# Patent

## Title
Disk brake with a regulating system

## Abstract

The invention relates to a disk brake, particularly for commercial vehicles, comprising a brake caliper covering a brake disk, a tensing device arranged in a brake caliper for tensing the brake pads on both sides of the brake disk in the direction thereof, and at least one regulating system arranged in the brake caliper in order to equalize the brake pad and/or disk deterioration by adjusting the distance between the brake pad and the brake disk. The invention is characterized in that at least one or more adjusting rotational devices which are driven by an electric motor are provided on each side of the brake disk to adjust the axial distances between the brake pads and the brake disk. According to a method for controlling the regulating system of the brake disk, the regulating rotational device is individually controlled on both sides of the brake disk.

## Background
The invention relates to a disk brake according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method of controlling the adjusting system of the disk brake according to the preamble of claim 10.
The invention particularly relates to novel constructions of disk brakes, particularly for commercial vehicles, which are actuated pneumatically and/or electromechanically.
According to the selected principle of the introduction of power, disk brakes can be divided into two basic designs:
1. The generation of power and the wear adjustment on both sides of the brake disk; for example, a hydraulic fixed caliper disk brake with a fixed brake disk relative to the axle, and the generation of power on both sides of the brake disk, and
2. the generation of power and the wear adjustment on one side of the brake disk and the transmission of the actuating power to the side which faces away, according to the reaction power principle; for example, a sliding caliper disk brake, a hinged caliper disk brake, a fixed caliper disk brake with a slidable brake disk.
Pneumatically actuated disk brakes for heavy commercial vehicles with rim diameters of 15 inches or more normally use the reaction power principle because, as a result of the narrow installation conditions at the vehicle wheel, the arrangement of a pneumatic operating cylinder is only possible on the side of the vehicle wheel open toward the side of the vehicle interior. Constructions of these types are shown, for example, in German Patent Document DE 36 10 569 A1, German Patent Document DE 37 16 202 A1, European Patent Document EP 0 531 321 A1 (see particularly the construction of the adjusters along the lines of rotary drives) and European Patent Document EP 0 688 404 A1.
Sliding caliper or hinged caliper disk brakes require a component which is fixed with respect to the axle—generally called a brake anchor plate—which holds or guides the brake shoes/brake pads and, when the brake is actuated, absorbs their peripheral forces and carries the caliper which is slidably disposed coaxially to the vehicle axle.
The relative motion carried out by the caliper with respect to the component fixed relative to the axle can be divided into the working stroke and the wearing stroke. The invention surprisingly utilizes this effect.
The working stroke is carried out with each actuating of the brake in order to overcome the release play of the brake and to compensate the elasticities of the brake pads and the caliper resulting from the application of power. Depending on the extent of the actuating power and the amount of the release play, it is normally <4 mm.
In contrast, the wearing stroke is the wear adjusting travel which the caliper carries out over a large number of brake actuations in order to compensate the wear on the reaction side of the brake. The wearing stroke is composed of the wear of the brake pad situated on the outside and of the brake disk friction surfaces situated on the outside, and normally amounts to up to 25 mm.
In comparison, in the case of the brake design with a fixed caliper and a slidable brake disk, the working stroke and the wearing stroke are generated by sliding the brake disk.
The designs with the sliding caliper or hinged caliper have the disadvantage that the brake anchor plate fixed relative to the axle is required for absorbing the peripheral force of the brake pads and the holding and guiding of the caliper. This component results in additional cost and additional weight. Furthermore, the required sliding guidance or hinge system is susceptible to problems.
In the design with the slidable brake disk, in contrast, the problem is keeping the brake disk on the guiding area of the hub easily slidable throughout the entire service life. An effective sealing-off can hardly be implemented because of the narrow installation conditions and the harsh environmental exposure.
Based on this background, the invention starts with the idea of combining the advantages of the above-described caliper concepts and thereby achieves, among other things, the objective of simplifying the construction of the disk brake and reducing its overall weight relative to sliding caliper brakes.
The invention achieves this task by means of the object of claim 1.
It is another object of the invention to provide a simple and versatile method of controlling the adjusting system of the disk brake.
The invention achieves this task by means of the object of claim 10.
According to claim 1, the adjusting system has at least one or several of the adjusting devices on each side of the brake disk so that the axial distances between the two brake pads and the brake disk on both sides of the brake disk are adjustable.
Since, on each side of the brake disk, at least one or two adjusting devices is/are provided for separately displacing the brake pads on both sides of the brake disk, the path to be bridged by the caliper can clearly be reduced when the caliper is designed as a sliding or hinged caliper.
As a result of this measure, particularly a disk brake can be implemented in the case of which the generating of the reaction power takes place on the side of the brake facing away from the application side by means of

    
    
        sliding the caliper and/or
        swivelling the caliper and/or
        sliding the brake disk, in which case, as the result of the sliding and/or swivelling motion, essentially only the path of half the power stroke or of the entire power stroke can be bridged.
    
    


The invention combines the advantages of the fixed-caliper principle—such as compact construction and implementation of the wearing stroke by the actuating system—with the advantages of the reaction power principle.
As an alternative or in addition, it is also conceivable that the generation of the reaction power takes place on the side of the brake facing away from the application side by an elastic deformation of the caliper and/or of the brake disk and/or of another element, by means of the deformation essentially only the path of half the power stroke or of the entire power stroke being bridgeable. In this case, bearings of the brake disk or of the caliper can advantageously be further reduced or even completely eliminated. Elastic brake disks are known per se, for example, from German Patent Document DE 198 10 685 A1.
As a result of the additional adjusting device(s) on both sides of the disk brake, it is permitted to further develop the brake such that only a mobility, preferably a slidability and/or a swivellability of the caliper and/or the brake disk have to be ensured which is dimensioned such that the working stroke during brakings can be bridged in order to apply the brake. In this manner the sliding and/or rotary bearings and guides can be dimensioned to be correspondingly smaller and less expensive. Additionally, it is ensured that a smooth running takes place along the complete sliding or swivelling path since the latter is bridged during virtually every braking.
The brake disk is preferably constructed as a sliding disk which is slidably guided on a brake disk hub such that, as a result of the sliding, a sliding path can be implemented which is maximally limited to the power stroke (depending on the design, the path which can be bridged by the sliding and/or swivelling motion of the caliper amounts to less than 4-6 mm or even less than 3 mm in the case of a commercial vehicle brake.
As an alternative or in addition, the caliper can be constructed as a sliding caliper which has a sliding caliper bearing which can be fastened directly to the axle flange and which is dimensioned such that a sliding path can be bridged which is limited to the power stroke.
As an alternative or in addition, the caliper may be constructed as a hinged caliper which has a hinged caliper bearing which preferably can be fastened directly to the axle flange and can be bridged by means of the swivelling angle which displaces the caliper relative to the brake disk essentially by the amount of the power stroke.
In particular, the disk brake according to the invention makes it possible to continue to arrange the power generating device—such as a pneumatically actuated and/or electric-motor-actuated brake cylinder or an electric drive—only on one side on the brake.
According to the method of the invention, electric-motor-adjusting devices, particularly adjusting rotary devices, are individually controlled on both sides of the brake disk.
The invention thereby utilizes the advantage that the electric-motor-driven adjusting devices can be controlled and adjusted independently of one another—but also synchronously jointly—at any point in time in the released condition of the brake.
Thus, an individual adjusting of the release play takes place on both sides of the brake disk by means of the adjusting devices on both sides of the brake disk, preferably such that, when a non-uniform wearing of the brake pads occurs, the release play on both sides of the brake disk is adjusted non-uniformly on both sides of the brake disk by means of the adjusted devices, particularly adjusting rotary devices in order to compensate the non-uniform wear during brakings which follow. In the manner, a different wear of the brake pads and/or of the brake disk on both sides of the brake disk can be counteracted in a simple manner.
In addition, it becomes possible to determine and compensate possible geometrical tolerances after the installation of the brake before or after the start of its first operation.
However, the electric-motor-driven adjusting devices on both sides of the brake disk also have additional advantages. Thus, they offer the surprising possibility of an active displacement of a brake disk slidably guided on the vehicle axle also in the released condition of the brake disk. For this purpose, the brake disk is displaced by way of an adjusting of the brake pads on the vehicle axle by means of at least one or several electric-motor-driven adjusting devices.
In this manner, it is, on the one hand, possible to actively restore the displaceable brake disk after a braking.
Furthermore, it becomes possible in this manner to ensure the displaceability of the brake disk on the vehicle axle, particularly when the displacing of the brake disk on the vehicle axle is repeated at given time intervals for securing the displaceability of the brake disk on the vehicle axle.
The electric-motor-driven adjusting devices offer additional advantages.
Thus, according to a variant of the invention, by means of at least one of the electric-motor-driven adjusting devices, a cleaning of the brake pads and/or brake disks, particularly in the event of off-the-road driving, preferably takes place such that, by means of the adjusting devices, for cleaning the brake pads and/or the brake disk, the brake pads are in a simple manner pressed against the brake disk, preferably in a slightly grinding manner.
The cleaning is preferably carried out as a function of a sensing of external conditions, such as rain or dirt, or as a function of an activation of the cleaning by the driver and/or is repeated at given time intervals.
For implementing the described control methods, the electric motors for driving the adjusting devices are expediently connected with a control device (such as an EBS control unit or another control device with a computer, particularly with a memory), which is designed for the connection of a sensor for the sensing or other determining of the release play of the disk brake and/or for the differentiation between an applied and a released condition of the disk brake.
For displacing the displaceable brake disk, the control device preferably controls the adjusting devices on both sides of the brake disk as follows: The at least one adjusting device on one side of the brake disk is moved in the direction of the brake disk and the at least one adjusting device on the opposite side of the brake disk is moved in the opposite direction in order to displace the brake disk on the vehicle axle; whereupon, preferably the moving direction of the adjusting devices on both sides of the brake disk is reversed so that the brake disk is slid back in the opposite direction.



