United States Department of Labor 

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board 

__________________________________________ 

S.H., Appellant 

and 

DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, BUREAU OF 

PRISONS, Victorville, CA, Employer 

__________________________________________ 

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Docket No. 16-0114 

Issued: February 24, 2016 

Appearances: Case Submitted on the Record

Alan J. Shapiro, Esq., for the appellant 

Office of Solicitor, for the Director 

DECISION AND ORDER 

Before: 

CHRISTOPHER J. GODFREY, Chief Judge 

PATRICIA H. FITZGERALD, Deputy Chief Judge 

COLLEEN DUFFY KIKO, Judge 

JURISDICTION 

On October 26, 2015 appellant, through counsel, filed a timely appeal from a July 30, 

2015 merit decision of the Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs (OWCP). Pursuant to 

the Federal Employees’ Compensation Act1 (FECA) and 20 C.F.R. §§ 501.2(c) and 501.3, the 

Board has jurisdiction over the merits of this case. 

ISSUE 

The issue is whether appellant met his burden of proof to establish an employment injury 

on October 31, 2013. 

FACTUAL HISTORY 

On November 7, 2013 appellant, then a 43-year-old heating, ventilating, and air 

conditioning foreman, filed a claim for traumatic injury (Form CA-1) alleging back and bilateral 

knee injuries on October 31, 2013, including a fractured left knee cap, due to lifting a washer 

 1

 5 U.S.C. § 8101 et seq. 
2

onto a flatbed dolly at work. His claim was initially allowed for payment of limited medical 

expenses without formal adjudication.2 

Appellant had filed prior claims for employment-related injuries, including a claim for a 

May 12, 2005 traumatic injury (File No. xxxxxx682) accepted for right knee medial meniscus 

tear; a claim for a January 9, 2007 traumatic injury (File No. xxxxxx519) accepted for left knee 

medial meniscus tear; and a claim for a December 15, 2010 traumatic injury (File No. 

xxxxxx780) accepted for neck sprain, right shoulder calcifying tendinitis, and left shoulder 

rotator cuff rupture. He underwent right knee surgery in 2004 and left knee surgery in 2007.3 

In a November 8, 2013 report, Dr. Louis C. Redix, Jr., an attending Board-certified 

orthopedic surgeon, provided a history that on October 31, 2013 appellant felt a pop in his left 

knee while lifting a washing machine and while putting it down he hyperextended his right knee. 

He noted that appellant denied any prior knee injuries, but referenced the right knee surgery in 

2004 and left knee surgery in 2007. Dr. Redix reported that November 5, 2013 x-ray testing of 

appellant’s left knee showed an undisplaced small area of fracture on the superior tip of the 

patella. Appellant did not complain of swelling, locking, instability, or pain on pivoting in either 

knee, but physical examination revealed tenderness in the medial and lateral joint lines of both 

knees. Dr. Redix diagnosed internal derangement of both knees. 

By letter dated December 31, 2013, OWCP advised appellant of deficiencies in the 

evidence he had submitted to establish his claim and requested that he provide additional factual 

and medical evidence within 30 days. 

In a December 17, 2013 report, Dr. Redix detailed the findings of the physical 

examination he conducted on that date. These findings were similar to those he reported on 

November 8, 2013. Dr. Redix noted that the findings of a December 11, 2013 magnetic 

resonance imaging scan of appellant’s right knee showed mild tri-compartmental degenerative 

changes, high-grade partial-thickness cartilage loss along the medial femoral condyle and 

femoral trochlea, mild partial-thickness cartilage fissuring along the median ridge of the patella, 

old low-grade sprain of the medial collateral ligament without focal discontinuity, mild 

degenerative changes within the anterior cruciate ligament without focal high-grade tear, small 

knee effusion, and evidence of prior arthroscopic surgery. The findings of the left knee revealed 

focal for the high-grade cartilage defect along the medal femoral condyle, partial-thickness 

cartilage fissuring along the femoral trochlea, mild cartilage loss along the median ridge of the 

patella, old low-grade proximal medial collateral ligament sprain without focal discontinuity, 

evidence of prior arthroscopic surgery, mild degenerative changes, and small knee effusion. 

