II 

110TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 780 

To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to prohibit the unlawful acquisition and use of confidential customer proprietary network information, 

and for other purposes. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

MARCH 6, 2007 

Mr. PRYOR introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred 

to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation 

A BILL 

To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to prohibit the 

unlawful acquisition and use of confidential customer 

proprietary network information, and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

4 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 

5 ‘‘Protecting Consumer Phone Records Act’’. 

6 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 

7 this Act is as follows: 

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 

Sec. 2. Unauthorized acquisition, use, or sale of confidential customer proprietary network telephone information. 

Sec. 3. Enhanced confidentiality procedures. 


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Sec. 4. Penalties; extension of confidentiality requirements to other entities. 

Sec. 5. Enforcement by Federal Trade Commission. 

Sec. 6. Concurrent enforcement by Federal Communications Commission. 

Sec. 7. Enforcement by States. 

Sec. 8. Consumer outreach and education. 

1 SEC. 2. UNAUTHORIZED ACQUISITION, USE, OR SALE OF 

2 CONFIDENTIAL CUSTOMER PROPRIETARY 

3 NETWORK TELEPHONE INFORMATION. 

4 (a) IN GENERAL.—It is unlawful for any person— 

5 (1) to acquire or use the customer proprietary 

6 network information of another person without that 

7 person’s affirmative written consent, which shall in8 clude electronic consent that meets the requirements 

9 of the Electronic Signatures in Global and National 

10 Commerce Act (15 U.S.C. 7001 et seq.); 

11 (2) to misrepresent that another person has 

12 consented to the acquisition or use of such other 

13 person’s customer proprietary network information 

14 in order to acquire such information; 

15 (3) to obtain unauthorized access to the data 

16 processing system or records of a telecommuni17 cations carrier or an IP-enabled voice service pro18 vider in order to acquire the customer proprietary 

19 network information of 1 or more other persons; 

20 (4) to sell, or offer for sale, customer propri21 etary network information; or 

22 (5) to request that another person obtain cus23 tomer proprietary network information from a teleVerDate Aug 31 2005 20:20 Mar 10, 2007 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S780.IS S780

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1 communications carrier or IP-enabled voice service 

2 provider, knowing that the other person will obtain 

3 the information from such carrier or provider in any 

4 manner that is unlawful under subsection (a). 

5 (b) EXCEPTIONS.— 

6 (1) APPLICATION WITH SECTION 222 OF COM7 MUNICATIONS ACT OF 1934.—This Act does not pro8 hibit a telecommunications carrier or an IP-enabled 

9 voice service provider or any third party that law10 fully obtains such information from a carrier or pro11 vider from engaging in any act or practice that was 

12 not prohibited by section 222 of the Communications 

13 Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 222) or regulations that are 

14 consistent with the provisions of section 222, as that 

15 section and those regulations were in effect on the 

16 day before the date of enactment of this Act. 

17 (2) APPLICATION OF OTHER LAWS.—This Act 

18 does not prohibit any act or practice otherwise au19 thorized by law, including any lawfully authorized 

20 investigative, protective, or intelligence activity of a 

21 law enforcement agency or the United States, a 

22 State, or a political subdivision of a State, or an in23 telligence agency of the United States. 

24 (3) TREATMENT OF IP-ENABLED VOICE SERV25 ICE PROVIDERS.—For purposes of this section, an 


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1 IP-enabled voice service provider shall be treated as 

2 if it were a telecommunications carrier covered by 

3 section 222 of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 

4 U.S.C. 222) before the date of enactment of this 

5 Act. 

6 (4) CALLER ID.—Nothing in this Act prohibits 

7 the use of caller identification services by any person 

8 to identify the originator of telephone calls received 

9 by that person. 