In the following, embodiments of the invention are explained in detail with reference to the drawing.
FIGS. 1a-f are section-type schematic diagrams of different types of disk brakes;
FIGS. 2a,b are two partial sectional views perpendicular and parallel to the brake disk of a second embodiment of a disk brake according to the invention;
FIGS. 3a, b are two partial sectional views perpendicular and parallel to the brake disk of a third embodiment of a disk brake according to the invention;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an adjuster module;
FIG. 5 is another perspective view of the adjuster module of FIG. 4;
FIGS. 6a, b are perspective views of another adjuster module, in FIG. 6, one of the mounting plates having been removed;
FIG. 7 is an exploded view of an application device;
FIGS. 8a-c; a′-c′ are additional views and sectional views of the application device of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a perspective representation of a part of a rotary lever for application devices of the type of FIG. 7;
FIG. 10 is a top view and four sectional views of the rotary lever of the type of FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is an application unit which can be preassembled and consists of the adjuster module and the rotary lever;
FIGS. 12, 13 are a perspective view of a reaction-side part of a two part caliper and a perspective view of the application side caliper part;
FIGS. 14, 15 are sectional views of hinged caliper disk brakes;
FIG. 16 is a perspective view of another disk brake;
FIGS. 17-19 are sectional views of variations of the arrangement of bearing balls at the rotary lever and on the adjoining structural members;
FIGS. 20a-f are additional section-type schematic diagrams of the disk brakes of FIG. 1;
FIGS. 20g, h are schematic diagrams of additional variants of disk brakes;
FIG. 21 shows different views and variants of disk brakes of the type of FIG. 20f; 
FIGS. 22-26 are views and sectional views of another disk brake;
FIG. 27 is a view of the adjusting module for the brake of FIGS. 22-26.
FIG. 28 is a view of two alternative embodiments of adjusting rotary devices;
FIGS. 29, 30 are views of different control methods.



