## COURT OF APPEALS SECOND DISTRICTOFTEXAS FORT WORTH
NO. 2- 08 - 30 1- CV
I N R E R ADF OR D R . P ANN E L L R E L AT OR

----- ----- -- OR I GI NALP R OCE E DI NG

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### OP I NI ON

----- ----- -- T h i s i s a n o ri g i n a l p ro c e e d i n g i n w h i c h re l a to r R a d fo rd R . P a n n e l l

— a p ro se i nm at e i ncar cer at ed i n t he T exas D epar t m ent ofC r i m i nal Just i ce- I nst i t ut i onal D i vi si on ( “t he D epa r t m ent ”)

— cha l l eng es t he t r i al co ur t ’ s or der s r equ i r i ng t he D e p a rtm e n t to w i th d ra w fu n d s fro m h i s i n m a te tru s t a c c o u n t to p a y fo r c o u rt
c o sts th a t h e w a s o rde red to p a y a s a res u l t o f h i s c o n v i c ti o n s. A c c o rding to P a n n e ll, t h e t r ia l c o u r tv io la t e d h is d u e p r o c e s s rig h t s b y r e n d e r in g t h e o r d e rin
ac cor dan ce w i t h T e x a s G ove r nm entCode s ec t i on 501. 014 ( e) w i t houtgi vi ng hi m pr i ornot i ce an d a n opp or t uni t y t o be hear d. The cou r thas consi der ed2

r e la t o r ’s p e t it io n f o rw r it o fm a n d a m u s a n d is o ft h e o p in io n t h a tre lie fs h o u ld be den i ed. Accor di ngl y, r el at or ’ s pet i t i on f orw r i tofm and am us i s den i ed. Back gr ound O n M ar ch 2 8 , 2 008 , Pan nel l w as co nvi ct ed ofm ul t i pl e f el oni es an d
se nt enc ed t o s er ve f i ve con cur r entf i f t ee n -y e a r s ent enc es . Ea ch oft he f i ve j u d g m e n t s a w a r d e d c o u r tc o s t s o f$ 2 7 6 .0 0 . W h ile s e r v in g h is s e n t e n c e s in p ri so n , P a n n e l l o p e n e d an i n m a te trus t a c c o u n t pro v i d e d b ythe D e p a rt m e n t. O n Apr i l 9, 2008 , t he t ri a l c o u rt e nt er ed t hr ee expa r t e i nm at e t r us tf und
w i t hdr aw al or der s, an d on A pr i l 15, 200 8, t he t r i al co ur ten t er ed or der s on t he t w o r em ai ni ng j udgm ent s. Ea ch or der i ndi ca t ed t hatco ur tco st s i n t he am ount of$276 . 00 w as due f ori t s cor r es pondi ng j udgm ent and s pec i f i ed a f or m ul a f or det er m i ni ng t he am oun tofeach per i odi c w i t hdr aw al f r om Pann el l ’ s i nm at e t r ust
a c c o u n t . E a c h o r d e ra ls o s p e c if ie d t h a tt h e w it h d r a w a ls w o u ld c o n t in u e u n t il t he t ot al am oun tof cour t cost s i n each r espect i ve case w as pai d. Each or der f ur t herspeci f i ed t hat , “[ o] n r ecei ptofa copy oft h is O r der , t he I nm at e Tr ust F u n d S u p e r v is o rs h a ll w it h d r a w m o n e yf r o m t h e a c c o u n to ft h e in m a t e , h o ld
s a me i n a s e p a r a t e a c c o u n t , a n d f o r wa r d s a i d mo n e y t o t h e D i s t r i c t Cl er k o f T a rra n t C o u n ty .” The t r i al co ur t ’ s w i t hdr aw al or der s al l i ndi ca t e thatt heyar e b as ed on Texa s G ove r nm ent C ode se ct i on 501. 014 ( f ) ( 5) , w hi ch al l ow s t he D epa r t m ent3

