II 

Calendar No. 88 

110TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 627 

To amend the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 

to improve the health and well-being of maltreated infants and toddlers 

through the creation of a National Court Teams Resource Center, to 

assist local Court Teams, and for other purposes. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

FEBRUARY 15, 2007 

Mr. HARKIN (for himself, Mr. SMITH, Mr. SPECTER, Mr. MARTINEZ, Mr. 

KERRY, Mr. COLEMAN, Mr. GRASSLEY, Mr. SCHUMER, and Mr. 

ISAKSON) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred 

to the Committee on the Judiciary 

MARCH 26, 2007 

Reported by Mr. LEAHY, without amendment 

A BILL 

To amend the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention 

Act of 1974 to improve the health and well-being of 

maltreated infants and toddlers through the creation of 

a National Court Teams Resource Center, to assist local 

Court Teams, and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 


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1 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

2 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Safe Babies Act of 

3 2007’’. 

4 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

5 The Congress finds as follows: 

6 (1) Children three years of age and younger 

7 have the highest rates of victimization. Infants and 

8 toddlers are twice as likely as all other children to 

9 become victims of child maltreatment. Children ages 

10 three and younger are also 32 percent more likely to 

11 be placed in foster care than children ages four to 

12 eleven. Once placed in foster care, children three 

13 years of age and younger are more likely than older 

14 children to be abused and neglected, and they tend 

15 to stay in foster care longer than older children. 

16 (2) Infants and toddlers are the most vulner17 able to the effects of maltreatment. Research shows 

18 that young children who have experienced physical 

19 abuse have lower social competence, show less empa20 thy for others, and have difficulty recognizing oth21 ers’ emotions. They are also more likely than chil22 dren who have not been maltreated to have deficits 

23 in IQ scores, language ability, and school perform24 ance. 

25 (3) Research shows that the human brain has 

26 achieved 80 to 85 percent of its adult size by the age 


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1 of three. During those early years, the brain is de2 veloping the vast majority of its basic capacity, the 

3 development of which can determine future achieve4 ment or failure. Therefore, infants and toddlers in 

5 foster care are spending the most critical develop6 mental period in situations that may be detrimental 

7 to healthy growth and development. 

8 (4) Children under the age of four account for 

9 81 percent of child fatalities, and children under the 

10 age of one account for 45 percent of such fatalities. 

11 (5) Child welfare systems are not meeting the 

12 needs of the children who rely on public intervention 

13 to protect them. In the Child and Family Service 

14 Reviews for fiscal years 2003 and 2004, the Admin15 istration for Children and Families revealed that, of 

16 19 States studied for performance on Child and 

17 Family Services Review indicators, none of the 

18 States achieved all of the specified outcomes, and all 

19 of the States failed to meet the outcome related to 

20 the provision of physical and mental health services 

21 to children in foster care. 

22 (6) Judges can be powerful catalysts for change 

23 in the way communities address the needs of mal24 treated infants and toddlers. A groundbreaking 

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1 dicial Circuit of Florida has combined the leadership 

2 of a family court judge with expertise in early child3 hood development. This ground breaking collabora4 tion is ensuring that infants and toddlers receive the 

5 services they need. Mental health and parenting 

6 intervention services are provided for parents and 

7 children together. Initial results are promising in 

8 terms of eliminating further abuse and neglect and 

9 promoting safety and well-being through timely per10 manent placements. 

11 SEC. 3. COURT TEAMS. 

12 Title II of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Pre13 vention Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5611 et seq.) is amend14 ed— 

15 (1) by redesignating part F as part G; and 

16 (2) by inserting after part E the following new 

17 part: 

18 ‘‘PART F—COURT TEAMS 

19 ‘‘SEC. 271. COURT TEAMS PROGRAM AUTHORIZED. 