FIG. 1a illustrates a disk brake which has a caliper 1 reaching around a brake, disk 3 in its upper peripheral area. Brake pads 5, 7 are arranged on both sides of the brake disk 3, which brake pads 5, 7 can be slid in the direction of the brake disk and away from it, that is, perpendicular to the plane of the brake disk 3, and, in a conventional manner, consist of a brake pad carrier 5a, 7a and the pad material 5b, 7b mounted thereon.
On one side of the brake disk (on the right in FIG. 1), the caliper 1a can be fastened in its lower section, which extends essentially perpendicular to the brake disk toward the latter to the interior, by means of at least one or several bolts 9, either directly to the axle flange 11 of the vehicle axle (otherwise not shown here) or, by way of an intermediate flange (not shown here), to the axle flange 11.
The caliper 1 is stationary relative to the axle flange 11; it is therefore a so-called fixed caliper. Since the caliper 1 cannot be slid relative to the axle flange, it requires application devices 13, 15 on both sides of the brake disk 13 for the application (and release) of the brake pads 5, 7 in the direction of the brake disk 3.
On its upper side, which is on the right in FIG. 1a, the caliper has an opening for a piston rod 276 (not shown here) of a brake cylinder 274 (which is also not shown here and is preferably pneumatic) or an electromechanical driving mechanism (see also FIG. 20a).
The piston rod acts upon a rotary lever 19 which is—preferably eccentrically—disposed on the caliper 1 and is designed (directly by way of corresponding projections or optionally by way of additional structural members which are not shown here but are indicated as examples in the additional figures) for advancing, by means of at least one rotary adjusting device of an adjusting sleeve 21, in which a thrust piece is screwably arranged, a brake pad 7—here, on the right—in the direction of the brake disk 3.
A restoring spring (not shown in FIG. 1) may be used for returning the brake pad.
Since the brake disk 3 as well as the caliper 1 are fixedly or stationarily arranged relative to the vehicle axle, the additional application device 15 is provided on the side of the brake disk 3 situated opposite the first application device 13.
This additional application device 15 provided on the left side of the brake disk 3 in FIG. 1 is constructed analogous to the application device 13; that is, it also has a rotary lever 25 which is preferably disposed eccentrically on the interior side of the caliper 1, and which is designed (directly by way of corresponding projections or optionally by way of additional structural members which are not shown here but are indicated as examples in the additional figures) for advancing, by means of at least one adjusting sleeve 27, in which a thrust piece 29 is screwably arranged, the second brake pad 5—here, on the left—in the direction of the brake disk 3. The rotary lever 25 has an eccentricity which is opposite to the eccentricity of the rotary lever 19.
The two rotary levers are directly connected with one another by means of a coupling mechanism which is constructed here as a bolt 31 coupled in an articulated manner to the upper ends of the rotary levers 19, 25 and connecting the latter with one another. The two rotary levers 19, 25 therefore move synchronously with respect to one another.
In contrast to the state of the art according to FIG. 1c, in FIG. 1a, separate application devices 13, 15 are therefore provided in each case on both sides of the brake disk, which application devices 13, 15 can be jointly operated by means of the coupling mechanism.
An analogous situation exists with respect to the adjusting system of the disk brake of FIG. 1a. The adjusting system of this brake has adjusting devices arranged on both sides of the disk brake. These adjusting devices comprise the mutually screwed-together and therefore also mutually axially adjustable adjusting sleeves 21, 27 and thrust pieces 23, 29 as well as preferably separate adjuster devices (see the additional figures) on both sides of the brake disk 3. As an alternative to the rotary adjusting devices, repositionable pistons or other repositionable devices can also be implemented. As an alternative—see FIG. 28—, the thrust pieces 23′ and 29′ may be provided with a sleeve-type projection 294 which meshes on one side with a bolt 296 provided with an external thread, which bolt 296 is supported at the rotary lever 19 or at the caliper or at another element. The thrust pieces are preferably sealed off twice with respect to the mounting and closing plate 102 (seals 298, 299). It is important that the pressure pieces are constructed to be movable in the direction of the brake disk.
The embodiments of FIGS. 1b, 1d and 1f differ from the embodiment of FIG. 1a in that the caliper has an application device 13 in each case only on one side of the brake disk 3, the generating of the reaction power taking place on the side of the brake facing away from the actuating device by a sliding or swivelling of the caliper 1 and/or by the sliding of the brake disk 3. The wear adjustment on the reaction side, however, is not implemented as according to the state of the art (FIG. 1c and FIG. 1e) by sliding or swivelling the caliper or by sliding the brake disk but, as in FIG. 1a, by means of an adjusting device integrated in the caliper on the reaction side. According to FIGS. 20g and h, the generation of the reaction power can be achieved by an elastic deformation of the caliper, the brake disk or of a separate element 292.
In addition to a clear reduction of weight and cost by the elimination of the brake anchor plate and of the sliding guidance system of a sliding caliper and an increase of the robustness by the elimination of these structural members, disk brakes constructed in this manner have the advantage that, because of the compulsory wear adjustment, a greater influence can be exercised on a nonuniform wear of the inner and outer brake pads.
Another important advantage of these variants is that the sliding or swivelling travel to be carried out by the caliper 1 and/or the brake disk 3 is limited to the power stroke required for the application of the reaction power, which power stroke amounts to only a small fraction of the wearing stroke; for example, the required power stroke of a pneumatically actuated disk brake for 22-inch wheels amounts to approximately 4 mm, while the wearing stroke amounts to approximately 25 mm.
Like the embodiment of FIG. 1a, the embodiment of FIG. 1b has adjusting devices arranged on both sides of the disk brake. These again comprise the adjusting sleeves 21, 27 and the thrust pieces 23, 29, which can be screwed to one another and can therefore also be axially adjusted relative to one another, as well as preferably also separate adjuster drives (see the additional figures) on both sides of the brake disk 3.
However, in contrast to FIG. 1a, the disk brake of FIG. 1b only has an application device on one side of the brake disk 3 (here, on the right side), which clearly reduces the costs of this variant in comparison to that of FIGS. 1 (1a), because structural members (among others, the rotary lever 25) can be eliminated on the opposite of the brake disk. Instead, it becomes possible to arrange the adjusting sleeve 27 axially but rotatably in a stationary manner on the interior side of the caliper (back of caliper) and, for adjusting the brake pad wear on this side of the brake disk 3, to screw the thrust piece 29 relative to the axially fixed adjusting sleeve 27, so that the axial position of the thrust piece 29 is changed relative to the brake disk 3.
The caliper 1 of the embodiment according to FIG. 1b is, in turn, constructed like the caliper 1 of the embodiment of FIG. 1a as a fixed caliper.
Another characteristic feature of the embodiment according to FIG. 1b is the slidability of the brake disk 3 relative to the wheel axle. For this purpose, the brake disk is preferably provided with a toothing in the area of its hub (not shown here) which is constructed such that a sliding path of, for example, <2 mm can be implemented which is limited to the power stroke.
Slidable brake disks are known per se. A significant difference with respect to the known sliding disk principle, which requires the wearing path of, for example, 25 mm, as the sliding path, consists of the fact that the brake disk 3 of the brake according to FIG. 1b is constantly in the range of its working stroke of <2 mm, so that the working stroke sliding path between the brake disk hub and the actual brake disk 3 is kept free of frictional corrosion formations and contamination by the constant movement during the actuation of the brake, by vibration, etc. The brake disk 3 therefore remains constantly easily slidable in the range of its working stroke.
In addition, the small sliding range can be provided relatively easily with protective measures against the formation of corrosion and against contamination.
In comparison, a conventional sliding brake disk gradually changes its working position on the sliding range of, for example, 25 mm with increasing wear. The not constantly used sliding range therefore becomes sluggish over time as a result of corrosion and contamination, which may seriously impair the operation of the brake. The relatively large sliding range can be provided with protective measures only at high expenditures. These problems do not occur in the case of the solution according to FIG. 1b. 
FIG. 1c shows the state of the art of a sliding caliper, in the case of which the caliper 1 is constructed as a sliding caliper with a caliper bearing which is slidable along the path o the power stroke relative to the brake disk or the wheel axle or the brake anchor plate (not shown here) conventionally provided in the case of sliding caliper disk brakes, so that the application of the brake pad 5 situated opposite the application device 3 takes place on the other side of the brake disk 34 by a reaction-power-caused sliding of the caliper, an adjusting rotary device being provided only on one side of the brake disk, specifically on the side of the application device 13.
Here, the embodiment of FIG. 1d uses a different approach. The construction of the braking mechanism in the interior of the caliper 1 corresponds to that of the embodiment according to FIG. 1b. However, in this case, in contrast to FIG. 1b, not the brake disk but the caliper is “micro-slidable”, that is, essentially only by the amount of half the working stroke (<2 mm) but not by the amount of the wear readjusting path. This means that the sliding path of the caliper bearing 33 is only as large as the maximal working stroke and typically amounts to less than 5 mm, for example, 2 to 4 mm.
In order to implement this, the disk brake of FIG. 1d, like the disk brake of FIG. 1b, has separate adjusting devices (here, elements 21, 23 and 27, 29) on both sides of the brake disk 3.
Naturally, a combination of the embodiments according to FIGS. 1b and 1d can also be implemented; thus, a disk brake with a caliper bearing and a slidable brake disk which can, in each case, be slid by approximately half the working stroke. This embodiment is also provided with separate adjusting devices on both sides of the brake disk 3.
FIG. 1e shows a so-called hinged caliper disk brake, where the caliper is swivellably by a defined angle disposed on the brake anchor plate or an axle part (pivot bearing 35 with a strut connection 37 to the actual hinged caliper 1).
According to FIG. 1e, this swivelling angle α is selected to be so large that the entire wear adjusting path can be bridged during the swivelling of the caliper.
In this variant, the basic construction of the application mechanism in the interior of the caliper again corresponds to the application mechanism of FIG. 1c. 
In contrast, FIG. 1f shows a disk brake with a swivellable caliper 1 which again has a pivot bearing 39. However, the “hinged caliper”, which is disposed on the pivot bearing by way of the strut connection 37, can be swivelled only by an angle α which is so large that the brake pads can be swivelled by the path of half the working stroke relative to the brake disk 3. This disk brake also again has an application device only on one side of the brake disk but has at least one adjusting device on both sides of the brake disk.
Naturally, a combination of the embodiments according to FIGS. 1b and 1f can also be implemented; thus, a combination of a disk brake with a swivellable caliper and a slidable brake disk. This embodiment is also equipped with separate adjusting devices on both sides of the brake disk 3. In the latter case, the required sliding path in the power stroke can be distributed to the caliper 1 and the brake disk 3.
It should be noted that the invention is suitable for disk brakes, particularly commercial vehicle disk brakes, of many different types. Thus, the idea of adjusting devices on both sides of the brake disk can be implemented in the case of brakes which can be applied by an electric motor as well as in the case of pneumatically actuated brakes. Furthermore, the adjusting devices may be coupled for the drive with the application device(s) on one or both sides of the brake disk and/or may be provided independently of the application devices with one or several separate electromagnetic drive(s). Here, mixed constructions are also conceivable, for example, with an adjusting device having an electric motor on the reaction side and with an adjusting device mechanically coupled with the rotary lever on the side of the application device.
