# Patent

## Title
Optical apparatus

## Abstract

An optical apparatus is disclosed which can well maintain a surface contact state between a vibrator and a contact member of a vibration type linear actuator to perform a stable lens drive. The optical apparatus comprises a vibration type linear actuator driving a lens in an optical axis direction. The vibration type linear actuator includes a vibrator on which vibration is produced through an electromechanical energy conversion action and a contact member which is in press contact with the vibrator. The apparatus comprises a holding mechanism which holds one member of the vibrator and the contact member so as to change at least one of the position and inclination of the one member in response to a force smaller than a press contact force between the vibrator and the contact member.

## Background
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an optical apparatus having a driving source for driving a lens in an optical axis direction, and particularly, to an optical apparatus which includes a vibration type linear actuator for use as a driving source.
Some optical apparatuses include a vibration type linear actuator for use as a driving source for driving a lens (for example, see Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10(1998)-90584).
In the optical apparatuses proposed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10(1998)-90584 having the vibration type linear actuator, the vibration type linear actuator is formed of a vibrator which produces vibration through an electromechanical energy conversion action and a contact member which is in press contact with the vibrator. The vibrator is fixed to a lens holding member, the contact member is fixed to a stationary member of a lens barrel, and the vibrator is caused to produce driving vibration, thereby moving the lens holding member together with the vibrator, or the contact member is fixed to the lens holding member, the vibrator is fixed to the stationary member of the lens barrel, and the vibrator is caused to produce driving vibration, thereby moving the lens holding member together with the contact member.
The description will be made of the lens barrel proposed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10(1998)-90584 using FIGS. 21 and 22.
In FIGS. 21A to 21D, reference numeral 901 denotes a lens holding frame, 902 denotes a guide bar which guides the lens holding frame 901 in the optical axis direction. Reference numeral 904 denotes a vibrator, 905 a supporting portion which supports the vibrator 904, 906 a contact member which is in press contact with the vibrator 904, and 907 a biasing member which produces the press contact force acting between the vibrator 904 and the contact member 906.
In FIG. 22, reference numeral 911 a denotes a lens holding frame, and 913 a guide bush which is attached to the lens holding frame 911 and engages with a guide bar 930 in a movable condition in the optical axis direction. Reference numeral 920 denotes a vibrator holding frame which is provided on the guide bush 913, and 925a and 925b supporting portions which support a vibrator 923. Reference numeral 922 denotes a contact member which is fixed to a lens barrel main body, and 926 a spring which produces the press contact force acting between the vibrator 923 and the contact member 922.
As shown in FIGS. 21C and 21D, in a case where the vibrator 904 or the contact member 906 is supported only by the biasing member 907, though the press contact between the vibrator 904 and the contact member 906 is ensured, there is no structure that supports the vibrator 904 or the contact member 906 in the optical axis direction. This causes a deformation of the biasing member 907 in the lens driving direction, thereby deteriorating the accuracy of the driving position of the lens holding frame 901.
On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 21A, 21B, and 22, in a case where the vibrator 904 or 923 is supported by the supporting member 905 or 925a, 925b in a movable condition only in a direction perpendicular to the press contact surface, a so-called point contact state or line contact state is generated between the vibrator and the contact member by relative inclinations of the guide bar 902 or 930, the supporting portion 905 or 925a, 925b, and the contact member 906 or 922. This reduces the driving force in comparison with the driving force generated by the surface contact of the vibrator and the contact member.
Further, the biasing force (or spring force) generated by the biasing member which brings the vibrator and the contact member into press contact with each other is extremely large, so that the reaction force of the press contact force acting on the engagement part of the lens holding member and the guide bar increases the friction force (or driving load) generated in the engagement part in the driving direction. This causes problems that an increase of the size and output power of the vibration type linear actuator is required, a fine lens drive cannot be performed, and the engagement part is worn.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide an optical apparatus which can well maintain a surface contact state between a vibrator and a contact member of a vibration type linear actuator to perform a stable lens drive. In addition, it is another object of the present invention to provide an optical apparatus which can reduce wear (abrasion) caused by the lens drive.
According to an aspect, the present invention provides an optical apparatus comprising a lens, a vibration type linear actuator which drives the lens in an optical axis direction. The vibration type linear actuator includes a vibrator on which vibration is produced through an electromechanical energy conversion action and a contact member which is in press contact with the vibrator. Further, the optical apparatus comprises a holding mechanism which holds one member of the vibrator and the contact member so as to change at least one of the position and inclination of the one member in response to a force smaller than a press contact force between the vibrator and the contact member.
Other objects and features of the present invention will become readily apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments with reference to accompanying drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIGS. 1A to 1D show the structure of a lens barrel of an image-taking apparatus which is Embodiment 1 of the present invention when viewed from four directions.
FIG. 2 is a section view showing the lens barrel in Embodiment 1 taken along a plane in parallel with an optical axis.
FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the lens barrel in Embodiment 1.
FIG. 4A is a perspective view showing a second lens holding member in the lens barrel in Embodiment 1.
FIG. 4B is a perspective view showing a first vibration type linear actuator in the lens barrel in Embodiment 1.
FIG. 5A is a perspective view showing a fourth lens holding member in the lens barrel in Embodiment 1.
FIG. 5B is a perspective view showing a second vibration type linear actuator in the lens barrel in Embodiment 1.
