# Patent

## Title
Method and device for operating an internal combustion engine having exhaust-gas recirculation

## Abstract

Provided are a method and device for operating an internal combustion engine having exhaust-gas recirculation, the method and device allowing a diagnosis of an exhaust-gas recirculation cooler during normal operation of the internal combustion engine. In this context, a variable characteristic of the functioning of the exhaust-gas recirculation cooler is monitored. The variable characteristic of the functioning of the cooling device is ascertained as a function of a measured value. The variable characteristic of the functioning of the exhaust-gas recirculation cooler is specified on the basis of an intact exhaust-gas recirculation cooler. The ascertained value of the variable characteristic of the functioning of the exhaust-gas recirculation cooler is compared to the predefined value. An error is detected when the ascertained value of the variable characteristic of the function of cooling device deviates from the specified value.

## Background
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
The present invention relates to a method and a device for operating an internal combustion engine having exhaust-gas recirculation.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION 
Methods and devices for operating an internal combustion engine having exhaust-gas recirculation are well-known. In this context, it is also known that a cooling device can be provided in an exhaust-gas recirculation line for cooling the recirculated exhaust gas. Since the cooling device in the exhaust-gas recirculation line has an effect on the exhaust-gas emissions of the internal combustion engine, the legislature requires, in the case in which the internal combustion engine drives a vehicle, that the cooling function of the cooling device be monitored within the scope of an on-board diagnosis. Above all, the monitoring is necessary in order that the American OBDII limit values for exhaust-gas emissions can be satisfied.
German Patent No. 100 03 060 describes a monitoring function, which evaluates the dynamic response of temperature sensors in the time and frequency ranges on the basis of control actions of an exhaust-gas recirculation valve. In this context, it is problematic that extreme control actions of the exhaust-gas recirculation valve can lead to undesired torque changes and additional pollution from emissions. Since the inertia of the temperature sensors causes the action to last relatively long, during this time complex coordination is necessary between other operating modes, such as NOx-catalyst regeneration, etc., which also act on the exhaust-gas recirculation valve.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
The method and device of the present invention for operating an internal combustion engine having exhaust-gas recirculation have the advantage over the related art that the variable characteristic of the functioning of the cooling device is ascertained as a function of a measured value, that the variable characteristic of the functioning of the cooling device is specified on the basis of an intact cooling device, that the ascertained value of the variable characteristic of the functioning of the cooling device is compared to the specified value, and that an error is detected when the ascertained value of the variable characteristic of the functioning of the cooling device deviates from the specified value. In this manner, the monitoring of the variable characteristic of the functioning of the cooling device may be implemented in a particularly simple and low-cost manner. In addition, extreme control actions of an exhaust-gas recirculation valve are not necessary, and the monitoring may also be implemented during normal operation of the internal combustion engine. Therefore, no special monitoring operating state is necessary for monitoring the variable characteristic of the functioning of the cooling device.
It is particularly advantageous if the error is only detected, when the ascertained value of the variable characteristic of the functioning of the cooling device deviates from the specified value by more than a first, predefined threshold value. In this manner, tolerances present while ascertaining the value of the variable characteristic of the functioning of the cooling device, as well as modeling inaccuracies in the selection of the value of the variable characteristic of the functioning of the cooling device, may be taken into account, so that they are not mistakenly recognized as errors in the functioning of the cooling device.
A further advantage is realized, when the monitoring is only carried out at selected operating points of the internal combustion engine. In this manner, it may be ensured that the result of the monitoring of the functionality of the cooling device is also reliable, when the predefined operating points are selected in a suitable manner. For this purpose, it is useful to select, as specified operating points, operating points of the internal combustion engine having a mass flow rate of recirculated exhaust gas greater than a predefined threshold value. In this case, the effect of the functioning of the cooling device in the exhaust-gas recirculation line is only first noticeable, when the specified threshold value is suitably selected.
It is similarly useful when engine operating points, at which the internal combustion engine is operated at steady-state, are selected as predefined operating points. This prevents the monitoring result from being falsified by a dynamic change in the operating variables of the internal combustion engine.
