The Honorable Charles A. Shaw, United States District Judge 1

for the Eastern District of Missouri.

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No. 95-2693

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United States of America, *

*

Appellee, *

* Appeal from the United States

v. * District Court for the

* Eastern District of Missouri.

Carole Kalagian, * [UNPUBLISHED]

*

Appellant. *

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 Submitted: February 15, 1996

 Filed: April 23, 1996

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Before WOLLMAN, HEANEY, and MAGILL, Circuit Judges.

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PER CURIAM.

Carole Kalagian appeals the district court's entry of judgment on

1

her conviction for unauthorized use of access devices in violation of 18

U.S.C. § 1029(a)(2). We affirm.

I.

On August 30, 1993, Kalagian began working as a licensed practical

nurse at Friendship Village, a retirement center. At Friendship Village,

elderly residents lived independently in their own apartments but could

obtain assistance from a centralized health station. If any of the

residents needed constant medical attention, they were moved to Friendship

Village's health center.
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Kalagian worked at one of the health stations at the facility.

According to a log book kept at the health station, Kalagian went to

Henrietta Stallings' apartment twice on September 1, 1993, for the stated

purpose of checking on Stallings' nausea. Kalagian went to Regina Vetter's

apartment on September 2, 1993, to retrieve Vetter's hearing aid. On that

date, Vetter was confined to the health center. Soon after these visits,

Kalagian began using Stallings' and Vetter's credit cards, charging more

than $4,000 worth of merchandise. Kalagian also visited Helen Woodruff's

apartment on December 7, 1993, for medical reasons. Shortly thereafter,

Kalagian charged approximately $5,000 worth of merchandise on Woodruff's

credit card.

Kalagian was charged with violating section 1029(a)(2), which makes

it a crime to knowingly use an unauthorized credit card with intent to

defraud. After a jury returned a guilty verdict, the district court

sentenced Kalagian to thirty-seven months' imprisonment and two years'

supervised release. Kalagian raises the following issues on appeal: (1)

a violation of her sixth amendment right to confront witnesses; (2)

insufficiency of the evidence; and (3) an erroneous evidentiary ruling by

the district court.

II.

Kalagian first contends that her sixth amendment right to confront

witnesses was violated because the government did not call the credit card

account holders at trial. Kalagian raises this issue for the first time

on appeal; thus, we review for plain error. See Fed. R. Crim. P. 52(b).

Because the confrontation clause does not require the prosecution to call

at trial all of the witnesses against a defendant, see Cooper v. State of

California, 386 U.S. 58, 62 n.2 (1967), we find this contention to be

meritless. See also United States v. Morgan, 757 F.2d 1074, 1076 (10th

Cir. 1985) (holding that defendant generally may not confront
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witness who provides no evidence against him at trial). 

We also reject Kalagian's claim that the evidence was insufficient

to show that the use of the credit cards was unauthorized. Viewing the

evidence in the light most favorable to the government, United States v.

Quintanilla, 25 F.3d 694, 699 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 115 S. Ct. 457

(1994), we find there was ample, if indeed not overwhelming, evidence to

support the jury's verdict. The victims filed theft reports with the

police and the credit card companies. Stallings' daughter testified that

her mother did not make the purchases and that some of the purchases, such

as maternity clothes, could not have been purchased for her mother's

benefit. Moreover, Kalagian forged the victims' signatures rather than

signing her own name on behalf of the account holders. She also continued

to charge items on Woodruff's account after Woodruff had died.

We have considered and find to be without merit Kalagian's contention

that the district court erred in admitting under Federal Rule of Evidence

404(b) evidence of her prior conviction for credit card fraud.

The conviction is affirmed.

A true copy.

Attest:

CLERK, U. S. COURT OF APPEALS, EIGHTH CIRCUIT.