United States Department of Labor 

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board 

__________________________________________ 

M.T., Appellant 

and 

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, 

FEDERAL MOTOR CARRIER SAFETY 

ADMINISTRATION, Austin, TX, Employer 

__________________________________________ 

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Docket No. 14-0366 

Issued: January 6, 2016 

Appearances: Case Submitted on the Record

Appellant, pro se 

Office of Solicitor, for the Director 

DECISION AND ORDER 

Before: 

COLLEEN DUFFY KIKO, Judge 

ALEC J. KOROMILAS, Alternate Judge 

JAMES A. HAYNES, Alternate Judge 

JURISDICTION 

On December 2, 2013 appellant filed a timely appeal from a September 19, 2013 merit 

decision of the Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs (OWCP) denying his claim for 

compensation. Pursuant to the Federal Employees’ Compensation Act1

 (FECA) and 20 C.F.R. 

§§ 501.2(c) and 501.3, the Board has jurisdiction over the merits of this case. 

ISSUE 

The issue is whether appellant has met his burden of proof to establish that his diagnosed 

back condition is causally related to the accepted April 25, 2011 injury. 

FACTUAL HISTORY 

On April 25, 2011 appellant, then a 45-year-old safety auditor, filed a traumatic injury 

claim (Form CA-1). He reported that on that day at 6:30 a.m. he picked up his suitcase, which 

 1

 5 U.S.C. § 8101 et seq. 
2

weighed approximately 50 pounds, to place it in the back of his pick-up truck, when he felt a pop 

on the right side of his lower back followed by excruciating pain. The employing establishment 

indicated that the injury occurred before work hours while appellant was preparing to travel.2 

The claim was treated as a minor injury with minimal, or no, time lost from work. The 

employing establishment did not controvert the claim and OWCP administratively approved 

limited medical expenses. 

Approximately two years later, on May 8, 2013, OWCP received a claim for wage loss 

and leave buyback for the period April 25 through October 26, 2011. Appellant also filed a 

Form CA-7a and a Form CA-7b. OWCP reopened his claim as the merits had never been 

adjudicated. 

In support of his claim, appellant submitted a December 2, 2011 magnetic resonance 

imaging (MRI) scan of the lumbar spine, and a December 19, 2012 Texas Workers’ 

Compensation Work Status report. He also provided reports from Rafael Olacio, a physician 

assistant, dated October 15 and 29, 2012, and January 10, 2013. Appellant also offered reports 

from Jose Ortega, also a physician assistant, dated November 5 and 27, 2012, and reports dated 

December 19 and 28, 2012 from Hugo Saravia, a physician assistant. 

In a May 23, 2013 letter, OWCP advised appellant that his claim was being formally 

adjudicated. It stated that the evidence received was insufficient to establish that he actually 

experienced the incident alleged to have caused injury and that the evidence was also insufficient 

to support that he was injured in the performance of duty. Appellant was given 30 days to 

submit a response to the questionnaire and to provide medical evidence in support of his claim, 

including a physician’s opinion supported by a medical explanation which explained how the 

reported work incident had caused or aggravated the claimed injury. 

Appellant provided a June 12, 2013 report from Mr. Ortega in which he found that 

appellant had been evaluated for a bulging lumbar disc. Mr. Ortega noted that lumbar 

discomfort and pain had been a chronic but intermittent problem until an acute exacerbation of 

pain had started five days previously, when appellant had been pushing a front gate at work. 

By decision dated June 25, 2013, OWCP denied the claim finding that appellant had not 

provided a factual basis for his claim and, in addition, there was no medical evidence to establish 

that a diagnosed medical condition was causally related to the event of April 25, 2011. 

On July 15, 2013 appellant requested reconsideration and submitted a July 15, 2013 

statement, a completed questionnaire dated June 13, 2013, and a duplicate copy of his notice of 

injury claim (Form CA-1). He provided a July 2, 2011 Form CA-16 (authorization for 

examination and/or treatment) for an October 27, 2011 incident in which he had allegedly lifted a 

computer bag and aggravated his low back condition and an April 26, 2011 Form CA-16 for the 

April 25, 2011 incident of lifting a suitcase to place it in his pick-up truck. 

 2

 The record establishes that on that morning appellant was packing for work-related travel to Connecticut. 