In addition, it is possible to adjust the adjusting rotary devices on both sides of the brake disk 1 (3?) by means of a computer and/or microprocessor control separately from one another or, for achieving a joint adjustment, to carry out a mechanical coupling of the adjusting devices on both sides of the brake disk 3.
The forced restoring of the respective slidable or swivellable element—caliper or brake disk—can be carried out by elastic restoring elements (for example, restoring spring(s)) or an active restoring can be carried out by the reaction-side adjuster module.
In addition, the invention is suitable for brakes with only a single adjusting drive on each side of the brake disk as well as for embodiments with two or even more adjusting drives on each side of the adjusting rotary device.
Another variant is illustrated in FIGS. 20g and h. Accordingly, the caliper 1 can be elastically deformed by the amount of half the power stroke or the entire power stroke. According to FIG. 20g, the caliper has an elastic lower area 290 for the fastening to the axle flange 11, and according to FIG. 20h, it is connected with the axle flange 11 by way of a separate elastic element 292 (for example, a leaf spring element) which is screwed between the axle flange and the caliper 1. A caliper bearing is not longer necessary. These variants can optionally also be combined with an elastically deformable brake disk (not shown here) or with a slidable brake disk, in which case the path of the caliper and of the brake disk to be bridged by elasticity may have a particularly small dimension.
Advantageous further developments of the adjusting devices or of the entire adjusting mechanism with the adjusting devices and the adjuster drives are illustrated in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4.
According to FIG. 2, an adjuster module 50 is in each case arranged on one side of the brake disk 3 and has an output shaft with an output gearwheel 52 and a free-wheel device and/or an overload coupling device 53.
A synchronization chain 54 for the synchronization as well as the adjusting movements of all adjusting devices meshes with the output gearwheel, in the present case, two adjusting rotary devices respectively being arranged on each side of the brake disk 3. The disk brake of FIG. 2 therefore has a total of four adjusting rotary devices (adjusting sleeves 21a, b, 27a, b; thrust pieces 23a, b; 29a, b).
The synchronization chain 54 is situated in a plane perpendicular to the brake disk 3 in the upper interior area of the caliper 3 and is deflected at the caliper 1 on four bolts 56 four times by approximately 90° and in this manner is guided essentially on a rectangular contour in the caliper 1, the synchronization chain extending around the brake disk 3 in its upper peripheral area.
The output gearwheel 52 drives the chain 54 on the side of the application device or on the side of the introduction of the braking power into the disk brake by way of (partial) ball-socket-shaped bearings (described in greater detail below) and two bearing balls 56a, b on the back of the caliper of the rotary lever 19 disposed at the caliper 1 (which in this area has a closed construction), which rotary lever will be explained in greater detail below by means of the additional figures.
The synchronization chain 54 also meshes with four gearwheels 58a, b, 60a, b, which are each disposed on shafts 59a, b, which have cylindrical worms 62a, b (see FIG. 2b) in the downward direction, which cylindrical worms 62a, b mesh with an external toothing of the adjusting sleeves 21a, b which are provided with an internal thread and are screwed onto the thrust pieces 23a, b provided with an external thread.
As a result of the synchronization device in the form of a synchronization chain 54 guided “around” the brake disk 3, it is therefore possible to drive as well as synchronize all four adjusting rotary devices on the two sides of the brake disk by means of only one “adjuster drive”.
Another embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 3. In this embodiment, the rotations of the two adjusting sleeves 21a, b and 27a, b respectively on each side of the brake disk 3 are in each case synchronized by synchronization chains 68, 70 wound around gearwheels 64a, b and 66a, b respectively fitted onto the adjusting sleeves.
A synchronization of the rotary drives on one side of the brake disk is known from German Patent Document DE 42 12 405 A1. In the present case, the synchronization chains 68, 70 mesh on each side of the brake disk but, in addition, also in each case with an output gearwheel 52 which is arranged in the center between the two rotating spindles and two which one automatic free-wheel and/or overload coupling device 53 respectively is assigned.
According to FIG. 3, the synchronization of the adjusting rotary drive on each side of the brake disk 3 therefore takes place by separate synchronization chains 68, 70 arranged on the respective brake disk side (or correspondingly designed—here not shown—synchronization belts). A Bowden cable 72 in the nature of a bendable shaft with a spur gear or cross gear, which Bowden cable 72 is guided in a curve along the lines of a “cable channel” 74 in the caliper 1 around a side of the peripheral edge of the brake disk 3, transmits the driving power from the free-wheel and/or overload coupling device 53 on the side of the power introduction into the disk brake (here, on the left) to the reaction side. The two ends of the cable channel 74 are closed by means of sealing stoppers 76 pulled by way of the Bowden cable.
The embodiment of FIG. 3 has the advantage that not a single chain in the manner of the synchronization chain 54 is excessively loaded but that, at relatively low constructive expenditures, the loads can be distributed to the two chains 68, 70 on each side of the brake disk 3 and the Bowden cable 72.
The actual adjusting drive according to FIG. 2 as well as according to FIG. 3 is implemented by a driving device 82 which is arranged at the rotary lever 19 and which acts upon a shift fork 84 disposed on the end of the shaft 86, on which the gearwheel 52 is also situated so that, when the disk brake is applied and during the movement of the rotary lever 19 connected therewith, a rotating of the gearwheel 52 is caused, the synchronization chains 68, 70 and the Bowden cable 72 transmitting this rotation to all four adjusting rotary drives.
It can also be easily recognized in FIG. 3 that the caliper 1 has a divided construction approximately in the plane of the brake disk, the two caliper parts 1a and 1b being screwed to one another by means of studs 78 which are guided from one side through the caliper 1 and engage in bores 80 of the other caliper part 1b, which bores 80 are distributed along the outer circumferences and have an internal thread. The application device can be assembled in the caliper 1 or can be mounted as a preassembled application module (for example, in the manner of German Patent Document DE 195 15 063 C1). It is also easily visible in FIG. 3 that the fixed caliper 1 has a relatively light construction; that is, it can be limited to a constructive minimum. The caliper is preferably constructed in one piece and preferably without screws, the insertion of the elements of the application system and of the adjusting devices preferably taking place from the side of the brake disk.
The total transmission ratio of the synchronization mechanisms in FIGS. 2 and 3 is preferably selected such that the advancing movement on the application side and the reaction side takes place in a uniform manner. However, for compensating a systematically occurring wear difference, a stepping-up or stepping-down in the transmission of the adjusting movement between the application side and reaction side may be implemented.
Another characteristic feature of the disk brakes according to the invention with respect to their adjusting and synchronization mechanism is illustrated in the additional FIGS. 4, 5 and 6. These figures each show an “adjuster module” which can be produced in the manner of a preassembled unit and can be inserted into a corresponding clearance of the disk brake, particularly in the area of the application device.
In one of its top views, the adjuster module 100, which can be preassembled, has an elongated, essentially rectangular shape, however, with edges which are rounded and shaped-out according to the requirements. It comprises two mutually spaced, mutually parallel and mutually essentially covering mounting plates 102, 104, between which a clearance is situated in which preferably an electric motor 106 as an adjuster drive and a transmission 108 is housed for converting the rotating movements of the drive shaft of the electric motor to an appropriate rotational speed for driving the adjusting rotary devices (spindles).
The mounting plate 102 has slightly larger dimensions than the other mounting plate 104 and is provided in the outer circumferential area with bores 110 for studs (not shown here) for the fastening to the caliper. The mounting plate 102 is also used as a closing plate for caliper openings (see FIGS. 12 and 13). In contrast, the mounting plate 104 is mainly used for the mounting of the motor 106 and the transmission 108.
On the other mounting plate 104—for example, on its exterior side—the synchronization chain 68 can preferably be mounted which is laid around the gearwheels 64a, b and synchronizes the rotations of the adjusting sleeves 21a, b and thus those of the two adjusting rotary devices.
The adjusting sleeves 21a, 21b, in each case, reach through recesses/indentations/guides (not shown here) of the mounting plates 102, 104.
According to FIGS. 4 and 5 as well as according to FIG. 6, the electric motor 106 is disposed on a type of mounting metal sheet 114 which is fastened to one mounting plate 104 and on/at which spacers 116 and/or bends are provided by means of which the two mounting plates are fixed in a mutually parallel spaced manner. When an electric motor 106 is used, the use of mechanical free wheels and the use of overload couplings may optionally also be eliminated in the case of a corresponding electronic control system and/or a corresponding automatic electronic control system.
According to FIG. 5, gearwheels 117a, b, which are arranged between the mounting plates 102, 104, take over the transmission of the rotations of the electric motor 106 to the gearwheel 52.
The motor fixed on the mounting metal sheet 114 is situated essentially at a slight angle to the straight line connecting the axes of the two adjusting sleeves. According to FIG. 6, its output gearwheel 120 meshes with a gearwheel 122 which is disposed on a shaft 124 aligned parallel to the motor 106, which shaft 124 is disposed in recesses of two of the bends 116 of the mounting metal sheet 114. Cylindrical worms 126a, b are in each case applied to the ends of the shaft 124, which cylindrical worms 126a, b mesh with the gearwheels 128a, 128b which, by way of shafts 130a, 130b penetrating the other mounting plate 104 and at whose ends gearwheels 132a, 132b are arranged which mesh with the gear wheels 64a, 64b on the adjusting sleeves 21a, 21b. The cylindrical worms are constructed such (right-hand construction or left-hand construction) that no different thread directions (right-hand thread/left-hand thread) are required for the thrust pieces. The thrust pieces 23a, 23b can in each case be screwed with their thread inserts in a premountable manner into the adjusting sleeves 21.
Thus, one adjuster drive respectively as well as the adjusting rotary devices can be integrated in a space-saving manner in the adjuster module 100, which can be produced in a cost-effective fashion from only a few parts and is easily mountable, on each side of the brake disk as well as its synchronization mechanism.
One of the adjuster modules 100 can be provided in each side of the brake disk 3, in which case the synchronization of the adjusting movements can take place in a mechanically as well as electronically/computerized controlling and/or automatically controlling manner. It is only necessary to lead a power supply cable and/or a data transmission cable to the disk brake and to lead these in the disk brake to the adjuster module 100.
When using an electric adjuster drive with an electric motor 106, it is therefore basically possible to use only one electric motor 106 and to mechanically carry out the transmission of the adjusting movement from the application side to the reaction side, for example, in the manner of FIG. 2 or 3.
However, advantageously, an independent electric adjusting drive is arranged on the reaction side.
Because of coupling and sealing problems, the electric wiring connection of the reaction side with the application side can be implemented more easily than the mechanical transmission synchronization and, because of the possibility of the independent control of the two adjusting systems, additional controlling/automatic controlling possibilities of the operating behavior of the brake are obtained.
Thus, an individual controlling of the adjusting rotary drives of the two adjuster modules 100 on both sides of the brake disk 3 permits the following:

