II 

110TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 667 

To expand programs of early childhood home visitation that increase school 

readiness, child abuse and neglect prevention, and early identification 

of developmental and health delays, including potential mental health 

concerns, and for other purposes. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

FEBRUARY 16, 2007 

Mr. BOND (for himself and Mrs. CLINTON) introduced the following bill; which 

was read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, 

Labor, and Pensions 

A BILL 

To expand programs of early childhood home visitation that 

increase school readiness, child abuse and neglect prevention, and early identification of developmental and health 

delays, including potential mental health concerns, and 

for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Education Begins at 

5 Home Act’’. 

6 SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE. 

7 (a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds that— 

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1 (1) the home is the first and most important 

2 learning environment for children, and parents are 

3 their children’s first and most influential teacher; 

4 (2) through parent education and family sup5 port, we can promote parents’ ability to enhance 

6 their children’s development from birth until entry 

7 into kindergarten thereby helping parents to prepare 

8 their children for success in school; 

9 (3) undiagnosed and unaddressed develop10 mental and health problems can impede overall child 

11 development and school readiness; 

12 (4) all parents deserve and can benefit from— 

13 (A) research-based information regarding 

14 child development; 

15 (B) enrichment opportunities with their 

16 children; and 

17 (C) early opportunities to become involved 

18 with their community and schools; and 

19 (5) early childhood home visitation leads to 

20 positive outcomes for children and families, including 

21 readiness for school, improved child health and de22 velopment, positive parenting practices, and reduc23 tions in child maltreatment. 

24 (b) PURPOSES.—The purposes of this Act are as fol25 lows: 

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1 (1) To enable States to deliver services under 

2 early childhood home visitation programs to preg3 nant women and parents of children from birth until 

4 entry into kindergarten in order to promote parents’ 

5 ability to support their children’s optimal cognitive, 

6 language, social-emotional, and physical develop7 ment. 

8 (2) To improve Early Head Start programs car9 ried out under section 645A of the Head Start Act 

10 (42 U.S.C. 9840a). 

11 (3) To expand early childhood home visitation 

12 programs so as to more effectively reach and serve 

13 families with English language learners. 

14 (4) To expand early childhood visitation pro15 grams so as to more effectively reach and serve fam16 ilies serving in the military. 

17 (5) To establish a public education and aware18 ness campaign concerning the importance of the 

19 proper care of infants and young children. 

20 (6) To make available for parents of newborn 

21 children parenting classes that convey information 

22 about the importance of proper care for newborns, 

23 including information about symptoms of abusive 

24 head and other injuries. 

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1 SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. 

2 In this Act: 

3 (1) ELIGIBLE FAMILY.—The term ‘‘eligible 

4 family’’ means— 

5 (A) a woman who is pregnant, and the fa6 ther of the child if the father is available; or 

7 (B) a parent or primary caregiver of a 

8 child, including grandparents or other relatives 

9 of the child, and foster parents, who are serving 

10 as the primary caregiver from birth until entry 

11 into kindergarten, including a noncustodial par12 ent during periods in which such noncustodial 

13 parent is physically caring for such child. 

14 (2) HOME VISITATION.—The term ‘‘home visi15 tation’’ means services provided in the permanent or 

16 temporary residence, or in a mutually agreed upon 

17 location in the community, of the individual receiv18 ing such services. 

19 (3) INDIAN TRIBE.—The term ‘‘Indian tribe’’ 

20 has the meaning given such term in section 4(e) of 

21 the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assist22 ance Act (52 U.S.C. 450(b)(e)). 

23 (4) SECRETARY.—Except as provided in section 

24 7, the term ‘‘Secretary’’ means the Secretary of 

25 Health and Human Services. 

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1 (5) STATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ means each of 

2 the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and the 

3 Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. 

4 (6) TERRITORIES AND POSSESSIONS.—The 

5 term ‘‘territories and possessions’’ means American 

6 Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana 

7 Islands, Guam, and the United States Virgin Is8 lands. 

9 (7) TRIBAL ORGANIZATION.—The term ‘‘tribal 

10 organization’’ has the meaning given such term in 

11 section 4(l) of the Indian Self-Determination and 

12 Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 450b(l)). 

13 SEC. 4. STATE GRANTS FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD HOME VISI14 TATION. 

15 (a) AUTHORIZATION.—The Secretary, in collabora16 tion with the Secretary of Education, shall make grants 

17 to States to enable such States to establish or expand 

18 quality programs of early childhood home visitation, as 

19 specified under subsection (f). Each grant shall consist of 

20 the allotment determined for a State under subsection (b). 

21 (b) DETERMINATION OF RESERVATIONS; AMOUNT OF

22 ALLOTMENTS; AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 

23 (1) RESERVATIONS FROM APPROPRIATIONS.— 

24 From the total amount made available to carry out 

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1 this section for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall re2 serve— 

3 (A) 3 percent for an independent evalua4 tion of the activities carried out under this Act, 

5 as specified in section 8; 

6 (B) not more than 3 percent for Federal 

7 administrative costs; 

8 (C) 2 percent for training and technical as9 sistance for States; 

10 (D) not more than 2 percent for payments 

11 to Indian tribes and tribal organizations with 

12 applications approved under this section; and 

13 (E) not more than 0.5 percent for pay14 ments to territories and possessions with appli15 cations approved under this section. 

16 (2) STATE ALLOTMENTS FOR EARLY CHILD17 HOOD HOME VISITATION.— 

18 (A) IN GENERAL.—In accordance with 

19 subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall allot 

20 among each of the eligible States the total 

21 amount made available to carry out this section 

22 for any fiscal year and not reserved under para23 graph (1), to carry out early childhood home 

24 visitation in accordance with this section. 

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1 (B) DETERMINATION OF STATE ALLOT2 MENTS.— 

3 (i) IN GENERAL.—Subject to clause 

4 (ii), the Secretary shall allot the amount 

5 made available under subparagraph (A) for 

6 a fiscal year among the States in propor7 tion to the number of children, aged from 

8 birth to 5 years, who reside within the 

9 State, compared to the number of such in10 dividuals who reside in all such States for 

11 that fiscal year. 

