# Patent

## Title
Method of reducing flickering and inhomogeneous brightness in LCD

## Abstract

A method of reducing flickering and inhomogeneous brightness in an LCD. The method serially connects each scan line connecting a plurality of pixels in a row with a resistor to form a scan line circuit. The resistor is connected between the first pixel of the scan line and the voltage input terminal of the scan line, so that the gate voltage entering the TFT in the first pixel deforms. The voltage of the TFT decreases when it is turned off, minimizing screen flickering and inhomogeneous brightness due to the capacitor charge coupling effect between the first pixel and the last pixel on a scan line.

## Background
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of Invention
The invention relates to a TFT scan line control circuit for LCDs and, in particular, to a circuit that solve the problems of flicker and inhomogeneous brightness in LCDs.
2. Related Art
The LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is a flat display with low power consumption. In comparison with the CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) of the sane screen size, the LCD is much smaller in its space occupation and weight. Unlike the curved screen in conventional CRTs, it has a planar display screen. With these advantages, LCDs have been widely used in various products, including palm calculators, electronic dictionaries, watches, mobile phones, notebook computers, communication terminals, display panels or even personal desktop computers. In particular, there is tendency that the TFT-LCD (Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display) is gradually replacing the low-level STN-LCD due to its superior properties in visible angles, contrast, and response time.
As shown in FIG. 1, there are liquid crystal capacitors 100 and transistors 110 disposed in an array. Scan lines 120 connect the gates 111 of the transistors 110. Data lines 130 connect the sources 112 of the transistors 110. Each liquid crystal capacitor 100 connects between a transistor 110 and a reference potential 115. Each scan line 120 imposes in order a rectangular voltage on the gate 111 of the transistor 110 at an interval of roughly a scanning time, which is a positive frame time divided by the number of scan lines. At the moment, the voltages D1, D2 and D3 are existent on the data lines 130. The corresponding charges are then stored in the crystal capacitors 100 at the intersection of the data lines 130 and each scan line 120 in order at times t1, t2, and t3. The shaded squares 140 in the drawing schematically explain the data storage of the rectangular waves on the data lines and the scan lines.
With further reference to FIG. 1, aside from the transistors 110 and the crystal capacitors 100 connected by the scan lines 120, there are also stray capacitors 116 and resistors 121. For currently available LCDs with a resolution of 1024×768, 1024×3 data lines are required, where the factor 3 accounts for the red, green and blue color signals for a point. The resistance 121 is generated by the generic resistance in thin and long wires (10 μm×12–14 in.). The resistance is about 0.35Ω/sq. The above-mentioned resistors 121 and the stray capacitors 116 definitely cause RC time delays. Therefore, even each scan line 120 is input with a rectangular wave that is steep at its edges, as shown in FIG. 2a, the voltage imposed on the gate of the first pixel transistor (composed of a transistor 111 and a liquid crystal capacitor 100) is almost invariant in its shape (FIG. 2b). However, on the n'th pixel, the voltage imposed on the gate has some shape deformation.
The voltages VGH and VGL in FIG. 3a are the maximum and minimum voltages at the gate of the first pixel. FIG. 3b shows that the starting (the transistor turned on) time and the decreasing (the transistor turned off) time of the scan line rectangular wave at the gate of the last pixel. Therefore, to respond such a change in the waveform, the usual scan line and data line produce a time difference Δt on purposes, as shown in FIG. 3c. That is, the data line has to wait until the previous scan line is turned off before it writes the data signals while the next scan line is turned on.
Since there is an unavoidable parasitic capacitor CGS between the TFT source/drain and gate and CGS is pretty large, although CGS does not generate any influence when the transistor is turned on, it does generate the charge coupling effect when the transistor is turned off after writing data into the liquid crystal capacitor CLC and a storage capacitor CS. FIG. 4 shows that the voltage at the drain of the transistor drops from VD by ΔVD to (VD−ΔVD) 142. This voltage is maintained till the end of the positive frame time, which is about 16.7 ms. The ΔVD is CGS(VGH−VGL)/(CGS+CS+CLC). To prevent decomposition of the liquid crystal from, a negative frame time (when the voltage VD is negative) has to be imposed after a frame time (when the voltage VD is positive). At this moment, the charge coupling effect due to the capacitor CGS still produces a voltage drop of ΔVD to the voltage −VD−ΔVD 144. FIG. 5 illustrates such a situation.
In the n'th pixel of the scan lines, the RC time delay deforms the square waveform of the scan line and makes the capacitor CGS generate the charge coupling effect. Therefore, the gate voltages of the n'th pixel and the first pixel are different, resulting in the flicker problem of a large TFT-LCD. To conquer the above problem, a common method is to change the IC design of the scan line driver. Nevertheless, this will increase the cost and thus is not economical at all. It is thus an object of the invention to provide an effective method that solves the above problem.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the invention is to provide a method to solve the flickering problem in a large TFT-LCD.
The invention discloses a scan line circuit that solves the problems of screen flickering and inhomogeneous brightness in the LCD. Each scan line circuit contains a scan line connecting the gates of the TFTs of a plurality of pixels in a row and a resistor connecting in series. The resistor is placed between the first pixel on the scan line and the voltage input terminal of the scan line, so that the gate voltage entering the TFT in the first pixel deforms. The voltage of the TFT decreases when it is turned off, solving screen flickering due to the capacitor charge coupling effect between the first pixel and the last pixel on a scan line and, at the same time, the problem of inhomogeneous brightness due to imperfect exposure junctions.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description given hereinbelow illustration only, and thus are not limitative of the present invention, and wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic layout of a conventional TFT-LCD;
FIGS. 2a to 2c illustrate the rectangular waveforms when imposing a rectangular waveform voltage on the first pixel and the n'th pixel;
FIGS. 3a and 3b illustrate the maximum and minimum voltages on the gates of the first pixel and the last pixel, respectively, and FIG. 3c shows that the data line can start to write the data signals from the next scan line only after the previous pixel is turned off because there is a time difference Δt between the scan line and the data line;
