J - A04033 - 20

NON - PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA

v. STEPHEN LEE DUTTER

Appellant : : : : : : : : : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

PENNSYLVANIA

No. 1215 EDA 2019 Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered March 20, 2019 In the Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery County Criminal Division

at No(s): CP - 46 - CR - 0001460 - 2018
BEFORE: PANELLA, P.J., STRASSBURGER, J. * , and COLINS, J. * MEMORANDUM BY COLINS, J.: FILED MARCH 10, 2020 Appellant, Stephen Lee Dutter, appeals from the judgment of sentence in the Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery County Criminal Division, following his bench trial convictions fo r driving under the influence of alcohol or a controlled substance (DUI)/unsafe driving, driving without a license, and driving while operating privilege is suspended or revoked (DUI - related). 1 We affirm. In its opinion, the trial court fully and correctl y set forth the relevant facts of the case. Therefore, we have no reason to restate them. Procedurally, the Commonwealth ch arged Appellant with the above offenses on October 19, 2017. Appellant proceeded to a bench trial, where the court

_________________ ____________________ _______ * Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court. 1 75 Pa.C.S. §§ 3802(a)(1), 1501(a), and 1543(b)(1), respectively.J - A04033 - 20

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convicted Appe llant of all charged offenses on March 20, 2 019, and sentence d him to a term of five days to six months’ for his DUI conviction, in addition to a concurrent 60 days’ incarceration for driving with a suspended license (DUI related). The court also ordered Appellant to pay the costs of prosecution and a fine. Appellant’s conviction for driving without a license merged for sentencing purposes. On April 17, 2019, Appellant timely filed a notice of appeal. The court ordered Appellant to file a concise statem ent of errors complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b), and Appellant complied. Appellant raises the following issue for our review: Was there sufficient evidence to establish that defendant drove the vehicle where police found him in the dri ver’s seat of a parked but running vehicle with tire tracks leading from the nearby road? Appellant’s Brief at 1.

A determination of evidentiary sufficiency presents a question of law. As such our standard of review is de novo and our scope of review is plenary. In reviewing the sufficiency of evidence, we must determine whether the evidence admitted at trial and al l reasonable inferences drawn therefrom, viewed in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth as verdict winner, were sufficient to prove every element of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. The facts and circumstances established by the Commonwealth need not preclude every possibility of innocence. It is within the province of the fact - finder to determine the weight to be accorded to each witness’s testimony and to believe all, part, or none of the evidence. The Commonwealth may sustain its burden by proving every element of the crime by means of wholly circumstantial evidence. Moreover, as an appellate court, we may not re - weigh the evidence and substitute our judgment for that of the fact - finder.J - A04033 - 20

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Commonwealth v. Russell , 209 A.3d 419, 426 (Pa. Su per. 2019) (citations omitted). The DUI statute in relevant part provides: § 3802. Driving under influence of alcohol or controlled substance (a) General impairment. – (1) An individual may not drive, operate or be in actual physical control of the movemen t of a vehicle after imbibing a sufficient amount of alcohol such that the individual is rendered incapable of safely driving operating or being in actual physical control of the movement of the vehicle. 75 Pa. C.S.A. § 3802(a)(1). Section 1543(b)(1) of th e Motor Vehicle Code defines the offense of driving while operating privilege is suspended or revoked as follows:

§ 1543. Driving while operating privilege is suspended or revoked * * * (b) Certain offenses. — (1) A person who drives a motor vehicle on a highway or trafficway of this Commonwealth at a time when the person’s operating privilege is suspended or revoked as a condition of acceptance of Accelerated Rehabilitative Disposition for a violation of sectio n 3802 (relating to driving under influence of alcohol or controlled substance) or the former section 3731, because of a violation of section 1547(b)(1) (relating to suspension for refusal) or 3802 or former section 3731 or is suspended under section 1581 (relating to Driver’s License Compact) for an offense substantially similar to a violation of section 3802 or former section 3731 shall, upon conviction, be guilty of a summary offense and shall be sentenced to pay a fine of $500 and to undergo imprisonmen t for a period of not less than 60 days nor more than 90 days. 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 1543(b)(1).J - A04033 - 20

