# Patent

## Title
Method for transmitting data in a network

## Abstract

A method for transmitting data from a primary station to a secondary station, includes the primary station signaling to the secondary station that a data message is to be received, and at the primary station transmitting the data message. The time of transmission of the data message relative to the time of the signaling depends on a state of the secondary station.

## Background
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for transmitting data from a primary station to a secondary station, and to the radio stations associated.
This invention is, for example, relevant for mobile communication systems such as UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) or for other communication systems.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In a conventional mobile telecommunication system, like UMTS, the primary station like a base station (or NodeB) and the secondary stations, like the mobile stations communicate together by means of a plurality of channels. Mainly, when the primary station wishes to transmit data to a secondary station, the primary station signals to the considered secondary station that data will be transmitted, and in which block of physical resource this data has been allocated. A block of physical resource can be a time slot, and/or a frequency subcarrier, and/or a code.
In the UMTS Long Term Evolution (LTE), the downlink data can be transmitted on the Physical Downlink Shared Channels 10 (PDSCHs), illustrated on FIG. 1. Downlink time-frequency resources 12 containing a data transmission for a secondary station on the PDSCH are signalled by a signalling message on a control channel 11 (PDCCH—Physical Downlink Control Channel) transmitted immediately before the PDSCHs 10.
Consequently, each secondary station needs to buffer all the PDSCHs 10 across the full system bandwidth until it has decoded the PDCCH 11, in case there is some data for it on one of the PDSCHs 10. This is represented on FIG. 1 by interval T. As a consequence, each secondary station needs to keep its receiver switched on while it decodes the control channel PDCCH 11. This leads to an energy consumption and thus reduces the battery life of the secondary stations.
While this may not be a significant problem when continuous or high-rate data is being transmitted to a secondary station, it can result in significant unnecessary energy usage when the secondary station is not receiving data frequently, since it has to receive data that may be useless during the interval T in each subframe.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the invention to propose a method for reducing the energy consumption of the secondary station.
It is another object of the invention to permit to the secondary station to enter a state of Discontinuous Reception (DRX), where the receiver is switched off and on regularly.
Still another object of the invention is to enable a secondary station to switch off its receiver while it is decoding the signalling message.
To this end, according to a first aspect of the invention, a method is proposed for transmitting data from a primary station to a secondary station, comprising at the primary station signalling to the secondary station by means of a signalling message that a data message is to be received, and at the primary station transmitting the data message, wherein the time of transmission of the data message relative to the time of the signalling message depends on a state of the secondary station.
As a consequence, if a secondary station is currently in a discontinuous reception state for instance, a delay can be configured so that no data for this secondary station is transmitted immediately after the signalling message, and the secondary station can switch off its receiver while it decodes the signalling message. Thus, it permits to reduce the power consumption of secondary stations that are not in a reception state.
Moreover, for secondary stations in a reception state, i.e. secondary stations in a continuous reception state and that may be receiving data in for instance every subframe, data corresponding to them would preferably be immediately after the signalling message.
The present invention also relates to a secondary station comprising means for carrying out the method in accordance with the invention.
The present invention also relates to a primary station comprising means for carrying out the method in accordance with the invention.
These and other aspects of the invention will be apparent from and will be elucidated with reference to the embodiments described hereinafter.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention will now be described in more detail, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1, already described, is a time chart representing the conventional transmitting of data;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram representing a network comprising a primary station and a secondary station in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 3 is a time chart representing the transmitting of data in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a system of communication 300 as depicted in FIG. 2, comprising a primary station 100, like a base station or an evolved Node B (eNodeB), and at least one secondary station 200 like a mobile station or a User Equipment (also denoted UE).
