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1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO

2 LARRY V. LAUGHLIN, 

3 Worker-Appellee/Cross-Appellant, 

4 v. NO. 32,074

5 CONVENIENT MANAGEMENT SERVICES, 

6 INC. and ARGONAUT INSURANCE COMPANY, 

7 Employer/Insurer-Appellants/Cross-Appellees. 

8 APPEAL FROM THE WORKERS’ COMPENSATION ADMINISTRATION

9 Gregory D. Griego, Workers Compensation Judge

10 Gerald A. Hanrahan

11 Albuquerque, NM

12 for Worker-Appellee/Cross-Appellant

13 Maestas & Suggett, P.C.

14 Paul Maestas

15 Albuquerque, NM

16 for Employer/Insurer-Appellants/Cross-Appellees

17 MEMORANDUM OPINION

18 WECHSLER, Judge.
2

1 {1} Worker Larry Laughlin appeals from a compensation order entered pursuant to

2 the Workers’ Compensation Act (the Act), NMSA 1978, Sections 52-1-1 to -70 (1929,

3 as amended through 2007). Worker makes eight arguments relating to the factual

4 findings made by the Workers Compensation Judge (the WCJ). We affirm the WCJ

5 on seven issues but hold that the WCJ’s determination that Worker had a whole body

6 impairment rating of 11% is not supported by substantial evidence. Accordingly, we

7 remand for the entry of a modified compensation order. 

8 BACKGROUND

9 {2} Worker suffered accidents on August 22, 2008 and September 14 or 30, 2008

10 while working for Employer. Worker suffered injuries to both his lower back and left

11 testicle. He filed a complaint with the Workers’ Compensation Administration (the

12 WCA) on March 3, 2009, requesting temporary total disability benefits until he

13 reached maximum medical improvement, and permanent partial disability benefits

14 upon reaching maximum medical improvement.

15 {3} The parties entered a recommended resolution on May 7, 2009 that provided

16 a $5000 payment to Worker and named Dr. Benito Gallardo as Worker’s authorized

17 treating physician. Dr. Gallardo examined Worker on May 6, 2009 and found a causal

18 connection between Worker’s injuries and the accidents on August 22, 2008 and

19 September 14 or 30, 2008. When Employer refused to provide any temporary total
3

1 disability after Dr. Gallardo’s report, Worker filed a second workers’ compensation

2 complaint. Employer rejected a second recommended resolution on September 29,

3 2009, and the claim entered the adjudication process. After a trial on the merits on

4 December 22, 2011, the WCJ entered a compensation order on March 14, 2012.

5 Employer appealed, and Worker filed this cross-appeal.

6 {4} In this cross-appeal, Worker challenges several factual findings: (1) Dr. Basel

7 Aswad was an unauthorized healthcare provider; (2) Worker was at maximum medical

8 improvement from September 10, 2010 through December 21, 2011; (3) Worker’s

9 impairment rating for his back injury was 8%; (4) Worker was not entitled to a point

10 for training or vocational pursuit pursuant to Section 52-1-26.3(D); (5) Worker’s loss

11 of physical capacity from his injuries was from heavy to light duty; and (6) Worker’s

12 whole body impairment rating was 11%. Worker also argues that he was entitled to

13 specific findings and conclusions that (1) he is entitled to an updated MRI and

14 psychological evaluation, and (2) Worker was entitled to treatment by a urologist in

15 Las Cruces.

16 STANDARD OF REVIEW

17 {5} “All workers’ compensation cases are reviewed under a whole record standard

18 of review.” Moya v. City of Albuquerque, 2008-NMSC-004, ¶ 6, 143 N.M. 258, 175

19 P.3d 926. When our review consists of reviewing a “WCJ’s interpretation of statutory
4

1 requirements, we apply a de novo standard of review.” DeWitt v. Rent-A-Ctr., Inc.,

2 2009-NMSC-032, ¶ 14, 146 N.M. 453, 212 P.3d 341. We review the WCJ’s

3 application of the law to the facts de novo. Tom Growney Equip. Co. v. Jouett, 2005-

4 NMSC-015, ¶ 13, 137 N.M. 497, 113 P.3d 320. “After we determine the meaning of

5 the statutes, we review the whole record to determine whether the WCJ’s findings and

6 award are supported by substantial evidence.” DeWitt, 2009-NMSC-032, ¶ 14

7 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). “Where the testimony is conflicting,

8 the issue on appeal is not whether there is evidence to support a contrary result, but

9 rather whether the evidence supports the findings of the trier of fact.” Tom Growney

10 Equip. Co., 2005-NMSC-015, ¶ 13 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).

11 AUTHORIZED HEALTHCARE PROVIDER

12 {6} Worker argues that the WCJ erred in finding that Dr. Aswad was an

13 unauthorized healthcare provider and in denying payment of Dr. Aswad’s bill.

