FIL ED U.S. COURT OF APPEAL S EL EVENTHCI RCUI T SEPTEMBER 26, 2011 J OHN L EY CL ERK [DO NOT PUBLISH] IN THE UN ITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE ELE VENTH CIRCUIT

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UNITED STAT ES OF AMERIC A, Pl ai nt iff -Ap pe ll ee, ve rs us ANTW ON JOSHUA W ESLEY, Defen da nt -Ap pe ll an t.

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ App eal fro m

th e Uni te d S ta te s Di st ric t Co urt forth e So ut he rnDis tri ctof F lo rid a

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ (Sep te m be r 26 , 20 11 ) Befo re TJ OFLAT, CARNES andHULL, Cir cu itJu dg es . PER CURI AM:Ant won Jo sh uaW es le y ap pe al s h is 27 -m on th sen te nc e im po se d a fte r th e m an da to ry

rev oc at io n o f hi s s up erv is edrel eas e. Afte r rev ie w, we affi rm .

I. BACKGRO UND A. Con vi cti on , Sente nce, a nd Sup erv is ed Rel ea se InJu ly 200 0, Wesl ey

pl edgu il ty to o ne co un t o f carry in g afir earm (a s em iau to m at ic ass au ltweap on ) du rin g a ndinrel at io n t o adru g t raff ic ki ng cri m e, in vi ol at io n o f 18 U.S.C. § 9 24 (c)( 1) , a Cla ss A felo ny. Acco rd in g t o h is pre se nt en ce in ve st ig at io n re po rt, Wesl ey ha d 4 1 c riminal hi st ory

po in ts an d acri m in al hi st ory cat eg ory of VI. Co ns eque nt ly, hi s g ui de li ne s i m pr is on m en t ra ng e, pe r U.S.S.G. § 2 K2.4 (b ), was am in im

um ten -y ear i m

pr is on m en t t erm

an d am ax im

um of l ife un de r 18 U.S.C. § 9 24 (c)( 1) (B)( i). Th e d is tri ctco urt s en te nc edW es le y to 12 0 m on th s’ im

pr is on m en t, fo ll owe d b y

th ree years o f supe rv is edrel eas e. Am on g t he co nd it io ns of h is supe rv is edrel eas e, W es le y co ul d n otco m

mitan ot he r fed eral , st at e, orlo cal cri m e, il le ga ll y po ss es s o r us e co nt ro ll edsubs ta nc es , andha d t o subm itto at l eas t two p eri od ic dru g t es ts . On Ju ly 1, 20 09 , W es le y co m m en ced hi s t erm of s up erv is edrel eas e. B. Peti tio n fo r Rev oc at io n o f Supe rv is ed Rel ea se InMay 201 0, the Uni te d S ta te s Pr ob at io n Off ic e fi le d asupe rs ed in g p et it io n reque st in g awarran t fo r W es le y on acco un t o f hi s al le ge d v io la ti on s o f th e

2co nd it io ns of h is supe rv is edrel eas e. The p et it io n a ll eg edth atbe twee n J ul y 13 , 20 09 an d F eb ru ary 1, 2 01 0, Wesl ey co m mitte d t he fol lo win g v io lati on s: (i) he un la wfu ll y

po ss es se d o r us edco nt ro ll edsubs ta nc es , nam el y , hi s urin e sa m pl es te st edpo si ti ve for

m ari juan a o n Jul y

13 , Ju ly 17, Se pt em

be r 4, No ve m

be r 19 , and Nov em be r 23 , 20 09 , m ari

juan a an d c oc ai ne on Octo be r 22 , 20 09 , andco cai ne on Ja nu ary 6, 2 01 0 (Vi ol at io ns 1 thr ou gh 6 an d 8 ); ( ii ) he vi ol at edth e la w when he po ss es se d c oc ai ne on Nov em be r 3, 2 00 9, an d F eb ru ary 1, 2 01 0, an d dru g pa rap he rn al iaonFeb ru ary 1, 2 01 0, i n v io la ti on of F lo rid a St atut es §§ 89 3.1 3 a nd 89 3.1 47 , off

en se s t o wh ic h h e p le d g ui lt y an d re cei ve d a36 4- da y

sen te nc e (Vio la ti on s 7 an d 1 0) ; an d (i ii ) he was u ns uc ces sf ul ly dis ch arg edan d c on se qu en tl y fai le d t o p art ic ip at e in anap pr ov edsubs ta nc e ab us e tr eatm en t p ro gr am on Jan ua ry 14 an d J anuary

