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OPINION

No. 04-08-00410-CV

IN RE Z.G.J., J.E.J., and J.S.J., children

From the 225th Judicial District Court, Bexar County, Texas

Trial Court No. 2008-CI-07624

Honorable Martha Tanner, Judge Presiding

Opinion by: Karen Angelini, Justice

Sitting: Karen Angelini, Justice

Phylis J. Speedlin, Justice

Steven C. Hilbig, Justice

Delivered and Filed: October 8, 2008

AFFIRMED

Appellants Texas Department of Family and Protective Services and Commissioner Carey

Cockrell (collectively “the Department”) appeal from the trial court’s denial of their plea to the

jurisdiction. We affirm. 

BACKGROUND

On April 5, 2008, Z.G.J., J.E.J., and J.S.J. were removed from their home on the Yearning

for Zion Ranch in El Dorado, Schleicher County, Texas. On April 17-18, 2008, the 51st Judicial

District Court, sitting in Schleicher County, held an adversary hearing, and at the conclusion of the

hearing, the court named the Department as the children’s managing conservator. Several mothers,

including the mother of the children subject to this appeal, filed a petition for writ of mandamus
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challenging the temporary orders entered by the Schleicher County district court. Their petition was

ultimately successful, and on May 29, 2008, the Texas Supreme Court ordered the return of the

children. See In re Tex. Dep’t of Family & Protective Servs., 255 S.W.3d 613, 615 (Tex. 2008).

However, while the supreme court ordered the Schleicher County district court to vacate its current

temporary orders, it also stated that the court “need not do so without granting other appropriate

relief to protect the children.” Id. Thus, on June 2, 2008, the Schleicher County district court ordered

the return of the children but also ordered the parents of the children to comply with certain

requirements.

During the same time period as the events described above, a separate proceeding was

initiated in Bexar County by the children’s father, Joseph Steed Jessop. On May 13, 2008, after

learning that his children were physically located in Bexar County, Jessop filed a petition for writ

of habeas corpus in Bexar County, seeking the immediate return of his children, Z.G.J., J.E.J., and

J.S.J. In addition to seeking his children’s return, he also asked the trial court to do the following:

(1) to sign a final judgment granting his petition, finding that his children

were illegally removed, awarding him and his wife “the right to

permanent possession” of his children, permanently restraining and

enjoining the Department “from taking any action, whether in any

court or purported legal process or otherwise,” and permanently

restraining and enjoining the Department from “interfering” with his

and his wife’s rights to exercise the exclusive possession and control

of his children; 

(2) in the event final orders are delayed, to issue a temporary injunction,

returning his children to his possession and preventing the

Department from “seeking an order from any court of coordinate

jurisdiction [that] would contradict this Court’s exclusive jurisdiction

to determine the legality of the detention of the children at issue, and

further preventing [the Department] from, in any manner whatsoever,

interfering with the exclusive right of [Jessop] and his wife to the

possession and control of the children at issue”;
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1... These conditions included maintaining a residence in Guadalupe County, Texas; allowing the Department

to inspect the location; allowing the children to travel in the control of their parents or grandparents only within

Guadalupe County and the contiguous counties; allowing CASA and ad litem attorneys for the children to visit upon

reasonable notice; and allowing a CPS caseworker to visit daily with the children.

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(3) to sign a judgment awarding Jessop “necessary travel and personal

expenses incurred by him in the relocation necessary to travel to seek

recovery of the children”; and

(4) to sign a judgment awarding reasonable and necessary attorney’s fees,

interest, and court costs. 

Jessop also moved for emergency relief and was granted a temporary restraining order against

the Department. Pursuant to an order signed on May 13, 2008, the Department was restrained from

removing the children from Bexar County; from withholding knowledge of their location; from

seeking any order from any court of coordinate jurisdiction that would interfere or contradict with

the Bexar County court’s “exclusive jurisdiction to determine the legality of the detention of such

children”; from denying Jessop’s wife the ability to breastfeed her infant son or from limiting or

restricting her access to him; from preventing Jessop and his wife from having daily, supervised

visits with their children; and from preventing Jessop and his wife from obtaining medical and

psychological evaluations of the children. 

