United States Department of Labor

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

__________________________________________

J.B., Appellant

and

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, U.S. ARMY 

CORPS OF ENGINEERS, Memphis, TN, 

Employer

__________________________________________

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Docket No. 17-1610

Issued: February 22, 2018

Appearances: Case Submitted on the Record

Appellant, pro se

Office of Solicitor, for the Director

DECISION AND ORDER

Before:

PATRICIA H. FITZGERALD, Deputy Chief Judge

ALEC J. KOROMILAS, Alternate Judge

VALERIE D. EVANS-HARRELL, Alternate Judge

JURISDICTION

On July 19, 2017 appellant filed a timely appeal from a June 9, 2017 merit decision of the 

Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs (OWCP). Pursuant to the Federal Employees’

Compensation Act1(FECA) and 20 C.F.R. §§ 501.2(c) and 501.3, the Board has jurisdiction over 

the merits of this case.

ISSUE

The issue is whether appellant met his burden of proof to establish permanent impairment 

due to his accepted right thumb condition, warranting a schedule award.

FACTUAL HISTORY

On December 15, 2015 appellant, then a 40-year-old metal worker/welder, filed a 

traumatic injury claim (Form CA-1) alleging that, on November 24, 2015, he sustained a 

 

1 5 U.S.C. § 8101 et seq.
2

fracture and laceration of his right thumb at work. He explained that, when he was using an 

eight-pound sledge hammer to drive a line-up pin out of a ladder, the hammer glanced off the pin 

and collided with his right thumb. Appellant stopped work on November 24, 2015 and returned 

on December 3, 2015 in a light-duty job without wage loss.

2

Appellant received medical treatment for his right thumb condition from Dr. James H.

Calandruccio, an attending Board-certified orthopedic surgeon, at the Campbell Clinic the day 

after the accident at work and, in a November 25, 2015 report, he noted that appellant’s right 

thumb had been sutured the prior day at another Campbell Clinic location. Dr. Calandruccio 

indicated that appellant would be given an Orthoplast hand splint to protect the thumb and that 

the sutures would be removed in a week. He noted that x-rays of the right thumb showed a 

comminuted fracture of the distal phalanx without significant articular components. 

In a February 17, 2016 report, Dr. Calandruccio advised that appellant continued to 

complain of right thumb symptoms, including restricted motion, loss of sensation, and marked 

sensitivity at the end of the deformed thumbnail. The physical examination of appellant’s right 

thumb on that date revealed that he had an abnormal nail with approximately 20 percent new nail 

formation, loss of sensation about the radial aspect of the thumb, and interphangeal joint motion 

from 0 to approximately 30 degrees. Dr. Calandruccio noted that recent x-rays showed further 

consolidation of the right distal phalanx fracture and indicated that at some point appellant might

need a nail plate procedure.

On March 18, 2016 OWCP accepted that appellant sustained a closed displaced fracture 

of the distal phalanx of the thumb.3

On March 28, 2016 appellant filed a claim for a schedule award (Form CA-7). He 

submitted a March 7, 2016 report, in which Dr. Calandruccio indicated that he was providing a

permanent impairment rating under the standards of the sixth edition of the American Medical 

Association, Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (6

th ed. 2009) (A.M.A., Guides). 

Dr. Calandruccio noted that, under Table 15-2 on page 393, appellant had six percent permanent

impairment of his right thumb due to his distal phalanx fracture, which converted to two percent 

permanent impairment of his right hand, two percent permanent impairment of his right upper 

extremity, and one percent permanent impairment of the whole person. Under Table 15-16 on 

page 427, the radial nerve sensory loss of appellant’s right thumb equaled 20 percent permanent 

impairment of his right thumb, which converted to 8 percent permanent impairment of his right 

hand, 7 percent permanent impairment of his right upper extremity, and 4 percent whole person 

permanent impairment. Dr. Calandruccio indicated that the combined total of appellant’s whole 

person impairment was five percent. 

In a May 22, 2016 report, Dr. Morley Slutsky, a Board-certified occupational medicine 

physician serving as an OWCP medical adviser, noted that he had reviewed all the medical 

evidence of record, including the March 7, 2016 impairment rating report of Dr. Calandruccio. 