20 , 20 10 (Vio la ti on 9). C. Mag is tra te J udg e’s Repo rt a nd Reco m m enda tio n At Wesl ey ’s in it ia l ap pe aran ce i n Dec em be r 20 10 , fol lo win g h is arre stfor th e al le ge d v io la ti on s, the m ag is tra te jud ge in fo rm edW es le y th athe face d t en ch arg es inth e p et it io n. Th e g ov ern m en t s ta te d t ha t the m ax im um st atut ory pe na lt y was fiv e y ears ’ im

pr is on m en t an d t he gu id el in es ran ge was 2 1 t o 2 7 m on th s. W es le y ackno wled ge d t ha t h e und ers to odan d t he n a dm it te d t o a ll ten vi ol at io ns as

3ch arg ed . The m ag is tra te jud ge en te reda rep ort (“ R&R ”) re co m m en di ng th at W es le y be fou ndto ha ve vi ol at edhi s s up erv is edrel eas e. Bas edon W es le y ’s Grad e B v io la ti on s o f supe rv is edrel eas e—Vi ol at io ns 7 an d 1 0— an d c riminal hi st ory cat eg ory of VI, the pro ba ti onoff

ic e p rep areda rev oc at io n re po rt s tati ng th atW es le y ’s gu id el in es im pr is on m en t ra ng e was 21 to 27 m on th s. See U.S.S.G. § 7 B1 .4(a ). Becaus e Wesle y ’s ori gi na l o ffen se was a Cl as s A fel on y , fiv e y ears was the m ax im um im pr is on m en t t erm

th atco ul d b e im po se d upo n re vo cat io n o f supe rv is edrel eas e. See 1 8 U.S.C. § 35 83 (e)( 3) . W es le y di d n otfil e o bjec ti on s t o e it he r th e m ag is tra te jud ge ’s R&R o r th e pr ob at io n o ffi ce’s rev oc at io n re po rt. D. Rev oc at io n a nd Sen tenc in g H ea ri ng At the rev oc at io n a ndsen te nc in g h eari ng , th e d is tri ctco urt ad op te d t he m ag is tra te jud ge ’s R&R, an d a dju di cat edW es le y gu il ty of vi ol at in g h is supe rv is ed rel eas e as to each of t he ten vi ol at io ns . The d is tri ctco urt n ot edth atW es le y ha d a cri m in al hi st ory

cat eg ory of VI anda gu id el in es im pr is on m en t ra ng e o f 21 to 27 m on th s. W es le y ’s cou ns el ask edfor a 21 -m on th sen te nc e. W es le y adm it te d t ha t, as a res ul t o f so m e o f hi s co nduc t, h e h adpl edgu il ty to two s ta te ch arg es an d h ad

4al read y

serve d a36 4- da y

jail sen te nc e. W es le y

no te d t ha t h e h adbe eninth e Mar sh al ’s cus to dy sin ce Dec em be r 1, 2 01 0. The go ve rn m en t re qu es te d t ha t the co urt i m po se a 27 -m on th sen te nc e. The go ve rn m en t as ke d t ha t the di st ric t co urt n otim po se a ne w term

of s up erv is ed rel eas e b ecau se W es le y

was n otcap ab le of c om

pl y in g wi th it s t erm s. Th e d is tri ct co urt s ta te d t ha t i t d idno t u nd ers ta ndsu cha “ se nt en ci ng ph il os op hy of reward in g so m eb od y

forno t” co m

pl y in g wi th th e co nd it io ns of s up erv is edrel eas e. In res po ns e, th e g ov ern m en t em ph as iz edW es le y ’s pro bl em s wi th ad di ct io n a nd refu sa ls to acce pthe lp . The di stric t co urt n ot edth atitha d “ care fu ll y co ns id ered ” th e p art ie s’ st at em en ts an d t he in fo rm at io n c on ta in edinth e “ vi ol at io n re po rt” an d c on cl ud ed th atW es le y

vi ol at edth e co nd it io ns of s up erv is edrel eas e. As a re su lt , th e d is tri ct co urt re vo ke d Wesl ey ’s supe rv is edrel eas e an d s en te nc edW es le y to 27 m on th s’ im pr is on m en t, fo ll owe d b y