12 (ii) EXCEPTION.—No State receiving 

13 an allotment under clause (i) may receive 

14 more than $20,000,000. 

15 (3) INDIAN TRIBES, TRIBAL ORGANIZATIONS, 

16 TERRITORIES AND POSSESSIONS.— 

17 (A) INDIAN TRIBES AND TRIBAL ORGANI18 ZATIONS.—From amounts reserved for each fis19 cal year under paragraph (1)(D), the Secretary 

20 shall make payments to each Indian tribe or 

21 tribal organizations with an application ap22 proved under this section in an amount deter23 mined in accordance with the respective needs 

24 described in the application. 

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1 (B) TERRITORIES AND POSSESSIONS.— 

2 From amounts reserved for each fiscal year 

3 under paragraph (1)(E), the Secretary shall 

4 make payments to each territory and possession 

5 with an application approved under this section 

6 in an amount determined in accordance with 

7 the respective needs described in the applica8 tion. 

9 (4) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 

10 There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out 

11 this section $400,000,000 for the period of fiscal 

12 years 2008 through 2010. 

13 (c) GRANT APPLICATIONS.— 

14 (1) STATE APPLICATIONS.—A State that de15 sires to receive a grant under this section shall sub16 mit an application to the Secretary at such time, in 

17 such manner, and containing such information as 

18 the Secretary may require. The application shall 

19 contain the following information: 

20 (A) An assurance that the Governor of the 

21 State has designated a lead State agency, such 

22 as the State educational agency or the State 

23 health and human services agency, to carry out 

24 the activities under this section. 

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1 (B) An assurance that the State will re2 serve 3 percent of such grant for evaluation and 

3 will participate in the independent evaluation 

4 under section 8. 

5 (C) An assurance that the State will re6 serve 10 percent of the grant funds for training 

7 and technical assistance of staff of programs of 

8 early childhood home visitation. 

9 (D) An assurance that the State will au10 thorize child care resource and referral agencies 

11 to refer parents seeking home visitation serv12 ices. 

13 (E) The results of a statewide needs as14 sessment that describes— 

15 (i) the quality and capacity of existing 

16 programs of early childhood home visita17 tion in the State; 

18 (ii) the number and types of eligible 

19 families who are receiving services under 

20 such programs; and 

21 (iii) the gaps in early childhood home 

22 visitation in the State. 

23 (F) A State plan containing the following: 

24 (i) A description of the State’s strat25 egy to establish or expand quality promstockstill on PROD1PC66 with BILLS

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1 grams of early childhood home visitation to 

2 serve all eligible families in the State. 

3 (ii) A description of the quality pro4 grams of early childhood home visitation 

5 that will be supported by a grant under 

6 this section. 

7 (iii) A description of how the proposed 

8 program of early childhood home visitation 

9 will promote positive parenting skills and 

10 children’s early learning and development. 

11 (iv) A description of how the proposed 

12 program of early childhood home visitation 

13 will incorporate the authorized activities 

14 described in subsection (f). 

15 (v) How the lead State agency will 

16 build on and promote coordination among 

17 existing programs of early childhood home 

18 visitation in an effort to promote an array 

19 of home visitation that ensures more eligi20 ble families are being served and are get21 ting the most appropriate services to meet 

22 their needs. 

23 (vi) How the lead State agency will 

24 promote channels of communication be25 tween staff of programs of early childhood 

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1 home visitation and staff of other early 

2 childhood education programs, such as 

3 Head Start programs carried out under 

4 the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9831 et 

5 seq.) and Early Head Start programs car6 ried out under section 645A of such Act, 

7 preschool programs, and child care pro8 grams, to facilitate the coordination of 

9 services for eligible families. 

10 (vii) How the lead State agency will 

11 provide training and technical assistance to 

12 staff of programs of early childhood home 

13 visitation involved in activities under this 

14 section to more effectively meet the needs 

15 of the eligible families served with sensi16 tivity to cultural variations in parenting 

17 norms and attitudes toward formal support 

18 services. 

19 (viii) How the lead State agency will 

20 evaluate the activities supported under this 

21 section in order to demonstrate outcomes 

22 related to the enhancement of— 

23 (I) parent knowledge of early 

24 learning and development; 

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1 (II) child health, cognitive, lan2 guage, social-emotional, and physical 

3 development indicators; 

4 (III) child maltreatment indica5 tors for child abuse and neglect pre6 vention; 

7 (IV) school readiness indicators; 

8 and 

9 (V) links to community services. 

10 (ix) A description of how the lead 

11 State agency will ensure that the home vis12 itation programs will conduct outreach ac13 tivities to target both mothers and fathers, 

14 and increase father involvement where ap15 propriate. 

16 (x) A description of how the lead 

17 State agency will increase home visitation 

18 programs participation rates for fathers. 

19 (xi) A description of how the lead 

20 State agency will ensure that services are 

21 made available under the program to 

22 grandparents, other relatives or foster par23 ents, of a child from birth through age 5 

24 who serve as the primary caregiver of the 

25 child. 

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1 (G) Such other information as the Sec2 retary may require. 

3 (2) INDIAN TRIBES, TRIBAL ORGANIZATIONS, 

4 TERRITORIES AND POSSESSIONS.— 

5 (A) IN GENERAL.—An Indian tribe, tribal 

6 organization, territory, or possession that de7 sires to receive a grant under this section shall 

8 submit an application to the Secretary at such 

9 time, in such manner, and containing such in10 formation as the Secretary may require. The 

11 application shall contain the information de12 scribed in paragraph (1) with respect to the ap13 plicant entity. 

14 (B) APPROVAL.—The Secretary may ap15 prove an application submitted under subpara16 graph (A) based on the quality of the informa17 tion contained in the application. 

18 (C) EXEMPTIONS.—The Secretary may ex19 empt an applicant under subparagraph (A) 

20 from any requirement of this section if the Sec21 retary determines that the application of such 

22 requirements would be inappropriate taking 

23 into consideration the resources, needs, and 

24 other circumstances of the applicant entity. 

25 This subparagraph shall not apply to the remstockstill on PROD1PC66 with BILLS

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1 quirements described in subsections (f)(1) and 

2 (h). 