The radio system 300 may comprise a plurality of the primary stations 100 and/or a plurality of secondary stations 200. The primary station 100 comprises a transmitter means 110 and a receiving means 120. An output of the transmitter means 110 and an input of the receiving means 120 are coupled to an antenna 130 by a coupling means 140, which may be for example a circulator or a changeover switch. Coupled to the transmitter means 110 and receiving means 120 is a control means 150, which may be for example a processor. The secondary station 200 comprises a transmitter means 210 and a receiving means 220. An output of the transmitter means 210 and an input of the receiving means 220 are coupled to an antenna 230 by a coupling means 240, which may be for example a circulator or a changeover switch. Coupled to the transmitter means 210 and receiving means 220 is a control means 250, which may be for example a processor. Transmission from the primary radio station 100 to the secondary station 200 takes place on a first set of channels 160 and transmission from the secondary radio station 200 to the first radio station 100 takes place on a second set of channels 260.
When the primary station 100 needs to send data to the secondary station 200, it uses one channel of the set of downlink channels 160, like a PDSCH for example. The subframe corresponding to the invention can be illustrated on FIG. 3, where the PDSCHs 310 are distributed among a plurality of frequency subcarriers. If a data is to be transmitted to a secondary station 200, the primary station 100 signals it to the secondary station 200 on a control channel (or signalling channel). In this example, the control channel is a PDCCH 311, sent on the same subcarriers as the PDSCHs 310, at the beginning of each subframe, just before the transmission of the PDSCHs 310. However, the control channel can be sent on different frequency subcarriers from those used for the corresponding data.
In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the primary station 100 allocates the data slots 313 of the PDSCHs 310 to the secondary stations 200 in dependence upon the current state of each considered secondary station. Then, the time between the signalling and the transmission of the data message for a considered secondary station depends on the activity and the state of the secondary station. For instance, if a considered secondary station is in a continuous reception state or a connected mode, for potentially receiving data in every subframe, or at least very often, then the timing of the data relative to the signalling is of low importance. It is possible in this case to allocate a data slot 312 in the same subframe 315 in which the allocation has been signalled, and even in the first data slots of the subframe 315. By doing so, the time elapsed between the signalling and the data transmission may equal zero. This is advantageous since the last data slots can be kept for secondary stations 200 in another state.
Indeed, if the secondary stations 200 are in an idle state, or at least in a discontinuous reception state, these stations switch their receivers on only from time to time, in order to reduce the power consumption. In such a case, if data is allocated in data slots 313 just after the signalling of the allocation, these stations have to buffer all the PDSCHs while decoding the signalling message. This leads to useless power consumption, and the advantage of discontinuous reception is then reduced.
That is the reason why in an embodiment of the invention, time of transmission of the data message relative to the time of the signalling is greater for data allocated to secondary stations in a discontinuous reception (DRX) state.
In a first example of the invention, the allocated data slot 312 is chosen such that there is a delay between the signalling of the allocation 311 and the data slot 312 if the secondary station is in a DRX state. This delay can be chosen such that the time slot is in the same subframe as the signalling of the allocation, and such that the secondary station has sufficient time to decode the whole signalling frame. Thus, the receiver of the secondary station in a DRX mode is switched on only during the PDCCH 311, then off, until the allocated data slot 312. This would leave a gap of a few symbols between the end of the PDCCH and the start of the data during which time the secondary station could save power by switching off its receiver.
In a second example of the invention, the delay for secondary stations 200 in DRX state is chosen to be one or more subframes. It means that the primary station 100 signals to the secondary station 200 in the PDCCH 311 of the subframe 315 that data will be transmitted in a data slot 312 of the following subframe 316. One subframe could be set as the smallest allowed interval between the subframe in which the signalling occurs and the subframe in which the allocated data slot is located for the corresponding data transmission for a secondary station being in discontinuous reception or idle state.
For example, a secondary station in a “data reception” state could have a zero-length delay configured between the PDCCH and PDSCH (i.e. operating according to FIG. 1), while a secondary station in a “discontinuous reception” state could have a delay of 1 subframe configured, as shown in FIG. 3. The secondary station would then switch off its receiver at the end of the PDCCH transmission, and only switch it on for the PDSCH in the next subframe if the decoded PDCCH in the first subframe indicated that the PDSCH in the next subframe would contain some data for it.
In this example, the number of subframes separating the signalling from the data slot is 1, but it could be more, for instance 2, 3. . . N subframes. This can be advantageous for instance in the case of a secondary station being in a periodic discontinuous reception mode, i.e. the secondary station switches on and off only every P subframes. Thus, the allocated data slot could be transmitted N subframes after the signalling, where N is a multiple of P. It means that the delay could take any value k.P, where k is an integer greater than 1. Then the signalling would be received during one occasion when the secondary station switches on its receiver according to the discontinuous reception cycle, and the corresponding data would be received during a later such occasion. During the later such occasion, the secondary station would already know for how long it needed to keep its receiver switched on, as a result of decoding the PDCCH on the earlier occasion.
