NUMBER 13-17-00607-CV

COURT OF APPEALS

THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG

SETH RIVERA, Appellant,

v.

BAPTIST FOUNDATION

OF TEXAS, Appellee.

On appeal from the 404th District Court 

of Cameron County, Texas.

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Before Chief Justice Contreras and Justices Benavides and Yañez1

Memorandum Opinion by Justice Yañez

Appellant Seth Rivera appeals the trial court’s denial of his motion for summary 

 1 Retired Thirteenth Court of Appeals Justice Linda Yañez, assigned to this Court by the Chief 

Justice of the Supreme Court of Texas pursuant to the government code. See TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN.

§ 74.003.
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judgment. By his sole issue, Rivera contends the trial court erred in ruling that the statute 

of limitations period had not run for the collection and foreclosure of real estate. We 

affirm.

I. BACKGROUND

 Rivera purchased real property from the Verbeek family in 1999. He made 

monthly lien note payments pursuant to the terms of their agreement. Rivera made his 

last payment on December 14, 2007 and was subsequently delinquent on his payments. 

On or about April 23, 2008, Verbeek’s attorney sent Rivera a “Demand for Payment” 

which referenced the note’s optional acceleration clause (2008 demand). Verbeek did 

not foreclose on the lien. 

Subsequently, appellee Baptist Foundation of Texas (Baptist Foundation) inherited 

Verbeek’s interest in the property. On or about February 9, 2016, Baptist Foundation sent 

Rivera a notice of foreclosure and notice of substitute trustee sale for the property. Rivera 

sued Baptist Foundation, seeking to enjoin Baptist Foundation from foreclosing. Baptist 

Foundation answered and filed a counterclaim. Rivera filed a motion for summary 

judgment arguing that because demand for payment was made in April 2008, the

applicable four-year statute of limitations barred Baptist Foundation from foreclosing on 

the property eight years later. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 16.035(a). 

Following a hearing, the trial court denied Rivera’s motion, and after a bench trial, it 

rendered judgment in favor of Baptist Foundation. This appeal followed.

II. SUMMARY JUDGMENT

By his first issue, Rivera challenges the trial court’s denial of his motion for 

summary judgment. 
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A. Standard of Review 

We review de novo a trial court’s ruling on a summary judgment motion. Wells 

Fargo Bank, N.A. v. Ballestas, 355 S.W.3d 187, 191 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2011, 

no pet.). To succeed on a summary judgment motion under Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 

166a(c), a movant must establish that there is no genuine issue of material fact so that 

the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(c); Wells 

Fargo, 355 S.W.3d at 191. A plaintiff moving for summary judgment on its affirmative 

claims must conclusively prove all elements of its cause of action or defense as a matter 

of law. TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(c); Holy Cross Church of God in Christ v. Wolf, 44 S.W.3d 

562, 566 (Tex. 2001). To conclusively establish a matter, the movant must show that 

reasonable minds could not differ as to the conclusion to be drawn from the evidence.

City of Keller v. Wilson, 168 S.W.3d 802, 814 (Tex. 2005). The evidence is reviewed in 

the light most favorable to the non-movant, crediting favorable evidence if reasonable 

jurors could and disregarding contrary evidence unless reasonable jurors could not. 

Wells Fargo, 355 S.W.3d at 191.

B. Applicable Law

A foreclosure suit must be filed within four years after the cause of action accrues. 

TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 16.035(a). A cause of action for foreclosure does 

not accrue “until the maturity date of the last note, obligation, or installment.” Id. 

§ 16.035(e). “On the expiration of the four-year limitations period, the real property lien 

and a power of sale to enforce the real property lien become void.” Id. § 16.035(d). If a 

note contains an optional acceleration clause, defaulting on the note does not 

automatically begin the statute of limitations. Holy Cross, 44 S.W.3d at 566. Rather, the 
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statute of limitations does not start to run until the holder of the note actually exercises its 

option to accelerate. Id. “Effective acceleration requires two acts: (1) notice of intent to 

accelerate, and (2) notice of acceleration.” Id. Each notice must be “clear and 

unequivocal.” Id. (quoting Shumway v. Horizon Credit Corp., 801 S.W.2d 890, 893 (Tex. 

1991)).

C. Discussion 

On April 23, 2008, Verbeek’s attorney sent Rivera a “Demand for Payment” which 

included the following notice of intent to accelerate: 

In the event that the past due and owing amount has not been brought 

current by that date, the principal balance due and owing on the note will be 

accelerated and I have been instructed to commence proceedings to 

foreclose on the property under the Deed of Trust lien.

Rivera argues the 2008 demand accelerated the note and triggered the four-year 

limitations period because it was an unequivocal notice of intent to accelerate and notice 

to accelerate. However, the 2008 demand merely provided notice of intent to accelerate

if Rivera did not become current on his payments. In fact, Rivera acknowledges that 

Verbeek sent Rivera a “Demand for Payment and Notice of Intent to Accelerate on or 

about April 23, 2008.” Furthermore, the language within the notice was clear and 

unequivocal: if payment is not made, the balance will be accelerated. See Holy Cross, 

44 S.W.3d at 566 (providing that an optional acceleration clause must be actually

exercised to start running of limitations). Such notice of intent to accelerate fulfilled only 

the first step of effective acceleration and did not trigger the limitations period. See id.;

Karam v. Brown, 407 S.W.3d 464 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2013, no pet.) (“So long as it is 

preceded by the required notice of intent to accelerate, notice of a trustee’s sale 

constitutes unequivocal action indicating the debt is accelerated”); Burney v. Citigroup 
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Glob. Mkts Realty Corp., 244 S.W.3d 900, 904 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2008, no pet.) (holding 

that notice of filing an expedited application for foreclosure after the requisite notice of 

intent to accelerate is sufficient to constitute notice of acceleration); Meadowbrook 

Gardens, Ltd. v. WMFMT Real Estate Ltd. P’ship, 980 S.W.2d 916, 919 (Tex. App.—Fort 

Worth 1998, pet. denied) (holding that notice of intent to accelerate coupled with notice 

of foreclosure sale amounted to notice of acceleration); McLemore v. Pac. Sw. Bank, 

FSB, 872 S.W.2d 286, 292–93 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 1994, writ dism’d) (holding that 

notice of intent to accelerate followed by notice of trustee’s sale constitutes notice of 

acceleration). Therefore, we conclude that summary judgment in Rivera’s favor would 

have been improper. Accordingly, we overrule Rivera’s sole issue. 

III. CONCLUSION

We affirm the trial court’s judgment.

LINDA YAÑEZ,

Justice

Delivered and filed the

27th day of June, 2019.