Dr. Redix indicated that appellant was temporarily disabled from his regular work.4

 

 2

 On December 30, 2013 appellant filed a claim for compensation (Form CA-7) alleging wage-loss compensation 

for work stoppage beginning December 29, 2013. 

3

 The evidence of record shows that OWCP authorized the 2007 left knee surgery, synovectomy and 

chondroplasty with microfracturing, but it is unclear whether OWCP authorized the right knee surgery in 2004. 

4

 In a January 14, 2014 report, Dr. Redix again diagnosed internal derangement of both knees and indicated that 

appellant was temporarily disabled from his regular work. 
3

On February 3, 2014 OWCP received an undated State of California workers’ 

compensation report completed by a healthcare provider with an illegible signature. The report 

noted that appellant reported being injured by moving a washing machine off a flatbed cart. The 

provider diagnosed lumbar and bilateral knee sprains and indicated that appellant could return to 

modified work on November 5, 2013. 

By decision dated February 3, 2014, OWCP denied appellant’s claim as the medical 

evidence did not establish that the diagnosed conditions were causally related to the October 31, 

2013 work incident. 

In a February 7, 2014 report, Dr. Redix again diagnosed internal derangement of both 

knees and indicated that these conditions were characterized as contusions of the bone resulting 

in intraosseous edema, which could result in full-blown fractures if not carefully treated. He 

found appellant to be temporarily disabled from his regular work and noted: 

“These lesions are felt to be the direct result of [appellant’s] injury sustained on 

October 31, 2013. There is no need for any apportionment in this case. 

[Appellant] did not have any antecedent injury to either knee and was in 

employable condition prior to his injury.” 

Appellant disagreed with OWCP’s February 3, 2014 decision and, in a form received on 

February 21, 2014, requested a review of the written record by an OWCP hearing representative. 

In March 7, April 4, and May 23, 2014 reports, Dr. Redix again opined that appellant’s 

condition was the direct result of the October 31, 2013 work injury. He continued to indicate 

that appellant had no antecedent injury to either knee. In a July 8, 2014 report, Dr. Redix noted 

that appellant’s condition was the direct result of the October 31, 2013 work incident and that he 

had no antecedent injury to either knee, but added that the new left knee symptoms were the 

result of imbalance caused by the injury to the knee. He found that appellant was temporarily 

disabled from his regular work. 

By decision dated August 5, 2014, the hearing representative affirmed OWCP’s 

February 3, 2014 decision denying appellant’s claim for an October 31, 2013 work injury. She 

found that the causal relationship opinion of Dr. Redix was not well rationalized as his opinion 

was not based on a complete and accurate factual and medical history. 

Appellant, through counsel, requested reconsideration in a letter received on 

May 4, 2015. He submitted a February 24, 2015 report in which Dr. Redix reiterated that 

appellant, while lifting a washing machine on October 31, 2013, he sustained a popping 

sensation in the left knee that caused it to collapse and thereby placed all the pressure and weight 

on his right knee. Appellant indicated that his right knee was hyperextended, causing him to fall 

backward, and that the washing machine fell on both of his knees. Dr. Redix noted that previous 

injuries had necessitated right knee surgery in 2004 and left knee surgery in 2007, and that 

appellant was completely asymptomatic prior to October 31, 2013. He reviewed diagnostic 

testing which reflected degenerative changes in both knees and prior knee surgeries in 

September and December 2014.5

 Dr. Redix noted that appellant now reported that he was 

 5

 The Board notes that these surgical procedures were not authorized by OWCP. 
4

asymptomatic in both knees and he diagnosed resolved internal derangement of the left knee 

effective February 24, 2015 and resolved internal derangement of the right knee effective 

November 18, 2014. He found that appellant could return to his regular work and noted: 

“The events described and documented for October 31, 2013 are consistent with 

the pathology for which [appellant] received treatment. There is no need for 

apportionment in this patient’s case as prior to the above-documented injury the 

patient returned to all normal activities without restriction. [Appellant] was under 

no active care and was receiving no active treatment. Previous surgeries in 2004 

and 2007 had no impact on [his] proneness to injury or predisposed [him] to that 

injury.” 