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Section 1501(a) Driving Without a License of the Motor Vehicle Code states the general rule that, “[n]o person, except those expressly exempted, shall drive any motor vehicle upon a highway or public property in this Commonwealth unless the person has a driver’s license valid under the provisions of this chapter...”. 75 Pa. C.S.A. § 1501(a). After a thorough review of the record, the briefs of the parties, the applicabl e law, and the well - reasoned opinion of the Honorable William R. Carpenter, we conclude Appellant’s issue merits no relief. The trial court opinion comprehensively discusses and properly disposes of the question presented. ( See Trial Court Opinion, filed June 27, 2019, at 3 - 7) (finding: officer’s testimony established officer responded to single vehicle accident call found Appellant sleeping in driver’s seat of car, with motor running, while parked in a field near business center; officer observed tire tr acks indicating car went from Overbrook Road across Penn Street through a grass area and came to stop; officer woke Appellant, who emerged from vehicle unsteady on his feet, smelling like alcohol, with glassy eyes; Appellant seemed confused and could not a nswer officer’s questions; Commonwealth presented Appellant’s certified driving record, showing Appellant was under DUI - related suspension and his license had expired on June 19, 2011; that circumstantial evidence demonstrated Appellant drove the vehicle; thus, evidence was sufficient to sustain Appellant’s convictions for DUI, driving without a license, and driving while operating privilege is suspended or revoked.) Accordingly, we affirm on the basis of the trial court opinion.J - A04033 - 20

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Judgment of sentence aff irmed. Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary
Date: 3/10/20Opinion Circulated 02/24/2020 10:33 AM
IN THE C O UR T O F C O MM O N P LEA S O F M O N T G O l\ lE R Y C O U NTY P ENN S YL V A

N I A C RI M IN A L D IV I S I O N C O :tv lM O NWEA L T H O F P ENN S YL V A N IA 

### v . S TEP H EN L E E D UTI E R O P INI O N CARP EN T E R 

### J
. C P
- 4 6
- C R
- 0 0 0 1 4 6 0
- 2 0 1 8
1 2 1 5 E D A 2 0 1 9

JUN E 2 7 , 2 0 1 9 F A C TIJA L A

N D P R O C E D U RA L HI S T O R Y Ap p e ll an t , S t e p h e n l e e D u tt e r ( " D utt e r " ) , a p p e al s fr o m th e · j u d gm e n t o f s e n t e n c e en t e r e d o n M ar c h 2 0 , 2 0 1 9 , w hi c h w a s imp o s e d di r e c t l y f o ll o win g hi s c o nvi c t i o n s o f dri vin g un d e r th e in fl u e n c e ( " D U I " ) - g e n e r al imp airm e n t , dri vin g wi th o u t a h c e n s e an d dri vi n g w hi l e o p e r atin g p ri vil e g e s ar e s u s p e n d e d o r r e v o k e d - D U I r e l a t e d
. D utt e r ' s s o l e i s s u e o n a p p e al c h a ll e n g e s th e s u f fi c i e n c y o f th e e vi d e n c e o f al l c o nv i c t i o n s b a s e d u p o n th e l a c k o f di r e c t e vi d e n c e th a t h e w a s th e dr i v e r o f th e v e hi cl e . !

Th e n o n - j ury tri al h e l d o n M ar c h 2 0 , 2 0 1 9 , e s t ab li s h e d th e f o ll o win g fa c t s th r o u g h th e s o l e C o mm o nw e al th w i tn e s s at tr i al , O f fi c e r \V i lli am S t e i nb e r g o f th e H at fi e l d T o w n s hi p P o li c e D e p artm e n t . O n S e p t e mb e r 2 3 , 2 0 1 7 , a t a b o u t 5 : 1 5 a . m . , O f