In response to the habeas petition, the Department filed a “Plea to Venue and Jurisdiction of

the Court, Motion for Summary Dismissal, Plea in Abatement, and Motion for Rule 13 Sanctions.”

Then, before the trial court heard the Department’s plea or Jessop’s habeas, the parties entered into

a Rule 11 Agreement, which provided that during the pendency of the agreement and for ten days

thereafter, the Jessops would have possession and control of the children, subject to certain

conditions.1 The agreement also provided that during its pendency and ten days thereafter, the

Department would take no action, including filing pleadings and seeking orders from any other court
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of coordinate jurisdiction, that “would restrict, constrain, or attempt to control [Jessop] and his wife

in their exclusive control of the children at issue.” And, the agreement provided that it would expire

upon any of the following events:

(1) If the orders signed by the Schleicher County district court

“respecting these children [were] vacated; in such event, [the

Department] shall immediately inform [Jessop]’s counsel of such

event, and [Jessop] and his family are released from all restrictions

imposed by this agreement”; and

(2) If the orders signed by the Schleicher County district court are upheld

by the Texas Supreme Court, this agreement shall expire ten days

thereafter.

Pursuant to this agreement, Jessop’s children were returned to his care.

Then, as explained above, on June 2, 2008, the Schleicher County district court, although

vacating its prior temporary orders, signed new temporary orders requiring the parents to comply

with certain conditions. In response to the Schleicher County district court’s order, Jessop amended

his habeas petition here in Bexar County, adding a breach of contract claim. According to Jessop,

the Department breached the Rule 11 Agreement by appearing in Schleicher County and obtaining

the issuance of the June 2nd temporary orders. 

On June 9, 2008, the Bexar County district court heard Jessop’s petition for writ of habeas

corpus and injunctive relief and the Department’s plea to the jurisdiction. At the hearing, the

Department argued that the court should dismiss Jessop’s habeas petition for the following reasons:

(1) because his children had been returned to him, his habeas petition was moot; and (2) a court of

dominant jurisdiction (the one in Schleicher County) exists. The Bexar County district court found

that the plea was, in substance, a motion to dismiss as moot and denied the motion. The Department

then immediately filed with the trial court its notice of interlocutory appeal and notice of automatic
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2... After the briefs in this appeal were filed, the Department nonsuited its case in Schleicher County.

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stay pursuant to section 51.014(a)(8) of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code. Thus, the trial

court stayed the proceedings and declined to hear Jessop’s petition for writ of habeas corpus.

However, the trial court did grant Jessop’s request for a temporary restraining order. The temporary

restraining order prevents the Department “from taking any action to restrain, constrain, control or

limit the conduct of [Jessop] and his family based on the “Temporary Orders” of the 51st District

Court of Schleicher County, Texas,” or from attempting to punish Jessop “on the basis of alleged

violation of such orders.” The restraining order also prevents the Department from removing or

attempting to remove the children from Jessop’s possession and from entering the family home

without permission. 

The Department now appeals the trial court’s denial of its plea to the jurisdiction.2

DISCUSSION

A. Dominant Jurisdiction

On appeal, the Department argues that the Bexar County district court should have granted

its plea to the jurisdiction because the Schleicher County district court has dominant jurisdiction. The

Department contends that because the suit in Schleicher County was filed first, it should be the one

to proceed. We, however, have no jurisdiction to consider this argument in an interlocutory appeal.

We lack jurisdiction to review an interlocutory order unless a statute specifically authorizes

such an appeal. Qwest Commc'ns Corp. v. AT & T Corp., 24 S.W.3d 334, 336 (Tex. 2000). Here, the

Department argues that we have jurisdiction because the trial court denied its plea to the jurisdiction.

See TEX.CIV.PRAC.&REM.CODE § 51.014 (a)(8) (Vernon 2008). We, however, look not to the title

of a document, but its substance. See Speer v. Stover, 685 S.W.2d 22, 23 (Tex. 1985). 
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3... We note the Department has filed a motion to dismiss its petition for writ of mandamus in Appeal No. 04-08-

00499-CV.

