United States Department of Labor 

Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board 

__________________________________________ 

T.T., Appellant 

and 

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, 

FEDERAL AIR MARSHAL SERVICE, 

Coraopolis, PA, Employer 

__________________________________________ 

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Docket No. 15-0944 

Issued: March 22, 2016 

Appearances: Case Submitted on the Record

Jeffrey P. Zeelander, Esq., for the appellant 

Office of Solicitor, for the Director 

DECISION AND ORDER 

Before: 

PATRICIA H. FITZGERALD, Deputy Chief Judge 

COLLEEN DUFFY KIKO, Judge 

ALEC J. KOROMILAS, Alternate Judge 

JURISDICTION 

On March 3, 2015 appellant, through counsel, filed a timely appeal from a January 16, 

2015 merit decision of the Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs (OWCP). Pursuant to 

the Federal Employees’ Compensation Act1 (FECA) and 20 C.F.R. §§ 501.2(c) and 501.3, the 

Board has jurisdiction over the merits of this case.2

ISSUE 

The issue is whether appellant established more than a seven percent permanent 

impairment of the right lower extremity, for which he received a schedule award. 

                                                             1

 5 U.S.C. § 8101 et seq.

2

 The Board notes that, following the issuance of the January 16, 2015 OWCP decision, appellant submitted new 

evidence. The Board is precluded from reviewing evidence which was not before OWCP at the time it issued its 

final decision. See 20 C.F.R. § 501.2(c)(1). 
2

On appeal counsel contends that OWCP’s medical adviser disregarded appellant’s 

preexisting condition and improperly minimized the impairment rating provided by his treating 

physician. 

FACTUAL HISTORY 

OWCP accepted that appellant, a 53-year-old training instructor, sustained a right knee 

medial meniscus tear, posterior horn, on October 23, 2012 while doing incline leg presses in the 

performance of duty. It authorized right knee surgery which appellant underwent on 

December 10, 2013. Appellant returned to full-time, full-duty work effective January 6, 2014. 

On May 2, 2014 appellant, through counsel, filed a claim for a schedule award and 

submitted an April 14, 2014 report from Dr. Michael Platto, a Board-certified physiatrist, who 

opined that appellant had nine percent permanent impairment of the right lower extremity. 

Dr. Platto found that appellant had reached maximum medical improvement and required no 

further surgical treatment. He placed appellant in class 1 based on his diagnosis of meniscal 

injury, partial (medial and lateral meniscectomy), meniscal tear, or meniscal repair according to 

Table 16-3,3

 page 509, of the sixth edition of the American Medical Association, Guides to the 

Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (A.M.A., Guides). Dr. Platto assigned a grade modifier of 

1 for Functional History (GMFH) due to antalgic gait, asymmetric shortened stance, favoring the 

right knee, American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) score showing a mild deficit, 

and lack of brace or other orthotic use. He assigned a grade modifier of 3 for Physical 

Examination (GMPE) based on mild palpatory findings and a nine degree varus deformity found 

upon x-ray. Dr. Platto stated that “although there is no table in the [sixth edition of the A.M.A.,] 

Guides to rate severity of varus deformity, in the [fifth edition of the A.M.A.,] Guides, Table 17, 

p. 537, it does state that for varus deformity between 8 and 12 percent, this would be classified as 

severe, or grade modifier 3.” He found that a grade modifier of 1 for Clinical Studies (GMCS) 

was not applicable as appellant underwent an operation to fix his medial meniscus tear. Using 

the net adjustment formula of (GMFH - CDX) + (GMPE - CDX) + (GMCS - CDX), Dr. Platto 

found that (1-1) + (3-1) + (n/a) resulted in a net grade modifier of 2, equaling a 3 percent 

permanent impairment of the right lower extremity. Dr. Platto further found a preexisting 

condition based upon his review of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan dated 