3 (d) APPROVAL OF APPLICATIONS.— 

4 (1) RECOMMENDATION OF PANEL.— 

5 (A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall ap6 prove an application under this section based on 

7 the recommendations of a peer review panel, as 

8 described in paragraph (2). 

9 (B) SELECTION CRITERIA.—A peer review 

10 panel shall determine which applicants to rec11 ommend for approval, for purposes of subpara12 graph (A), based on the quality of the applica13 tion submitted. Consideration shall be given by 

14 the panel to the inclusion of applicants, to the 

15 extent practicable, that have the ability to in16 corporate comparison or control groups in their 

17 service deliver model, recognizing that universal 

18 access to home visitation services, among other 

19 factors, may prevent some quality programs 

20 from conducting such evaluation. 

21 (2) PEER REVIEW PANEL.—The peer review 

22 panel shall include not less than— 

23 (A) 3 individuals who are experts in the 

24 field of home visitation; 

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1 (B) 2 individuals who are experts in early 

2 childhood development; 

3 (C) 1 individual with experience imple4 menting a statewide program of early childhood 

5 home visitation; 

6 (D) 1 individual who is a board certified 

7 pediatrician or a developmental pediatrician; 

8 and 

9 (E) 1 individual with experience in admin10 istering public or private (including community11 based) child maltreatment prevention programs. 

12 (e) DURATION OF GRANTS.—Grants made under this 

13 section shall be for a period of no more than 3 years. 

14 (f) STATE USES OF FUNDS.—Each State that re15 ceives a grant under this section shall— 

16 (1) provide to as many eligible families in the 

17 State as practicable, voluntary early childhood home 

18 visitation, on not less frequently than a monthly 

19 basis with greater frequency of services for those eli20 gible families identified with additional needs, 

21 through the implementation of quality programs of 

22 early childhood home visitation that— 

23 (A) adopts a clear, consistent model that is 

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1 lated to home visiting and linked to program2 determined outcomes; 

3 (B) employs well-trained and competent 

4 staff, as demonstrated by education or training, 

5 and the provision of ongoing and specific train6 ing on the model being delivered; 

7 (C) maintains high quality supervision to 

8 establish home visitor competencies; 

9 (D) demonstrates strong organizational ca10 pacity to implement the program involved; 

11 (E) establishes appropriate linkages and 

12 referral networks to other community resources 

13 and supports; 

14 (F) monitors fidelity of program implemen15 tation to ensure that services are delivered pur16 suant to the specified model; 

17 (G) are research-based, that provide par18 ents with— 

19 (i) knowledge of age appropriate child 

20 development in cognitive, language, social21 emotional, and motor domains; 

22 (ii) knowledge of realistic expectations 

23 of age-appropriate child behaviors; 

24 (iii) knowledge of health and wellness 

25 issues for children and parents; 

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1 (iv) modeling and consulting services 

2 related to parenting; 

3 (v) skills to interact with their child to 

4 enhance age-appropriate development; 

5 (vi) skills to recognize and seek help 

6 for health issues and developmental delays, 

7 and social, emotional, and behavioral skills; 

8 (vii) activities designed to help par9 ents become full partners in the education 

10 of their children; and 

11 (viii) relevant information, consistent 

12 with State child welfare agency training, 

13 concerning child welfare and protective 

14 services resources if appropriate; 

15 (H) ascertain which developmental services 

16 the family receives and work with service pro17 viders to eliminate gaps in services by offering 

18 annual health, vision, hearing, and develop19 mental screening for children from birth until 

20 entry into kindergarten, when not otherwise 

21 provided; 

22 (I) provide referrals for eligible families, as 

23 needed, to additional resources available in the 

24 community, such as center-based early edu25 cation programs, child care services, health or 

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1 mental health services, family literacy pro2 grams, employment agencies, social services, 

3 and child care resource and referral agencies; 

4 (J) offer group meetings (at the discretion 

5 of the program involved) for eligible families 

6 that— 

7 (i) further enhance the information, 

8 activities, and skill-building addressed dur9 ing home visitation; and 

10 (ii) offer opportunities for parents to 

11 meet with and support each other; 

12 (K) reserve 10 percent of the grant funds 

13 to provide training and technical assistance, di14 rectly or through contract, to early childhood 

15 home visitation and early childhood care and 

16 education staff relating to— 

17 (i) effective methods of conducting 

18 parent education, home visiting, and pro19 moting quality early childhood develop20 ment; 

21 (ii) the relationship of health and 

22 well-being of pregnant women to prenatal 

23 and early childhood development; 

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1 (iii) early childhood development with 

2 respect to children from birth until entry 

3 into kindergarten; 

4 (iv) methods to help parents promote 

5 emergent literacy in their children from 

6 birth until entry into kindergarten; 

7 (v) health, vision, hearing, and devel8 opmental screenings; 

9 (vi) strategies for helping eligible fam10 ilies with special needs or those eligible 

11 families coping with crisis; 

12 (vii) recruiting, supervising, and re13 taining qualified staff; 

14 (viii) increasing services for under15 served populations; 

16 (ix) methods to help parents effec17 tively respond to their children’s needs and 

18 behaviors; and 

19 (x) implementation of ongoing pro20 gram quality improvement and evaluation 

21 of activities and outcomes; 

22 (L) ensure coordination of programs of 

23 early childhood home visitation, early childhood 

24 education and care, and early intervention, 

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1 through an existing or created State-level early 

2 childhood coordinating body that includes— 

3 (i) representatives from relevant State 

4 agencies, including the State agency re5 sponsible for carrying out the plan under 

6 section 106 of the Child Abuse Prevention 

7 and Treatment Act; 

8 (ii) representatives from State Head 

9 Start Associations; 

10 (iii) the State official with responsi11 bility for carrying out activities under part 

12 C of the Individuals with Disabilities Edu13 cation Act (20 U.S.C. 1431 et seq.); 

14 (iv) the State official with responsi15 bility for carrying out activities under sec16 tion 619 of the Individuals with Disabil17 ities Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1419); 

18 (v) representatives from child care re19 source and referral State offices; 

20 (vi) representatives from quality pro21 grams of early childhood home visitation; 

22 and 

23 (vii) a board certified pediatrician or a 

24 developmental pediatrician; and 

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1 (M) not expend more than 5 percent of the 

2 amount of grant funds received under this sec3 tion for the administration of the grant, includ4 ing planning, administration, evaluation, and 

5 annual reporting. 