33 m on th s o f supe rv is edrel eas e. The d is tri ctco urt ci te d i ts ob li ga ti on an d duty to bo th th e d efen da ntan d the publ ic to im po se an ot he r te rm

of s up erv is edrel eas e. W es le y ti m el y ap pe al ed . II . DISCUSSI ON

5On ap pe al , W es le y arg ue s tha t h is 27 -m on th sen te nc e is bo th pro cedur al ly an d s ub st an ti ve ly unr eas on ab le be cau se th e d is tri ctco urt fa il edto co ns id er o r pr op erl y weig h t he 18 U.S.C. § 3 55 3( a) fac to rs . A. Rev oc at io n o f Supe rv is ed Rel ea se an d § 35 53 (a ) Fac to rs

“ Pu rs uantto 18 U.S.C. § 3 58 3( e), upo n fi nd in g t ha t the de fen dantvi ol at eda co nd it io n o f supe rv is edrel eas e, a d is tri ctco urt m ay rev ok e th e te rm

of s up erv is ed rel eas e an d i m

po se a te rm

of i m pr is on m en t af

te r co ns id eri ng th e sp eci fic fact or s se t fo rth in18 U.S.C. § 3 55 3( a).” Uni te d S ta te s v . Velas qu ez Vel as qu ez, 5 24 1 F.3 d 1 24 8, 1 25 2 (1 1t h C ir. 2 00 8) . The d is tri ctco urt m us t al so co ns id er the po li cy st at em en ts inCh ap te r 7 o f th e Sen te nc in g Gu id el in es , on e o f whi chpro vi de s reco m m en de d, n on -b in di ng ran ge s o f im pr is on m en t. Un it edSta te s v . Sil va , 44 3 F.3 d 7 95 , 79 9 (1 1t h C ir. 2 00 6) . Bas edon W es le y ’s Grad e B v io la ti on s o f supe rv is edrel eas e an d acri m in al hi st ory cat eg ory of VI, Wesl ey ’s reco m

m en de d gu id el in es ran ge forim

pr is on m en t u nd er ad vi so ry Ch ap te r 7 wa s 2 1 t o 2 7 m on th s. See U.S.S.G. § 7B 1.4 (a). Be cau se W es le y ’s ori gi na l o ffen se was aCla ss A felo ny, The fa ctors the district cour t considers include: (1) the nature of the circ umstances of

the 1 offe nse; (2) the history

and cha rac teristics of the defe ndant; (3) the need for the sentenc e to r efle ct the seriousness of the offe nse, to promote respe ct for the law, and to provide just punishment for the offe nse; (4) the kinds of se ntence s and sentenc ing r ang e esta blished by

the Guidelines; and, in the case of a violation of supe rvised re lease , (5) the a pplicable Guide lines or policy statements i ssued by the S en t en ci n g Commi ssion. 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) ; United S tates v. Sweeting , 437 F.3d 1105, 1107 (11th Cir. 2006). 6fiv e y ears was the m ax im um im pr is on m en t t erm

th atco ul d b e im

po se d upo n rev oc at io n o f supe rv is edrel eas e. See 1 8 U.S.C. § 35 83 (e)( 3) . B. Rea so na bl enes s Ana ly si s