FIG. 5C schematically shows the structure of a light amount adjusting unit in the lens barrel in Embodiment 1.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the electrical structure of the image-taking apparatus of Embodiment 1.
FIG. 7 is a section view showing a lens barrel in Embodiment 2 of the present invention taken along a plane in parallel with an optical axis.
FIG. 8 is a section view showing the lens barrel in Embodiment 2 taken along a plane perpendicular to the optical axis.
FIG. 9 is a section view showing the lens barrel in Embodiment 2 taken along a plane perpendicular to the optical axis.
FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view showing the lens barrel in Embodiment 2.
FIG. 11 is a section view showing a lens barrel in Embodiment 3 of the present invention taken along a plane in parallel with an optical axis.
FIG. 12 is a section view showing the lens barrel in Embodiment 3 taken along a plane perpendicular to the optical axis.
FIG. 13 is a section view showing the lens barrel in Embodiment 3 taken along a plane perpendicular to the optical axis.
FIG. 14 is an exploded perspective view showing the lens barrel in Embodiment 3.
FIGS. 15A to 15D show the structure of a lens barrel of an image-taking apparatus which is Embodiment 4 of the present invention when viewed from four directions.
FIG. 16 is a section view showing the lens barrel in Embodiment 4 taken along a plane in parallel with an optical axis.
FIG. 17 is a section view showing the lens barrel in Embodiment 4 taken along a plane perpendicular to the optical axis.
FIG. 18 is a section view showing the lens barrel in Embodiment 4 taken along a plane perpendicular to the optical axis.
FIG. 19 is an exploded perspective view showing the lens barrel in Embodiment 4.
FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing the electrical structure of the image-taking apparatus of Embodiment 4.
FIGS. 21A to 21D show an optical apparatus using a conventional vibration type linear actuator.
FIG. 22 shows an optical apparatus using a conventional vibration type linear actuator.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will hereinafter be described with reference to the drawings.
Embodiment 1
FIGS. 1A to 1D show a lens barrel, with its exterior removed, in an image-taking apparatus (optical apparatus) which is Embodiment 1 of the present invention when viewed from four directions, the front, right, back, and left, respectively. FIG. 2 is a section view of the lens barrel taken along the plane including the optical axis of the lens barrel. FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the lens barrel. FIGS. 4A and 4B are partial enlarged views showing a vibration type linear actuator for driving a second lens unit which forms part of the lens barrel. FIGS. 5A and 5B are partial enlarged views showing a vibration type linear actuator for driving a fourth lens unit which forms part of the lens barrel. FIG. 5C schematically shows the structure of a light amount adjusting unit which forms part of the lens barrel. FIG. 6 shows the electrical structure of the image-taking apparatus of Embodiment 1.
In FIGS. 1A to 6, in order from an object side, reference numerals 1 shows a fixed first lens unit, 2 the second lens unit which is movable in the optical axis direction for varying magnification, 15 the light amount adjusting unit, 3 a fixed third lens unit, and 4 the fourth lens unit which is movable in the optical axis direction for correcting image plane changes associated with varied magnification and for focal adjustment.
Reference numeral 5 shows a rear barrel which holds an image-pickup device, later described, and a low pass filter (LPF), and is fixed to a camera body, not shown. Reference numeral 6 shows a first lens holding member which holds the first lens unit 1 and is fixed to the rear barrel 5 by screws 7, 8, and 9.
Reference numerals 10 and 11 show guide bars (guide members) which are held substantially in parallel with the optical axis direction by the rear barrel 5 and the first lens holding member 6.
Reference numeral 12 shows a second lens holding member which holds the second lens unit 2 and to which a mask 32 for cutting unnecessary light is fixed. The second lens holding member 12 engages with the guide bar 10 at an engaging portion 12a to be guided in the optical axis direction and engages with the guide bar 11 at an engaging portion 12b to be prevented from rotation around the guide bar 10. Reference numeral 13 shows a third lens holding member which holds the third lens unit 3 and is fixed to the rear barrel 5 by a screw 16. Reference numeral 14 shows a fourth lens holding member which holds the fourth lens unit 4, and engages with the guide bar 11 at an engaging portion 14a to be guided in the optical axis direction and engages with the guide bar 10 at an engaging portion 14b to be prevented from rotation around the guide bar 11.
The light amount adjusting unit 15 has an outer shape which is longer in a vertical direction (first direction) than in a horizontal direction (second direction) when viewed from the optical axis direction. The light amount adjusting unit 15 is fixed to the rear barrel 5 by a screw 17. As shown in FIG. 5C, the light amount adjusting unit 15 is a so-called guillotine type aperture stop in which a pair of aperture blades 15a and 15b are substantially translated vertically by a lever 15c rotated by a motor 15d to increase or reduce the diameter of the aperture. Reference numeral 15f shows an opening formed by the plates of the light amount adjusting unit 15. The aperture blades 15a and 15b are guided vertically by guide pins 15e provided on the left and right. Unlike a so-called iris type or scissors type, the guillotine type aperture stop has the horizontal dimension substantially smaller than the vertical dimension since the aperture blades 15a and 15b are substantially translated vertically.
Reference numeral 18 shows a slider (contact member) which is formed of a magnet and a friction material bonded to each other and is fixed into a groove 12c formed in the second lens holding member 12 through adhesion or the like. Reference numeral 19 shows a vibrator which is formed of an electromechanical energy conversion element and a plate-shaped elastic member on which vibration is produced by the electromechanical energy conversion element. The elastic member of the vibrator 19 is made of ferromagnet which is attracted by the magnet of the slider 18 to bring a press contact surface 18a of the friction material of the slider 18 into press contact with press contact surfaces 19a and 19b formed at two positions in the optical axis direction in the elastic member of the vibrator 19.
