Filed 2/14/17 (unmodified opn. attached)

CERTIFIED FOR PUBLICATION

IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT

DIVISION THREE

ANTHONY McGINNIS,

Petitioner,

v.

THE SUPERIOR COURT OF 

ALAMEDA COUNTY,

Respondent;

THE PEOPLE,

Real Party in Interest.

A149006

(Alameda County

Super. Ct. No. 127033)

ORDER MODIFYING OPINION; 

NO CHANGE IN JUDGMENT

THE COURT:

The opinion filed herein on January 27, 2017, is modified as follows:

On page 3, footnote 2, in the last sentence after the word “counsel,” add the words 

“absent an order to show cause,” and after the Government Code citation add “In re 

Clark (1993) 5 Cal.4th 750, 780” so that the sentence reads:

Any right to habeas counsel, absent an order to show cause, is purely statutory 

and, in California, the right extends only to indigent prisoners sentenced to death. 

(Gov. Code, § 68662; In re Clark (1993) 5 Cal.4th 750, 780.)

There is no change in the judgment.

Date: __________________________ Acting P.J.
Trial court: Alameda County Superior Court

Trial judge: Honorable Larry Goodman

Counsel for petitioner: L. Richard Braucher, under appointment by the Court 

of Appeal.

Counsel for respondent: No appearance.

Counsel for real party in interest: Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Gerald A. 

Engler, Chief Assistant Attorney General, Jeffrey M. 

Laurence, Senior Assistant Attorney General, Eric D. 

Share, Supervising Deputy Attorney General, and 

Alisha M. Carlile, Deputy Attorney General.

A149006
1

Filed 1/27/17 (unmodified version)

CERTIFIED FOR PUBLICATION

IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT

DIVISION THREE

ANTHONY McGINNIS,

Petitioner,

v.

THE SUPERIOR COURT OF 

ALAMEDA COUNTY,

Respondent;

THE PEOPLE,

Real Party in Interest.

A149006

(Alameda County

Super. Ct. No. 127033)

Penal Code1section 1054.9 authorizes postconviction discovery of prosecutorial 

documents in order to prepare a writ of habeas corpus for an inmate sentenced to death or 

life imprisonment, but requires the cost of copying those documents to be “borne or 

reimbursed by the defendant.” Pursuant to a directive from the California Supreme Court, 

we here determine whether a motion for postconviction discovery may be denied solely 

due to a defendant‟s inability to pay in advance for copies of the discovery materials. As 

we shall explain, such discovery may not be denied on that basis. Where, as here, a 

moving party demonstrates entitlement to postconviction discovery but asserts he is 

unable to pay copying costs, the court must determine if defendant is indigent as claimed 

and, if so, fashion a reimbursement plan or other means to permit the discovery to 

proceed.

 

1 All further statutory references are to the Penal Code except as noted.
2

Statement of Facts and Procedural Background

In 1998, petitioner was convicted of two counts of first degree murder with a 

finding of multiple-murder special circumstance. (§§ 187, 190.2, subd. (a)(3).) The trial 

court sentenced petitioner to life in prison without possibility of parole (LWOP). This 

court affirmed his conviction (People v. McGinnis (Dec. 15, 2000, A084197) [nonpub. 

opn.]) and denied a subsequent petition for a writ of habeas corpus (In re McGinnis (Jan. 

11, 2007, A116321)).

At issue here are petitioner‟s efforts to obtain information and documents in 

support of another habeas petition. On February 25, 2015, he filed in the Alameda 

County Superior Court a motion for postconviction production of “discovery materials” 

in possession of the Alameda County District Attorney, including investigative reports on 

the analysis of physical evidence, witness interviews, and photographs introduced in 

evidence at trial. (§ 1054.9.) Defendant stated that he tried to obtain the documents from 

his trial counsel but received no reply to his inquiries. On May 6, 2015, the court denied 

the motion without prejudice upon finding that defendant had not made good faith efforts 

to obtain the documents without court intervention. The court determined that petitioner‟s 

trial counsel was deceased but ruled that petitioner should have asked his appellate

attorney or the district attorney for the documents before filing the motion.

On August 21, 2015, petitioner filed another discovery motion to which he 

attached a letter from appellate counsel saying she did not have the materials he sought 

and a letter to the district attorney requesting the documents. On August 28, 2015, with 

the motion pending, the district attorney wrote to petitioner agreeing to address his 

request and stating that he would be required to pay for the cost of copying any 

responsive documents. On September 30, 2015, petitioner filed a motion for appointment 

of counsel and waiver of copying costs for postconviction discovery. Petitioner filed a 

declaration attesting that he is “indigent,” “without the financial resources to retain 

private counsel” or “the financial ability to pay for copies of the production of postconviction discovery as requested” of the district attorney. Petitioner averred: “I currently 
3

have a prison job and make approximately seven dollars ($7.00) a month after courtimposed restitution is deducted from my pay.”

