IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Czop/Specter, Inc., :

Petitioner :

:

v. : No. 374 M.D. 2015

: Submitted: November 13, 2015

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, :

Department of Transportation, :

Respondent :

BEFORE: HONORABLE DAN PELLEGRINI, President Judge

HONORABLE PATRICIA A. McCULLOUGH, Judge

HONORABLE JAMES GARDNER COLINS, Senior Judge

OPINION NOT REPORTED

MEMORANDUM OPINION BY

PRESIDENT JUDGE PELLEGRINI FILED: December 15, 2015

Before the Court are the preliminary objections of the Department of 

Transportation (Department)

1

to the petition for review filed by Czop/Specter, Inc. 

 

1 As this Court has explained:

Under Pa.R.C.P. No. 1028(a)(1), preliminary objections 

may be filed to a petition for review, asserting that the court lacks 

jurisdiction over the subject matter of the action. In reviewing 

preliminary objections, all material facts averred in the complaint, 

and all reasonable inferences that can be drawn from them, are 

admitted as true. However, a court need not accept as true 

conclusions of law, unwarranted inferences, argumentative 

allegations, or expressions of opinion. “Preliminary objections 

should be sustained only in cases that are clear and free from 

doubt.”

(Footnote continued on next page...)
2

(CSI) in our original jurisdiction under the Declaratory Judgments Act2seeking

declaratory relief and the award of penalties and attorney fees under Section 3935 

of the Procurement Code.3

 

(continued...)

Seitel Data, Ltd. v. Center Township, 92 A.3d 851, 858-59 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2014), appeal 

dismissed, 111 A.3d 170 (Pa. 2015) (citations omitted).

2

42 Pa. C.S. §§7531-7541. Section 7533 provides, in relevant part, that “[a]ny person 

interested under a ... written contract ... or whose rights, status, or other legal relations are 

affected by a ... contract, ... may have determined any question of construction or validity 

arising under the ... contract ... and obtain a declaration of rights, status, or other legal relations 

thereunder.” 42 Pa. C.S. §7533. Nevertheless, Section 7541(c)(2) states that “[r]elief shall not 

be available under this subchapter with respect to any ... [p]roceeding within the exclusive 

jurisdiction of a tribunal other than a court.” 42 Pa. C.S. §7541(c)(2).

3

62 Pa. C.S. §3935. Section 3935 states, in pertinent part:

(a) Penalty.—If ... a claim with the Board of Claims or a court of 

competent jurisdiction is commenced to recover payment due 

under this subchapter and it is determined that the government 

agency ... has failed to comply with the payment terms of this 

subchapter, ... the Board of Claims or the court may award, in 

addition to all other damages due, a penalty equal to 1% per month 

of the amount that was withheld in bad faith. An amount shall be 

deemed to have been withheld in bad faith to the extent that the 

withholding was arbitrary or vexatious. An amount shall not be 

deemed to have been withheld in bad faith to the extent it was 

withheld pursuant to section 3934 (relating to withholding of 

payment for good faith claims).

(b) Attorney fees.—Notwithstanding any agreement to the 

contrary, the prevailing party in any proceeding to recover any 

payment under this subchapter may be awarded a reasonable 

attorney fee in an amount to be determined by the Board of 

Claims, [or] court ... together with expenses, if it is determined 

that the government agency ... acted in bad faith. An amount shall 

be deemed to have been withheld in bad faith to the extent that the 

withholding was arbitrary or vexatious.
3

CSI is a consulting engineering and surveying firm that entered into a 

number of contracts with the Department to perform inspection services involving 

High Occupancy Permits. On these projects, entities such as developers, utilities

or municipalities would obtain permits so that construction work could occur 

within the Department’s rights-of-way by the permit holders. The Department 

hires inspectors, such as CSI, to ensure that the work is done according to the 

applicable legal, contractual or permit requirements which then bill the Department 

for these services. Under the contracts, CSI was required to have the work of its 

employees performed under the Department’s supervision and direction, and 

Department personnel approved all CSI invoices prior to any payment. CSI would 

bill the Department for the services performed, and the Department would then 

submit those invoices to the permittees to be paid.4

In March 2013, a grand jury was convened involving alleged criminal 

activity of Department management and supervisory personnel. In December 

2014, a presentment was released and four former CSI employees and two 

Department supervisors were charged with various theft and corruption crimes. It 

was alleged that the Department personnel directed CSI inspectors to inflate 

 