In a first vibration type linear actuator formed of the slider 18 and the vibrator 19, two frequency signals (pulse signals or alternate signals) in difference phases are input to the electromechanical energy conversion element through a flexible wiring board 20 to create a substantially elliptic motion in the press contact surfaces 19a and 19b of the vibrator 19 to produce driving force in the optical axis direction in the press contact surface 18a of the slider 18.
Reference numeral 21 shows a spacer to which the vibrator 19 is fixed, and 22 a plate spring to which the spacer 21 is fixed. The plate spring 22 has a shape which is not easily deformed in the in-plane direction of the plate and is easily deformed in the direction perpendicular to the plate plane. The plate spring 22 is easily deformed in the rotation direction around an arbitrary axis included in the plane, and when deformed, it holds the press contact surfaces 19a and 19b of the vibrator 19 in parallel with the press contact surface 18a of the slider 18. The plate spring 22 not easily deformed in the in-plane direction limits displacement of the vibrator 19 in the optical axis direction (that is, the driving direction).
Reference numeral 23 shows a vibrator holding member which is fixed to the first lens holding member 6 by screws 26 and 27 and to which the plate spring 22 is fixed by screws 24 and 25. Reference numeral 28 shows a scale which detects the moving amount (position) of the second lens holding member 12 and is fixed into a groove 12d formed in the second lens holding member 12 through adhesion or the like. Reference numeral 29 shows a light transmitter/receiver element which applies light to the scale 28 and receives the light reflected by the scale 28 to detect the moving amount of the second lens holding member 12. The light transmitter/receiver element 29 and the scale 28 constitute a first linear encoder serving as a detector. Reference numeral 30 shows a flexible wiring board which sends and receives a signal to and from the light transmitter/receiver element 29 and is fixed to the first lens holding member 6 by a screw 31.
As shown in FIG. 1A, the guide bar 10, the first vibration type linear actuator formed of the vibrator 19 and the slider 18, and the first linear encoder formed of the light transmitter/receiver element 29 and the scale 28 are arranged along or close to a planar right side of the light amount adjusting unit 15 (linear long side on the right when viewed from the optical axis direction) that is one of the outer surfaces closest to the optical axis position of the light amount adjusting unit 15 of all of the outer surfaces thereof when viewed from the front of the optical axis direction. The first vibration type linear actuator and the first linear encoder are disposed vertically next to the guide bar 10 to sandwich the guide bar 10.
Reference numeral 33 shows a plate spring which is fixed to the fourth lens holding member 14. Reference numeral 34 shows a slider (contact member) which is formed of a magnet and a friction material bonded to each other and is fixed to the plate spring 33 through adhesion or the like. The plate spring 33 has a shape which is not easily deformed in the in-plane direction of the plate and is easily deformed in the direction perpendicular to the plate plane. The plate spring 33 is easily deformed in the rotation direction around an arbitrary axis included in the plane, and it holds a press contact surface 34a of the slider 34 in parallel with press contact surfaces 35a and 35b of a vibrator 35. The plate spring 33 not easily deformed in the in-plane direction limits displacement of the slider 34 in the optical axis direction (that is, the driving direction).
The vibrator 35 is formed of an electromechanical energy conversion element and a plate-shaped elastic member on which vibration is produced by the electromechanical energy conversion element. The elastic member of the vibrator 35 is made of ferromagnet which is attracted by the magnet of the slider 34 to bring the press contact surface 34a of the friction material of the slider 34 into press contact with the press contact surfaces 35a and 35b formed at two positions in the optical axis direction in the elastic member of the vibrator 35.
In a second vibration type linear actuator formed of the slider 34 and the vibrator 35, two frequency signals (pulse signals or alternate signals) in difference phases are input to the electromechanical energy conversion element through a flexible wiring board 36 to create a substantially elliptic motion in the press contact surfaces 35a and 35b of the vibrator 35b to produce driving force in the optical axis direction in the press contact surface 34a of the slider 34.
As shown in FIG. 2, the second lens holding member 12 (engaging portion 12a engaging with the guide bar 10) has a movable range L2 in the optical axis direction which extends from the object side (the left in FIG. 2) of the light amount adjusting unit 15 toward the image plane side when viewed from the direction perpendicular to the optical axis. The fourth lens holding member 14 (engaging portion 14a engaging with the guide bar 11) has a movable range L4 in the optical axis direction which extends from the image plane side of the light amount adjusting unit 15 into the light amount adjusting unit 15. In other words, the movable ranges of the second lens holding member 12 and the fourth lens holding member 14 overlap each other in the optical axis direction. Accordingly, the range in which the first vibration type linear actuator is placed (the range in which the slider 18 is provided) and the range in which the second vibration type linear actuator is placed (the range in which the slider 34 is provided) overlap each other in the optical axis direction.
Reference numeral 37 shows a spacer to which the vibrator 35 is fixed, and 38 a plate spring to which the spacer 37 is fixed. The plate spring 38 has a shape which is not easily deformed in the in-plane direction of the plate and is easily deformed in the direction perpendicular to the plate plane. The plate spring 38 is easily deformed in the rotation direction around an arbitrary axis included in the plane, and it holds the press contact surfaces 35a and 35b of the vibrator 35 in parallel with the press contact surface 34a of the slider 34. The plate spring 38 not easily deformed in the in-plane direction limits displacement of the vibrator 35 in the optical axis direction (that is, the driving direction).