t o w i t hdr aw f r om an i nm at e’ s t r ustaccount any am oun tt he i nm at e i s or der ed to p a yb yo rde r of the co u rt , “a s d i rec ted b yco u rto rde r i n ac c o rda n c e w i th S ubsect i on ( e) . ” S eeTex. G ov’ tCode Ann. § 501. 014 ( e) , ( f ) ( 5) ( V er non 2 0 04 ) . Sub sect i on ( e) di r ect s t he w i t hdr aw al off und s f r om an i nm at e t r ust
a c c o u n tb yt h e D e p a r t m e n t u p o n “ n o t if ic a t io n b ya c o u r t ” in s a t is f a c t io n o fs ix di f f er ent ki nds ofde bt s, i ncl udi ng pa ym entofco ur tf ee s and co st s, i n or derof p ri o ri ty . S e eid . § 5 01 . 01 4( e) . The r ecor d bef or e us est abl i shes t hateach
w i t hdr aw al or derdi r ec t ed t he w i t hdr aw al of f unds f r om Pan nel l ’ s t r us tac cou nt t o pa y t he cou r tf ee s and cos t s as so ci at ed w i t h ea ch r es pec t i ve con vi ct i on, an d t he t ot al am oun to f cou r tf ees and cost s f oreach case w as speci f i ed i n each
c o rr e sp o n d i n g j u d g m e n t. O n orab outM ay 14, 2008 , Pan nel l r ec ei ved a cop y oft he c o u rt’s
w i t hdr aw al or der s i n t he m ai l . The r ec or d r ef l ec t s t hat t he f i r st w i t hdr aw al f r om h is t r u s t a c c o u n t o c c u r r e d o n J u n e 1 7 , 2 0 0 8 . H e t h e n f ile d h is p e t it io n f o rw r it ofm andam us. I n hi s pet i t i on, Pann el l , act i ng pr o se, com pl ai ns t hathe w as notaf f or ded pr ocedu r al due pr ocess pr i ort o t he S t at e’ s w ith d r aw al oft he f und s. Speci f i ca l l y, he ar gue s t hathe w as en t i t l ed t o n o ti c e a nd t hathe “ di d not
r ec ei v e a n y no t i ce ofan y k i nd b e fo rehi s r ecei ptoft he abov e m ent i oned

‘ w i t hdr aw al or der s, ’ nor any not i ce af t er . ” ( em pha si s add ed) . Pa nne l l doe s not1 ... T h e T e x a s S u p r e m e C o u r t is c u r r e n t lyc o n s id e r in g t h e s a m e is s u e s in

a d i r ec tci vi l ap pea l i n Ha rrel l v. S tate , No. 07- 0806 ( Te x. , f i l e d O c t . 1, 2007 ) (a rg u e d o n N o v . 1 3 , 2 0 0 8 ). 4 i ndi cat e how orw hy er r orexi st s exceptt o ar g u e t hatt he S t at e w as r equi r ed t o f o llo w t h e g a r n is h m e n tp r o c e d u r e s s e tf o r t h i n t h e T e x a s R u le s o fC iv il Pr ocedu r e pr i ort o w i t hdr aw i ng t he f und s f r om hi s i nm at e t r ustaccount, w hi ch i tf ai l ed t o do. Pa nne l l co n te n d s thi s f ai l ur e t o f ol l ow t he gar ni sh m ent pr oce dur es r es ul t ed i n a vi ol at i on ofhi s due pr oce ss r i ght s a s se tf or t h i n t he U n i te d S ta te s C o n s ti tu ti o n a n d th e T e x a s C o d e o f C ri m i n a l P ro c e d u re . S eeU. S. C o n s t. am end X I V ; Tex. Code Cr i m . Pr oc. A nn. art . 1. 04 ( V er non 200 5 ). P a n n e l l a s k s th i s C o u rt to e n te r a n o r d e r v a c a ti n g th e fi v e w i th d ra w a l o rd e rs because of t he l ack of due pr ocess and asks us t o or der any m oney r em oved fr o m h i s trus t ac c o u n t be retu rne d to th a t ac c o u n t. Jur i sd i ct i on T h e c o u r t o f c r i mi n a l a p p e a l s h a s r e c e n t l y h e l d c o mp l a i n t s such as Pann el l ’ s do noti nvol ve a cr i m i nal m at t er ; t her ef or e, w e m ay not addr ess s uch i s s u e s i n a d i re c t a p p e a l fro m a c ri m i n a l c o n v i c ti o n . See Johns on v. Tenth Ju d. D i st. C t. of