4

Section 441.6(4)(1)(i) of the Department’s regulations states:

(i) The permittee shall pay all fees, costs, and expenses incident to 

or arising from the project, including the cost of related highway 

improvements which increased traffic or surface drainage may 

necessitate. The permittee shall reimburse the Department for any 

and all inspection costs within 30 days after receipt of the 

Department’s invoice.

67 Pa. Code §441.6(4)(1)(i).
4

overtime hours, mileage, and to perform work outside the scope of the permitting 

inspection contracts. The Department supervisors allegedly collected a weekly 

“street tax” that if not paid would result in the removal of inspectors from 

Department projects.

In December 2014, the Department sent CSI a Notice of Immediate 

Suspension which attached the presentment and alleged that the conduct of CSI 

was cause for future debarment. CSI answered the notice denying that it 

committed any fraud in its billings and informal conferences ensued. The 

administrative matter involving the suspension and debarment issues is currently 

pending before the Department at Docket No. 004 A.D. 2015.

On May 22, 2015, the Department sent CSI an Offset Memorandum5

indicating that $1,119,423.17 in liability was owed the Department by CSI. (PFR 

 

5

The Offset Memorandum indicated that it was executed in accordance with 

Management Directive 215.9 which provides, in relevant part:

o. The Offset Provision (Enclosure 2, Offset Provision) shall be 

included in all contracts requiring the commonwealth to make a 

payment. The contractor agrees that the commonwealth may offset 

the amount of any liability of the contractor or its affiliates and 

subsidiaries that is owed to the commonwealth against any 

payments due the contractor under this or any other contract with 

the commonwealth.

(Petition for Review (PFR) Exhibit F3 at 7).

In turn, Enclosure 2, Offset Provision states:

The Contractor agrees that the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 

(Commonwealth) may set off the amount of any state tax liability 

(Footnote continued on next page...)
5

Exhibit A). On June 1, 2015, the Department’s Deputy Secretary for Highway 

Administration also notified CSI that a $1,119,423.17 offset would be pursued for 

“improperly invoiced overtime hours, commute hours, mileage and unqualified 

personnel.” (Id. Exhibit B). The letter stated that “[a]s a result, the Department 

has formally entered an outstanding obligation to the Commonwealth against your 

company in that amount under the Contractor Responsibility Program[6]and will 

 

(continued...)

or other obligation of the Contractor or its subsidiaries to the 

Commonwealth against any payments due the contractor under any 

contract with the Commonwealth.

(Id. at 24).

6 As alleged, the Contractor Responsibility Program (CRP) was initiated via Executive 

Order 1990-3, but is now found at 4 Pa. Code §§7.501-7.505, and directs the Secretary of the 

Budget and the Secretary of General Services to “identify, evaluate and sanction appropriately, 

contractors that do not meet the standards of responsibility, that render deficient performance, or 

that engage in wrongdoing....” 4 Pa. Code §7.501. Pursuant to Sections 321(6) and 327(b) of 

the Procurement Code, the Department of General Services (DGS) and the Office of the Budget

shall participate in the management and maintenance of the CRP. 62 Pa. C.S. §§321(6), 327(b).

Management Directive 215.9, issued by the Governor’s Office, establishes policy, 

responsibilities and procedures for the operation of the CRP applicable “to all departments, 

boards, commissions, and councils ... under the Governor’s jurisdiction.” (PFR Exhibit F3 at 1). 

Management Directive 215.9(6)(b) directs the Office of the Budget to participate in the 

management and maintenance of the CRP in coordination with DGS and other agencies as 

directed by the Governor and to “[e]nsure that the offset provision is included in all contracts or 

that a written waiver is attached.” (PFR Exhibit F2 at 9). Likewise, Management Directive

215.9(6)(c) directs DGS to participate in the management and maintenance of the CRP in 

coordination with the Secretary of the Budget and other agencies directed by the Governor and to 

“[m]aintain a current list of contractors suspended or debarred by the commonwealth and 

disseminate such information to agencies and others....” (Id.).