November 7, 2012 which showed evidence of moderate joint degeneration in the anterior and 

medial compartments. He stated that this degree of degeneration would not be expected to have 

occurred just two weeks after a traumatic event and opined that appellant’s preexisting arthritis 

here may have contributed to a medial meniscus tear. Dr. Platto noted that a weight-bearing xray revealed a three-millimeter (mm) medial joint space interval. He placed appellant in class 1 

based on his diagnosis of three mm cartilage interval for primary joint arthritis and determined 

that appellant had a default rating of seven percent permanent impairment to the right lower 

extremity according to Table 16-3, page 511, of the A.M.A., Guides. Using the net adjustment 

modifier of 2 based on his previously explained grade modifiers, Dr. Platto concluded that 

appellant had a nine percent permanent impairment of the right lower extremity. 

                                                             3

 Table 16-3, pages 509-511 of the sixth edition of the A.M.A., Guides is entitled Knee Regional Grid – Lower 

Extremity Impairments.
3

On June 17, 2014 Dr. Arnold T. Berman, a Board-certified orthopedic surgeon and 

OWCP medical adviser, reviewed the medical record and determined that the date of maximum 

medical improvement was April 14, 2014, the date of Dr. Platto’s impairment examination. 

Dr. Berman found that Dr. Platto’s impairment rating could not be accepted because the only 

accepted condition was the right knee medial meniscal tear, posterior horn. He further found that 

Dr. Platto’s grade modifier of 3 for physical examination was not properly based on the sixth 

edition of the A.M.A., Guides. Dr. Berman agreed with Dr. Platto’s grade modifier of 1 for 

functional history and assigned a grade modifier of 1 for clinical studies. Using the net 

adjustment formula of (GMFH - CDX) + (GMPE - CDX) + (GMCS - CDX), OWCP medical 

adviser found that (1-1) + (1-1) + (1-1) resulted in a net grade modifier of 0, resulting in an 

impairment class 1, default grade C, equaling two percent permanent impairment of the right 

lower extremity under Table 16-3, page 509, of the A.M.A., Guides. 

By decision dated July 1, 2014, OWCP granted appellant a schedule award for two 

percent permanent impairment of the right lower extremity. The award ran for 5.76 weeks for 

the period April 14 through May 24, 2014. 

On July 8, 2014 appellant, through counsel, requested reconsideration and submitted 

reports dated November 20, 2013 through July 23, 2014 from Dr. John Christoforetti, a Boardcertified orthopedic surgeon, who diagnosed medial compartment osteoarthrosis and opined that 

appellant sustained an employment-related exacerbation of his preexisting osteoarthritis due to 

loss of the meniscus. 

By decision dated July 28, 2014, OWCP expanded appellant’s claim to include 

aggravation of preexisting osteoarthritis of the right knee. 

Appellant submitted hospital records dated January 19, 2014 and reports from 

Dr. Christoforetti dated July 9 through August 27, 2014 indicating that appellant underwent a 

course of right knee injection treatments. 

On September 20, 2014 Dr. Morley Slutsky, a Board-certified orthopedic surgeon and 

OWCP medical adviser, reviewed the medical record and a statement of accepted facts. He 

determined that the date of maximum medical improvement was April 14, 2014, the date of 

Dr. Platto’s impairment examination. Dr. Slutsky concurred with Dr. Platto that the most 

impairing diagnosis was the primary knee joint arthritis with three mm of joint space remaining 

and placed appellant in a class 1. He also concurred with Dr. Platto’s grade modifier of 1 for 

functional history and his opinion that a grade modifier for clinical studies was not applicable in 

appellant’s case. Dr. Slutsky disagreed, however, with Dr. Platto’s grade modifier of 3 for 

physical examination. He explained that Dr. Platto used x-rays to measure the amount of varus 

angulation, but the radiologist who reviewed the same x-rays did not find a significant varus and, 

in fact, did not mention the varus at all. Therefore, Dr. Slutsky found that the varus was not a 

consistent observation and could not be used for a physical examination grade modifier. He 

further found that Dr. Platto documented only one measurement for each joint motion, which 

was not consistent with the requirements set forth in the A.M.A., Guides.