By decision dated July 30, 2015, OWCP affirmed its August 5, 2014 decision denying 

appellant’s claim for an October 31, 2013 work injury. It found that Dr. Redix had not provided 

a sufficiently rationalized medical opinion on causal relationship between the October 31, 2013 

work incident and appellant’s medical condition. 

LEGAL PRECEDENT 

An employee seeking benefits under FECA has the burden of establishing the essential 

elements of his or her claim including the fact that the individual is an “employee of the United 

States” within the meaning of FECA, that the claim was timely filed within the applicable time 

limitation period of FECA, that an injury was sustained in the performance of duty as alleged, 

and that any disability and/or specific condition for which compensation is claimed are causally 

related to the employment injury.6

 These are the essential elements of each compensation claim 

regardless of whether the claim is predicated upon a traumatic injury or an occupational disease.7

 

To determine whether a federal employee has sustained a traumatic injury in the 

performance of duty, it first must be determined whether the fact of injury has been established. 

There are two components involved in establishing the fact of injury. First, the employee must 

submit sufficient evidence to establish that he or she actually experienced the employment 

incident at the time, place, and in the manner alleged.8

 Second, the employee must submit 

evidence, in the form of medical evidence, to establish that the employment incident caused a 

personal injury.9

 

Causal relationship is a medical issue and the medical evidence generally required to 

establish causal relationship is rationalized medical opinion evidence. The opinion of the 

 6 C.S., Docket No. 08-1585 (issued March 3, 2009); Elaine Pendleton, 40 ECAB 1143 (1989). 

7 S.P., 59 ECAB 184 (2007); Victor J. Woodhams, 41 ECAB 345 (1989). A traumatic injury refers to injury 

caused by a specific event or incident or series of incidents occurring within a single workday or work shift whereas an 

occupational disease refers to an injury produced by employment factors which occur or are present over a period 

longer than a single workday or work shift. 20 C.F.R. §§ 10.5 (q), (ee); Brady L. Fowler, 44 ECAB 343, 351 (1992). 

8 Julie B. Hawkins, 38 ECAB 393 (1987). 

9 John J. Carlone, 41 ECAB 354 (1989). 
5

physician must be based on a complete factual and medical background of appellant, must be one 

of reasonable medical certainty, and must be supported by medical rationale explaining the 

nature of the relationship between the diagnosed condition and the specific employment factors 

identified by appellant.10

ANALYSIS 

On November 7, 2013 appellant filed a traumatic injury claim alleging back and bilateral 

knee injuries on October 31, 2013, including a fractured left knee cap, due to lifting a washer 

onto a flatbed dolly at work. His claim was initially allowed for payment of limited medical 

expenses without formal adjudication.11 Appellant previously had undergone right knee surgery 

in 2004 and left knee surgery in 2007.12

The Board finds that appellant did not submit sufficient medical evidence to establish an 

employment injury on October 31, 2013. 

In the November 8, 2013 report, Dr. Redix provided a history that on October 31, 2013 

appellant felt a pop in his left knee while lifting a washing machine and hyperextended his right 

knee while putting it down. He noted that appellant denied any prior knee injuries, but 

referenced the right knee surgery in 2004 and left knee surgery in 2007. In March 7, April 4, and 

May 23, 2014 reports, Dr. Redix opined that appellant’s condition was the direct result of the 

October 31, 2013 work injury and indicated that he had no antecedent injury to either knee. In a 

July 8, 2014 report, he noted that appellant’s condition was the direct result of the October 31, 

2013 work incident and that he had no antecedent injury to either knee, but added that the new 

left knee symptoms were the result of imbalance caused by the injury to the knee. In all these 

reports, Dr. Redix found that appellant was temporarily disabled from his regular work. 

The Board finds that these reports do not establish appellant’s claim for an October 31, 

2013 work injury because they do not contain adequate medical rationale in support of their 

opinion on causal relationship.13 Dr. Redix did not describe the October 31, 2013 work incident 

in any detail or explain how it could have been competent to cause internal derangement in both 

knees. Diagnostic testing from December 2013 showed degenerative changes in both of 

appellant’s knees and Dr. Redix did not explain why appellant’s symptoms were not entirely due 

to such a nonwork-related preexisting condition. These reports are of limited probative value for 

the further reason that they are not based on a complete and accurate factual and medical history. 