Additionally, the Keystone Offset Program (KOP) is an initiative by the Governor’s 

Innovation Council “aimed at collecting delinquent non-tax debt owed to the Commonwealth ... 

by utilizing existing processes to offset delinquent debt against payments in SAP.” (PFR Exhibit 

(Footnote continued on next page...)
6

proceed to recoup that obligation by offsetting it against any payment due your 

company under any contract or purchase order with the Commonwealth.” (Id.).

On June 13, 2015, CSI sent the Department an email regarding the 

offset and the June 1, 2015 letter, stating that “[i]n reviewing the requirements for 

the offset program, it appears that [the Department]’s claim (which is not a debt or 

an established amount owed) would not qualify for the offset program. For 

example, no dunning at all occurred on this alleged claim nor has there been any 

showing that [CSI] is past due on any obligation.” (PFR Exhibit D at 1). As a 

result, the email concluded, “my client requests that it receive all past due amounts 

on its projects as soon as reasonably possible.” (Id.).7

 

(continued...)

C at 1, 3). In order for a debt to be “KOP eligible,” it must be more than 90 days past due; it 

must have “a dunning level of 1-4;” and it must have been certified as valid by the receiving 

agency. (Id.).

7

Section 1712.1 of the Procurement Code states, in relevant part:

(a) Right to claim.—A contractor may file a claim with the 

contracting officer in writing for controversies arising from a 

contract entered into by the Commonwealth.

(b) Filing of claim.—A claim shall be filed with the contracting 

officer within six months of the date it accrues. If a contractor fails 

to file a claim or files an untimely claim, the contractor is deemed 

to have waived its right to assert a claim in any forum. Untimely 

filed claims shall be disregarded by the contracting officer.

(c) Contents of claim.—A claim shall state all ground upon which 

the contractor asserts a controversy exists.

62 Pa. C.S. §1712.1(a)-(c).
7

On July 2, 2015, the Department’s Assistant Counsel replied to CSI’s 

email explaining that the offset was based on express offset provisions in the 

contracts between the parties,

8

and that its right to an offset “is in no way 

contractually conditioned on some sort of strict compliance with the terms of the 

‘Comptroller Operations’ document excerpts regarding the ‘Keystone Offset 

Program’ that you attached to your email,” and that the Department’s “exercise of 

its contractual offset right is likewise not conditioned on its having [sic] engaged in 

some particular dunning activity or activities.” (PFR Exhibit D at 2). The 

Department withheld $186,558.81 of the total offset to be pursued. (Id. Exhibit E).

On July 17, 2015, CSI sent the Department’s Secretary “a final appeal 

for the [Department] to release all fund due to [CSI] which are being withheld due 

to the pursuit of an offset.” (PFR Exhibit F at 1). CSI again alleged that the offset

was not implemented in accordance with the requirements of Management 

Directive 215.9 and the KOP, and that there are no debts to offset with the money 

that it is owed because the time for filing any claims for work during the period of 

alleged illegality, from 2010 through 2013, and the Department cannot alter the 

Procurement Code provisions to revive any future stale claims by permittees. (Id.

at 1-3).9

 

8 As indicated above, Management Directive 215.9(5)(o) specifically requires that the 

offset provision stated in Enclosure 2, Offset Provision, be included in any contract with the 

Commonwealth.

9

See Section 1712.1(b) of the Procurement Code, 62 Pa. C.S. §1712.1(b) (“A claim shall 

be filed with the contracting officer within six months of the date it accrues. If a contractor fails 

to file a claim or files an untimely claim, the contractor is deemed to have waived its right to 

assert a claim in any forum. Untimely filed claims shall be disregarded by the contracting 

officer.”).
8

However, on July 22, 2015, the Department’s Acting Deputy Chief 

Counsel informed CSI:

With respect to your arguments against the offset, 

first, the authority for the offset is contractual, founded as 

it is upon the offset provisions included in the respective 

[Department]-CSI contracts in question. The offset 

provisions were included in those contracts pursuant to 

Management Directive 215.9, relating to the Contractor 

Responsibility Program. Neither the offset provisions 

themselves nor the management directive contain any 

reference to the “KOP” or any language that would in 

any way support the limitations on the Commonwealth’s 

contractual right of offset that you seem to be suggesting.

