United States Department of Labor 

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board 

__________________________________________ 

B.B., Appellant 

and 

U.S. POSTAL SERVICE, POST OFFICE, 

Brooklyn, NY, Employer 

__________________________________________ 

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Docket No. 16-0304 

Issued: June 1, 2016 

Appearances: Case Submitted on the Record

Appellant, pro se 

Office of Solicitor, for the Director 

DECISION AND ORDER 

Before: 

CHRISTOPHER J. GODFREY, Chief Judge 

ALEC J. KOROMILAS, Alternate Judge 

VALERIE D. EVANS-HARRELL, Alternate Judge 

JURISDICTION 

On December 8, 2015 appellant filed a timely appeal of a July 1, 2015 merit decision of 

the Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs (OWCP). Pursuant to the Federal Employees’ 

Compensation Act1 (FECA) and 20 C.F.R. §§ 501.2(c) and 501.3, the Board has jurisdiction to 

consider the merits of the case. 

ISSUE 

The issue is whether appellant has established a traumatic injury on August 23, 2014 

causally related to the accepted employment incident. 

On appeal appellant argued that she disagreed with OWCP’s decision denying her claim 

because her injury occurred on August 23, 2014, not over a period of years. 

 1

 5 U.S.C. § 8101 et seq. 
2

FACTUAL HISTORY 

On August 23, 2014, appellant, then a 58-year-old mail processing clerk, filed a traumatic 

injury claim (Form CA-1) alleging that on that date, while dispatching mail, she picked up heavy 

trays and felt a pain in her left arm, shoulder, and chest. She stopped work on August 23, 2014. 

The employing establishment, through appellant’s supervisor, controverted the claim on 

August 27, 2014. Appellant’s supervisor stated that appellant failed to inform her of the incident 

immediately, but rather worked for another hour and then went to lunch, so there was no way for 

her to inspect the tray. She further alleged that appellant would not recreate the action she took 

while dispatching mail when asked, that the other employees did not see or hear anything, and 

that appellant may have failed to follow safety rules and regulations. 

Appellant was seen on August 23, 2014 at JFK Advanced Medical, PC. A form with an 

illegible signature, indicated that appellant was not fit for duty and was diagnosed with cervical 

strain/sprain, cervical radiculopathy, and left shoulder strain/sprain. OWCP thereafter received a 

number of attending physician forms (Form CA-20) from JFK Advanced Medical, PC, all 

bearing illegible signatures. In a September 2, 2014 form, appellant was diagnosed with left 

shoulder, arm, chest, and back strain/sprain. A box marked “no” was checked indicating that 

appellant’s condition was not caused or aggravated by an employment activity. Appellant’s date 

of injury was listed as August 23, 2014, and her period of disability was noted as August 23 

through September 11, 2014. A September 25, 2014 attending physician’s report (Form CA-20) 

indicated that the activity was not related to employment. October 4 and 9, 2014 reports 

indicated that appellant’s left shoulder, arm, and lumbar strain, and sprain was caused by 

employment-related activity. In an October 30, 2014 report, a box marked “yes” was checked 

indicating that appellant’s condition was caused or aggravated by employment activity. 

Appellant was diagnosed with left shoulder, arm, and lumbar strain/sprain with radiculopathy, 

and referred to a pain management specialist. A November 12, 2014 attending physician’s report 

(Form CA-20) offered the same conclusions. 

Appellant was seen at New York Methodist Hospital on August 26, 2014 by Dr. Ayisha 

Tene Edwards, a Board-certified internist, who diagnosed musculoskeletal chest pain. 

