II 

110TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 494 

To endorse further enlargement of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization 

(NATO) and to facilitate the timely admission of new members to NATO, 

and for other purposes. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

FEBRUARY 6, 2007 

Mr. LUGAR introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred 

to the Committee on Foreign Relations 

A BILL 

To endorse further enlargement of the North Atlantic Treaty 

Organization (NATO) and to facilitate the timely admission of new members to NATO, and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘NATO Freedom Con5 solidation Act of 2007’’. 

6 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

7 Congress makes the following findings: 

8 (1) The sustained commitment of the North At9 lantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to mutual deVerDate Aug 31 2005 00:14 Feb 09, 2007 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S494.IS S494

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1 fense has made possible the democratic trans2 formation of Central and Eastern Europe. Members 

3 of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization can and 

4 should play a critical role in addressing the security 

5 challenges of the post-Cold War era in creating the 

6 stable environment needed for those emerging de7 mocracies in Europe. 

8 (2) Lasting stability and security in Europe re9 quires the military, economic, and political integra10 tion of emerging democracies into existing European 

11 structures. 

12 (3) In an era of threats from terrorism and the 

13 proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, the 

14 North Atlantic Treaty Organization is increasingly 

15 contributing to security in the face of global security 

16 challenges for the protection and interests of its 

17 member states. 

18 (4) In the NATO Participation Act of 1994 

19 (title II of Public Law 103–447; 22 U.S.C. 1928 

20 note), Congress declared that ‘‘full and active par21 ticipants in the Partnership for Peace in a position 

22 to further the principles of the North Atlantic Trea23 ty and to contribute to the security of the North At24 lantic area should be invited to become full NATO 


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1 members in accordance with Article 10 of such 

2 Treaty at an early date. . .’’. 

3 (5) In the NATO Enlargement Facilitation Act 

4 of 1996 (title VI of section 101(c) of title I of divi5 sion A of Public Law 104–208; 22 U.S.C. 1928 

6 note), Congress called for the prompt admission of 

7 Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Slovenia 

8 to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and de9 clared that ‘‘in order to promote economic stability 

10 and security in Slovakia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, 

11 Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Moldova, and Ukraine 

12 . . . the process of enlarging NATO to include 

13 emerging democracies in Central and Eastern Eu14 rope should not be limited to consideration of admit15 ting Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Slo16 venia as full members of the NATO Alliance’’. 

17 (6) In the European Security Act of 1998 (title 

18 XXVII of division G of Public Law 105–277; 22 

19 U.S.C. 1928 note), Congress declared that ‘‘Poland, 

20 Hungary, and the Czech Republic should not be the 

21 last emerging democracies in Central and Eastern 

22 Europe invited to join NATO’’ and that ‘‘Romania, 

23 Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Bulgaria . . . would 

24 make an outstanding contribution to furthering the 

25 goals of NATO and enhancing stability, freedom, 


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1 and peace in Europe should they become NATO 

2 members [and] upon complete satisfaction of all rel3 evant criteria should be invited to become full NATO 

4 members at the earliest possible date’’. 

5 (7) In the Gerald B. H. Solomon Freedom Con6 solidation Act of 2002 (Public Law 107–187; 22 

7 U.S.C. 1928 note), Congress endorsed ‘‘. . . the vi8 sion of further enlargement of the NATO Alliance 

9 articulated by President George W. Bush on June 

10 15, 2001, and by former President William J. Clin11 ton on October 22, 1996’’. 

12 (8) At the Madrid Summit of the North Atlan13 tic Treaty Organization in July 1997, Poland, Hun14 gary, and the Czech Republic were invited to join 

15 the Alliance, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organi16 zation heads of state and government issued a dec17 laration stating ‘‘[t]he alliance expects to extend fur18 ther invitations in coming years to nations willing 

19 and able to assume the responsibilities and obliga20 tions of membership . . . [n]o European democratic 

21 country whose admission would fulfill the objectives 

22 of the [North Atlantic] Treaty will be excluded from 

23 consideration’’. 

24 (9) At the Washington Summit of the North 

25 Atlantic Treaty Organization in April 1999, the 


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1 North Atlantic Treaty Organization heads of state 

2 and government issued a communique ́ declaring 

3 ‘‘[w]e pledge that NATO will continue to welcome 

4 new members in a position to further the principles 

5 of the [North Atlantic] Treaty and contribute to 

6 peace and security in the Euro-Atlantic area . . . 

7 [t]he three new members will not be the last . . . 

8 [n]o European democratic country whose admission 

9 would fulfill the objectives of the Treaty will be ex10 cluded from consideration, regardless of its geo11 graphic location . . .’’. 

