United States Department of Labor 

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board 

__________________________________________ 

L.M., Appellant 

and 

U.S. POSTAL SERVICE, POST OFFICE, 

Paterson, NJ, Employer 

__________________________________________ 

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Docket No. 16-0481 

Issued: June 17, 2016 

Appearances: Case Submitted on the Record

James D. Muirhead, Esq., for the appellant 

Office of Solicitor, for the Director 

DECISION AND ORDER 

Before: 

COLLEEN DUFFY KIKO, Judge 

ALEC J. KOROMILAS, Alternate Judge 

VALERIE D. EVANS-HARRELL, Alternate Judge 

JURISDICTION 

On January 19, 2016 appellant, through counsel, filed a timely appeal of an August 31, 

2015 merit decision of the Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs (OWCP). Pursuant to 

the Federal Employees’ Compensation Act1

 (FECA) and 20 C.F.R. §§ 501.2(c) and 501.3, the 

Board has jurisdiction to consider the merits of this case. 

ISSUE 

The issue is whether appellant met her burden of proof to establish an injury on 

November 8, 2011 causally related to the accepted employment incident. 

On appeal appellant, through counsel, contends that the medical reports of appellant’s 

treating physician established her claim. 

 1

 5 U.S.C. § 8101 et seq. 
2

FACTUAL HISTORY 

On November 8, 2011 appellant, then a 38-year-old letter carrier, filed a recurrence of 

disability claim (Form CA-2a). She related that her original injury to her back and neck occurred 

on October 30, 2010, but on November 8, 2011 she felt pain in her back and neck, and shortness 

of breath while loading a package into her truck. Appellant stopped work on November 8, 2011. 

The employing establishment controverted the claim. It related that she was found fit for duty 

after her prior injury and that she had returned to work on October 21, 2011. The employing 

establishment alleged that appellant had complained of back pain prior to loading the vehicle. 

By letter dated February 1, 2012, OWCP advised appellant that it was treating her 

recurrence claim as a traumatic injury claim.2

 It allotted her 30 days to submit additional factual 

and medical evidence. Appellant did not submit medical evidence or any other documentation 

with her claim. 

By decision dated March 2, 2012, OWCP denied appellant’s claim as she had not 

established fact of injury. It explained that she did not establish that the November 8, 2011 

incident occurred as alleged. 

On March 12, 2012 appellant requested reconsideration. In support of her request for 

reconsideration, appellant submitted multiple medical reports from her treating Board-certified 

orthopedic surgeon, Dr. David B. Basch. In a March 6, 2012 report, Dr. Basch noted that 

appellant had recently sustained a work injury which occurred on October 30, 2010. He noted 

that appellant attempted to return to work in October 2011, but that in the process of loading a 

truck she became symptomatic. Dr. Basch diagnosed chronic cervical strain with disc bulging at 

C4-C5, C5-C6, and C6-C7 with indentation on the spinal cord, rule out right-sided 

radiculopathy. He also found chronic lumbar strain with internal disc disruption at L4-L5 with 

facet joint arthropathy. Dr. Basch noted that appellant remained disabled. Appellant also 

submitted reports by Dr. Basch dated April 3 through May 7, 2012. In these reports, Dr. Basch 

reiterated appellant’s diagnoses, and stated that appellant needed a magnetic resonance imaging 

(MRI) scan. 

In a June 13, 2012 decision, OWCP found that the evidence was insufficient to establish 

that an employment incident occurred on November 18, 2011. Accordingly, it denied 

modification of the prior decision. 

In a May 29, 2012 report, Dr. Basch reiterated appellant’s diagnoses and restrictions. He 

stated that it remained his medical opinion that appellant’s symptoms and injuries were directly 

and causally related to her work injury of October 30, 2010. Dr. Basch noted that appellant was 

under a pain management program with a home exercise program and medication, and that she 

should continue with her work restrictions, which limited her to sedentary work. In a June 26, 

2012 report, he noted that he saw appellant on that date and that she was in moderate distress. 

 2

 20 C.F.R. § 10.5(15), (16) defines a traumatic injury as a wound or other injury caused by a specific event or 

incident within a single workday or shift, where as an occupational injury is defined a s a condition produced in the 

work environment over a period longer than a single workday or shift. 
3

Dr. Basch reiterated appellant’s diagnoses and restrictions, and indicated that she had failed 

conservative treatment. 

In a July 18, 2013 decision, OWCP determined that the factual component of fact of 

injury had been established, but found that the medical evidence was deficient. 

Appellant continued to submit reports from Dr. Basch. In reports dated August 27, 2013 

and January 14, 2014, Dr. Basch opined that appellant’s diagnoses were causally related to the 

work injury of November 8, 2011. He also noted that appellant’s prognosis remained guarded 

and that she continued to experience significant residual sequelae following the work injury of 

November 8, 2011. 

On February 14, 2014 appellant, through counsel, requested reconsideration. 

