United States Department of Labor

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

__________________________________________

K.O., Appellant

and

U.S. POSTAL SERVICE, MANAGER 

SPRINGFIELD SOUTHWEST CARRIER 

ANNEX, Springfield, MO, Employer

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Docket No. 17-1280

Issued: November 21, 2017

Appearances: Case Submitted on the Record

Alan J. Shapiro, Esq., for the appellant1

Office of Solicitor, for the Director

DECISION AND ORDER

Before:

COLLEEN DUFFY KIKO, Judge

ALEC J. KOROMILAS, Alternate Judge

VALERIE D. EVANS-HARRELL, Alternate Judge

JURISDICTION

On May 23, 2017 appellant, through counsel, filed a timely appeal from a March 20, 

2017 merit decision of the Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs (OWCP). Pursuant to 

the Federal Employees’ Compensation Act2(FECA) and 20 C.F.R. §§ 501.2(c) and 501.3, the 

Board has jurisdiction over the merits of this case.

 

1

In all cases in which a representative has been authorized in a matter before the Board, no claim for a fee for 

legal or other service performed on appeal before the Board is valid unless approved by the Board. 20 C.F.R. 

§ 501.9(e). No contract for a stipulated fee or on a contingent fee basis will be approved by the Board. Id. An 

attorney or representative’s collection of a fee without the Board’s approval may constitute a misdemeanor, subject 

to fine or imprisonment for up to one year or both. Id.; see also 18 U.S.C. § 292. Demands for payment of fees to a 

representative, prior to approval by the Board, may be reported to appropriate authorities for investigation.

2

5 U.S.C. § 8101 et seq.
2

ISSUE

The issue is whether appellant met her burden of proof to establish a right shoulder injury

causally related to factors of her federal employment.

FACTUAL HISTORY

On January 25, 2016 appellant, then a 53-year-old rural carrier, filed an occupational 

disease claim (Form CA-2) alleging that she sustained an injury caused or aggravated by 

repetitive motion at work. She became aware of her condition and realized its relationship to her 

employment on December 21, 2015. 

In a January 26, 2016 letter, appellant contended that since December 2011 she felt dull 

pain in her right shoulder. She related that aspirin and rest made her condition bearable. 

Appellant claimed that she had right shoulder pain all day on December 21, 2015. She related

that her pain worsened after completing her job duties. After arriving at home that evening,

appellant’s pain was so excruciating that she went to an emergency room. She asserted that the 

motion required in her work caused her pain to worsen and to become chronic. Appellant further 

asserted that this motion also caused bursitis in her right rotator cuff.

Appellant submitted a December 26, 2015 letter from Jesse A. Larbey, a physician 

assistant. Mr. Larbey noted that appellant was seen on that day and requested that she be 

excused through December 31, 2015. Appellant also submitted a December 28, 2015 

work/school excuse with an illegible signature. The excuse note indicated that appellant may 

return to work on December 28, 2015 and should perform light duties until December 29, 2015. 

In a December 30, 2015 letter, R. David Hunziger, a nurse practitioner, noted that appellant was 

seen on that day and requested that she be excused from work through January 8, 2016. On

December 31, 2015 he advised her that a radiologist identified calcification in the area of the 

deltoid bursa and deltoid muscle. Mr. Hunziger related that this was not likely from an acute 

injury. He recommended follow-up with her physicians. OWCP also received an unsigned 

record indicating that appellant underwent therapy.

In a January 7, 2016 letter, Dr. Kurt Bravata, an attending Board-certified family 

practitioner, noted that appellant was seen on that day for right shoulder pain. He requested that 

she be excused from work from January 9 to 14, 2016. In a January 14, 2016 letter, Dr. Bravata 

released appellant to return to full-duty work with no restrictions. An unsigned report dated 

January 14, 2016 from Parkview Orthopedic Clinic indicated that appellant was seen on 

January 12, 2016.

By letter dated March 14, 2016, OWCP informed appellant of the deficiencies of her 

claim and requested that she submit additional medical evidence and respond to its inquiries

within 30 days. 