A pp. a t W

aco , N o. A P- 758 98, 2008 W L 472410 4, at*6 ( Tex. C ri m . A p p . O c t. 2 9 , 2 0 0 8 ). A ccor di ngl y, w e m ustdeci de w het hert hi s i s an 1 appeal abl e ci vi l pr oceedi ng orw het herm andam us i s appr opr i at e.5 S t andar d ofRev i ew M andam us r el i efi s pr operonl y t o cor r ecta cl earabuse ofdi scr et i on w hen th e re i s n o a d e q u a te re m e d yb ya p p e a l . I n rePru den ti

a l I n s . Co . o f

Am. , 148 S .W .3 d 1 2 4 , 1 3 5

– 3 6 (T e x . 2 0 0 4 ) (o r ig . p r o c e e d in g ). M a n d a m u s t h e r e f o r e w ill not i ss ue unl es s Pann el l l ac ks an ade qua t e r em edy by app ea l a b s ent
e x tra o rd i n a ry c i rc u m s ta n c e s n o t i m p l i c a te d h e re . I n re V an W ater s & Ro gers, I nc. , 145 S . W . 3d 203, 210– 11 ( Tex. 2004 ) ( ci t i n g W al ker v. Packer, 827 S .W .2 d 8 3 3 , 8 3 9 (T e x . 1 9 9 2 )) . D e term i n i n g w h e th e r an ap p e a l i s a n ad e q u a te
r em edy r equi r es t he car ef ul bal anci ng of j ur i spr uden t ia l c o nsi der at i ons. Prudenti

al I ns . Co. , 1 4 8 S .W .3 d a t 1 3 5

– 3 6 . A n ap p e l l a te rem e d yi s a d e q u a te
w h e n a n y b e n e fi ts to m a n d a m u s re v i e w a re o u tw e i g h e d b yth e d e tri m e n ts . Id. W hen t he benefi t s out w ei gh t he det r i m ent s, w e m ustcondu ctf ur t heranal ysi s. Id . W het heran ap pel l at e r em edyi s a d e q u a te s o a s t o pr ec l ude m and am us re v i e w d e p e n d s h e a v i l yo n th e c i rc u m s ta n c e s p re s e n te d . Id . at13 7. A n appeal i s i nad equ at e f orm and am us pur po se s w hen pa r t i es ar e i n da nge rof p e r m a n e n t lylo s in g s u b s t a n t ia l rig h t s , s u c h a s w h e n t h e a p p e lla t e c o u r tw o u ld
n o t b e abl e t o c ur e t he er r or , t he part y’ s abi l i t y t o pr es enta vi abl e c l ai m or def ens e i s v i ti a te d, ort he er r orca nnotbe m ade pa r toft he app el l at e r ec or d. V a n W a te rs& Ro g ers , Inc . , 1 4 5 S .W .3 d a t 2 1 0

– 1 1 ; W al ker, 82 7 S . W . 2d at 843–4 4.2 ... The p r oce dur es t o be f ol l ow ed i n e xec ut i ng on a j udgm ent ar e se tout

i n P a rt V I, S e c ti o n 3 o f th e T e x a s R u l e s o f C i v i l P ro c e d u re . S ee Tex. R. Ci v. P. 621–6 56.

3 ... Sp eci f i cal l y, A r t i cl e 43 . 07 pr ovi des, “I n each case ofpecuni ar y f i ne, a n e x e c u ti o n m ay i ss ue f ort he f i ne and co st s. . . . The exe cut i on s hal l be c o l l e c ted an d retu rne d as in c iv i l ac ti o n s.” T e x . C o d e C ri m . P roc . A n n . a rt . 43. 07. 6 A dequ at e Rem edy by A ppeal T h e w i th d raw a l o rde rs i ss u e d b ythe tr i a l co u rtall o w the D e p a rt m e n t t o
w i t hdr aw m o n e y fr om Pan nel l ’ s t r us tac cou ntf orpa ym entt o t he Tar r ant C o u n tyd i s tri c t c l e rkfo r th e a m o u n ts s p e c i fi e d b y th e c o u rt o rd e rs . S eeTex. G o v ’t C o d e A n n . § 5 0 1 .0 1 4 (e ), (f )( 5 ). W e n o t e t h a t e a c h w it h d r a w a l o r d e ris
s i m i l a r to th e e x e c u ti o n o f a p o s t-j u d g m e n t o rd e r. S eeTex. R. Ci v. P. 2 6 2 1