In an August 27, 2014 attending physician’s report (Form CA-20), Dr. Manuel Ceja, an 

internist, diagnosed appellant with left shoulder, arm, chest wall, and lumbar strain. He checked 

a box marked “yes” without explanation indicating that he believed that this condition was 

caused or aggravated by appellant’s employment activity. Dr. Ceja listed appellant’s period of 

total disability from August 23 through September 2, 2014. He also noted that, due to 

appellant’s symptomology and past medical history, she was referred to a local emergency room 

for cardiac evaluation, which was negative for cardiomyopathy. Dr. Ceja gave appellant a 

prescription for physical therapy. In a follow-up report of the same date, he noted that appellant 

indicated that her injury was sustained on August 23, 2014 while she was at work and was lifting 

a tray of mail off a pie wagon when the pain suddenly appeared in her shoulder radiating down 

the anterior and lateral chest wall, and was aggravated by lifting her arm, twisting, or taking a 

deep breath. Appellant also described a tingling sensation in her left arm. Dr. Ceja assessed 

appellant with sprain and strain of unspecified site of shoulder and upper arm, sprain and strain 
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of unspecified site of back, lumbar sprain and strain, and pain in shoulder region joint. He 

indicated that appellant was not fit for duty. 

In a September 25, 2014 progress report, Dr. Ceja described the injury of August 2014. 

He assessed appellant with sprain and strain of unspecified site of shoulder and upper arm, sprain 

and strain of unspecified site of back, lumbar sprain and strain, and pain in joint shoulder region. 

In an October 6, 2014 report, Dr. R.C. Krishna, a Board-certified neurologist, noted 

appellant’s statement as to how she was injured and described her symptoms followed by his 

examination. He concluded that appellant’s clinical findings were consistent with a cervical 

strain injury and cervical disc herniation resulting in cervical radiculopathy, left shoulder 

derangement, and neuropathic pain syndrome. Dr. Krishna recommended that appellant obtain 

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of her cervical spine and left shoulder. 

 The record also contains notes from appellant’s visit to the emergency room on 

August 23, 2014 with Karen McNeil, a registered nurse. 

In an October 9, 2014 progress report, Dr. Ceja reiterated appellant’s history of injury, 

and again assessed appellant with sprain/stain of unspecified site of shoulder and upper arm, 

sprain and strain of unspecified site of back, lumbar sprain and strain, and pain in joint, shoulder 

region. 

By letter to appellant dated October 30, 2014, OWCP noted that when her claim was first 

received, it appeared to be a minor injury that resulted in minimal or no lost time from work. It 

noted that based on these criteria and because the employing establishment did not controvert 

continuation of pay or challenge the merits of the case, payment of a limited amount of medical 

expenses were administratively approved, but the merits of the claim were not formally 

considered. OWCP informed appellant of the necessary information that was needed for 

approval of her claim and afforded her 30 days to submit the material. 

By decision dated December 1, 2014, OWCP denied appellant’s claim. It determined 

that appellant did not establish that the events occurred as alleged. 

On December 9, 2014 OWCP received a number of medical reports. In an October 7, 

2014 report from Dr. Harold S. Barnes, a Board-certified radiologist, appellant’s MRI scan was 

interpreted as showing a partial tear of the supraspinatus tendon and a partial tear of the mid 

anterior/posterior superior inferior glenoid labrum. In an October 16, 2014 report, Dr. Barnes 

interpreted the MRI scan of appellant’s cervical spine and noted straightening as well as reversal 

of normal curvature of the cervical spine, with mild narrowing of the AP diameter of the spinal 

canal at the C4-C5 level. 

OWCP also received a November 13, 2014 progress note from Dr. Ceja. Dr. Ceja 

reiterated his assessment of appellant as sprain and strain of unspecified site of shoulder and 

upper arm, sprain and strain of unspecified site of back, lumbar sprain and strain, and pain in 

joint, shoulder region. 

On December 9, 2014 appellant requested an oral hearing before a hearing representative 

of OWCP’s Branch of Hearings and Review. 
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Appellant continued to submit medical reports dated from August 23 through 

December 8, 2014 by Dr. Ceja. In the August 23, 2014 report, submitted to OWCP, Dr. Ceja 

noted appellant’s history of an injury to her left arm, anterior chest, and low back on that date 

while she was lifting a tray of mail off a pie wagon. Appellant told Dr. Ceja that she was 

bending down when the pain suddenly appeared in her shoulder and radiated down the anterior 

and lateral chest wall. She further told Dr. Ceja that the pain was aggravated by lifting her arm, 

twisting and taking a deep breath, and that she also described a tingling sensation in her left arm. 

Dr. Ceja assessed appellant with lumbar sprain and strain, pain in joint of shoulder region, sprain 

and strain of unspecified site of back, sprain and strain of unspecified site of shoulder and upper 

arm, and brachial neuritis or radiculitis. He indicated that appellant was not currently fit for 

duty. 