OWCP determined that at the time of the alleged incident appellant was within the performance of duty. 
3

In a July 15, 2009 form, Dr. Norma Cavazos Salas, an osteopath, wrote that she had first 

examined appellant on July 16, 2009 for low back pain. She diagnosed sciatica, lumbar strain 

and lower back pain. The treatment dates listed for appellant included April 25, 2011. 

An undated medical report received by OWCP on June 27, 2013 and signed by Dr. Salas 

reported that appellant was seen on April 25, 2011 and that appellant reported lifting a suitcase 

when he felt a pop to the low back area. Appellant reported prior history of herniated disc and 

lumbar disc disease but with acute aggravation of his chronic pain. Dr. Salas noted appellant’s 

complaints of increased pain with radiation to the right buttock, right anterior and posterior thigh 

and calf as well as stiffness to the low back and muscular spasm. No lumbar spine x-rays were 

taken. Appellant was noted to have tenderness to the lower lumbar spinal area with paraspinal 

muscle tenderness. He had full range of motion in his lumbar spine and was neurologically 

intact with the exception of a positive straight leg raise test on the right. The report offered a 

diagnosis of acute lumbar strain with sciatica and stated that appellant was treated conservatively 

with pain medication and physical therapy. Appellant improved clinically and was released to 

light duty on May 7, 2011. A December 2, 2011 MRI scan of the lumbar spine showed small 

central disc protrusion L4-5 and multilevel degenerative disc disease L2-3, L3-4 and L4-5. 

Dr. Salas’ report stated that an acute lumbar strain caused strain and tension in 

appellant’s spine. Appellant’s history of a herniated disc prevented his spine from absorbing the 

full impact of the strain/tension and that the supporting musculature sustained the full stress. His 

herniated disc accentuated his lumbar strain. 

By decision dated September 19, 2013, OWCP modified its prior decision to reflect that 

the fact of injury had been established but denied the claim because causal relationship had not 

been established. 

LEGAL PRECEDENT 

An employee seeking benefits under FECA has the burden of proof to establish the 

essential elements of his or her claim, including the fact that the individual is an employee of the 

United States within the meaning of FECA, that the claim was filed within the applicable time 

limitation, that an injury was sustained while in the performance of duty as alleged and that any 

disability and/or specific condition for which compensation is claimed are causally related to the 

employment injury.3

 These are the essential elements of each and every compensation claim 

regardless of whether the claim is predicated on a traumatic injury or an occupational disease.4

 

To determine whether a federal employee has sustained a traumatic injury in the 

performance of duty, it must first be determined whether a fact of injury has been established. A 

fact of injury determination is based on two elements. First, the employee must submit sufficient 

evidence to establish that he actually experienced the employment incident at the time, place, and 

in the manner alleged. Second, the employee must submit sufficient evidence, generally only in 

the form of medical evidence, to establish that the employment incident caused a personal injury. 

 3 C.S., Docket No. 08-1585 (issued March 3, 2009); Bonnie A. Contreras, 57 ECAB 364 (2006). 

4 S.P., 59 ECAB 184 (2007); Joe D. Cameron, 41 ECAB 153 (1989). 
4

An employee may establish that the employment incident occurred as alleged but fail to show 

that his or her condition relates to the employment incident.5 

Whether an employee sustained an injury in the performance of duty requires the 

submission of rationalized medical opinion evidence.6

 The opinion of the physician must be 

based on a complete factual and medical background of the employee, must be one of reasonable 

medical certainty and must be supported by medical rationale explaining the nature of the 

relationship between the diagnosed condition and the specific employment factors identified by 

the employee.7

 The weight of the medical evidence is determined by its reliability, its probative 

value, its convincing quality, the care of analysis manifested and the medical rationale expressed 

in support of the physician’s opinion.8 Neither the mere fact that a disease or condition 

manifests itself during a period of employment nor the belief that the disease or condition was 

caused or aggravated by employment factors or incidents is sufficient to establish causal 

relationship.9 

ANALYSIS 

OWCP accepted that on April 25, 2011 appellant was in the performance of duty when he 

lifted his suitcase to put in the back of his pick-up truck. It denied his claim because he failed to 

submit sufficient medical evidence to establish that his diagnosed low back condition was caused 

or aggravated by this activity. The Board finds that OWCP properly denied the claim as the 

medical evidence fails to establish that his back injury was caused by the accepted employment 

incident on April 25, 2011.10 

In the undated medical narrative, Dr. Salas provides a history similar to that provided by 

appellant of the April 25, 2011 incident, noting that appellant was lifting a suitcase when he felt 

a pop to the low back area. The report indicates that appellant was seen that day approximately 

three to four hours after the incident. The report notes symptoms and provides examination 

findings of lumbar tenderness, paraspinal muscle tenderness, and a positive straight leg raise test 

on the right. The report diagnosed acute lumbar strain with sciatica which occurred because of a 

strain and tension on appellant’s lower back. The report finds that a herniated disc prevented 

appellant’s spine from absorbing the full impact of the strain, causing the supporting musculature 

of the low back to sustain the full impact of the lifting of the suitcase. 

