II 

Calendar No. 74 

110TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 494 

[Report No. 110–34] 

To endorse further enlargement of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization 

(NATO) and to facilitate the timely admission of new members to NATO, 

and for other purposes. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

FEBRUARY 6, 2007 

Mr. LUGAR (for himself, Mr. DODD, Mr. VOINOVICH, Mr. SUNUNU, Mr. 

SMITH, Mr. MCCAIN, Mr. HAGEL, and Mr. BIDEN) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations 

MARCH 9, 2007 

Reported by Mr. BIDEN, without amendment 

A BILL 

To endorse further enlargement of the North Atlantic Treaty 

Organization (NATO) and to facilitate the timely admission of new members to NATO, and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 


ccoleman on PROD1PC60 with BILLS
2 

•S 494 RS

1 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

2 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘NATO Freedom Con3 solidation Act of 2007’’. 

4 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

5 Congress makes the following findings: 

6 (1) The sustained commitment of the North At7 lantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to mutual de8 fense has made possible the democratic trans9 formation of Central and Eastern Europe. Members 

10 of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization can and 

11 should play a critical role in addressing the security 

12 challenges of the post-Cold War era in creating the 

13 stable environment needed for those emerging de14 mocracies in Europe. 

15 (2) Lasting stability and security in Europe re16 quires the military, economic, and political integra17 tion of emerging democracies into existing European 

18 structures. 

19 (3) In an era of threats from terrorism and the 

20 proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, the 

21 North Atlantic Treaty Organization is increasingly 

22 contributing to security in the face of global security 

23 challenges for the protection and interests of its 

24 member states. 

25 (4) In the NATO Participation Act of 1994 

26 (title II of Public Law 103–447; 22 U.S.C. 1928 


ccoleman on PROD1PC60 with BILLS
3 

•S 494 RS

1 note), Congress declared that ‘‘full and active par2 ticipants in the Partnership for Peace in a position 

3 to further the principles of the North Atlantic Trea4 ty and to contribute to the security of the North At5 lantic area should be invited to become full NATO 

6 members in accordance with Article 10 of such 

7 Treaty at an early date. . .’’. 

8 (5) In the NATO Enlargement Facilitation Act 

9 of 1996 (title VI of section 101(c) of title I of divi10 sion A of Public Law 104–208; 22 U.S.C. 1928 

11 note), Congress called for the prompt admission of 

12 Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Slovenia 

13 to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and de14 clared that ‘‘in order to promote economic stability 

15 and security in Slovakia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, 

16 Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Moldova, and Ukraine 

17 . . . the process of enlarging NATO to include 

18 emerging democracies in Central and Eastern Eu19 rope should not be limited to consideration of admit20 ting Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Slo21 venia as full members of the NATO Alliance’’. 

22 (6) In the European Security Act of 1998 (title 

23 XXVII of division G of Public Law 105–277; 22 

24 U.S.C. 1928 note), Congress declared that ‘‘Poland, 

25 Hungary, and the Czech Republic should not be the 


ccoleman on PROD1PC60 with BILLS
4 

•S 494 RS

1 last emerging democracies in Central and Eastern 

2 Europe invited to join NATO’’ and that ‘‘Romania, 

3 Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Bulgaria . . . would 

4 make an outstanding contribution to furthering the 

5 goals of NATO and enhancing stability, freedom, 

6 and peace in Europe should they become NATO 

7 members [and] upon complete satisfaction of all rel8 evant criteria should be invited to become full NATO 

9 members at the earliest possible date’’. 

10 (7) In the Gerald B. H. Solomon Freedom Con11 solidation Act of 2002 (Public Law 107–187; 22 

12 U.S.C. 1928 note), Congress endorsed ‘‘. . . the vi13 sion of further enlargement of the NATO Alliance 

14 articulated by President George W. Bush on June 

15 15, 2001, and by former President William J. Clin16 ton on October 22, 1996’’. 

17 (8) At the Madrid Summit of the North Atlan18 tic Treaty Organization in July 1997, Poland, Hun19 gary, and the Czech Republic were invited to join 

20 the Alliance, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organi21 zation heads of state and government issued a dec22 laration stating ‘‘[t]he alliance expects to extend fur23 ther invitations in coming years to nations willing 

24 and able to assume the responsibilities and obliga25 tions of membership . . . [n]o European democratic 


ccoleman on PROD1PC60 with BILLS
5 

•S 494 RS

1 country whose admission would fulfill the objectives 

2 of the [North Atlantic] Treaty will be excluded from 

3 consideration’’. 