20 ‘‘(a) GRANT AUTHORIZED.—The Administrator shall 

21 award a grant to a national early childhood development 

22 organization to— 

23 ‘‘(1) establish a National Court Teams Re24 source Center to— 


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1 ‘‘(A) promote the well-being of maltreated 

2 infants and toddlers and their families (includ3 ing the special problems created by substance 

4 abuse, particularly methamphetamine abuse); 

5 ‘‘(B) help prevent the recurrence of abuse 

6 and neglect of children; and 

7 ‘‘(C) promote timely reunification of fami8 lies or other successful permanency outcomes 

9 for maltreated infants and toddlers in foster 

10 care; and 

11 ‘‘(2) select, and provide assistance to, local 

12 Court Teams created to achieve the goals described 

13 in paragraph (1). 

14 ‘‘(b) GRANT DURATION.—The grant awarded under 

15 this part shall be for a period of 5 years, and shall be 

16 renewable at the discretion of the Administrator. 

17 ‘‘SEC. 272. ELIGIBILITY; APPLICATION; SELECTION OF 

18 GRANTEE. 

19 ‘‘(a) ELIGIBILITY.—To be eligible to receive the grant 

20 described in section 271, an entity shall be a national early 

21 childhood development organization, as defined in section 

22 276, that has— 

23 ‘‘(1) specific expertise in the development of in24 fants and toddlers; 


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1 ‘‘(2) experience in incorporating the expertise 

2 described in paragraph (1) into the judicial system 

3 to promote change in the way courts address cases 

4 involving maltreated infants and toddlers in foster 

5 care; and 

6 ‘‘(3) the capacity— 

7 ‘‘(A) to establish and maintain the Na8 tional Court Teams Resource Center described 

9 in section 273; and 

10 ‘‘(B) to support the implementation and 

11 activities of local Court Teams by providing the 

12 assistance required under this part. 

13 ‘‘(b) APPLICATION.—An entity desiring to receive the 

14 grant described in section 271 shall submit an application 

15 to the Administrator, at such time, in such manner, and 

16 containing such information as the Administrator may re17 quire. Such application shall— 

18 ‘‘(1) describe the expertise of the entity in in19 fant and toddler development, including any experi20 ence relevant to the ability of the entity to oversee 

21 the implementation of local Court Teams, and the 

22 capacity of the entity to provide assistance to local 

23 Court Teams; 

24 ‘‘(2) include a detailed plan describing how the 

25 entity will establish and maintain the National Court 


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1 Teams Resource Center, and how the entity will 

2 carry out the activities of such Center, as described 

3 in section 273; and 

4 ‘‘(3) explain the process the entity will use to 

5 select local Court Teams to receive assistance under 

6 this part, including an assurance that the entity will 

7 give priority to applications that— 

8 ‘‘(A) demonstrate the commitment of— 

9 ‘‘(i) at least one qualified judge to 

10 lead the local Court Team and serve as Ju11 dicial Leader of the Court Team; and 

12 ‘‘(ii) community agencies serving mal13 treated infants and toddlers and their fam14 ilies in such jurisdiction to participate in 

15 the local Court Team; 

16 ‘‘(B) describe the population of maltreated 

17 infants and toddlers in the community within 

18 the jurisdiction of the court over which the 

19 qualified judge presides, including— 

20 ‘‘(i) any problems contributing to the 

21 placement of maltreated infants and tod22 dlers under the supervision of the court 

23 (including the impact of parental substance 

24 abuse, and particularly methamphetamine 

25 abuse); and 


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1 ‘‘(ii) any challenges faced by the court 

2 in making decisions that are in the best in3 terests of such maltreated infants and tod4 dlers; and 

5 ‘‘(C) describe how the local Court Team 

6 will carry out the activities required under sec7 tion 274; 

8 ‘‘(4) demonstrate the ability to meet the all se9 lection criteria, including— 

10 ‘‘(A) special expertise in the developmental 

11 needs of children three years of age and young12 er; 

13 ‘‘(B) a demonstrated record of providing 

14 resources to parents and other caregivers re15 garding the healthy growth and development of 

