UNPUBLISHED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

SHANNON-POCAHONTAS MINING

COMPANY,

Petitioner,

v.

No. 95-2279

DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF WORKERS'

COMPENSATION PROGRAMS, UNITED

STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR;

ALBERT T. BLEVINS,

Respondents.

On Petition for Review of an Order

of the Benefits Review Board.

(94-0272-BLA-A)

Submitted: November 19, 1996

Decided: December 4, 1996

Before HAMILTON and LUTTIG, Circuit Judges, and PHILLIPS,

Senior Circuit Judge.

_________________________________________________________________

Vacated and remanded by unpublished per curiam opinion.

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COUNSEL

William T. Brotherton, III, SPILMAN, THOMAS & BATTLE,

Charleston, West Virginia, for Petitioner. Christian P. Barber, Jill M.

Otte, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, Washington,

D.C.; William Burton Talty, Richmond, Virginia, for Respondents.

_________________________________________________________________
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. See

Local Rule 36(c).

_________________________________________________________________

OPINION

PER CURIAM:

Shannon-Pocahontas Mining Company (employer) petitions for

review of a decision of the Benefits Review Board (Board) affirming

the administrative law judge's (ALJ) decision to award black lung

benefits to Albert Blevins. We must affirm the decision of the Board

if the Board properly decided that the ALJ's findings are supported

by substantial evidence. Doss v. Director, Office of Workers' Compensation Programs, 53 F.2d 654, 658 (4th Cir. 1995). With this principle in mind, we vacate the decision of the Board, and remand to the

Board with instructions to remand to the ALJ for further proceedings.

The employer contends that the ALJ's finding of total disability

due to pneumoconiosis is not supported by substantial evidence. We

agree. The evidence relevant to the issue of disability in this case consisted of ventilatory studies, blood gas studies, and medical reports.

None of the miner's ventilatory studies revealed evidence of disability

under the regulatory criteria for assessing disability. Of the miner's

five resting blood gas studies and two exercise studies, one resting

study produced values presumptive of disability under the regulations.

Finally, Drs. Robinette and Cardona opined that the miner was totally

disabled due to pneumoconiosis, while Drs. Zaldivar and Vasudevan

found that the miner had no pulmonary impairment.

In finding total disability, the ALJ primarily relied on the report of

Dr. Robinette, although he also credited Dr. Cardona's report. He

found that the reports of Drs. Zaldivar and Vasudevan failed to negate

Dr. Robinette's report, which he found was supported by the blood

gas evidence. He did not find the objective studies, viewed in isolation, indicative of disability under 20 C.F.R. § 718.204(c)(1) & (2)

(1996).

Dr. Robinette testified at his deposition that his finding of total disability was based primarily on the miner's ventilatory response to

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exercise during an exercise blood gas study performed by Dr.

Vasudevan in January 1991. He believed that the miner's resting

blood gas tests of January and February 1991 demonstrated hypoxemia and thus provided further evidence of disability, but admitted

that without the evidence of the miner's intolerance to exercise during

this study he would not have concluded that the miner was totally disabled. Dr. Vasudevan intended to measure the miner's anaerobic

threshold during this study by exercising him for ten minutes on a

treadmill, but the miner voluntarily terminated the study after five

minutes based on his complaints of shortness of breath and leg

fatigue. Dr. Vasudevan did not believe any valid conclusions could be

drawn from the study because it ended prematurely, and did not find

the miner's inability to continue indicative of a respiratory problem

because the miner exhibited no objective signs of pulmonary or cardiac problems during the test. Rather, he attributed the miner's inability to continue to deconditioning and obesity.

Dr. Robinette interpreted the study differently, opining that it demonstrated an intolerance to exercise severe enough to preclude the

miner from performing his usual coal mine work as an end loader. He

found that the miner's high tidal volume during the test indicated a

mild to moderate respiratory impairment. After reviewing Dr. Robinette's deposition, Drs. Zaldivar and Vasudevan both stated that the

miner's large tidal volume during the test was no reason for concern

because it progressively decreased with exercise and because all other

pulmonary parameters were normal. They noted, for example, that the

miner's PO2 actually improved with exercise. Dr. Zaldivar opined

that the miner's large tidal volume was due to hyperventilation due

to anxiety. He commented that the miner also exhibited hyperventilation due to anxiety during the exercise blood gas study that he performed.

We agree with the employer that the ALJ failed to adequately

resolve the conflict between the physicians of record regarding the

significance of the miner's ventilatory response to exercise during Dr.

Vasudevan's exercise blood gas study. An ALJ is required to explain

his reasons for crediting one physician over another. See Peabody

Coal Co. v. Hale, 771 F.2d 246, 249 (7th Cir. 1985). Moreover, given

Dr. Robinette's admission that his entire opinion hinged on his inter-

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pretation of the miner's performance during this study, resolution of

this conflict was critical to the outcome of this case.

The ALJ did not overlook the study. His opinion discusses Dr.