4 (9) At the Washington Summit of the North 

5 Atlantic Treaty Organization in April 1999, the 

6 North Atlantic Treaty Organization heads of state 

7 and government issued a communique ́ declaring 

8 ‘‘[w]e pledge that NATO will continue to welcome 

9 new members in a position to further the principles 

10 of the [North Atlantic] Treaty and contribute to 

11 peace and security in the Euro-Atlantic area . . . 

12 [t]he three new members will not be the last . . . 

13 [n]o European democratic country whose admission 

14 would fulfill the objectives of the Treaty will be ex15 cluded from consideration, regardless of its geo16 graphic location . . .’’. 

17 (10) In May 2000 in Vilnius, Lithuania, the 

18 foreign ministers of Albania, Bulgaria, Estonia, Lat19 via, Lithuania, the Republic of Macedonia, Romania, 

20 Slovakia, and Slovenia issued a statement (later 

21 joined by Croatia) declaring that— 

22 (A) their countries will cooperate in jointly 

23 seeking membership in the North Atlantic 

24 Treaty Organization in the next round of enVerDate Aug 31 2005 23:50 Mar 09, 2007 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S494.RS S494

ccoleman on PROD1PC60 with BILLS
6 

•S 494 RS

1 largement of the North Atlantic Treaty Organi2 zation; 

3 (B) the realization of membership in the 

4 North Atlantic Treaty Organization by one or 

5 more of these countries would be a success for 

6 all; and 

7 (C) eventual membership in the North At8 lantic Treaty Organization for all of these coun9 tries would be a success for Europe and for the 

10 North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 

11 (11) On June 15, 2001, in a speech in Warsaw, 

12 Poland, President George W. Bush stated ‘‘[a]ll of 

13 Europe’s new democracies, from the Baltic to the 

14 Black Sea and all that lie between, should have the 

15 same chance for security and freedom—and the 

16 same chance to join the institutions of Europe—as 

17 Europe’s old democracies have . . . I believe in 

18 NATO membership for all of Europe’s democracies 

19 that seek it and are ready to share the responsibil20 ities that NATO brings . . . [a]s we plan to enlarge 

21 NATO, no nation should be used as a pawn in the 

22 agenda of others . . . [w]e will not trade away the 

23 fate of free European peoples . . . [n]o more 

24 Munichs . . . [n]o more Yaltas . . . [a]s we plan 

25 the Prague Summit, we should not calculate how litVerDate Aug 31 2005 23:50 Mar 09, 2007 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S494.RS S494

ccoleman on PROD1PC60 with BILLS
7 

•S 494 RS

1 tle we can get away with, but how much we can do 

2 to advance the cause of freedom’’. 

3 (12) On October 22, 1996, in a speech in De4 troit, Michigan, former President William J. Clinton 

5 stated ‘‘NATO’s doors will not close behind its first 

6 new members . . . NATO should remain open to all 

7 of Europe’s emerging democracies who are ready to 

8 shoulder the responsibilities of membership . . . 

9 [n]o nation will be automatically excluded . . . [n]o 

10 country outside NATO will have a veto . . . [a] gray 

11 zone of insecurity must not reemerge in Europe’’. 

12 (13) At the Prague Summit of the North Atlan13 tic Treaty Organization in November 2002, Bul14 garia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slo15 vakia, and Slovenia were invited to join the Alliance 

16 in the second round of enlargement of the North At17 lantic Treaty Organization since the end of the Cold 

18 War, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization 

19 heads of state and government issued a declaration 

20 stating ‘‘NATO’s door will remain open to European 

21 democracies willing and able to assume the respon22 sibilities and obligations of membership, in accord23 ance with Article 10 of the Washington Treaty’’. 

