IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF NORTH CAROLINA

2021-NCCOA-526

No. COA20-921

Filed 5 October 2021

Wake County, No. 18 CVS 13036

MILONE & MACBROOM, INC., Plaintiff,

v.

KYLE V. CORKUM, ET AL., Defendants.

Appeal by Defendant from Order entered 5 March 2020 by Judge Michael J. 

Denning in Wake County District Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 11 August 

2021.

Smith, Debnam, Narron, Drake, Saintsing & Myers, LLP, by Byron L. 

Saintsing and Thomas A. Gray, for plaintiff-appellee.

Akins, Hunt, Atkins, P.C., by Donald G. Hunt, Jr., and Kristen Atkins Lee, for 

defendants-appellants.

HAMPSON, Judge.

Factual and Procedural Background

¶ 1 Kyle Corkum (Defendant) appeals from the trial court’s Order granting Milone 

& MacBroom, Inc.’s (Plaintiff) Motion to Compel responses to Plaintiff’s postjudgment discovery requests in supplemental proceedings, denying Defendant’s 

Motion for a Protective Order, and indicating the trial court’s intent to award Plaintiff 

attorneys’ fees as a Rule 11 sanction against Defendant. By prior Order of this Court, 
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Opinion of the Court

this appeal was consolidated for the “purpose of hearing only” under N.C.R. App. P. 

40 with Plaintiff’s subsequent appeal in COA20-922 taken after the trial court 

entered a later order imposing monetary sanctions against Defendant pursuant to 

Rule 11 in the amount of $8,500.00. The Record before us tends to reflect the 

following:

¶ 2 On 30 October 2012, as memorialized in a Statement Authorizing Entry of 

Judgment (Statement), Plaintiff entered into an agreement with Defendant, 

individually, and with Defendant as the manager of a number of Limited Liability 

Companies (LLCs) for payment of monies owed by Defendant and the LLCs for 

“services, capital, and equipment” in the total amount of $2,500,000. The parties 

agreed that Defendant and the LLCs would authorize entry of judgment against them 

for the full $2,500,000, but Plaintiff would not record the judgment if Defendant and 

the LLCs made a series of quarterly payments beginning in December 2012 and 

concluding in March 2019 totaling $1,402,000. Defendant and the LLCs made 

payments under the agreement—paying $1,138,500 towards their obligation—before

defaulting in September 2018. 

¶ 3 As a result of this default by Defendant and the LLCs, on 23 October 2018, 

Plaintiff filed the Statement and a supporting affidavit with the Wake County Clerk 

of Superior Court and the clerk’s office entered a Confession of Judgment, pursuant 

to Rule 68.1 of the North Carolina Rules of Civil Procedure, against Defendant and 
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the LLCs in Plaintiff’s favor in the full amount of $2,500,000 with interest. A few 

days later, on 30 October 2018, Plaintiff filed a Certificate of Credit on Judgment 

noting Defendant and the LLCs payments of $1,138,500 and crediting the payments 

towards the Judgment.

¶ 4 The Record before us does not reflect any writ of execution was issued or 

returned unsatisfied in whole or part, and it appears there was no further effort to 

execute on the judgment. Nevertheless, on 26 March 2019, Plaintiff served 

Interrogatories to Supplemental Proceedings and Request for Production of 

Documents, pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. §§ 1-352.1 and 1-352.2, on attorneys Plaintiff 

believed were Defendant’s counsel. Plaintiff filed a Motion to Compel in Wake County 

District Court on 7 May 2019 alleging Defendant had not responded to its 

interrogatories and request for production.1 Plaintiff withdrew its Motion to Compel 

on 26 July 2019. In addition, also on 26 July 2019, Plaintiff served a new set of 

interrogatories and requests for production on Defendant. 

