Appellees are both former directors of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. 1

NUMBER 13-07-00173-CV

COURT OF APPEALS

THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG 

 

JASON M. BRESHEARS, Appellant,

v.

GARY JOHNSON AND JANIE COCKRELL, Appellees.

 

On appeal from the 267th District Court of De Witt County, Texas.

 

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Before Justices Rodriguez, Garza and Vela

Memorandum Opinion by Justice Garza

Appellant, Jason M. Breshears, an inmate confined in the Connally Unit within the

Texas Department of Criminal Justice (“TDCJ”) system, appeals the trial court’s granting

of joint motions for summary judgment filed by appellees, Gary Johnson and Janie

Cockrell. We dismiss this purported appeal for want of jurisdiction. 1
 In his original petition, Breshears based his suit on alleged violations of his constitutional rights 2

afforded under the Texas Constitution. He later admitted that there is no state constitutional tort; however,

he continued to assert that he may seek equitable relief for such violations.

 The trial court’s order granting appellees’ motions for summary judgment contained an error which 3

was later corrected by the trial court after this Court abated Breshears’s appeal. The trial court’s order

reflected that appellees’ summary judgment motions were granted on February 2, 2006, when, in fact, they

2

I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

Breshears filed his original petition on December 5, 2002, seeking “equitable relief”

from being required to work during his incarceration as a convicted felon. Specifically, 2

Breshears complained that he had been (1) forced to work against his will, (2) punished

multiple times for not laboring, and (3) deprived of all compensation. On May 13, 2004,

appellees filed a motion to dismiss, contending that Breshears had failed to state a claim

upon which relief could be granted. The trial court granted appellees’ motion to dismiss

on May 17, 2004. 

Breshears subsequently appealed the trial court’s dismissal of his claims to this

Court. We reversed and remanded, noting that both Breshears and appellees agreed that

the case was improperly dismissed. See Breshears v. Johnson, No. 13-04-396-CV, 2005

Tex. App. LEXIS 3418, at **1-2 (Tex. App.–Corpus Christi May 5, 2005, no pet.) (mem.

op.). 

On August 7, 2006, appellees filed their joint motions for summary judgment on

traditional and no-evidence grounds. In their motions, appellees argued that Breshears

failed: (1) to overcome sovereign immunity; and (2) to bring a proper claim. On February

2, 2007, the trial court granted appellees’ motions for summary judgment, noting that

Breshears’s “claims have no basis in law and Defendants [appellees] are entitled to

sovereign immunity from suit.” The order was signed on the same day. 

3
were granted on February 2, 2007. The order was corrected to reflect the proper date. 

3

Breshears filed a request for findings of fact and conclusions of law on February 20,

2007. The trial court denied Breshears’s request on February 27, 2007, stating that the

request was improper given that the case had been disposed of by summary judgment.

Breshears then filed his notice of appeal on March 12, 2007. On March 20, 2007,

Breshears was sent a notice regarding his late notice of appeal. The record does not

contain an explanation from Breshears as to why his notice of appeal was untimely filed.

II. APPELLATE JURISDICTION

This Court is obligated to determine, sua sponte, its jurisdiction to entertain an

appeal. See Welch v. McDougal, 876 S.W.2d 218, 220 (Tex. App.–Amarillo 1994, writ

denied) (citing N.Y. Underwriters Ins. Co. v. Sanchez, 799 S.W.2d 677, 678 (Tex. 1990)).

A timely filed notice of appeal invokes this Court’s jurisdiction. See TEX. R. APP. P. 25.1,

26.1. Generally, a notice of appeal must be filed within thirty days after the judgment is

signed. See TEX. R. APP. P. 26.1. However, rule 26.1 of the rules of appellate procedure

provides an exception to the thirty-day rule involving proper requests for findings of fact

and conclusions of law. See id. Specifically, rule 26.1(a)(4) provides that a notice of

appeal must be filed within ninety days after the judgment is signed if a party timely files

“a request for findings of fact and conclusions of law . . . [that] could properly be considered

by the appellate court . . . .” Id. at rule 26.1(a)(4) (emphasis added). Therefore, we must

examine whether this Court could properly consider Breshears’s request for findings of fact

and conclusions of law.

Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 296 provides that “[i]n any case tried in the district or
4

county court without a jury, any party may request the court to state in writing its findings

of fact and conclusions of law.” TEX. R. CIV. P. 296 (emphasis added). In this case,

however, there was no trial. Breshears’s claims were disposed of by summary judgment

without a hearing. Furthermore, the Texas Supreme Court has held that findings of fact

and conclusions of law have no place at the summary judgment level. See Linwood v.

NCNB Tex., 885 S.W.2d 102, 103 (Tex. 1994) (per curiam); see also IKB Indus., Ltd. v.

Pro-Line Corp., 938 S.W.2d 440, 442 (Tex. 1997) (noting that a party is not entitled to

findings of fact and conclusions of law following summary judgment). Breshears’s request

for findings of fact and conclusions of law were not proper in this summary judgment case,

and, therefore, his request did not serve to extend the time period governing the filing of

a notice of appeal. See Starks v. Tex. Dep’t of Crim. Justice, 153 S.W.3d 621, 624 (Tex.

App.–Amarillo 2004, no pet.); see also Stewart v. Tex. Dep’t of Crim. Justice, No. 14-01-

00848-CV, 2002 Tex. App. LEXIS 6590, at *4 (Tex. App.–Houston [14th Dist.] Sept. 5,

2002, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for publication) (“While we review a pro se

plaintiff’s pleadings by less stringent standards, a pro se litigant is held to the same

standards as licensed attorneys and must comply with applicable laws and rules of

procedure.”).

III. CONCLUSION

Because Breshears did not file his notice of appeal within thirty days after the

judgment was signed, we dismiss this cause for want of jurisdiction. See Chavez v.

Housing Auth. of El Paso, 897 S.W.2d 523, 527 (Tex. App.–El Paso 1995, writ denied) (en

banc) (“We hold that a request for findings of fact and conclusions of law after summary
5

judgment is rendered is not a bona fide attempt to invoke appellate jurisdiction.”); TEX. R.

APP. P. 25.1, 26.1; see also Scott v. Walker, No. 07-07-0318-CV, 2008 Tex. App. LEXIS

231, at **2-7 (Tex. App.–Amarillo Jan. 11, 2008, no pet.) (mem. op.); Scott v. Wichita

County, No. 2-07-154-CV, 2007 Tex. App. LEXIS 5246, at **2-3 (Tex. App.–Fort Worth

July 5, 2007, no pet.) (mem. op.) (providing that “absent a timely filed notice of appeal or

a timely filed extension request, we must dismiss the appeal”). 

DORI CONTRERAS GARZA, 

Justice

Memorandum Opinion delivered and 

filed this the 26th day of August, 2008.