“ W e rev ie w th e se nt en ce i m po se d upo n t he rev oc at io n o f supe rv is edrel eas e fo r rea so nabl en es s.” Vel as qu ez Vel as qu ez, 5 24 F.3dat 1 25 2. Our rea so nabl en es s rev ie w app li es th e d efer en ti al ab us e o f di sc ret io n s ta nd ard . Gall v. Un it edSta te s, 55 2 U.S. 3 8, 4 1, 4 6, 1 28 S. Ct. 5 86 , 59 1, 5 94 (20 07 ). W e fi rs t l oo k a t wh ethe r th e di st ric t co urt co m

mit te d a ny sig ni fic an t p ro cedur al erro r an d the n a t wh ethe r th e se nt en ce i s s ub st an ti ve ly reaso nabl e und er the to ta li ty of th e ci rcum st an ces an d t he § 3 55 3( a) fa ct or s. Un it edSta te s v . Pug h, 5 15 F.3d11 79 , 11 90 (11 th Cir . 20 08 ). The party chal le ng in g the sen te nc e h as th e b ur de n t o s ho w itis un reas on ab le . Uni te d S tate s v . Tall ey , 43 1 F .3d78 4, 7 88 (11 thCir . 20 05 ). 1. Pro cedur al Reas on ab le ne ss As t o t he pro cedur al reas on ab le ne ss , W es le y arg ue s tha t the di st ric t co urt fai le d t o c on si de r th e § 35 53 (a) fa ct or s. We hav e co nc lu de d t ha t n othi ng inth e cas e la w “ requi res th e d is tri ctco urt t o s ta te on th e rec or d t ha t i t h as ex pl ic it ly co ns id eredeach of t he § 3 55 3( a) fa ct or s o r to di sc us s ea chof t he § 3 55 3( a) fact or s.” Un it edSta te s v . Sco tt , 42 6 F .3d13 24 , 13 29 (11 th Cir . 20 05 ). Rathe r, an

7in di cat io n tha t the di st ric t co urt h as co ns id ereda de fen da nt ’s arg um en ts an d t he

§ 3 55 3( a) fa ct or s i s s uf

fic ie nt . Id. at13 30 . Here, the di st ric t co urt d idno t ex pl ic it ly m en ti on th e § 35 53 (a) fa ct or s, al th ou gh th e d ia lo gu e b etweenth e co urt an d t he pa rti es im pl ic at es sev eral § 3 55 3( a) fa ct or s. Sp eci fic al ly, th e d is tri ctco urt co ns id eredW es le y ’s cri m in al hi st ory cat eg ory of VI, h is vi ol at io n re po rt i nc lu di ng hi s re cen t s tru gg le s wi th drug s an d fa il ur e to co m

pl et e dru g t reat m en t, the co urt’s o bl ig at io n t o t he publ ic , an d t he gu id el in es im

pr is on m en t ra ng e o f 21 to 27 m on th s. Inothe r wor ds , th e di st ric t co urt co ns id eredth e h is to ry an d c ha ract eri st ic s o f th e d efen da nt , th e n atur e an d c irc um st an ces of t he off en se , andth e n eedforde te rren ce. See 18 U.S.C. § 3 55 3( a). Bec au se th e rec or d i nd ic at es th e d is tri ctco urt co ns id eredW es le y ’s arg um en ts an d t he subs ta nc e o f th e § 35 53 (a) fa ct or s, Wesl ey ha s n otm ethi s bu rd ento sh ow p ro cedur al erro r. See Sc ot t, 4 26 F.3dat 1 33 0. 2. Subs ta nt iv e Rea so nabl en es s As t o s ub st an ti ve reas on ab le ne ss , W es le y arg ue s the di st ric t co urt un reas on ab ly fail edto gi ve weig htto cert ai n § 35 53 (a) fa ct or s. We revi ew th e subs ta nt iv e rea so nabl en es s o f a s en te nc e in li gh t o f th e § 35 53 (a) fa ct or s an d t he