Second, “liability,” as defined in the management 

directive, includes an instance in which “a contractor is 

not current with the payment of any ... monetary 

amounts owed to the commonwealth or any of its 

agencies.” Reasonably read, this language seems more 

than broad enough to encompass a situation in which an 

agency is setting off against current contract payments 

sums it claims should be refunded because they were 

paid in response to fraudulently inflated invoices. That is 

precisely the legal right that [the Department] is asserting 

here – the right to refund of payments it makes to 

contractors on the basis of fraudulently inflated invoices. 

It is telling that in your entire letter requesting a refund of 

amounts set off by [the Department] to date you have 

never once suggested that your client did not submit 

fraudulently inflated invoices or that [the Department] 

did not therefore make payments to your client in 

fraudulently inflated amounts.

For these reasons, [the Department] denies your 

request that it “release” sums set off to date against 

contract payments to your client.

(PFR Exhibit G).
9

CSI responded that same day, noting that it has contested the 

fraudulent activity in its administrative appeal with the Department and expressing 

disappointment with the Department’s breakdown of the amount of purported 

overbilling. (PFR Exhibit H at 1). CSI also again asserted that an offset was not 

appropriate because the requirements of Management Directive 215.9 and the KOP 

have not been met as there are no timely claims against the Department to offset 

with the monies owed CSI. (Id. at 1-2). CSI also noted “that the Secretary has not

submitted a response to my client’s letter of July 17, 2015. That letter requested a 

response by [the] close of business of July 22, 2015. As that has not occurred, as 

the letter references, my client’s request has clearly been denied by the agency 

head.” (Id. at 2).

On July 28, 2015, CSI filed the instant petition for review10 asking this 

Court to: (1) declare that the Department cannot withhold any payments due CSI 

via an offset because the requirements of Management Directive 215.9 and the 

KOP have not been met as no present liability exists and any future claim against 

the Department would be time-barred; (2) declare that the Department must follow 

Management Directive 215.9 and the Keystone Offset Program if it seeks an offset 

against CSI; (3) award penalties and attorney fees under Section 3935 of the 

Procurement Code; and (4) grant any other “just and equitable” relief.

 

10 Section 1712.1(e) of the Procurement Code provides that “[w]ithin 15 days of the 

mailing date of a final determination denying a claim or within 135 days of filing a claim if no 

extension is agreed to by the parties, whichever occurs first, the contractor may file a statement 

of claim with the board.” 62 Pa. C.S. §1712.1(e).
10

The Department then filed the instant preliminary objections to the 

petition for review, initially alleging that CSI’s claim challenging the Department’s 

offset under the parties’ contracts is within the exclusive jurisdiction of the Board 

of Claims under Section 1724(a)(1) of the Procurement Code11 and not in this 

Court’s original jurisdiction. Specifically, the Department argues that CSI’s claims 

are either within the exclusive jurisdiction of the Board of Claims or barred by 

sovereign immunity under the Pennsylvania Supreme Court’s opinion in Scientific 

Games International, Inc. v. Department of Revenue, 66 A.3d 740 (Pa. 2013)

(Scientific Games). We agree that CSI’s claims are within the exclusive 

jurisdiction of the Board of Claims and transfer the matter to the Board.