On October 7, 2015, the court denied petitioner‟s discovery motion because the 

district attorney agreed to produce responsive documents. The court stated that defendant 

could renew the motion should it be necessary after he receives the documents. By 

separate order, the court denied petitioner‟s request for appointment of counsel and 

waiver of copy costs.2 As to costs, the court found that the statute governing 

postconviction discovery requires copying costs be “borne or reimbursed” by petitioner.

(§ 1054.9.) “There is no provision for a waiver of these fees, which are not copy fees to 

the court, but to the district attorney.”

The district attorney wrote to petitioner on October 23, 2015 offering to produce 

the requested discovery and stating the copying costs to be $122.80.3Petitioner asked the 

district attorney to waive costs and she declined in a letter dated December 10, 2015.

On March 17, 2016, petitioner moved ex parte for production of postconviction 

discovery, stating his inability to pay for copies of the requested discovery. The court 

denied the motion on April 1, 2016.4Petitioner contends that he filed a renewed motion 

for discovery dated April 5, 2016, although the certified case file does not contain the

 

2 The petition before us does not contest the court‟s order denying appointed counsel, and challenges only its order 

on costs. The United States Constitution does not require appointment of counsel for the indigent in state habeas 

proceedings. (Pennsylvania v. Finley (1987) 481 U.S. 551, 559.) “[T]he right to appointed counsel extends to the 

first appeal of right, and no further.” (Ibid.) Any right to habeas counsel is purely statutory and, in California, the 

right extends only to indigent prisoners sentenced to death. (Gov. Code, § 68662.)

3 The costs were itemized as follows: $13.40 for 130 pages of documents, $4.40 for copies of 44 photos, and $105 

for witness interviews copied onto seven cassette tapes. The district attorney offered to produce the interviews on 

CDs at a cost of $210 rather than cassette tapes for $105, which would raise the total cost from $122.80 to $227.80.

4 The motion does not appear in the record, only the order. The superior court clerk attests that the March 17, 2016 

motion is not in the court file.
4

motion or an order relating to it.

5

The renewed motion, a copy of which is attached to his 

petition for writ of mandate, states he is indigent and that conditioning postconviction 

discovery on advance payment of costs denies him due process and equal protection of 

the law. Petitioner noted that the discovery statute allows for “reimbursement” of costs 

and proposed placing a lien on his prison trust account for incremental collection of 20 

percent of money deposited in the account until all copying fees are paid to the district 

attorney. (§ 1054.9.) Petitioner asserts the renewed motion was denied.

Petitioner filed a petition for writ of mandate in this court, which we summarily 

denied. Petitioner then filed a petition for writ of mandate in the California Supreme 

Court seeking an order directing the superior court to provide postconviction discovery 

without advance payment of costs. The high court refiled the petition as a petition for writ 

of certiorari, granted it, and transferred it to this court with directions to issue a writ of 

review to the superior court and to decide the following questions upon return of the writ:

“(1) May a motion for postconviction discovery pursuant to Penal Code section 1054.9 be 

denied solely due to a defendant‟s inability to pay? (2) May such a motion be summarily 

denied on that ground without a hearing?” Pursuant to this directive, we issued a writ of 

review to the superior court directing it to certify the entire record of proceedings on 

petitioner‟s request for postconviction discovery and we appointed counsel to represent 

petitioner on the writ of review. This court has now received the superior court case file, 

the return on the petition and petitioner‟s traverse.

Discussion

Common law principles provide that a person seeking habeas corpus relief is not 

entitled to court-ordered discovery unless and until the court issues an order to show 

cause and thus determines that the petition states a prima facie case for relief. (People v. 

Gonzalez (1990) 51 Cal.3d 1179, 1255-1261.) That rule was changed by statute, effective 

2003, for persons sentenced to death or LWOP. (In re Steele (2004) 32 Cal.4th 682, 690.)

 

5 The Attorney General does not address this discrepancy in the record. We shall presume that the renewed motion 

was filed in the superior court and denied, as petitioner alleges.
5

Section 1054.9, subdivision (a) provides: “Upon the prosecution of a 

postconviction writ of habeas corpus or a motion to vacate a judgment in a case in which 

a sentence of death or of life in prison without the possibility of parole has been imposed, 

and on a showing that good faith efforts to obtain discovery materials from trial counsel 

were made and were unsuccessful, the court shall, except as provided in subdivision (c) 

[which relates to physical evidence], order that the defendant be provided reasonable 

access to any of the materials described in subdivision (b).” Subdivision (b) provides: 

“For purposes of this section, „discovery materials‟ means materials in the possession of 

the prosecution and law enforcement authorities to which the same defendant would have 

been entitled at time of trial.” Pertinent here is subdivision (d), which provides: “The 

actual costs of examination or copying pursuant to this section shall be borne or 

reimbursed by the defendant.”

Petitioner argues that the superior court misinterpreted the statute to require 

payment of copy costs before discovery production rather than allowing him to reimburse 

costs after receiving responsive documents. In his traverse, petitioner states he “does not 

oppose reimbursement” and renews his offer to allow a lien against his prison trust fund 

to pay copy costs. The Attorney General is in agreement. She contends that a criminal 

defendant must pay postconviction discovery costs but an indigent defendant may pay 

those costs over time.