12 (10) In May 2000 in Vilnius, Lithuania, the 

13 foreign ministers of Albania, Bulgaria, Estonia, Lat14 via, Lithuania, the Republic of Macedonia, Romania, 

15 Slovakia, and Slovenia issued a statement (later 

16 joined by Croatia) declaring that— 

17 (A) their countries will cooperate in jointly 

18 seeking membership in the North Atlantic 

19 Treaty Organization in the next round of en20 largement of the North Atlantic Treaty Organi21 zation; 

22 (B) the realization of membership in the 

23 North Atlantic Treaty Organization by one or 

24 more of these countries would be a success for 

25 all; and 


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1 (C) eventual membership in the North At2 lantic Treaty Organization for all of these coun3 tries would be a success for Europe and for the 

4 North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 

5 (11) On June 15, 2001, in a speech in Warsaw, 

6 Poland, President George W. Bush stated ‘‘[a]ll of 

7 Europe’s new democracies, from the Baltic to the 

8 Black Sea and all that lie between, should have the 

9 same chance for security and freedom—and the 

10 same chance to join the institutions of Europe—as 

11 Europe’s old democracies have . . . I believe in 

12 NATO membership for all of Europe’s democracies 

13 that seek it and are ready to share the responsibil14 ities that NATO brings . . . [a]s we plan to enlarge 

15 NATO, no nation should be used as a pawn in the 

16 agenda of others . . . [w]e will not trade away the 

17 fate of free European peoples . . . [n]o more 

18 Munichs . . . [n]o more Yaltas . . . [a]s we plan 

19 the Prague Summit, we should not calculate how lit20 tle we can get away with, but how much we can do 

21 to advance the cause of freedom’’. 

22 (12) On October 22, 1996, in a speech in De23 troit, Michigan, former President William J. Clinton 

24 stated ‘‘NATO’s doors will not close behind its first 

25 new members . . . NATO should remain open to all 


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1 of Europe’s emerging democracies who are ready to 

2 shoulder the responsibilities of membership . . . 

3 [n]o nation will be automatically excluded . . . [n]o 

4 country outside NATO will have a veto . . . [a] gray 

5 zone of insecurity must not reemerge in Europe’’. 

6 (13) At the Prague Summit of the North Atlan7 tic Treaty Organization in November 2002, Bul8 garia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slo9 vakia, and Slovenia were invited to join the Alliance 

10 in the second round of enlargement of the North At11 lantic Treaty Organization since the end of the Cold 

12 War, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization 

13 heads of state and government issued a declaration 

14 stating ‘‘NATO’s door will remain open to European 

15 democracies willing and able to assume the respon16 sibilities and obligations of membership, in accord17 ance with Article 10 of the Washington Treaty’’. 

18 (14) On May 8, 2003, the United States Senate 

19 unanimously approved the Resolution of Ratification 

20 to Accompany Treaty Document No. 108–4, Proto21 cols to the North Atlantic Treaty of 1949 on Acces22 sion of Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Roma23 nia, Slovakia, and Slovenia, inviting Bulgaria, Esto24 nia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and SloVerDate Aug 31 2005 00:14 Feb 09, 2007 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S494.IS S494

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1 venia to join the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza2 tion. 

3 (15) At the Istanbul Summit of the North At4 lantic Treaty Organization in June 2004, the North 

5 Atlantic Treaty Organization heads of state and gov6 ernment issued a communique ́ reaffirming that 

7 NATO’s door remains open to new members, declar8 ing ‘‘[w]e celebrate the success of NATO’s Open 

9 Door Policy, and reaffirm tody that our seven new 

10 members will not be the last. The door to member11 ship remains open. We welcome the progress made 

12 by Albania, Croatia, and the former Yugoslav Re13 public of Macedonia (1) in implementing their An14 nual National Programmes under the Membership 

15 Action Plan, and encourage them to continue pur16 suing the reforms necessary to progress toward 

17 NATO membership. We also commend their con18 tribution to regional stability and cooperation. We 

19 want all three countries to succeed and will continue 

20 to assist them in their reform efforts. NATO will 

21 continue to assess each country’s candidacy individ22 ually, based on the progress made towards reform 

23 goals pursued through the Membership Action Plan, 

24 which will remain the vehicle to keep the readiness 

25 of each aspirant for membership under review. We 


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1 direct that NATO Foreign Ministers keep the en2 largement process, including the implementation of 

3 the Membership Action Plan, under continual review 

4 and report to us. We will review at the next Summit 

5 progress by aspirants towards membership based on 

6 that report’’. 

7 (16) Georgia and Ukraine have stated their de8 sire to join the Euro-Atlantic community, and in 

9 particular, are seeking to join the North Atlantic 

10 Treaty Organization. Georgia and Ukraine are work11 ing closely with the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza12 tion and its members to meet criteria for eventual 

13 membership in NATO. 