He indicated that, in this report, Dr. Calandruccio provided final permanent impairment numbers 

 

2 Appellant used leave to cover his absence and did not apply for or receive wage-loss compensation. 

3 OWCP mistakenly indicated that the injury was to the left thumb, rather than appellant’s right thumb. 
3

without providing physical examination findings or impairment rating calculations. Dr. Slutsky 

advised that a November 25, 2015 report of Dr. Calandruccio indicated that appellant required 

further treatment for his right thumb condition. He requested that he be provided with a medical 

report of a physical examination, conducted between November 25, 2015 and March 29, 2016, 

which showed that appellant had reached maximum medical improvement (MMI) with respect to 

his right thumb condition. Dr. Slutsky indicated that, if such a report was unavailable, then 

appellant should undergo a second opinion examination with an orthopedic surgeon who would 

apply the standards of the sixth edition of the A.M.A., Guides. 

In a June 3, 2016 letter, OWCP requested that Dr. Calandruccio indicate whether 

appellant reached MMI with respect to his right thumb condition and, if he had, to provide the 

date he reached MMI and to explain the reasoning for his opinion on MMI. It also asked

Dr. Calandruccio to provide an opinion on permanent impairment under the standards of the 

sixth edition of the A.M.A., Guides which included a detailed description of the findings upon 

which the impairment rating was based. 

On June 24, 2016 OWCP received Dr. Calandruccio’s handwritten notations on its 

June 3, 2017 letter. Dr. Calandruccio indicated that appellant had reached MMI on February 7, 

2016 and that he had five percent whole person impairment based on distal radius fracture, loss 

of motion, and radial nerve loss.

4

OWCP referred appellant for a second opinion examination with Dr. James Galyon, a 

Board-certified orthopedic surgeon, and requested that he provide an opinion on appellant’s 

permanent impairment under the standards of the sixth edition of the A.M.A., Guides. 

In an August 17, 2016 report, Dr. Galyon described appellant’s history of injury and prior 

medical treatment, and detailed his findings of the physical examination he conducted on that 

date. He reported that the sutures in appellant’s right thumb were removed approximately eight 

days after they were applied on November 24, 2015 and that appellant wore a splint for four-tosix weeks after his accident. Appellant had worked continuously since December 2015, although 

at times with difficulty. Dr. Galyon indicated that, upon physical examination, appellant 

exhibited loss of sensation in the distal phalanx of his right thumb associated with the radial 

nerve. At the interphalangeal joint of his right thumb, appellant could flex to 45 degrees, 

whereas he could flex the interphalangeal joint of his uninjured left thumb to 90 degrees. His

pinch strength between thumb and index finger was 15 pounds in the right hand, whereas his 

pinch strength in his left hand was 120 pounds.5 With respect to MMI of the right thumb 

condition, Dr. Galyon indicated that appellant had achieved all of the recovery that he was going 

to have. He believed that the observed nerve injury, which was 10 months old and resulted in 

appellant’s right thumb only lacing two or three centimeters to reach its terminal end, would not 

improve any further. 

 

4 Dr. Calandruccio indicated that reference should be made to his dictation, but he did not indicate to which 

dictation he referred.

5 Appellant’s grip strength in his right hand was 85 pounds, whereas his grip strength in his left hand was 130 

pounds. 
4

With respect to permanent impairment, Dr. Galyon indicated that, under Table 15-16 on 

page 427 of the sixth edition of the A.M.A., Guides, appellant had 10 percent permanent 

impairment of his right thumb due to the loss of sensation in the distal phalanx of the thumb 

(associated with the radial nerve). He also found that appellant had further permanent 

impairment of his right thumb due to loss of thumb strength (associated with the radial nerve).6 

Dr. Galyon indicated that, under Table 15-30 on page 468, appellant had 28 percent permanent 

impairment of his right thumb due to range of motion (ROM) deficits associated with that thumb. 

He found that appellant had total permanent impairment of his right thumb of 48 percent. 