Robinette's views of the study. His opinion, however, does not discuss the contrary views of Drs. Zaldivar and Vasudevan concerning

the study, and, most importantly, does not explain why Dr. Robinette's interpretation of the study is more credible than the opposing

view. We note that the need for the ALJ to provide a rationale was

particularly strong in view of the fact that he credited the opinion of

a consulting physician over the opinion of the physician who actually

performed the study. See Siegel v. Director, Office of Workers' Compensation Programs, 8 BLR 1-156 (1986).

In according greatest weight to Dr. Robinette's report, the ALJ

relied on his finding that the blood gas evidence--specifically, the

resting studies of January and February 1991--supported Dr. Robinette's conclusions. The ALJ found that the blood gas evidence demonstrated that the miner had hypoxemia on "several different occasions," that this evidence demonstrated that Dr. Zaldivar's finding of

no pulmonary impairment "in fact was not true," and that Dr. Zaldivar

chose to ignore this evidence. He acknowledged that the miner's PO2

values on resting and blood gas testing had fluctuated greatly, but

found that Dr. Robinette had demonstrated through reference to medical literature that such variations were normal.

There are two problems with the ALJ's finding that the miner

exhibited hypoxemia "on several occasions." First, it mildly overstates the case, because the miner's studies only arguably evinced

hypoxemia on two occasions. Second, the statement wrongly implies

that the miner's condition has remained constant over time. In fact,

studies performed before and after the two month period in which the

miner exhibited abnormal test results were undisputedly normal.

We also find that the ALJ impermissibly made a medical determination by concluding that the blood gas evidence proved that Dr. Zaldivar's finding of no impairment was untrue. An ALJ may not

interpret medical data and substitute his opinion for that of a physician. See Marcum v. Director, Office of Workers' Compensation

Programs, 11 BLR 1-23 (1987). Because no physician found the

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blood gas evidence sufficient, alone, to support a finding of impairment, the ALJ could not make this finding. Moreover, contrary to the

ALJ's finding, Dr. Zaldivar did not ignore the miner's qualifying and

nearly qualifying resting blood gas studies. Rather, he agreed with Dr.

Vasudevan that the results of these studies varied too much from the

other studies, indicating that the results were either not valid due to

technical problems with the administration of the tests, or that the

miner had an acute problem in January and February 1991 that later

resolved. Drs. Zaldivar and Vasudevan both also noted that hypoxemia at rest was not significant because the miner's blood gases

returned to normal after exercise.

The ALJ also erred in his discussion of the variation between the

miner's blood gas results. In resting studies, the miner's PO2 varied

from 64 to 100, and in exercise studies, his PO2 varied from 83 to

102. The ALJ stated that Dr. Robinette's medical literature explained

that the variance was normal. In fact, Dr. Robinette admitted that the

variance was abnormal because it exceeded 15 percent, and that his

references to medical literature were purely academic in this case and

did not support his finding of total disability.*

We therefore conclude that the ALJ erred in finding that the miner

established a totally disabling respiratory impairment. We also find

that he erred, however, in finding that any impairment the miner

might have was due to pneumoconiosis. He apparently based this

determination on the miner's lengthy history of coal dust exposure

and his finding that neither Dr. Zaldivar nor Dr. Vasudevan offered

any alternate medical explanation for the miner's shortness of breath.

The employer correctly argues on appeal that it was not required to

prove an alternate cause for the miner's respiratory symptoms, but

that in any event Dr. Vasudevan did so when he opined that the

miner's shortness of breath was due to a combination of deconditioning and obesity. While the ALJ noted Dr. Vasudevan's reference to

the miner's obesity, he rejected it apparently based on his belief that,

at 59<!DAG> and 186 pounds, the miner was not obese. We find, however,

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*Regarding the literature, we also note that Dr. Zaldivar's comments

concerning the extent to which bronchitis may be disabling were a

response to points made in the literature cited by Dr. Robinette, and are

irrelevant to this case.

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that whether the miner is obese, and whether his weight could be a

factor contributing to shortness of breath, is yet another medical

determination which must be made by a physician.

We therefore vacate the decision of the Board affirming the ALJ's

finding of total disability due to pneumoconiosis, and remand to the

Board for further remand to the ALJ for reconsideration of the evidence consistent with this opinion. On remand, the ALJ should

reweigh all four medical opinions, and all other relevant evidence,

which addresses disability. We reject the employer's contention that

Dr. Cardona's opinion may not be considered because it is hostile to

the Black Lung Benefits Act. Contrary to the employer's assertion,

Dr. Cardona does not state that all persons having lengthy coal mine

employment histories must be considered totally disabled. Rather, he

stated that most would be, and explained that his finding in this case

was based on the claimant's particular history, symptoms, and physical examination. We dispense with oral argument because the facts

and legal contentions are adequately presented in the materials before

the court and argument would not aid the decisional process.

VACATED AND REMANDED

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