United States Department of Labor 

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board 

__________________________________________ 

S.S., Appellant 

and 

DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, EXECUTIVE 

OFFICE FOR IMMIGRATION REVIEW, 

Falls Church, VA, Employer 

__________________________________________ 

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Docket No. 16-0758 

Issued: August 12, 2016 

Appearances: Case Submitted on the Record

Appellant, pro se 

Office of Solicitor, for the Director 

DECISION AND ORDER 

Before: 

CHRISTOPHER J. GODFREY, Chief Judge 

COLLEEN DUFFY KIKO, Judge 

VALERIE D. EVANS-HARRELL, Alternate Judge 

JURISDICTION 

On March 7, 2016 appellant filed a timely appeal from a January 11, 2016 merit decision 

and a February 17, 2016 nonmerit decision of the Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs 

(OWCP). Pursuant to the Federal Employees’ Compensation Act1 (FECA) and 20 C.F.R. 

§§ 501.2(c) and 501.3, the Board has jurisdiction over the merits of this case. 

ISSUES 

The issues are: (1) whether appellant has met her burden of proof to establish a bilateral 

hand injury causally related to factors of her federal employment; and (2) whether OWCP 

properly denied her request for further merit review of her claim pursuant to 5 U.S.C. § 8128(a). 

FACTUAL HISTORY 

On December 22, 2014 appellant, then a 58-year-old legal assistant, filed an occupational 

disease claim (Form CA-2) under file number xxxxxx913 alleging that she sustained tendinitis in 

 1

 5 U.S.C. § 8101 et seq. 
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both hands as a result of her repetitive work duties. On January 8, 2015 she filed an additional 

Form CA-2 alleging that she sustained right wrist carpal tunnel syndrome as a result of repetitive 

work duties. Appellant stopped work on January 16, 2015. On March 10, 2015 she filed a Form 

CA-2 under file number xxxxxx911 alleging bilateral hand tendinitis and the relationship 

between her condition and repetitive work duties. Appellant first became aware of her 

conditions and the relation to her federal employment on November 25, 2014. 

In these claims, appellant listed her work duties as printing hearing notices (N6) and 

absentia orders (Z1) for master class hearings, manually punching holes into forms, flipping 

through forms and inserting them into file folders, pulling and filing file folders, sorting through 

N6 forms and placing them into file folders, filing records of proceedings (ROPs), pulling ROPs 

for hearings, and data entry. She claimed that she overused her right hand while performing her 

work duties which caused cramping in that hand, tingling and a burning sensation in all five 

fingers on her left and right hands, a swollen right thumb, and trembling in her left and right 

hands. On the reverse of the three claim forms, Raymond E. Edwards, appellant’s supervisor 

and court administrator, stated that he received notice of appellant’s injury on December 3, 2014. 

On December 29, 2015 OWCP combined appellant’s claims under master file number 

xxxxxx911. 

In a December 12, 2014 progress note, Dr. Adrienne C. Evans, an attending Boardcertified internist, provided a history of injury that appellant had right hand difficulties for the 

past month with pain near the tip of her thumb (on the pad) and also at the base. She reported 

that appellant’s pain was aggravated when she struck a keyboard hard. The intermittent base 

pain seemed worse with appellant’s use of her hands. Dr. Evans noted that appellant performed 

repetitive work such as, hole punching, filing, and lifting documents. Appellant used her right 

hand more due to chronic left arm pain and an episode of cramping in her left hand. She wore a 

soft sleeve brace on the left wrist during the day. Dr. Evans reviewed appellant’s medical, 

social, and family history, and reported findings on physical examination. She provided an 

impression of bilateral hand pain, right hand paresthesia, and right wrist tendinitis. On 

January 9, 2015 Dr. Evans provided findings and diagnosed right carpal tunnel syndrome. She 

limited appellant’s data entry to 25 cases a day and restricted her from folding and stuffing 

envelopes, using a manual hole puncher, and filing more than one hour a day to reduce repetitive 

wrist motion. The period for the restrictions was eight weeks. 

By letter dated February 10, 2015, and on the reverse of the March 10, 2015 Form CA-2, 

Mr. Edwards controverted the claims. He contended that appellant claimed November 25, 2014 

injuries but had not filed a claim until January 8, 2015. Appellant worked the morning of 

November 25, 2014, was on sick leave for right hand pain in the afternoon, and for all of 

November 26, 2015. She did not notify management of her injury until December 3, 2014. 

