United States Department of Labor 

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board 

__________________________________________ 

M.D., Appellant 

and 

DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS, 

VETERANS ADMINISTRATION MEDICAL 

CENTER, Syracuse, NY, Employer 

__________________________________________ 

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Docket No. 15-1602 

Issued: October 28, 2015 

Appearances: Case Submitted on the Record

Appellant, pro se 

Office of Solicitor, for the Director 

DECISION AND ORDER 

Before: 

PATRICIA H. FITZGERALD, Deputy Chief Judge 

ALEC J. KOROMILAS, Alternate Judge 

VALERIE D. EVANS-HARRELL, Alternate Judge 

JURISDICTION 

On July 20, 2015 appellant filed a timely appeal of an April 17, 2015 merit decision of 

the Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs (OWCP). Pursuant to the Federal Employees’ 

Compensation Act1

 (FECA) and 20 C.F.R. §§ 501.2(c) and 501.3, the Board has jurisdiction over 

the merits of this case. 

ISSUES 

The issues are: (1) whether appellant is entitled to more than six percent permanent 

impairment to the right upper extremity, for which she received a schedule award; and 

(2) whether OWCP properly identified the date of maximum medical improvement (MMI). 

 1

 5 U.S.C. § 8101 et seq. 
2

FACTUAL HISTORY 

On September 16, 2008 appellant, a 50-year-old secretary, injured her right shoulder and 

right arm when she tripped on a hole while walking on grass. She filed a traumatic injury claim 

(Form CA-1) for benefits on September 17, 2008, which OWCP accepted for right shoulder sprain, 

right upper arm sprain, right elbow sprain, and right forearm sprain. 

On December 17, 2008 appellant underwent a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan and 

arthrogram of her right shoulder. The results of this test showed that she had a right rotator cuff 

tear, with a tear of both the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons and apparent superior labral 

tear from anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesion. 

On March 27, 2009 appellant underwent authorized surgery to ameliorate the conditions of 

severe right shoulder impingement and right rotator cuff tear. The procedure was performed by 

Dr. Bruce Greene, Board-certified in orthopedic surgery. 

On March 10, 2010 appellant filed a Form CA-7 claim for a schedule award based on a 

partial loss of use of her right upper extremity. 

On April 8, 2010 appellant underwent an MRI scan of her right shoulder. The results of 

this test showed a full thickness tear involving the supraspinatus tendon. 

On September 16, 2010 appellant underwent authorized right shoulder surgery, an 

arthroscopy, open acromioplasty, excision of clavicle, and rotator cuff repair of the right shoulder. 

The procedure was performed by Dr. Thomas Smallman, a specialist in orthopedic surgery. 

In a report dated May 23, 2012, appellant’s treating physician, Dr. George Mina, Boardcertified in orthopedic surgery, found that appellant had six percent permanent right upper 

extremity impairment under the American Medical Association, Guides to the Evaluation of 

Permanent Impairment (sixth edition) (the A.M.A., Guides), based on a class 1 impairment for 

right rotator cuff tear. He noted that appellant had some pain and atrophy in the right shoulder 

but that her right shoulder was stable and that she had returned to work without restrictions. 

Using the diagnosis-based method of impairment calculation, Dr. Mina utilized Table 15-5, page 

403 of the A.M.A., Guides, the shoulder regional grid and applied the net adjustment formula at 

section 15.3, pages 406, 410 and 411 of the A.M.A., Guides.

2

 He found that the grade modifier 

at Table 15-7, page 406 for functional history was 2, for a moderate problem, pain with normal 

and strenuous activities. With regard to physical examination, Dr. Mina assigned a grade 

modifier of one for muscle atrophy at Table 15-8, page 408 of the A.M.A., Guides.3

 Lastly, he 

found that the grade modifier for clinical studies at Table 15-9, page 407-10 of the A.M.A., 

Guides,

4

 was not applicable, given the fact that he used a rotator cuff tear two as the basis for 

diagnostic criteria and imaging studies, preoperative. 

 2

 A.M.A., Guides 406, 410-11. 