14 Worker specifically challenges the WCJ’s findings numbers 20-22, which provided

15 that Dr. Aswad was an unauthorized healthcare provider and denied payment of his

16 bill. In support, Worker points to testimony that he complained to a WCA

17 ombudsman about the lack of medical treatment that Employer provided and that the

18 omsbudman contacted the claim adjuster, who then authorized Worker to receive
5

1 treatment from Dr. Aswad. Worker therefore contends that Employer was required

2 by the Act to pay Dr. Aswad’s bill. See § 52-1-49(A) (requiring that “the employer

3 . . . provide the worker in a timely manner reasonable and necessary health care

4 services from a health care provider”). 

5 {7} However, Worker, in challenging the finding that Dr. Aswad was not an

6 unauthorized healthcare provider, fails to point out other evidence supporting the

7 finding. Employer initially selected Dr. James Skee as Worker’s authorized

8 healthcare provider, and the record does not contain any indication Dr. Skee referred

9 Worker to Dr. Aswad. Worker testified that Archbishop Thaddeus Standford

10 recommended Dr. Aswad and that he decided to seek treatment from Dr. Aswad based

11 on this recommendation. Based on this testimony, the WCJ’s finding that Dr. Aswad

12 was an unauthorized healthcare provider under the Workers Compensation Act is

13 supported by substantial evidence. See § 52-1-49(G) (“If the worker continues to

14 receive treatment or services from a health care provider rejected by the employer and

15 not in compliance with the workers’ compensation judge’s ruling, then the employer

16 is not required to pay for any of the additional treatment or services provided to that

17 worker by that health care provider.”); 11.4.4.11(C)(1) NMAC (12/31/2012) (“A

18 referral by an authorized [healthcare provider] to another [healthcare provider] shall

19 be deemed a continuation of the selection of the referring [healthcare provider].”). To
6

1 the extent that Worker’s testimony that the claims adjuster authorized Dr. Aswad as

2 an authorized healthcare provider provides conflicting testimony supporting Worker’s

3 position, it is the role of the factfinder to weigh conflicting evidence. See Rodriguez

4 v. La Mesilla Constr. Co., 1997-NMCA-062, ¶ 13, 123 N.M. 489, 943 P.2d 136

5 (stating that “we will not reweigh the evidence, even under the whole record standard

6 of review” if there is conflicting evidence).

7 UPDATED LUMBAR MRI AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION

8 {8} Worker next argues that the WCJ erred in not including specific findings or

9 conclusions ordering that Worker is entitled to an updated lumbar MRI and a

10 psychological evaluation. Worker points to evidence supporting his position. The

11 independent medical examination (IME) panel recommended an updated lumbar MRI

12 in order to evaluate Worker’s back injury and his need for surgery. Dr. Jose Reyna,

13 the only orthopaedic physician to evaluate Worker’s back injury, requested the MRI,

14 and Dr. Gallardo concurred with the need for the updated MRI. The IME panel also

15 stated that Worker was in need of a psychological evaluation due to depression and

16 thoughts of suicide. Dr. Gallardo also concurred that Worker needed a psychological

17 evaluation.

18 {9} Employer does not dispute that the IME panel recommended an updated MRI

19 scan of Worker’s lower back and that Worker’s back injury arose out of his
7

1 employment. However, Employer points out that the WCJ did find that Worker has

2 a continuing need for medical care and treatment for his injuries, including his back

3 injury. Under these findings and conclusions, Worker’s authorized healthcare

4 provider, Dr. Gallardo, could order an MRI scan of Worker’s back if he deems that

5 it is reasonable and necessary for Worker’s medical care and treatment. See § 52-1-

6 49(A) (“[A]s long as medical or related treatment is reasonably necessary, the

7 employer shall . . . provide the worker in a timely manner reasonable and necessary

8 health care services from a health care provider.”). Worker did not present any

9 evidence that Dr. Gallardo submitted a request for an MRI to Employer or that

10 Employer denied such a request. Additionally, the WCJ did not issue any findings or

11 conclusion that would affirmatively bar Dr. Gallardo from submitting a request for

12 Worker to receive an updated lumbar MRI. Under these circumstances, the lack of

13 a specific finding or conclusion ordering an updated MRI on Worker’s back is not

14 error. 