It is also advantageous, when different error reactions are initiated, depending on whether the ascertained value of the variable characteristic of the functioning of the cooling device deviates from the specified value by more than a second predefined threshold value, or by more than a third predefined threshold value, the second predefined threshold value being selected to be less than the third predefined threshold value. In this manner, a differentiated error reaction may be implemented, which may indicate a possible malfunction early on, i.e. when the second predefined threshold value is exceeded, without this malfunction of the cooling device already being present, and the malfunction of the cooling device is first detected and a corresponding error reaction is first initiated in response to the third predefined threshold value being exceeded. Therefore, the early indication of a possible malfunction may even allow the operator of the internal combustion engine to prevent the malfunction of the cooling device from occurring.
The use of an efficiency of the cooling device as a variable characteristic of the functioning of the cooling device, or the use of a temperature downstream from the cooling device as a variable characteristic of the functioning of the cooling device, is particularly suitable for the monitoring of the functionality of the cooling device.
When the temperature downstream from the cooling device is used as a variable characteristic of the functioning of the cooling device, it is also advantageously possible that, in the case of uninterrupted exhaust-gas recirculation, the temperature downstream from the cooling device may be validated, using a temperature in an air supply, downstream from a compressor or an intercooler.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of an internal combustion engine.
FIG. 2 shows a flow chart to explain the method according to the present invention and the device according to the present invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 designates an internal combustion engine, which propels a vehicle, for example. Internal combustion engine 1 may be, for example, a spark-ignition engine or a diesel engine. In the following, it is exemplarily assumed that internal combustion engine 1 is a diesel engine. It includes a cylinder block 60, which is supplied fresh air via an air supply 15. The flow direction of the fresh air in air supply 15 is indicated in FIG. 1 by arrows. In air supply 15, the fresh air supplied to cylinder block 60 is compressed by a compressor 20. An intercooler 25, which re-cools the fresh air compressed and heated by the compressor, is situated in air supply 15, downstream from compressor 20 in the direction of flow. A throttle valve 55 is situated in air supply 15, downstream from intercooler 25 in the flow direction of the fresh air. An exhaust-gas recirculation line 5 of internal combustion engine 1 opens out into air supply 15, downstream from throttle valve 55 in the direction of flow. The mixture of fresh air and recirculated exhaust gas formed in this manner is then fed to cylinder block 60. Cylinder block 60 is also supplied a mass of fuel mFuel via, for example, direct injection. The combustion of the air-fuel mixture in cylinder block 60 drives a crankshaft 65 at engine speed n. The exhaust gas formed during the combustion of the air-fuel mixture in cylinder block 60 is discharged into an exhaust branch 70 of internal combustion engine 1. In FIG. 1, the flow direction of the exhaust gas in exhaust branch 70 is likewise indicated by arrows. In this context, exhaust-gas recirculation line 5 branches off from exhaust branch 70. A turbine 75 driven by the mass flow of exhaust gas is positioned in exhaust branch 70, downstream from this branch in the direction of flow. Turbine 75 is connected, in turn, to compressor 20 by a shaft 80 and consequently drives compressor 20. In this manner, compressor 20, shaft 80, and turbine 75 form an exhaust-gas turbocharger, whose rotational speed is denoted in FIG. 1 by ncharger. According to FIG. 1, a cooling device 10, which is also referred to below as an exhaust-gas recirculation cooler, is situated in exhaust-gas recirculation line 5. A bypass duct 85, which includes a bypass valve 90, runs around exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10. The direction of flow of exhaust gas in the exhaust-gas recirculation line is indicated by an arrow. In exhaust-gas recirculation line 5, an exhaust-gas recirculation valve 95 is situated downstream from exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 in the flow direction of the exhaust gas.
In FIG. 1, m1 indicates a mass flow rate of air, p1 indicates a pressure, and T1 indicates a temperature in air supply 15 upstream from compressor 20. Additionally in FIG. 1, m21 indicates a mass flow rate of air, p21 indicates a pressure, and T21 indicates a temperature downstream from intercooler 25, upstream from the discharge of exhaust-gas recirculation line 5 into air supply 15, and, according to FIG. 1, upstream from throttle valve 55 as well. Additionally in FIG. 1, m22 denotes a mass flow rate of air and exhaust gas, p22 denotes a pressure, and T22 denotes a temperature in air supply 15, downstream from the mouth of exhaust-gas recirculation line 5. Additionally in FIG. 1, m31 indicates a mass flow rate of exhaust gas and T31 indicates a temperature of the exhaust gas in exhaust branch 70, upstream from the bifurcation of exhaust-gas recirculation line 5. Additionally in FIG. 1, m32 indicates a mass flow rate of exhaust gas and T32 indicates a temperature of the exhaust gas in exhaust branch 70, downstream from the bifurcation of exhaust-gas recirculation line 5. Additionally in FIG. 1, mEGR denotes the total mass flow rate of recirculated exhaust gas in exhaust-gas recirculation line 5, and TEGR denotes a temperature of the recirculated exhaust gas in exhaust-gas recirculation line 5 downstream from exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 and, as shown in FIG. 1, upstream from exhaust-gas recirculation valve 95.
