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Filed 8/29/22 In re K.W. CA3

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED

California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for 

publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication 

or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT

(Sacramento)

----

In re K.W., a Person Coming Under the Juvenile 

Court Law.

C095104

SACRAMENTO COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF 

CHILD, FAMILY AND ADULT SERVICES,

Plaintiff and Respondent,

v.

Y.J.,

Defendant and Appellant.

(Super. Ct. No. JD231767)

Mother of the minor K.W. appeals from the juvenile court’s October 2021 orders

appointing the minor’s foster parents as his legal guardians. Mother contends the 

visitation portion of the relevant orders must be reversed and remanded because of 

alleged inconsistencies and “conflicts,” as well as improper delegation of visitation 

authority to the guardian. Mother also argues the juvenile court abused its discretion and 
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violated her due process rights in requiring her to pay for the costs of visitation services. 

Disagreeing, we affirm. 

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

In June 2014, a dependency petition was filed in Los Angeles County pursuant to 

Welfare and Institutions Code section 300, subdivision (b); the minor was six years old.1 

The minor was declared a dependent in July 2014, and the case was transferred to 

Sacramento County in August 2014. In July 2016, the juvenile court terminated mother’s 

reunification services. 

In March 2021, the court set a selection and implementation hearing pursuant to 

section 366.26. The hearing was eventually held on October 21, 2021, with the court 

rejecting mother’s October 14 request to reset the hearing. The written order from the 

October 21 hearing issued on October 25. 

In its July 2021 selection and implementation report, the Sacramento County 

Department of Child, Family and Adult Services (Department) noted mother was 

participating in monthly supervised virtual visits. The minor had been living with his 

current foster family since June 2019, and he was happy and doing well. Both the minor 

and his foster family were interested in guardianship; the minor also wanted to continue 

contact with mother. The Department recommended suspending parental rights and 

appointing the minor’s current caregivers as his legal guardians. With respect to 

visitation, the Department recommended the juvenile court order: “The mother shall 

have regular visitation with the [minor] as follows: Visitation between the child and the 

mother to occur one time per month for 2 hours in a supervised setting provided by [an 

agency in San Francisco], with the cost to be paid by the mother. The Guardians will 

1

 Undesignated statutory references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code. 
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coordinate with the third-party agency to schedule the time, date, and location of each 

visit.” (Italics added.) 

The contested selection and implementation hearing was held on October 21, 

2021; at the hearing, mother asked the juvenile court to return the minor to her care for 

reasons not relevant here. Declining to do so, the court found clear and convincing 

evidence that it was unlikely the minor would be adopted and it would be detrimental to 

terminate parental rights given that the minor was over the age of 12 years. The court 

further noted that the foster family was unwilling to adopt but was willing and capable of 

providing the minor with a stable and permanent environment, and removal would be 

detrimental to the minor’s emotional well-being. The court orally made “all of the 

findings and orders reflected” in the Department’s July 2021 report, including the 

recommended visitation order. In addition, with respect to visitation, the court orally 

ordered that the parents “shall be allowed contact with the child as arranged with the 

guardians and subject to any reasonable means, including supervision as the guardian 

considers necessary.” No objections were raised to the order.

The juvenile court issued a written version of the order on October 25, 2021. With 

respect to visitation, the written order provides: “[Mother and father] shall be allowed 

contact with [the minor] as arranged with the guardian and subject to any reasonable 

conditions, including supervision, as the guardian considers necessary. [¶] Mother shall 

have regular visitation with the child as follows: Visitation between the child and mother

to occur one time per month for 2 hours in a supervised setting provided by [the San 

Francisco agency], with the cost to be paid by mother. The Guardians will coordinate 

with the third-party agency to schedule the time, date and location of each visit.” 

Mother appealed from the October 14, 21, and 25, 2021 orders, filing two separate 

notices of appeal that we address together in this opinion. After multiple extensions of 

the briefing schedule, the case was fully briefed in June 2022, and assigned to this panel 
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that same month. Neither party requested oral argument, and the case was deemed 

submitted on August 23, 2022.

DISCUSSION

I

Conflict Between Visitation Orders and Delegation of Visits

Mother first claims that “the juvenile court erred when it failed to make an 

appropriate visitation order for K.W. because the written and oral orders conflict with 

each other and improperly delegate authority to the guardians.” As we next explain, the 

claims fail to persuade.