Dr. Galyon advised, that using Table 15-11 beginning on page 421, the 48 percent permanent 

impairment of appellant’s right thumb converted to 19 percent permanent impairment of his right 

hand and 17 percent permanent impairment of his right upper extremity due to his right thumb 

condition. He further indicated that he did not believe that surgical reconstruction repair of 

appellant’s right thumb was possible. 

OWCP requested that Dr. Slutsky again serve in his capacity as an OWCP medical 

adviser and review Dr. Galyon’s August 17, 2016 report. 

In a report dated October 26, 2016, Dr. Slutsky indicated that appellant had reached MMI 

with respect to his right thumb condition on August 17, 2016, the date of Dr. Galyon’s 

examination. He noted that appellant’s accepted right thumb condition had stabilized at that 

time, with no further treatment planned and no expectation of significant change in the condition. 

Dr. Slutsky provided calculations for his opinion that appellant had four percent permanent 

impairment of his right thumb under the sixth edition of the A.M.A., Guides. He indicated that, 

using the diagnosis-based impairment (DBI) rating method of Table 15-2 (Digit Regional Grid) 

beginning on page 391, appellant had a default value of four percent permanent impairment of 

his right upper extremity due to his most-impairing diagnosed of right distal phalanx fracture 

(class 1). Dr. Slutsky found that appellant had a functional history grade modifier of 1, physical 

examination grade modifier of 1, and clinical studies grade modifier of 1, and noted that 

application of the Net Adjustment Formula meant that there was no movement from the default 

value of four percent on Table 15-2. Therefore, appellant had total permanent impairment of his 

right upper extremity of four percent. Dr. Slutsky noted that Dr. Galyon found that appellant had 

48 percent permanent impairment of his right thumb (converted to 17 percent permanent 

impairment of his right upper extremity) through his application of the sixth edition of the 

A.M.A., Guides. He indicated that his rating impairment differed from that of Dr. Galyon

because Dr. Galyon used the ROM impairment rating method, rather than the preferred DBI

rating method that he used. 

OWCP determined that there was a conflict in the medical opinion evidence between the 

OWCP referral physician, Dr. Galyon, and OWCP’s medical adviser, Dr. Slutksy, regarding the 

extent of appellant’s permanent impairment. It referred appellant to Dr. Rommel G. Childress, a 

Board-certified orthopedic surgeon, for an impartial medical examination and opinion on the 

matter.

 

6 Dr. Galyon did not provide a specific figure for the extent of this permanent impairment.
5

In a January 20, 2017 report, Dr. Childress discussed appellant’s factual and medical 

histories and detailed the findings of the physical examination he conducted on that date. He 

indicated that appellant reported that he continued to work, but that he sometimes had to modify 

his work methods due to the change in his right-hand grip. Dr. Childress noted that, upon 

physical examination of the right thumb, appellant exhibited lessened sensation in his right 

thumb, hypersensitivity to pressure over the distal phalanx and metacarpophalangeal joint (which 

was mildly swollen), and restricted flexion motion of the interphalangeal joint of his right thumb. 

Appellant’s grip strength was “good minus” on the right and “good plus” on the left. 

Dr. Childress diagnosed crush injury to the right thumb (with open fracture of distal phalanx), 

loss of nail with regrowth of new nail, hypersensitivity of the right thumb (with neuropathic type 

pain), and rule out neuroma/minor causalgia (regional pain syndrome). 

Dr. Childress further noted that appellant had an active issue with his right thumb that 

made unrestricted activities somewhat of a concern when handling very heavy weights and 

working at heights. He indicated that appellant had not reached MMI and felt that he had 

developed or was developing a symptomatic “neuroma-type situation.” Dr. Childress believed 

that appellant needed active management by an attending physician to see if any intervention 

would be needed regarding ongoing treatment and work safety issues. He recommended that an 

attending physician conduct further examination and testing to see if appellant had a diagnosis of 

neuroma. If appellant were confirmed to have a diagnosis of neuroma by an attending hand 

surgeon, then any appropriate intervention should be determined by the hand surgeon. 

Dr. Childress indicated that, after such treatment was carried out and reasonable functioning was 

obtained, the date of MMI and permanent impairment could be assigned.