10 (c) PRIVATE RIGHT OF ACTION FOR PROVIDERS.— 

11 (1) IN GENERAL.—A telecommunications car12 rier or IP-enabled voice service provider may bring 

13 a civil action in an appropriate State court, or in 

14 any United States district court that meets applica15 ble requirements relating to venue under section 

16 1391 of title 28, United States Code, or for any ju17 dicial district in which the carrier or service provider 

18 resides or conducts business— 

19 (A) based on a violation of this section or 

20 the regulations prescribed under this section to 

21 enjoin such violation; 

22 (B) to recover for actual monetary loss 

23 from such a violation, or to receive $11,000 in 

24 damages for each such violation, whichever is 

25 greater; or 


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1 (C) both. 

2 (2) TREBLE DAMAGES.—If the court finds that 

3 the defendant willfully or knowingly violated this 

4 section or the regulations prescribed under this sec5 tion, the court may, in its discretion, increase the 

6 amount of the award to an amount equal to not 

7 more than 3 times the amount available under para8 graph (1) of this subsection. 

9 (3) INFLATION ADJUSTMENT.—The $11,000 

10 amount in paragraph (1)(B) shall be adjusted for in11 flation as if it were a civil monetary penalty, as de12 fined in section 3(2) of the Federal Civil Penalties 

13 Inflation Adjustment Act of 1996 (28 U.S.C. 2461 

14 note). 

15 (d) PRIVATE RIGHT OF ACTION FOR CONSUMERS.— 

16 (1) IN GENERAL.—An individual who has been 

17 caused harm as a result of their confidential propri18 etary network information being obtained, used, or 

19 sold in violation of this section may file a civil action 

20 in any court of competent jurisdiction against the 

21 person who caused the harm as a result of a viola22 tion of this section. 

23 (2) REMEDIES.—A court in which such civil ac24 tion has been brought may award damages of not 

25 more than $11,000 for each violation of this section 


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1 with respect to the plaintiff’s customer proprietary 

2 network information and provide such additional re3 lief as the court deems appropriate, including the 

4 award of court costs, investigative costs, and reason5 able attorney’s fees. 

6 (3) TREBLE DAMAGES.—If the court finds that 

7 the defendant willfully or knowingly violated this 

8 section or the regulations prescribed under this sec9 tion, the court may, in its discretion, increase the 

10 amount of the award to not more than 3 times the 

11 damages determined by the court under paragraph 

12 (2). 

13 (4) INFLATION ADJUSTMENT.—The $11,000 

14 amount in paragraph (2) shall be adjusted for infla15 tion as if it were a civil monetary penalty, as defined 

16 in section 3 (2) of the Federal Civil Penalties Infla17 tion Adjustment Act of 1996 (28 U.S.C. 2461 note). 

18 (e) CIVIL PENALTY.— 

19 (1) IN GENERAL.—Any person who violates this 

20 section shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more 

21 than $11,000 for each violation or each day of a 

22 continuing violation, except that the amount as23 sessed for any continuing violation shall not exceed 

24 a total of $11,000,000 for any single act or failure 

25 to act. 


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1 (2) SEPARATE VIOLATIONS.—A violation of this 

2 section with respect to the customer proprietary net3 work information of 1 person shall be treated as a 

4 separate violation from a violation with respect to 

5 the customer proprietary network information of any 

6 other person. 

7 (f) LIMITATION.—Nothing in this Act or section 222 

8 of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 222) au9 thorizes a subscriber to bring a civil action against a tele10 communications carrier or an IP-enabled voice service pro11 vider. 

12 (g) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

13 (1) CUSTOMER PROPRIETARY NETWORK INFOR14 MATION.—The term ‘‘customer proprietary network 

15 information’’ has the meaning given that term by 

16 section 222(i)(1) of the Communications Act of 

17 1934 (47 U.S.C. 222(i)(1)). 

18 (2) IP-ENABLED VOICE SERVICE.—The term 

19 ‘‘IP-enabled voice service’’ has the meaning given 

20 that term by section 222(i)(8) of the Communica21 tions Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 222(i)(8)). 

22 (3) TELECOMMUNICATIONS CARRIER.—The 

23 term ‘‘telecommunications carrier’’ has the meaning 

24 given it by section 3(44) of the Communications Act 

25 of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 3(44)). 


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1 SEC. 3. ENHANCED CONFIDENTIALITY PROCEDURES. 