4

 As such, the range of 

                                                             4

 The A.M.A., Guides, page 464, requires range of motion to be measured at least three times. See J.J., Docket 

No. 14-1143 (issued December 10, 2014). 
4

motion method of rating impairment was not valid. Dr. Slutsky assigned a grade modifier of 1 

for physical examination. Using the net adjustment formula of (GMFH - CDX) + (GMPE - 

CDX) + (GMCS - CDX), OWCP’S medical adviser found that (1-1) + (1-1) + (n/a) resulted in a 

net grade modifier of 0, resulting in an impairment class 1, default grade C, equaling a seven 

percent permanent impairment of the right lower extremity under Table 16-3, page 509-11, of the 

A.M.A., Guides. 

In an October 6, 2014 decision, OWCP vacated in part and affirmed, as modified, its 

prior schedule award decision on the basis that the medical evidence established a seven percent 

permanent impairment to the right lower extremity. 

By decision dated January 16, 2015, OWCP granted appellant a schedule award for seven 

percent permanent impairment of the right lower extremity. The award ran for 14.4 weeks for 

the period May 25 through September 2, 2014. It found that appellant had previously received a 

schedule award for two percent, which entitled him to an additional five percent (seven percent - 

two percent). 

LEGAL PRECEDENT 

The schedule award provisions of FECA5 provide for compensation to employees 

sustaining impairment from loss or loss of use of specified members of the body. FECA, 

however, does not specify the manner in which the percentage loss of a member shall be 

determined. The method used in making such determination is a mater which rests in the sound 

discretion of OWCP. For consistent results and to ensure equal justice, the Board has authorized 

the use of a single set of tables so that there may be uniform standards applicable to all 

claimants. The A.M.A., Guides has been adopted by OWCP as a standard for evaluation of 

schedule losses and the Board has concurred in such adoption.6 For schedule awards after 

May 1, 2009, the impairment is evaluated under the sixth edition of the A.M.A., Guides, 

published in 2009.7 

The sixth edition of the A.M.A., Guides provides a diagnosis-based method of evaluation 

utilizing the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability 

and Health (ICF).8

 Under the sixth edition, the evaluator identifies the impairment class for the 

diagnosed condition, which is then adjusted by grade modifiers based on GMFH, GMPE and 

GMCS.9

 The net adjustment formula is (GMFH - CDX) + (GMPE - CDX) + (GMCS - CDX). 

                                                             5

 5 U.S.C. § 8107; 20 C.F.R. § 10.404. 

6 See Bernard A. Babcock, Jr., 52 ECAB 143 (2000). 

7 See J.Y., Docket No. 14-1807 (issued March 9, 2015); Federal (FECA) Procedure Manual, Part 2 -- Claims, 

Schedule Awards and Permanent Disability Claims, Chapter 2.808.6.6a (January 2010); see also Part 3 -- Medical, 

Schedule Awards, Chapter 3.700.2 and Exhibit 1 (January 2010). 

8

 A.M.A., Guides (6th ed. 2009), page 3, section 1.3, The International Classification of Functioning, Disability 

and Health (ICF): A Contemporary Model of Disablement. 

9

 A.M.A., Guides (6th ed. 2009), pp. 494-531.
5

Evaluators are directed to provide reasons for their impairment rating choices, including the 

choices of diagnoses from regional grids and calculations of modifier scores.10 

Chapter 16 of the sixth edition of the A.M.A., Guides, pertaining to the lower extremities, 

provides that diagnosis-based impairment is “the primary method of calculation for the lower 

limb” and that most impairments are based on the diagnosis-based impairment where impairment 

class is determined by the diagnosis and specific criteria as adjusted by the grade modifiers for 

functional history, physical examination, and clinical studies. Chapter 16 further provides that 

alternative approaches are also provided for calculating impairment for peripheral nerve deficits, 

complex regional pain syndrome, amputation, and range of motion. Range of motion is 

primarily used as a physical examination adjustment factor and is only used to determine actual 

impairment values when it is not possible to otherwise define impairment.”11 

ANALYSIS 

The Board finds that appellant has not established that he sustained more than seven 

percent permanent impairment of his right lower extremity, for which he previously received a 

schedule award. 