In a June 9, 2017 decision, OWCP denied appellant’s claim for a schedule award due to 

his accepted right thumb injury. It found that the evidence did not show that he had permanent 

impairment of a scheduled member because the weight of the medical evidence rested with the 

January 20, 2017 report of the impartial medical specialist, Dr. Childress, who found that 

appellant had not reached MMI with respect to his right thumb. OWCP indicated that permanent 

impairment could not be assessed until appellant reached MMI with respect to his right thumb. 

LEGAL PRECEDENT

Section 8149 of FECA delegates to the Secretary of Labor the authority to prescribe rules 

and regulations for the administration and enforcement of FECA. The Secretary of Labor has 

vested the authority to implement FECA program with the Director of OWCP.

7

 Section 8107 of 

FECA sets forth the number of weeks of compensation to be paid for the permanent loss of use 

of specified members, functions, and organs of the body.8 It, however, does not specify the 

manner by which the percentage loss of a member, function, or organ shall be determined. To 

ensure consistent results and equal justice under the law, good administrative practice requires 

 

7 See 20 C.F.R. §§ 1.1-1.4.

8 For a complete loss of use of an arm, an employee shall receive 312 weeks’ compensation. 5 U.S.C. 

§ 8107(c)(1).
6

the use of uniform standards applicable to all claimants. Through its implementing regulations, 

OWCP adopted the A.M.A., Guides as the appropriate standard for evaluating schedule losses.9 

The sixth edition of the A.M.A., Guides was first printed in 2008. Within months of the 

initial printing, the A.M.A., issued a 52-page document entitled “Clarifications and Corrections, 

Sixth Edition, Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment.” The document included 

various changes to the original text, intended to serve as an erratum/supplement to the first 

printing of the A.M.A., Guides. In April 2009, these changes were formally incorporated into 

the second printing of the sixth edition. 

As of May 1, 2009, schedule awards are determined in accordance with the sixth edition 

of the A.M.A., Guides (2009).10 The Board has approved the use by OWCP of the A.M.A., 

Guides for the purpose of determining the percentage loss of use of a member of the body for 

schedule award purposes.11

Permanent impairment may only be rated according to the A.M.A., Guides and only after 

MMI has been achieved.12 Under the A.M.A., Guides, impairment should not be considered 

permanent until a reasonable time has passed for the healing or recovery to occur and this will 

depend on the nature of underlying pathology, as the optimal duration for recovery may vary 

considerably from days to months. The clinical findings must indicate that the medical condition 

is static and well stabilized for the person to have reached MMI.13 A preliminary element for 

considering a schedule award is establishing that the claimant has attained MMI.14 MMI refers 

to a date from which further recovery or deterioration is not anticipated, although over time there 

may be some expected change. Once impairment has reached MMI, a permanent impairment 

rating may be performed.15 The determination of the date of MMI is factual in nature and 

depends primarily on the medical evidence.16 The date of MMI is usually considered to be the 

date of the medical examination that determined the extent of the impairment.17

 

9 20 C.F.R. § 10.404. See also, Ronald R. Kraynak, 53 ECAB 130 (2001).

10 See Federal (FECA) Procedure Manual, Part 3 -- Medical, Schedule Awards, Chapter 3.700, Exhibit 1 

(January 2010); Federal (FECA) Procedure Manual, Part 2 -- Claims, Schedule Awards and Permanent Disability 

Claims, Chapter 2.808.5a (February 2013).

11 Isidoro Rivera, 12 ECAB 348 (1961).

12 A.M.A., Guides 24 (6th ed. 2009); see Orlando Vivens, 42 ECAB 303 (1991) (a schedule award is not payable 

until MMI -- meaning that the physical condition of the injured member of the body has stabilized and will not 

improve further -- has been reached).

13 A.M.A., Guides 24.

14 See J.D., Docket No. 12-0481 (issued November 17, 2012).

15 See A.M.A., Guides 20, Table 2-1 (6th ed. 2009); B.C., Docket No. 16-1061 (issued November 8, 2016).

16 J.B., Docket No. 11-1469 (issued February 14, 2012); Franklin L. Armfield, 28 ECAB 445 (1977).

17 Supra note 10 at Chapter 3.700.3.a (January 2010); see Richard Larry Enders, 48 ECAB 184 (1996) (the date 

of MMI was the date of the audiologic examination used as the basis of the schedule award). 
7

ANALYSIS

The issue on appeal is whether appellant has permanent impairment due to his accepted 

right thumb condition, warranting a schedule award.