In support of her reconsideration request, appellant submitted additional reports from 

Dr. Basch. In a February 11, 2014 report, Dr. Basch noted that appellant was seen on 

November 15, 2011 for a November 8, 2011 injury. He indicated that appellant reported at that 

time that she was attempting to move a package while loading her mail delivery truck and felt a 

sharp severe pain in her low back. Dr. Basch noted that appellant would continue with her home 

exercise program and return to sedentary work. In a March 11, 2014 report, he noted that it 

remained his opinion that appellant’s conditions were directly caused by the employment 

incident of November 8, 2011. Dr. Basch noted that appellant had a long history of conservative 

care but remained symptomatic. He stated that appellant remained completely disabled and was 

unable to return to work in any capacity. 

In a May 1, 2014 decision, OWCP denied modification of its prior decisions. It noted 

that, although the evidence of the file was sufficient to establish a diagnosed condition, causal 

relationship had not been established. 

Appellant continued to submit progress reports from Dr. Basch. In a May 27, 2014 

report, Dr. Basch repeated appellant’s diagnoses and also reiterated that appellant’s symptoms 

and injuries were directly and causally related to the work injury which occurred on 

November 8, 2011. He noted that appellant had failed a long course of conservative care as well 

as interventional pain management and injections, and he noted that appellant had been made 

aware of further treatment options including surgical intervention. 

In his June 24, 2014 report, Dr. Basch again concluded that appellant’s symptoms and 

conditions were directly caused by the work injury of November 8, 2011. He added that 

appellant remained disabled and was unable to work in any capacity. 

On August 18, 2014 Dr. Basch related that he reviewed his medical records regarding 

appellant’s November 8, 2011 injury. He noted that appellant was working at the employing 

establishment loading parcels into her vehicle. Dr. Basch noted that appellant stated that, to 

perform this activity, he had to bend her back repeatedly in an awkward position, reach over and 

bend down into a hamper, lift parcels, and twist around to put the packages in the vehicle. He 

further noted that appellant had previous injuries to her back and neck related to a work injury of 

October 30, 2010. Dr. Basch opined that this mechanism of injury of using improper back 

mechanics on November 8, 2011 caused significant exacerbation/aggravation of her cervical and 
4

lumbar conditions. He noted that the diagnoses he noted in his office notes remained unchanged. 

Dr. Basch concluded that appellant’s current diagnoses were causally related to the injury of 

November 8, 2011. He noted that, although MRI scan evaluation of the lumbar spine was 

ordered in 2013, it had not been performed. 

By letter dated October 6, 2014, appellant, through counsel, requested reconsideration. 

She continued to submit reports by Dr. Basch indicating that appellant remained disabled due to 

the previously diagnosed conditions. 

By decision dated February 20, 2015, OWCP denied modification of the May 1, 2014 

decision. It found that the medical evidence of record was not sufficiently rationalized to 

establish causal relationship. 

By letter dated July 1, 2015, appellant, through counsel, requested reconsideration. In 

support thereof, he submitted a March 17, 2015 report wherein Dr. Basch stated that he had 

requested an MRI scan evaluation of appellant’s lumbar spine following her work injury of 

November 8, 2011 on multiple occasions, including on May 7 and July 30, 2013, but that these 

requests had been ignored. Counsel reiterated that appellant’s diagnoses were: (1) chronic 

cervical strain with disc bulging at C4-C5, C5-C6, and C6-C7 with compression upon the spinal 

cord with bilateral radiculitis and neurological involvement; and (2) chronic lumbar strain with 

internal disc disruption at L4-L5 with facet arthopathy, rule out adjacent level disease with 

recurrent disc herniation. He concluded that appellant’s conditions were causally related to her 

November 8, 2011 employment incident as she was able to complete her essential job duties and 

deal with chronic lumbar strain until the injury of November 8, 2011. Counsel noted that this 

incident caused an exacerbation of her conditions due to improper back mechanics when she was 

forced to load her work truck in an awkward position, which caused her severe pain including 

radiculitis. He opined that appellant still required an updated MRI scan evaluation of her lumbar 

spine, and has been instructed to proceed with left laminectomy and discectomy at L4-L5. 

Counsel stated that appellant was disabled and unable to return to work in any capacity. 

By decision dated August 31, 2015, OWCP denied modification of its prior decision. It 

found that the evidence of record did not substantiate causal relationship. 

LEGAL PRECEDENT 

An employee seeking benefits under FECA has the burden of establishing the essential 

elements of his or her claim, including the fact that the individual is an employee of the United 

States within the meaning of FECA, that the claim was timely filed within the applicable time 

limitation period of FECA, that an injury was sustained in the performance of duty as alleged, 

and that any disability and/or specific condition for which compensation is claimed are causally 

related to the employment injury. These are the essential elements of each and every 

compensation claim regardless of whether the claim is predicated upon a traumatic injury or an 

occupational disease.3

 

 3 Jussara L. Arcanjo, 55 ECAB 281, 283 (2004). 
5

In order to determine whether an employee actually sustained an injury in the 

performance of duty, OWCP begins with an analysis of whether fact of injury has been 

established. Generally, fact of injury consists of two components, which must be considered in 

conjunction with one another. The first component to be established is that the employee 

actually experienced the employment incident or exposure, which is alleged to have occurred.4 