In Scientific Games, DGS, on behalf of the Department of Revenue, 

issued a request for proposals for the design, development, implementation and 

maintenance of a computer system to monitor slot machines. The new system was 

to replace the existing system provided by GTECH Corporation (GTECH) and 

both GTECH and Scientific Games submitted proposals. Ultimately, DGS 

awarded the contract to Scientific Games, an agreement on contract terms was 

reached, and a final draft of the contract was completed but not fully executed by 

the Commonwealth. DGS later announced that it was cancelling the request for 

proposals and the award and Scientific Games filed an action in this Court’s 

 

11 62 Pa. C.S. §1724(a)(1). Section 1724(a)(1) provides that “[t]he board shall have 

exclusive jurisdiction to arbitrate claims arising from ... [a] contract entered into by a 

Commonwealth agency in accordance with this part and filed with the board in accordance with 

section 1712.1 (relating to contract controversies).” Section 1724(c) states that “[t]he board shall 

have no power and exercise no jurisdiction over a claim asserted under subsection (a)(1) unless it 

is filed with the board in accordance with section 1712.1....” 62 Pa. C.S. §1724(c).
11

original jurisdiction seeking declaratory and injunctive relief against DGS and the 

Department of Revenue. Scientific Games alleged that an enforceable contract had 

been executed and could not be cancelled under the Procurement Code. As a 

result, Scientific Games sought specific performance of the contract. GTECH 

intervened and filed preliminary objections along with DGS and the Department of 

Revenue alleging, inter alia, that Scientific Games’ claims sounded in contract and 

hinged on the execution of the contract and, therefore, were either within the 

exclusive jurisdiction of the Board of Claims or subject to sovereign immunity.

This Court overruled the preliminary objections. On the jurisdictional 

issue, we determined that Section 1724(d) applied broadly and did not preclude

Scientific Games from bringing an action in this Court where monetary relief was 

not sought. This Court also noted that Scientific Games’ complaint, in essence, 

sought specific performance of the contract, and that we have long held that 

specific performance is generally not an available remedy against the 

Commonwealth, but that Section 1724(d) allowed a party to seek such relief.

However, on appeal, the Supreme Court reversed, explaining:

While more general clarification of the relationship 

between sovereign immunity and jurisdiction may be 

appropriate in the arena at large, for present purposes, we 

regard sovereign immunity as a jurisdictional concern 

vis-à-vis the Procurement Code. Our understanding, in 

this regard, is premised on the enactment’s self-contained 

reaffirmation of sovereign immunity, see 62 Pa. C.S. 

§1702(a), and its explicit, limited waiver of such 

immunity (among other specified and limited waivers) in 

connection with a coordinate allocation of “exclusive 

jurisdiction” to the Board of Claims over claims arising 
12

from certain contracts entered into by a Commonwealth 

agency, see id. §§1702(b), 1724(a)(1).[12]In this respect, 

we agree with Appellants that—as a matter of 

jurisdiction—if the General Assembly has not 

specifically provided by statute for such nonmonetary 

relief in a claim arising from a contract entered into by a 

Commonwealth agency under the Procurement Code, 

then either the claim is within the exclusive jurisdiction 

of the Board of Claims or it is barred by sovereign 

immunity. As Appellants argue, this is consistent with 

the longstanding public policy, as established under the 

[former] Board of Claims Act, of broadly channeling 

 

12 Section 1702 of the Procurement Code provides:

(a) General Rule.—The General Assembly under section 11 of 

Article I of the Constitution of Pennsylvania reaffirms sovereign 

immunity, and, except as otherwise provided in this chapter, no 

provision of this part shall constitute a waiver of sovereign 

immunity for the purpose of 1 Pa. C.S. §2310 (relating to 

sovereign immunity reaffirmed; specific waiver) or otherwise.

(b) Exception.—The General Assembly under section 11 of 

Article I of the Constitution of Pennsylvania does hereby waive 

sovereign immunity as a bar to claims against the Commonwealth 

agencies brought in accordance with sections 1711.1 (relating to 

protests of solicitations or awards) and 1712.1 (relating to contract 

controversies and Subchapter C (relating to Board of Claims) but 

only to the extent set forth in this chapter.