OWCP accepted that appellant sustained a right knee medial meniscus tear, posterior 

horn, and aggravation of preexisting osteoarthritis of the right knee. By decision dated July 1, 

2014, it granted appellant a schedule award for two percent permanent impairment of the right 

lower extremity. In a decision dated January 16, 2015, OWCP granted appellant a schedule 

award for seven percent permanent impairment of the right lower extremity. It found that 

appellant had previously received a schedule award for two percent, which entitled him to an 

additional five percent (seven percent - two percent). The award was based on an April 14, 2014 

report of Dr. Platto and the July 27, 2013 report of Dr. Slutsky, a Board-certified orthopedic 

surgeon serving as an OWCP medical adviser. It is appellant’s burden to submit sufficient 

evidence to establish the extent of permanent impairment.12 

In his April 14, 2014 report, Dr. Platto opined that appellant had nine percent permanent 

impairment of the right lower extremity. He placed appellant in class 1 based on his diagnosis of 

meniscal injury, partial (medial and lateral meniscectomy), meniscal tear, or meniscal repair 

according to Table 16-3, page 509, of the A.M.A., Guides. Dr. Platto assigned a grade modifier 

of 1 for functional history due to antalgic gait, asymmetric shortened stance, favoring the right 

knee, AAOS score showing a mild deficit, and lack of brace or other orthotic use. He assigned a 

grade modifier of 3 for physical examination based on mild palpatory findings and a nine degree 

varus deformity found upon x-ray. Dr. Platto stated that “although there is no table in the [sixth 

edition of the A.M.A.,] Guides to rate severity of varus deformity, in the [fifth edition of the 

A.M.A.,] Guides, Table 17, p. 537, it does state that for varus deformity between 8 and 12 

percent, this would be classified as severe, or grade modifier 3.” He found that a grade modifier 

                                                             10 See R.V., Docket No. 10-1827 (issued April 1, 2011). 

11 A.M.A., Guides 497, 544-53 (6th ed. 2009). 

12 See Annette M. Dent, 44 ECAB 403 (1993). 
6

of 1 for clinical studies was not applicable as appellant underwent an operation to fix his medial 

meniscus tear. Using the net adjustment formula of (GMFH - CDX) + (GMPE - CDX) + 

(GMCS - CDX), Dr. Platto found that (1-1) + (3-1) + (n/a) resulted in a net grade modifier of 2, 

equaling three percent permanent impairment of the right lower extremity. 

Dr. Platto further found that a preexisting condition based upon his review of an MRI 

scan dated November 7, 2012 which showed evidence of moderate joint degeneration in the 

anterior and medial compartments. He stated that this degree of degeneration would not be 

expected to have occurred just two weeks after a traumatic event and opined that appellant’s 

“preexisting arthritis here may have contributed to him developing medial meniscus tear.” He 

noted that a weight-bearing x-ray revealed a three mm medial joint space interval. Dr. Platto 

placed appellant in class 1 based on his diagnosis of 3 mm cartilage interval for primary joint 

arthritis and determined that appellant had a default rating of seven percent permanent 

impairment to the right lower extremity according to Table 16-3, page 511, of the A.M.A., 

Guides. Using the net adjustment modifier of 2 based on his previously explained grade 

modifiers, he concluded that appellant had nine percent permanent impairment of the right lower 

extremity. 