The Board finds that the case is not in posture for decision.

In a June 9, 2017 decision, OWCP denied appellant’s claim for a schedule award due to 

his accepted right thumb injury.18 Based on Dr. Childress’ January 20, 2017 opinion, it found 

that appellant had not reached MMI with respect to his accepted right thumb injury. 

FECA provides that if there is disagreement between an OWCP-designated physician and 

the employee’s physician, OWCP shall appoint a third physician who shall make an 

examination.19 For a conflict to arise the opposing physicians’ viewpoints must be of “virtually 

equal weight and rationale.”

20

 Where OWCP has referred the case to an impartial medical 

specialist to resolve a conflict in the medical evidence, the opinion of such a specialist, if 

sufficiently well-reasoned and based upon a proper factual background, must be given special 

weight.21 

The Board notes that OWCP improperly found that there was a conflict in the medical 

opinion evidence regarding appellant’s permanent impairment. In November 2016, OWCP had 

advised that it was declaring a conflict in the medical opinion evidence between the August 17, 

2016 report of Dr. Galyon, OWCP’s referral physician, and the October 26, 2016 report of

Dr. Slutsky, OWCP’s referral physician. However, under FECA, a conflict in the medical 

opinion evidence may only be declared between an OWCP-designated physician and the 

employee’s physician. There is no provision for finding a conflict in the medical opinion 

evidence between two OWCP-designated physicians.22

The Board notes that there was no probative report of an attending physician which could 

have created a conflict in the medical opinion evidence with either the August 17, 2016 report of

Dr. Galyon or the October 26, 2016 report of Dr. Slutsky. In a March 7, 2016 report,

Dr. Calandruccio provided a permanent impairment rating for appellant’s right thumb (converted 

to right hand, right upper extremity, and whole person impairments) without discussing physical 

examination findings or explaining how the impairment rating calculations were conducted. In 

undated notations received on June 24, 2016, he indicated, without elaboration, that appellant 

had five percent permanent impairment of his whole person due to his right distal radius fracture, 

loss of motion, and radial nerve loss. The Board notes that a schedule award is not payable under 

 

18 OWCP accepted that on November 24, 2015 appellant sustained a displaced fracture of the distal phalanx of his 

right thumb. In March 2016, appellant filed a claim for compensation seeking a schedule award due to his accepted 

right thumb injury.

19 5 U.S.C. § 8123(a); Shirley L. Steib, 46 ECAB 309, 317 (1994).

20 Darlene R. Kennedy, 57 ECAB 414, 416 (2006).

21 Gary R. Sieber, 46 ECAB 215, 225 (1994).

22 See supra notes 18 and 19.
8

section 8107 of FECA for an impairment of the whole person.23 Dr. Calandruccio’s reports are of 

limited probative value with respect to appellant’s permanent impairment because he did not 

adequately explain how his impairment ratings were derived under the standards of the sixth 

edition of the A.M.A., Guides.

24

Due to the lack of a conflict in the medical opinion evidence, Dr. Childress would be 

considered an OWCP referral physician.25 As such, his report would not be given special weight 

with respect to the matter of MMI based on impartial medical specialist status.26 Although

Dr. Childress provided an opinion on January 20, 2017 that appellant had not reached MMI with 

respect to his right thumb condition,

27 the Board notes that the record contains two 

contemporaneous reports finding that appellant had, in fact, reached MMI. In his August 17, 

2016 report, Dr. Galyon determined that appellant had reached MMI with respect to his right 

thumb condition by the date of his impairment rating examination, i.e., August 17, 2016.28 In his 

October 26, 2016 report, Dr. Slutsky also found that appellant had reached MMI by 

August 17, 2016.29 The Board has held that determination of the date of MMI depends primarily 

on the medical evidence.30 Herein, the Board finds that the medical evidence of record supports 

that appellant had reached MMI as of August 17, 2016.