The report of Dr. Salas is unpersuasive for several reasons. First, although the report is 

undated, it was first received by OWCP June 27, 2013. This is two years after appellant’s 

 5 See Shirley A. Temple, 48 ECAB 404, 407 (1997); John J. Carlone 41 ECAB 354, 356-57 (1989). 

6 See J.Z., 58 ECAB 529, 531 (2007); Paul E. Thams, 56 ECAB 503, 511 (2005). 

7 I.J., 59 ECAB 408, 415 (2008); Victor J. Woodhams, 41 ECAB 345, 352 (1989). 

8 James Mack, 43 ECAB 321, 329 (1991). 

9 Dennis M. Mascarenas, 49 ECAB 215 (1997). 

10 The Board notes that the only relevant evidence pertaining to the April 25, 2011 injury is the undated medical 

narrative from Dr. Salas. 
5

April 25, 2011 incident. The report contains no explanation for this two-year delay, nor does it 

discuss the intervening events between 2011 and 2013. It is necessary to bridge gaps in the 

medical record, where possible.11 Secondly, the report contains no affirmative statement by 

Dr. Salas that she examined appellant on April 25, 2011. The report is phrased entirely in the 

passive voice without reference to an actual examination. There is no indication of a review of 

appellant’s extensive history as a part of the process of rendering an opinion on causal 

connection. As such the Board finds that the undated report, standing alone, is insufficient to 

meet appellant’s burden of proof.12

Further, the report of Dr. Salas lacks probative value as it does not discuss appellant’s 

extensive history of back problems which pre-date the April 25, 2011 incident. The facts 

disclose that appellant had a bulging disc and a history of chronic intermittent back pain 

extending back to 2009. Dr. Salas reports that she had treated appellant since that year yet the 

record contains no significant information about appellant’s preexisting condition. Thus the 

opinion of Dr. Salas is not sufficiently rationalized or reflective of a full medical review.13

Finally, undated, or misdated medical records themselves may be of diminished probative 

value for that reason. When a medical report is undated, it becomes difficult to assess its age or 

its reliability and to weigh its value against that of other evidence.14 The Board has disfavored 

medical reports which carry a recent date, but which are based on examinations and record 

reviews performed years earlier.15 

The record contains a Form CA-16 dated April 26, 2011. If an employing establishment 

properly executes a Form CA-16, which authorizes medical treatment as a result of an 

employee’s claim for an employment-related injury, the CA-16 form creates a contractual 

obligation, which does not involve the employee directly, to pay for the cost of the examination 

or treatment regardless of the action taken on the claim.16 The record is silent as to whether 

OWCP paid for the cost of appellant’s examination or treatment for the period noted on the form. 

Upon return of the case record to OWCP, it should further evaluate this aspect of the case. 

 11 Joel Randolph, 8 ECAB 213 (1955). 

12 Supra note 8. 

13 See Donald P. Lass, 31 ECAB 1806 (1980). 

14 S.I., Docket No. 15-374 (issued April 6, 2015). 

15 L.T., Docket No. 13-997 (issued June 10, 2014). 

16 See Tracy P. Spillane, 54 ECAB 608 (2003). 
6

CONCLUSION 

The Board finds that appellant did not meet his burden of proof to establish that his 

diagnosed back condition was causally related to the accepted April 25, 2011 injury. 

ORDER 

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT the September 19, 2013 decision of the Office of 

Workers’ Compensation Programs is affirmed.17 

Issued: January 6, 2016 

Washington, DC 

 

 Colleen Duffy Kiko, Judge 

 Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board 

 

 Alec J. Koromilas, Alternate Judge 

 Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board 

 17 James A. Haynes, Alternate Judge participated in the original decision but was no longer a member of the 

Board effective November 16, 2015.