6 (g) MAINTENANCE OF EFFORT.—A State is entitled 

7 to receive its full allotment of funds under this section for 

8 any fiscal year if the Secretary finds that the aggregate 

9 expenditures within the State for quality programs of 

10 early childhood home visitation, for the fiscal year pre11 ceding the fiscal year for which the determination is made 

12 was not less than 100 percent of such aggregate expendi13 tures for the second fiscal year preceding the fiscal year 

14 for which the determination is made. 

15 (h) REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.—Each State that 

16 receives a grant under this section shall submit an annual 

17 report to the Secretary regarding the State’s progress in 

18 addressing the purposes of this Act. Such report shall in19 clude, at a minimum, a description of— 

20 (1) the actual services delivered under the 

21 grant, including— 

22 (A) the program characteristics, including 

23 descriptive information on the service models 

24 used and the actual program performance; 

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1 (B) the characteristics of the providers in2 volved, including staff qualifications, work expe3 rience, and demographic characteristics; and 

4 (C) the characteristics of the recipient of 

5 services under the program, including the num6 ber of recipients, their demographic characteris7 tics, and family retention; 

8 (2) recipient outcomes that are consistent with 

9 program goals, including, where appropriate based 

10 on the outcomes being evaluated a description of— 

11 (A) affected parental practices; 

12 (B) child health, cognitive, language, so13 cial-emotional, and physical developmental indi14 cators; 

15 (C) child maltreatment indicators, includ16 ing prevention strategies; 

17 (D) school readiness indicators; and 

18 (E) links to community services; 

19 (3) the research-based instruction, materials, 

20 and activities being used in the activities funded 

21 under the grant; 

22 (4) the effectiveness of the training and ongoing 

23 professional development provided— 

24 (A) to staff supported under the grant; 

25 and 

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1 (B) to the broader early childhood commu2 nity; 

3 (5) beginning at the end of the second year of 

4 the grant, the results of evaluations described in 

5 subsection (c)(4)(G); and 

6 (6) the annual program implementation costs, 

7 including the cost for each family served under the 

8 program. 

9 SEC. 5. STRENGTHENING EARLY HEAD START HOME VISI10 TATION. 

11 Section 645A of the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 

12 9840a) is amended— 

13 (1) in subsection (b)— 

14 (A) in paragraph (4), by striking ‘‘provide 

15 services to parents to support their role as par16 ents’’ and inserting ‘‘provide additional services 

17 to parents to support their role as parents (in18 cluding training in parenting skills, basic child 

19 development, and sensitivity to cultural vari20 ations in parenting norms and attitudes toward 

21 formal supports)’’; 

22 (B) in paragraph (5)— 

23 (i) by inserting ‘‘(including home24 based services)’’ after ‘‘with services’’; and 

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1 (ii) by inserting ‘‘, and family support 

2 services’’ after ‘‘health services’’; 

3 (C) by redesignating paragraphs (7), (8), 

4 and (9) as paragraphs (9), (10), and (11), re5 spectively; and 

6 (D) by inserting after paragraph (6) the 

7 following: 

8 ‘‘(7) develop and implement a systematic proce9 dure for transitioning children and parents from an 

10 Early Head Start program into a Head Start pro11 gram or another local early childhood education pro12 gram; 

13 ‘‘(8) establish channels of communication be14 tween staff of Early Head Start programs and staff 

15 of Head Start programs or other local early child16 hood education programs, to facilitate the coordina17 tion of programs;’’; 

18 (2) in subsection (g)(2)(B), by striking clause 

19 (iv) and inserting the following: 

20 ‘‘(iv) providing professional develop21 ment and personnel enhancement activi22 ties, including the provision of funds to re23 cipients of grants under subsection (a), re24 lating to effective methods of conducting 

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1 moting quality early childhood develop2 ment.’’; and 

3 (3) by adding at the end the following: 

4 ‘‘(h) STAFF QUALIFICATIONS AND DEVELOPMENT.— 

5 ‘‘(1) HOME VISITOR STAFF.— 

6 ‘‘(A) STANDARDS.—In order to further en7 hance the quality of home visiting services pro8 vided to families of children participating in 

9 home-based, center-based, or combination pro10 gram options under this subchapter, the Sec11 retary shall establish standards for training, 

12 qualifications, and the conduct of home visits 

13 for home visitor staff in Early Head Start pro14 grams. 

15 ‘‘(B) CONTENTS.—The standards for 

16 training, qualifications, and the conduct of 

17 home visits shall include content related to— 

18 ‘‘(i) structured child-focused home vis19 iting that promotes parents’ ability to sup20 port the child’s cognitive, social, emotional, 

21 and physical development; 

22 ‘‘(ii) effective strengths-based parent 

23 education, including methods to encourage 

24 parents as their child’s first teachers; 

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1 ‘‘(iii) early childhood development 

2 with respect to children from birth through 

3 age 3; 

4 ‘‘(iv) methods to help parents promote 

5 emergent literacy in their children from 

6 birth through age 3; 

7 ‘‘(v) ascertaining what health and de8 velopmental services the family involved re9 ceives and working with the service pro10 viders to eliminate gaps in services by of11 fering annual health, vision, hearing, and 

12 developmental screenings for children from 

13 birth through entry into kindergarten, 

14 when needed; 

15 ‘‘(vi) strategies for helping families 

16 coping with crisis; and 

17 ‘‘(vii) the relationship of health and 

18 well-being of pregnant women to prenatal 

19 and early child development.’’. 

20 SEC. 6. TARGETED GRANTS FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD HOME 

21 VISITATION FOR FAMILIES WITH ENGLISH 

22 LANGUAGE LEARNERS. 

23 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in collaboration 

24 with the Secretary of Education, shall make grants, on 

25 a competitive basis, to eligible applicants to enable such 

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1 applicants to support and expand local efforts to deliver 

2 services under quality programs of early childhood home 

3 visitation, to eligible families with English language learn4 ers. 