Appellant wrote a December 9, 2014 letter to OWCP wherein she stated that she injured 

herself on August 23, 2014 while sleeving a heavy tray of mail. She noted that she was treated at 

JFK’s Advanced Medical P.C., where the doctor informed her that the incident of lifting the 

heavy tray caused her injuries, and that she should not return to work. 

OWCP received further medical evidence on December 29, 2014. In a November 24, 

2014 progress note, Dr. Louis Francis McIntyre, a Board-certified orthopedic surgeon, noted 

appellant’s history as working on August 23, 2014 and bending down when she had a sudden 

onset of left shoulder pain that radiated to her left lateral chest wall, and that she also complained 

of low back discomfort. He listed impressions of cervical strain, left shoulder strain, and lumbar 

strain. In a December 12, 2014 note detailing a clinical visit, Dr. McIntyre noted that appellant 

sustained an injury to the left side of her neck and shoulder pain radiating to her elbow. He 

diagnosed cervical strain, partial tear of left rotator cuff, and left bicipital tendinitis. 

In a letter dated December 29, 2014, Dr. Rita Albano, a Board-certified internist with 

Advantage Care Physicians, noted that appellant has been under their care for an injury sustained 

on August 23, 2014, and that she may return to work full duty and without restrictions on 

January 12, 2015. 

In a December 30, 2014 attending physician’s report (Form CA-20) from JFK Advanced 

Medical, P.C., with an illegible signature, it was noted that appellant’s injuries to her shoulder 

and arm and her radiculopathy were caused or aggravated by employment activity. 

At the hearing on August 16, 2015, appellant indicated that she was injured while 

sleeving a tray of mail. She noted that she had a preexisting neck/lumbar spine injury which 

occurred when she was hit by a Hi-Lo. The hearing representative explained to appellant that 

she needed to submit medical evidence establishing a causal relationship between the incident of 

employment and her injury within 30 days. 

In an undated report from Dr. Ceja received by OWCP on May 8, 2015, Dr. Ceja noted 

that he initially saw appellant on the date of her employment incident, at which time she did 

complain of pain which seemed to have stemmed from aggravation of a nerve. He noted that 

although appellant could lift up to 20 to 25 pounds, the tray appellant lifted exceeded the amount. 

He noted appellant’s description as to how the incident occurred. He concluded that other 

contributing factors to her injury would be the repetitive nature of her job function so it may not 
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have been this particular incident that was the causative factor but a build up to this point of 

repetitiveness with the weight and motion. He noted that there was no previous examination to 

provide a baseline but that he did note appellant’s subjective complaints along with the objective 

findings from his office, the orthopedist, and the neurologist. 

In a decision dated July 1, 2015, the hearing representative found that appellant 

established that the employment incident occurred on August 23, 2014 as alleged. However, he 

determined that appellant did not establish that the employment incident caused her medical 

diagnosis. Therefore, the hearing representative affirmed the December 1, 2014 OWCP decision 

as modified. 

LEGAL PRECEDENT 

An employee seeking benefits under FECA has the burden of proof to establish the 

essential elements of his or her claim, including the fact that the individual is an employee of the 

United States within the meaning of FECA, that the claim was timely filed within the applicable 

time limitation period of FECA, that an injury was sustained in the performance of duty as 

alleged, and that any disability and/or specific condition for which compensation is claimed are 

causally related to the employment injury. These are the essential elements of each and every 

compensation claim regardless of whether the claim is predicated upon a traumatic injury or an 

occupational disease.2

 

In order to determine whether an employee actually sustained an injury in the 

performance of duty, OWCP begins with an analysis of whether fact of injury has been 

established. Generally, fact of injury consists of two components, which must be considered in 

conjunction with one another. The first component to be established is that the employee 

actually experienced the employment incident or exposure, which is alleged to have occurred.3 