FIG. 4 illustrates the voltage drop ΔVD on the drain voltage due to the CGS capacitor coupling effect;
FIG. 5a shows a typical rectangular wave voltage input from a scan line, and FIG. 5b shows a difference between the drain voltages on the first and the last pixels due to the CGS capacitor coupling effect;
FIG. 6 shows an equivalent circuit of the scan line with a resistor made of ITO added between the scan line voltage input terminal and the first pixel gate in a TFT-LCD according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7a shows a square voltage at the scan line input terminal, and FIG. 7b shows the scan line voltage of transistor gate of the first pixel and the scan line voltage of transistor gate of the last pixel according to the equivalent circuit in FIG. 6; and
FIG. 8 shows an equivalent circuit of the scan line wherein a thin film transistor with source/gate connection is connected between the scan line voltage input terminal and the first pixel gate in a TFT-LCD according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In view of the foregoing description, due to the RC time delay on the n'th pixel of each scan line, the deformed square waveform voltage input on the scan line and the charge coupling effect produced by the capacitor CGS, there is flickering in a large TFT-LCD.
The specification further describes flickering occurred in a TFT-LCD hereinafter and then discloses a method to solve the problem.
With reference to FIG. 5a, a typical rectangular waveform voltage entering a scan line has a high voltage VGH of about 15V and a low voltage VGL of about −7V. At this moment, no time delay occurs in the transistor of the first pixel when going from VGH to VGL such that the voltage of the first pixel is the same as that at the input terminal of the scan line. However, due to the charge coupling effect produced by the capacitor CGS, the drain voltage VD of the transistor experiences a voltage drop ΔVD1 when the signal input moves from one scan line to the next scan line during a positive frame time, as shown by the curve 170 in FIG. 5b. Thus, the voltage VD drops from 5V down to 4V. In a negative frame time, the voltage VD also drops from −5V to −6V due to the charge coupling effect of the capacitor CGS. For the liquid crystal, accordingly, the biases of the positive frame time and the negative frame time are different. This affects the brightness of the display so that it is brighter in the positive frame time than in the negative frame time. Therefore, the reference voltage has to be adjusted. In the current embodiment, for example, if the reference voltage is adjusted to −1V, the DC bias of the liquid crystal in the positive and negative frame times become very close to each other. As shown by the curve 175 in FIG. 5b, when the scan line transmits the signal to the n'th pixel, the RC time delay for the scan line square wave voltage to change from VGH to VGL is very significant for a large size LCD (e.g. a 10 μm×14 in. metal scan line). The scan line square wave seriously deforms. Therefore, in the positive frame time, the voltage is VT when the transistor of the n'th pixel is turned off, where VT is the threshold voltage when the TFT is turned off. Due to the charge coupling effect, the voltage is dropped by ΔVDn to become CGS(VT−VGL)/(CGS+CS+CLC). Since VT<VGH, ΔVDn is smaller, e.g. 0.5V. In the negative frame time, it is also decreased by 0.5V. Therefore, such a 0.5V difference results in the difference of the biases of the positive and negative frame times. The bias is larger in the positive frame time (low brightness) and smaller in the negative frame time (high brightness). Flicker thus takes place on the liquid crystal display.
Using the conventional method described in prior art to solve the problem of flickering is very difficult. It is because one needs to modify the IC design of the scan line driver. Not only are the effects bad, the main reason is that the cost of the scan line driver manufacturers increases because of different capacitors required by different LCD manufacturers.
FIG. 6 shows an equivalent circuit of the scan line a resistor 200 made from ITO installed between the scan line voltage input terminal 202 and the first pixel gate 204 in a TFT-LCD according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention. The voltage drop ΔVD1 and ΔVDn at the first and the n'th pixels, respectively, due to the charge coupling effect then become closer.
With reference to FIGS. 7a and 7b, since a resistor 200 with a resistance of about 10–100Ω/sq is provided to each scan line before connecting to the first pixel transistor, there is a time delay in the scan line voltage drop even at the transistor gate of the first pixel. Therefore, the turn-off time of the first pixel transistor is not the time when the scan line signal is removed, but at a later time when the voltage reaches VT1. Therefore, the difference between VT1 and VTn becomes smaller so that the voltage drop ΔVD1 of the first pixel transistor and ΔVDn of the n'th pixel transistor become closer.
Please refer again to FIG. 7b. For example, when no resistor is installed, VGH−VGL=15V−(−7V)=22V. After inserting ITO resistor 200, VGH becomes VT1. At the moment, if VT1 is 7V, then VT1−VGL=7V−(−7V)=14V. Thus, the voltage drop ΔVD1 of the first pixel transistor and ΔVDn of the n'th pixel transistor become closer. This decreases screen flickering.
FIG. 8 shows an equivalent circuit of the scan line wherein a TFT 300 with source/gate connection is connected between the scan line voltage input terminal 302 and the first pixel gate 304 in a TFT-LCD according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention. The source 300a and the gate 300b of the TFT 300 are connected so that they have the same electric potential. When the voltage input terminal 302 imposes a positive voltage at the source 300a, the gate 300b also opens so that the current can flow through the TFT 300. Inserting the TFT 300 with connection of source and gate before the first pixel gate 304, the decrease and waveform deformation of the voltage at the first pixel gate can achieve the one shown in FIG. 7b, shortening the difference between VT1 and VTn, improving the screen flickering phenomena.
Moreover, since the LCD is a large area display, the exposure in the photolithography procedure for making source/drain areas can not be done in one step. The exposure is done by one image field after another. Since the LCD manufacture procedure does not allow alignment marks between the image fields, errors of the gate and source/drain in one transistor between different image fields is unavoidable. Therefore, the capacitor CGS varies, resulting in changing ΔVD. The variation of ΔVD causes the so-called shut mura, meaning imperfect exposure junctions and inhomogeneous brightness.
The invention can use the thin film resistor made by ITO or the TFT with source/gate connection to bring VT1 and VTn closer, solving the shut mura problem. Thus, the disclosed method can significantly decrease the cost and improve the problems of screen flickering and inhomogeneous brightness.
The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the same may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims.