    
    
        An individual adjusting of the release play on both sides of the brake disk 3 to its respective occurring position; for example, when a mounted brake disk is used, its installation position may scatter by  ̃/−1 mm as a result of component tolerances;
        an active restoring of the slidable brake disk or of the sliding or hinged caliper into a desired starting position is permitted after each braking;
        in the event of the occurrence of an uneven brake pad wear, the release play can be adjusted to unequal on the two sides of the brake disk in order to compensate an uneven wear during subsequent brakings;
        when the vehicle is used in off-road driving, the brake shoes/brake pads may be designed to be slightly grinding in order to keep the friction surfaces free of abrasive dirt;
        a minimizing of the required release play and thus of the operating energy requirement is permitted.
    
    


Specifically the above-mentioned advantages demonstrate that it is useful to combine the advantageous effects of the ideas of the brakes of FIG. 1 and/or of the synchronization mechanisms according to FIGS. 2 and 3 and/or of the adjuster modules according to FIGS. 4 to 6 to form a fundamentally new type of brake disk.
This will be explained in detail in the following by means of additional embodiments.
It is known (for example, from European Patent Document EP 0 531 321) to provide the rotary lever 19 with an eccentric or eccentric section which acts directly or by way of additional elements upon a traverse into which the thrust pieces are screwed.
It is also known to provide the rotary lever with lateral projections which act upon the ends of the thrust pieces or on adjusting sleeves into which the thrust pieces are screwed (German Patent Document DE 36 10 569 A1).
The two concepts have the construction of the rotary lever in common which has an approximately semicircular projection which, on the outer diameter, forms the slide way for a roller bearing, in the interior of the respective semicircular projection, the eccentric being formed by means of a slide bearing half shell as well as a bearing roller accommodated therein.
Particularly in the case of the second described construction, this bearing arrangement makes it possible to keep the reaction forces of the eccentric bearing and of the outer roller bearing congruent in their position on the longitudinal axis of the lever.
As a result, it is achieved that bending loads onto the lever as well as deformations of the latter as well as a resulting edge run of the roller bearing and the slide bearing are avoided, which may clearly reduce the service life of the bearings which may clearly reduce the service life of the bearings.
Although in the case of the construction having a traverse, the deformation of the lever is reduced by means of the traverse, here also an increase of the service life is desirable, particularly by avoiding an edge run.
A replacement of the roller bearing is also desirable on the side of the larger diameter of the eccentric projection of the rotary lever. The necessity to arrange the outer bearing shell as a semi-cylindrical projection in an enveloping manner around the eccentric necessarily leads to relatively large bearing diameters of the outer bearing. This results in the necessity of using a roller bearing on the outer bearing since, when a slide bearing is used, the higher resistances to friction in conjunction with the large friction diameters may lead to friction losses and application force losses and, as a result, to an undesirably high brake hysteresis.
The application device of the lever-operated disk brake therefore is to be further optimized in that an extensive use of slide bearings with small friction diameters is achieved while the deformations of the rotary lever are simultaneously minimized.
FIG. 7 illustrates the novel construction and bearing of the rotary lever 19.
The rotary lever 19 is constructed as a traverse-type structural member which makes the use of a traverse separately of the rotary lever unnecessary.
The rotary lever 19 is particularly easily visible in FIG. 9, which is limited to a representation of the section to the right of the plane of symmetry “S” of the one-piece rotary lever 19 and above another “plane of symmetry”, but here only relative to the lower portion of the rotary lever.
The rotary lever 19 has an “upper” recess 150 (hemispherically cup-shaped) for receiving the end of a piston rod of an actuating device (for example, a brake cylinder, electrically and/or mechanically and/or pneumatically operable) (see, for example, also European Patent Document EP 0 531 321). From the area of the upper recess 150, the lever widens in the area of a “triangular” section 152 in the downward direction until it reaches a width exceeding the spacing of the two adjusting sleeves 21a, b and the thrust pieces 23a, 23b. It also widens in the direction (viewed in the installed position) perpendicular to the brake disk.
In the area of the triangular section 152, recesses 154, 156 are provided on the two main outer surfaces of the rotary lever 19, which recesses 154, 156 minimize the weight of the rotary lever 19, the strut-type edges 152a of the triangular section 152 of the rotary lever providing the latter in this area with an increased stability with respect to bending loads.
The triangular section 152 of the rotary lever, which in the conventional representation of FIGS. 7 and 9, is “situated at the top”, is adjoined in its lower area, which faces away from the recess 150, by a traverse-type section 158 of an essentially constant width which is essentially rectangular in the top view but which in comparison with the triangular section has an essentially step-type clearly enlarging depth (in the installed position, viewed perpendicular to the brake disk plane).
In the rectangular section of the rotary lever, essentially six additional recesses 160a, 162a, b and 164, 165 are constructed, in which case the two outer recesses 160a, b are constructed on the side of the rotary lever 19 situated opposite the recess 150 for receiving the piston rod; the additional recesses 162a, b adjoining the above recesses toward the inside are constructed on the side of the recesses 150; and the central recesses 164, 165 are constructed on both sides of the rotary lever 19.
The four recesses 160 and 162 each have a rectangular construction with rounded ends and taper, having an essentially cup-shaped/hemispherical-shell-type design (eccentric domes and lever domes) in their end area, while the center recesses 164, 165 have a narrower oblong shape.
The four recesses 160 and 162 are used for receiving also essentially hemispherical-/partially-spherical-shell-type, cup-shaped slide bearing shells 170a, b, 172a, b (see FIG. 8).
Such a hemispherical-/partially-spherical- shell-type, cup-shaped slide bearing can also be inserted into the recess 150. The bearing balls 56a, 56b are inserted into the slide bearing shells 172a, b situated on the inside.
These bearing balls can be supported directly on the back of the caliper or on projections of the back of the caliper or on separate components 174a, b which are fixedly connected with the caliper (back) 19.
For this purpose, the caliper or the additional components are to be provided with corresponding cup-shaped recesses 176a, b, in which the bearing balls 56 engage. The bearing balls 56 can be fixed in the recesses 176.
Bearing balls or spherically shaped ends 178a, b of intermediate pieces 180a engage in the outer recesses 160a, b or in the slide bearing shells 170a, b, 172a, b inserted into the latter. The intermediate pieces 180 have a sleeve-type construction on their ends opposite the spherically shaped ends and receive the ends of the thrust pieces 23a, b facing away from the brake disk, if the pads are not yet worn out (see FIG. 8a).
The intermediate pieces 180 are axially, at their ends facing away from the rotary lever, adjoined by the adjusting sleeves 21a, b with the internal thread which can be inserted into the mounting plate 102 and/or 104. The stud-type ends of the thrust pieces 23 widening just in front of the brake disks 3 are screwed into the adjusting sleeves 21. By means of the rotation of the adjusting sleeves 19, the axial distance between the thrust pieces and the rotary lever 19 can therefore be changed for adjusting the brake pad wear, in which case the possibility of the rotation by means of the worm gear transmission 108 is outlined purely schematically, which acts upon the external toothing or a gearwheel on the adjusting sleeves 21.
The intermediate pieces 180 are therefore used for the transmission of power from the rotary lever 19 to the thrust pieces 23 during the application of the brake.
According to FIGS. 7 and 8, one pair of bearings respectively, consisting of one lever bearing and eccentric bearing respectively, is therefore arranged on the brake or rotary lever 19, which is constructed in a traverse-type manner, on both sides of the central (Line A-A in FIG. 10).
These two bearings each consist of the ball 56, 178 —preferably a roller bearing ball sliding body—as well as of the cup-shaped slide bearing shell 170, 172 engaging with the ball 56, 178, as well as of the cup-shaped indentations/recesses 176, 177, which support the ball, in each case in the component (caliper 1 or intermediate piece 180) which interacts with the ball and which does not receive the slide bearing shell.
The two pairs of bearings are received on both sides of the rotary lever 19 in the rectangular section 158 of the rotary lever 19 constructed in a traverse-type manner and arranged at a right angle with respect to the lever arm (A-A). The sliding balls 56a, 56b and 178a, 178b are therefore arranged at the traverse-type section 158 of the lever on opposite sides of the latter with an opposed pressure direction.
In addition, the sliding balls 56a, 56b and 178a, 178b are spaced away from one another with their ball centers in the longitudinal direction of the traverse-type lever section (thus perpendicular to the lever arm A-A in FIG. 1, parallel to the brake disk 1) as well as transversely to this longitudinal direction.
The spacing x transversely to the longitudinal direction defines the eccentricity of the eccentric arrangement causing the power transmission.
In contrast, the spacing y in the longitudinal direction is required in order to avoid overlapping of the two bearings or in order to be able to accommodate these jointly in the rotary lever.
The bearings, which are in each case situated opposite one another in the traverse-type section 158 of the rotary lever 19, are arranged such in this section 158 that the ball centers are almost or completely situated on a connection plane with the pivot of operation on the lever arm (recess 150, see Line “L” in FIG. 10).
However, it is also conceivable that the position of the eccentric bearing for achieving a defined change of the transmission ratio as a function of the lever position deviates by a given amount from the connection plane of the center of the lever operation to the lever bearing centers. The respective upper bearing, that is, the bearing situated on the side of the lever operation, causes the support of the rotary lever 19 against the caliper. The respective lower bearing transmits the operating force to the application-side thrust piece(s).
As in FIG. 8, the slide bearing shells may be arranged in the rotary lever 19 as well as (not shown) in the respective part of the caliper 1 or of the intermediate elements 190 which faces away, or on both sides of the balls 56, 178.
It is particularly advantageous to receive the balls 56, 178 in the component which in each case faces away from the slide bearing shell in a cup diameter which is by a defined amount larger than the ball diameter, so that, during the operation of the rotary lever 19, the ball, in addition to the sliding movement in the bearing shell, also carries out a limited rolling movement in the opposite receiving cup and thus reduces the necessary sliding movement in the bearing shell for carrying out the lever swivelling stroke and thus also the bearing friction.
The receiving play of the sliding ball in the receiving cup also permits the avoidance of the otherwise necessary tilting movement of the piston. In this case, a compensating movement in the swivel joint is superimposed on the exclusively rotatable driving of the piston.
For achieving a sufficient rolling play in the swivelling direction of the rotary lever 19 with a simultaneously good guidance transversely to the swivelling direction, the lever cup (recess 162) can be provided in a toroidal manner with a larger cup diameter in the swivelling direction than transversely to this swivelling direction.
As a result of the further development of the rotary lever 19 illustrated in FIGS. 7 to 10, in a particularly uncomplicated manner, the use of particularly simple and cost-effective ball slide bearings is permitted.
The deformation of the rotary lever 19 because of the axial distance of the power introduction into the bearings of a pair of bearings and the resulting bending moment can be minimized by the traverse-type further development.
As a result of the spherical shape of the bearing elements, a tilting course of the bearings is completely excluded; that is, also in the event of deformations of the rotary lever, the bearing capacity and the maximally achievable service life of the ball slide bearings will be fully utilized.
Furthermore, the rotary lever 19 is sufficiently fixed by the balls 56 relative to the caliper, so that a further, possibly frictional guiding of the rotary lever is no longer required.
For the special case of a brake having only one adjusting rotary device or only one spindle on each side of the brake disk or on one side of the brake disk, the rotary lever may be constructed with two lever bearings at the ends of the traverse-type section 158 and with only one eccentric bearing in the center (not shown).
The rotary lever 19 of FIGS. 1 to 10 is suitable for caliper constructions of all types; thus, for virtually all caliper types, particularly also FIG. 1 (hinged caliper, sliding caliper, fixed caliper).
It is also conceivable that the essentially spherical bearing elements 158, 160 and the pertaining cups have an elliptical shape which is flattened with respect to the ball geometry.
As examples, FIGS. 12 and 13 show the possible caliper geometries of caliper parts 1a and 1b. 
The reaction-side caliper part 1a of FIG. 12 has a recess 200 for receiving the adjuster module 100, which recess is provided with two indentations 200a, 200b for receiving the ends of the thrust pieces 29a, 29b. Bores 204 are distributed around the recess 200, to which bores 204 the mounting plate 104 can be screwed.