The present invention now provides for the monitoring of the functionality of exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10. The idea is that, on the basis of available measured values, it is determined if the functioning of exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 situated in exhaust-gas recirculation line 5 is so impaired that, e.g. the exhaust-emissions limits defined by the legislature are being exceeded. The reasons for the incorrect functioning of exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 may be, for example, that the heat-transfer coefficient of the pipe system of the cooler has decreased considerably due to soot or carbon-black deposits of the exhaust gas, that the coolant supply is interrupted in the case of water cooling, or that the exhaust gas is not directed through the exhaust-gas recirculation cooler at all, since optional bypass valve 90 in optional bypass duct 85 is stuck in the open position.
A malfunction or even a breakdown of exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 leads to an increase in temperature TEGR downstream from exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 in exhaust-gas recirculation line 5, as well as in temperature T22 after the mixing of the recirculated exhaust gas with the mass flow of fresh air supplied to cylinder block 60, downstream from the discharge of exhaust-gas recirculation line 5 into air supply 15. The monitoring function of the present invention is designed so that a variable characteristic of the functioning of exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 is monitored. In this context, the variable characteristic of the functioning of exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 is ascertained as a function of a measured value. In addition, the variable characteristic of the functioning of exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 is selected on the basis of an intact exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10. The ascertained value of the variable characteristic of the functioning of exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 is then compared to the predefined value. An error is detected, when the ascertained value of the variable characteristic of the function of cooling device 10 deviates from the specified value. In the following, it shall be exemplarily assumed that a temperature downstream from exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 is selected as a variable characteristic of the functioning of exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10. This temperature-may be temperature TEGR or temperature T22. The monitoring function is designed so that one of the two temperatures TEGR, T22 is alternately monitored, depending on which temperature sensor is provided by the user for measuring one of the two temperatures, e.g. on the basis of more favorable installation conditions. The basis for the monitoring function of the present invention is a physically-based air-system model, as is known, for example, from German Published Patent Application No. 199 63 358. The air-system model known from German Published Patent Application No. 199 63 358 is still not based on the use of an exhaust-gas recirculation cooler. Nevertheless, the influence of exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 on temperature TEGR in the air-system model known from German Published Patent Application No. 199 63 358 A1 may be taken into account in the same manner as the influence of the intercooler present there on the temperature in the air supply downstream from the intercooler. Therefore, for exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 in the present case, the following may be determined for the modeling of temperature TEGR in a manner analogous to German Published Patent Application No. 199 63 358. A portion of the heat of the recirculated exhaust gas is removed by exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10. This may be taken into account by a corresponding exhaust-gas recirculation cooler model in a manner analogous to the intercooler model from German Published Patent Application No. 199 63 358. In this context, the greater the proportion of the heat removed from the recirculated exhaust gas, the higher the effectiveness, i.e. the efficiency, of exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10. This means that temperature TEGR ascertained in the temperature determination of the air-system model is reduced as a function of the efficiency of exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10. The air-system model is now applied to the present monitoring function of exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 in such a manner, that the efficiency of exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 modeled in this way corresponds to that of an intact, correctly functioning exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10. This means that in the air-system model, temperature TEGR is calculated on the basis of intact exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10. The same applies to temperature T22, which is calculated from the ratio of mass flow rate of recirculated exhaust gas mEGR to mass flow rate of supplied fresh air m2, and their temperatures TEGR and T21, as follows:




  
    
      
        
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                21
              
              
                m
                22
              
            
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              T
              21
            
          
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                m
                EGR
              
              
                m
                22
              
            
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              T
              EGR
            
          
        
      
    
    
      
        (
        1
        )
      
    
  
  
    
      
        
          
            where
          
          ⁢
          
            
          
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            m
            22
          
        
        =
        
          
            m
            21
          
          +
          
            m
            EGR
          
        
      
    
    
      
        (
        2
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Therefore, it is possible to compare temperature TEGR or T22 of the air-system model, which are calculated in the described manner through modeling and selected in this manner on the basis of an intact exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10, to the correspondingly measured temperature of a temperature sensor for temperature TEGR or T22. In the example according to FIG. 1, the temperature sensor for measuring temperature TEGR is provided in exhaust-gas recirculation line 5, downstream from exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 and upstream from exhaust-gas recirculation valve 95. In this context, the temperature sensor alternatively or additionally used for ascertaining temperature T22 is provided in air supply 15, downstream from the discharge of exhaust-gas recirculation line 5 into air supply 15. In the following, the temperature downstream from exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 in exhaust-gas recirculation line 5, predefined by the air-system model, is referred to as TEGRV, and the temperature downstream from the discharge of exhaust-gas recirculation line 5 into air supply 15, predefined by the air-system model, is referred to as T22V. The temperature measured downstream from exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 in exhaust-gas recirculation line 5 is hereinafter designated as TEGRM, and the temperature measured downstream from the discharge of exhaust-gas recirculation line 5 into air supply 15 is designated as T22M. If exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 has a defect, then measured temperature TEGRM increases in contrast to specified temperature TEGRV of the air-system model. In this case, measured temperature T22M correspondingly increases in comparison with predefined temperature T22V of the air-system model. An error of exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 is detected on the basis of the deviation of measured temperature TEGRM from predefined temperature TEGRV, and on the basis of the deviation of measured temperature T22M from predefined temperature T22V.
In this context, it may be advantageously provided that an error of exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 is only detected, when the magnitude of the difference between measured temperature TEGRM and predefined temperature TEGRV exceeds a first predefined threshold value. Similarly, it may be optionally provided that an error of exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 be only detected, when the absolute value of the difference between measured temperature T22M and predefined temperature T22V is likewise greater than a first threshold value correspondingly specified for this temperature T22. In this context, the first predefined threshold value in question is applied, for example, on a test bench, so that measuring inaccuracies of the utilized sensors and modeling inaccuracies of the utilized air-system model are taken into account.
Shown in FIG. 2 is a flow chart for explaining the method of the present invention and the device of the present invention. In this context, the flow chart may be implemented in an engine control unit 115 in the form of software and/or hardware. The flow chart includes physical air-system model 40, which is supplied measured operating parameters of internal combustion engine 1, such as pressure p1 and/or p21 and temperature T1 and/or T21, as well as actuating signals for, e.g. setting a desired geometry of turbine 75 in order to set a desired turbo pressure and/or for setting a desired degree of opening of exhaust-gas recirculation valve 95 in order to set a desired exhaust-gas recirculation rate and/or for setting a desired degree of opening of throttle valve 55 in order to set a desired throttle cross-sectional area. The supply of further input variables to physical air-system model 40, such as engine speed n, mass flow rate of air m1, and mass flow rate of supplied fuel mFuel, is indicated in FIG. 2 by reference numeral 120. In the following, it shall be exemplarily assumed that the monitoring function is carried out on the basis of temperature TEGR downstream from exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 in exhaust-gas recirculation line 5. Therefore, specified temperature TEGRV is regarded as an output variable of physical air-system model 40 for the present monitoring function, the specified temperature being supplied to a summing element 110 of a monitoring unit 30. Temperature TEGRM is measured by a temperature sensor 35 and transmitted to a comparison element 45 of monitoring unit 30, the temperature sensor not being shown FIG. 1 and being between exhaust-gas recirculation valve 95 and exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 in exhaust-gas recirculation line 5. Monitoring unit 30 also includes an offset memory 105, in which first, predefined threshold value S1 of temperature TEGR is stored, and which likewise transmits this first, predefined threshold value S1 to summing element 110. Consequently, first predefined threshold value S1 for temperature TEGR is added to specified temperature TEGRV in summing element 110. The sum formed in the process is likewise supplied to comparison element 45. If measured temperature TEGRM is now greater than the sum S1+TEGRV at the output of summing element 110, then comparison element 45 sets an error bit and transmits it to an error-detection unit 50 of monitoring unit 30. If error-recognition unit 50 detects a set error bit at its input, then it initiates an error reaction, which may be optical and/or acoustic signaling of a defective exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10. Furthermore, it may optionally be provided that error-detection unit 50 initiate an emergency operating measure of internal combustion engine 1 as an error reaction, in that it reduces or switches off the power of internal combustion engine 1, e.g. by correspondingly reducing or interrupting the supply of fuel.
Exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 may be monitored in a corresponding manner with the aid of temperature T22, when specified temperature T22V is used as an output variable of physical air-system model 40, and when a temperature sensor for ascertaining temperature T22M is provided in air supply 15 downstream from the discharge of exhaust-gas recirculation line 5 into air supply 15. In this case, offset memory 105 would additionally provide the first, specified threshold value used for temperature T22, e.g. S1.
It may also be provided that exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 be only monitored at specified operating points of internal combustion engine 1. In this context, operating points of internal combustion engine 1, at which the mass flow rate of recirculated exhaust gas is set above a predefined threshold value, may be selected as predefined operating points. The predefined threshold value for the mass flow rate of recirculated exhaust gas may be suitably applied, for example, on a test bench, and namely in such a manner, that the influence of exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 on temperature T22 is especially significant with regard to complying with specified limiting values for exhaust emissions. A sufficiently large mass flow rate of recirculated exhaust gas mEGR is ensured in that, for the monitoring of exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10, engine speed n and mass flow rate of fuel mFuel must be within limits to be suitably specified. Therefore, in the case of an internal combustion engine 1, to which the predefined threshold value for the mass flow rate of recirculated exhaust gas has been applied in this manner, mass flow rate of recirculated exhaust gas mEGR is also fixed. In addition, it may be additionally or alternatively provided that operating points of internal combustion engine 1, at which internal combustion engine 1 is essentially operated at steady-state, be selected as predefined operating points for the monitoring. In steady-state operation of internal combustion engine 1, erroneous influences of a dynamic change in operating parameters, in particular with regard to the modeling of temperature TEGRV, may be prevented in the same manner as falsifications, in particular time delays during the measurement of temperatures TEGRM or T22M, due to the inertia of the utilized temperature sensors. Thus, a release-determination unit 100, to which, in turn, operating parameters of internal combustion engine 1 are transmitted, may be provided as also shown in FIG. 2. Examples of these operating parameters include, in particular, engine speed n and the engine load, which may be characterized by, e.g. mass flow rate of injected fuel mFuel. Engine speed n is measured in a manner known to one skilled in the art, e.g. by an rpm sensor, whereas mass flow rate of injected fuel mFuel is known to be used in engine control unit 115, e.g. for setting a predefined air/fuel mixture ratio. The use of further input variables for release-determination unit 100 is indicated in FIG. 2. These may also include, e.g. actuating signals, which are used for setting a desired turbo pressure or a desired exhaust-gas recirculation rate, as already described. They may also include signals, which indicate if the exhaust-gas recirculation control is being operated in a standard mode or, for example, in a regeneration mode; or the actuating signal of bypass valve 90. Release-determination unit 100 then checks, in the case of the exhaust-gas recirculation rate to be adjusted by the corresponding signal, if the mass flow rate of recirculated exhaust gas resulting from this is exceeding the threshold value specified for it, or if the operating points defined by engine speed n and mass flow rate of fuel mFuel are within the applied limits. It may also be provided that release-determination unit 100 only initiates the activation of the monitoring function via monitoring unit 30, when the exhaust-gas recirculation control system is in standard mode and not in regeneration mode. Furthermore, it may be provided that release-determination unit 100 only initiates the activation of the monitoring function via monitoring unit 30, when bypass valve 90 is completely closed. If this is the case, then release-determination unit 100 initiates the activation of the monitoring function via monitoring unit 30. Otherwise, the described monitoring function remains deactivated. In addition, or as an alternative, as a condition for activating monitoring unit 30 for monitoring exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10, release-determination unit 100 may determine from the supplied operating parameters of internal combustion engine 1, in a manner known to one skilled in the art, if the operating state is steady-state, e.g. if engine speed n and supplied amount of fuel mFuel have already been essentially constant for at least a predefined period of time. In this context, the predefined period of time may be suitably applied, for example, on a test bench and should be selected to be large enough to be able to reliably detect the setting of a steady-state operating state of internal combustion engine 1. In addition, or as an alternative, steady-state operation may be detected, when the time gradient of a modeled temperature, e.g. TEGRV or T22V is lower than a predefined threshold value. If not all of the conditions for steady-state operation are present, then the monitoring function remains deactivated.