In a March 31, 2016 letter, appellant attributed her damaged rotator cuff to repetitive 

motion at work. She cased mail which involved reaching upward to put pieces of mail into 

designated slots over many hours. Appellant sorted and delivered mail which required a lot of 

reaching, twisting, bending, and stretching. She reiterated the history of her claimed right 
3

shoulder injury and treatment on December 21, 2015. Appellant noted her continuing right 

shoulder symptoms.

Appellant submitted a March 30, 2016 report from Dr. Bravata in which he advised that 

appellant first complained of right shoulder pain during a visit with Mr. Hunziger on 

December 30, 2015. Dr. Bravata indicated that he saw her on January 7, 2016 for the same 

issue. He had referred appellant to Dr. Juris P. Simanis, a family practitioner, who saw her on 

January 12, 2016 and diagnosed predominant right shoulder rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy, 

bilateral subacromial impingement, and bilateral scapular dysfunction with secondary bilateral 

shoulder bursitis and right proximal biceps tendinopathy. Dr. Bravata maintained that this

diagnosis was typically seen with chronic repetitive overuse of an extremity and, hence, advised 

that it could easily be work related.

By decision dated May 9, 2016, OWCP denied appellant’s occupational disease claim. It 

found that the medical evidence did not contain a physician’s rationalized opinion, supported by 

a medical explanation, as to how the established employment factors caused, contributed to, or 

aggravated her right shoulder condition.

In a letter dated June 6, 2016 and received on June 10, 2016, appellant, through counsel, 

requested a telephone hearing with an OWCP hearing representative. 

Appellant submitted the January 12, 2016 clinic progress note from Dr. Simanis. 

Dr. Simanis noted a history of appellant having right shoulder pain for five years. He reviewed 

medical records and reported findings on physical examination. Dr. Simanis advised that 

appellant’s complaint, physical examination, and radiological tests were most consistent with a 

diagnosis of predominant right shoulder rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy, bilateral subacromial 

impingement, and bilateral scapular dysfunction with secondary bilateral shoulder bursitis and 

right proximal biceps tendinopathy. 

Appellant also submitted a January 30, 2017 report from Dr. Bravata. Dr. Bravata noted

a history of appellant’s right shoulder injury and noted that appellant had described her work 

duties, which included being on a workroom floor three to four hours while preparing her daily 

route. Appellant also noted casing mail and sorting mail overhead, which included bending, 

stretching, reaching, and lifting. She was required to reach to the side or below her waist for 

three to four hours and to perform these same movements while delivering mail for the same 

amount of hours. Appellant had one of the longest routes which she delivered to about 1,000 

addresses and had performed these job duties for 15 years. She experienced pain and sore arms 

and muscles for five years. Dr. Bravata reiterated Dr. Simanis’ diagnoses of predominant right 

shoulder rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy, bilateral subacromial impingement, and bilateral 

scapular dysfunction with secondary bilateral shoulder bursitis and right proximal biceps 

tendinopathy. He opined that it seemed likely that appellant’s symptoms were the result of a 

work-related injury through repetitive movement and recurrent physical strain demanded by her 

job requirements.

By decision dated March 20, 2017, an OWCP hearing representative affirmed the May 9, 

2016 decision. He found that Dr. Bravata’s January 30, 2017 opinion was speculative and 

insufficient to establish causal relationship.
4

LEGAL PRECEDENT

An employee seeking benefits under FECA has the burden of proof to establish the 

essential elements of his or her claim, including the fact that the individual is an employee of the 

United States within the meaning of FECA, that the claim was filed within the applicable time 

limitation, that an injury was sustained while in the performance of duty as alleged, and that any 

disability and/or specific condition for which compensation is claimed are causally related to the 

employment injury.3 These are the essential elements of each and every compensation claim 

regardless of whether the claim is predicated on a traumatic injury or an occupational disease.4