In contrast, the application-side caliper part 1b of FIG. 13 has a recess 206 penetrating the caliper wall toward the brake disk 1, into which recess 206 the adjuster module 100 can be inserted, bores 204 again being distributed around the recess 206, to which bores the mounting plate 104 can be screwed (optionally with an additional surrounding sealing ring).
FIG. 14 is a sectional view of a disk brake whose basic principle corresponds to FIG. 1f and which, in addition, utilizes important ideas of the other embodiments.
In contrast, FIG. 1f shows a disk brake with a swivellable caliper 1 which has the pivot bearing 39 to the axle flange 11. The “hinged caliper” which is disposed on the pivot bearing by way of the two-part strut connection 37 can be swivelled about an angle α which is so large that the brake pads 5, 7 can be swivelled by the path of the working stroke relative to the brake disk 3. This disk brake also again has an application device only on one side of the brake disk 3 with the rotary lever 19 of the type of FIGS. 10 and 11 but, on both sides of the brake disk 3, has at least one adjuster rotary device with thrust pieces 23a, b and 29a, b as well as the adjusting sleeves 21a, b and 27a, b. 
In FIG. 14, the axial offset of the rotary lever is easily visible in its lower traverse-type area at the level of the thrust pieces 23 relative to the brake disk 3 during its movement from position “i” by way position “ii” into position “iii”. The synchronization of the adjuster rotary device with the thrust pieces 23a, b and 29a, b as well as the adjusting sleeves 21a, b and 27a, b is achieved here in that a driving device 220 is linked to the rotary lever 19 in an oblong hole 222 of the latter. The driving device 220 has a rod-type construction and reaches over the upper circumferential edge of the brake disk 3. On its side facing the brake disk 3, it is also provided in sections with a type of toothed-rack profile 224, which meshes with gearwheels 226, 228 which, during an axial displacement of the driving device 220, rotate the adjusting sleeves 21, 27 and cause the adjustment. In this case, a free wheel and overload device is to be provided on each side of the brake as well as a synchronization of the two adjuster rotary devices on each side of the brake disk.
The application mechanism of FIG. 15 corresponds to that of FIG. 14. However, the adjusting synchronization takes place by way of a shaft 230 which reaches over the brake disk and has cylindrical worms 232, 234 at its ends.
FIG. 16 is a purely schematic view of the arrangement of electric-motor adjusting drives 106 on each side of the brake disk.
According to FIGS. 17a and b, the essentially spherical bearing elements 56, 178 and their receiving devices 235, 236—here, at the components 174a, b, and at the intermediate pieces 180a, b—have mutually corresponding flattenings 237, 238 on their sides pointing toward one another.
In this manner, an uncomplicated protection against torsion is ensured in order to prevent damage to the ball surface and/or the bearings in the area of the bearings. In addition, the flattenings 237, 238 contribute to an optimization of the space requirement of the bearings and to an increase of the stability.
A play between the essentially spherical bearing elements 56, 178 and their receiving devices 235, 236 in a simple manner permits a compensation of tolerances.
In a simple manner, a stripper 239—for example, in a ring shape—on the bearing cups 158, 160 prevents the leaking-out of the grease filling, as illustrated in FIG. 19.
FIG. 18 shows other variants of devices for the protection against torsion between the essentially spherical bearing elements 56, 178 and their receiving devices 235, 236.
Thus, according to FIG. 18a, the devices for protecting against torsion are constructed as a butt-welded or friction-welded seat 240.
According to FIG. 18b, the devices for the protection against torsion are constructed as a spring dowel pin or spring dowel sleeve 241.
According to FIGS. 18e, f and g, the essentially spherical bearing elements 56, 178 and their receiving devices 235, 236 have mutually corresponding torsion-proof geometrical shapes as a device for protecting against torsion on their mutually facing sides, specifically in the manner of mutually corresponding, mutually engaging indentation 242 and projections 243, which have a conical (concave/convex; see FIGS. 18c and d) or ball-socket-shaped or section-shaped (see FIG. 18e) construction.
The different geometrical shapes may be achieved, for example, by a grinding-off of commercially available bearing balls.
In addition to the strippers, FIG. 19a illustrates position-fixing, mutually corresponding projections 244 and recesses between the bearing balls and the bearing shells, the bearing shell recesses being constructed as shaped-out sections 245 which, on their side facing away from the bearing balls, in turn, engage in corresponding recesses 246 in the corresponding structural member—here, in the rotary lever—, so that a fixing of positions is also achieved between the bearing shells 170, 172 and the rotary lever.
According to FIG. 19b, a cylindrical extension 247 is constructed on the bearing shell, which cylindrical extension 247 engages in the corresponding structural member—here, the rotary lever 19—and is used for fixing the position and as a grease reservoir.
According to FIG. 19b, bores 248 for the passage of grease are provided in the bearing shell, for an improved lubrication, which bores 248 lead into the grease receiving grooves 249 in the corresponding component—here, the rotary lever 19—.
FIG. 20a—show disk brakes analogous to FIG. 1 in a detailed representation.
Thus, the brake disk of FIG. 20a again has a fixed caliper or a caliper 1 which can be fixedly or stationarily fixed on the axle, so that application devices 13, 15 are provided on both sides of the brake disk for the application (and release) of the brake pads 5, 7 in the direction of the brake disk 3, which application devices 13, 15, in turn, in each case, have at least one of the adjusting rotary devices with one adjusting sleeve 21, 27 respectively, in which one of the thrust pieces 23, 29 is in each case screwably arranged. The two rotary levers 19, 25 are mutually coupled by way of the coupling mechanism in the form of the bolt 31.
The—pneumatically actuated—brake cylinder 274 and the piston rod 276, which acts upon the rotary lever and which is linked to the upper end of the rotary lever 19, are easily recognizable. The pneumatic actuating devices preferably has a compact construction; an electromechanical actuation would also be conceivable.
In contrast, according to FIGS. 20b, d and f, the caliper has an application device 13 in each case only on one side of the brake disk 1, the generating of the reaction power taking place on the side of the brake facing away from the actuating device by a sliding or swivelling of the caliper 1 and/or the sliding of the brake disk 3. The wear adjustment on the reaction side is in each case implemented by an adjusting device, such as an adjusting module, integrated in the caliper on the reaction side.
The sliding or swivelling travel to be carried out by the caliper 1 and/or the brake disk 3 is limited to the power stroke required for the application of the reaction fore, which power stroke amounts to only a fraction of the wearing stroke.
According to FIG. 20b, adjusting devices are arranged on both sides of the disk brake, which adjusting devices again have the mutually screwed-together and therefore also mutually axially adjustable adjusting sleeves 21, 27 and thrust pieces 23, 29, as well as preferably also separate adjuster drives on both sides of the brake disk 3. The brake disk 3 is constructed as a sliding disk, for the purpose of which the brake disk is preferably provided with a toothing in the area of its hub, which Has a sliding travel limited to the power stroke.
Like FIG. 1c, FIG. 20c shows the state of the art of a sliding caliper where the caliper is constructed as a sliding caliper with a caliper bearing which is slidable along the path of the power stroke relative to the brake disk or to the wheel axle 9 or the brake anchor plate (not shown here) normally provided in the case of sliding caliper disk brakes. In this case, the bearing bush 254 is designed for bridging a sliding path S which essentially corresponds to the amount of the maximal brake pad wear (here also marked “S”).
According to FIG. 20d, the caliper 1 is “micro-displaceable” by an amount which is no greater than the working stroke (preferably by the amount of half the working stroke). The disk brake of FIG. 20d comprises separate adjusting devices (elements 21, 23 and 27, 29) on both sides of the brake disk 3, a lower projection 250 being constructed on the caliper 1 and being screwed by means of bolts 252 to the axle flange 11. The bolt(s) penetrate(s) a bearing bush 256 which is screwed into an opening 258 of the projection 250 of the caliper 1 and is designed such that a displaceability of the caliper 1 is achieved relative to the axle flange 11 by the amount of half the working stroke “A/2”.
FIG. 20e shows a so-called hinged caliper disk brake in the case of which the caliper is swivellably by a given angle disposed on the brake anchor plate or an axle part (pivot bearing 35 with the strut connection 37 to the actual hinged caliper 1).
According to FIG. 20e, this swivelling angle α is selected to be so large that the entire wear adjusting path can be bridged when the caliper is swivelled.
In this variant, the basic construction of the application mechanism in the interior of the caliper again corresponds to the application mechanism of FIG. 1c; that is, no adjusting components are provided on the reaction side but the brake pad arranged there is directly or indirectly supported on the caliper, in which case no adjusting possibility exists between the brake pad and the caliper.
In contrast, FIG. 20f shows a disk brake with a swivellable caliper 1 which again has a pivot bearing 39. The “hinged caliper” disposed by way of the strut connection 37 on the pivot bearing, however, can be swivelled only by an angle α which is so large that the brake pads can be swivelled by the path of half the working stroke relative to the brake disk 3. This disk brake also has an application device only on one side of the brake disk 3 but has at least one adjusting device on both sides of the brake disk.
For limiting the movement or limiting the adjusting angle, the caliper 1 is again provided with a lower projection 260 for forming the strut connection 37, which projection 260 is screwed to the axle flange 11 by means of a bolt 252. The bolt penetrates a bearing bush 262 which here is constructed, for example, as a rubber bearing bush with an integrated device for the restoring (cup spring or the like), the rubber bearing bush being designed in such manner that such a swivellability is ensured that the caliper is swivelled in the area of the pads by the amount of half the working stroke “A/2”.
FIGS. 21a and b show another representation of a brake of the type of FIG. 20f, in which case, according to FIG. 21a, the projection 260 can be swivelled about a cylindrical bearing bolt 261 which can be rotated in a recess 11a of the axle flange 11. In addition, FIG. 21a shows that two bearings 29 are provided. The construction of the application system and of the adjusting system corresponds to FIG. 23.
In contrast, according to FIG. 21c, the projection is provided with a spherical or cylindrical bearing projection 278 on its end facing away from the remaining caliper 1, which bearing projection 278 is disposed in a recess 280.
According to FIG. 22d, two bearing bushes 262a, 262b are provided for implementing the swivellability, which bearing bushes 262a, 262b are framed by a rubber ring 282.
The disk brake constructed according to FIGS. 22 to 27 can be mounted as a “micro-sliding disk brake” in the manner of FIGS. 1d and 20d on the axle flange or the brake anchor plate (not shown here). As an alternative, a design as a “micro-swivellable disk brake” according to the type of FIG. 20f would also be conceivable.
The caliper 1 provided with a recess above the brake disk, in the upper peripheral area, reaches in a frame-type manner around the brake disk 3, the brake pads 5, 7, the application device 13 constructed on one side of the brake disk, and the two adjusting devices on both sides of the brake disk 3.
The recess 206 for the adjusting module on the reaction side is easily recognizable in FIG. 23. On its side facing the brake disk, the caliper in each case closed by the mounting or base plate 104. For each adjusting module on each side of the brake disk, one of the electric motors 106 is in each case situated between the two thrust pieces 23a, b; 29a, b and the adjusting sleeves 21a, b; 27a, b, an output shaft 268 provided with an output gearwheel 266 penetrating the mounting plate 102, where, in a constructively simple and cost-effective manner, it meshes with two gearwheels 270, 272 situated opposite one another at the outer circumference of the output shaft, which gearwheels 270, 272, in turn, mesh with the adjusting sleeves 21, 23 toothed on their circumference or having a gearwheel 286. The mounting plate 104 and the mounting preform 102 are provided with shaped-out sections for receiving the thrust pieces 23, 29 and the adjusting sleeves 21, 27.
During the mounting, the rotary lever 19 is first inserted into the caliper, whereupon the two adjusting modules are inserted into the caliper, the mounting plates 104 in each case being screwed together with the caliper.
FIGS. 29 and 30 show advantageous control methods by means of which the disk brake of the invention can be controlled.
However, before these methods are explained, reference should again be made to FIG. 25. It is purely schematically indicated there that the electric motors 106 on both sides of the brake disk, by means of lines 107, are connected with a control device, which lines 107 naturally have to be guided in an appropriate manner, which is not shown here, to the caliper 1 and there, from one side of the brake disk 3 to the other. This control device may, for example, be an EBS control computer or other computer with a memory, which is loaded with a suitable control program. Algorithms for such a program are illustrated in FIGS. 29 and 30 and are indicated in the claims concerning the control method.
Thus, among others, the following possibilities are obtained by means of the adjusting rotary drives on both sides of the disk brake:

    
    
        For cleaning (cleaning function, moisture, thawing salt, dirt);
        for the individual release play adjustment on both sides of the brake disk;
        for the active restoring of the brake disk after a brake operation;
        for securing of the slidability of the brake disk by a back-and-forth sliding of the brake disk along its entire displacing range in unbraked driving in order to keep the displacing path free of dirt, corrosion, etc. and examine the displaceability of the brake.
    
    


A cleaning function can be implemented in that the brake pads 5, 7 are brought into a slightly grinding contact with the brake disk 3 by means of the electric wear adjusting system periodically or under certain conditions continuously during unbraked driving.
Advantageously, the contacting and cleaning operation is not carried out on both friction surfaces of the brake disk simultaneously because the occurring heating results in a thermal expansion of the brake disk 3 and the brake pads 5, 7 and, as a result, a deforming of the brake may occur possibly with the result of its running hot.
This applies particularly when a braking is initiated during the cleaning operation. The cleaning operation is carried out such that the adjusting rotary device on one side of the brake disk is moved in the sense of a release play reduction in the direction of the brake disk, while the opposite adjusting rotary device is moved in the sense of a release play enlargement away from the brake disk. After the defined displacement has been achieved, the operation is reversed into the opposite direction.
FIG. 29 shows a corresponding routine for ensuring the displaceability of the brake and for implementing a cleaning function. The side to be adjusted in each case carries out the cleaning effect; for example, after the start of the vehicle or after a service activation.
After the start of the routine, it is first examined—for example, by the driver or automatically because of a service activation—whether a brake release signal by a data bus, such as a CAN bus, is present at a control unit (Program Step PS1).
If this is the case, that is, the brake is released, the waiting time since the last cleaning operation is compared with a limit value TW in a next Program Step PS2.
If the waiting time was exceeded, the rotational speed is determined in a Program Step PS3 and is stored in a memory area SNC.
If the value in the memory area SNC is lower than a limit value NCmin (Program Step PS4) so that there is a falling below a limit speed (for example, 10 km per hour), the electric motor on the outside is first controlled for rotating the adjusting rotary devices or their spindles in the direction of an enlargement of the release play (Program Step PS5), and then the interior electric motor is controlled for rotating the adjusting rotary devices in the direction of a reduction of the release play (Program Step PS5).
If now the decoding pulses on the motor on the outside and on the motor on the inside reach a defined value K (Program Step PS7), a controlling of the outside (FIG. 25, right-hand side) electric motor 106 takes place for rotating the adjusting rotary devices in the direction of a reduction of the release play (Program Step PS8) as well as another controlling of the electric motor 7 for rotating the adjusting rotary devices in the direction of an enlargement of the release play (Program Step PS9), which, in turn, displaces the brake disk.
If here also the defined number of K decoding pulses was reached (Program Step PS 10), it is also examined whether an off-road key is still switched; that is, whether the cleaning function was still activated by the driver (Program Step PS11). If this is not so, the routine is stopped; otherwise, the program returns to Program Step PS3; that is, to checking the speed of the vehicle.
Correspondingly, by means of the method of the invention, an advantageous adjustment of the braking system can be implemented under the effect of moisture and thawing salt. In this case, a periodic application of the brake pads can be carried out at certain time intervals in order to keep the brake disk free of the effects of moisture and thawing salt. This measure has the purpose of avoiding a decrease of the effect of the brakes as a result of a reduction of the coefficient of friction.
In the event of the effect of dirt, particularly in off-road and construction site operations, the cleaning function will be triggered by the driver by operating a switch or automatically at driving speeds below a defined limit value, for example, 10 km/h, or by a combination of both measures (triggered by the driver but activated only below, for example, 10 km/h). In this case, the brake is to be operated continuously in a slightly grinding manner at low driving speeds or when highly stressed by dirt—for example, when digging in sand. This function has the purpose of keeping the friction surfaces of brake pads 5, 7 and the brake disk 3 free of very wear-increasing abrasive dirt.
For the active restoring of the brake disk 3 after a brake operation, the brake disk is moved back into its starting position, if the latter is designed to be slidable, in order to again carry out the full working stroke during the next brake operation. For this purpose, advantageously, for example, a stop may be provided on the receiving profile of the wheel hub toward the interior side of the vehicle or toward that side of the brake on which the brake lever/rotary lever is arranged which is to be operated. After the releasing of the brake, the brake disk 3 is displaced by the adjusting rotary device situated on the outside by a defined amount in the direction against this stop, in which case the adjusting rotary device situated on the inside will yield correspondingly.
A corresponding function is illustrated in FIG. 30.
After the start of the routine for the active restoring of the brake disk 3, it is checked in a Program Step PZ1 whether a brake release signal is present in the CAN bus.
Then the outside electric motor 106—in FIG. 25, the right-hand or lower electric motor—is controlled in a Program Step PZ2 in order to control the adjusting spindles by f decoding pulses in the direction of a reduction of the release play.
Then or during that time, the inside electric motor 106, or the electric motor 106 situated on the side of the application device is controlled in a Program Step PZ3 and the adjusting spindles are to be controlled by f decoding pulses in the direction of an enlargement of the release play.
As soon as the limit value f is present (Program Step PZ4), the outside electric motor A is controlled for rotating the adjusting spindles in the release play enlarging direction by f decoding pulses (Program Step PZ5) and the inside electric motor is controlled for rotating the adjusting spindles in a release play reducing direction also by f decoding pulses (Program Step P6) (PZ6?).
As soon as the limit value f has beer reached at both electric motors (Program Step P7 (PZ7?), the routine is stopped.
By means of the invention, it is also possible to monitor the slidability of the brake disk. For monitoring the free movement of the brake disk in its hub receiving profile and for ensuring the free movement, the brake disk is periodically slid back and forth along its entire sliding path while the vehicle wheel is rotating. This displacing may take place once or several times sequentially. For this purpose, the adjusting devices situated on the inside and on the outside are correspondingly controlled in opposite directions. As a result of the frequent displacement while the vehicle wheel is rotating, the receiving profile is kept free of dirt and corrosion. Simultaneously, by way of a possibly changed electric power consumption of the adjusting motors, a starting sluggishness can be detected in time and a warning indication can be generated by the electronic adjuster control system. It may be advantageous to use this checking routine in combination with the cleaning function (see FIG. 29).
For determining the total brake pad wear, an analysis of the decoder signals of the electric drives of the adjusting system may take place. By means of an adding-up of the decoder pulses by the control unit, the rotating angle of the adjusting spindles is detected and is converted to a wear information and/or is used for the purpose of the wear indication or also in the axle-related wear compensation control. The total brake pad wear is therefore determined/detected by the control unit in that the adjusting movements are added up. This information can be indicated to the driver, for example, after a total value is exceeded.
REFERENCE NUMBERS