## Claims

1. A scan line circuit that solves screen flicker, imperfect exposure junctions and inhomogeneous brightness in a TFT-LCD, which includes a plurality of perpendicular scan lines and a plurality of horizontal data lines, each of the scan lines connecting a plurality of pixel TFTs in a row and each of the data lines connecting a plurality of pixel TFTs in a column to form an array of the pixel TFTs, and a drain of the each pixel TFTs connecting a liquid crystal capacitor and a storage capacitor, wherein each of the scan line comprises:
gate voltage deformation means for deforming a gate input voltage waveform input from an input terminal of the scan line, the gate voltage deformation means located only between the gate of the first pixel TFT in the row and the input terminal of the scan line.

2. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the gate voltage deformation means comprises a resistor.

3. The circuit of claim 2, wherein the resistance of the resistor is in the range between 10 Ω/sq and 100 Ω)/sq.

4. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the gate voltage deformation means comprises an ITO thin film.

5. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the gate voltage deformation means comprises a TFT that the TFT's gate connects the TFT's source directly.

6. A scan line circuit that solves screen flicker, imperfect exposure junctions and inhomogeneous brightness in a TFT-LCD, which includes a plurality of perpendicular scan lines and a plurality of horizontal data lines, each of the scan lines connecting a plurality of pixel TFTs in a row and each of the data lines connecting a plurality of pixel TFTs in a column to form an array of the pixel TFTs, and a drain of the each pixel TFTs connecting a liquid crystal capacitor and a storage capacitor, wherein each of the scan line comprises:
gate voltage deformation means for, generating a deformed gate voltage waveform transmitted to the pixel TFTs connected to the same scan line, the gate voltage deformation means located between the gate of the first pixel TFT in the row and the input terminal of the scan line.

7. The circuit of claim 6, wherein the gate voltage deformation means comprises a resistor.

8. The circuit of claim 7, wherein the resistance of the resistor is in the range between 10 Ω/sq and 100 Ω/sq.

9. The circuit of claim 6, wherein the gate voltage deformation means comprises an ITO thin film.

10. The circuit of claim 6, wherein the gate voltage deformation means comprises a TFT that the TFT's gate connects the TFT's source directly.