In accordance with its procedures, OWCP properly referred the evidence of record to its 

OWCP medical adviser, Dr. Slutsky, who, in his September 20, 2014 report, reviewed 

Dr. Platto’s April 14, 2014 report and found that he did not properly apply the sixth edition of the 

A.M.A., Guides. Dr. Slutsky concurred with Dr. Platto that the most impairing diagnosis was the 

primary knee joint arthritis with three mm of joint space remaining and placed appellant in a 

class 1. He also concurred with Dr. Platto’s grade modifier of 1 for functional history and his 

opinion that a grade modifier for clinical studies was not applicable in appellant’s case. 

However, Dr. Slutsky explained that it was not appropriate for Dr. Platto to use the fifth edition 

of the A.M.A., Guides when he derived a grade modifier of 3 for physical examination because 

the sixth edition of the A.M.A., Guides was in effect as the time of his April 14, 2014 

evaluation.13 He further explained that the varus was not a consistent observation and could not 

be used for a physical examination grade modifier because Dr. Platto used x-rays to measure the 

amount of varus angulation, whereas the radiologist who reviewed the same x-rays did not find a 

significant varus and, in fact, did not mention the varus at all. Moreover, Dr. Slutsky asserted 

that appellant’s impairment could not be evaluated using range of motion measurements as 

Dr. Platto did not measure range of motion three times after a warm up and then utilize the 

average of the measurements as required by the A.M.A., Guides. As such, the range of motion 

method of rating impairment was not valid. For these reasons, Dr. Slutsky assigned a grade 

modifier of 1 for physical examination. Using the net adjustment formula of (GMFH - CDX) + 

(GMPE - CDX) + (GMCS - CDX), the OWCP medical adviser found that (1-1) + (1-1) + (n/a) 

resulted in a net grade modifier of 0, resulting in an impairment class 1, default grade C, equaling 

seven percent permanent impairment of the right lower extremity under Table 16-3, page 509-11, 

of the A.M.A., Guides. 

                                                             13 See FECA Bulletin No. 09-03 (issued March 15, 2009). For OWCP decisions issued before May 1, 2009, the 

fifth edition of the A.M.A., Guides (5th ed. 2001) is used. 
7

The Board finds that OWCP’s medical adviser applied the appropriate tables and grading 

schemes of the sixth edition of the A.M.A., Guides to Dr. Platto’s clinical findings. 

Dr. Slutsky’s calculations were mathematically accurate. There is no medical evidence of record 

utilizing the appropriate tables of the sixth edition of the A.M.A., Guides demonstrating a greater 

percentage of permanent impairment. Therefore, the Board finds that OWCP properly relied on 

Dr. Slutsky’s assessment of seven percent permanent impairment to the right lower extremity. 

As the hospital records and reports from Dr. Christoforetti do not provide an impairment 

rating based on the sixth edition of the A.M.A., Guides, the Board finds that they lack probative 

value and are insufficient to establish appellant’s claim. 

On appeal counsel contends that OWCP’s medical adviser disregarded appellant’s 

preexisting condition and improperly minimized the impairment rating provided by his treating 

physician. Based on the findings and reasoning stated above, the Board finds counsel’s 

arguments are not substantiated. 

Appellant may request a schedule award or increased schedule award based on evidence 

of a new exposure or medical evidence showing progression of an employment-related condition 

resulting in permanent impairment or increased impairment. 

CONCLUSION 

The Board finds that appellant has failed to establish more than seven percent permanent 

impairment of the right lower extremity, for which he received a schedule award. 
8

ORDER 

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT the January 16, 2015 decision of the Office of 

Workers’ Compensation Programs is affirmed. 

Issued: March 22, 2016 

Washington, DC 

 

 Patricia H. Fitzgerald, Deputy Chief Judge 

 Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board 

 

 Colleen Duffy Kiko, Judge 

 Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board 

 

 Alec J. Koromilas, Alternate Judge 

 Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board