    caliper 1
    brake disk 3
    brake pads 5, 7
    brake anchor plate 5a, 7a 
    pad material 5b, 7b 
    bolt 9
    axle flange 11
    recess 11a 
    application devices 13, 15
    opening 17
    rotary lever 19
    adjusting sleeve 21
    thrust piece 23
    rotary lever 25
    adjusting sleeve 27
    thrust piece 29
    pivot bearing 35
    strut connection 37
    pivot bearing 39
    adjuster module 50
    output gearwheel 52
    free-wheel and/or overload coupling device 53
    synchronization chain 54
    bearing balls 56a, b 
    gearwheels 58a, b, 60a, b 
    shafts 59a, b 
    cylindrical worms 62a, b 
    gearwheels 64a, b; 66a, b 
    synchronization chains 68, 70
    bowden cable 72
    cable channel 74
    sealing stopper 76
    driving device 82
    shift fork 84
    shaft 86
    adjuster module 100
    mounting plates 102, 104
    electric motor 106
    line 107
    gear 108
    bores 110
    mounting metal sheet 114
    spacers, bends 116, 118
    gearwheels 117a, b 
    output gearwheel 120
    gearwheel 122
    shaft 124
    cylindrical worms 126a, b 
    gearwheels 128a, 128b 
    shafts 130a, 130b 
    gearwheels 132a, 132b 
    recess 150
    triangular section 152
    recesses 154, 156
    traverse-type section 158
    recesses 160a, b, 162a, b 
    and 164, 165
    slide bearing shells 170a, b, 172a, b 
    components 174a, b 
    recesses 176, 177
    spherical ends or balls 178a, b 
    intermediate pieces 180
    recess 200
    indentations 200a, 200b 
    bores 204
    recess 206
    driving device 220
    oblong hole 222
    toothed rack profile 224
    gearwheels 226, 228
    shaft 230
    cylindrical worms 232, 234
    receiving devices 235, 236
    flattenings 237, 238
    stripper 239
    seat 240
    spring dowel sleeve 241
    indentations 242
    projections 243
    projections 244
    shaped-out sections 245
    recesses 246
    extension 247
    bores 248
    grease receiving grooves 249
    projection 250
    bolt 252
    bearing bush 254
    bearing bush 256
    opening 258
    projection 260
    bearing bolt 261
    bearing bush 262
    output gearwheel 266
    output shaft 268
    gearwheels 270, 272
    brake cylinder 274
    piston rod 276
    bearing projection 278
    recess 280
    rubber ring 282
    gearwheel 286
    elastic area 290
    elastic element 292
    projection 294
    bolt 296
    seals 298, 299
    sliding paths s, A/2
    program steps ps, pz

## Claims

1. A pneumatic or electric disk brake for a commercial vehicle, comprising:
a) a caliper which, in use, straddles a brake disk;
b) a pneumatically or electrically actuated brake application device arranged in the caliper on one side of the brake disk; and
c) a wear adjusting system arranged in the caliper for compensating brake pad and/or brake disk wear by adjusting a distance between the brake pad and the brake disk,
wherein the wear adjusting system has at least one or more adjusting devices arranged on each side of the brake disk, when in use, so that an axial distance between a respective brake pad and the brake disk, on each side of the brake disk, is adjustable both toward and away from the brake disk.

2. Disk brake according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting devices are driven by at least one electric motor.

3. Disk brake according to claim 2, wherein at least one adjusting device on one side of the brake disk is driven by an electric motor separate from an electric motor driving at least one adjusting device on the other side of the brake disk.

4. Disk brake according to claim 3, wherein the separate electric motors are operable separately, such that the at least one adjusting device on one side of the brake disc is drivable separately from the at least one adjusting device on the other side of the brake disk.

5. Disk brake according to claim 4, wherein the separate electric motors are located on the same side of the brake disk.

6. Disk brake according to claim 1, wherein the caliper is fastened by one or more bolts directly to an axle flange or a brake anchor plate.

7. Disk brake according to claim 1, wherein a reaction power generation takes place on a side of the brake disk facing away from the brake application device side by at least one of:
a) sliding the caliper;
b) swiveling of the caliper; and
c) sliding of the brake disk;
wherein the sliding and/or swiveling movement is limited essentially to a power stroke.

8. Disk brake according to claim 1, wherein a reaction power generation takes place on a side of the brake disk facing away from the brake application device side by an elastic deforming of at least one of:
a) the caliper;
b) the brake disk; and
c) an element arranged between the caliper and the axle flange.

9. Disk brake according to claim 1, wherein the brake disk is constructed as a sliding disk, which is slidably guided on a brake disk hub such that, as a result of the sliding, a sliding path can be implemented which is essentially limited to a power stroke.

10. Disk brake according to claim 1, wherein the caliper is constructed as a sliding caliper having a sliding caliper bearing, the sliding caliper bearing being fastened directly to the axle flange and being dimensioned such that a bridgeable sliding path is limited to a power stroke.

11. Disk brake according to claim 1, wherein the caliper is constructed as a hinged caliper having a swivelling caliper bearing, the swivelling caliper bearing being fastenable at a bearing point and, by which, a swivelling angle is bridgeable which displaces the caliper relative to the brake disk essentially by a power stroke.

12. Disk brake according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting devices each have at least one adjusting sleeve and a thrust piece screwable into the adjusting sleeve.

13. Disk brake according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting devices each have at least one thrust piece having a sleeve-type projection which is screwed onto a bolt.

14. Method for controlling a wear adjusting system of a pneumatically- or electrically-actuated disk brake for a commercial vehicle having adjusting devices, the method comprising the steps of:
arranging at least one adjusting device on each side of a brake disk; and
individually controlling the adjusting device on both sides of the brake disk both toward and away from the brake disk.

15. Method according to claim 14, wherein, using at least one of the adjusting devices, an active displacing of the brake disk takes place which is displace ably guided on an axle of the vehicle.

16. Method according to claim 15, wherein the displacing of the brake disk on the axle is repeated at defined time intervals for ensuring the displaceability of the brake disk on the axle.

17. Method according to claim 16, wherein, using the at least one adjusting device, an active restoring of the brake disk displaceably guided on the axle takes place after a braking.

18. Method according to claim 17, wherein, using the at least one adjusting device, a cleaning of the brake pads and/or of the brake disk takes place, particularly in the case of an off-road use.

19. Method according to claim 14, wherein, using the adjusting devices, the brake pads are pressed against the brake disk for cleaning the brake pads and/or the brake disk.

20. Method according to claim 19, wherein the cleaning takes place as a function of a sensing of outside conditions, such as rain or dirt, or as a function of an activating of the cleaning by the driver.

21. Method according to claim 19, wherein the cleaning is repeated at defined time intervals.

22. Method according to claim 14, wherein the adjusting devices are connected with a control device for driving the adjusting devices.

23. Method according to claim 22, wherein the control device is designed for connecting a sensor and/or for another determination of the release play of the disk brake.

24. Method according to claim 22, wherein the control device is designed for differentiating between an applied and a released condition of the disk brake.

25. Method according to claim 14, further comprising the act of individually adjusting the release play on both sides of the brake disk via the adjusting devices on both sides of the brake disk.

26. Method according to claim 25, wherein, in the event of a non-uniform brake pad wear, the release play on both sides of the brake disk is adjusted in a non-uniform manner via the adjusting devices on both sides of the brake disk in order to compensate the non-uniform wear during brakings which follow.

27. Method according to claim 14, wherein, in the event of a non-uniform brake pad wear, the release play on both sides of the brake disk is adjusted in a non-uniform manner via the adjusting devices on both sides of the brake disk in order to compensate the non-uniform wear during brakings which follow.

28. Method according to claim 14, wherein, for displacing a displaceable brake disk, a control device controls the adjusting devices on both sides of the brake disk, in that:
the at least one adjusting device on one side of the brake disk is moved in the direction of the brake disk and the at least one adjusting device on the opposite side of the brake disk is moved in the opposite direction in order to displace the brake disk in this manner on the wheel axle.

29. Method according to claim 14, wherein, for displacing a displaceable brake disk, a control device controls the adjusting devices on both sides of the brake disk, in that:
the at least one adjusting device on one side of the brake disk is moved in the direction of the brake disk and the at least one adjusting device on the opposite of the brake disk is moved in the opposite direction in order to displace the brake disk in this manner on the wheel axle in a first direction, and
whereby the moving direction of the adjusting devices on both sides of the brake disk is reversed so that the brake disk is slid back in the opposite direction.

30. Method according to claim 14, wherein adjusting movements carried out by the adjusting devices are determined/detected and added up by a control unit and are converted to a brake pad wear information.

31. Method according to claim 14, wherein, using the adjusting devices, the brake pads are pressed against the brake disk in a slightly grinding manner for cleaning the brake pads and/or the brake disk.

32. Method according to claim 14, wherein the adjusting devices are electric-motor driven adjusting devices.