Reference numeral 39 shows a vibrator holding member which is fixed to the rear barrel 5 by screws 42 and 43 and to which the plate spring 38 is fixed by screws 46 and 47.
Reference numeral 48 shows a scale which detects the moving amount (position) of the fourth lens holding member 14 and is fixed into a groove 14d formed in the fourth lens holding member 14 through adhesion or the like. Reference numeral 49 shows a light transmitter/receiver element which applies light to the scale 48 and receives the light reflected by the scale 48 to detect the moving amount of the fourth lens holding member 14. The light transmitter/receiver element 49 and the scale 48 constitute a second linear encoder serving as a detector. Reference numeral 50 shows a flexible wiring board which sends and receives a signal to and from the light transmitter/receiver element 49 and is fixed to the rear barrel 5 by a screw 51.
As shown in FIG. 1A, the guide bar 11, the second vibration type linear actuator formed of the vibrator 35 and the slider 34, and the second linear encoder formed of the light transmitter/receiver element 49 and the scale 48 are arranged along or close to a planar left side of the light amount adjusting unit 15 (linear long side on the left when viewed from the optical axis direction) that is the other outer surface closest to the optical axis position of the light amount adjusting unit 15 of all of the outer surfaces thereof when viewed from the front of the optical axis direction. The second vibration type linear actuator and the second linear encoder are disposed vertically next to the guide bar 11 to sandwich the guide bar 11.
The set of the first vibration type linear actuator, the guide bar 10, and the first linear encoder, and the set of the second vibration type linear actuator, the guide bar 11, and the second linear encoder are arranged substantially symmetrically with respect to an axis extending vertically through the center of the optical axis.
In FIG. 6, reference numeral 101 shows the image-pickup device formed of a CCD sensor, a CMOS sensor or the like. Reference numeral 102 shows the first vibration type linear actuator which includes the slider 18 and the vibrator 19, and serves as a driving source of the second lens unit 2 (second lens holding member 12). Reference numeral 103 shows the second vibration type linear actuator which includes the slier 34 and the vibrator 35, and serves as a driving source of the fourth lens unit 4 (fourth lens holding member 14).
Reference numeral 104 shows the motor which serves as a driving source of the light amount adjusting unit 15. Reference numeral 105 shows a second lens encoder realized by the first linear encoder which includes the scale 28 and the light transmitter/receiver element 29, 106 a fourth lens encoder realized by the second linear encoder which includes the scale 48 and the light transmitter/receiver element 49. These encoders detect the relative positions (moving amounts from a reference position) of the second lens unit 2 and the fourth lens unit 4 in the optical axis direction, respectively. While Embodiment 1 employs optical encoders as the encoders, it is possible to use a magnetic encoder or an encoder which detects an absolute position by using electrical resistance.
Reference numeral 107 shows an aperture encoder which is, for example, of the type in which a hall element is provided within the motor 104 as the driving source of the light amount adjusting unit 15 and is used to detect a rotational position relationship between a rotor and a stator of the motor 104.
Reference numeral 117 shows a CPU serving as a controller responsible for control of operation of the image-taking apparatus. Reference numeral 108 shows a camera signal processing circuit which performs amplification, gamma correction or the like on the output from the image-pickup device 101. After the predetermined processing, a contrast signal of a video signal is transmitted through an AE gate 109 and an AF gate 110. The gates 109 and 110 set an optimal range in the entire screen for extracting the signal for exposure setting and focusing. These gates 109 and 110 may have variable sizes, or a plurality of gates 109 and 110 may be provided.
Reference numeral 114 shows an AF (auto-focus) signal processing circuit for auto-focus which extracts a high-frequency component of the video signal to produce an AF evaluation value signal. Reference numeral 115 shows a zoom switch for zooming operation. Reference numeral 116 shows a zoom tracking memory which stores information about target positions to which the fourth lens unit 4 is to be driven in accordance with the camera-to-object distance and the position of the second lens unit 2 in order to maintain an in-focus state in varying magnification. Memory in the CPU 117 may be used as the zoom tracking memory.
In the abovementioned structure, when a user operates the zoom switch 115, the CPU 117 controls the first vibration type linear actuator 102 for driving the second lens unit 2 and calculates the target driving position of the fourth lens unit 4 based on the information in the first zoom tracking memory 116 and the current position of the second lens unit 2 determined from the detection result of the second lens unit encoder 105 to control the second vibration type linear actuator 103 for driving of the fourth lens unit 4 to that target driving position. Whether or not the fourth lens unit 4 has reached the target driving position is determined by the matching of the current position of the fourth lens unit 4 determined from the detection result of the fourth lens unit encoder 106 with the target driving position.
In the auto-focus, the CPU 117 controls the second vibration type linear actuator 103 to drive the fourth lens unit 4 to search for the position where the AF evaluation value determined by the AF signal processing circuit 114 is at the peak.
To provide appropriate exposure, the CPU 117 controls the motor 104 of the light amount adjusting unit 15 to increase or reduce the aperture diameter such that the average value of the luminance signal through the AE gate 109 is equal to a predetermined value, that is, such that the output from the aperture encoder 107 has a value corresponding to the predetermined value.