fi c e r S t e i nb e r g r e s p o n d e d t o · a di s p at c h c all o f a o n e v e h i cl e a c c i d e n t . ( B e n c h T r i al 3 /2 0 / 1 9 p p . 4 - 6 )
. T h edls p at c h t o o k h i m t o th e l o c ati o n o f th e F l u i d E n e r g y Pr o c e s s i n g an d E qui p m e n t C e n t er a t 2 6 2 9 P e nnS tr e e t , H at fi e l d , M o n t g o m e ry C o un ty . T h at ' s w h e r e th e o f fi c e r e n c o un t e r e d D u tt e r w h o a

p p e ar e d t o b e s l e e p i n g in th e dr i v e r ' s s e at an d th e v e hi cl e ' s e n g i n e w a s runn i n g . I d
. at 6 - 8
.

A t th e s c e n e , th e o f

fi c e r o b s e rv e d ti r e tr a c k s w hi c h h e tr a c e d b a c k t o a g r a s s ar e a o n th e p r o p e rty o f Fl u i d E n e r g y . I d
. at 8
. F r o m th e o f fi c e r ' s inv e s t i g ati o n th e tr a c k s w e r e in d i c at i v e th at D u tt e r w e n t fr o m O v e r b r o o k R o a d a c r o s s P e nn S tr e e t th r o u g h th e g r a s s an d th e n c am e t o a s t o p . I d
. O f fi c e r S t e i nb e r g w o k e D utt e r b y kn o c ki n g o n th e wi n d o w s e v e r a l t i m e s . I d
. at 8
. T h e o f fi c e r r e qu e s t e d D u tt e r ' s i d e n t i fi c at i o n , an d h e p r o vi d e d a P e nn s y l v ani a i d e n t i fi c at i o n c ar d
. I d
. at 9
.

D u tt e r at s o m e p o i n t g o t o u t o f th e v e h i cl e . I d
. at 1 0
. H e w a s un s t e a dy o n hi s f

e e t , s m e ll e d li k e a lc o h o l , an d hi s e y e s w e r e g l a s s y . I d
. at 1 0
. O f fi c e r S t e i nb e r g a s k e d D utt e r w h at h e w a s d o i n g th e r e an d h o w h e g o t th e r e . I d
. D utt e r s e e m e d c o n f

u s e d an d c o u l dn ' t g i v e th e o f fi c e r a d i r e c t an s w e r t o hi s qu e s ti o n s . I d
.

B a s e d u p o n th e p o s i ti o n o f th e v e hi cl e , th e e n g i n e r unni n g , th e s tr o n g o d o r o f al c o h o l , g l a s s y e y e s , an d un s t e a d i n e s s , O f fi c e r S t e i nb e r g s u s p e c t e d th at D u tt e r h a d b e e n dr i vi n g un d e r th e i n fl u e n c e o f a c o n tr o ll e d s ub s t an c e o r al c o h o l an d r e qu e s t e d h i m t o un d e r g o s e v e r a l fi l e d s o b r i e ty t e s t s . I d
. at 1 1 - 1 2
. T h e fi e l d s o b r i e ty t e s t s i n c o mb i n at i o n o f th e o th e r fa c t o r s l e d th e o f fi c e r t o arr e s t D u tt e r fo r dr i vi n g un d e r th e i n fl u e n c e o f a lc o h o l. I d
. at 1 2 - 1 3
.

2

### A t tr i a l , O f fi c e r S t e i nb e r g w a s qu e s ti o n e d a b o u t D utt e r ' s dri vi n g r e c o r d
. A t th e t i m e o f thi s i n c i d e n t , D u tt e r ' s li c e n s e w a s s u s p e n d e d , D U I r e l at e d
. I d
. at 1 3
. H i s li c e n s e h a d b e e n s u s p e n d e d o n D e c e mb e r 1 8 , 2 0 0 8 , an d h a d n e v e r b e e n r e s t o r e d
. I d
. at 1 5 - 1 6
. I n fa c t , th a t li c e n s e e xp i r e d o n Jun e 1 9 , 2 0 1 1. I d
. at 1 6
.