2 (a) IN GENERAL.—Within 180 days after the date 

3 of enactment of this Act, the Federal Communications 

4 Commission shall— 

5 (1) revise or supplement its regulations, to the 

6 extent the Commission determines it is necessary, to 

7 require a telecommunications carrier or IP-enabled 

8 voice service provider to protect— 

9 (A) the security and confidentiality of cus10 tomer proprietary network information (as de11 fined in section 222(i)(1) of the Communica12 tions Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 222(i)(1))), 

13 (B) customer proprietary network informa14 tion against any anticipated threats or hazards 

15 to its security or confidentiality, and 

16 (C) customer proprietary network informa17 tion from unauthorized access or use that could 

18 result in substantial harm or inconvenience to 

19 its customers, and 

20 (2) ensure that any revised or supplemental 

21 regulations are similar in scope and structure to the 

22 Federal Trade Commission’s regulations in part 314 

23 of title 16, Code of Federal Regulations, as such 

24 regulations are in effect on the date of enactment of 

25 this Act, taking into consideration the differences 


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1 between financial information and customer propri2 etary network information. 

3 (b) COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATION.—Each tele4 communications carrier and IP-enabled voice service pro5 vider to which the regulations under subsection (a) and 

6 section 222 of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 

7 U.S.C. 222) apply shall file with the Commission annually 

8 a certification that, for the period covered by the filing, 

9 it has been in compliance with those requirements. 

10 SEC. 4. PENALTIES; EXTENSION OF CONFIDENTIALITY RE11 QUIREMENTS TO OTHER ENTITIES. 

12 (a) PENALTIES.—Title V of the Communications Act 

13 of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 501 et seq.) is amended by inserting 

14 after section 508 the following: 

15 ‘‘SEC. 509. PENALTIES FOR CONFIDENTIAL CUSTOMER PRO16 PRIETARY NETWORK INFORMATION VIOLA17 TIONS. 

18 ‘‘(a) CIVIL FORFEITURE.— 

19 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Any person determined by 

20 the Commission, in accordance with paragraphs (3) 

21 and (4) of section 503(b), to have violated section 2 

22 of the Protecting Consumer Phone Records Act shall 

23 be liable to the United States for a forfeiture pen24 alty. A forfeiture penalty under this subsection shall 

25 be in addition to any other penalty provided for by 


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1 this Act. The amount of the forfeiture penalty deter2 mined under this subsection shall not exceed 

3 $30,000 for each violation, or 3 times that amount 

4 for each day of a continuing violation, except that 

5 the amount assessed for any continuing violation 

6 shall not exceed a total of $3,000,000 for any single 

7 act or failure to act. 

8 ‘‘(2) RECOVERY.—Any forfeiture penalty deter9 mined under paragraph (1) shall be recoverable pur10 suant to section 504(a) of this Act. 

11 ‘‘(3) PROCEDURE.—No forfeiture liability shall 

12 be determined under paragraph (1) against any per13 son unless such person receives the notice required 

14 by section 503(b)(3) or section 503(b)(4) of this 

15 Act. 

16 ‘‘(4) 2-YEAR STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS.—No 

17 forfeiture penalty shall be determined or imposed 

18 against any person under paragraph (1) if the viola19 tion charged occurred more than 2 years prior to the 

20 date of issuance of the required notice or notice or 

21 apparent liability. 

22 ‘‘(b) CRIMINAL FINE.—Any person who willfully and 

23 knowingly violates section 2 of the Protecting Consumer 

24 Phone Records Act shall upon conviction thereof be fined 

25 not more than $30,000 for each violation, or 3 times that 


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1 amount for each day of a continuing violation, in lieu of 

2 the fine provided by section 501 for such a violation. This 

3 subsection does not supersede the provisions of section 

4 501 relating to imprisonment or the imposition of a pen5 alty of both fine and imprisonment.’’. 