¶ 5 On 8 August 2019, Defendant filed a Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Jurisdiction, 

Insufficiency of Process and Improper Service of Process and Failure to Comply with 

N.C. Gen. Stat. §§ 1-352.1 and 1-352.2, in the Alternative, Motion for Protective 

 

1 This Motion to Compel was captioned as being filed “In the Court of Common Pleas 

District Court Division[.]” 
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Order, Motion to Dismiss and for Protective Order captioned as filed in Wake County 

Superior Court. Plaintiff subsequently filed a second Motion to Compel in Wake 

County District Court on 27 November 2019.

2

¶ 6 Both parties’ Motions came on for hearing in Wake County District Court on 

27 February 2020. Following the hearing, the trial court entered an Order granting 

Plaintiff’s Motion to Compel and denying Defendant’s Motion for a Protective Order 

on 5 March 2020.3 In addition, the trial court’s Order stated it was awarding Plaintiff 

attorneys’ fees under N.C. R. Civ. P. 11 as a sanction for Defendant seeking a 

protective order but did not set the amount of fees. Defendant filed written Notice of 

Appeal of the trial court’s Order on 10 March 2020. 

ISSUE

¶ 7 The dispositive issue in this appeal is whether the trial court had subjectmatter jurisdiction to issue orders in supplemental proceedings in aid of execution 

where no writ of execution was issued or returned unsatisfied in whole or in part.

ANALYSIS

¶ 8 As a threshold matter, although Plaintiff does not argue this Court lacks 

appellate jurisdiction to hear this case, Defendant acknowledges the trial court’s 

 

2 Again, captioned as being filed in the “Court of Common Pleas District Court 

Division[.]” 

3 This Order also is captioned as in “The Court of Common Pleas District Court 

Division.”
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Order granting Plaintiff’s Motion to Compel could be construed as an interlocutory 

discovery order not, generally, directly immediately appealable. Indeed, as a general 

proposition, “an order compelling discovery is not immediately appealable because it 

is interlocutory and does not affect a substantial right which would be lost if the 

ruling is not reviewed before final judgment.” Benfield v. Benfield, 89 N.C. App. 415, 

418, 366 S.E.2d 500, 502 (1988) (citations omitted). Similarly, as a general matter, 

an appeal from an award of attorneys’ fees may not be brought until the trial court 

has finally determined the amount to be awarded. Triad Women’s Ctr., P.A. v. Rogers, 

207 N.C. App. 353, 358, 699 S.E.2d 657, 660 (2010).

¶ 9 Here, on the Record before us, compliance with the trial court’s 5 March 2020 

Order granting Plaintiff’s Motion to Compel has not been enforced by sanctions. 

Moreover, the trial court’s 5 March 2020 Order imposing Rule 11 sanctions on 

Plaintiff for opposing the Motion to Compel is not an appealable Order because it does 

not award an amount of attorneys’ fees. In re Cranor, 247 N.C. App. 565, 569, 786 

S.E.2d 379, 382 (2016) (“Where an order imposes judicial discipline, an appeal from 

such order is interlocutory if the order involves the imposition of attorneys’ fees and 

if the amount of the fee award was not set in the order.”). Thus, Defendant’s appeal 

is interlocutory and, we conclude—in the absence of any argument before this Court 

of an established privilege being asserted by Defendant, any sanction imposed for 

failure to comply with the Order compelling discovery, or a specific amount of 
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Opinion of the Court

attorneys’ fees awarded under Rule 11—the trial court’s 5 March 2020 Order does not 

affect a substantial right. Therefore, Defendant is not entitled to an immediate 

appeal from the 5 March 2020 Order. 

¶ 10 Nevertheless, and in the alternative, Defendant also requests this Court to 

treat his appeal as a Petition for Writ of Certiorari and allow review on the merits. 

While the better practice would have been for Defendant to file a separate Petition 

for Writ of Certiorari compliant with N.C.R. App. P. 21, we exercise our discretion to 

invoke N.C.R. App. P. 2 to vary the Rules of Appellate Procedure and allow 

Defendant’s request to consider this appeal as a Petition for Writ of Certiorari 

notwithstanding the failure to comply with the requirements of N.C.R. App. P. 21. 