16 their children; 

17 ‘‘(C) a demonstrated record of providing 

18 resources for practitioners in the fields of child 

19 development, early child care and education, 

20 family support, pediatrics, child welfare, and 

21 mental health; 

22 ‘‘(D) extensive knowledge about how expo23 sure to violence (including domestic violence, 

24 community violence, and child maltreatment) 


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1 influences the growth and development of in2 fants and toddlers; 

3 ‘‘(E) a documented history of collaboration 

4 with public and private sector groups working 

5 to improve the lives of maltreated infants and 

6 toddlers, including collaboration with judges at 

7 the local level; 

8 ‘‘(F) the capacity to analyze child welfare 

9 policy at the local, State, and national levels 

10 and to offer research-based solutions to the 

11 problems confronting child welfare systems 

12 across the country; and 

13 ‘‘(G) the ability to manage multiple com14 plex national resource centers and related ac15 tivities, including strategic planning, team 

16 building, infrastructure development, training 

17 for multidisciplinary professionals at all levels, 

18 materials development for multiple audiences in 

19 a variety of formats, and conference planning 

20 and delivery at the local, State, regional, and 

21 national levels; and 

22 ‘‘(5) include any other information the Adminis23 trator may require, including any assurance required 

24 by the Administrator that the entity, if selected, will 

25 give special consideration to applications that have a 


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1 significant number of child welfare cases in the ju2 risdiction of the court over which the qualified judge 

3 presides in which substance abuse, and particularly 

4 methamphetamine abuse, is involved. 

5 ‘‘(c) SELECTION OF GRANTEE.—In considering grant 

6 applications under this part, the Administrator shall select 

7 the national early childhood development organization that 

8 demonstrates— 

9 ‘‘(1) the greatest ability to satisfy the criteria 

10 described in subsection (b)(4); and 

11 ‘‘(2) the most extensive experience in address12 ing the needs of abused and maltreated infants and 

13 toddlers through training and technical assistance 

14 provided to judges, multidisciplinary professionals 

15 and community leaders. 

16 ‘‘SEC. 273. NATIONAL COURT TEAMS RESOURCE CENTER. 

17 ‘‘(a) GENERAL ACTIVITIES.—The national early 

18 childhood development organization receiving the grant 

19 authorized under section 271 shall establish and maintain 

20 a National Court Teams Resource Center, which shall 

21 carry out the following activities: 

22 ‘‘(1) Develop a process for selecting, and select, 

23 local Court Teams to receive assistance under this 

24 part. 


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1 ‘‘(2) Develop materials to guide qualified judges 

2 in the decision-making process regarding maltreated 

3 infants and toddlers, and to train members of local 

4 Court Teams and others in the community regarding 

5 the appropriate care of maltreated infants and tod6 dlers, including the importance of— 

7 ‘‘(A) stable foster care placements; 

8 ‘‘(B) frequent parent-child visitation; 

9 ‘‘(C) reduction of the recurrence of abuse 

10 and neglect; 

11 ‘‘(D) improving health and well-being; and 

12 ‘‘(E) timely permanent placement. 

13 ‘‘(3) Conduct national meetings and training 

14 sessions for local Court Teams. 

15 ‘‘(4) Develop a database that shall be— 

16 ‘‘(A) available to each local Court Team to 

17 track such Court Team’s progress; and 

18 ‘‘(B) used by the National Court Teams 

19 Resource Center to facilitate evaluation of the 

20 local Court Teams receiving assistance under 

21 this part. 

22 ‘‘(5) Provide information to communities and 

23 courts around the country seeking to adopt the 

24 Court Teams approach, including information re25 lated to— 


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1 ‘‘(A) the incorporation of knowledge about 

2 infant and toddler development into the resolu3 tion of cases by judges with jurisdiction over 

4 children in foster care; and 

5 ‘‘(B) methods to change State and local 

6 government systems for addressing the needs of 

7 infants and toddlers in the foster care, and 

8 their families. 

