NO. 07-06-0314-CV

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE SEVENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

AT AMARILLO

PANEL B

AUGUST 27, 2008

______________________________

IN THE MATTER OF THE MARRIAGE OF

PEGGY COLLINS AND RICKY LEE TIPTON

_________________________________

FROM THE 320TH DISTRICT COURT OF POTTER COUNTY;

NO. 71,990-D; HONORABLE DON EMERSON, JUDGE

_______________________________

Before QUINN, C.J., and CAMPBELL and HANCOCK, JJ.

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Appellant Ricky Tipton, proceeding pro se, appeals from the final decree of divorce

terminating his marriage with appellee Peggy Collins. Through his four points of error,

Tipton contends that: (1) the trial court erred by failing to notify him that the trial date had

been set on May 23, 2006; (2) the trial court abused its discretion by failing to acknowledge

and act on motions placed before it; (3) the trial court erred in entering a default judgment

on May 23, 2006; and (4) the trial court erred because there was no mention of community

property in the proposed mediation on Final Divorce Decree that was pronounced and

rendered on May 23, 2006. We affirm.
 At all times pertinent to these proceedings, Tipton was incarcerated in the Texas 1

Department of Criminal Justice, at a unit in Fort Stockton, Texas. He also acted pro se at

trial.

2

Background

Collins and Tipton were married on October 8, 2003 and ceased to live together as

husband and wife in February 2005. Collins filed a petition for divorce a year later,

requesting the trial court to divide the community estate and alleging she owned certain

separate property. She requested that the trial court confirm that separate property as her

separate property and estate. She further alleged that the value of the marital estate was

more than zero but less than $50,000.

Tipton filed an original answer. In his answer, he alleged that while Collins did 1

indeed own separate real property, he had significantly enhanced the property during

marriage. He asserted the value of the enhancements was $40,000 and requested that the

trial court divide the monetary value of this enhancement with other community property

as the court deemed just and proper. Tipton did not assert any property as his separate

property and did not assert the value of the entire community estate. 

Thereafter, Tipton filed several pleadings, including his Request to Court Reporter

to Make a Full Record and Preserve All Notes, a Notice of Motion and Motion for

Temporary Injunction, a Request for Hearing and Appearance by Telephone on Motion for

Temporary Injunction, a Motion for Appearance by Telephone at Final Divorce Hearing,

and a Motion to Reschedule Final Divorce Hearing and Instruct Parties to Prepare a
 Tex. R. Civ. P. 245. 2

3

Written Agreement. The record does not reflect that the trial court acted on any of these

pleadings or that the trial court was ever made aware of them.

On May 23, 2006, the trial court granted the divorce and, by a final decree of divorce,

confirmed some 127 acres of real property and improvements as Collins’ separate property

and other real property as Tipton’s separate property. The trial court also made various

other awards to each party. The trial court later executed a Final Decree of Divorce Nunc

Pro Tunc, correcting errors in the original final decree. Tipton timely appealed. 

Analysis

Notice of Hearing

In Tipton’s first point of error on appeal, he asserts the trial court failed to notify him

of the hearing date set for May 23, 2006. However, as Collins points out, Tipton’s own

Motion to Reschedule Final Divorce Hearing and Instruct Parties to Prepare a Written

Agreement denotes his awareness of the hearing date. Indeed, he states “Respondent

received notice of this date through a brief letter from counsel, prior to the failed May 4,

2006 telephone call.” Consequently, Tipton had notice of the hearing date prior to May 4,

2006. 

It may be, however, that Tipton’s true complaint is he was not provided notice at least

45 days prior to the hearing as required by Rule of Civil Procedure 245. The record before 2

us does not make clear exactly when Tipton received notice; we know only that the record
4

indicates that appellee’s counsel sent notice to him on April 6, 2006 and he received notice

sometime before May 4, 2006. In any event, he did not timely and specifically object on the

basis of insufficiency of notice under Rule 245 as required. See State Farm Fire & Casualty

Co. v. Price, 845 S.W.2d 427, 432 (Tex.App.–Amarillo 1992, writ dism’d by agreement)

(stating that by “failing to timely and specifically object to the first setting on the basis of

insufficiency of notice under rule 245, State Farm failed to preserve any error for our

review”). As Collins notes, Tipton’s request stated his awareness of the date of the hearing

and asked the trial court to reschedule. He never objected to the sufficiency or the

timeliness of the notice but only asked the court to reschedule the final hearing date until

after the trial court had ruled on his motion for telephonic appearance. No appellate

complaint about the sufficiency or timeliness of his notice of the trial date has been

preserved for our review. Tex. R. App. P. 33.1. We overrule Tipton’s first point of error.

Tipton’s Motions Before the Trial Court

In his second point of error, Tipton asserts the trial court erred by failing to rule

explicitly on a number of pleadings requesting action by the trial court. Collins argues that

Tipton failed to take any steps to bring any of these requests to the attention of the trial

court and thus, it was not an abuse of discretion for the trial court to fail to take action. 