The monitoring function of the present invention may be easily expanded to several threshold values. In this context, e.g. it may be provided that a first error reaction be initiated in the case in which measured temperature TEGRM exceeds specified temperature TEGRV by more than a second predefined threshold value. In the case in which measured temperature TEGRM exceeds specified temperature TEGRV by more than a third specified threshold value, which is greater than the second specified threshold value, a second error reaction may then be initiated. Further stages, which each have a correspondingly greater threshold value, may be provided in a corresponding manner, which means that more than two different error reactions may also be initiated. The first error reaction may be an optical and/or acoustic warning, which refers to a possible defect of exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10, without exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 actually being defective. A defect of exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 is only detected and optically and/or acoustically signaled by the second error reaction, when the third predefined threshold value is exceeded, in which case an emergency measure for internal combustion engine 1 may be additionally initiated in the described manner. In this context, the second predefined threshold value should be selected so that a warning signal is not unnecessarily emitted; preferably, the second predefined threshold value is as close as possible to the third predefined threshold value. Corresponding multistage monitoring may be implemented analogously for the described monitoring of temperature T22.
The initiation of an emergency operation may be provided, for example, as a third error reaction, when measured temperature TEGRM exceeds specified temperature TEGRV by more than a fourth predefined threshold value, which is greater than the third predefined threshold value. The switching off of the internal combustion engine may be initiated, for example, as a fourth error reaction, when measured temperature TEGRM exceeds specified temperature TEGRV by more than a fifth predefined threshold value, which is greater than the fourth predefined threshold value. In this context, the individual, predefined threshold values are to be suitably applied on a test bench in such a manner, that the initiation of the assigned error reactions only actually occurs, when these error reactions are actually necessary for protecting the components of internal combustion engine 1 and preserving driving safety.
In the case of only a single-stage error reaction, the previously-described, first threshold value may correspond to the second, third, fourth, or fifth predefined threshold value. An advantage of monitoring the function of exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 via temperature T22 is that the temperature sensor, which is for measuring temperature T22M and is used for this monitoring, may be verified by a temperature sensor, which measures temperature T21 in air supply 15 downstream from intercooler 25 and, as shown in FIG. 1, upstream from throttle valve 55. This verification should occur when exhaust-gas recirculation valve 95 is closed, since the two named temperature sensors would have to measure the same temperature in this state, when the exhaust-gas recirculation is interrupted. In this context, the described verification may also be carried out during operation of internal combustion engine 1.
A physical air-system model, such as the one already known from German Published Patent Application No. 199 63 358, was used as a starting point for the described monitoring function of exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 according to the present invention. When using new sensors, such as a temperature sensor for measuring temperature TEGRM or a temperature sensor for measuring temperature T22M, it is useful to take into account this additionally measured temperature TEGRM or T22M in air-system model 40, as well. This could be accomplished, for example, by no longer having to use an intact exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 as a starting point while calculating specified temperature TEGRV or calculating specified temperature T22V, but rather by adjusting calculated, specified temperature TEGRV to measured temperature TEGRM or adjusting calculated, specified temperature T22V to measured temperature T22M, by correspondingly changing the efficiency of exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 in the exhaust-gas recirculation cooler model of air-system model 40. Since calculated, specified temperature TEGRV or T22V is adjusted to the corresponding, measured sensor temperature, this temperature may no longer be used for monitoring.
In this case, the efficiency of exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 calculated for the adjustment of calculated, specified temperature TEGRV or T22V to the corresponding, measured sensor temperature is then monitored as a variable characteristic of the function of exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10. If the efficiency of exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 calculated during the adjustment of calculated, specified temperature TEGRV or T22V to corresponding, measured sensor temperature TEGRM or T22M in correspondingly modified air-system model 40 falls below a specified threshold value, which is equal to the efficiency of intact exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 minus a predefined offset value, then an error of exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 is detected. In this context, the predefined threshold value or the predefined offset value is applied, e.g. on a test bench, in such a manner, that any measuring inaccuracies and model inaccuracies are taken into account during error detection and are not erroneously detected as errors of exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10. Even in this case of using the efficiency as a variable characteristic of exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10, multistage error detection having different error reactions in response to different threshold values being undershot by the efficiency of exhaust-gas recirculation cooler 10 calculated in the modified air-system model, may be implemented in a manner analogous to the procedure described for the temperature.
The described monitoring function of the present invention has the advantage that it does not require any additional algorithms for calculating the variables necessary for the monitoring and dispenses with the application expenditure associated with this. It uses the input variables of air-system model 40, which are already utilized in engine control unit 115 for, e.g. other important control-unit functions, and therefore expands its application uses.
As known from German Published Patent Application No. 199 63 358, physical air-system model 40 calculates additional state variables or operating parameters of internal combustion engine 1 as a function of available sensory systems, using physical relationships.