14 (17) At a press conference with President Mi15 khail Saakashvili of Georgia in Washington, D.C. on 

16 July 5, 2006, President George W. Bush stated that 

17 ‘‘. . . I believe that NATO would benefit with Geor18 gia being a member of NATO, and I think Georgia 

19 would benefit. And there’s a way forward through 

20 the Membership Action Plan . . . And I’m a believer 

21 in the expansion of NATO. I think it’s in the world’s 

22 interest that we expand NATO’’. 

23 (18) Following a meeting of NATO Foreign 

24 Ministers in New York on September 21, 2006, 

25 NATO Secretary General Jaap de Hoop Scheffer 


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1 announced the launching of an Intensified Dialogue 

2 on membership between the Alliance and Georgia. 

3 (19) At the NATO-Ukraine Commission Sum4 mit in Brussels in February 2005, President of 

5 Ukraine Victor Yushchenko declared membership in 

6 NATO as the ultimate goal of Ukraine’s cooperation 

7 with the Alliance and expressed Ukraine’s desire to 

8 conclude a Membership Action Plan. 

9 (20) At the NATO-Ukraine Commission For10 eign Ministerial meeting in Vilnius in April 2005, 

11 NATO and Ukraine launched an Intensified Dia12 logue on the potential membership of Ukraine in 

13 NATO. 

14 (21) At the Riga Summit of the North Atlantic 

15 Treaty Organization in November 2006, the Heads 

16 of State and Government of the member countries of 

17 NATO issued a declaration reaffirming that NATO’s 

18 door remains open to new members, declaring that 

19 ‘‘all European democratic countries may be consid20 ered for MAP (Membership Action Plan) or admis21 sion, subject to decision by the NAC (North Atlantic 

22 Council) at each stage, based on the performance of 

23 these countries towards meeting the objectives of the 

24 North Atlantic Treaty. We direct that NATO For25 eign Ministers keep that process under continual reVerDate Aug 31 2005 00:14 Feb 09, 2007 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S494.IS S494

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1 view and report to us. We welcome the efforts of Al2 bania, Croatia, and the former Yugoslav Republic of 

3 Macedonia to prepare themselves for the responsibil4 ities and obligations of membership. We reaffirm 

5 that the Alliance will continue with Georgia and 

6 Ukraine its Intensified Dialogues which cover the 

7 full range of political, military, financial and security 

8 issues relating to those countries’ aspirations to 

9 membership, without prejudice to any eventual Alli10 ance decision. We reaffirm the importance of the 

11 NATO-Ukraine Distinctive Partnership, which has 

12 its 10th anniversary next year and welcome the 

13 progress that has been made in the framework of 

14 our Intensified Dialogue. We appreciate Ukraine’s 

15 substantial contributions to our common security, in16 cluding through participation in NATO-led oper17 ations and efforts to promote regional cooperation. 

18 We encourage Ukraine to continue to contribute to 

19 regional security. We are determined to continue to 

20 assist, through practical cooperation, in the imple21 mentation of far-reaching reform efforts, notably in 

22 the fields of national security, defence, reform of the 

23 defence-industrial sector and fighting corruption. We 

24 welcome the commencement of an Intensified Dia25 logue with Georgia as well as Georgia’s contribution 


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1 to international peacekeeping and security oper2 ations. We will continue to engage actively with 

3 Georgia in support of its reform process. We encour4 age Georgia to continue progress on political, eco5 nomic and military reforms, including strengthening 

6 judicial reform, as well as the peaceful resolution of 

7 outstanding conflicts on its territory. We reaffirm 

8 that it is of great importance that all parties in the 

9 region should engage constructively to promote re10 gional peace and stability.’’. 

11 (22) Contingent upon their continued imple12 mentation of democratic, defense, and economic re13 form, and their willingness and ability to meet the 

14 responsibilities of membership in the North Atlantic 

15 Treaty Organization and a clear expression of na16 tional intent to do so, Congress calls for the timely 

17 admission of Albania, Croatia, Georgia, Macedonia, 

18 and Ukraine to the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza19 tion to promote security and stability in Europe. 

20 SEC. 3. DECLARATIONS OF POLICY. 

21 Congress— 

22 (1) reaffirms its previous expressions of support 

23 for continued enlargement of the North Atlantic 

24 Treaty Organization contained in the NATO Partici25 pation Act of 1994, the NATO Enlargement FaciliVerDate Aug 31 2005 00:14 Feb 09, 2007 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S494.IS S494

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1 tation Act of 1996, the European Security Act of 

2 1998, and the Gerald B. H. Solomon Freedom Con3 solidation Act of 2002; 

4 (2) supports the commitment to further en5 largement of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization 

6 to include European democracies that are able and 

7 willing to meet the responsibilities of Membership, as 

8 expressed by the Alliance in its Madrid Summit Dec9 laration of 1997, its Washington Summit 