In the abovementioned structure, the slider 18 is formed by using the magnet which attracts the vibrator 19 to provide the press contact force necessary for producing the driving force as the vibration type linear actuator. Thus, any reaction force of the press contact force does not act on the second lens holding member 12. As a result, the frictional force produced at the engaging portions 12a and 12b of the second lens holding member 12 engaging with the guide bars 10 and 11 is not increased, and the driving load due to the friction is not increased. In addition, the plate spring 22 produces small force, so that the force acting from the plate spring 22 on the engaging portions 12a and 12b engaging with the guide bars 10 and 11 is small and hardly increases the frictional force produced at the engaging portions 12a and 12b. This enables the use of the low-power and small vibration type linear actuator, resulting in a reduction in size of the lens barrel.
Since large press contact force does not act on the second lens holding member 12, the frictional force produced at the engaging portions 12a and 12b of the second lens holding member 12 engaging with the guide bars 10 and 11 is not increased. The power or size of the first vibration type linear actuator 102 does not need to be increased, and the wear (abrasion) due to the friction between the guide bars 10, 11 and the engaging portions 12a, 12b can be reduced. Also, the fine driving of the second lens holding member 12 (second lens unit 2) can be accurately achieved.
Even when a manufacturing error or the like changes the position of any press contact surface with respect to an axis in parallel with the optical axis or the inclination around that axis in the optical axis direction, the plate spring 22 is deformed to change the position or inclination (orientation) of the vibrator 19 to maintain both of the press contact surfaces in parallel with each other, thereby holding an appropriate contact state between the surfaces. The plate spring 22 has a spring constant set such that it is deformed in response to a smaller force than the abovementioned press contact force. The press contact force is not changed greatly even when the position or inclination of any press contact surface is changed. Consequently, it is possible to provide stably an output consistent with the performance inherent in the first vibration type linear actuator 102.
On the other hand, the slider 34 is formed by using the magnet which attracts the vibrator 35 to provide the press contact force necessary for producing the driving force as the vibration type linear actuator. Thus, any reaction force of the press contact force does not act on the fourth lens holding member 14. As a result, the frictional force produced at the engaging portions 14a and 14b of the fourth lens holding member 14 engaging with the guide bars 11 and 10 is not increased, and the driving load due to the friction is not increased. In addition, the plate springs 33 and 38 produce small force, so that the force acting from the plate springs 33 and 38 on the engaging portions 14a and 14b engaging with the guide bars 11 and 10 is small and hardly increases the frictional force produced at the engaging portions 14a and 14b. This enables the use of the low-power and small vibration type linear actuator, resulting in a reduction in size of the lens barrel.
Since large press contact force does not act on the fourth lens holding member 14, the frictional force produced at the engaging portions 14a and 14b of the fourth lens holding member 14 engaging with the guide bars 11 and 10 is not increased. The power or size of the second vibration type linear actuator 103 does not need to be increased, and the wear due to the friction between the guide bars 10, 11 and the engaging portions 14a, 14b can be reduced. Also, the fine driving of the fourth lens holding member 14 (fourth lens unit 4) can be accurately achieved.
Even when a manufacturing error or the like changes the position of any press contact surface with respect to an axis in parallel with the optical axis or the inclination around that axis in the optical axis direction, the plate springs 33 and 38 are deformed to change the position or inclination (orientation) of the vibrator 34 to maintain both of the press contact surfaces in parallel with each other, thereby holding an appropriate contact state between the surfaces. Each of the plate springs 33 and 38 has a spring constant set such that it is deformed in response to a smaller force than the abovementioned press contact force. The press contact force is not changed greatly even when the position or inclination of any press contact surface is changed. Consequently, it is possible to provide stably an output consistent with the performance inherent in the second vibration type linear actuator 103.
As described above, in Embodiment 1, the guide bar 10, the first vibration type linear actuator, and the first linear encoder are arranged along (close to) the right side which is one of the flat surfaces of the light amount adjusting unit 15 closest to the optical axis when viewed from the optical axis direction. The first vibration type linear actuator and the first linear encoder are disposed next to the guide bar 10 below and above, respectively. In addition, the guide bar 11, the second vibration type linear actuator, and the second linear encoder are arranged along (close to) the left side which is one of the flat surfaces of the light amount adjusting unit 15 closest to the optical axis when viewed from the optical axis direction. The second vibration type linear actuator and the second linear encoder are disposed next to the guide bar 11 below and above, respectively.
Thus, although the optical apparatus has the light amount adjusting unit 15, the two vibration type linear actuators for driving the second and fourth lens holding members 12 and 14 (second and fourth lens units 2 and 4) disposed on the object side and the image plane side of the light amount adjusting unit 15, the two guide bars 10 and 11 for guiding the lens holding members 12 and 14 in the optical axis direction, and the two linear encoders for detecting the positions of the lens holding members 12 and 14, it can be formed in a compact size.
Since the sliders 18 and 34 are disposed next to the guide bars 10 and 11, respectively, the second and fourth lens holding members 12 and 14 can be driven smoothly. In addition, the scales 28 and 48 disposed next to the guide bars 10 and 11 reduce displacement of the scales 28 and 48 due to backlash of the engaging portions 12a, 12b and 14a, 14b of the second and forth lens holding members 12 and 14 engaging with the guide bars 10 and 11 to enable accurate detection of positions.