In another embodiment, the discontinuous reception state could be an idle state in which the mobile terminal may receive paging messages from the network but not significant data messages. The paging messages would be indicated by the control channel 311 and transmitted on a PDSCH 310 in a later subframe. On switching from the idle state to a connected state, the delay would be reduced to zero. Thus in this embodiment, paging messages would be transmitted after a delay after the corresponding PDCCH signalling, while data messages would be transmitted immediately after the corresponding PDCCH signalling. The transition between the idle state and the connected state could be characterised by an exchange of signalling information indicating to the network the cell-level location of the mobile terminal, and/or the creation of a Radio Resource Control (RRC) context for the secondary station in a network entity.
In a variant of the invention, the delay is predetermined and known a priori by both primary and secondary stations.
In another variant of the invention, the delay is determined by the primary station or other network entity and signalled to the secondary stations by the primary stations for instance on a broadcast channel or similar.
In another variant of the invention, the delay between notification of transmission on PDCCH and transmission of data is configured by higher layers (e.g. RRC) signalling. As the process of switching states by RRC signalling can be slow, it may be advantageous for the system to be able to operate even with continuous packet transmission while the increased delay is in operation between PDCCH and PDSCH; in such a case, the maximum number of retransmission processes (like HARQ processes) needed will, in general, increase with the length of the delay, and this would increase the total buffer size needed in the secondary station. Indeed, if the delay is longer, the number of parallel retransmission processes will increase, and the size of the buffer increases then. To avoid adverse impact on the secondary station implementation arising from an increase in total buffer size, the buffer size for each process could be reduced if the number of retransmission processes was increased. This means that the code rate may be reduced for these secondary stations, if the number of parallel retransmission processes is increased, so that the buffers of the secondary stations are not overfilled. This also means that the message size can be reduced to prevent the increase of the required buffer size due to parallel retransmission processes.
In another variant of the invention, the delay between notification of the transmission on PDCCH and the transmission of data is configured to so as to minimise any potential wastages of subframes which are left as gaps between the signalling and the data slot. For example, if the full signalling capacity in one subframe is used to indicate a data transmission in a later slot, for example after a delay of 1 subframe, then there is one sub frame which cannot be used for data transmissions to secondary stations for which the delay is not configured. If there is a shortage of signalling capacity, in for example a low bandwidth cell, then this could restrict the total number of secondary stations which can receive data transmissions. In embodiments where the invention is used for reception of paging messages, this restriction may lead to reduced performance of the paging mechanism. One way to avoid the waste of a subframe in this example would be to divide the secondary stations into two or more sets which would use different sets of slots for the signalling of the allocation. One possible allocation of different sets could be that one set of secondary stations receives the signalling of the allocation in odd-numbered subframes and the other set in even-numbered subframes. The assignment of the secondary stations to either set can be made by higher layer control signalling defined when the secondary station is configured or by some existing property of the UE thus not requiring any control signalling. For example all the secondary stations will have an assigned unique identity and a rule could be defined so that a pre-defined set of known identities are always defined to use odd or even numbered subframes for the signalling of the allocation. For example, secondary stations with an odd-numbered identity could receive the signalling of the allocation in odd-numbered subframes.
It is to be noted that the present invention is not limited to mobile communication systems such as the LTE of UMTS, but it is possibly also applicable to other standards such as evolutions of WiMAX or cdma2000.
Indeed, the present invention is not limited to mobile telecommunications systems described herein as an example, but could be extended to any other communication systems.
In the present specification and claims the word “a” or “an” preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. Further, the word “comprising” does not exclude the presence of other elements or steps than those listed.
The invention has been largely described in relation to signalling and data transmissions made by a network entity to a mobile terminal, but it will be understood that the invention applies equally to opposite or other allocations of roles to nodes.
From reading the present disclosure, other modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art. Such modifications may involve other features, which are already known in the art of radio communication and the art of transmitter power control and which may be used instead of or in addition to features already described herein.