24 (14) On May 8, 2003, the United States Senate 

25 unanimously approved the Resolution of Ratification 


ccoleman on PROD1PC60 with BILLS
8 

•S 494 RS

1 to Accompany Treaty Document No. 108–4, Proto2 cols to the North Atlantic Treaty of 1949 on Acces3 sion of Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Roma4 nia, Slovakia, and Slovenia, inviting Bulgaria, Esto5 nia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slo6 venia to join the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza7 tion. 

8 (15) At the Istanbul Summit of the North At9 lantic Treaty Organization in June 2004, the North 

10 Atlantic Treaty Organization heads of state and gov11 ernment issued a communique ́ reaffirming that 

12 NATO’s door remains open to new members, declar13 ing ‘‘[w]e celebrate the success of NATO’s Open 

14 Door Policy, and reaffirm tody that our seven new 

15 members will not be the last. The door to member16 ship remains open. We welcome the progress made 

17 by Albania, Croatia, and the former Yugoslav Re18 public of Macedonia (1) in implementing their An19 nual National Programmes under the Membership 

20 Action Plan, and encourage them to continue pur21 suing the reforms necessary to progress toward 

22 NATO membership. We also commend their con23 tribution to regional stability and cooperation. We 

24 want all three countries to succeed and will continue 

25 to assist them in their reform efforts. NATO will 


ccoleman on PROD1PC60 with BILLS
9 

•S 494 RS

1 continue to assess each country’s candidacy individ2 ually, based on the progress made towards reform 

3 goals pursued through the Membership Action Plan, 

4 which will remain the vehicle to keep the readiness 

5 of each aspirant for membership under review. We 

6 direct that NATO Foreign Ministers keep the en7 largement process, including the implementation of 

8 the Membership Action Plan, under continual review 

9 and report to us. We will review at the next Summit 

10 progress by aspirants towards membership based on 

11 that report’’. 

12 (16) Georgia and Ukraine have stated their de13 sire to join the Euro-Atlantic community, and in 

14 particular, are seeking to join the North Atlantic 

15 Treaty Organization. Georgia and Ukraine are work16 ing closely with the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza17 tion and its members to meet criteria for eventual 

18 membership in NATO. 

19 (17) At a press conference with President Mi20 khail Saakashvili of Georgia in Washington, D.C. on 

21 July 5, 2006, President George W. Bush stated that 

22 ‘‘. . . I believe that NATO would benefit with Geor23 gia being a member of NATO, and I think Georgia 

24 would benefit. And there’s a way forward through 

25 the Membership Action Plan . . . And I’m a believer 


ccoleman on PROD1PC60 with BILLS
10 

•S 494 RS

1 in the expansion of NATO. I think it’s in the world’s 

2 interest that we expand NATO’’. 

3 (18) Following a meeting of NATO Foreign 

4 Ministers in New York on September 21, 2006, 

5 NATO Secretary General Jaap de Hoop Scheffer 

6 announced the launching of an Intensified Dialogue 

7 on membership between the Alliance and Georgia. 

8 (19) At the NATO-Ukraine Commission Sum9 mit in Brussels in February 2005, President of 

10 Ukraine Victor Yushchenko declared membership in 

11 NATO as the ultimate goal of Ukraine’s cooperation 

12 with the Alliance and expressed Ukraine’s desire to 

13 conclude a Membership Action Plan. 

14 (20) At the NATO-Ukraine Commission For15 eign Ministerial meeting in Vilnius in April 2005, 

16 NATO and Ukraine launched an Intensified Dia17 logue on the potential membership of Ukraine in 

18 NATO. 

19 (21) At the Riga Summit of the North Atlantic 

20 Treaty Organization in November 2006, the Heads 

21 of State and Government of the member countries of 

22 NATO issued a declaration reaffirming that NATO’s 

23 door remains open to new members, declaring that 

24 ‘‘all European democratic countries may be consid25 ered for MAP (Membership Action Plan) or admisVerDate Aug 31 2005 23:50 Mar 09, 2007 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S494.RS S494

ccoleman on PROD1PC60 with BILLS
11 

•S 494 RS

1 sion, subject to decision by the NAC (North Atlantic 

2 Council) at each stage, based on the performance of 

3 these countries towards meeting the objectives of the 

4 North Atlantic Treaty. We direct that NATO For5 eign Ministers keep that process under continual re6 view and report to us. We welcome the efforts of Al7 bania, Croatia, and the former Yugoslav Republic of 