5 (b) ELIGIBLE APPLICANT.—In this section, the term 

6 ‘‘eligible applicant’’ means— 

7 (1) 1 or more local educational agencies (as de8 fined in section 9101 of the Elementary and Sec9 ondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801)); 

10 and 

11 (2) 1 or more public or private community12 based organizations or agencies that serve eligible 

13 families and are capable of establishing and imple14 menting programs of early childhood home visita15 tion. 

16 (c) APPLICATIONS.—An eligible applicant that de17 sires to receive a grant under this section shall submit an 

18 application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, 

19 and containing such information as the Secretary may re20 quire. The application shall include a description of— 

21 (1) the results of a community wide needs as22 sessment that describes— 

23 (A) community demographics dem24 onstrating the need for outreach and services to 

25 eligible families with English language learners; 

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1 (B) the quality, capacity, and existing pro2 grams of early childhood home visitation for eli3 gible families with English language learners; 

4 (C) the gaps in programs of early child5 hood home visitation for eligible families with 

6 English language learners; and 

7 (D) the type of program of early childhood 

8 home visitation necessary to address the gaps 

9 identified; 

10 (2) the program of early childhood home visita11 tion that will be supported by the grant under this 

12 section; 

13 (3) how the proposed program of early child14 hood home visitation will promote positive parenting 

15 skills and children’s early learning and development; 

16 (4) how the proposed program of early child17 hood home visitation will incorporate the authorized 

18 activities described in subsection (f); 

19 (5) how services provided through a grant 

20 under this section will use materials that are geared 

21 toward eligible families with English language learn22 ers; 

23 (6) how the activities under this section will 

24 build upon and promote coordination among existing 

25 programs of early childhood home visitation, if such 

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1 programs exist in the community, in an effort to 

2 promote an array of home visitation that ensures 

3 more eligible families with English language learners 

4 are being served and are getting the most appro5 priate services to meet their needs; 

6 (7) how the program will ensure that— 

7 (A) eligible families with English language 

8 learners are linked to schools; and 

9 (B) the activities under this section will 

10 support the preparation of children for school; 

11 (8) how channels of communication will be es12 tablished between staff of programs of early child13 hood home visitation and staff of other early child14 hood education programs, such as Head Start pro15 grams carried out under the Head Start Act (42 

16 U.S.C. 9831 et seq.) and Early Head Start pro17 grams carried out under section 645A of such Act, 

18 preschool programs, and child care programs, to fa19 cilitate the coordination of services for eligible fami20 lies with English language learners; 

21 (9) how eligible families with English language 

22 learners will be recruited and retained to receive 

23 services under this section; 

24 (10) how training and technical assistance will 

25 help the staff of programs of early childhood home 

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1 visitation involved in activities under this section to 

2 more effectively serve eligible families with English 

3 language learners; 

4 (11) how the eligible applicant will evaluate the 

5 activities supported under this section in order to 

6 demonstrate outcomes related to the— 

7 (A) increase in number of eligible families 

8 with English language learners served by pro9 grams of early childhood home visitation; 

10 (B) enhancement of participating parents’ 

11 knowledge of early learning and development; 

12 (C) enhancement of positive parenting 

13 practices related to early learning and develop14 ment; and 

15 (D) enhancement of children’s cognitive, 

16 language, social-emotional, and physical devel17 opment; and 

18 (12) such other information as the Secretary 

19 may require. 

20 (d) APPROVAL OF APPLICATIONS.— 

21 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall select 

22 applicants for funding under this section based on 

23 the quality of the applications and the recommenda24 tions of a peer review panel, as described in para25 graph (2). 

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1 (2) PEER REVIEW PANEL.—The peer review 

2 panel shall include not less than— 

3 (A) 2 individuals who are experts in the 

4 field of home visitation; 

5 (B) 2 individuals who are experts in early 

6 childhood development; 

7 (C) 2 individuals who are experts in serv8 ing eligible families with English language 

9 learners; 

10 (D) 1 individual who is a board certified 

11 pediatrician or a developmental pediatrician; 

12 and 

13 (E) 1 individual with experience in admin14 istering public or private (including community15 based) child maltreatment prevention programs. 

16 (e) DURATION OF GRANTS.—Grants made under this 

17 section shall be for a period of no more than 3 years. 

18 (f) AUTHORIZED ACTIVITIES.—Each eligible appli19 cant that receives a grant under this section shall carry 

20 out the following activities: 

21 (1) Providing to as many eligible families with 

22 English language learners as practicable, voluntary 

23 early childhood home visitation, on not less fre24 quently than a monthly basis, through the imple25 mentation of other quality programs of early childmstockstill on PROD1PC66 with BILLS

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1 hood home visitation that are research-based, that 

2 provide parents with— 

3 (A) knowledge of age appropriate child de4 velopment in cognitive, language, social-emo5 tional, and motor domains; 

6 (B) knowledge of realistic expectations of 

7 age-appropriate child behaviors; 

8 (C) knowledge of health and wellness 

9 issues for children and parents; 

10 (D) modeling, consulting, and coaching on 

11 parenting practices; 

12 (E) skills to interact with their child to en13 hance age-appropriate development; 

14 (F) skills to recognize and seek help for 

15 health issues and developmental delays, and so16 cial, emotional, and behavioral skills; and 

17 (G) activities designed to help parents be18 come full partners in the education of their chil19 dren. 

20 (2) Activities to ascertain what health and de21 velopmental services families receive and working 

22 with service providers to eliminate gaps in service by 

23 offering an annual health, vision, hearing, and devel24 opmental screening for children from birth through 

25 their entry into kindergarten. 

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1 (3) Providing referrals for participating eligible 

2 families with English language learners, as needed, 

3 to additional resources available in the community, 

4 such as center-based early education programs, child 

5 care services, health or mental health services, fam6 ily literacy programs, employment agencies, social 

7 services, and child care resource and referral agen8 cies. 

9 (4) Offering group meetings (at program dis10 cretion), on not less frequently than a monthly basis, 

11 for eligible families with English language learners 

12 that— 

13 (A) further enhance the information, ac14 tivities, and skill-building addressed during 

15 home visitation; 

16 (B) offer opportunities for parents to meet 

17 with and support each other; and 

18 (C) address challenges facing eligible fami19 lies with English language learners. 

