This opinion will be unpublished and

may not be cited except as provided by

Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).

STATE OF MINNESOTA

IN COURT OF APPEALS

A15-0961

Bio Wood Processing, LLC, 

Relator, 

vs. 

Rice County Board of Commissioners, 

Respondent.

Filed November 16, 2015

Affirmed; motion to supplement the record denied

and motion to strike granted in part 

Stoneburner, Judge

Rice County Board of Commissioners

Matthew C. Berger, Dustan J. Cross, Peter J. Hemberger, Gislason & Hunter LLP, New 

Ulm, Minnesota (for relator)

Paul D. Reuvers, Nathan C. Midolo, Iverson Reuvers Condon, Bloomington, Minnesota 

(for respondent)

Considered and decided by Halbrooks, Presiding Judge; Rodenberg, Judge; and 

Stoneburner, Judge. 

 

 Retired judge of the Minnesota Court of Appeals, serving by appointment pursuant to 

Minn. Const. art. VI, § 10.
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U N P U B L I S H E D O P I N I O N

STONEBURNER, Judge

Following this court’s reversal and remand of denial of an application for an 

amended conditional-use permit to correct a procedural defect, respondent again denied 

the application. On appeal, relator asserts that respondent’s denial of the application 

violated relator’s due-process and equal-protection rights, was arbitrary and capricious, 

and was unsupported by the record. We affirm.

FACTS

Relator Bio Wood Processing, LLC, recycles wood products into animal bedding 

and mulch at a facility in Rice County near Faribault. Bio Wood’s facility is located in 

an urban-reserve zoning district in which Bio Wood’s business is a conditional use under 

Rice County’s zoning ordinance. 

In 2011, Bio Wood was granted a conditional-use permit (CUP) that allowed Bio 

Wood to grind wood materials between 8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m., Monday through Friday, 

and between 8:00 a.m. and 12:00 p.m. on Saturdays. The CUP had no other restrictions.

In 2013, Bio Wood applied for and respondent Rice County Board of 

Commissioners (board) granted an amended CUP, expanding wood-grinding hours, but 

restricting all of Bio Wood’s operations to the hours of 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m., Monday 

through Friday, and 7:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. on Saturdays. 

In 2014, Bio Wood applied for a second amended CUP, seeking to remove all 

restrictions on its hours of operation. At a public hearing before the planning 

commission, Bio Wood asserted that increased demand for its product requires 24/7 
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delivery of wood to the facility, but residents living near the facility voiced opposition to 

the removal of restrictions based primarily on their experience with noise, the number of 

trucks delivering wood to the facility, and dust. The planning commission unanimously 

approved a motion to recommend denial of the application. After the planning 

commission’s public hearing, a written report of the planning commission hearing was 

prepared, which contained seven paragraphs of factual findings. The board subsequently 

considered Bio Wood’s application at a public hearing and unanimously approved a 

motion to adopt the recommendation of the planning commission to deny the application. 

The board chair signed a written resolution reflecting the board’s denial of the application 

and incorporating the seven findings of fact contained in the report of the planningcommission hearing. 

Bio Wood appealed by writ of certiorari, and this court held that the plain 

language of Rice County, Minn., Zoning Ordinance (RCZO) § 503.05(H)(8) (2012)

requires “the planning commission to make formal findings in the course of a public 

meeting, either by stating them orally or by approving a previously prepared document 

that includes written findings.” Bio Wood Processing, LLC v. Rice Cty. Bd. of Comm’rs, 

No. A14-0990, 2015 WL 1608793, at *3 (Minn. App. Apr. 13, 2015). We reversed and 

remanded the board’s decision to deny the CUP application because the planning 

commission never “formally adopt[ed] the findings ‘on the record.’” Id.

On remand, the planning commission denied Bio Wood’s request to reopen the 

record to permit evidence of recent noise-level testing and increased need for animal 

bedding. The planning commission reviewed the record of the public hearing, 
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unanimously adopted the previously prepared findings, and voted to recommend denial of

the application. The board subsequently discussed the application, noted that public 

hearings had been held and that the record was closed, voted to adopt the planning 

commission’s findings, and denied the CUP application. This certiorari appeal followed, 

during the pendency of which the board moved to strike portions of Bio Wood’s brief and 

Bio Wood moved to supplement the record.

D E C I S I O N

Substantive issues

“This court will uphold a county’s decision to approve or deny a [CUP] unless our 

independent review of the record determines the decision was arbitrary, capricious, or 

unreasonable.” Yang v. Cty. of Carver, 660 N.W.2d 828, 832 (Minn. App. 2003). A 

CUP applicant bears the burden to demonstrate that a county board’s reasons for denying 

a permit “are legally insufficient or had no factual basis in the record.” Id.

Bio Wood first challenges the board’s refusal to open the record on remand as a 

violation of its procedural due-process rights. U.S. Const. amend. XIV, § 1; Minn. Const. 

art. I, § 7. Procedural due process constrains governmental actions that deprive 

individuals of liberty or property interests. Mathews v. Eldridge, 424 U.S. 319, 332, 96 

S. Ct. 893, 901 (1976). “The fundamental requirement of due process is the opportunity 

to be heard at a meaningful time and in a meaningful manner.” Id. at 333, 96 S. Ct. at 

902 (quotation omitted). Bio Wood argues that because so much time elapsed between 

the public hearings on its application for an unrestricted CUP and the board’s decision on 
5

remand, it was denied the opportunity to be heard at a meaningful time and in a 

meaningful manner. We disagree. 