3 Id. at 408. 

4 Id. at 407-10. 
3

Pursuant to the net adjustment formula set forth at Table 15-21, pages 409-411 of the 

A.M.A., Guides,

5

 Dr. Mina determined that appellant had an adjusted, default grade D 

impairment, which equated to six percent permanent impairment of the right upper extremity at 

Table 15-5, page 403.6

 He also asserted that she reached MMI “probably one year postoperative, 

September 2011.” 

In a March 25, 2015 report, Dr. Henry J. Magliato, a specialist in occupational medicine 

and an OWCP medical adviser, concurred with Dr. Mina’s finding that appellant had six percent 

permanent impairment from her accepted right rotator cuff condition. He stated, however, that 

appellant reached MMI as of May 23, 2012, the date of Dr. Mina’s examination. 

By decision dated April 17, 2015, OWCP granted appellant a schedule award for six 

percent permanent impairment of the right upper extremity for the period May 23 to October 1, 

2012, for a total of 18.72 weeks of compensation, pursuant to the A.M.A., Guides (sixth edition). 

LEGAL PRECEDENT -- ISSUE 1 

The schedule award provision of FECA7 and its implementing regulations8 set forth the 

number of weeks of compensation payable to employees sustaining permanent impairment from 

loss, or loss of use, of scheduled members or functions of the body. However, FECA does not 

specify the manner in which the percentage of loss shall be determined. For consistent results 

and to ensure equal justice under the law to all claimants, good administrative practice 

necessitates the use of a single set of tables so that there may be uniform standards applicable to 

all claimants. The A.M.A., Guides has been adopted by the implementing regulations as the 

appropriate standard for evaluating schedule losses, and the Board has concurred in such 

adoption.9

 The method used in making such determination is a matter which rests in the sound 

discretion of OWCP. For consistent results and to ensure equal justice, the Board has authorized 

the use of a single set of tables so that there may be uniform standards applicable to all 

claimants. 

The sixth edition of the A.M.A., Guides provides a diagnosis-based method of evaluation 

utilizing the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability 

and Health (ICF).10 Under the sixth edition, the evaluator identifies the impairment class for the 

diagnosed condition Class of Diagnosis (CDX), which is then adjusted by grade modifiers based 

 5 Id. at 409-11. 

6 Id. at 403. 

7

 5 U.S.C. § 8107. 

8

 20 C.F.R. § 10.404. Effective May 1, 2009, OWCP began using the A.M.A., Guides (6th ed. 2009). See Federal 

(FECA) Procedure Manual, Part 2 -- Claims, Schedule Awards and Permanent Disability Claims, Chapter 2.808.5a 

(February 2013) and see also Part 3 -- Medical, Schedule Awards, Chapter 3.700, Exhibit 1 (January 2010). 

9 Id. See Bernard A. Babcock, Jr., 52 ECAB 143 (2000). 

10 A.M.A., Guides (6th ed. 2009), p.3, section 1.3, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and 

Health (ICF): A Contemporary Model of Disablement. 
4

on grade modifier Functional History (GMFH), grade modifier Physical Examination (GMPE), 

and grade modifier Clinical Studies (GMCS).11 The net adjustment formula is (GMFH - CDX) + 

(GMPE - CDX) + (GMCS - CDX). Evaluators are directed to provide reasons for their 

impairment rating choices, including the choices of diagnoses from regional grids and 

calculations of modifier scores.12 

ANALYSIS -- ISSUE 1 

OWCP accepted the conditions of right shoulder sprain and right shoulder impingement 

syndrome; it also authorized surgery to ameliorate the condition of right rotator cuff tear, right 

shoulder impingement, and excision of the clavicle. Dr. Mina, appellant’s treating physician, rated 

her permanent impairment based on the diagnosis of right rotator cuff repair and the shoulder 

regional grid at Table 15-5, pages 403 and 40513 and applied the net adjustment formula at 

section 15.3, pages 406, 410 and 411 of the A.M.A., Guides14 to find that she had six percent 

right upper extremity impairment. Dr. Magliato, OWCP’s medical adviser, reviewed Dr. Mina’s 

May 23, 2012 report and concurred in his findings. The Board finds that Drs. Mina and Magliato 

properly applied the standards of the A.M.A., Guides, that their ratings were rendered in 

conformance with the applicable protocols and tables of the A.M.A., Guides and represented the 

weight of the medical evidence in this case. Accordingly, as the record contains no other 

probative, rationalized medical opinion which indicates that appellant is entitled to a greater 

schedule award based on her accepted right shoulder conditions, OWCP properly granted her a 

schedule award for six percent permanent right upper extremity impairment in its April 17, 2015 

decision. 