To establish that an injury was sustained in the performance of duty in an occupational 

disease claim, a claimant must submit the following: (1) medical evidence establishing the 

presence or existence of the disease or condition for which compensation is claimed; (2) a factual 

statement identifying employment factors alleged to have caused or contributed to the presence 

or occurrence of the disease or condition; and (3) medical evidence establishing that the 

employment factors identified by the claimant were the proximate cause of the condition for 

which compensation is claimed or, stated differently, medical evidence establishing that the 

diagnosed condition is causally related to the employment factors identified by the claimant.5

The medical evidence required to establish a causal relationship is rationalized medical 

opinion evidence. The opinion of the physician must be based on a complete factual and medical 

background of the employee, must be one of reasonable certainty, and must be supported by 

medical rationale explaining the nature of the relationship between the diagnosed condition and 

the specific employment factors identified by the employee.6 

ANALYSIS

OWCP accepted as factual that appellant performed repetitive work duties of a rural

carrier, which involved casing, sorting, and delivering mail. The Board finds, however, that the 

medical evidence of record is insufficient to establish that she sustained a right shoulder injury

caused or aggravated by the accepted work factors.

Dr. Bravata, in a March 30, 2016 report, Dr. Simanis’ diagnoses of predominant right 

shoulder rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy, bilateral subacromial impingement, and bilateral 

scapular dysfunction with secondary bilateral shoulder bursitis and right proximal biceps 

tendinopathy. He advised that, these diagnoses were typically seen with chronic repetitive 

overuse of an extremity and, therefore, concluded that they could easily be work related. While 

the opinion of a physician supporting causal relationship need not be one of absolute medical 

certainty, the opinion must not be speculative or equivocal. The opinion should be expressed in 

 

3 C.S., Docket No. 08-1585 (issued March 3, 2009); Elaine Pendleton, 40 ECAB 1143 (1989).

4

S.P., 59 ECAB 184 (2007); Victor J. Woodhams, 41 ECAB 345 (1989); Joe D. Cameron, 41 ECAB 153 (1989).

5

Id.

6

I.J., 59 ECAB 408 (2008); Victor J. Woodhams, supra note 4.
5

terms of a reasonable degree of medical certainty.7 The Board finds that Dr. Bravata’s opinion 

on causal relationship is speculative in nature and thus, is not entitled to probative value. 

Moreover, Dr. Bravata’s report is entitled to little probative value as he did not provide a 

probative, rationalized opinion regarding whether the accepted work factors caused a personal 

injury.8 He did not sufficiently explain how appellant could have sustained the diagnosed 

conditions due to casing, sorting, and delivering mail at work. For these reasons, the Board finds 

that Dr. Bravata’s report is insufficient to establish causal relationship. 

Likewise, Dr. Bravata’s January 30, 2017 report is insufficient to establish causal 

relationship. He noted appellant’s description of her accepted work factors and restated

Dr. Simanis’ condition of bilateral shoulder and right biceps and opined that it “seemed likely”

that appellant’s symptoms were the result of repetitive movement and recurrent physical strain 

demanded by her job requirements. Again, his opinion on causal relationship was expressed as 

speculative in nature, and therefore cannot establish causal relationship.9 In addition,

Dr. Bravata again failed to adequately explain how the established employment factors caused or 

contributed to the diagnosed conditions.10 The Board finds that Dr. Bravata failed to provide a 

clear and unequivocal opinion as to the cause of appellant’s diagnosed conditions. His 

remaining reports addressed appellant’s work capacity, but failed to provide a firm diagnosis of a 

particular medical condition,11 note a history of injury,12 or offer a specific opinion as to whether 

the established employment factors caused or aggravated appellant’s conditions and resultant 

disability.13

Dr. Simanis, in a January 12, 2016 clinic progress note, reviewed medical records and 

diagnostic test results. He examined appellant and as previously noted, diagnosed predominant 

right shoulder rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy, bilateral subacromial impingement, and bilateral 

scapular dysfunction with secondary bilateral shoulder bursitis and right proximal biceps 

tendinopathy. However, Dr. Simanis did not offer a medical opinion addressing whether the 

 

7

See T.H., Docket No. 15-311 (issued June 2, 2015) (physician’s opinion that employee’s injury was most likely 

attributable to work factors was considered speculative and insufficient to establish claim); Ricky E. Storms, 52 

ECAB 349 (2001) (medical opinions which are speculative or equivocal in character have little probative value).