20 (5) Providing training and technical assistance 

21 to early childhood home visitation and early child22 hood care and education staff relating to— 

23 (A) effective service to eligible families 

24 with English language learners, including skills 

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1 to address challenges facing English language 

2 learners; 

3 (B) effective methods of implementing par4 ent education, conducting home visitation, and 

5 promoting quality early childhood development, 

6 with sensitivity to cultural variations in par7 enting norms and attitudes toward formal sup8 port services; 

9 (C) the relationship of health and well10 being of pregnant women to prenatal and early 

11 child development; 

12 (D) early childhood development with re13 spect to children from birth until entry into kin14 dergarten; 

15 (E) methods to help parents promote 

16 emergent literacy in their children from birth 

17 until entry into kindergarten; 

18 (F) implementing strategies for helping eli19 gible families with English language learners 

20 coping with a crisis; 

21 (G) recruiting, supervising, and retaining 

22 qualified staff; 

23 (H) increasing services for underserved eli24 gible families with English language learners; 

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1 (I) methods to help parents effectively re2 spond to their children’s needs and behaviors; 

3 and 

4 (J) implementation of ongoing program 

5 quality improvement and evaluation of activities 

6 and outcomes. 

7 (6) Coordinating existing programs of early 

8 childhood home visitation in order to effectively and 

9 efficiently meet the needs of more eligible families 

10 with English language learners. 

11 (g) REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.—The recipient of a 

12 grant under this section shall submit to the Secretary an 

13 annual report concerning the progress of the program con14 ducted by the recipient in addressing the purposes of this 

15 Act. Each such report shall, at a minimum, include a de16 scription of— 

17 (1) the actual service delivery provided for 

18 under the grant, including— 

19 (A) program characteristics that include 

20 descriptive information on the service model 

21 used under the program and actual program 

22 performance; 

23 (B) the characteristics of service providers 

24 under the program that include staff qualificamstockstill on PROD1PC66 with BILLS

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1 tions, work experience, and demographic char2 acteristics; 

3 (C) the characteristics of recipients of serv4 ices under the program that include the num5 ber, demographic characteristics, and family re6 tention under the program; and 

7 (D) an estimate of the annual program im8 plementation costs; 

9 (2) with respect to recipients of services under 

10 the program, whether such services were provided in 

11 a manner consistent with program goals including, 

12 where appropriate— 

13 (A) parental practices; 

14 (B) child health and development indica15 tors; 

16 (C) child maltreatment indicators; 

17 (D) school readiness indicators; and 

18 (E) links to community services; 

19 (3) the research-based instruction, materials, 

20 and activities being used in the activities conducted 

21 under the program; and 

22 (4) the effectiveness of the training and ongoing 

23 professional development provided— 

24 (A) to the staff supported under the pro25 gram; and 

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1 (B) to the affected early childhood commu2 nity. 

3 (h) SUPPLEMENT NOT SUPPLANT.—Grant funds 

4 provided under this section shall be used to supplement, 

5 and not supplant, Federal and non-Federal funds available 

6 for carrying out the activities described in this section. 

7 (i) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 

8 authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 

9 $50,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2008 through 

10 2010. 

11 SEC. 7. TARGETED GRANTS FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD HOME 

12 VISITATION FOR MILITARY FAMILIES. 

13 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense, in col14 laboration with the Secretary of Education, shall make 

15 grants, on a competitive basis, to eligible applicants to en16 able such applicants to support and expand efforts to de17 liver services under quality programs of early childhood 

18 home visitation, to eligible families with a family member 

19 in the Armed Forces. 

20 (b) ELIGIBLE APPLICANT.—In this section, the term 

21 ‘‘eligible applicant’’ means any of the following: 

22 (1) A local educational agency that receives 

23 payments under title VIII of the Elementary and 

24 Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7701 

25 et seq.). 

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1 (2) A school of the defense dependents’ edu2 cation system under the Defense Dependents’ Edu3 cation Act of 1978 (20 U.S.C. 921 et seq.). 

4 (3) A school established under section 2164 of 

5 title 10, United States Code. 

6 (4) A community-based organization serving 

7 families with a family member in the Armed Forces. 

8 (c) APPLICATIONS.—An eligible applicant that de9 sires to receive a grant under this section shall submit an 

10 application to the Secretary of Defense at such time, in 

11 such manner, and containing such information as the Sec12 retary of Defense may require. The application shall in13 clude a description of— 

14 (1) the results of a community wide needs as15 sessment that describes— 

16 (A) community demographics dem17 onstrating the need for outreach and services to 

18 eligible families with a family member in the 

19 Armed Forces; 

20 (B) the quality, capacity, and existing pro21 grams of early childhood home visitation for eli22 gible families with a family member in the 

23 Armed Forces; 

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1 (C) the gaps in programs of early child2 hood home visitation for eligible families with a 

3 family member in the Armed Forces; and 

4 (D) the type of program of early childhood 

5 home visitation necessary to address the gaps 

6 identified; 

7 (2) the program of early childhood home visita8 tion that will be supported by the grant under this 

9 section; 

10 (3) how the proposed program of early child11 hood home visitation will promote positive parenting 

12 skills and children’s early learning and development; 

13 (4) how the proposed program of early child14 hood home visitation will incorporate the authorized 

15 activities described in subsection (f); 

16 (5) how services provided through a grant 

17 under this section will use materials that are geared 

18 toward eligible families with a family member in the 

19 Armed Forces; 

20 (6) how the activities under this section will 

21 build on and promote coordination with existing pro22 grams of early childhood home visitation, if such 

23 programs exist in the community, in an effort to 

24 promote an array of home visitation that ensures 

25 more eligible families with a family member in the 

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1 Armed Forces are being served and are getting the 

2 most appropriate services to meet their needs; 

3 (7) how the program will ensure that— 

4 (A) eligible families with a family member 

5 in the Armed Forces are linked to schools; and 

6 (B) the activities under this section will 

7 support the preparation of children for school; 

8 (8) how channels of communication will be es9 tablished between staff of programs of early child10 hood home visitation and staff of other early child11 hood education programs, such as Head State pro12 grams carried out under the Head Start Act (42 