We do not find in the record any indication that Tipton objected or otherwise raised

this point before the trial court. To preserve a complaint for appellate review, a party must

present a timely objection to the trial court, state the specific grounds for the objection, and

obtain a ruling. Likewise, if the court refused to rule, the complaining party must have
5

objected to the refusal. Tex. R. App. P. 33.1(a). Therefore, Tipton has not preserved his

complaint for appeal and we overrule his second point of error. Tex. R. App. P. 33.1(a).

Entry of Default Judgment

Via his third point of error, Tipton contends the trial court erred in entering a default

judgment on May 23, 2006. Collins correctly points out that pursuant to Rule of Civil

Procedure 324, one must set forth a point in a motion for new trial challenging the failure

to set aside a judgment by default. Tex. R. Civ. P. 324; Massey v. Columbia State Bank,

35 S.W.3d 697, 699 (Tex.App.–Houston [1 Dist.] 2001, pet. denied). Because Tipton st

failed to file a Motion for New Trial, he has failed to preserve his complaint for our review.

Tex. R. App. P. 33.1. 

However, Tipton’s appeal can also be regarded as a challenge to the factual

sufficiency of the evidence supporting the trial court’s default judgment. In a case tried to

the court, the appealing party need not file a motion for new trial to preserve legal or factual

sufficiency points on appeal. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 324(a), (b); In re Marriage of Parker, 20

S.W.3d 812, 816 (Tex.App.–Texarkana 2000, no pet.); O’Farrill Avila v. Gonzalez, 248

(Tex.App.–San Antonio 1998, pet. denied). Underlying Tipton’s complaints on appeal is

his contention that because he was unable to participate in the divorce proceedings, he was

not able to bring forth evidence concerning the division of the marital property or evidence

to support his claims regarding his entitlement to reimbursement. Thus, appellant argues,

the court considered only Collins’ evidence in reaching its judgment and in doing so,

rendered a judgment based on insufficient evidence.
6

On the record before us, we cannot find the evidence insufficient to support the trial

court’s judgment. Trial courts have wide discretion in making a just and right division of

marital property. Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 7.001 (Vernon 2006). Appellate courts must

indulge every reasonable presumption in favor of the trial court’s proper exercise of

discretion in dividing marital property. Murff v. Murff, 615 S.W.2d 696, 698 (Tex. 1981); In

re Marriage of Humble, No. 07-06-0201-CV, 2008 WL 55111 (Tex.App.–Amarillo, Jan. 4,

2008, no pet.) (mem. op.). When an appellant challenges the trial court’s order on legal

or factual sufficiency grounds, we do not treat these as independent grounds of reversible

error but, instead, consider them as factors relevant to our assessment of whether the trial

court abused its discretion. Zorilla v. Wahid, 83 S.W.3d 247, 253 (Tex.App.–Corpus Christi

2002, no pet.); Crawford v. Hope, 898 S.W.2d 937, 940-41 (Tex.App.–Amarillo 1995, writ

denied); Thomas v. Thomas, 895 S.W.2d 895, 898 (Tex.App.–Waco 1995, writ denied).

Here, Collins testified at the hearing. Her testimony, while brief, confirmed, among

other things, the community and separate property of the parties. From the record before

us, we cannot say the trial court’s division of the marital property involved an abuse of

discretion. Accordingly, we overrule Tipton’s third point of error.

Community Property

Tipton’s fourth point of error is unclear. Appellant first challenges the failure to

include certain community property in the Proposed Mediation on Final Divorce Decree and

argues that because of this failure, the mediation was not successful. We do not have the

Proposed Mediation in the record before us and cannot consider Tipton’s exhibits attached
 If this were the case, appellant’s remedy lies in Section 9.203 of the Family Code. 3

See Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 9.203 (Vernon 2006).

7

to his brief. See WorldPeace v. Commission for Lawyer Discipline, 183 S.W.3d 451, 465,

n.23 (Tex.App.–Houston [14 Dist.] 2005, no pet.). 

th

We believe, however, appellant is actually complaining that the trial court failed to

divide certain assets in the final decree and erred with regard to appellant’s entitlement to

reimbursement. Appellant supports his argument with several documents attached to his 3

brief. As noted previously, we cannot consider the attachments and can only act on the

record before us. See WorldPeace, 183 S.W.3d at 465, n.23; Cherqui v. Westheimer Street

Festival Corp., 116 S.W.3d 337, 342, n.2 (Tex.App.–Houston [14 Dist.] 2003, no pet.) th

(noting that “we cannot consider documents attached as appendices to briefs and must

consider a case based upon the record filed”). Tipton’s fourth point of error presents

nothing for us to review on appeal. We overrule Tipton’s fourth point of error.

We affirm the trial court’s entry of the Final Decree of Divorce.

James T. Campbell

 Justice