8

See R.C., Docket No. 15-315 (issued May 4, 2015); Cecilia M. Corley, 56 ECAB 662 (2005) (where the Board 

found that a medical opinion not fortified by medical rationale is of little probative value).

9

Supra note 6.

10 Supra note 7.

11 See Deborah L. Beatty, 54 ECAB 340 (2003) (where the Board found that in the absence of a medical report 

providing a diagnosed condition and a reasoned opinion on causal relationship with the employment incident, 

appellant did not meet her burden of proof).

12 Frank Luis Rembisz, 52 ECAB 147 (2000) (medical opinions based on an incomplete history have little 

probative value).

13 C.B., Docket No. 09-2027 (issued May 12, 2010); J.F., Docket No. 09-1061 (issued November 17, 2009); A.D., 

58 ECAB 149 (2006) (medical evidence which does not offer any opinion regarding the cause of an employee’s 

condition is of limited probative value on the issue of causal relationship).
6

diagnosed conditions were causally related to the established work factors.14 As well the Board 

finds that Dr. Simanis’ progress note is insufficient to meet appellant’s burden of proof.

The reports signed by a nurse practitioner and a physician assistant have no probative 

value as a nurse practitioner and physician assistant are not considered physicians under FECA.15 

Additionally, the December 28, 2015 work/school excuse and a therapy report, which contained 

illegible signatures, and an unsigned report dated January 14, 2016 from Parkview Orthopedic 

Clinic are of no probative medical value. The Board has held that unsigned reports or ones that 

bear illegible signatures cannot be considered as probative medical evidence because they lack 

proper identification.16

Appellant’s belief that factors of employment caused or aggravated her condition is 

insufficient, by itself, to establish causal relationship.17 The issue of causal relationship is a 

medical one and must be resolved by probative medical opinion from a physician. The Board 

finds that there is insufficient medical evidence of record to establish that appellant’s right 

shoulder condition was caused or aggravated by the established employment factors. Appellant, 

therefore, did not meet her burden of proof.

On appeal, counsel generally contends that the clear and unambiguous meaning of a 

medical report of record shows causal relationship. He asserts that this report is not speculative 

or equivocal. As discussed above, however, Dr. Bravata’s reports failed to provide an 

unequivocal and rationalized medical opinion explaining how the established employment 

factors caused or contributed to appellant’s diagnosed bilateral shoulder and biceps conditions. 

Thus, the Board finds that this evidence fails to establish causal relationship.

Appellant may submit new evidence or argument with a written request for 

reconsideration to OWCP within one year of this merit decision, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. § 8128(a) 

and 20 C.F.R. §§ 10.605 through 10.607.

CONCLUSION

The Board finds that appellant has failed to meet her burden of proof to establish a right 

shoulder injury causally related to factors of her federal employment.

 

14 Id.

15 5 U.S.C. § 8101(2); D.C., Docket No. 16-1457 (issued May 18, 2017) (nurse practitioner); Allen C. Hundley, 

53 ECAB 551 (2002) (physician assistant).

16 R.M., 59 ECAB 690 (2008); D.D., 57 ECAB 734 (2006); Richard J. Charot, 43 ECAB 357 (1991).

17 20 C.F.R. § 10.115(e); Phillip L. Barnes, 55 ECAB 426, 440 (2004).
7

ORDER

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT the March 20, 2017 decision of the Office of 

Workers’ Compensation Programs is affirmed. 

Issued: November 21, 2017

Washington, DC

Colleen Duffy Kiko, Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

Alec J. Koromilas, Alternate Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board

Valerie D. Evans-Harrell, Alternate Judge

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board