62 Pa. C.S. §1702. See also Pa. Const. art. I, §11 (“Suits may be brought against the 

Commonwealth in such manner, in such courts and in such cases as the Legislature may by law 

direct.”); 1 Pa. C.S. §2310 (“Pursuant to section 11 of Article 1 of the Constitution of

Pennsylvania, it is hereby declared to be the intent of the General Assembly that the 

Commonwealth, and its officials and employees acting within the scope of their duties, shall 

continue to enjoy sovereign immunity and official immunity and remain immune from suit 

except as the General Assembly shall specifically waive the immunity. When the General 

Assembly specifically waives sovereign immunity, a claimant against the Commonwealth and its 

officials and employees shall be brought only in such manner and in such courts and in such 

cases as directed by the provisions of Title 42 (relating to judiciary and judicial procedure) or 62 

(relating to procurement) unless otherwise specifically authorized by statute.”).
13

contract claims through the Board of Claims, which also 

remains the initial arbiter of whether a contract exists.

Scientific Games, 66 A.3d at 756 (citations and footnotes omitted).

Based on the foregoing, the Supreme Court concluded:

The Procurement Code establishes administrative 

processes to address disputes arising in the procurement 

setting. On account of the doctrine of sovereign 

immunity, however, contractors, bidders, and offerors

have limited recourse and remedies. Relative to 

controversies in matters arising from procurement 

contracts with Commonwealth agencies, the Board of 

Claims retains exclusive jurisdiction (subject to all 

jurisdictional prerequisites), which is not to be 

supplanted by a court of law through an exercise of 

original jurisdiction.

...For those attaining the status of contractor—which we 

find should be deemed to occur at the time a contract is 

executed by all parties ... —the remedial procedure is 

via Section 1712.1, subject to review within the exclusive 

jurisdiction of the Board of Claims. Our holding in this 

case is limited to the Procurement Code arena, in which 

the scenario before us has arisen.

Id. at 760.

In this case, it is undisputed that the controversy relates to the 

Department’s use of an offset to withhold payments that are purportedly due to CSI 

under the contracts between the parties.13 Under Scientific Games, CSI may only 

 

13 See Footnotes 5, 8 supra.
14

seek a remedy in the Board of Claims to recover any sums purportedly due under 

the contracts, along with the award of penalties and attorney fees under Section 

3935 of the Procurement Code, and may not rely upon an action in this Court’s 

original jurisdiction to do so. Additionally, the General Assembly has not waived 

sovereign immunity with respect to such an action in our original jurisdiction and 

has not specifically preserved any right for declaratory or injunctive relief under 

Section 1724(d) of the Procurement Code. Moreover, as outlined above, CSI 

perfected the Board’s jurisdiction to provide such a remedy under the Procurement 

Code by fulfilling the requirements of Section 1712.1 through submitting a timely 

protest with the Department and by timely filing the instant petition for review in 

this Court. As a result, this matter is properly transferred to the Board of Claims 

for disposition.

14

 

14 See Tallada v. East Stroudsburg University of Pennsylvania, 724 A.2d 427, 428 (Pa. 

Cmwlth. 1999) (“[U]pon determining that Tallada’s contract claim fell within the jurisdiction of 

the Board of Claims, the trial court should have transferred this claim to the Board of Claims 

pursuant to section 5103 of the Judicial Code, 42 Pa. C.S. §5103....”); 42 Pa. C.S. §5103(a) (“If 

an appeal or other matter is taken to or brought in a court ... of this Commonwealth which does 

not have jurisdiction of the appeal or other matter, the court ... shall not quash such appeal or 

dismiss the matter, but shall transfer the record thereof to the proper tribunal of this 

Commonwealth, where the appeal or other matter shall be treated as if originally filed in the 

transferee tribunal on the date when the appeal or other matter was first filed in a court .... of this 

Commonwealth....”).
15

Accordingly, the Department’s preliminary objection is sustained and 

CSI’s petition for review is transferred to the Board of Claims.

15

____________________________________

DAN PELLEGRINI, President Judge

 

15 Based upon our disposition of this preliminary objection, we will not reach any other 

remaining preliminary objections.
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Czop/Specter, Inc., :

Petitioner :

:

v. : No. 374 M.D. 2015

:

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, :

Department of Transportation, :

Respondent :

O R D E R

AND NOW, this 15th day of December, 2015, the preliminary objection 

of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Transportation, is sustained 

and the petition for review filed by Czop/Specter, Inc. is transferred to the Board of 

Claims.

Jurisdiction is relinquished.

____________________________________

DAN PELLEGRINI, President Judge