The Board notes that the two most comprehensive impairment evaluations of record 

present differing methods of evaluating permanent impairment, one that incorporated the ROM 

impairment rating method and another that solely relied on the DBI rating method. In his

August 17, 2016 report, Dr. Galyon opined that appellant had 48 percent permanent impairment 

of his right thumb (which converted to 17 percent permanent impairment of his right upper 

extremity) due to ROM, sensory, and strength deficits. In his October 26, 2016 report,

Dr. Slutsky posited that appellant had four percent permanent impairment of his right upper 

extremity due to the most-impairing diagnosed condition of distal phalanx fracture.

 

23 See Gordon G. McNeill, 42 ECAB 140, 145 (1990).

24 See James Kennedy, Jr., 40 ECAB 620, 626 (1989) (finding that an opinion which is not based upon the 

standards adopted by OWCP and approved by the Board as appropriate for evaluating schedule losses is of little 

probative value in determining the extent of a claimant’s permanent impairment).

25 See e.g., L.Y., Docket No. 16-0012 (issued May 17, 2016) (where an impartial medical specialist was converted 

to an OWCP referral physician due to the lack of a conflict in the medical opinion evidence).

26 See supra note 20.

27 Dr. Childress indicated that appellant had not reached MMI with respect to his right thumb condition and felt 

that he had developed or was developing a symptomatic “neuroma-type situation.” He indicated that an attending 

physician should evaluate whether appellant did, in fact, have a neuroma of his right thumb.

28 Dr. Galyon noted that appellant had achieved all of the recovery of his right thumb condition that he was going 

to have. He believed that the observed nerve injury, which was 10 months old and resulted in appellant’s right 

thumb only lacking two or three centimeters to reach its terminal end, would not improve any further.

29 Dr. Slutsky indicated that appellant had reached MMI with respect to his right thumb condition on August 17, 

2016, the date of Dr. Galyon’s examination. He noted that appellant’s accepted right thumb condition had stabilized 

at that time, with no further treatment planned and no expectation of significant change in the condition. 

30 See supra note 15.
9

The Board has found that OWCP has inconsistently applied Chapter 15 of the sixth 

edition of the A.M.A., Guides when granting schedule awards for upper extremity claims. No 

consistent interpretation had been followed regarding the proper use of the DBI or the ROM 

methodology when assessing the extent of permanent impairment for schedule award purposes.31 

The purpose of the use of uniform standards is to ensure consistent results and to ensure equal 

justice under the law to all claimants.32 In T.H., the Board concluded that OWCP physicians 

were at odds over the proper methodology for rating upper extremity impairment, having 

observed attending physicians, evaluating physicians, second opinion physicians, impartial 

medical examiners, and district medical advisers use both DBI and ROM methodologies 

interchangeably without any consistent basis. Furthermore, the Board observed that physicians 

interchangeably cited to language in the first printing or the second printing when justifying use 

of either ROM or DBI methodology. Because OWCP’s own physicians were inconsistent in the 

application of the A.M.A., Guides, the Board found that OWCP could no longer ensure 

consistent results and equal justice under the law for all claimants.33

In order to ensure a consistent result and equal justice under the law for cases involving 

upper extremity impairment, the Board will set aside the June 9, 2017 decision. Utilizing a 

consistent method for calculating permanent impairment for upper extremities applied uniformly, 

and after such other development as may be deemed necessary, OWCP shall issue a de novo

decision on appellant’s claim for an upper extremity schedule award.34

CONCLUSION

The Board finds that the case is not in posture for decision.

 

31 T.H., Docket No. 14-0943 (issued November 25, 2016).

32 Ausbon N. Johnson, 50 ECAB 304, 311 (1999).

33 Supra note 31.

34 See FECA Bulletin No. 17-06 (May 8, 2017).
10

ORDER

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT the June 9, 2017 decision of the Office of Workers’

Compensation Programs is set aside, and the case is remanded to OWCP for further action 

consistent with this decision.

Issued: February 22, 2018

Washington, DC

Patricia H. Fitzgerald, Deputy Chief Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

Alec J. Koromilas, Alternate Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

Valerie D. Evans-Harrell, Alternate Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board