We do so because this case raises serious questions of how and when a trial court may 

exercise jurisdiction in supplemental proceedings that may otherwise escape review 

leading to manifest injustice to a party subjected to supplemental proceedings 

improperly instituted contrary to the express statutory requirements. Having 

invoked N.C.R. App. P. 2, our decision, then, on whether to issue the Writ of Certiorari 

necessarily turns on the merits of the appeal. State v. Grundler, 251 N.C. 177, 189, 

111 S.E.2d 1, 9 (1959) (“A petition for the writ must show merit or that error was 

probably committed below. Certiorari is a discretionary writ, to be issued only for 

good and sufficient cause shown.” (citations omitted)).
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¶ 11 Defendant argues the trial court lacked subject-matter jurisdiction over the 

supplemental proceedings. “Subject matter jurisdiction, a threshold requirement for 

a court to hear and adjudicate a controversy brought before it, is conferred upon the 

courts by either the North Carolina Constitution or by statute.” Burgess v. Burgess, 

205 N.C. App. 325, 327-28, 698 S.E.2d 666, 668 (2010) (citation and quotation marks 

omitted). We review challenges to subject-matter jurisdiction de novo. McKoy v. 

McKoy, 202 N.C. App. 509, 511, 689 S.E.2d 590, 592 (2010). 

¶ 12 “ ‘Subject matter jurisdiction cannot be conferred by consent or waiver, and the 

issue of subject matter jurisdiction may be raised for the first time on appeal.’ ” 

Burgess, 205 N.C. App. at 328, 698 S.E.2d at 668-69 (quoting In re H.L.A.D., 184 N.C. 

App. 381, 385, 646 S.E.2d 425, 429 (2007), aff’d, 362 N.C. 170, 655 S.E.2d 712 (2008)).

“Although defendant made no arguments concerning subject matter jurisdiction 

before the trial court, a party may raise the issue at any stage of a proceeding.” 

Composite Tech., Inc. v. Advanced Composite Structures (USA), Inc., 150 N.C. App. 

386, 389, 563 S.E.2d 84, 85 (2002) (citation omitted). “This Court may also raise the 

issue even if neither party has addressed the matter.” Id. Indeed, here, we discern 

a fundamental jurisdictional defect in the institution of the supplemental proceedings 

in this case which neither party has identified either below or in this Court: no writ 

of execution was issued to enforce the Judgment or returned unsatisfied in whole or 

in part prior to Plaintiff undertaking supplemental proceedings. 
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¶ 13 In an early opinion discussing statutory supplemental proceedings, our 

Supreme Court recognized statutory supplemental proceedings served to replace the 

prior Creditor’s Bill in equity. Rand v. Rand, 78 N.C. 12, 14-15 (1878) (“We think it 

clear that proceedings supplementary to execution under the Code of Procedure are 

a substitute for the former creditor’s bill, and are governed by the principle 

established under the former practice in administering this species of relief in behalf 

of judgment creditors.”). The Court recognized: “The object of the proceeding is to 

compel the application of property concealed by the debtor, or which from its nature 

cannot be levied upon under execution, to the payment of the creditor’s judgment.” 

Id. at 15. It followed then: “The only purpose of the creditor’s bill was to enforce 

satisfaction of a judgment out of the property of the judgment debtor when an 

execution could not reach it, and the only purpose of supplemental proceedings is to 

attain the same end by the same means.” Id. 

¶ 14 Article 31 of Chapter 1 of the North Carolina General Statutes contains the 

current statutes governing supplemental proceedings. The first statute in this 

article, N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-352, is titled: “Execution unsatisfied; debtor ordered to 

answer.” The text of that statute provides:

When an execution against property of a judgment debtor, 

or any one of several debtors in the same judgment, issued to the 

sheriff of the county where he resides or has a place of business, 

or if he does not reside in the State, to the sheriff of the county 

where a judgment roll or a transcript of a judgment is filed, is 
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returned wholly or partially unsatisfied, the judgment creditor at 

any time after the return, and within three years from the time of 

issuing the execution, is entitled to an order from the court to 

which the execution is returned or from the judge thereof, 

requiring such debtor to appear and answer concerning his 

property before such court or judge, at a time and place specified 

in the order, within the county to which the execution was issued.

