N O T FO R PUB L ICAT IO N UNITED STATES C OUR T OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH C IR C UIT
UNITED STATES OF AM ER IC A,

Pla i ntiff-Appe lle e , v. JOSE GR ANADOS, De fe nda n t-Appe l la

nt. No. 20-10289

D.C . Nos. 4:18-c r-00403-HSG-1 4:18-c r-00403-HSG
M EM O R ANDUM *
Appe a l from

the Unite d

Stat e s Distric t C ourt for the Northe rn Distric t of C a lifornia Haywood S. Gillia

m , Jr., Distric t Judge , Pre siding Argue d a nd Subm itte d Fe brua

ry 9, 2022 San Fran c isc o , C a lifornia B e fore : WARDLAW , IKUTA, a nd B ADE, C irc uit Judge s. Jose Grana dos a

ppe a ls his c onvic tion, following a be nc h tria l , of one c ount of be ing a fe lon in posse ssion of a

fire arm in viola t ion of 18 U.S.C
. § 922(g)(1). W e hav e jurisdic tion unde r 28 U.S.C . § 1291, a nd we a ffirm
. 

# FIL ED MAR 2 2022 M OLLY C. DW Y E R, CLERK U. S. CO URT O F APPEALS

* This disposition is not a ppropria te for public at ion a

nd is not pre c e de nt e xc e pt a s provide d

by Ninth C irc uit R

ule 36-3.The distric t c ourt did not err in de ny ing Gra na dos’ s m otion to suppre ss be c a use , c onside ring the tota lity of the c irc um sta

nc e s, se e Unite d State

s v . Burk e tt , 612 F.3d 1103, 1107 (9th C ir. 2010), theoffic e rs ha d re a sona ble suspic i on tha

t Grana dos wa s arm e d a

nd da nge rous. Offic e r Le a c h wa s c onc e rne d tha t Gra na dos
wa s involve d in a

drug-re l a te d ope ration ba se d on the strong odor of m arijua na
e m anating from Grana d os’ s ve h ic le and Offic e r Le a c h’ s suspic ion tha t Gra na dos
m ay be tra nsporting ille ga l qua

ntitie s for the purpose of se lling, whic h c ontribute s to the re a sona

ble suspic ion tha

t an individual is a

rm e d a nd da nge rous. Se e Unite d State s v . Dav is , 530 F.3d 1069, 1082–83 (9th C ir. 2008). Offic e r Le a c h’ s de te rm i nation, a fte r a

re c ords c he c k, tha

t Gra na dos ha d be e n c onvic te d only two y e ars e arlie r of a

viole nt fe lony

tha t re s ulte d in a

n e ight-y e ar se nte nc e , furthe r
c ontribute d to the offic e rs’ re a s ona ble suspic i on. S

e e Unite d State

s v . C otte rman , 709 F.3d 952, 968 (9th C ir. 2013) (e n ba nc ). B a se d on Offic e r Gom e z ’ s tra ining
and e xpe rie nc e , Grana dos’ s fidge ting a nd re a c hing towa

rds som e thing on the floorboa rd of his ve hic le , ga

ve rise to a

re a sona ble suspic i on tha

t Gra na d os wa s try ing to c onc e a l som e thing suc h a s a we a pon. Se e Thomas v . Dillard , 818 F.3d 864, 877 (9th C ir. 2016). And, finally , ba se d on Offic e r Gle nn’ s tra ining a nd
e xpe rie nc e , the fa c t tha

t Gra na dos “ k e pt looking a

round” and wa s “ swe ating profuse ly ” e ve n though it wa s “ a ve ry c old e ve ning,” and wa s “ rubbing down on
2his le gs a

nd rubbing his ha

nds off on his pa

nts,” indic ate d tha

t Gra na dos m ight be pre p aring to a

tta c k a polic e offic e r. Se e Unite d State s v . Sok olow , 490 U.S. 1, 5, 11 (1989); Unite d State

s v . W ilson , 7 F.3d 828, 834 (9th C ir. 1993). C onside ring tha

t “ whole pic ture ,” Unite d State s v . C orte z , 449 U.S. 411, 417 (1981), a nd with “ a

ppropria te re ga rd for the spe c ific re a sona ble infe re nc e s whic h
an offic e r is e ntitle d to dra w from the fa c ts in light of his or he r e xpe rie nc e ,” Unite d State s v . Brow n , 996 F.3d 998, 1007 (9th C ir. 2021) (c le a n e d up), we
c onc lude tha

t the offic e rs ha d re a sona

ble suspic ion tha

t Gra na dos wa s a

rm e d a nd da nge rous. The distric t c ourt the re fore did not e rr in de ny ing Gra na dos’ s m otion to suppre ss. W e re je c t Gra na dos’ s a rgum e nts tha

t none of the c irc um sta

nc e s pre se nt during these arc h

inde pe nde ntly

support a finding of re a sona

ble suspic i on, be c a

u se the Supre m e C ourt ha s e xpre ssly re je c te d a “ divide -a nd-c onque r ana ly sis” tha

t
e va luate s fa c tors “ in isola t ion from e a c h othe r.” Unite d State s v . Arv i zu , 534 U.S. 266, 274 (2002). AFFIRM E D.

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