8 Macedonia to prepare themselves for the responsibil9 ities and obligations of membership. We reaffirm 

10 that the Alliance will continue with Georgia and 

11 Ukraine its Intensified Dialogues which cover the 

12 full range of political, military, financial and security 

13 issues relating to those countries’ aspirations to 

14 membership, without prejudice to any eventual Alli15 ance decision. We reaffirm the importance of the 

16 NATO-Ukraine Distinctive Partnership, which has 

17 its 10th anniversary next year and welcome the 

18 progress that has been made in the framework of 

19 our Intensified Dialogue. We appreciate Ukraine’s 

20 substantial contributions to our common security, in21 cluding through participation in NATO-led oper22 ations and efforts to promote regional cooperation. 

23 We encourage Ukraine to continue to contribute to 

24 regional security. We are determined to continue to 

25 assist, through practical cooperation, in the impleVerDate Aug 31 2005 23:50 Mar 09, 2007 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S494.RS S494

ccoleman on PROD1PC60 with BILLS
12 

•S 494 RS

1 mentation of far-reaching reform efforts, notably in 

2 the fields of national security, defence, reform of the 

3 defence-industrial sector and fighting corruption. We 

4 welcome the commencement of an Intensified Dia5 logue with Georgia as well as Georgia’s contribution 

6 to international peacekeeping and security oper7 ations. We will continue to engage actively with 

8 Georgia in support of its reform process. We encour9 age Georgia to continue progress on political, eco10 nomic and military reforms, including strengthening 

11 judicial reform, as well as the peaceful resolution of 

12 outstanding conflicts on its territory. We reaffirm 

13 that it is of great importance that all parties in the 

14 region should engage constructively to promote re15 gional peace and stability.’’. 

16 (22) Contingent upon their continued imple17 mentation of democratic, defense, and economic re18 form, and their willingness and ability to meet the 

19 responsibilities of membership in the North Atlantic 

20 Treaty Organization and a clear expression of na21 tional intent to do so, Congress calls for the timely 

22 admission of Albania, Croatia, Georgia, Macedonia, 

23 and Ukraine to the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza24 tion to promote security and stability in Europe. 


ccoleman on PROD1PC60 with BILLS
13 

•S 494 RS

1 SEC. 3. DECLARATIONS OF POLICY. 

2 Congress— 

3 (1) reaffirms its previous expressions of support 

4 for continued enlargement of the North Atlantic 

5 Treaty Organization contained in the NATO Partici6 pation Act of 1994, the NATO Enlargement Facili7 tation Act of 1996, the European Security Act of 

8 1998, and the Gerald B. H. Solomon Freedom Con9 solidation Act of 2002; 

10 (2) supports the commitment to further en11 largement of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization 

12 to include European democracies that are able and 

13 willing to meet the responsibilities of Membership, as 

14 expressed by the Alliance in its Madrid Summit Dec15 laration of 1997, its Washington Summit 

16 Communique ́ of 1999, its Prague Summit Declara17 tion of 2002, its Istanbul Summit Communique ́ of 

18 2004, and its Riga Summit Declaration of 2006; 

19 and 

20 (3) endorses the vision of further enlargement 

21 of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization articu22 lated by President George W. Bush on June 15, 

23 2001, and by former President William J. Clinton 

24 on October 22, 1996, and urges our allies in the 

25 North Atlantic Treaty Organization to work with the 

26 United States to realize a role for the North Atlantic 


ccoleman on PROD1PC60 with BILLS
14 

•S 494 RS

1 Treaty Organization in promoting global security, 

2 including continued support for enlargement to in3 clude qualified candidate states, specifically by enter4 ing into a Membership Action Plan with Georgia and 

5 recognizing the progress toward meeting the respon6 sibilities and obligations of NATO membership by 

7 Albania, Croatia, Georgia, Macedonia, and Ukraine. 

8 SEC. 4. DESIGNATION OF ALBANIA, CROATIA, GEORGIA, 

9 MACEDONIA, AND UKRAINE AS ELIGIBLE TO 

10 RECEIVE ASSISTANCE UNDER THE NATO 

11 PARTICIPATION ACT OF 1994. 

12 (a) DESIGNATION.— 

13 (1) ALBANIA.—The Republic of Albania is des14 ignated as eligible to receive assistance under the 

15 program established under section 203(a) of the 

16 NATO Participation Act of 1994 (title II of Public 

17 Law 103–447; 22 U.S.C. 1928 note), and shall be 

18 deemed to have been so designated pursuant to sec19 tion 203(d)(1) of such Act. 