When the linear actuator and the linear encoder are disposed across the optical axis from the guide bar for guiding the lens holding member which is driven and whose position is detected by them, the linear encoder may be moved in the direction opposite to the driving direction with the guide bar as the supporting point at the start of the driving due to backlash at the engaging portion of the lens holding member engaging with the guide bar. This may reduce the accuracy of the position detection. In Embodiment 1, however, the linear actuator and the linear encoder are disposed on the same side as the guide bar for guiding the lens holding member which is driven and whose position is detected by them, so that such a problem does not arise and the position can be detected accurately.
Embodiment 2
FIG. 7 shows a section view of a lens barrel of an image-taking apparatus which is Embodiment 2 of the present invention taken along a plane in parallel with an optical axis and perpendicular to a press contact surface between a slider and a vibrator of a vibration type linear actuator. FIG. 8 shows a section view of the lens barrel in Embodiment 2 taken along a plane perpendicular to the optical axis and perpendicular to a press contact surface of a vibration type linear actuator for driving a second lens unit when viewed from an object side. FIG. 9 shows a section view of the lens barrel in Embodiment 2 taken along a plane perpendicular to the optical axis and perpendicular to a press contact surface of a vibration type linear actuator for driving a fourth lens unit when viewed from the object side. FIG. 10 is an exploded view showing the lens barrel in Embodiment 2. The image-taking apparatus of Embodiment 2 has the same electrical structure as that in Embodiment 1.
In FIGS. 7 to 10, in order from the object side, reference numeral 201 shows a fixed first lens unit, 202 the second lens unit which is movable in the optical axis direction for varying magnification, 215 a light amount adjusting unit, 203 a fixed third lens unit, and 204 the fourth lens unit which is movable in the optical axis direction for correcting image plane changes associated with varied magnification and for focal adjustment.
Reference numeral 205 shows a rear barrel which holds an image-pickup device and a low pass filter (LPF), and is fixed to a camera body, not shown. Reference numeral 206 shows a first lens holding member which holds the first lens unit 201 and is fixed to the rear barrel 205 by screws 207, 208, and 209.
Reference numerals 210 and 211 show guide bars (guide members) which are held substantially in parallel with the optical axis direction by the rear barrel 205 and the first lens holding member 206.
Reference numeral 212 shows a second lens holding member which holds the second lens unit 202 and to which a mask 232 for cutting unnecessary light is fixed. The second lens holding member 212 engages with the guide bar 210 at an engaging portion 212a to be guided in the optical axis direction and engages with the guide bar 211 at an engaging portion 212b to be prevented from rotation around the guide bar 210. Reference numeral 213 shows a third lens holding member which holds the third lens unit 203 and is fixed to the rear barrel 205 by a screw 216. Reference numeral 214 shows a fourth lens holding member which holds the fourth lens unit 204, and engages with the guide bar 211 at an engaging portion 214a to be guided in the optical axis direction and engages with the guide bar 210 at an engaging portion 214b to be prevented from rotation around the guide bar 211.
The light amount adjusting unit 215 has an outer shape which is longer in a vertical direction (first direction) than in a horizontal direction (second direction) when viewed from the optical axis direction. The light amount adjusting unit 215 is fixed to the rear barrel 205 by a screw 217. The light amount adjusting unit 215 has the same structure as that in Embodiment 1 shown in FIG. 5C.
Reference numeral 218 shows a slider which is formed of a friction material. Reference numeral 219 shows a vibrator which is formed of an electromechanical energy conversion element and a plate-shaped elastic member on which vibration is produced by the electromechanical energy conversion element. Reference numeral 220 shows a flexible wiring board which is connected to the vibrator 219 and transmits a signal to the electromechanical energy conversion element. The flexible wiring board 220 has a bend portion (deformation portion) 220a which is deformed as the second lens holding member 212 is moved in the optical axis direction.
In a first vibration type linear actuator formed of the slider 218 and the vibrator 219, while the slider 218 is in press contact with the vibrator 219, two frequency signals (pulse signals or alternate signals) in difference phases are input to the electromechanical energy conversion element through the flexible wiring board 220 to create a substantially elliptic motion in press contact surfaces 219a (formed at two positions in the optical axis direction as in Embodiment 1) of the vibrator 219 to produce driving force in the optical axis direction in a press contact surface 218a of the slider 218.
Reference numeral 221 shows a spacer which fixes the vibrator 219 and has a hole 221a formed in its center. A spherical projection 212e formed on the second lens holding member 212 is fitted into the hole 221a to hold the spacer 221 such that its movement is prevented (limited) in the optical axis direction (that is, the driving direction) and its rotation and movement in a direction other than the optical axis direction are permitted. The outer periphery of the spacer 221 is held with some backlash by projections 212c, 212d, and a projection, not shown, formed on the second lens holding member 212. This enables the spacer 221 to be moved such that the press contact surfaces 219a of the vibrator 219 is in parallel with the press contact surface 218a of the slider 218.
Reference numeral 222 shows a press contact bar which retains the surface of the slider 218 opposite to the press contact surface 218a, 224 a coil spring which is hung from a projection 221b of the spacer 221 to the press contact bar 222, and 225 a coil spring which is hung from a projection 221c of the spacer 221 to the press contact bar 222. The press contact bar 222 and the spacer 221 pull each other through the pull force of the coil springs 224 and 225. The slider 218 retained by the press contact bar 222 and the vibrator 219 fixed to the spacer 221 are held such that their press contact surfaces 218a and 219a are in press contact with each other.