9 ‘‘(6) Any other activity necessary to provide the 

10 assistance required under subsection (b). 

11 ‘‘(b) ASSISTANCE TO LOCAL COURT TEAMS.—Assist12 ance provided to local Court Teams by the National Court 

13 Teams Resource Center shall include— 

14 ‘‘(1) providing direction, coordination, and over15 sight of the implementation of local Court Teams, as 

16 needed; 

17 ‘‘(2) providing a Local Community Coordinator 

18 for each local Court Team, who shall— 

19 ‘‘(A) be selected by the National Court 

20 Teams Resource Center after consultation with 

21 the Judicial Leader of the local Court Team; 

22 ‘‘(B) serve as a resource of child develop23 ment expertise for the local Court Team; and 


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1 ‘‘(C) promote coordination (in the jurisdic2 tion of the court over which the Judicial Leader 

3 presides) between— 

4 ‘‘(i) community agencies that serve 

5 children; and 

6 ‘‘(ii) providers of resources to support 

7 maltreated infants and toddlers; 

8 ‘‘(3) providing training and technical assistance 

9 to local Court Teams, including— 

10 ‘‘(A) individual consultation on site, 

11 through telephone conversations, and through 

12 responses to emailed information requests; 

13 ‘‘(B) networking assistance and facilitation 

14 of telephone conference calls among Judicial 

15 Leaders and local Court Team members in dif16 ferent jurisdictions to discuss issues of common 

17 concern; 

18 ‘‘(C) development and dissemination of 

19 training materials, including fact sheets, tem20 plate forms, and sample operational materials 

21 developed by local Court Teams; and 

22 ‘‘(D) training for local Court Teams re23 lated to— 

24 ‘‘(i) the impact of abuse and neglect 

25 on infants and toddlers; and 


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1 ‘‘(ii) improved decision-making by 

2 courts regarding maltreated infants and 

3 toddlers to reduce the recurrence of abuse 

4 and neglect and improve developmental 

5 outcomes; and 

6 ‘‘(4) organizing local training for community 

7 members of jurisdictions in which local Court Teams 

8 are located, which shall relate to the particular needs 

9 of infants and toddlers exposed to maltreatment and 

10 trauma, including topics such as— 

11 ‘‘(A) general infant and toddler develop12 ment; 

13 ‘‘(B) the impact of abuse and neglect on 

14 development; 

15 ‘‘(C) a relationship-based mental health 

16 intervention model for parents and children to17 gether; 

18 ‘‘(D) best-practices in family interactions; 

19 ‘‘(E) evidence-based parenting interven20 tions; and 

21 ‘‘(F) services available to foster children in 

22 the community. 

23 ‘‘SEC. 274. LOCAL COURT TEAMS. 

24 ‘‘(a) APPLICATION.—An entity desiring to receive the 

25 assistance for local Court Teams made available under 


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1 this part shall submit an application to the National Court 

2 Teams Resource Center at such time, in such manner, and 

3 containing such information as the National Court Teams 

4 Resource Center may require. 

5 ‘‘(b) ELIGIBILITY.—To be eligible to receive assist6 ance under this part, a local Court Team shall be com7 prised of— 

8 ‘‘(1) a Judicial Leader, who shall be a qualified 

9 judge, and who shall lead and oversee the implemen10 tation and ongoing activities of the local Court 

11 Team; 

12 ‘‘(2) a Local Community Coordinator, selected 

13 and provided by the National Court Teams Resource 

14 Center in accordance with section 273(b)(2); and 

15 ‘‘(3) no fewer than six key stakeholders who— 

16 ‘‘(A) are members of the community in 

17 which the local Court Team is located; 

18 ‘‘(B) are committed to working to restruc19 ture the way the jurisdiction responds to the 

20 needs of maltreated infants and toddlers; and 

21 ‘‘(C) represent a variety of individuals in22 volved with the care of maltreated infants and 

23 toddlers, which may include pediatricians, child 

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1 stance abuse treatment providers, Early Head 

2 Start and child care providers, Court Improve3 ment Program staff, and any other individuals 

4 who are involved in the care of maltreated in5 fants and toddlers. 

