2008 Decisions

Opinions of the United

States Court of Appeals

for the Third Circuit

8-28-2008

Ping v. Atty Gen USA

Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 07-3975

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NOT PRECEDENTIAL

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

___________

No. 07-3975

___________

QIU PING,

 Petitioner

v.

ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES

____________________________________

On Petition for Review of an Order of the

Board of Immigration Appeals

(Agency No. A 96 208 766)

Immigration Judge: Honorable Miriam K. Mills

____________________________________

Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)

August 27, 2008

Before: SLOVITER, STAPLETON and COWEN, Circuit Judges

(Opinion filed: August 28, 2008)

___________

OPINION

___________

PER CURIAM

Qiu Ping, a citizen of China, seeks review of the order of the Board of Immigration

Appeals (“BIA”) affirming the order of removal by the Immigration Judge (“IJ”). For the

reasons that follow, we will deny the petition for review.
2

Ping entered the United States in April 2004 without a valid entry document and

was charged with removability on that basis; he conceded the charge of removability. 

Because he expressed fear of returning to China, he received a credible fear interview in

May 2004. Ping applied for asylum, withholding of removal, and relief under the

Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). In support, he submitted a statement and other

documents, including a letter from his father.

At his credible fear interview, Ping alleged that government officials came to the

family home and destroyed the door and other property because the family’s taxes were

unpaid. He noted that his family could not afford to pay the taxes. Ping further noted that

he was attacked by “local individuals” because his father owed them money. When asked

whether the local individuals were connected with the government or the police, Ping

initially indicated that they were not, but later clarified that they had connections insofar

as their wealth enabled them to avoid problems with the authorities. Ping stated that he

feared returning to China because of the repercussions he would face for having left

China illegally.

In his asylum application, Ping restated his claim that his family was a target of

government collection officials because of the family’s tax debts. He noted that in

August 2002, he was dismissed from school for failure to pay school fees. In April 2003,

tax enforcement officials came to his family’s house and forcibly took property. Ping

stated that he tried to reason with the officials, but the officials later sought to prosecute
3

him, forcing him to go into hiding and to flee the country.

The IJ held an evidentiary hearing, at which Ping testified. Ping stated that his

family owed agricultural taxes and that his parents could not afford to pay them, and

because the family did not respond to a notice to pay in full or else face an additional fine,

officials came to the house in April 2003. When asked by the IJ how he was harmed for

not paying taxes, Ping testified that the officials who came to the house beat him and his

parents, attempted to inflict punishment through court rulings, and beat him and his

parents a second time. Ping further stated that his parents were arrested and detained for

one week. Ping also testified regarding his expulsion from school for failure to pay the

school fees, which were paid together with the agricultural taxes.

 When asked why his father did not mention the beatings in his letter submitted in

support of the asylum application, Ping replied that he did not know the reason. When

asked to explain his statement in his credible fear interview that he was beaten by local

individuals but was not directly attacked by the government, Ping indicated that those

individuals worked for the government. When asked to explain why that assertion was

not presented in his written application, Ping indicated that the facts in his application

were described generally.

The IJ found that Ping was not credible, denied all relief, and ordered Ping

removed to China. The IJ cited the inconsistencies between Ping’s written application

statement, his credible fear interview, and his testimony. Specifically, the IJ relied on
4

Ping’s inability to reconcile his testimony that he and his parents were beaten by the

authorities with his written statement and credible fear interview that omitted mention of

those beatings. The IJ also noted that the letter from Ping’s father also failed to mention

the beatings. Further, the IJ found that even if Ping testified credibly concerning the

government’s confiscation of family property and expulsion from school as a result of the

family’s failure to pay taxes, such harm did not rise to the level of persecution. In

conclusion, the IJ found that Ping failed to establish any imputed political opinion based

on the family’s inability to pay taxes, that Ping’s testimony regarding any government

involvement in assaults on the family was incredulous, and that the harm suffered did not

amount to torture within the meaning of the CAT. The BIA affirmed without opinion. 

Ping has filed a petition for review of the agency’s final decision.

We have jurisdiction to review the agency’s final order of removal under 8 U.S.C.

§ 1252(a). Because the BIA affirmed the IJ’s decision without opinion, we review the

IJ’s decision and reasoning. See Chen v. Gonzalez, 434 F.3d 212, 216 (3d Cir. 2005). 

Our review is for substantial evidence, that is, “[w]e will defer to and uphold the IJ’s

adverse credibility determinations if they are ‘supported by reasonable, substantial, and

probative evidence on the record considered as a whole,’ but such findings must be based

on inconsistencies and improbabilities that ‘go to the heart of the asylum claim.’” Id.
 Under the REAL ID Act, an adverse credibility determination can be based on 1

inconsistencies and other factors without regard to whether they go to the heart of an

applicant’s claim. 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii). Ping applied for asylum before May 11,

2005, and therefore the REAL ID Act’s new standard for credibility determinations does

not apply to him. Chukwu v. Attorney Gen., 484 F.3d 185, 189 (3d Cir. 2007).

5

(quoting INS v. Elias-Zacarias, 502 U.S. 478, 481 (1992)) (internal citation omitted).1

We must affirm “unless the evidence not only supports a contrary conclusion, but

compels it.” Zubeda v. Ashcroft, 333 F.3d 463, 471 (3d Cir. 2003) (citations omitted).

Ping challenges the agency’s determination that he was not credible and maintains

that his testimony was consistent in the relevant details. In support, Ping states that his

responses during his credible fear interview regarding the beatings by local individuals

are consistent with his hearing testimony that those individuals worked for the

government. Ping bases this assertion on his interview statements indicating that the

individuals had connections with the government and wielded power due to their wealth. 

We are not persuaded by Ping’s arguments, as they rely on a selective interpretation of his

interview responses. Taken in context, Ping’s responses indicate that the individuals

responsible for the beatings were “individuals who [his] father owed money to,” and that

they were not connected with the government. (A.R. 273.) That is, Ping’s responses do

not compel the interpretation that the individuals were private contractors working as

government collection agents, as suggested in Ping’s hearing testimony and as argued in

his brief. Further, no beatings–whether by private individuals or by government

officials–are mentioned in Ping’s written asylum application statement. Moreover, Ping’s
Because we conclude that substantial evidence supports the adverse credibility 2

finding, we need not address the agency’s alternative conclusion that, even if credible,

Ping did not satisfy his burden of proof on the substance of his asylum and withholding

of removal claims. However, we note that Ping argues in his brief that he was persecuted

on account of a political opinion (refusal to pay taxes, rather than an inability to pay

taxes) by private actors that the government was unwilling or unable to control. It does

not appear from the record that Ping ever presented this theory for asylum eligibility

during the agency proceedings, and in any event, the record does not show that Ping

established eligibility on that basis.

6

father’s letter does not corroborate his testimony that he and his parents were beaten

because the letter omits any reference to those beatings. These discrepancies directly

impact Ping’s claim of government persecution.

We conclude that the adverse credibility finding was based on specific reasonable

and substantial evidence supported by the record. Finally, regarding his CAT claim, 2

Ping has not shown that the agency erred in concluding that he did not make the requisite

showing that it is more likely than not that he would be tortured if he returns to China.

We will deny the petition for review.