A t th e c o n cl u s i o n o f th e tr i al , thi s C o urt f o un d D u tt e r g u il ty o f th e a f o r e m e n t i o n e d c h ar g e s an d s e n t e n c e d h i m t o an a g r e e d u p o n t e rm o f fi v e d ay s t o s i x m o n th s ' i mp r i s o nm e n t. I d
. at 3 9 - 4 0
.

A t i m e l y a

p p e a l w a s f

il e d o n Ap r il 1 7 , 2 0 1 9
. T h i s C o urt i s s u e d an o r d e r d i r e c t i n g D u tt e r t o f il e a c o n c i s e s t at e m e n t o f e rr o r s c o mp l ai n e d o f o n a p p e al p ur s u an t t o P a . R. A
. P
. 1 9 2 5 ( b )
. D utt e r c o mp li e d an d r ai s e d a s u f fi c i e n c y c h al l e n g e t o al l c o nvi c ti o n s . 

### I S S UE I. 

### Wh e th e r th e e vi d e n c e w a s s u f fi c i e n t t o c o nvi c t D u tt e r . w h e n th e c i r c um s t an ti al e vi d e n c e e s t ab li s h e d th at h e dr o v e th e v e hi cl e . D I S C U S S I O N I. 

### T h e e vi d e n c e w a s s u f fi c i e n t t o c o nvi c t D utt e r , w h e n th e c i r c um s t an t i al e vi d e n c e e s t ab li s h e d th a t h e dr o v e th e v e hi cl e . Th e o n l y i s s u e th a t D utt e r r a i s e s i n thi s a p p e a l w a s s e t fo rth i n h i s 1 9 2 5 ( b ) s t a t e m e n t a s f

o ll o w s : T h e r e w a s in s u f

fi c i e n t e vi d e n c e p r e s e n t e d th a t M r . D utt e r dr o v e a v e hi cl e , a n e c e s s ar y e l e m e n t o f e a c h o f th e c r i m e s f

o r w h i c h Mr
. 

### D utt e r w a s c o nvi c t e d
. T h e r e w a s n o d i r e c t e vi d e n c e th at M r . D utt e r e v e r dr o v e th e v e hi cl e h e w a s f

o un d a s l e e p in
.

3

### T h e s t an d ar d o f r e vi e w f o r a c h a ll e n g e t o th e s u f fi c i e n c y o f th e e vi d e n c e i s t o d e t e rmi n e w h e th e r , w h e n vi e w e d i n a li g h t m o s t fav o r ab l e t o th e v e r d i c t wi nn e r , th e e vi d e n c e at tri a l an d a ll r e a s o n ab l e i n f e r e n c e s th e r e fr o m ar e s u f fi c i e n t f o r th e tr i e r o f fa c t t o fi n d e a c h e l e m e n t o f th e c r i m e s c h ar g e d i s e s t ab li s h e d b e y o n d a r e a s o n ab l e d o ub t. S e e C o mm o nw e a l th v . D a l e . 8 3 6 A
. 2 d 1 5 0 , 1 5 2 ( P a . S u

p e r. 2 0 0 3 )
. " A s an a

p p e ll at e c o urt , w e m ay n o t r e - w e i g h th e e vi d e n c e an d s ub s t it

ut e o ur j u d g m e n t f

o r th at o f th e fa c t - fi n d e r . Any qu e s t i o n o f d o u b t i s f o r th e fa c t - fi n d e r unl e s s th e e vi d e n c e i s s o w e ak an d i n c o n cl u s i v e th at a s a m att e r o f l aw n o p r o b ab ili ty o f fa c t c an b e dr awn fr o m th e c o mb i n e d c i r c um s t an c e s . " C o mm o nw e al th v . T h o m a s . 9 8 8 A
. 2 d 6 6 9 , 6 7 0 ( P a . S u p e r . 2 0 0 9 ) ( c i t at i o n s o mi tt e d )
.