15 {10} Employer also does not dispute that the IME panel recommended a

16 psychological evaluation of Worker. However, Employer contends that Worker’s

17 depression did not become an issue until the IME on August 25, 2011 and has not

18 been causally linked to any work-related condition. Indeed, the IME panel report

19 concluded that “[s]ince our specialty is neither psychology nor psychiatry, the
8

1 causation of [Worker]’s possible depression needs to be addressed by the specialist.”

2 At the formal hearing, Worker testified that he disclosed that he was depressed at the

3 IME to Dr. Julianna Garcia and said that the cause of his depression was the recent

4 death of his dog, without mentioning any other cause including his work-related

5 injuries. Dr. Gallardo testified that a referral to a psychologist would be appropriate

6 to determine how much of Worker’s depression is work-related. Worker testified that

7 Dr. Gallardo has not referred Worker to a psychologist, and Worker has never asked

8 Dr. Gallardo for a referral to a psychologist. 

9 {11} The WCJ did not err in not ordering a psychological evaluation in its findings

10 and conclusions. First, Worker did not present any evidence that his depression was

11 causally linked to his work-related injuries. See § 52-1-9(C) (stating that the right of

12 compensation requires that “the injury or death is proximately caused by accident

13 arising out of and in the course of his employment”). Second, as we have discussed,

14 the WCJ did find that Worker has a continuing need for medical care and treatment

15 for his injuries and nothing in the compensation order or findings and conclusions bars

16 Dr. Gallardo from seeking authorization for a psychological evaluation if he deems

17 it reasonably necessary for Worker’s continuing need for medical care and treatment

18 for Worker’s work-related injuries. See § 52-1-49(A) (“[A]s long as medical or

19 related treatment is reasonably necessary, the employer shall . . . provide the worker
9

1 in a timely manner reasonable and necessary health care services from a health care

2 provider.”). 

3 UROLOGIST IN LAS CRUCES

4 {12} Worker argues that he should be entitled to treatment by a urologist in Las

5 Cruces, New Mexico and that, if necessary, Employer should be required to pay the

6 urologist at his regular rates and in advance of treatment. Worker asserts that “due to

7 the nature and extent of his scrotum injuries . . .; his residence in Deming, NM; his

8 disability and resulting poverty; and his rather old and unreliable motor vehicle; it was

9 unreasonable for [Employer] to provide urological treatment only in Albuquerque,

10 NM.” Worker contends that he has been unable to get urological treatment in Las

11 Cruces “[d]ue to the unwillingness of urologists [in Las Cruces] to accept injured

12 workers as patients due to [Workers’ Compensation] insurers untimely and reduced

13 payments[.]” However, Worker fails to cite to the record for any of these factual

14 assertions, including that there are no urologists in Las Cruces that accept the

15 Workers’ Compensation fee schedule, untimely payments by insurers, or the age and

16 condition of Worker’s motor vehicle. On this basis alone, we reject Worker’s

17 contention. See Headley v. Morgan Mgmt. Corp., 2005-NMCA-045, ¶ 15, 137 N.M.

18 339, 110 P.3d 1076 (declining to address an argument that relied on several factual

19 assertions that were made without citation to the record). Additionally, Worker’s
10

1 half-page conclusory argument fails to address or cite to the regulations governing

2 allowable fees, reimbursements, billing dispute procedures, and cost containment

3 under the Act. See 11.4.7.6 NMAC (8/30/2002). This Court will not address

4 undeveloped or underdeveloped arguments on appeal. Zhao v. Montoya, 2012-

5 NMCA-056, ¶ 17, 280 P.3d 918. 

6 MAXIMUM MEDICAL IMPROVEMENT

7 {13} Worker argues that the WCJ erred by determining that Worker was at maximum

8 medical improvement from September 10, 2010 through December 21, 2011, because

9 Worker’s injuries have not been timely and fully evaluated. Worker relies on the

10 IME panel’s recommendation of an updated MRI on Worker’s back on August 25,

11 2011 to support his argument that Worker’s back injury was not at maximum medical

12 improvement. Additionally, without citation to the record and without arguing how

13 it relates to the WCJ’s determination of maximum medical improvement, Worker

14 contends that Employer refused to provide treatment at Deming Urology Services, that

15 all urologists in Las Cruces refuse to accept injured workers as patients, that he was

16 forced to get urological treatment in Albuquerque, and that his first urologist

17 terminated his services after Employer failed to pay the bill.