“ to ta li ty of th e ci rcu m st an ces .” Pu gh , 51 5 F .3dat 1 19 0. Th e wei gh t t o b e g iv en an y pa rti cu la r fac to r is lef

t t o t he so un d d is cret io n o f th e d is tri ctco urt. Un it ed

8St at es v. Am ed eo , 48 7 F .3d82 3, 8 32 (11 th Cir . 20 07 ). W e o rd in ari ly exp ecta

se nt en ce wi th in th e g ui de li ne s ra ng e to be reas on ab le . Uni te d S tate s v . Tall ey , 43 1 F .3d78 4, 7 88 (11 th Cir . 20 05 ). A sen te nc e im po se d wel l b el ow the st atut ory m ax im um is an ot he r in di cat orof areas on ab le sen te nc e. See Un it edSta te s v . Gon zal ez, 5 50 F.3d13 19 , 13 24 (11 th Cir . 20 08 ). Inth is cas e, W es le y

ha s n otde m on st rat edth athi s 2 7- m on thsen te nc e wit hi n th e g ui de li ne s ra ng e was subs ta nt iv el y un reas on ab le . His 2 7- m on th sen te nc e was well be lo w th e m ax im

um sen te nc e o f fi ve y ears ’ im pr is on m en t, o ne in di cat orth at itwas areas on ab le sen te nc e. See i d. The sen te nc e, m or eo ve r, m etth e g oa ls en co m pa ss edwithi n § 35 53 (a). W es le y pre vi ou sl y

was c on vi ct edof, i nt er al ia , gra ndth eftauto , bat te ry , att em pt ed bu rg lary , andco cai ne po ss es si on , res ul ti ng ina cri m in al hi st ory cat eg ory of VI. His un de rlyin g c on vi ct io n i n the curren t ca se is a se rio us fir earm off en se durin g a drug tra ffi ck in g c rime. W es le y adm it te d t o v io la ti ng hi s s up erv is edrel eas e le ss th antwo week s af

te r hi s i ni ti al rel eas e fro m pri so n. Wesl ey

ev en tu al ly hada to ta l of ten vi ol at io ns withi n t he fir sty ear, al l o f whi chrel at edto th e unl awfu l u se or po ss es si on of c on tro ll edsubs ta nc es . In ad di ti on , W es le y fai le d t o p art ic ip at e in subs ta nc e ab us e co un se li ng an d fa il edto sec ur e em pl oym en t dur in g h is supe rv is ed rel eas e. 9Co ns id eri ng W es le y ’s ext en si ve cri m in al hi st ory an d t he na tu re an d se rio us ne ss of h is vi ol at io ns of s up erv is edrel eas e, a 2 7- m on th sen te nc e was ne ces sa ry to pro m ot e res pe ctforth e la w, pro vi de jus t p un is hm en t, d et er Wesl ey fro m furth er cr im in al act iv ity , andpro te ctth e p ub li c. Und er the to ta li ty of th e ci rcu m st an ces , we canno t s ay th e d is tri ctco urt ab us edit s d is cret io n i n i m po si ng a 27 -m on th sen te nc e. W es le y als o arg ue s h is 27 -m on th sen te nc e, atth e h ig h e ndof h is ran ge of 21 to 27 m on th s, was subs ta nt iv el y un reas on ab le be cau se th e d is tri ctco urt p la ced

“un reas on ab le weig ht ” o n n otreward in g Wesl ey forhi s n on co m

pl ia nc e wit h t he co nd it io ns of s up erv is edrel eas e. A di st ric t co urt m ay ab us e it s d is cret io n b y fai li ng to co ns id er re le va ntfact or s tha t wer e due si gn ifi can t wei gh t, o r by giv in g si gn ifi can t wei gh t t o a n i m pr op er o r irrel ev an t fa ct or . Uni te d S ta te s v . Irey, 61 2 F.3 d 1 16 0, 1 18 9 (1 1t h C ir. 2 01 0) (enba nc ). Howev er, Wesle y m is co ns tru es th e di st ric t co urt’s co m

m en t. The di st ric t co urt was ex pl ai ni ng it s re as on for co nt in ui ng to im

po se a te rm

of s up erv is edrel eas e d es pi te W es le y ’s pas t fa il ur es to co m pl y . Nothi ng inth e rec or d s ug ge st s the di st ric t co urt fo cu se d o n n ot rewar di ng W es le y

forhi s n on co m

pl ia nc e as a fact orinsel ect in g the du rat io n o f th e n ew pr is on sen te nc e.

10Fo r al l the se reas on s, Wesl ey fai le d t o c arry his bu rd ento sh ow tha t h is se nt en ce i s u nr eas on ab le . AFFIRMED.

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