LEGAL PRECEDENT -- ISSUE 2 

Permanent impairment is be rated according to the A.M.A., Guides, and only after the 

status of MMI is determined. Impairment should not be considered permanent until a reasonable 

time has passed for the healing or recovery to occur. This will depend on the nature of 

underlying pathology, as the optimal duration for recovery may vary considerably from days to 

months. The clinical findings must indicate that the medical condition is static and well 

stabilized for the person to have reached MMI.15 

The period covered by a schedule award commences on the date that the employee 

reaches MMI from the residuals of the injury. The question of when MMI has been reached is a 

factual one that depends upon the medical findings in the record. The determination of such date 

 11 Id. at 494-531.

12 See R.V., Docket No. 10-1827 (issued April 1, 2011). 

13 A.M.A., Guides 405. 

14 Id. at 406, 410-411. 

15 Id. at 24 (6th ed. 2009); see Orlando Vivens, 42 ECAB 303 (1991) (a schedule award is not payable until 

MMI -- meaning that the physical condition of the injured member of the body has stabilized and will not improve 

further -- has been reached). 
5

is to be made in each case upon the basis of the medical evidence in that case.16 The date of 

MMI is usually considered to be the date of the medical examination that determined the extent 

of the impairment.17 

If the claimant sustains increased impairment at a later date which is due to work-related 

factors, an additional award will be payable if supported by the medical evidence. In such a 

case, the original award is undisturbed and the new award has its own date of MMI, percent and 

period.18

ANALYSIS -- ISSUE 2 

On appeal, appellant contests the date the schedule award began, contending that the 

period of her award should have begun as of the date of her injury and continue up through the 

present time. The Board will therefore review whether OWCP properly determined the date of 

MMI. 

As the Board noted, the date of MMI is usually considered to be the date of the medical 

examination that determined the extent of the impairment.19 That date was May 23, 2012, the 

date that Dr. Mina, appellant’s treating physician, issued his report finding that appellant had a 

six percent right upper extremity impairment. He noted that appellant had some pain and 

atrophy in the right shoulder but found that her right shoulder was stable. Dr. Mina further noted 

that she had returned to work without restrictions. On March 25, 2015 OWCP’s medical adviser, 

Dr. Magliato, found that the date of Dr. Mina’s examination, May 23, 2012, was the date of 

MMI for appellant’s schedule award. This finding was appropriate, as that was the date upon 

which the physical examination and findings were taken and calculated in order to obtain 

appellant’s impairment rating. 

The Board has noted a reluctance to find a date of MMI that is retroactive to the award, 

as retroactive awards often result in payment of less compensation benefits. The Board requires 

persuasive proof of the selection of the retroactive date of MMI.20 The record contains no 

persuasive evidence that another date should have been accepted. 

For these reasons, the Board finds that OWCP properly identified the date of MMI as 

May 23, 2012. The Board will thus affirm the April 17, 2015 decision. 

 16 Marie J. Born, 27 ECAB 623 (1976). 

17 E.g., Richard Larry Enders, 48 ECAB 184 at n.12 (1996) (date of the audiologic examination). 

18 Federal (FECA) Procedure Manual, Part 2 -- Claims, Schedule Awards & Permanent Disability Claims, 

Chapter 2.808.7.b(2) (January 2010). 

19 Id. 

20 See J.C., 58 ECAB 258 (2007). 
6

CONCLUSION 

The Board finds that appellant is not entitled to more than six percent permanent 

impairment of the right upper extremity, for which she received a schedule award. The Board 

further finds that OWCP properly identified the date of MMI. 

ORDER 

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT the Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs’ 

April 17, 2015 decision is affirmed. 

Issued: October 28, 2015 

Washington, DC 

 

 Patricia H. Fitzgerald, Deputy Chief Judge 

 Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board 

 

 Alec J. Koromilas, Alternate Judge 

 Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board 

 

 Valerie D. Evans-Harrell, Alternate Judge 

 Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board