18 {14} The IME panel did not believe that Worker had reached maximum medical

19 improvement for either his testicle injury or his back injury. However, when
11

1 reviewing a WCJ’s factual findings, this Court “will not . . . substitute [its] judgment

2 for that of the [WCJ]; although the evidence may support inconsistent findings, [this

3 Court] will not disturb the [WCJ’s] findings if supported by substantial evidence on

4 the record as a whole.” Herman v. Miners’ Hosp., 111 N.M. 550, 552, 807 P.2d 734,

5 736 (1991). Dr. Gallardo placed Worker at maximum medical improvement as of

6 March 4, 2010 from his back injuries and assigned an 8% whole person impairment

7 rating. Additionally, Dr. Gallardo testified at his deposition that Worker reached

8 maximum medical improvement as of March 4, 2010 on his testicle injury if Worker

9 was not going to have a surgical procedure to address the problem. At his second

10 deposition, Dr. Gallardo testified that Worker’s left testicle injury had reached

11 maximum medical improvement on January 25, 2011, or that Worker reached

12 maximum medical improvement on the date he decided not to have surgery to address

13 the testicle injury or when he last saw a urologist. The WCJ found that Worker

14 reached maximum medical improvement on September 10, 2010, which coincided

15 with the last date Worker saw a urologist. Based on the evidence in the record, this

16 determination was supported by substantial evidence. 

17 WHOLE BODY IMPAIRMENT RATING

18 {15} Worker next challenges the WCJ’s finding of an 8% whole body impairment

19 as a result of his back injury. Worker bases his argument on American Medical
12

1 Association guidelines that provide an impairment range of 15-23% for disk

2 herniations at multiple levels and with documented residual radiculopathy. Dr.

3 Gallardo testified that Worker has two levels of disc herniations and a likely L5

4 residual radiculopathy. Worker therefore contends that the 8% impairment rating is

5 not supported by the record. 

6 {16} However, again, Worker overlooks substantial evidence that supports the

7 WCJ’s determination. The pre-trial order contained the stipulation that Dr. Gallardo,

8 as the authorized healthcare provider, assigned an 8% whole body impairment rating

9 for the back injury. Although Dr. Gallardo believed that Worker had a residual

10 radiculopathy on L5, he testified that he would need an electrodiagnositc study on

11 Worker in order to definitely determine if Worker suffered from residual

12 radiculopathy and that electrodiagnostic studies are needed to objectively show a

13 radiculopathy. Dr. Gallardo testified that Worker never underwent an

14 electrodiagnostic study to diagnose the radiculopathy.

15 {17} Worker does not point us to any evidence presented at the formal hearing

16 contrary to Dr. Gallardo’s impairment rating that would support a finding other than

17 an 8% impairment rating or that Worker had been sufficiently diagnosed with a

18 residual radiculopathy that would support a higher impairment rating. Under this
13

1 circumstance, we cannot say that the finding of an 8% impairment as a result of the

2 back injury was unsupported by substantial evidence. 

3 VOCATIONAL PURSUITS

4 {18} Worker next argues that he is entitled to one point for “training” or “vocational

5 pursuit” pursuant to Section 52-1-26.3(D) because there are countless vocational

6 pursuits that Worker cannot perform due to his work-related injuries and restrictions.

7 The WCJ determined that Worker was capable of performing a specific vocational

8 pursuit. Worker appears to argue that the proper construction of Section 52-1-26.3(D)

9 only requires a worker to demonstrate that the worker can no longer perform the

10 worker’s pre-injury occupation or show that there is a reduction of job opportunities.

11 However, Worker misconstrues Section 52-1-26.3.

12 {19} In Medina v. Berg Construction, Inc., 1996-NMCA-087, ¶ 22, 122 N.M. 350,

13 924 P.2d 1362, this Court held that “the ordinary meaning of [Section 52-1-26.3] is

14 that a worker who, at the time of his disability rating, is unable to return to any of his

15 former occupations due to his disability should receive one point.” Therefore, our

16 inquiry becomes whether the evidence was sufficient to show that Worker “could no

17 longer perform any of his prior occupations at or after the date of the hearing.”