Reference numeral 223 shows a slider holding member having a holding portion 223a to which the slider 218 is fixed through adhesion or the like. The slider 223 is fixed to the first lens holding member 206 by screws 226 and 227.
Reference numeral 228 shows a scale which detects the position of the second lens holding member 212 and is fixed into a groove 212f formed in the second lens holding member 212 through adhesion or the like. Reference numeral 229 shows a light transmitter/receiver element which applies light to the scale 228 and receives the light reflected by the scale 228 to detect the moving amount of the second lens holding member 212. The scale 228 and the light transmitter/receiver element 229 constitute a first linear encoder serving as a detector.
Reference numeral 230 shows a flexible wiring board which sends and receives a signal to and from the light transmitter/receiver element 229 and is fixed to the first lens holding member 206 by a screw 231.
As shown in FIG. 8, the guide bar 210, the first vibration type linear actuator formed of the vibrator 219 and the slider 218, and the first linear encoder formed of the light transmitter/receiver element 229 and the scale 228 are arranged along or close to a planar left side of the light amount adjusting unit 215 (linear long side on the left when viewed from the optical axis direction) that is one of the outer surfaces closest to the optical axis position of the light amount adjusting unit 215 of all of the outer surfaces thereof when viewed from the front of the optical axis direction. The first vibration type linear actuator and the first linear encoder are disposed vertically next to the guide bar 210 to sandwich the guide bar 210.
Reference numeral 233 shows a press contact bar, 240 and 241 coil springs whose ends are hung on the press contact bar 233. Reference numeral 234 shows a slider which is made of a friction material retained by the press contact bar 233 and is fixed to a groove 214e of the fourth lens holding member 214.
Reference numeral 235 shows a vibrator which is formed of an electromechanical energy conversion element and a plate-shaped elastic member on which vibration is produced by the electromechanical energy conversion element. Reference numeral 236 shows a flexible wiring board which is connected to the electromechanical energy conversion element of the vibrator 235. In a second vibration type linear actuator formed of the slider 234 and the vibrator 235, while the slider 234 is in press contact with the vibrator 235, two frequency signals (pulse signals or alternate signals) in difference phases are input to the electromechanical energy conversion element through the flexible wiring board 236 to create a substantially elliptic motion in press contact surfaces 235a (formed at two positions in the optical axis direction as in Embodiment 1) of the vibrator 235 to produce driving force in the optical axis direction in a press contact surface 234a of the slider 234.
As shown in FIG. 7, the range in which the first vibration type linear actuator is placed in the optical axis direction (the range in which the slider 218 is placed) and a movable range L2 of the second lens holding member 212 in the optical axis direction extend from the object side (the left in FIG. 7) of the light amount adjusting unit 215 toward the image plane side. On the other hand, the range in which the second vibration type linear actuator is placed in the optical axis direction (the range in which the slider 234 is placed) and a movable range L4 of the fourth lens holding member 214 in the optical axis direction extend from the image plane side of the light amount adjusting unit 215 toward the object side. In other words, the ranges in which the first and second vibration type linear actuators are placed (the movable ranges of the second and fourth lens holding members 212 and 214) overlap each other in the optical axis direction.
Reference numeral 237 shows a spacer which holds the vibrator 235 and has projections 237b and 237c on which the other ends of the coil springs 240 and 241 are hung. The coil springs 240 and 241 pull the press contact bar 233 and the spacer 237, the press contact bar 233 pushes the slider 234, and the spacer 237 pushes the vibrator 235, so that the press contact surface 234a of the slider 234 is in press contact with the press contact surfaces 235a of the vibrator 235.
Reference numeral 239 shows a vibrator holding member which holds the vibrator 235. The vibrator holding member 239 has shafts 239a and 239b which extend toward the object side and the image plane side and rotatably engage with bearings 205a and 205b of the rear barrel 205, respectively. A spherical projection 239c formed on the inner side of the vibrator holding member 239 is fitted into a conical hole 237a formed in the spacer 237. The vibrator holding member 239 is biased toward the object by a torsion coil spring 238 disposed on the shaft 239b and thus is held without backlash in the optical axis direction. The vibrator holding member 239 is urged toward the inward rotation direction around the shafts 239a and 239b by the torsion coil spring 238, which presses the spherical projection 239c into the hole 237a. The spacer 237 and the vibrator 235 held thereby are kept such that their movement is prevented (limited) in the optical axis direction (that is, the driving direction) and their rotation around the spherical projection 239c and their movement in the direction substantially perpendicular to the press contact surface 235a are permitted.
Reference numeral 248 shows a scale which detects the position of the fourth lens holding member 214 and is fixed into a groove 214d formed in the fourth lens holding member 214 through adhesion or the like. Reference numeral 249 shows a light transmitter/receiver element which applies light to the scale 248 and receives the light reflected by the scale 248 to detect the moving amount of the fourth lens holding member 214. The scale 248 and the light transmitter/receiver element 249 constitute a second linear encoder serving as a detector.
Reference numeral 250 shows a flexible wiring board which sends and receives a signal to and from the light transmitter/receiver element 249 and is fixed to the rear barrel 205 by a screw 251.