In order to meet his or her burden of proof to establish the fact that he or she sustained an injury 

in the performance of duty, an employee must submit sufficient evidence to establish that he or 

she actually experienced the employment injury or exposure at the time, place, and in the manner 

alleged.5

The second component is whether the employment incident caused a personal injury and 

generally can be established only by medical evidence.6

 The medical evidence required to 

establish causal relationship is usually rationalized medical evidence. Rationalized medical 

opinion evidence is medical evidence which includes a physician’s rationalized opinion on the 

issue of whether there is a causal relationship between the claimant’s diagnosed condition and 

the implicated employment factors. The opinion of the physician must be based on a complete 

factual and medical background of the claimant, must be one of reasonable medical certainty, 

and must be supported by medical rationale explaining the nature of the relationship between the 

diagnosed condition and the specific employment factors identified by the claimant.7

ANALYSIS 

Appellant alleged that she sustained an employment-related injury on November 8, 2011 

while loading a package onto her vehicle. OWCP determined that the employment incident 

occurred as alleged. Based on the medical reports of Dr. Basch, appellant’s treating orthopedic 

surgeon, appellant established medical diagnoses of chronic cervical strain with disc bulging at 

C4-C5, C5-C6, and C6-C7 with indentation on the spinal cord and chronic lumbar strain with 

internal disc disruption at L4-L5 with facet joint arthropathy. However, OWCP denied 

appellant’s claim as it found that she had failed to establish causal relationship between the 

accepted employment incident and the medical diagnoses. 

In support, appellant and her counsel submitted medical reports from Dr. Basch. In 

multiple medical reports, Dr. Basch opined that appellant’s diagnoses were causally related to 

her employment injury of November 8, 2011. He noted appellant’s assertion that she hurt herself 

while loading her mail delivery truck and felt a sharp severe pain in her lower back. In a 

June 24, 2014 report, appellant recounted to Dr. Basch that she had to bend her back repeatedly 

in an awkward position, and had to reach over and bend down into the hamper and lift parcels 

and twist to put them in her vehicle. Dr. Basch noted that she had prior injuries to her back and 

neck related to an employment injury of October 30, 2010. He opined that the mechanism of 

 4 See Elaine Pendleton, 40 ECAB 1143 (1989); Federal (FECA) Procedure Manual, Part 2 -- Claims, Fact of 

Injury, Chapter 2.803(2)(a) (August 2012). 

5 Linda S. Jackson, 49 ECAB 486 (1998). 

6 John J. Carlone, 41 ECAB 354 (1989); Horace Langhorne, 29 ECAB 820 (1978). 

7 Judith A. Peot, 46 ECAB 1036 (1995); Ruby I. Fish, 46 ECAB 276 (1994). 
6

injury of using improper back mechanics on November 8, 2011 caused significant 

exacerbation/aggravation of her cervical and lumbar spine conditions. In a March 17, 2015 

report, Dr. Basch reiterated that improper back mechanics caused her severe pain including 

radiculitis. In this report, he noted that appellant had been able to complete her duties until the 

injury of November 8, 2011, which marked a significant exacerbation of her conditions. 

The Board finds that Dr. Basch’s reports are insufficient to meet appellant’s burden of 

proof with regard to causal relationship. Dr. Basch appears to base his conclusion that 

appellant’s medical diagnoses were related to her November 8, 2011 employment incident on the 

fact that appellant was able to work prior to the November 8, 2011 incident and unable to work 

thereafter. However, neither the fact that a disease or condition manifests itself during the period 

of employment nor the belief that the disease or condition was caused or aggravated by 

employment factors or incidents is sufficient to establish causal relationship.8

 Causal 

relationship must be based on rationalized medical opinion evidence which accurately describes 

appellant’s work duties and provides a medical explanation with regard to the pathophysiological 

process by which these duties would have caused or aggravated the condition.9

An award of compensation may not be based on surmise, conjecture, or speculation.10 As 

appellant did not establish that her medical condition was causally related to the accepted factor 

of her employment, OWCP properly denied her claim. 

Appellant may submit new evidence or argument with a written request for 

reconsideration to OWCP within one year of this merit decision, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. § 8128(a) 

and 20 C.F.R. §§ 10.605 through 10.607. 

CONCLUSION 

The Board finds that appellant did not meet her burden of proof to establish that she 

sustained an employment-related injury on November 8, 2011, as alleged. 

 8 Dennis M. Mascarenas, 49 ECAB 215 (1997). 

9 D.P., Docket No. 15-1325 (issued February 18, 2016). 

10 D.I., 59 ECAB 158 (2007); Ruth R. Price, 16 ECAB 688, 691 (1965). 
7

ORDER 

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT the decision of the Office of Workers’ 

Compensation Programs dated August 31, 2015 is affirmed. 

Issued: June 17, 2016 

Washington, DC 

 

 Colleen Duffy Kiko, Judge 

 Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board 

 

 Alec J. Koromilas, Alternate Judge 

 Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board 

 

 Valerie D. Evans-Harrell, Alternate Judge 

 Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board