## Claims

1. A method for transmitting data from a primary station to a secondary station, comprising the primary station performing the acts of:
determining a state of the secondary station;
signalling to the secondary station signaling message indicating that a data message is to be transmitted from the primary station to the secondary station;
transmitting the data message to the secondary station after signaling the signaling message;
wherein the secondary stations are logically divided into a first set of secondary stations that receive signaling messages in odd-numbered subframes and a second set of secondary stations that receive signaling messages in even-numbered subframes,
wherein secondary stations of the first set have unique odd-numbered identities and secondary stations of the second set have unique even-numbered identities, and
wherein a time delay between the signaling of the signaling message and the transmission of the data message depends on the determined state of the secondary station.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmitting act starts immediately after end of the signalling message if the secondary station is in the continuous reception state or the connected mode state.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the time of data transmission of the data message is such that there is a delay between end of the signalling message and start of the data transmission if the secondary station is in the discontinuous reception state or the idle mode state or the paging mode state.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein there is a delay between a subframe in which the signalling message occurs and a subframes in which the data message is transmitted, wherein the delay equals N subframes, where N is an integer equals at least 1, and wherein the subframe is a smallest allowed interval between signalling occasions.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the discontinuous reception state is periodic with a period P between subframes in which the secondary station is expected to receive data and wherein N is an integer multiple of P.

6. The method of claim 3, wherein the delay is a portion of a subframe if the secondary station is in the discontinuous reception state, said portion of a subframe comprising an amount of time greater than or equal to an amount of time allowed for the secondary station to decode the signalling message.

7. The method of claim 3, wherein the delay is indicated to the secondary station by the primary station before the signalling message.

8. The method of claim 3, wherein a retransmission protocol with multiple processes is used for the data transmission, said retransmission protocol including a number of processes which is larger when there is a delay between the signalling message and the data transmission than when the data message is transmitted immediately after the signalling message.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein a maximum data message size is reduced when the number of processes is larger.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the time of transmission of the data message relative to the time of the signalling message is chosen so as to reduce a quantity of non-used data subframes.

11. The method of claim 1, further comprising the act of dividing the secondary stations in a plurality of sets of secondary stations, wherein the base station signals that a message is to be received by secondary stations of at least one of the sets during respective signalling subframes dedicated to each set of the plurality of sets.

12. The method of claim 1, further comprising exchanging signalling information that indicate transition between different states of the secondary station.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the signalling message is transmitted to the secondary station using a frequency which is different from a transmission frequency of the data message to the secondary station.

14. The method of claim 1, further comprising the act of characterizing a transition between the idle mode and the connected mode by an exchange of signalling information indicating a cell-level location of the secondary station in a network.

15. The method of claim 1 wherein the state of the secondary station is one of the following: continuous reception, discontinuous reception, connected mode, idle mode, paging mode.

16. A primary station for transmitting data to a secondary station, comprising:
a processor to determine a state or the activity of the secondary station;
a transmitter controlled by the processor to transmit to the secondary station a signaling message indicating that a data message is to be transmitted by the primary station to the secondary station;
wherein the transmitter is controlled by the processor to transmit the data message to the secondary station after transmitting the signaling message;
wherein secondary stations are logically divided into a first set of secondary stations that receive signaling messages in odd-numbered subframes and a second set of secondary stations that receive signaling messages in even-numbered subframes,
wherein secondary stations of the first set have unique odd-numbered identities and secondary stations of the second set have unique even-numbered identities, and
wherein a time delay between the transmission of the signaling message and the transmission of the data message depends on the determined state or activity of the secondary station.

17. The primary station of claim 16 wherein at times depending on the determined state the time delay is zero.

18. A secondary station for receiving data messages from a primary station, comprising:
a processor controlling a reception state of the secondary station;
a transmitter controlled by the processor for transmitting a status message to the primary station indicating the state of the secondary station when the reception state of the secondary station changes;
a receiver of the secondary station controlled by the processor to operate in the reception state, the receiver being configured to receive a signaling message from the primary station indicating that a data message is to be transmitted by the primary station,
wherein at times the receiver being controlled to change reception state depending on the reception of signaling messages,
wherein secondary stations are logically divided into a first set of secondary stations that receive signaling messages in odd-numbered subframes and a second set of secondary stations that receive signaling messages in even-numbered subframes,
wherein secondary stations of the first set have unique odd-numbered identities and secondary stations of the second set have unique even-numbered identities, and
wherein a time delay between the reception of the signaling message and the reception of the data message depends on the state or activity of the secondary station transmitted in the status message.