In 

### thi s c a s e , th e r e i s n o qu e s t i o n th at th e r e w a s n o d i r e c t e vi d e n c e th at e s t ab li s h e d D utt e r dr o v e th e v e hi c l e . ' R ath e r th e i s s u e i s w h e th e r th e c i r c um s t an t i al e vi d e n c e w a s s u f fi c i e n t t o e s t a

b li s h th at fa c t f

o r e a c h c o nvi c t i o n . T hi s C o urt d e t e rm i n e d th a t th e r e w a s b a s e d u p o n th e f o ll o win g r at i o n a l e . a . D UI - G e n e r al Imp ar im e n t T h e P e nn s y l v ani a V e hi cl e C o d e d e fi n e s D U I a s f o ll o w s : ( a ) G e n e r a l i mp ai rm e n t . - (1 ) 

### An i n d i vi d

u a l m ay n o t dr i v e , o p e r at e o r b e i n a c tu a l p hy s i c al c o n tr o l o f th e m o v e m e n t o f a v e h i cl e a f t e r imb i b i n g a s u f

fi c i e n t am o un t o f al c o h o l s u c h th a t th e i n d i vi d u al i s r e n d e r e d i n c a

p ab l e o f s a f

e l y dr i vi n g , o p e r ati n g o r b e i n g i n a c t u a l p hy s i c al c o n tr o l o f th e m o v e m e n t o f th e v e h i cl e . O n c ro s s - e x amin at i o n , O ffi c e r S t e inb e r g a dmi tt e d th a t h e di d n o t s e e D utt e r o p e r a t e th e v e hi cl e . ( B e n ch T r i a l 3 /2 0 / 1 9 p . 1 8 )
. 47 5 P a . C S
. A
. § 3 8 0 2 ( a ) (l )
. T h e t e rm " o p e r a t e " r e qu i r e s e vi d e n c e o f a c tu a l p hy s i c al c o n tr o l o f th e v e hi cl e t o b e d e t e rmi n e d b a s e d u p o n th e t o t al i ty o f th e c i r c um s t an c e s . " O ur p r e c e d e n t i n d i c a t e s th a t a c o mb i n at i o n o f th e fo ll o wi n g fa c t o r s i s r e qu i r e d i n d e t e rmi ni n g w h e th e r a p e r s o n h a d a c t u al p hy s i c a l c o n tr o l o f an au t o m o b il e : th e m o t o r runni n g , th e l o c a t i o n o f th e v e hi cl e , an d a d d i t i o n a l e vi d e n c e s h o wi n g th at th e d e f

e n d an t h a d dr i v e n th e v e hi cl e . " C o mm o nw e al th v . W ill i am s , 9 4 1 A
. 2 d 1 4 , 2 7 ( P a . S u

p e r . 2 0 0 8 ) ( i n t e r

n a l c i t at i o n s an d s o m e qu o t at i o n m ark s o m i tt e d )
. " T h e C o mm o nw e al th c an e s t ab li s h th a t a d e f e n d an t h a d ' a c tu a l p hy s i c a l c o n tr o l' o f a v e h i cl e thr o u g h w h o ll y c i r c um s t an t i a l e vi d e n c e . " I d
. F urth e rm o r e , a p o li c e o f fi c e r m ay u t ili z e b o th hi s e xp e r i e n c e an d p e r s o n a l
o b s e r v a t i o n s t o r e n d e r an o p i ni o n a s t o w h e th e r a p e r s o n i s i n t o xi c at e d
. I d
. A t tr i al , O f

fi c e r S t e i nb e r g r e s p o n d e d t o a c al l f o r a o n e - v e h i cl e a c c i d e n t . Wh e n h e arr i v e d o n th e s c e n e h e f o un d D u tt e r s l e e p i n g b e hi n d th e w h e e l i n th e dr i v e r ' s s e at an d th e m o t o r w a s r unni n g . H e w a s al s o a