20 (2) CROATIA.—The Republic of Croatia is des21 ignated as eligible to receive assistance under the 

22 program established under section 203(a) of the 

23 NATO Participation Act of 1994, and shall be 

24 deemed to have been so designated pursuant to sec25 tion 203(d)(1) of such Act. 


ccoleman on PROD1PC60 with BILLS
15 

•S 494 RS

1 (3) GEORGIA.—Georgia is designated as eligible 

2 to receive assistance under the program established 

3 under section 203(a) of the NATO Participation Act 

4 of 1994, and shall be deemed to have been so des5 ignated pursuant to section 203(d)(1) of such Act. 

6 (4) MACEDONIA.—The Republic of Macedonia 

7 is designated as eligible to receive assistance under 

8 the program established under section 203(a) of the 

9 NATO Participation Act of 1994, and shall be 

10 deemed to have been so designated pursuant to sec11 tion 203(d)(1) of such Act. 

12 (5) UKRAINE.—Ukraine is designated as eligi13 ble to receive assistance under the program estab14 lished under section 203(a) of the NATO Participa15 tion Act of 1994, and shall be deemed to have been 

16 so designated pursuant to section 203(d)(1) of such 

17 Act. 

18 (b) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—The designation of 

19 the Republic of Albania, the Republic of Croatia, Georgia, 

20 the Republic of Macedonia, and Ukraine pursuant to sub21 section (a) as eligible to receive assistance under the pro22 gram established under section 203(a) of the NATO Par23 ticipation Act of 1994— 

24 (1) is in addition to the designation of Poland, 

25 Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Slovenia pursuVerDate Aug 31 2005 23:50 Mar 09, 2007 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S494.RS S494

ccoleman on PROD1PC60 with BILLS
16 

•S 494 RS

1 ant to section 606 of the NATO Enlargement Facili2 tation Act of 1996 (title VI of section 101(c) of title 

3 I of division A of Public Law 104–208; 22 U.S.C. 

4 1928 note), the designation of Romania, Estonia, 

5 Latvia, Lithuania, and Bulgaria pursuant to section 

6 2703(b) of the European Security Act of 1998 (title 

7 XXVII of division G of Public Law 105–277; 22 

8 U.S.C. 1928 note), and the designation of Slovakia 

9 pursuant to section 4(a) of the Gerald B. H. Sol10 omon Freedom Consolidation Act of 2002 (Public 

11 Law 107–187; 22 U.S.C. 1928 note) as eligible to 

12 receive assistance under the program established 

13 under section 203(a) of the NATO Participation Act 

14 of 1994; and 

15 (2) shall not preclude the designation by the 

16 President of other countries pursuant to section 

17 203(d)(2) of the NATO Participation Act of 1994 as 

18 eligible to receive assistance under the program es19 tablished under section 203(a) of such Act. 

20 SEC. 5. AUTHORIZATION OF SECURITY ASSISTANCE FOR 

21 COUNTRIES DESIGNATED UNDER THE NATO 

22 PARTICIPATION ACT OF 1994. 

23 Of the amounts made available for fiscal year 2008 

24 under section 23 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 

25 U.S.C. 2763) such sums as may be necessary are authorVerDate Aug 31 2005 23:50 Mar 09, 2007 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S494.RS S494

ccoleman on PROD1PC60 with BILLS
17 

•S 494 RS

1 ized to be appropriated for assistance to the Republic of 

2 Albania, the Republic of Croatia, Georgia, the Republic 

3 of Macedonia, and Ukraine. 


ccoleman on PROD1PC60 with BILLS
Calendar No. 74 

110TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 494 

[Report No. 110

–34] 

A BILL 

To endorse further enlargement of the North Atlanand for other purposes. the timely admission of new members to NATO, tic Treaty Organization (NATO) and to facilitate 

MARCH 9, 2007 

Reported without amendment 


ccoleman on PROD1PC60 with BILLS