Mr. Edwards asserted that her job duties did not include traditional data entry and typing. He 

noted that court notices and orders were generated by automated software. N6 and Z1 forms 

were printed in bulk with no repetitive movement required. Court files were prepared weeks in 

advance to avoid last-minute printing. Mr. Edwards noted that appellant was counseled several 

times from January 16 to March 26, 2014 about her case processing as she did not comply with 

her physician’s limitations. Appellant was restricted from overhead lifting more than five 

pounds due to a torn left rotator cuff which was reported on January 15, 2014. She requested 

assistance with lifting files weighing more than five pounds. In a December 3, 2014 e-mail, 
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appellant claimed that her right hand fingers had been tingling and burning for several weeks, but 

she had not notified her immediate supervisor about her condition and continued to work. She 

placed large correspondence into ROPs instead of asking for assistance. Mr. Edwards noted that 

appellant refused to comply with the reasonable accommodation that she specifically requested. 

Management assisted her by shadowing her in the courtroom and lifting heavy files, filing, and 

performing other clerical tasks for her. Appellant’s later reasonable accommodation requests 

were denied as she had not provided medical documentation. In February 2014 she refused to 

submit medical documentation to support her request to refrain from lifting more than one 

pound. On December 1, 2014 appellant withdrew her request for courtroom reconfiguration. 

She never requested an ergonomic keyboard, automatic hole puncher, prehole punched paper, 

software changes to print more efficiently, or any other similar accommodation for her alleged 

tendinitis and/or carpal tunnel syndrome. 

In an April 7, 2015 letter, OWCP notified appellant of the deficiencies of her claim and 

requested that she submit factual and medical evidence, including a detailed description of the 

work activities that she believed contributed to her claimed condition, and a physician’s opinion 

explaining how her work activities caused or aggravated her medical condition. It requested that 

the employing establishment respond to appellant’s allegations. 

By letter dated April 22, 2015, Dina Finkel, the employing establishment’s associate 

general counsel, submitted a description of appellant’s legal assistant position and Mr. Edwards’ 

February 10, 2014 letter. Appellant’s duties included being a contact for telephone callers and 

visitors, preparing reports, maintaining automated information systems and legal case files, and 

processing of legal correspondence and documents. The physical demands of the position were 

mainly sedentary, but possibly required periods of walking, standing, and bending. The demands 

also included frequent carrying of case files and other similar materials. Ms. Finkel also 

submitted December 3, 2014 correspondence in which appellant stated that she planned to file a 

workers’ compensation claim following a visit to her physician on December 12, 2014 for an 

evaluation of her right hand conditions. 

In a May 19, 2015 decision, OWCP denied appellant’s claim finding that she failed to 

establish the claimed work events and she had failed to submit medical evidence showing a 

causal relationship between her condition and work events. 

By letter dated June 16, 2015, appellant, through counsel at the time, requested 

reconsideration. Counsel asserted that, as an administrative assistant, appellant was engaged in 

repetitive motion activity throughout her workday. 

In an undated statement, appellant related that in January 2013 she was assigned to enter 

over 180 file boxes into a computer system. She processed 15 boxes a day from 7:00 a.m. to 

4:00 p.m. and had sharp right-side pain when she picked up the boxes. Appellant reported this to 

the court administrator. The next day, she had a sore on her right side. The court administrator 

placed a work table in appellant’s cubicle and put files on the table. Appellant entered the files 

alone although the job was previously done by two people. In mid-January 2013, a ganglion cyst 

returned which she reported to the court administrator. Appellant was then assigned to work a 

front desk window from 7:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. daily until August 2013. This involved retrieving 

weekend mail from a mailbox and processing it for up to three or more hours. Appellant also 

processed and date stamped three or four volumes of files in two to three large boxes delivered 
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by Federal Express (FedEx). She stamped 50 to 100 notices to appear, entered information into a 

computer system, and created a file folder for the notices. Appellant printed and mailed hearing 

notices and worksheets, placed them in folders, and printed folder labels. She opened, 

processed, and date stamped regular mail and motions, including computer entries. Appellant 

answered 100 or more telephone calls a day and handled filings until closing at 4:00 p.m. On 

master calendar hearing days, she answered questions from attorneys and respondents and 

burned compact discs (CDs) for attorneys. Appellant attributed her throbbing right hand pain to 

excessive movement while performing these work duties. She reported her condition and 

requested assistance. The court administrator gave her no assistance and suggested she contact a 

reasonable accommodation coordinator. 