– 6 5 6 . T h e C o d e o f C ri m in a l P roc e d u re s p e c i fi c a l l ysta tes tha t co sts
as se ss ed i n c r i m i nal j udgm ent s, su ch as i n t hi s ca se , m ay be col l ec t ed t hr ough
a c i vi l exe cut i on pr oce ss . Tex. C ode Cr i m . Pr oc. A nn. art . 43. 07 ( V er non Supp . 2 0 0 8 ); John so n , 2 0 0 8 W L 4 7 2 4 1 0 4 , a t * 4 ; R eed v. State, 269 S. W . 3d 619, 6 2 3 (T e x . A p p .— S a n A n to n i o 2 0 0 8 , n o p e t.). M or eov er , i n John so n , th e c o u rt 3
o f c r im in a l a p p e a ls h e ld t h a to r d e r s is s u e d u n d e rs e c t io n 5 0 1 .0 1 4 (e ) a r e c iv il in n a t u r e a n d , t h u s , d ir e c t lya p p e a la b le t o t h e in t e r m e d ia t e c o u r t s o fa p p e a l. John so n , 2008 W L4724 104, a t*5–6 .4 ... Pann el l r ecei ved t hr ee A pr i l 9, 20 08 or der s t hi r t y- si x days af t ert hey

w e re s i g n e d a n d tw o A p ri l 1 5 , 2 0 0 8 o rd e rs tw e n ty -n i n e d a y s a fte r th e yw e re si gne d. 7 I n ci vi l act i ons, a post -j udg m entor dert hatdi sposes ofal l m at t er s pl aced b e fo re th e tri a l c o u rt i s a fi n a l a n d a p p e a l a b l e o rd e r. S e e Al len v. A l

len , 717 S .W .2 d 3 1 1 , 3 1 3 (T e x . 1 9 8 6 ); C ookv. Stal lcup , 170 S. W . 3d 916 , 920 ( Tex. A p p . — D al l as 2005 , no p et . ) ( st at i ng t hatpos t -j udgm entor der s enf or ci ng t he t r i al cour t ’ s j udg m entar e appeal abl e or de rs ). C onsequ ent l y, t he w i t hdr aw al
o rd e rs a re fi n a l a p p e a l a b l e o rd e rs . N e x t w e tu rn to th e l e g a l re m e d i e s th a t w e re a v a ila b le t o P a n n e ll. Pann el l ha d t hr ee ad equ at e l ega l r em edi es av ai l abl e, none of w h i c h he
u ti l i z e d : (1 ) d i re c t a p p e a l ; (2 ) re s tri c te d a p p e a l ; a n d (3 ) b i l l o f re v i e w . S ee Tex. R . A p p . P . 2 5 .1 , 3 0 ; T e x . R . C i v . P . 3 0 6 a , 3 2 9 b (f); Ross v. Nat ’ l C tr. f or the Employm entof

the D i sabled, 1 9 7 S .W .3 d 7 9 5 , 7 9 7 (T e x . 2 0 0 6 ); Caldw el l v. Barnes , 1 5 4 S .W .3 d 9 3 , 9 6

– 9 7 (T e x . 2 0 0 4 ); A lexa nder v. Lynda ’

s Bouti que , 1 3 4 S .W .3 d 8 4 5 , 8 4 8 (T e x . 2 0 0 4 ); Eth ere d g ev. Hi dden V a l le yA i rp a rkA s s ’n , 1 6 9 S .W .3 d 3 7 8 , 3 8 0

– 8 1 (T e x . A p p .— F o rt W o rth 2 0 0 5 , p e t. d e n i e d ); Clopton
v. Pak , 6 6 S .W .3 d 5 1 3 , 5 1 5 (T e x . A p p .— F o rt W o rth 2 0 0 1 , p e t. d e n i e d ). Pa nn e l l r e c e i ve d no t i c e o ft he f i ve w i t hd r a w a l or de r s o n ora bo utM a y 14, 2008. T h e p o s tj u d g m e n t ti m e ta b l e s , i n c l u d i n g th e p e ri o d o f th e tri a l c o u rt’s