13 U.S.C. 9831 et seq.) and Early Health State pro14 grams carried out under section 645A of such Act, 

15 preschool programs, family support programs, and 

16 child care programs, to facilitate the coordination of 

17 services for eligible families with a family member in 

18 the Armed Forces; 

19 (9) how eligible families with a family member 

20 in the Armed Forces will be recruited and retained 

21 to receive services under this section; 

22 (10) how training and technical assistance will 

23 help staff of programs of early childhood home visi24 tation involved in activities under this section to 

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1 more effectively serve eligible families with a family 

2 member in the Armed Forces; 

3 (11) how the eligible applicant will evaluate the 

4 activities supported under this section in order to 

5 demonstrate outcomes related to the— 

6 (A) increase in number of eligible families 

7 with a family member in the Armed Forces 

8 served by programs of early childhood home vis9 itation; 

10 (B) enhancement of participating parents’ 

11 knowledge of early learning and development; 

12 (C) enhancement of positive parenting 

13 practices related to early learning and develop14 ment; and 

15 (D) enhancement of children’s cognitive, 

16 language, social-emotional, and physical devel17 opment; and 

18 (12) such other information as the Secretary of 

19 Defense may require. 

20 (d) APPROVAL OF LOCAL APPLICATIONS.— 

21 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense 

22 shall select applicants for funding under this section 

23 based on the quality of the applications and the rec24 ommendations of a peer review panel, as described 

25 in paragraph (2). 

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1 (2) PEER REVIEW PANEL.—The peer review 

2 panel shall include not less than— 

3 (A) 2 individuals who are experts in the 

4 field of home visitation; 

5 (B) 2 individuals who are experts in early 

6 childhood development; 

7 (C) 2 individuals who are experts in family 

8 support for military families; 

9 (D) 1 individual who is a board certified 

10 pediatrician; and 

11 (E) 1 individual with expertise in admin12 istering public or private (including community13 based) child maltreatment prevention programs; 

14 and 

15 (e) DURATION OF GRANTS.—Grants made under this 

16 section shall be for a period of no more than 3 years. 

17 (f) AUTHORIZED ACTIVITIES.—Each eligible appli18 cant that receives a grant under this section shall carry 

19 out the following activities: 

20 (1) Providing to as many eligible families with 

21 a family member in the Armed Forces as prac22 ticable, voluntary early childhood home visitation, on 

23 not less frequently than a monthly basis, through 

24 the implementation of quality programs of early 

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1 childhood home visitation that are research-based, 

2 that provide parents with— 

3 (A) knowledge of age appropriate child de4 velopment in cognitive, language, social-emo5 tional, and motor domains; 

6 (B) knowledge of realistic expectations of 

7 age-appropriate child behaviors; 

8 (C) knowledge of health and wellness 

9 issues for children and parents; 

10 (D) modeling, consulting, and coaching on 

11 parenting practices; 

12 (E) skills to interact with their child to en13 hance age-appropriate development; 

14 (F) skills to recognize and seek help for 

15 health issues and developmental delays, and so16 cial, emotional, and behavioral skills; and 

17 (G) activities designed to help parents be18 come full partners in the education of their chil19 dren. 

20 (2) Ascertaining what health and development 

21 services the family receives under the program and 

22 working with service providers to eliminate gaps in 

23 service by offering annual health, vision, hearing, 

24 and developmental screening for participating chil25 dren. 

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1 (3) Providing referrals for participating eligible 

2 families with a family member in the Armed Forces, 

3 as needed, to additional resources available in the 

4 community, such as center-based early education 

5 programs, child care services, health or mental 

6 health services, family literacy programs, employ7 ment agencies, social services, and child care re8 source and referral agencies. 

9 (4) Offering group meetings (at the discretion 

10 of the program), on not less frequently than a 

11 monthly basis, for eligible families with a family 

12 member in the Armed Forces that— 

13 (A) further enhance the information, ac14 tivities, and skill-building addressed during 

15 home visitation; 

16 (B) offer opportunities for parents to meet 

17 with and support each other; and 

18 (C) address challenges facing eligible fami19 lies with a family member in the Armed Forces. 

20 (5) Providing training and technical assistance 

21 to early childhood home visitation and early child22 hood care and education staff relating to— 

23 (A) effective service to eligible families 

24 with a family member in the Armed Forces; 

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1 (B) effective methods of conducting parent 

2 education, home visiting, and promoting quality 

3 early childhood development, with sensitivity to 

4 cultural variations in parenting norms and atti5 tudes toward formal support services; 

6 (C) the relationship of health and well7 being of pregnant women to prenatal and early 

8 child development; 

9 (D) early childhood development with re10 spect to children from birth until entry into kin11 dergarten; 

12 (E) methods to help parents promote 

13 emergent literacy in their children from birth 

14 until entry into kindergarten; 

15 (F) implementing strategies for helping eli16 gible families with a family member in the 

17 Armed Forces coping with crisis; 

18 (G) recruiting, supervising, and retaining 

19 qualified staff; 

20 (H) increasing services for underserved eli21 gible families with a family member in the 

22 Armed Forces; 

23 (I) methods to help parents effectively re24 spond to their children’s needs and behaviors; 

25 and 

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1 (J) implementation of ongoing program 

2 quality improvement and evaluation of activities 

3 and outcomes. 

4 (6) Coordinating existing programs of early 

5 childhood home visitation in order to effectively and 

6 efficiently meet the needs of more eligible families 

7 with a family member in the Armed Forces. 