N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-352 (2019) (emphases added). Likewise, N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-352.1 

provides a judgment creditor may serve interrogatories on a judgment debtor 

concerning the debtor’s property “at any time the judgment remains unsatisfied, and 

within three years from the time of issuing an execution.” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-352.1 

(2019) (emphasis added). Further, N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-352.2 provides for additional 

methods of discovering assets that may be employed “at any time the judgment 

remains unsatisfied, and within three years from the time of issuing an execution[.]” 

N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-352.2 (2019) (emphasis added).4 

¶ 15 Thus, as our Court explained: “Article 31 provides for supplemental 

proceedings, equitable in nature, after execution against a judgment debtor is 

returned unsatisfied to aid creditors to reach property . . . subject to the payment of 

debts which cannot be reached by the ordinary process of execution. These 

 

4 By way of further examples: N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-353 allows for a judgment creditor 

“[a]fter issuing an execution against property” to seek an order requiring the judgment debtor 

to appear if the debtor is deemed to be “unjustly refus[ing]” to apply property towards the 

judgment; N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-354 provides for “Proceedings supplemental to execution” upon 

the “return of an execution unsatisfied” against joint debtors. 
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proceedings are available only after execution is attempted.” Massey v. Cates, 2 N.C. 

App. 162, 164, 162 S.E.2d 589, 591 (1968). In fact, our Supreme Court, applying a 

prior version of the statutes, expressly answered the question: “Can supplemental 

proceedings be instituted against a defendant when there has been no execution 

issued within three years from the institution of such supplementary proceedings?” 

Int’l Harvester Co. of Am. v. Brockwell, 202 N.C. 805, 806 164 S.E. 322, 322 (1932). 

The Court recognized: “A reading of the statutes discloses that a supplemental 

proceeding is based upon an execution.” Id. As such, based on this reading of the 

statute the Court held: “if the defendant himself is supplemented, the proceedings 

must be instituted ‘within three years of the issuing of execution.’ ” Id., 164 S.E. at

323. It is apparent from both the plain language of the supplemental proceeding 

statutes and our prior case law that a statutory precondition to instituting 

supplemental proceedings against a defendant is the issuance of a writ of execution 

and, under Section 1-352, the return of that writ unsatisfied in whole or in part.

¶ 16 In this case, there is nothing in the Record before us which establishes Plaintiff 

sought issuance of a writ of execution or that any such writ was returned unsatisfied 

in whole or part. Thus, supplemental proceedings under Article 31 of Chapter 1 of 

the General Statutes were not available to Plaintiff. Therefore, the trial court lacked 

statutory authority over these supplemental proceedings and, as such, lacked subjectmatter jurisdiction to grant any relief under Article 31 of Chapter 1 of the General 
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Statutes. See Burgess, 205 N.C. App. at 327-28, 698 S.E.2d at 668; see also In re

Transportation of Juveniles, 102 N.C. App. 806, 808, 403 S.E.2d 557, 558 (1991)

(“[B]efore a court may act there must be some appropriate application invoking the 

judicial power of the court with respect to the matter in question.”). Consequently, 

the trial court erred in entering its 5 March 2020 Order compelling Defendant to 

respond to discovery issued pursuant to Sections 1-351.1 and 1-351.2 and imposing 

sanctions under N.C. R. Civ. P. 11 on Defendant for opposing discovery in 

supplemental proceedings. As such, we further conclude it is appropriate to issue our 

Writ of Certiorari under N.C.R. App. P. 21 for purposes of vacating the trial court’s 5 

March 2020 Order.

Conclusion

¶ 17 Accordingly, for the foregoing reasons, we vacate the trial court’s 5 March 2020 

Order granting Plaintiff’s Motion to Compel. We do so, however, without prejudice 

to any right of Plaintiff to institute supplemental proceedings consistent with Article 

31 of Chapter 1 of the North Carolina General Statutes.

VACATED.

Judges ZACHARY and JACKSON concur.