In August 2013 appellant was assigned to a judge and returned to her desk. She received 

minimal training for her to return to the courtroom. After her November 13, 2013 left wrist 

surgery, appellant returned to work on December 2, 2013. She increased the use of her right 

hand to compensate for her left hand. Appellant’s physician placed her on light duty, but the 

court administrator put her on full duty. Appellant’s healing left hand caused her to fall behind 

in her work, including processing cases for master calendar hearings because her workload 

increased. In November 2014 she began feeling tingling and burning in her right hand and 

fingers. Appellant dropped objects from her hand and it took longer to pick them up. On 

November 25, 2014 her right hand began to cramp while manually punching holes into 70 to 80 

forms. Appellant had thumb pain and swelling. She reported her condition to Mercedes Torres, 

a legal assistant supervisor, and left work that date. Appellant returned to work on 

November 27, 2014. On December 12, 2014 she was diagnosed with tendinitis in both hands. 

On January 8, 2015 appellant was diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome. 

In a medical reports and progress notes dated February 22, 2013 to June 11, 2015, 

Dr. Evans provided appellant’s history of injury, examination findings, and test results. She 

reiterated her diagnoses of right wrist carpal tunnel syndrome, bilateral hand pain, right hand 

paresthesia, and right wrist tendinitis. Dr. Evans diagnosed myofascial muscle pain and left hand 

ganglion cyst. She noted that appellant’s work duties as an administrative assistant included data 

entry of 70 to 80 cases a day, filing, lifting above shoulder height, carrying large files weighing 

up to 16 pounds, stapling, manual hole punching, and keyboarding. Dr. Evans opined that the 

diagnoses were caused by her work duties. 

In July 6 and 17, 2015 letters, Ms. Finkel refuted appellant’s allegations about receiving 

assistance and reasonable accommodations. She noted that appellant was initially provided with 

reasonable accommodations on a temporary basis pending receipt of medical documentation, but 

after she refused to submit the requested documentation, the accommodations were terminated. 

Appellant’s leave requests were denied according to an April 11, 2014 leave restriction letter. 

Her leave was restricted because she repeatedly called out of work at the last minute, particularly 

on days when master calendar hearings were held, and she excessively used leave. Ms. Finkel 

disputed that appellant processed 15 boxes of filings every day. Employing establishment 

records noted that she processed 185 boxes over a five-month period. In an e-mail, appellant 

reported to Mr. Edwards that she had processed five boxes in one day. Ms. Finkel related that 

appellant’s requests for reasonable accommodation in the winter and spring of 2015 were denied 
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because granting her requests would have imposed an undue burden on court operations. 

Instead, Mr. Edwards granted her long-term leave which she accepted.2 

In reports and progress notes dated February 22, 2013 to June 11, 2015, Dr. Evans noted 

appellant’s history of injury, provided findings on examination, and reiterated her diagnoses of 

bilateral hand pain, right hand paresthesia, right wrist tendinitis, ganglion cyst of the wrist, and 

right carpal tunnel syndrome. In the May 15, 2015 report and June 11, 2015 partial report, she 

opined that appellant’s chronic and recurrent hand and wrist problems were exacerbated by her 

work as an administrative assistant. Dr. Evans related that appellant was at risk for developing 

this condition based on her gender and obesity. She advised that repetitive motions of 

appellant’s hands and wrists while performing her clerical duties, which included but were not 

limited to filing, carrying large files, lifting files above shoulder height, stapling, manual hole 

punching, and keyboarding, triggered her right wrist carpal tunnel syndrome, overuse tendinitis, 

and wrist sprain. 

In a September 3, 2015 decision, OWCP denied modification of the May 19, 2015 

decision. It found that the record was unclear as to how often appellant performed the duties she 

claimed caused injuries to her hands. 

On September 13, 2015 appellant requested reconsideration. In September 14 and 16, 

2015 letters, she related her hand and wrist conditions to her repetitive work duties. Appellant 

asserted that neither Mr. Edwards nor a legal assistant helped her enter boxes of Federal Records 

Center files and that, in September 2012, she processed 13 boxes of 42Bs before going on 

medical leave. 

E-mails dated March 22, 2012 to June 3, 2014 between appellant and the employing 

establishment indicated that she handled boxes of files and pulled cases without assistance, and 

requested accommodation of her work restrictions. She reported pain in her left upper arm, right 

and left shoulders, and neck after processing regular and FedEx mail and pulling ROPs and 

inserting worksheets and hearing notices for 45 cases. 