This court’s reversal of denial of the CUP was based on a procedural defect in the 

proceedings and was not based on any inadequacy in the record developed in the initial 

proceedings. Bio Wood sought to reopen the record to introduce evidence that could 

have been, but was not, presented in the original proceeding and evidence of events 

subsequent to the original proceedings that have increased need for its product. The 

change in circumstances may be appropriately considered should Bio Wood submit a new 

application for an amended CUP, but is not relevant to the application at issue in this 

case. We conclude that the decision not to reopen the record on remand did not violate 

Bio Wood’s procedural due-process rights because it had a full opportunity to be heard in 

the original proceedings.1 

Bio Wood next argues that the board’s denial of its application was arbitrary and 

capricious because the board failed to engage in reasoned decision-making on remand. 

This argument is based on the board’s failure to discuss in detail the substance of the 

findings recommended by the planning commission before agreeing to adopt them and 

treatment of the proceedings on remand as merely correcting a technical error. 

 

1 Bio Wood also asserts that a new record was required on remand due to one change in 

the membership of the planning commission. But the new commissioner, who was fully 

apprised of the record and prior proceedings, stated on the record that he had reviewed 

the prior record and agreed to deny the application. Bio Wood has failed to demonstrate 

that the change in planning-commission membership required reopening of the record on 

remand. 
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“A county’s denial of a [CUP] is arbitrary where the applicant establishes that all 

of the standards specified by the zoning ordinance as conditions of granting the [CUP]

have been met.” Yang, 660 N.W.2d at 832. “When a county states reasons for denying 

the [CUP], a reviewing court may reverse the decision if the reasons are legally 

insufficient or if the decision is without factual basis.” Bartheld v. Cty. of Koochiching, 

716 N.W.2d 406, 411 (Minn. App. 2006). “[A] prima facie case of arbitrariness exists if 

the county board’s decision is not accompanied by findings to show that its action was 

reached upon a consideration of the facts and was passed upon reason rather than the 

mere individual whim of the members.” Crystal Beach Bay Ass’n v. Cty. of Koochiching, 

309 Minn. 52, 55, 243 N.W.2d 40, 42 (1976) (quotation omitted).

Here, the board’s original denial of the application for an unrestricted CUP was 

reached after a public hearing and consideration of the planning commission’s 

recommendation. Based on that consideration, the board unanimously approved the 

planning commission’s recommendation to deny the application and subsequently issued

a resolution adopting the findings of fact that were submitted to the board. See Bio Wood 

Processing, LLC, 2015 WL 1608793, at *1. The procedural defect that resulted in 

reversal of that decision and remand was not due to the conduct of the board. While the 

board’s post-remand adoption of the planning commission’s factual findings was 

somewhat pro forma, the remand from this court did not require that the board revisit its 

earlier analysis and reasoning in reaching the same conclusion on the same facts and 

nearly identical factual findings. 
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Bio Wood asserts that the factual findings are not supported by the record. But the 

planning commission transcript shows that it considered each of the topics related to the 

findings it eventually made on the record: the concern about nighttime noise, the best 

interests of the community in restricting nighttime noise, the incompatibility of 

unrestricted use with the uses of surrounding land, the negative effect that 24/7 use would 

have on a business, Bio Wood’s inconsistent compliance with previous CUP conditions,

and the necessity of restricting hours of operation to protect public health and safety. 

And the findings relate specifically to the county zoning criteria for granting a CUP. 

RCZO § 503.05(E)(2) (2012). We find no merit in the argument that the factual findings 

are not supported by the record.

Bio Wood’s final argument is that the board’s denial of its application is arbitrary 

because it treats Bio Wood differently than other similarly situated businesses by 

imposing restrictions on Bio Wood’s hours of operation. See Nw. College v. City of 

Arden Hills, 281 N.W.2d 865, 869 (Minn. 1979) (requiring a zoning ordinance to 

“operate uniformly on those similarly situated”). This argument fails because Bio Wood 

did not establish that the other businesses it referred to are similarly situated.

Pending motions 

We grant the board’s motion to strike an April 28, 2015 letter from Bio Wood’s 

attorney to the county zoning administrator, with attachments, and the May 2, 2015 

responsive letter from the county notifying Bio Wood’s attorney that the planning 

commission would not reopen the record on remand. See Thiele v. Stich, 425 N.W.2d 

580, 582-83 (Minn. 1988) (“An appellate court may not base its decision on matters 
8

outside the record on appeal, and may not consider matters not produced and received in 

evidence below.”); see also Minn. R. Civ. App. 110.01 (stating that in all cases, the 

papers filed, exhibits, and transcripts are part of the record), 115.04, subd. 1 (providing 

for general use of appellate rule 110 in certiorari appeals). We also deny Bio Wood’s 

motion to supplement the record with these documents. In re Livingood, 594 N.W.2d 

889, 893 n.3 (Minn. 1999) (stating that in reviewing a county board’s decision to deny a 

permit, an appellate court “should . . . confine itself at all times to the facts and 

circumstances developed before that body” (quotation omitted)). Although these letters 

concern the proceedings on remand, there was no additional record developed on remand. 

And the attachments to the April 28, 2015 letter contain materials extraneous to the 

record of the original denial of Bio Wood’s application. See In re Block, 727 N.W.2d 

166, 176-77 (Minn. App. 2007) (granting motion to strike documents in a party’s 

appendix and appellate brief that were not contained in the record below).2

Affirmed; motion to supplement the record denied and motion to strike 

granted in part. 

 

2 Although we do not condone the failure to comply with Minn. R. App. P. 130.02(b), we 

decline to strike additional materials contained in Bio Wood’s appellate brief addendum

on the basis that they minimally exceed the 50-page limit to an addendum set forth in the 

rule.