AIN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA

FIFTH DISTRICT

NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO

 FILE MOTION FOR REHEARING AND

DISPOSITION THEREOF IF FILED

AARON MICHAEL ANNATONE,

Appellant,

v. Case No. 5D15-4097

STATE OF FLORIDA,

Appellee.

________________________________/

Opinion filed August 12, 2016 

Appeal from the Circuit Court 

for Volusia County,

Terence R. Perkins, Judge.

James S. Purdy, Public Defender, and 

Robert E. Wildridge, Assistant Public 

Defender, Daytona Beach, for 

Appellant.

Pamela Jo Bondi, Attorney General, 

Tallahassee, and Pamela J. Koller, 

Assistant Attorney General, Daytona 

Beach, for Appellee.

LAWSON, C.J. 

Aaron Annatone appeals the portion of his sentence that increased restitution from 

$4500 to $45,000 after the plea and sentencing hearing concluded. Annatone argues 

that this increase violated the prohibition against double jeopardy. Finding no double 

jeopardy violation, we affirm.
2

Aaron Annatone and two other co-defendants were charged with multiple 

burglaries, thefts, and other crimes, in multiple charging documents. Annatone faced 

potential life sentences on several of the more serious charges, and significant 

term-of-years sentences on other charges. Ultimately, all co-defendants entered 

negotiated pleas to resolve all cases and all charges. One of the plea terms, to which 

Annatone agreed, was full restitution to the victims. The restitution amounts were to be 

reflected in civil judgments in favor of each victim, with Annatone and his other codefendants jointly and severally liable for the agreed restitution amounts. One of the codefendants entered pleas prior to trial. On the day of trial, both Annatone and his 

remaining co-defendant (his brother) decided to accept the State’s offer—with Aaron 

Annatone (hereinafter “Appellant”) the first of the two brothers to enter his plea. With 

respect to this case and the restitution amount, the prosecutor explained the offer for 

Appellant’s brother, as follows:

And then on the other cases there . . . plea to grand theft. 

Adjudication, 15 years DOC, restitution is 45,000 to . . . [the 

victim], joint and several, converted to civil judgment, 

concurrent to the other sentence.

A few seconds later, the prosecutor outlined Appellant’s plea offer for that same charge: 

2013-305892, plea to grand theft. Adjudication, 12 years 

DOC, 45,000 to the victim joint and several, converted to a 

civil judgment.

When Appellant and his brother decided to accept the plea offers (resolving all 

cases with reduced charges and an overall sentence, for Appellant, of twelve years in 

prison, with no probation to follow), the court took a break while the attorneys and 

defendants completed written plea forms—one for each of Appellant’s four cases. When 

the proceedings resumed a few minutes later, Appellant’s counsel reviewed the 
3

agreement again on the record, explaining with respect to this charge and restitution 

amount:

In the case ending in 892, he’s going to be pleaing [sic] to 

grand theft over $20,000. It’s going to be adjudication of guilt, 

12 years Department of Corrections with credit for 1,012 days. 

There’s going to be restitution in the amount of 45,000 to [the 

victim] joint and several with co-defendants, converted to civil 

judgment, and that is going to be run concurrent to—the court 

costs in all cases is going to be concurrent to all current 

sentence [sic] and all sentences pled to today.

Immediately thereafter, the trial judge administered an oath to Appellant, and 

conducted a thorough plea colloquy. As part of this colloquy, Appellant confirmed that 

“by signing those [four] plea agreements . . . [he was] indicating [his] agreement to the 

terms of the plea that [his counsel] just described . . . in open court” (emphasis added). 

Although the record clearly reflects that the agreed restitution in this case was 

$45,000, the plea form submitted to the court erroneously reflected a restitution amount 

of $4500. And, in pronouncing sentence, the trial court announced this lower amount. 

After the pronouncement of sentence, Appellant was led from the courtroom and his 

attorney left. The judge then began the plea hearing for Appellant’s brother. When 

discussing the brother’s pleas, the judge recognized the discrepancy between the amount 

he had read into the record a few minutes earlier and the supposedly joint and several 

obligation for a much higher amount on the brother’s plea form. The prosecutor confirmed 

what both she and Appellant’s counsel had explained at Appellant’s plea hearing a few 

minutes earlier—that the agreed restitution amount for this case (and for all codefendants) was $45,000. The prosecutor suggested that when the restitution order was 

entered, it should be in the correct amount of $45,000—and stated that she would discuss 

the matter with Appellant’s counsel and submit a proposed restitution order later. 
4

However, the record does not indicate whether the discussion took place. The next 

relevant matter of record occurred one week after the sentencing hearing when the trial 

court entered a written restitution order reflecting the $45,000 amount, instead of the 

orally pronounced amount of $4500. 