Dr. Redix indicated that appellant did not have any prior injury to his knees. However, the 

record reflects that appellant did in fact have prior injuries to both knees. The Board has held 

 10 See I.J., 59 ECAB 408 (2008); Donna Faye Cardwell, 41 ECAB 730 (1990). 

11 Supra note 2. 

12 Appellant filed prior claims for employment-related injuries, including a claim for a May 12, 2005 traumatic 

injury accepted for right knee medial meniscus tear; a claim for a January 9, 2007 traumatic injury accepted for left 

knee medial meniscus tear; and a claim for a December 15, 2010 traumatic injury accepted for neck sprain, right 

shoulder calcifying tendinitis, and left shoulder rotator cuff rupture. 

13 See supra note 10. 
6

that a claimant must submit a rationalized medical opinion in order to establish a causal 

connection between the current disabling condition and the employment incident, and that this 

medical opinion must be based on a complete and accurate factual and medical history.14

In the February 24, 2015 report, Dr. Redix noted that appellant reported lifting a washing 

machine on October 31, 2013 when he sustained a popping sensation in the left knee that caused 

it to collapse and thereby placed all the pressure and weight on his right knee. For the first time 

in any of his reports, he indicated that appellant reported that he fell backwards on October 31, 

2013 and that the washing machine fell on both of his knees. Dr. Redix indicated, without 

elaboration, that appellant had previous injuries necessitating right knee surgery in 2004 and left 

knee surgery in 2007, and reported that appellant was completely asymptomatic prior to 

October 31, 2013. He noted that appellant had undergone right knee surgery in September 2014 

and left knee surgery in December 2014.15 Dr. Redix diagnosed resolved internal derangement 

of the left knee effective February 24, 2015 and resolved internal derangement of the right knee 

effective November 18, 2014, and found that appellant could return to his regular work. 

The Board finds that the February 24, 2015 report of Dr. Redix does not establish 

appellant’s claim for an October 31, 2013 employment injury. Although Dr. Redix noted that, 

the events described and documented for October 31, 2013 were consistent with the pathology 

for which appellant received treatment, he did not provide any medical explanation for why he 

felt that the employment incident was competent to cause appellant’s observed bilateral knee 

condition, internal derangement. He noted that appellant had returned to regular work prior to 

October 31, 2013 and indicated that he was free of symptoms prior to October 31, 2013. 

Thereby, Dr. Redix suggested that appellant’s reported symptom history prior to October 31, 

2013 establishes the occurrence of an employment injury on October 31, 2013. However, the 

Board has held that the mere fact that a condition manifests itself or worsens during a period of 

employment16 or that work activities produce symptoms revelatory of an underlying condition17

does not raise an inference of causal relationship between a claimed condition and employment 

factors. Dr. Redix did not explain why appellant’s continuing knee problems were not due to 

preexisting degenerative changes in both of his knees or some other nonwork-related condition. 

Appellant may submit new evidence or argument with a written request for 

reconsideration to OWCP within one year of this merit decision, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. § 8128(a) 

and 20 C.F.R. §§ 10.605 through 10.607. 

CONCLUSION 

The Board finds that appellant did not meet his burden of proof to establish an 

employment injury on October 31, 2013. 

 14 E.R., Docket No. 15-1046 (issued November 12, 2015). 

15 These surgeries have not been accepted by OWCP as employment related. 

16 William Nimitz, Jr., 30 ECAB 567, 570 (1979). 

17 Richard B. Cissel, 32 ECAB 1910, 1917 (1981). 
7

ORDER 

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT the July 30, 2015 decision of the Office of 

Workers’ Compensation Programs is affirmed. 

Issued: February 24, 2016 

Washington, DC 

 

 Christopher J. Godfrey, Chief Judge 

 Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board 

 

 Patricia H. Fitzgerald, Deputy Chief Judge 

 Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board 

 

 Colleen Duffy Kiko, Judge 

 Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board