6 (b) EXTENSION OF CONFIDENTIALITY REQUIRE7 MENTS TO IP-ENABLED VOICE SERVICE PROVIDERS.— 

8 Section 222 of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 

9 U.S.C. 222) is amended— 

10 (1) by inserting ‘‘or IP-enabled voice service 

11 provider’’ after ‘‘telecommunications carrier’’ each 

12 place it appears except in subsections (e) and (g); 

13 (2) by inserting ‘‘or IP-enabled voice service 

14 provider’’ after ‘‘exchange service’’ in subsection (g); 

15 (3) by striking ‘‘telecommunication carriers’’ 

16 each place it appears in subsection (a) and inserting 

17 ‘‘telecommunications carriers or IP-enabled voice 

18 service providers’’; 

19 (4) by inserting ‘‘or provider’’ after ‘‘carrier’’ in 

20 subsection (d)(2) and in paragraphs (1)(A) and (B) 

21 and (3)(A) and (B) of subsection (h); 

22 (5) by inserting ‘‘or provider-customer’’ after 

23 ‘‘carrier-customer’’ in subsection (h)(1)(A); 

24 (6) by inserting ‘‘or providers’’ after ‘‘carriers’’ 

25 in subsection (d)(2); 


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1 (7) by inserting ‘‘AND IP-ENABLED VOICE

2 SERVICE PROVIDER’’ after ‘‘CARRIER’’ in the cap3 tion of subsection (b); 

4 (8) by inserting ‘‘AND IP-ENABLED VOICE SERV5 ICE PROVIDERS’’ after ‘‘CARRIERS’’ in the caption of 

6 subsection (c)(1); 

7 (9) by inserting ‘‘or IP-enabled voice service’’ 

8 after ‘‘service’’ in subsection (h)(1)(A); and 

9 (10) by striking ‘‘telephone exchange service or 

10 telephone toll service’’ in subsection (h)(1)(B) and 

11 inserting ‘‘telephone exchange service, telephone toll 

12 service, or IP-enabled voice service’’. 

13 (c) DEFINITION.—Section 222(h) of the Communica14 tions Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 222(h)) is amended by add15 ing at the end the following: 

16 ‘‘(8) IP-ENABLED VOICE SERVICE.—The term 

17 ‘IP-enabled voice service’ means the provision of 

18 real-time 2-way voice communications offered to the 

19 public, or such classes of users as to be effectively 

20 available to the public, transmitted through cus21 tomer premises equipment using TCP/IP protocol, 

22 or a successor protocol, for a fee (whether part of 

23 a bundle of services or separately) with 2-way inter24 connection capability such that the service can origiVerDate Aug 31 2005 20:20 Mar 10, 2007 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S780.IS S780

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1 nate traffic to, or terminate traffic from, the public 

2 switched telephone network.’’. 

3 (d) TELECOMMUNICATIONS CARRIER AND IP-EN4 ABLED VOICE SERVICE PROVIDER NOTIFICATION RE5 QUIREMENT.—Section 222 of the Communications Act of 

6 1934 (47 U.S.C. 222), is further amended— 

7 (1) by redesignating subsection (h) as sub8 section (i); 

9 (2) by inserting after subsection (g) the fol10 lowing new subsection: 

11 ‘‘(h) NOTICE OF VIOLATIONS.— 

12 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Commission shall by 

13 regulation require each telecommunications carrier 

14 or IP-enabled voice service provider to notify a cus15 tomer within 14 calendar days after the carrier or 

16 provider is notified of, or becomes aware of, an inci17 dent in which customer proprietary network infor18 mation relating to such customer was disclosed to 

19 someone other than the customer in violation of this 

20 section or section 2 of the Protecting Consumer 

21 Phone Records Act. 

22 ‘‘(2) LAW ENFORCEMENT AND HOMELAND SE23 CURITY RELATED DELAYS.—Notwithstanding para24 graph (1), a telecommunications carrier or IP-enVerDate Aug 31 2005 20:20 Mar 10, 2007 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S780.IS S780

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1 abled voice service provider may delay the required 

2 notification for a reasonable period of time if— 

3 ‘‘(A) a Federal or State law enforcement 

4 agency determines that giving notice within the 

5 14-day period would materially impede a civil or 

6 criminal investigation; or 

7 ‘‘(B) a Federal national security agency or 

8 the Department of Homeland Security deter9 mines that giving notice within the 14-day pe10 riod would threaten national or homeland secu11 rity.’’; and 

12 (3) by striking ‘‘information.’’ in paragraph (1) 

13 of subsection (i), as redesignated, and inserting ‘‘in14 formation nor does it include information that is re15 lated to non-voice service features bundled with IP16 enabled voice service.’’. 

