because it was not clean and she had numerous people living there, 

including Mother, who had not been approved by CSB. 

{¶23} The trial court reasonably concluded that a legally secure permanent placement 

would be achieved by placing I.B. and V.L. in the permanent custody of CSB. The trial court did 

not lose its way by concluding that it was in the best interest of these children to terminate Mother’s 

parental rights. See Eastley at ¶ 20. Mother’s assignment of error is overruled. 

III.

{¶24} Mother’s assignment of error is overruled. The judgment of the Summit County 

Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, is affirmed.

Judgment affirmed.
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There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common 

Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy 

of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.

Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of 

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the period 

for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is instructed to 

mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the mailing in the 

docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.

Costs taxed to Appellant.

BETTY SUTTON

FOR THE COURT

STEVENSON, P.J.

CARR, J.

CONCUR.

APPEARANCES:

ADAM M. VANHO, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.

ELLIOT KOLKOVICH, Prosecuting Attorney, and MARRETT WILLIS HANNA, Assistant 

Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.

OLIVIA PENCE, Guardian ad Litem.