6 ‘‘(c) REQUIRED USE OF ASSISTANCE.—A local Court 

7 Team shall use any assistance received under this part to 

8 carry out the following activities: 

9 ‘‘(1) Conducting monthly case reviews of each 

10 case handled by the local Court Team, in which all 

11 individuals and organizations involved in a case meet 

12 to review progress in such case, and to monitor and 

13 track referral to, delivery of, and barriers against, 

14 services for maltreated infants and toddlers and 

15 their families. 

16 ‘‘(2) Incorporating child-focused services into 

17 case plans for maltreated infants and toddlers, in18 cluding services such as medical, developmental, and 

19 mental health interventions and, as appropriate, 

20 services for children and parents together. 

21 ‘‘(3) Organizing the provision of local training 

22 (provided by the National Court Teams Resource 

23 Center) to community members of the jurisdiction in 

24 which the local Court Team is located, including 

25 court officials, child welfare agencies, attorneys, 


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1 Guardians Ad Litem, court-appointed special advo2 cates, and other individuals and organizations pro3 viding services to infants and toddlers in foster care. 

4 ‘‘(4) Identifying areas in the community in need 

5 of improved mental health and substance abuse 

6 treatment, and assisting the National Court Teams 

7 Resource Center in improving mental health treat8 ment for parents and children together, and sub9 stance abuse treatment for families (including moth10 ers and children), as needed. 

11 ‘‘(5) Utilizing resource materials disseminated 

12 by the National Court Teams Resource Center to 

13 guide judges in the decision-making process regard14 ing maltreated infants and toddlers, and to provide 

15 training for Court Team members. 

16 ‘‘(6) Participating in the national evaluation 

17 conducted by the Administrator in accordance with 

18 section 275, to determine the extent to which the ac19 tivities of the local Court Team reduce the recur20 rence of abuse and neglect and improve health and 

21 developmental outcomes for maltreated infants and 

22 toddlers. 

23 ‘‘(d) PERMISSIBLE USE OF ASSISTANCE.—A local 

24 Court may use the assistance received under this part to 

25 carry out the following activities: 


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1 ‘‘(1) Developing processes for responding to pa2 rental substance abuse, such as— 

3 ‘‘(A) coordinating with local law enforce4 ment agencies to allow rapid response teams to 

5 intervene quickly on behalf of infants and tod6 dlers who are identified by law enforcement per7 sonnel as being present during illegal activities 

8 related to methamphetamines or other illegal 

9 substances; and 

10 ‘‘(B) establishing and maintaining relation11 ships with substance abuse treatment programs 

12 to increase access to treatment for parents of 

13 maltreated infants and toddlers. 

14 ‘‘(2) Identifying the areas in the community in 

15 need of early childhood mental health services, and 

16 assisting the National Court Teams Resource Center 

17 in providing relationship-based early childhood men18 tal health services by providing training on parent19 child psychotherapy to mental health providers. 

20 ‘‘(3) Any other activities that help meet the 

21 needs and improve the health and developmental 

22 outcomes of maltreated infants and toddlers in fos23 ter care. 


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1 ‘‘SEC. 275. EVALUATIONS AND REPORTS. 

2 ‘‘(a) EVALUATION FORM.—Not later than 6 months 

3 after the date of the enactment of this Act, the National 

4 Court Teams Resource Center shall create, and distribute 

5 to each local Court Team, an evaluation form that shall 

6 be used to periodically collect any data from local Court 

7 Teams that the National Court Teams Resource Center 

8 determines may be relevant to the reports required by sub9 section (b). 

