II 

Calendar No. 291 

110TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 675 

[Report No. 110–138] 

To provide competitive grants for training court reporters and closed 

captioners to meet requirements for realtime writers under the Telecommunications Act of 1996, and for other purposes. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

FEBRUARY 16, 2007 

Mr. HARKIN (for himself, Mr. GRASSLEY, Mr. COCHRAN, Mr. DODD, Mr. 

DURBIN, Mr. KERRY, Mr. KOHL, Mrs. MURRAY, Mr. ROCKEFELLER, Ms. 

SNOWE, Ms. STABENOW, Mr. GRAHAM, Mr. LUGAR, Ms. CANTWELL, Mr. 

NELSON of Florida, Mrs. LINCOLN, and Mr. LAUTENBERG) introduced 

the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee 

on Commerce, Science, and Transportation 

JULY 31, 2007 

Reported by Mr. INOUYE with amendments 

[Omit the part struck through and insert the part printed in italic] 

A BILL 

To provide competitive grants for training court reporters 

and closed captioners to meet requirements for realtime 

writers under the Telecommunications Act of 1996, and 

for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 


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1 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

2 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Training for Realtime 

3 Writers Act of 2007’’. 

4 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

5 Congress makes the following findings: 

6 (1) As directed by Congress in section 723 713 

7 of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 

8 613), as added by section 305 of the Telecommuni9 cations Act of 1996 (Public Law 104–104; 110 Stat. 

10 126), the Federal Communications Commission 

11 began enforcing rules requiring full closed captioning 

12 of most English television programming on January 

13 1, 2006. 

14 (2) The Federal Communications Commission 

15 rules also require that video programming be fully 

16 captioned in Spanish by 2010. 

17 (3) More than 30,000,000 Americans are con18 sidered deaf or hard of hearing, and many require 

19 captioning services to participate in mainstream ac20 tivities. 

21 (4) The National Institute on Deafness and 

22 other Communication Disorders estimates that 1 in 

23 3 Americans over the age of 60 has already experi24 enced hearing loss. The 79,000,000 Americans who 

25 are identified as ‘‘baby boomers’’ represent 39 per26 cent of the population of the United States and most 


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1 baby boomers began to reach age 60 just in the last 

2 few years. 

3 (5) Closed captioning is a continuous source of 

4 emergency information for people in mass transit 

5 and other congregate settings. 

6 (6) Empirical research studies since 1988 dem7 onstrate that captions improve the performance of 

8 individuals learning to read English. 

9 SEC. 3. AUTHORIZATION OF GRANT PROGRAM TO PRO10 MOTE TRAINING AND JOB PLACEMENT OF 

11 REALTIME WRITERS. 

12 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Commerce shall 

13 make competitive grants to eligible entities under sub14 section (b) to promote training and placement of individ15 uals, including individuals who have completed a court re16 porting training program, as realtime writers in order to 

17 meet the requirements for closed captioning of video pro18 gramming set forth in section 723 713 of the Communica19 tions Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 613) and the rules pre20 scribed thereunder. 

21 (b) ELIGIBLE ENTITIES.—For purposes of this Act, 

22 an eligible entity is a court reporting program that— 

23 (1) can document and demonstrate to the Sec24 retary of Commerce that it meets minimum stand25 ards of educational and financial accountability, with 


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1 a curriculum capable of training realtime writers 

2 qualified to provide captioning services; 

3 (2) is accredited by an accrediting agency rec4 ognized by the Department of Education; and 

5 (3) is participating in student aid programs 

6 under title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965. 

7 (c) PRIORITY IN GRANTS.—In determining whether 

8 to make grants under this section, the Secretary of Com9 merce shall give a priority to eligible entities that, as de10 termined by the Secretary— 

11 (1) possess the most substantial capability to 

12 increase their capacity to train realtime writers; 

13 (2) demonstrate the most promising collabora14 tion with local educational institutions, businesses, 

15 labor organizations, or other community groups hav16 ing the potential to train or provide job placement 

17 assistance to realtime writers; or 

18 (3) propose the most promising and innovative 

19 approaches for initiating or expanding training or 

20 job placement assistance efforts with respect to 

21 realtime writers. 

22 (d) DURATION OF GRANT.—A grant under this sec23 tion shall be for a period of 2 years. 

24 (e) MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF GRANT.—The amount of 

25 a grant provided under subsection (a) to an entity eligible 


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1 may not exceed $1,500,000 for the 2-year period of the 

2 grant under subsection (d). 

3 SEC. 4. APPLICATION. 

4 (a) IN GENERAL.—To receive a grant under section 

5 3, an eligible entity shall submit an application to the Sec6 retary of Commerce at such time and in such manner as 

7 the secretary may require. The application shall contain 

8 the information set forth under subsection (b). 

9 (b) INFORMATION.—Information in the application of 

10 an eligible entity under subsection (a) for a grant under 

11 section 3 shall include the following: 

12 (1) A description of the training and assistance 

13 to be funded using the grant amount, including how 

14 such training and assistance will increase the num15 ber of realtime writers. 

16 (2) A description of performance measures to 

17 be utilized to evaluate the progress of individuals re18 ceiving such training and assistance in matters relat19 ing to enrollment, completion of training, and job 

20 placement and retention. 

21 (3) A description of the manner in which the el22 igible entity will ensure that recipients of scholar23 ships, if any, funded by the grant will be employed 

24 and retained as realtime writers. 