48

p l e n a ryp o w e r to g ra n t a n e w tri a l , o r t o v a c a te , m o d i fy , c o rre c t o r re fo rm a j udgm entoror deran d f orf i l i ng i n t he t r i al cou r t var i ous doc um ent s i ncl udi ng,
m ot i ons f ornew t r i al , m ot i ons to m o d ify j udg m ent , and m ot i ons t o vacat e a j u d g m e n t ty p i c a l l y b e g i n o n th e d a te th a t th e j u d g m e n t o r o rd e r i s s i g n e d . S ee T e x . R . C i v . P . 3 0 6 a (1 ); M em ’l Ho sp . o f G a lve s to n C o un t yv. Gillis , 741 S .W .2 d 3 6 4 , 3 6 5 (T e x . 1 9 8 7 ); Nathan A . W atson C o. v. Employers Mut. Cas. C o. , 2 1 8 S . W . 3 d 7 9 7 , 8 0 0 ( T e x . Ap p . — F o r tW o r t h 2 0 0 7 , n o p e t . ) . T hus, P a n n e l l ’s n o ti c e o f a p p e a l w o u l d h a v e b e e n d u e o n M a y 1 5 , 2 0 0 8 . H o w e v e r, i fa part y a dve r se l y a f f ec t ed by t he j udgm entorot herap pea l abl e o r derdoe s not
r ec ei ve not i ce f ro m th e d i st r i ctcl er k o rac qui r e a ct ual kn ow l edg e o ft he j u d g m e n t o r o rd e r w i th i n tw e n tyd a y s o f th e s i g n i n g o f th e j u d g m e n t o r o rd e r, t he postj udg m entt i m et abl es begi n on t he dat e t hatt he p a r t y ori t s at t or ney
r e c e i v e d n ot i c e o ra c t ua l k no w l e dg e o ft he o r de r , p r ov i de d t ha tt he p a r t y ( 1)
com pl i es w i t h t he sw or n m ot i on, no tic e , and hear i ng r equi r em ent s m andated by Rul e 306a( 5) , an d ( 2) pr ove s t hathe r ec ei ved t he not i ce o f j u d g m e n t or
o rd e r m o re th a n tw e n tyb u t l e s s th a n n i n e ty -o n e d a y s a fte r i t w a s s i g n e d . S ee T e x . R . C i v . P . 3 0 6 a (4 )– (5 ); M em ’l Ho sp . o f Ga lve sto n C o un ty , 74 1 S . W . 2d at 3 6 5 ; NathanA . W

atso n Co. , 21 8 S . W . 3d at80 0. Because Pan nel l r ecei ved not i ce of ea ch of t he f i ve w i t hdr aw al or der s m or e t han t w ent y da ys f r om t he dat e e ac h or der w as si gne d, he cou l d hav e f i l ed a sw or n m ot i on t o e st abl i sh a9

p ri m a f ac i e c as e t hathe l ac ke d t i m el y no t i ce t o i nvok e t he t r i al co urt’s j u ri s d i c ti o n . S ee T e x . R . C i v . P . 3 0 6 a (5 ); C o n t ’l Ca s . C o . v. D a villa , 139 S .W .3 d 3 7 4 , 3 7 9 (T e x . A p p . — F o rt W o rth 2 0 0 4 , p e t. d e n i e d ); Grondon a v. Sut ton , 9 9 1 S .W .2 d 9 0 , 9 1

– 9 2 (T e x . A p p .— A u s ti n 1 9 9 8 , p e t. d e n i e d ). How e ve r , h i s n ot i c e o fa pp e a l w o u l d h a ve t he n be e n du e b y Ju ne 13, 2008 . S eeTex. R. Ci v. P. 306a( 4) –( 5) . Bec aus e Pa nne l l di d notav ai l hi m se l foft he p r o c e d u r e s a f f o r d e d b y r u le 3 0 6 a , h e lo s t h is o p p o rt u n it yt o f ile a d ir e c ta p p e a l. Id . A p a r t y ’s f a ilu r e t o c o m p o r t w it h t h e s e r u le s w h ic h w o u ld h a v e g iv e n h im t he t i m e t o f i l e hi s not i ce of appeal i s not a suf f i ci ent excuse t o j ust i f y i ssuance o f m a n d a m u s . S ee I n re Tex . D ep’tof