A. Applicable Law and Arguments on Appeal

When reunification has been terminated and the juvenile court adopts a permanent 

plan of guardianship, it must order visitation with the parents “unless the court finds by a 

preponderance of the evidence that the visitation would be detrimental to the physical or 

emotional well-being of the child.” (§ 366.26, subd. (c)(4)(C); In re M.R. (2005) 132

Cal.App.4th 269, 274.) A court may permit a legal guardian to determine the logistics of 

visitation, including time, place, and manner. (In re Rebecca S. (2010) 181 Cal.App.4th 

1310, 1314.) However, leaving the frequency and duration of visits to a guardian’s 

discretion is impermissible because it allows the guardian to decide whether visitation 

actually will occur. (In re M.R., at p. 274; see also In re Rebecca S., at p. 1314.)

Pointing to the juvenile court’s statement during the October 21, 2021 hearing that 

mother “shall be allowed contact with the child as arranged with the guardians and 

subject to any reasonable means, including supervision as the guardian considers 

necessary,” mother argues the court erroneously failed to specify the duration, frequency, 

or location of the visits. She concludes this failure to orally specify the visitation details 

impermissibly delegated authority to the guardians to determine whether visits would 

occur. Implicitly conceding the same deficiency she alleges within the oral order does 

not present in the written order, she adds that the written order is internally inconsistent 
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because, although specifying the duration, frequency, and location of the visits, the order 

also allows the guardians to coordinate with the San Francisco agency to “schedule the 

time, date and location of each visit.” Mother further argues the latter direction 

impermissibly permits the guardians to decide whether visitation would actually occur. 

Finally, mother argues (somewhat redundantly) that the oral order is inconsistent with the 

written order because, unlike the written order, the oral order did not specify the duration, 

frequency, or location of the visits. 

Simply put, because the written order appears on its face to be more complete than 

the oral order, mother claims error for a variety of reasons.

B. Analysis

First, as we set forth ante, on October 21, 2021, the juvenile court orally adopted

the Department’s recommended orders from the July report. These recommendations 

provided for visitation once a month for two hours in a setting supervised by the San 

Francisco agency. Although that statement of the duration and frequency of the visits, as 

well as location of supervision, was not repeated verbatim by the juvenile court, it was 

incorporated by reference. It is part of the oral order. Any claim of inconsistency in that 

regard lacks merit.2

Second, and accordingly, in both the written and oral versions of the order, the 

juvenile court set the frequency (once a month), duration (two hours), and location (a 

setting supervised by the San Francisco agency) of the visits. Because the court properly 

established the required parameters for visitation, it did not err when it left it to the 

guardians to set the specific date and time for the monthly two-hour visits. (See In re 

M.R., supra, 132 Cal.App.4th at p. 274 [a juvenile court “may delegate authority to the 

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 For the same reason, mother’s undeveloped claim that “remand[] for correction” is 

warranted to reconcile the oral and written orders lacks merit. 
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legal guardian to decide the time, place, and manner in which visitation will take place,” 

so long as it has also specified the duration, frequency, and location of the visits].) 

II

Payment of Costs

Mother next claims that “[i]t was an abuse of discretion and denial of due process 

to require [her] to pay the costs of visitation services where [she] received no prior notice 

of the intended order, the order was not proposed or recommended by the department, the 

guardians agreed to pay for visitation services, [she] was never asked to pay visitation 

services, and the issue was never brought up or discussed in court.” 

Despite mother’s arguments to the contrary, the Department’s proposed visitation 

order specified that the costs for visitation were “to be paid by the mother” and, as we 

have described, this proposed order was incorporated by reference (along with the other 

proposed orders contained in the July 2021 report) by the juvenile court when it recited 

its oral order. Mother does not dispute that she had notice of the Department’s proposed 

visitation order prior to the October 21, 2021 hearing, which necessarily put her on notice 

that payment of visitation costs was at issue during the hearing. To the extent mother 

appears to argue sufficiency of the evidence in her reply brief, the argument comes too 

late. In any event, mother points to no authority requiring the Department to present 

evidence in support of a proposed order regarding payment of visitation costs absent 

objection from the party who is the subject of the order--in this case, mother. The abuse 

of discretion and due process claims fail. 

Finally, to the extent mother argues she was unaware that the juvenile court was 

adopting the proposed cost order during the hearing, the argument fails to persuade. As 

we have explained ante, the court made clear during the October 21 hearing that it was 

adopting the department’s proposed orders, which included the proposed visitation cost 

order. Under the circumstances, we find no error. 
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DISPOSITION

The orders are affirmed. 

 /s/

Duarte, Acting P. J.

We concur:

 /s/

Hoch, J.

 /s/

Earl, J.