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1 (4) A description of the manner in which the el2 igible entity intends to continue providing the train3 ing and assistance to be funded by the grant after 

4 the end of the grant period, including any partner5 ships or arrangements established for that purpose. 

6 (5) A description of how the eligible entity will 

7 work with local workforce investment boards to en8 sure that training and assistance to be funded with 

9 the grant will further local workforce goals, includ10 ing the creation of educational opportunities for in11 dividuals who are from economically disadvantaged 

12 backgrounds or are displaced workers. 

13 (6) Additional information, if any, of the eligi14 bility of the eligible entity for priority in the making 

15 of grants under section 3(c). 

16 (7) Such other information as the Secretary 

17 may require. 

18 SEC. 5. USE OF FUNDS. 

19 (a) IN GENERAL.—An eligible entity receiving a 

20 grant under section 3 shall use the grant amount for pur21 poses relating to the recruitment, training and assistance, 

22 and job placement of individuals, including individuals 

23 who have completed a court reporting training program, 

24 as realtime writers, including— 

25 (1) recruitment; 


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1 (2) subject to subsection (b), the provision of 

2 scholarships; 

3 (3) distance learning; 

4 (4) further developing and implementing both 

5 English and Spanish curriculum to more effectively 

6 train realtime writing skills, and education in the 

7 knowledge necessary for the delivery of high-quality 

8 closed captioning services; 

9 (5) mentoring students to ensure successful 

10 completion of the realtime training and provide as11 sistance in job placement; 

12 (6) encouraging individuals with disabilities to 

13 pursue a career in realtime writing; and 

14 (7) the employment and payment of personnel 

15 for all such purposes. 

16 (b) SCHOLARSHIPS.— 

17 (1) AMOUNT.—The amount of a scholarship 

18 under subsection (a)(2) shall be based on the 

19 amount of need of the recipient of the scholarship 

20 for financial assistance, as determined in accordance 

21 with part F of title IV of the Higher Education Act 

22 of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087kk). 

23 (2) AGREEMENT.—Each recipient of a scholar24 ship under subsection (a)(2) shall enter into an 

25 agreement with the school in which the recipient is 


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1 enrolled to provide realtime writing services for a pe2 riod of time appropriate (as determined by the Sec3 retary of Commerce or the Secretary’s designee) for 

4 the amount of the scholarship received. 

5 (3) COURSEWORK AND EMPLOYMENT.—The 

6 Secretary of Commerce or the Secretary’s designee 

7 shall establish requirements for coursework and em8 ployment for recipients of scholarships under sub9 section (a)(2), including requirements for repayment 

10 of scholarship amounts in the event of failure to 

11 meet such requirements for coursework and employ12 ment. employment or other material terms under sub13 section (b)(2). Requirements for repayment of schol14 arship amounts shall take into account the effect of 

15 economic conditions on the capacity of scholarship 

16 recipients to find work as realtime writers. 

17 (c) ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS.—The recipient of a 

18 grant under section 3 may not use more than 5 percent 

19 of the grant amount to pay administrative costs associated 

20 with activities funded by the grant. The Secretary shall 

21 use not more than 5 percent of the amount available for 

22 grants under this Act in any fiscal year for administrative 

23 costs of the program. 

24 (d) SUPPLEMENT NOT SUPPLANT.—Grants amounts 

25 under this Act shall supplement and not supplant other 


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1 Federal or non-Federal funds of the grant recipient for 

2 purposes of promoting the training and placement of indi3 viduals as realtime writers. 

4 SEC. 6. REPORTS. 

5 (a) ANNUAL REPORTS.—Each eligible entity receiv6 ing a grant under section 3 shall submit to the Secretary 

7 of Commerce, at the end of each year of the grant period, 

8 a report on the activities of such entity with respect to 

9 the use of grant amounts during such year. 

10 (b) REPORT INFORMATION.— 

11 (1) IN GENERAL.—Each report of an entity for 

12 a year under subsection (a) shall include a descrip13 tion of the use of grant amounts by the entity dur14 ing such year, including an assessment by the entity 

15 of the effectiveness of activities carried out using 

16 such funds in increasing the number of realtime 

17 writers. The assessment shall utilize the performance 

18 measures submitted by the entity in the application 

19 for the grant under section 4(b). 

20 (2) FINAL REPORT.—The final report of an en21 tity on a grant under subsection (a) shall include a 

22 description of the best practices identified by the en23 tity as a result of the grant for increasing the num24 ber of individuals who are trained, employed, and re25 tained in employment as realtime writers. 


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1 (c) ANNUAL REVIEW.—The Inspector General of the 

2 Department of Commerce shall conduct an annual review 

3 of the management, efficiency, and effectiveness of the 

4 grants made under this Act. 

5 SEC. 7. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

6 There is authorized to be appropriated to the Sec7 retary of Commerce to carry out this Act $20,000,000 for 

8 each of fiscal years 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012. 

9 SEC. 8. SUNSET. 

10 This Act is repealed effective the last day of the fifth 

11 fiscal year in which funds are appropriated to carry out 

12 this Act. 

13 This Act is repealed 5 years after the date of enactment 

14 of this Act. 


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bajohnson on PROD1PC71 with BILLS
Calendar No. 291 

110TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 675 

[Report No. 110

–138] 

A BILL 

To provide competitive grants for training court reposes. communications Act of 1996, and for other pur- ments for realtime writers under the Tele- porters and closed captioners to meet requireJULY 31, 2007 

Reported with amendments 


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