10 ‘‘(b) REPORTS TO CONGRESS BY THE ADMINIS11 TRATOR.—At the end of the three-year period beginning 

12 on the date of the enactment of this Act, and again at 

13 the end of the five-year period beginning on such date of 

14 enactment, the Administrator shall— 

15 ‘‘(1) compile the data collected in the periodic 

16 evaluation forms completed by each local Court 

17 Team; 

18 ‘‘(2) conduct a national evaluation of Court 

19 Teams, based on such compilation of data; and 

20 ‘‘(3) report to Congress on the effectiveness of 

21 Court Teams, including the extent to which local 

22 Court Teams are— 

23 ‘‘(A) improving access to services for mal24 treated infants and toddlers; 

25 ‘‘(B) reducing the recurrence of abuse and 

26 neglect; 


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1 ‘‘(C) promoting permanent placements of 

2 maltreated infants and toddlers; and 

3 ‘‘(D) improving the developmental out4 comes for maltreated infants and toddlers who 

5 have been in foster care. 

6 ‘‘SEC. 276. DEFINITIONS. 

7 ‘‘For the purposes of this part: 

8 ‘‘(1) COURT-APPOINTED SPECIAL ADVOCATE.— 

9 The term ‘court-appointed special advocate’ means 

10 an individual who is trained by a recognized court11 appointed special advocate program and appointed 

12 by a court to advocate for the best interests of chil13 dren who come into the court system primarily as a 

14 result of abuse or neglect. 

15 ‘‘(2) COURT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM.—The 

16 term ‘Court Improvement Program’ means a pro17 gram authorized under section 438 of the Social Se18 curity Act (42 U.S.C. 629h). 

19 ‘‘(3) GUARDIAN AD LITEM.—The term ‘Guard20 ian Ad Litem’ means an attorney or court-appointed 

21 special advocate who is appointed by a court to ad22 vocate for the best interests of children who come 

23 into the court system primarily as a result of abuse 

24 or neglect. 


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1 ‘‘(4) MALTREATED INFANT OR TODDLER.—The 

2 term ‘maltreated infant or toddler’ means any child 

3 three years of age or younger who is the victim of 

4 a substantiated case of physical abuse, neglect, med5 ical neglect, sexual abuse, or emotional abuse. 

6 ‘‘(5) NATIONAL EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOP7 MENT ORGANIZATION.—The term ‘national early 

8 childhood development organization’ means a na9 tional, private, nonprofit organization— 

10 ‘‘(A) that is dedicated to supporting the 

11 healthy development and well-being of infants, 

12 toddlers, and their families; and 

13 ‘‘(B) that has the capacity for research, 

14 training, information dissemination, and leader15 ship development in all of the professional dis16 ciplines related to infants and toddlers three 

17 years of age and younger. 

18 ‘‘(6) QUALIFIED JUDGE.—The term ‘qualified 

19 judge’ means a judge who presides over a court that 

20 has jurisdiction over children in foster care, such as 

21 a judge for a dependency court or family court.’’. 

22 SEC. 4. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

23 Section 299 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency 

24 Prevention Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5671) is amended— 

25 (1) in subsection (a)— 


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1 (A) in the header, by striking ‘‘PARTS C 

2 AND E)’’ and inserting ‘‘PARTS C, E, AND F)’’; 

3 and 

4 (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘parts C 

5 and E)’’ and inserting ‘‘parts C, E, and F)’’; 

6 (2) by redesignating subsection (d) as sub7 section (e); and 

8 (3) by inserting after subsection (c) the fol9 lowing new subsection: 

10 ‘‘(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR

11 PART F.—There are authorized to be appropriated to 

12 carry out part F, $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2008, 

13 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012.’’. 


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Calendar No. 88 

110TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 627 

A BILL 

To amend the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency 

and for other purposes. Resource Center, to assist local Court Teams, through the creation of a National Court Teams and well-being of maltreated infants and toddlers Prevention Act of 1974 to improve the health 

MARCH 26, 2007 

Reported without amendment 


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