In a January 11, 2016 decision, OWCP denied modification of the September 3, 2015 

decision. It found that the evidence submitted did not resolve factual discrepancies regarding the 

extent of appellant’s work duties. OWCP stated that there was no need to address the medical 

evidence since the factual aspect of the claim was not established. 

By letter dated January 18, 2016, appellant requested reconsideration of the January 11, 

2016 decision and submitted evidence. Accompanying the request was a May 20, 2014 e-mail 

 2

 Supporting documents included January 7, 2013 to March 10, 2014 e-mails between appellant and the 

employing establishment noting that she processed five boxes in one day, management provided reasonable 

accommodations from lifting these boxes, management instructed her to request assistance with heavy lifting, and 

management’s request for medical documentation to support accommodation requests. A September 25, 2013 

telephone conference summary and an October 30, 2013 e-mail between appellant and the employing establishment 

addressed her accommodation requests. In February 4, March 5, 2014, January 14, March 25 and 26, 2015 letters, 

Mr. Edwards noted appellant’s disregard for her restriction and her failure to submit medical documentation to 

support her accommodation requests. On April 11, 2014 Ms. Torres issued appellant a leave restriction letter based 

on her leave usage over the past six months. 
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and statement, in which Mr. Edwards scheduled a meeting with appellant and Ms. Torres to 

discuss work matters. 

In a February 28, 2014 report, Dr. Erika Gordon Gantt, a Board-certified orthopedic 

surgeon, examined appellant and advised that she was doing well three months status post left 

wrist dorsal ganglion cyst. On January 8, 2015 Dr. Joseph N. Chipman, a Board-certified 

neurologist, noted that appellant complained about bilateral hand numbness for two to three 

months. Nerve conduction study/electromyogram (NCS/EMG) results were abnormal with 

evidence of mild-to-moderate right median mononeuropathy at the wrist (carpal tunnel 

syndrome). 

In a March 20, 2015 report, Dr. Evans opined that appellant would continue having 

carpal tunnel symptoms if she remained in her current position and performed her current duties. 

She concluded that appellant’s prognosis for recovery was poor. Appellant submitted Dr. Evans’ 

entire June 11, 2015 report which found that her repetitive work duties as an administrative 

assistant caused her right wrist carpal tunnel syndrome, overuse tendinitis, and wrist sprain. She 

also resubmitted other evidence previously of record. 

In a decision dated February 17, 2016, OWCP denied appellant’s reconsideration request 

finding that the evidence presented was not sufficient to warrant a merit review. 

LEGAL PRECEDENT -- ISSUE 1 

An employee seeking benefits under FECA has the burden of proof to establish the 

essential elements of his or her claim, including the fact that the individual is an employee of the 

United States within the meaning of FECA, that the claim was filed within the applicable time 

limitation, that an injury was sustained while in the performance of duty as alleged and that any 

disability and/or specific condition for which compensation is claimed are causally related to the 

employment injury.3

 These are the essential elements of each and every compensation claim 

regardless of whether the claim is predicated on a traumatic injury or an occupational disease.4

Whether an employee actually sustained an injury in the performance of duty begins with 

an analysis of whether fact of injury has been established.5

 To establish fact of injury in an 

occupational disease claim, an employee must submit: (1) a factual statement identifying 

employment factors alleged to have caused or contributed to the presence or occurrence of the 

disease or condition; (2) medical evidence establishing the presence or existence of the disease or 

condition for which compensation is claimed; and (3) medical evidence establishing that the 

diagnosed condition is causally related to the employment factors identified by the employee.6

 

 3 C.S., Docket No. 08-1585 (issued March 3, 2009); Elaine Pendleton, 40 ECAB 1143 (1989). 

 4 S.P., 59 ECAB 184 (2007); Victor J. Woodhams, 41 ECAB 345 (1989); Joe D. Cameron, 41 ECAB 153 (1989). 

5 S.P., id.

6 R.R., Docket No. 08-2010 (issued April 3, 2009); Roy L. Humphrey, 57 ECAB 238, 241 (2005). 
7

An employee’s statement that an injury occurred at a given time and in a given manner is 

of great probative value and will stand unless refuted by strong or persuasive evidence.7 