In order to meet his or her burden of proof to establish the fact that he or she sustained an injury 

in the performance of duty, an employee must submit sufficient evidence to establish that he or 

she actually experienced the employment injury or exposure at the time, place, and in the manner 

alleged.4

The second component is whether the employment incident caused a personal injury and 

generally can be established only by medical evidence.5

 The medical evidence required to 

establish causal relationship is usually rationalized medical evidence. Rationalized medical 

opinion evidence is medical evidence which includes a physician’s rationalized opinion on the 

issue of whether there is a causal relationship between the claimant’s diagnosed condition and 

the implicated employment factors. The opinion of the physician must be based on a complete 

factual and medical background of the claimant, must be one of reasonable medical certainty, 

 2 Jussara L. Arcanjo, 55 ECAB 281, 283 (2004). 

3 See Federal (FECA) Procedure Manual, Part 2 -- Claims, Fact of Injury, Chapter 2.803(2)(a) (August 2012). 

4 Linda S. Jackson, 49 ECAB 486 (1998). 

5 John J. Carlone, 41 ECAB 354 (1989); Horace Langhorne, 29 ECAB 820 (1978). 
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and must be supported by medical rationale explaining the nature of the relationship between the 

diagnosed condition and the specific employment factors identified by the claimant.6

ANALYSIS 

Appellant alleged that she sustained an injury on August 23, 2014 when she picked up 

heavy trays and felt a pain in her left arm, shoulder, and chest. The hearing representative found 

that the incident occurred as alleged. Appellant initially treated with Dr. Ceja who diagnosed 

appellant with left shoulder, arm, chest wall, and lumbar strain. However, OWCP denied 

appellant’s claim as it found that she failed to establish a causal relationship between the 

accepted employment incident and the medical diagnosis. 

In support of her claim, appellant submitted multiple reports by her treating internist, 

Dr. Ceja. Dr. Ceja treated appellant on August 23, 2014, the date of the employment incident. 

He described appellant’s account of the injury, and his reports appear to be based on an accurate 

recitation of the facts of the employment incident of August 23, 2014. Dr. Ceja assessed 

appellant with lumbar sprain and strain, pain in the joint of the shoulder region, sprain and strain 

of unspecified site of back, sprain and strain of unspecified site of shoulder and upper arm, and 

brachial neuritis or radiculitis. In his summary report, received by OWCP on May 8, 2015, he 

opined that appellant was initially seen on the date of the August 23, 2014 incident, but that there 

were multiple contributing factors to her injury, including the repetitive nature of her job 

function. Accordingly, Dr. Ceja indicated that it may not have been the incident of August 23, 

2014 that was the causative factor, but rather a build up to this point of repetitiveness with the 

weight and motion. His opinion regarding causal relationship is speculative in nature. While the 

opinion of a physician supporting causal relationship need not be one of absolute medical 

certainty, the opinion must not be speculative or equivocal. The opinion should be expressed in 

terms of a reasonable degree of medical certainty.7

 Furthermore, the Board notes that Dr. Ceja’s 

reports appear to be more supportive of an occupational disease claim, then a traumatic injury.8

 

His reports do not offer adequate rationale for the finding that the August 23, 2014 employment 

incident caused appellant’s injuries. Dr. Ceja offered no medical explanation as to how the 

accepted incident of lifting trays would have caused physiologically the diagnosed condition. 

His opinion is therefore of limited value in establishing causal relationship.9

 

The Board further finds that multiple attending physicians’ reports were submitted 

bearing an illegible signature. When it cannot be determined whether the person who signed a 

report is a physician as defined by 5 U.S.C. § 8101(2), the report cannot constitute competent 

medical evidence.10 The Board does note that these attending physician reports were issued by a 

 6 Judith A. Peot, 46 ECAB 1036 (1995); Ruby I. Fish, 46 ECAB 276 (1994). 

7 See Ricky S. Storms, 52 ECAB 349 (2001); Morris Scanlon, 11 ECAB 384, 385 (1960). 

8

 The primary difference between a traumatic injury and an occupational disease is that a traumatic injury must 

occur within a single work shift while an occupational disease occurs over more than one work shift. 20 C.F.R. 

§§ 10.5(ee), 10.5(q). 