8 (g) REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.—The recipient of a 

9 grant under this section shall submit to the Secretary an 

10 annual report concerning the progress of the program con11 ducted by the recipient in addressing the purposes of this 

12 Act. Each such report shall, at a minimum, include a de13 scription of— 

14 (1) the actual service delivery provided for 

15 under the grant, including— 

16 (A) program characteristics that include 

17 descriptive information on the service model 

18 used under the program and actual program 

19 performance; 

20 (B) the characteristics of service providers 

21 under the program that include staff qualifica22 tions, work experience, and demographic char23 acteristics; 

24 (C) the characteristics of recipients of serv25 ices under the program that include the nummstockstill on PROD1PC66 with BILLS

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1 ber, demographic characteristics, and family re2 tention under the program; and 

3 (D) an estimate of the annual program im4 plementation costs; 

5 (2) with respect to recipients of services under 

6 the program, whether such services were provided in 

7 a manner consistent with program goals including, 

8 where appropriate— 

9 (A) parental practices; 

10 (B) child health and development indica11 tors; 

12 (C) child maltreatment indicators; 

13 (D) school readiness indicators; and 

14 (E) links to community services; 

15 (3) the research-based instruction, materials, 

16 and activities being used in the activities conducted 

17 under the program; and 

18 (4) the effectiveness of the training and ongoing 

19 professional development provided— 

20 (A) to the staff supported under the pro21 gram; and 

22 (B) to the affected early childhood commu23 nity. 

24 (h) SUPPLEMENT NOT SUPPLANT.—Grant funds 

25 provided under this section shall be used to supplement, 

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1 and not supplant, Federal and non-Federal funds available 

2 for carrying out the activities described in this section. 

3 (i) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 

4 authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 

5 $50,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2008 through 

6 2010. 

7 SEC. 8. EVALUATION. 

8 (a) IN GENERAL.—From funds reserved under sec9 tion 6(b)(1)(A), the Secretary shall conduct an inde10 pendent evaluation of the effectiveness of this Act. 

11 (b) REPORTS.— 

12 (1) INTERIM REPORT.—Not later than 2 years 

13 after the date of enactment of this Act, the Sec14 retary shall submit an interim report on the evalua15 tion conducted pursuant to subsection (a) to the 

16 Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pen17 sions of the Senate and the Committee on Education 

18 and Labor of the House of Representatives. 

19 (2) FINAL REPORT.—Not later than 3 years 

20 after the date of enactment of this Act, the Sec21 retary shall submit a final report on the evaluation 

22 conducted pursuant to subsection (a) to the commit23 tees described in paragraph (1). 

24 (c) CONTENTS.—The reports submitted under sub25 section (b) shall include information on the following: 

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1 (1) How the grant funds have expanded access 

2 to early childhood home visitation in a manner that 

3 demonstrates that programs under this Act reflect 

4 the quality indicators under this Act. 

5 (2) How the States are documenting compliance 

6 with the service delivery indicators under this Act 

7 across all entities carrying out programs under this 

8 Act with emphasis on the number of families served 

9 and the level of service received. 

10 (3) How the services provided under State pro11 grams affect outcomes consistent with programs 

12 goals, including, where appropriate based on the 

13 program being evaluated, parenting practices, child 

14 health and development, child maltreatment, school 

15 readiness, and links to community services. 

16 (4) The effectiveness of early childhood home 

17 visitation on different populations, including the ex18 tent to which variability exists in program ability to 

19 improve outcomes across programs and populations, 

20 such as families with English language learners and 

21 families with a family member in the Armed Forces. 

22 (5) The effectiveness of the training and tech23 nical assistance activities funded under this Act, in24 cluding the effects of training and technical assistmstockstill on PROD1PC66 with BILLS

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1 ance activities on program performance and agency2 level collaboration. 

3 (6) Recommendations on strengthening or 

4 modifying this Act. 

5 SEC. 9. SUPPORTING NEW PARENTS THROUGH HOSPITAL 

6 EDUCATION. 

7 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Health and 

8 Human Services (referred to in this section as the ‘‘Sec9 retary’’) shall develop and implement a public information 

10 and educational campaign to inform the public and new 

11 parents about the importance of proper care for infants 

12 and children under 5 years of age, including healthy par13 ent-child relationships, the demands and stress associated 

14 with caring for infants, positive responses to infants’ chal15 lenging behaviors including awareness of their social, emo16 tional, and physical needs, awareness of the vulnerability 

17 of young children to abusive practices, and the signs and 

18 treatment of post-partum depression. 

19 (b) ELEMENTS.— 

20 (1) IN GENERAL.—The campaign developed 

21 under subsection (a) shall include the following ele22 ments: 

23 (A) The dissemination of educational and 

24 informational materials in print, audio, video, 

25 electronic, and other media. 

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1 (B) The use of public service announce2 ments and advertisements. 

3 (C) The dissemination of effective child 

4 abuse prevention practices and techniques, in5 cluding information about research-based home 

6 visiting programs, respite care, crisis nurseries, 

7 and patent support networks, to parents, care8 givers, maternity hospitals, children’s hospitals, 

9 pediatricians, child care centers, organizations 

10 providing prenatal and postnatal care, and or11 ganizations providing parenting education and 

12 support services. 

13 (D) Connection to existing parental in14 volvement programs. 

15 (2) PREVENTION PRACTICES.—In carrying out 

16 paragraph (1)(C) through the campaign under sub17 section (a), the Secretary shall ensure that every 

18 hospital, military hospital, and birth center receiving 

19 these materials requests that each maternity patient 

20 and father of a newborn child, if available, partici21 pate in a single session parenting class, that is ap22 proved by the Secretary, on the vulnerabilities of 

23 their infant to abusive practices, as well as the im24 portance of proper care for infants and young chil25 dren, and the symptoms of abusive head and other 

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1 injuries, and strategies for caring for infants’ social, 

2 emotional, and physical needs. After participating in 

3 the class, the hospital or birth center shall request 

4 that such patient or father sign a form stating that 

5 they have participated or refused to participate in 

6 the parenting class. 

7 (3) EXISTING PROGRAMS.—The implementation 

8 and execution of the public information and edu9 cational campaign under this section should seek col10 laboration with and referrals to existing parental in11 volvement programs that specialize in strengthening 

12 children’s cognitive skills, early literacy skills, social 

13 or emotional and physical development and existing 

14 prenatal and early childhood home visit programs. 

15 (4) EXISTING STATE REQUIREMENTS.—The im16 plementation and execution of the public information 

17 and educational campaign under this section should 

18 encourage the Secretary to work with pre-existing 

19 State requirements to ensure that no unnecessary 

20 burdens are placed on hospitals, military hospitals, 

21 and birth centers receiving educational materials. 

22 (c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 

23 authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be nec24 essary to carry out this section for fiscal year 2008. 

Æ 

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