17 (e) STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS.—Section 

18 503(b)(6)(B) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 

19 U.S.C. 503(b)(6)(B)) is amended to read as follows: 

20 ‘‘(B) such person does not hold a broad21 cast station license issued under title III of this 

22 Act and— 

23 ‘‘(i) the person is charged with vio24 lating section 222 and the violation oc25 curred more than 2 years prior to the date 


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1 of issuance of the required notice or notice 

2 of apparent liability; or 

3 ‘‘(ii) the person is charged with vio4 lating any other provision of this Act and 

5 the violation occurred more than 1 year 

6 prior to the date of issuance of the re7 quired notice or notice of apparent liabil8 ity.’’. 

9 (f) APPLICATION OF CABLE SUBSCRIBER PRIVACY

10 RULES TO IP-ENABLED VOICE SERVICE PROVIDERS.— 

11 Section 631 of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 

12 U.S.C. 551) is amended by adding at the end the fol13 lowing: 

14 ‘‘(i) CUSTOMER PROPRIETARY NETWORK INFORMA15 TION.—This section does not apply to customer propri16 etary network information (as defined in section 222(i)(1) 

17 of this Act) as it relates to the provision of IP-enabled 

18 voice service (as defined in section 222(i)(8) of this Act) 

19 by a cable operator to the extent that section 222 of this 

20 Act and section 2 of the Protecting Consumer Phone 

21 Records Act applies to such information.’’. 

22 SEC. 5. ENFORCEMENT BY FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION. 

23 (a) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in sections 6 

24 and 7 of this Act, section 2 of this Act shall be enforced 

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1 tity subject to the jurisdiction of the Commission under 

2 section 5(a)(2) of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 

3 U.S.C. 45(a)(2)). 

4 (b) VIOLATION TREATED AS AN UNFAIR OR DECEP5 TIVE ACT OR PRACTICE.—Violation of section 2 shall be 

6 treated as an unfair or deceptive act or practice proscribed 

7 under a rule issued under section 18(a)(1)(B) of the Fed8 eral Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 57a(a)(1)(B)). 

9 (c) ACTIONS BY THE COMMISSION.—The Commission 

10 shall prevent any person from violating this Act in the 

11 same manner, by the same means, and with the same ju12 risdiction, powers, and duties as though all applicable 

13 terms and provisions of the Federal Trade Commission 

14 Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.) were incorporated into and 

15 made a part of this Act. Any person that violates section 

16 2 is subject to the penalties and entitled to the privileges 

17 and immunities provided in the Federal Trade Commis18 sion Act in the same manner, by the same means, and 

19 with the same jurisdiction, powers, and duties as though 

20 all applicable terms and provisions of the Federal Trade 

21 Commission Act were incorporated into and made a part 

22 of this Act. Nothing in section 2(d) of this Act limits any 

23 penalty under the Federal Trade Commission Act as that 

24 Act is made applicable to violations of section 2 by the 

25 preceding sentence. 


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1 SEC. 6. CONCURRENT ENFORCEMENT BY FEDERAL COM2 MUNICATIONS COMMISSION. 

3 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Federal Communications 

4 Commission shall have concurrent jurisdiction to enforce 

5 section 2. 

6 (b) PENALTY; PROCEDURE.—For purposes of en7 forcement of that section by the Commission— 

8 (1) a violation of section 2 of this Act is 

9 deemed to be a violation of a provision of the Com10 munications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 151 et seq.) 