10 Communique ́ of 1999, its Prague Summit Declara11 tion of 2002, its Istanbul Summit Communique ́ of 

12 2004, and its Riga Summit Declaration of 2006; 

13 and 

14 (3) endorses the vision of further enlargement 

15 of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization articu16 lated by President George W. Bush on June 15, 

17 2001, and by former President William J. Clinton 

18 on October 22, 1996, and urges our allies in the 

19 North Atlantic Treaty Organization to work with the 

20 United States to realize a role for the North Atlantic 

21 Treaty Organization in promoting global security, 

22 including continued support for enlargement to in23 clude qualified candidate states, specifically by enter24 ing into a Membership Action Plan with Georgia and 

25 recognizing the progress toward meeting the responVerDate Aug 31 2005 00:14 Feb 09, 2007 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S494.IS S494

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1 sibilities and obligations of NATO membership by 

2 Albania, Croatia, Georgia, Macedonia, and Ukraine. 

3 SEC. 4. DESIGNATION OF ALBANIA, CROATIA, GEORGIA, 

4 MACEDONIA, ANND UKRAINE AS ELIGIBLE TO 

5 RECEIVE ASSISTANCE UNDER THE NATO 

6 PARTICIPATION ACT OF 1994. 

7 (a) DESIGNATION.— 

8 (1) ALBANIA.—The Republic of Albania is des9 ignated as eligible to receive assistance under the 

10 program established under section 203(a) of the 

11 NATO Participation Act of 1994 (title II of Public 

12 Law 103–447; 22 U.S.C. 1928 note), and shall be 

13 deemed to have been so designated pursuant to sec14 tion 203(d)(1) of such Act. 

15 (2) CROATIA.—The Republic of Croatia is des16 ignated as eligible to receive assistance under the 

17 program established under section 203(a) of the 

18 NATO Participation Act of 1994, and shall be 

19 deemed to have been so designated pursuant to sec20 tion 203(d)(1) of such Act. 

21 (3) GEORGIA.—Georgia is designated as eligible 

22 to receive assistance under the program established 

23 under section 203(a) of the NATO Participation Act 

24 of 1994, and shall be deemed to have been so des25 ignated pursuant to section 203(d)(1) of such Act. 


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1 (4) MACEDONIA.—The Republic of Macedonia 

2 is designated as eligible to receive assistance under 

3 the program established under section 203(a) of the 

4 NATO Participation Act of 1994, and shall be 

5 deemed to have been so designated pursuant to sec6 tion 203(d)(1) of such Act. 

7 (5) UKRAINE.—Ukraine is designated as eligi8 ble to receive assistance under the program estab9 lished under section 203(a) of the NATO Participa10 tion Act of 1994, and shall be deemed to have been 

11 so designated pursuant to section 203(d)(1) of such 

12 Act. 

13 (b) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—The designation of 

14 the Republic of Albania, the Republic of Croatia, Georgia, 

15 the Republic of Macedonia, and Ukraine pursuant to sub16 section (a) as eligible to receive assistance under the pro17 gram established under section 203(a) of the NATO Par18 ticipation Act of 1994— 

19 (1) is in addition to the designation of Poland, 

20 Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Slovenia pursu21 ant to section 606 of the NATO Enlargement Facili22 tation Act of 1996 (title VI of section 101(c) of title 

23 I of division A of Public Law 104–208; 22 U.S.C. 

24 1928 note), the designation of Romania, Estonia, 

25 Latvia, Lithuania, and Bulgaria pursuant to section 


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1 2703(b) of the European Security Act of 1998 (title 

2 XXVII of division G of Public Law 105–277; 22 

3 U.S.C. 1928 note), and the designation of Slovakia 

4 pursuant to section 4(a) of the Gerald B. H. Sol5 omon Freedom Consolidation Act of 2002 (Public 

6 Law 107–187; 22 U.S.C. 1928 note) as eligible to 

7 receive assistance under the program established 

8 under section 203(a) of the NATO Participation Act 

9 of 1994; and 

10 (2) shall not preclude the designation by the 

11 President of other countries pursuant to section 

12 203(d)(2) of the NATO Participation Act of 1994 as 

13 eligible to receive assistance under the program es14 tablished under section 203(a) of such Act. 

15 SEC. 5. AUTHORIZATION OF SECURITY ASSISTANCE FOR 

16 COUNTRIES DESIGNATED UNDER THE NATO 

17 PARTICIPATION ACT OF 1994. 

18 Of the amounts made available for fiscal year 2008 

19 under section 23 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 

20 U.S.C. 2763) such sums as may be necessary are author21 ized to be appropriated for assistance to the Republic of 

22 Albania, the Republic of Croatia, Georgia, the Republic 

23 of Macedonia, and Ukraine. 

Æ 


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