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The Department argued in its plea to the jurisdiction that the Bexar County case should be

dismissed because the Schleicher County district court had dominant jurisdiction. However,

questions of dominant jurisdiction cannot be brought in a plea to the jurisdiction, but should instead

be brought in a plea in abatement. See Wyatt v. Shaw Plumbing Co., 760 S.W.2d 245, 248 (Tex.

1988); In re Graybar Elec. Co., No. 13-08-00073-CV, 2008 WL 3970865, at *8 & n.14 (Tex.

App.—Corpus Christi Aug. 26, 2008, orig. proceeding). Thus, although the Department’s plea was

titled a plea to the jurisdiction, it was in substance a plea in abatement. 

We do not have jurisdiction to review an interlocutory order denying a plea in abatement. See

Graybar, 2008 WL 3970865, at *8 & n.14; see also TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 51.014

(Vernon 2008) (not granting interlocutory appellate jurisdiction over a denial of a plea in abatement).

Instead, disputes over dominant jurisdiction may be resolved through a mandamus proceeding.3See

Perry v. Del Rio, 66 S.W.3d 239, 258 (Tex. 2001). Thus, we will not address the Department’s

dominant jurisdiction arguments in this interlocutory appeal.

B. Mootness

The Department also argued in its plea to the jurisdiction that because Jessop had possession

of his children, the habeas proceeding was moot and should be dismissed. Because mootness

implicates subject-matter jurisdiction, Pantera Energy Co. v. R.R. Comm’n, 150 S.W.3d 466, 471

(Tex. App.—Austin 2004, no pet.), it is properly before the court in a plea to the jurisdiction, Bland

Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Blue, 34 S.W.3d 547, 554 (Tex. 2000). Therefore, we have jurisdiction to

consider whether the Department’s plea should have been granted because the habeas is moot.
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At the time of the hearing, Jessop’s live habeas petition included a request for a permanent

injunction, claims for damages and attorney’s fees, and a claim for breach of the Rule 11 Agreement

entered into by both Jessop and the Department. Despite these pending claims, the Department

argued that Jessop’s entire case should be dismissed.

Without commenting on whether Jessop could properly maintain claims for a permanent

injunction, damages, and attorney’s fees in a habeas proceeding, we note that, at the very least,

Jessop’s claim for breach of the Rule 11 Agreement could be properly brought in the Bexar County

court. See Mantas v. Fifth Court of Appeals, 925 S.W.2d 656, 658 (Tex. 1996) (explaining that

when a dispute arises over a Rule 11 agreement while the trial court still has plenary power over the

case, a claim to enforce the agreement should be asserted in that court under the original cause

number). 

Further, we note that after the briefs in this appeal were filed, Jessop filed a letter with this

court, informing us that the Department has nonsuited its claims in Schleicher County. Indeed, on

August 28, 2008, the Department filed, in the 51st Judicial District Court in Schleicher County, a

“Notice of Nonsuit of Suits Affecting Parent-Child Relationship Relating to Z.G.J., J.E.J., and J.S.J.,

Children.” On that same day, the trial court signed an order granting the nonsuit and dismissing the

suits affecting the parent-child relationship. Thus, there is no longer any case relating to Jessop’s

children pending in Schleicher County. And, as the Department voluntarily dismissed the suit in

Schleicher County, the Schleicher County district court is not the court of continuing, exclusive

jurisdiction over matters relating to the children. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 155.001 (Vernon

2002) (explaining that a court acquires continuing, exclusive jurisdiction only on rendition of a final

order unless the final order relates to a voluntary dismissal of the suit). There being no court of
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continuing, exclusive jurisdiction, Jessop could now properly file any claim relating to the children

that he desired in Bexar County. Thus, even if Jessop’s habeas pleadings were defective, he should

be given an opportunity to amend his pleadings to correct any defect. See County of Cameron v.

Brown, 80 S.W.3d 549, 555 (Tex. 2002). 

CONCLUSION

With regard to the Department’s mootness argument, we affirm the trial court’s order

denying the Department’s plea to the jurisdiction.

Karen Angelini, Justice