Fam i ly & Protective S ervs. , 210 S. W . 3d 6 0 9 , 6 1 4 (T e x . 2 0 0 6 ). It als o a p p e a rs th a t P a n n e l l c o u l d h a v e fi l e d a re s tri c te d a p p e a l . S eeTex. R . A pp. P. 26 . 1( c) , 30 . I n or dert o pur sue a r est r i ct ed appeal , t he par t y m ust dem ons t r at e t he f ol l ow i ng: ( 1) i ni t i at i on of an app ea l w i t hi n s i x m ont hs af t ert he t r i al c o u rt s i gne d t he j udgm entoror der ; ( 2) t he app el l antw as a part y t o t he
su i t ; ( 3) t he app el l antdi d n otpa r t i ci pat e i n t he hea r i ng t hatr es ul t ed i n t he j u d g me n tc o mp l a i n e d o f ; ( 4 ) t h e a p p e l l a n td i d n o tt i me l yf i l e a p o s t -j udgm ent
m ot i on orr equ es t f or f i ndi ngs of f ac t and con cl us i ons of l aw or f i l e a not i ce of app ea l w i t hi n t he t i m e p er m i t t ed by Rul e 26. 1( c) oft he Texa s Rul es of A p p e l l a te P ro c e d u re ; a n d (5 ) e rro r a p p e a rs o n th e fa c e o f th e re c o rd . S eeTex.10

R . A p p . P . 2 6 .1 (c ), 3 0 ; A lexander, 1 3 4 S .W .3 d a t 8 4 8 ; Etheredg e , 169 S. W . 3d
a t 3 8 0

– 8 1 ; Cl

op ton , 6 6 S. W . 3d at51 5. H ow ever , Pann el l di d not f i l e a res tr i c ted a p p e a l w i th i n th e a p p l i c a b l e ti m e p e ri o d an d thu s l o st th e o p p o rt u n i ty to d o s o . S eeT e x . R . A p p . P . 3 0 ; Clopton , 66 S . W . 3d a t515– 16. M or eov er , ba s e d o n Pann el l ’ s ar gum entt hathe w as de pr i ved ofdue pr ocess, he al so coul d have sat i sf i ed t he r equi r em ent s f or f i l i ng a bi l l ofr evi ew . S ee T e x . R . C i v . P . 3 2 9 b (f); Ross , 19 7 S . W . 3d at79 7. A bi l l ofr evi ew r equi r es pr oof oft hr ee el em ent s: ( 1) a m er i t or i ous def ense, ( 2) t hatw as notassert ed du e t o f r a ud , a c c i de nt , o rw r on gf ul a c to fa n op po ne nto ro f f i c i a l m i s t a k e , ( 3)
u n m i x e d w i th a n y fa u l t o r n e g l i g e n c e b y th e m o v a n t. S ee Ross , 197 S . W . 3d
a t 7 9 7 ; Ba k er v. G o ldsm ith , 58 2 S . W . 2d 40 4, 40 6– 07 ( Tex . 19 79 ) . The T exas S u p r e m e C o u r th a s h e ld t h a ta d e f e n d a n tw h o is n o ts e r v e d w it h p r o c e s s is ent i t l ed t o a bi l l of r evi ew w i t houta f ur t hers how i ng, be ca us e t he C ons t i t ut i on di sc har ges t he fi r stel em ent , an d l ac k o fs er vi ce es t abl i sh es t he se con d a nd th i rd . S ee Ross , 1 9 7 S .W .3 d a t 7 9 7 ; Ca ld w ell, 1 5 4 S .W .3 d a t9 6

– 9 7 . P a n n e ll has notf i l ed a bi l l ofr evi ew . T h e o rd e rs i n th i s c a s e a re fi n a l a n d a p p e a l a b l e o rd e rs . S eeT e x . G o v ’t C o d e A n n . § 5 0 1 .0 1 4 (e ), (f) ; R eed, 26 9 S . W . 3d at 62 4. A l t hou gh P annel l had
se ver al ad equ at e a ppe l l at e r em edi es of w hi ch t o a vai l hi m se l fi n c ont es t i ng t he
o r d e r s, he i ns t ea d so ug ht m an da m us r el i ef. M an da m us i s no t av ai l a b le if11

a n o t h e r r e m e d y , t h o u g h it w o u ld h a v e b e e n a d e q u a t e , w a s n o tt i m e ly
e x e rc i s e d . S ee I

n re Tex. D ep’tof

Fa m i ly & Protec tive Servs . , 21 0 S . W . 3d at 614 . Thus , w e c onc l ude an d hol d t hatPan nel l ha d a n a deq uat e l ega l r em edy and i s t her ef or e n oten t i t l ed t o m and am us r el i ef . Pa nne l l ’ s pet i t i on i s den i ed.

T E R R I E L I VI NGS T ON J U S T I C E
PA N EL: L I V I N G STO N , D A U PH I N O T, an d W A LKER, JJ. DEL I VERE D: F e br ua r y 25, 2009