18 Rodriguez, 1997-NMCA-062, ¶ 24.
14

1 {20} Initially, we note that the WCJ was not specific regarding which of Worker’s

2 previous occupations he believes Worker is presently capable of performing, and the

3 failure to include such specificity hinders appellate review. The WCJ determined that

4 Worker demonstrated a specific vocation preparation level of five in the ten years

5 prior to the formal hearing. Employer submitted evidence that Worker worked in a

6 real estate job in the ten years preceding the formal hearing and that the job has a

7 specific vocational preparation level of five and is classified as light duty. This

8 evidence is sufficient for a reasonable factfinder to conclude that Worker is not

9 entitled to one point for training or vocational pursuit under Section 52-1-26.3. 

10 LOSS OF PHYSICAL CAPACITY

11 {21} Worker next argues that the WCJ erred by determining that Worker could

12 perform light duty work and by not determining that Worker could only perform

13 sedentary work. The WCJ found that Worker had a physical loss of capacity from

14 heavy duty to light duty and assigned five modifier points pursuant to Section 52-1-

15 26.4. Worker contends that the IME panel opined that Worker was only capable of

16 performing sedentary work. Worker acknowledges that Dr. Gallardo testified that

17 Worker was capable of performing light duty work, however, he contends that Dr.

18 Gallardo’s opinion is against logic and reason because Dr. Gallardo also stated that
15

1 Worker is unable to perform work that requires frequent bending, twisting, stooping,

2 or squatting.

3 {22} Worker accurately summarizes the testimony and evidence presented to the

4 WCJ, including (1) the conflicting testimony between the IME panel’s opinion that

5 Worker can only perform sedentary work and Dr. Gallardo’s opinion that Worker

6 could perform light duty work; and (2) Dr. Gallardo’s opinion that Worker could not

7 perform work that requires frequent bending, twisting, stooping, or squatting. When

8 reviewing for substantial evidence, we view the evidence in the light most favorable

9 to the WCJ’s findings, and it is the exclusive province of the WCJ to resolve

10 inconsistencies in the testimony. See Rodriguez, 1997-NMCA-062, ¶ 23. Therefore,

11 the WCJ was entitled to resolve the inconsistency between Dr. Gallardo’s opinion and

12 the IME panel. 

13 {23} Further, Worker’s argument that Dr. Gallardo’s opinion should not have been

14 given credence because he also limited Worker from frequent bending, twisting,

15 stooping, or squatting and these limitations are inconsistent with an opinion that

16 Worker can perform light duty is not supported by the definition of light duty in the

17 Act. The Act defines light as 

18 the ability to lift up to twenty pounds occasionally or up to ten pounds

19 frequently. Even though the weight lifted may be only a negligible

20 amount, a job is in this category when it requires walking or standing to
16

1 a significant degree or when it involves sitting most of the time with a

2 degree of pushing and pulling of arm or leg controls or both[.]

3 Section 52-1-26.4(C)(3). This definition is not inconsistent with Dr. Gallardo’s

4 restriction that Worker cannot bend, twist, stoop, or squat frequently and therefore

5 does not render Dr. Gallardo’s opinion invalid. Substantial evidence supports the

6 WCJ’s finding that Worker could perform light duty work. 

7 IMPAIRMENT RATING

8 {24} Worker argues that the WCJ erred in finding that Worker’s combined whole

9 person rating impairment was only 11%. Worker contends that Dr. Gallardo is the

10 only authorized healthcare provider to assign an impairment rating and that he

11 assigned Worker a 14% impairment rating. Employer concedes the issue and agrees

12 that the only combined impairment rating assigned was by Dr. Gallardo and that it

13 should have been 14%. We therefore remand this case to the WCJ to enter a modified

14 compensation order reflecting a 14% impairment rating for Worker. 

15 CONCLUSION

16 {25} The WCJ’s determination that Worker had a whole body impairment rating of

17 14% is not supported by substantial evidence. Accordingly, we remand for an entry

18 of a modified compensation order. 

19 {26} IT IS SO ORDERED.
17

1 

2 JAMES J. WECHSLER, Judge

3 WE CONCUR:

4 _________________________________

5 RODERICK T. KENNEDY, Chief Judge

6 _________________________________

7 MICHAEL D. BUSTAMANTE, Judge