Moreover, an injury does not have to be confirmed by eyewitnesses. The employee’s statement, 

however, must be consistent with the surrounding facts and circumstances and her subsequent 

course of action. An employee has not met her burden in establishing the occurrence of an injury 

when there are such inconsistencies in the evidence as to cast serious doubt upon the validity of 

the claim. Circumstances such as late notification of injury, lack of confirmation of injury, 

continuing to work without apparent difficulty following the alleged injury, and failure to obtain 

medical treatment may, if otherwise unexplained, cast doubt on an employee’s statement in 

determining whether a prima facie case has been established.8

The medical evidence required to establish a causal relationship is rationalized medical 

opinion evidence. The opinion of the physician must be based on a complete factual and medical 

background of the employee, must be one of reasonable certainty, and must be supported by 

medical rationale explaining the nature of the relationship between the diagnosed condition and 

the specific employment factors identified by the employee.9

 Neither the fact that appellant’s 

condition became apparent during a period of employment nor, her belief that the condition was 

caused by her employment is sufficient to establish a causal relationship.10

ANALYSIS -- ISSUE 1 

Appellant attributed bilateral hand conditions to her work duties. OWCP found that she 

failed to establish the factual component of her claim. The Board finds that the evidence 

establishes that appellant, as a legal assistant, engaged in duties related to this position. 

In her claim forms and other statements, appellant identified daily work duties that she 

believed caused her bilateral hand condition. She printed and mailed N6 notices and Z1 orders 

for master class hearings, punched holes into forms, inserted forms into file folders, pulled and 

filed file folders, sorted through N6 forms that she placed into file folders, filed ROPs and pulled 

them for hearings, and performed data entry. During her front desk window assignment, 

appellant processed multiple boxes of files a day, retrieved and processed mail and boxes 

delivered by FedEx, answered 100 or more telephone calls a day, answered questions from 

attorneys and respondents, and burned CDs for attorneys. A description of her legal assistant 

position included being a telephone contact, preparing reports, maintaining automated 

information systems and legal case files, and processing of legal correspondence and documents. 

The physical requirements of the job were mainly sedentary, but required periods of 

walking, standing, bending, and frequently carrying case files and similar materials. 

Mr. Edwards, appellant’s supervisor, acknowledged that she processed oversized files of 

documents even though he stated that she should have requested assistance. Ms. Finkel, the 

employing establishment’s associate general counsel, contended that appellant processed five 

 7 R.T., Docket No. 08-408 (issued December 16, 2008); Gregory J. Reser, 57 ECAB 277 (2005). 

8 Betty J. Smith, 54 ECAB 174 (2002). 

 9 I.J., 59 ECAB 408 (2008); Victor J. Woodhams, supra note 4 at 351-52. 

 10 Kathryn Haggerty, 45 ECAB 383, 389 (1994). 
8

boxes of filings a day rather than 15 boxes as alleged. Thus, she merely disputed the quantity of 

boxes of filings processed by appellant and not the fact that she processed these boxes. 

Mr. Edwards contended that appellant provided late notification of injury as she did not report 

her injury until December 3, 2014. Appellant’s notification of injury on that date was provided 

only eight days after she became aware of her injury and its relationship to her employment on 

November 24, 2014. This does not constitute late notification of injury. The Board finds that 

appellant has sufficiently identified and established the work factors that she believed caused an 

employment injury.11 The Board shall therefore set aside the January 11, 2016 merit decision 

and the February 17, 2016 nonmerit decision and remand this case for consideration of the 

medical evidence. After any further development that is deemed necessary, OWCP shall issue a 

de novo decision as to whether appellant has met her burden of proof to establish a work injury 

causally related to the accepted employment factors.12

CONCLUSION 

The Board finds that appellant has met her burden of proof to establish factors of her 

federal employment that she has alleged caused an employment injury.

ORDER 

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT the February 17 and January 11, 2016 decisions of 

the Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs are set aside and that the case remanded for 

further action in conformance with this decision. 

Issued: August 12, 2016 

Washington, DC 

 

 Christopher J. Godfrey, Chief Judge 

 Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board 

 

 Colleen Duffy Kiko, Judge 

 Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board 

 

 Valerie D. Evans-Harrell, Alternate Judge 

 Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board 

 11 See Louise F. Garnett, 47 ECAB 639 (1996); Loise G. Moore, 20 ECAB 165 (1968). 

12 Due to the disposition of issue 1, issue 2 is rendered moot and need not be addressed by the Board.