Appellant argues that this increase in restitution violated double jeopardy 

principles,1relying on the general rule that increasing a lawful sentence after a defendant 

has begun to serve it violates the double jeopardy protection against multiple 

punishments for the same offense. See, e.g., Ashley v. State, 850 So. 2d 1265, 1267

(Fla. 2003) (“Once a sentence has been imposed and the person begins to serve the 

sentence, that sentence may not be increased without running afoul of double jeopardy 

principles.” (citations omitted)).

2

 There is, however, an exception. As explained in Dunbar 

v. State, 89 So. 3d 901 (Fla. 2012) (expressly distinguishing Ashley): 

As it relates to barring multiple punishments for the same 

offense in the noncapital sentencing context

the application of the double jeopardy clause 

. . . turns on the extent and legitimacy of a 

defendant's expectation of finality in that 

sentence. If a defendant has a legitimate 

expectation of finality, then an increase in that 

 

1

 The State correctly notes that Appellant did not properly preserve this issue 

below; however, we have previously upheld review in a similar situation finding that 

"errors that violate a defendant's double jeopardy rights are deemed fundamental." Fisher 

v. State, 124 So. 3d 413, 414 n.1 (Fla. 5th DCA 2013).

2

 This general double jeopardy principle also applies to any restitution amounts 

announced as part of the sentence. See, e.g., Kittelson v. State, 980 So. 2d 533, 535 

(Fla. 5th DCA 2008) ("[O]nce the court has entered an order setting the amount of

restitution, jeopardy attaches . . . thereby precluding the court from modifying the amount.”

(alterations in original) (citations omitted)); Conney v. State, 981 So. 2d 626, 630 (Fla. 2d 

DCA 2008) (“Increasing a restitution amount violates a defendant's right to not be twice 

placed in jeopardy, even when the original restitution amount was based on a mistake or 

faulty information." (citing Ely v. State, 855 So. 2d 90, 91 (Fla. 2d DCA 2003))).
5

sentence is prohibited by the double jeopardy 

clause. If, however, there is some circumstance 

which undermines the legitimacy of that 

expectation, then a court may permissibly 

increase the sentence.

Id. at 904-05 (alterations in original) (quoting United States v. Fogel, 829 F.2d 77, 87 (D.C.

Cir. 1987)); cf. United States v. DiFrancesco, 449 U.S. 117, 139 (1980). 

In our view, a defendant who agrees to a restitution amount as part of a negotiated 

plea agreement has no legitimate expectation of finality in the pronouncement of 

restitution in an amount lower than that to which he agreed, when the court has accepted 

the agreement and is simply attempting to impose the agreed sentence.3 The Utah 

Supreme Court reached the same conclusion. See State v. Rodrigues, 218 P.3d 610, 

619 (Utah 2009) (holding that double jeopardy principles did not prevent trial court that 

ordered restitution pursuant to a plea agreement from increasing the restitution amount 

in response to the state’s motion where “there had been a misstatement of what was

actually owed and the increased restitution merely reflected what the parties had agreed 

to under the plea agreement”). In Rodrigues, the court concluded, correctly in our view, 

 

3 The conviction and sentence do not become “final” until the thirty-day appeal 

period has passed, at the earliest. See, e.g., Armstrong v. State, 148 So. 3d 127, 128 

(Fla. 2d DCA 2014) (“When no appeal is filed, finality occurs thirty days after rendition of 

the judgment and sentence . . . .”). If no correction were made within that thirty-day 

window, the defendant might then gain an expectation of finality. Cf. Dunbar, 89 So. 3d 

at 906 (“When a trial court fails to pronounce nondiscretionary sentencing terms, the 

defendant has no legitimate expectation in the finality of that sentence, at least until the 

reviewing court has issued a mandate or the time for filing an appeal has run.”); but also 

cf. United States v. Lundien, 769 F. 2d 981 (4th Cir. 1985) (constitutional protections may 

be implicated “when a sentence is enhanced after the defendant has served so much of 

his sentence that his expectations as to its finality have crystallized and it would be 

fundamentally unfair to defeat them”). Here, however, the mistake was caught almost 

immediately, and the restitution order now appealed was entered only one week after the 

plea and sentencing proceeding. 
6

that the defendant “had no legitimate expectation of finality in the original order of 

restitution because it did not reflect what he had agreed to in the plea agreement.” Id. at 

619-20.

AFFIRMED.

WALLIS and EDWARDS JJ., concur.