The parties‟ positions are in accord with Davis v. Superior Court (2016) 1 

Cal.App.5th 881. In Davis, a LWOP inmate asserted that “forcing him to pay for copies 

of postconviction discovery violates his right to equal protection under the law because it 

places him on different footing from wealthier inmates who can afford to pay for the 

discovery they request.” (Id. at p. 888.) The appellate court, “mindful that „a court, when 

faced with an ambiguous statute that raises serious constitutional questions, should 

endeavor to construe the statute in a manner which avoids any doubt concerning its 

validity‟ ” (ibid.), found no need to address constitutional concerns because section 

1054.9, fairly read, “does not require an inmate seeking postconviction discovery to pay 

in advance for copies of discovery” (id. at p. 889). The statute requires the costs of 
6

copying to be “borne or reimbursed by the defendant.” (§ 1054.9, subd. (d), italics 

added.) The court held that, pursuant to the terms of the statute itself, one “may not 

completely prohibit petitioner from receiving postconviction discovery without first 

paying for copies of what he receives.” (Id. at p. 889.) The court declined to “instruct the 

trial court as to exactly how to address the payment of costs by petitioner, as there are 

many ways in which an inmate may receive postconviction discovery without paying the 

copying costs in advance” and left to the trial court‟s discretion a manner of payment 

appropriate to the circumstances. (Ibid.) One possibility noted by the appellate court was

that “the parties might agree that petitioner can pay costs over time using his prison 

wages or other funds to which he has access.” (Ibid.)

Here, the parties are agreed that petitioner may receive the postconviction 

discovery he requested and reimburse copying costs over time from his prison wages. 

The trial court may, given the parties‟ stipulation, issue an order garnishing a portion of 

petitioner‟s prison funds and remitting the payment to the district attorney.6

In summary, the Supreme Court asked: “May a motion for postconviction 

discovery pursuant to Penal Code section 1054.9 be denied solely due to a defendant‟s 

inability to pay?” The answer is no. Section 1054.9 requires the costs of copying to be 

“borne or reimbursed by the defendant.” (§ 1054.9, subd. (d), italics added.) A superior 

court “may not completely prohibit petitioner from receiving postconviction discovery 

without first paying for copies of what he receives” but should fashion a method for 

petitioner to reimburse the district attorney over time or otherwise gain access to the 

materials. (Davis v. Superior Court, supra, 1 Cal.App.5th at p. 889.)

The second question posed by our high court is: “May [a motion under section 

1054.9] be summarily denied [due to a defendant‟s inability to pay] without a hearing?” 

 

6 The Attorney General suggests that the superior court pay the copying costs, add those costs to court fees, and 

recover the costs under Government Code section 68635, which allows garnishment of prison wages to collect court 

fees. But postconviction discovery costs are not “court filing fees and costs” encompassed by the garnishment 

statute. Although district attorneys undoubtedly have limited resources, the superior courts have not been 

appropriated funds to advance these copying costs. 
7

The short answer is no, but a hearing should rarely be necessary. A defendant‟s inability 

to pay discovery costs before receiving responsive documents is not a basis for denying 

discovery. Where, as here, a moving party demonstrates entitlement to postconviction 

discovery but asserts he is unable to pay copy costs, the court should determine if 

defendant is indigent as claimed and, if so, order reimbursement. In most cases the court 

will be able to make this determination based on the documentation submitted in support 

of the application. In the unlikely event that the defendant makes the necessary showing 

of indigency and the district attorney submits evidence to the contrary or there is reason 

to question the defendant‟s showing, a hearing will be required to determine the issue. 

However, as indicated, such instances should not be frequent.

Disposition

The order of the Superior Court of Alameda County denying petitioner‟s request 

for postconviction discovery under section 1054.9 is reversed and the matter is remanded 

for further proceedings. The superior court shall determine if defendant is unable to pay 

in advance for the costs of copying documents responsive to his discovery request and, if 

so, issue an order for reimbursement to the district attorney consistent with the parties‟ 

agreement. If the parties fail to agree on a reimbursement plan for copying costs, the 

court is authorized to enter an order consistent with this opinion.
8

_________________________

Pollak, Acting P.J.

We concur:

_________________________

Siggins, J.

_________________________

Jenkins, J.
9

A149006
10

Trial court: Alameda County Superior Court

Trial judge: Honorable Larry Goodman

Counsel for petitioner: L. Richard Braucher, under appointment by the Court 

of Appeal.

Counsel for respondent: No appearance.

Counsel for real party in interest: Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Gerald A. 

Engler, Chief Assistant Attorney General, Jeffrey M. 

Laurence, Senior Assistant Attorney General, Eric D. 

Share, Supervising Deputy Attorney General, and 

Alisha M. Carlile, Deputy Attorney General.

A149006