b l e t o tr a c e b a c k th e t i r e tr a c k s fr o m D u tt e r ' s c ar . T hi s i n d i c a t e d th a t D u tt e r h a d dr i v e n a c r o s s a g r a s s ar e a t o hi s fi n al r e s t i n g p l a c e a t th e Fl u i d E n e r gy Pr o c e s s i n g an d E qu i p m e n t C e n t e r at ab o u t 5 : 1 5 i n th e m o r ni n g . T h e o f

fi c e r h a d t o w ak e u

p D u tt e r i n o r d e r t o a s k h i m fo r h i s i d e n t i fi c ati o n . T h i s C o urt f o un d th at th i s w a s s u f fi c i e n t c i r c um s t an t i a l e vi d e n c e th a t D u tt e r a c t u a ll y o p e r at e d th e v e h i cl e , i. e . , th at h e w a s th e dr i v e r o f th e v e hi cl e .

5b
. D r i vin g W i th o ut a Li c e n s e an d D r i vin g Whil e O p e r a t in g P ri vil e g e s Ar e

S u s p e n d e d o r R e v o k e d
- D UI R e l at e d U n d e r th e P e nn s y l v an i a V e hi cl e C o d e , a d e f e n d an t i s g u il ty o f dr i vi n g wi th o u t a li c e n s e a s f o ll o w s : ( a ) G e n e r a l ru l e + N o p e r s o n , e x c e p t th o s e e xp r e s s l y e x e mp t e d , s h a ll dr i v e any m o t o r v e h i cl e u p o n a hi g hw ay o r p ub li c p r o p e rty i n th i s C o mm o nw e a lth unl e s s th e p e r s o n h a s a dr i v e r ' s li c e n s e v a li d un d e r th e p r o vi s i o n s o f thi s c h a

p t e r . . . 7 5 P a . C S
. § l 5 0 1( a )
.

S e c t i o n l 5 4 3 ( b ) (l ) ( i ) o f th e V e hi cl e C o d e , dr i vi n g w h il e o p e r ati n g p r i vi l e g e i s s u s p e n d e d o r r e v o k e d , D UI
- r e l a t e d , p r o vi d e s , i n r e l e v an t p art:

( i) A p e r s o n w h o dr i v e s a m o t o r v e hi cl e o n a hi g hw ay o r tr a f

fi c w ay o f thi s C o mm o nw e a l th at a t i m e w h e n th e p e r s o n ' s o p e r ati n g p r i vi l e g e i s s u s p e n d e d o r r e v o k e d
. . . [ ] r e l a t i n g t o dr i vi n g un d e r i n fl u e n c e o f al c o h o l o r c o n tr o ll e d s ub s t an c e [ ]
. . . s h al l , u

p o n a fi r s t c o nvi c t i o n , b e gu il ty o f a s umm ar

y o ff e n s e an d s h al l b e s e n t e n c e d t o p ay a fi n e o f $ 5 0 0 an d t o un d e r g o imp r i s o nm e n t fo r a p e r i o d o f n o t l e s s th an 6 0 d ay s n o r m o r e th an 9 0 d ay s . 7 5 P a . C S
. A
. § l 5 4 3 ( b )( l ) ( i )
. T h e c r i t i c al e l e m e n t , i n th i s c a s e , i s w h e th e r D utt e r w a s dr i vi n g . C o mm o nw e a l th v . C o s t a - H e r n an d e z , 8 0 2 A
. 2 d 6 7 1 , 6 7 3 ( P a . S u p e r . 2 0 0 2 )
. I n o r d e r t o p r o v e th a t o n e " dr i v e s " a v e hi cl e , th e C o mm o nw e a l th mu s t p r o v e th a t th e c ar w a s i n m o t i o n a t th e t i m e i n qu e s t i o n . I d
. a t 6 7 4
. T h e C o mm o nw e al th n e e d n o t p r o d u c e d i r e c t e vi d e n c e o f dri vi n g , b u t m ay i n s t e a d
r e l y o n c i r c um s t an t i al e vi d e n c e c r e a t i n g th e i n f e r e n c e th a t th e v e h i cl e h a d b e e n i n m o t i o n i n o r d e r t o m e e t it s e vi d e n t i ar y b ur d e n . I d
.

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