9 See F.H., Docket No. 16-204 (issued April 18, 2016). 

10 M.M., Docket No. 11-1544 (issued March 12, 2012). 
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person at JFK Advanced Medical, P.C., that Dr. Ceja is employed at JFK Advanced Medical, 

P.C., and that the reports from JFK Advanced Medical, P.C. generally mirror the dates and 

diagnoses of Dr. Ceja’s reports. 

However, even if the Board were to consider these reports as signed by Dr. Ceja, they 

still would not constitute rationalized medical evidence. In the reports dated September 2 and 

25, 2014, a box marked “no” was checked indicating that appellant’s medical condition was not 

caused or aggravated by an employment injury. However, in all of the reports commencing 

October 4, 2014, the box marked “yes” was checked indicating that appellant’s left shoulder, 

arm, and lumbar strain/sprain was caused by an employment-related activity. The explanation 

provided was simply “condition was caused by work-related activity.” These reports did not 

discuss the August 23, 2014 employment incident or provide any explanation for the conclusion 

that appellant’s diagnoses were causally related to the employment incident. A report that 

addresses causal relationship with a checkmark, without medical rationale explaining how the 

work condition caused the alleged injury, is of diminished probative value and is insufficient to 

establish causal relationship. Therefore, these reports are insufficient to meet appellant’s burden 

of proof.11

The remaining evidence is also insufficient to establish causal relationship. These reports 

are of limited probative value as they fail to discuss the causal relationship between appellant’s 

August 23, 2014 employment incident and the diagnosed medical conditions.12 In her 

August 26, 2014 report, Dr. Edwards indicated that appellant had cervical strain/sprain, cervical 

radiculopathy, and left shoulder sprain/strain. She noted that appellant was not fit for duty, but 

did not give an opinion relative to causation. On October 6, 2014 Dr. Krishna noted appellant’s 

statement as to how she was injured and concluded that appellant’s clinical findings were 

consistent with a cervical strain injury and cervical disc herniation resulting in cervical 

radiculopathy, left shoulder derangement, and neuropathic pain syndrome. However, she also 

did not make any independent conclusion on causation. Similarly, Dr. McIntyre did not make 

any conclusion on causation of appellant’s cervical strain, partial tear of left rotator cuff, and left 

bicipital tendinitis. Dr. Albano indicated that appellant had been under her care for an injury 

sustained on August 23, 2014 and gave no further explanation. Dr. Barnes interpreted the MRI 

scans, but did not discuss appellant’s employment incident, and therefore his report is of limited 

probative value.13 The reports by Nurse McNeil do not constitute medical evidence, as a nurse is 

not considered a physician as defined under FECA.14

An award of compensation may not be based on surmise, conjecture, or speculation. 

Neither the fact that appellant’s claimed condition became apparent during a period of 

employment nor her belief that the condition was caused by her employment is sufficient to 

 11 See D.M., Docket 16-0372 (issued April 6, 2016). 

12 A.D., 58 ECAB 149 (2006) (medical evidence which does not offer any opinion regarding the cause of an 

employee’s condition is of limited probative value on the issue of causal relationship). 

13 See G.M., Docket No. 14-2057 (issued May 12, 2015). 

14 5 U.S.C. § 8101(2); 20 C.F.R. § 10.5(t); see also K.W., 59 ECAB 271, 279 (2007). 
8

establish causal relationship.15 As appellant did not establish that her medical condition was 

causally related to the accepted incident of her employment, OWCP properly denied appellant’s 

claim. 

Appellant may submit new evidence or argument with a written request for 

reconsideration to OWCP within one year of this merit decision, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. §8128(a) 

and 20 C.F.R. §§ 10.605 through 10.607. 

CONCLUSION 

The Board finds that appellant did not establish that she sustained a traumatic injury on 

August 23, 2014, causally related to the accepted employment incident. 

ORDER 

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT the decision of the Office of Workers’ 

Compensation Programs dated July 1, 2015 is affirmed. 

Issued: June 1, 2016 

Washington, DC 

 

 Christopher J. Godfrey, Chief Judge 

 Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board 

 

 Alec J. Koromilas, Alternate Judge 

 Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board 

 

 Valerie D. Evans-Harrell, Alternate Judge 

 Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board 

 15 D.I., 59 ECAB 158 (2007); Ruth R. Price, 16 ECAB 688, 691 (1965).