## Claims

1. A device for operating an internal combustion engine having an exhaust-gas recirculation and a cooling device for cooling a recirculated exhaust gas, comprising:
an arrangement for monitoring a variable characteristic of a functioning of the cooling device;
an arrangement for ascertaining the variable characteristic of the functioning of the cooling device as a function of a measured value;
an arrangement for selecting the variable characteristic of the functioning of the cooling device on the basis of the cooling device being intact;
an arrangement for comparing an ascertained value of the variable characteristic of the functioning of the cooling device to a specified value; and
an arrangement for detecting an error if the ascertained value deviates from the specified value, wherein the error is detected only if the ascertained value deviates from the specified value by more than a first predefined threshold value.

2. A method for operating an internal combustion engine having an exhaust-gas recirculation and a cooling device for cooling a recirculated exhaust gas, comprising:
monitoring a variable characteristic of a functioning of the cooling device;
ascertaining the variable characteristic of the functioning of the cooling device as a function of a measured value;
selecting the variable characteristic of the functioning of the cooling device on the basis of the cooling device being intact;
comparing an ascertained value of the variable characteristic of the functioning of the cooling device to a specified value;
detecting an error if the ascertained value deviates from the specified value; and
initiating a first error reaction if the ascertained value deviates from the specified value by more than a first predefined threshold value.

3. The method as recited in claim 2, further comprising:
initiating a second error reaction if the ascertained value deviates from the specified value by more than a second predefined threshold value.

4. The method as recited in claim 3, wherein:
the second predefined threshold value is greater than the first predefined threshold value.

5. A method for operating an internal combustion engine having an exhaust-gas recirculation and a cooling device for cooling a recirculated exhaust gas, comprising:
monitoring a variable characteristic of a functioning of the cooling device;
ascertaining the variable characteristic of the functioning of the cooling device as a function of a measured value;
selecting the variable characteristic of the functioning of the cooling device on the basis of the cooling device being intact;
comparing an ascertained value of the variable characteristic of the functioning of the cooling device to a specified value; and
detecting an error if the ascertained value deviates from the specified value, wherein the error is detected only if the ascertained value deviates from the specified value by more than a first predefined threshold value.

6. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
selecting an efficiency of the cooling device as the variable characteristic of the functioning of the cooling device.

7. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein:
the monitoring is only carried out at predefined operating points of the internal combustion engine.

8. The method as recited in claim 7, further comprising:
selecting as the predefined operating points operating points of the internal combustion engine that have a mass flow rate of the recirculated exhaust gas greater than a specified threshold value.

9. The method as recited in claim 7, further comprising:
selecting as the predefined operating points operating points of the internal combustion engine at which the internal combustion engine is operated at steady-state.

10. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
selecting a temperature downstream from the cooling device as the variable characteristic of the functioning of the cooling device.

11. The method as recited in claim 10, further comprising:
verifying, if a recirculation of the recirculated exhaust gas is interrupted, the temperature downstream from the cooling device by using a temperature in an air supply of the internal combustion engine downstream from one of a compressor and an intercooler.