11 rather than a violation of the Federal Trade Com12 mission Act; and 

13 (2) the provisions of section 509(a)(2), (3), and 

14 (4) of the Communications Act of 1934 shall apply 

15 to the imposition and collection of the civil penalty 

16 imposed by section 2 of this Act as if it were the 

17 civil penalty imposed by section 509(a)(1) of that 

18 Act. 

19 SEC. 7. ENFORCEMENT BY STATES. 

20 (a) IN GENERAL.—The chief legal officer of a State, 

21 or any other State officer authorized by law to bring ac22 tions on behalf of the residents of a State, may bring a 

23 civil action, as parens patriae, on behalf of the residents 

24 of that State in an appropriate district court of the United 

25 States to enforce section 2 or to impose the civil penalties 

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1 cer or other State officer has reason to believe that the 

2 interests of the residents of the State have been or are 

3 being threatened or adversely affected by a violation of 

4 this Act or a regulation under this Act. 

5 (b) NOTICE.—The chief legal officer or other State 

6 officer shall serve written notice on the Federal Trade 

7 Commission and the Federal Communications Commis8 sion of any civil action under subsection (a) prior to initi9 ating such civil action. The notice shall include a copy of 

10 the complaint to be filed to initiate such civil action, except 

11 that if it is not feasible for the State to provide such prior 

12 notice, the State shall provide such notice immediately 

13 upon instituting such civil action. 

14 (c) AUTHORITY TO INTERVENE.—Upon receiving the 

15 notice required by subsection (b), either Commission may 

16 intervene in such civil action and upon intervening— 

17 (1) be heard on all matters arising in such civil 

18 action; and 

19 (2) file petitions for appeal of a decision in such 

20 civil action. 

21 (d) CONSTRUCTION.—For purposes of bringing any 

22 civil action under subsection (a), nothing in this section 

23 shall prevent the chief legal officer or other State officer 

24 from exercising the powers conferred on that officer by 

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1 minister oaths or affirmations or to compel the attendance 

2 of witnesses or the production of documentary and other 

3 evidence. 

4 (e) VENUE; SERVICE OF PROCESS.— 

5 (1) VENUE.—An action brought under sub6 section (a) shall be brought in a district court of the 

7 United States that meets applicable requirements re8 lating to venue under section 1391 of title 28, 

9 United States Code. 

10 (2) SERVICE OF PROCESS.—In an action 

11 brought under subsection (a)— 

12 (A) process may be served without regard 

13 to the territorial limits of the district or of the 

14 State in which the action is instituted; and 

15 (B) a person who participated in an al16 leged violation that is being litigated in the civil 

17 action may be joined in the civil action without 

18 regard to the residence of the person. 

19 (f) LIMITATION ON STATE ACTION WHILE FEDERAL

20 ACTION IS PENDING.—If either Commission has insti21 tuted an enforcement action or proceeding for violation of 

22 section 2 of this Act, the chief legal officer or other State 

23 officer of the State in which the violation occurred may 

24 not bring an action under this section during the pendency 


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1 of the proceeding against any person with respect to whom 

2 the Commission has instituted the proceeding. 

3 SEC. 8. CONSUMER OUTREACH AND EDUCATION. 

4 (a) IN GENERAL.—Within 180 days after the date 

5 of enactment of this Act, the Federal Trade Commission 

6 and Federal Communications Commission shall jointly es7 tablish and implement a media and distribution campaign 

8 to teach the public about the protection afforded customer 

9 proprietary network information under this Act, the Fed10 eral Trade Commission Act and the Communications Act 

11 of 1934. 

12 (b) CAMPAIGN REQUIREMENTS.—The campaign 

13 shall— 

14 (1) promote understanding of— 

15 (A) the problem concerning the theft and 

16 misuse of customer proprietary network infor17 mation; 

18 (B) available methods for consumers to 

19 protect their customer proprietary network in20 formation; and 

21 (C) efforts undertaken by the Federal 

22 Trade Commission and the Federal Commu23 nications Commission to prevent the problem; 

24 and 


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1 (2) explore various distribution platforms to ac2 complish the goal set forth in paragraph (1). 

Æ 


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