As shown in FIG. 9, the guide bar 211, the second vibration type linear actuator formed of the vibrator 235 and the slider 234, and the second linear encoder formed of the light transmitter/receiver element 249 and the scale 248 are arranged along or close to a planar right side of the light amount adjusting unit 215 (linear long side on the right when viewed from the optical axis direction) that is one of the outer surfaces closest to the optical axis position of the light amount adjusting unit 215 of all of the outer surfaces thereof when viewed from the front of the optical axis direction. The second vibration type linear actuator and the second linear encoder are disposed vertically next to the guide bar 211 to sandwich the guide bar 211.
The set of the first vibration type linear actuator, the guide bar 210, and the first linear encoder, and the set of the second vibration type linear actuator, the guide bar 211, and the second linear encoder are arranged substantially symmetrically with respect to an axis extending vertically through the center of the optical axis.
In the abovementioned structure, the coil springs 224 and 225 pull the press contact bar 222 and the spacer 221 to press the slider 218 against the vibrator 219 to provide the press contact force necessary for producing the driving force as the vibration type linear actuator. Thus, any reaction force of the press contact force does not act on the second lens holding member 212. As a result, the frictional force produced at the engaging portions 212a and 212b of the second lens holding member 212 engaging with the guide bars 210 and 211 is not increased and the driving load due to the friction is not increased.
The slider 218 is fixed to the slider holding member 223. On other hand, the spacer 221 engages with the spherical projection 212e of the second lens holding member 212 and transmits the force necessary for driving the second lens holding member 212 without backlash in the optical axis direction, but transmits only small force in the moving direction other than the driving direction and in the rotation direction. Thus, any press contact force does not act on the second lens holding member 212.
This enables the use of the low-power and small vibration type linear actuator, resulting in a reduction in size of the lens barrel.
In addition, the hole 221a of the spacer 221 for holding the vibrator 219 receives the spherical projection 212e of the second lens holding member 212 to hold the second lens holding member 212 to allow the rotation around the spherical projection 212e and the movement in the direction other than the optical axis direction. Even when a manufacturing error or the like changes the position or inclination of any press contact surface in the optical axis direction, the position or inclination (orientation) of the vibrator 219 is changed to maintain both of the press contact surfaces in parallel with each other, thereby holding an appropriate contact state between the surfaces. The press contact force is not changed greatly even when the position or inclination of the spacer 221 is changed. Consequently, it is possible to provide stably an output consistent with the performance inherent in the first vibration type linear actuator 102.
Since large press contact force does not act on the second lens holding member 212, the frictional force produced at the engaging portions 212a and 212b of the second lens holding member 212 engaging with the guide bars 210 and 211 is not increased. The power or size of the first vibration type linear actuator does not need to be increased, and the wear due to the friction between the guide bars 210, 211 and the engaging portions 212a, 212b can be reduced. Also, the fine driving of the second lens holding member 212 (second lens unit 202) can be accurately achieved.
On the other hand, the coil springs 240 and 241 pull the press contact bar 233 and the spacer 237 to press the slider 234 against the vibrator 235 to provide the press contact force necessary for producing the driving force as the vibration type linear actuator. Thus, any reaction force of the press contact force does not act on the fourth lens holding member 214. As a result, the frictional force produced at the engaging portions 214a and 214b of the fourth lens holding member 214 engaging with the guide bars 211 and 210 is not increased and the driving load due to the friction is not increased.
The slider 234 is fixed into the groove 214e of the fourth lens holding member 214. The conical hole 237a of the spacer 237 receives the spherical projection 239c of the vibrator holding member 239, so that only retaining force for supporting the spacer 237 without backlash acts on the spacer 237. Since the retaining force for supporting the spacer 237 without backlash is smaller than the abovementioned press contact force, the frictional force produced at the engaging portions 214a and 214b of the fourth lens holding member 214 engaging with the guide bars 211 and 210 is hardly increased, and the driving load due to the friction is hardly increased.
This enables the use of the low-power and small vibration type linear actuator, resulting in a reduction in size of the lens barrel.
As described above, the press contact surface 234a of the slider 234 is in press contact with the press contact surfaces 235a of the vibrator 235 by the pull force of the coil springs 240 and 241, and the spherical projection 239c of the vibrator holding member 239 is pressed into the conical hole 237a to engage without backlash by the biasing force of the coil spring 238. This enables the vibrator 235 to rotate around the spherical projection 239c. The vibrator holding member 239 is rotated around the shafts 239a and 239b to allow the vibrator 235 to be moved in the direction substantially perpendicular to the press contact surfaces 235a or inclined to rotate around the spherical projection 239c. 
Even when a manufacturing error or the like changes the position of any press contact surface with respect to an axis in parallel with the optical axis or the inclination around that axis in the optical axis direction, the position or inclination (orientation) of the vibrator 235 is changed to maintain both of the press contact surfaces in parallel with each other, thereby holding an appropriate contact state between the surfaces.
The coil spring 238 may produce only enough force to cause the spherical projection 239c of the vibrator holding member 239 to engage with the conical hole 237a of the spacer 237 without backlash, and the force may be smaller than the force for bringing the slider 234 into press contact with the vibrator 235 to produce the driving force. Thus, the press contact force is not substantially changed even when the position of the press contact surface is changed.
Consequently, it is possible to provide stably an output consistent with the performance inherent in the second vibration type linear actuator.
Since large press contact force does not act on the fourth lens holding member 214, the frictional force produced at the engaging portions 214a and 214b of the fourth lens holding member 214 engaging with the guide bars 211 and 210 is not increased. The power or size of the second vibration type linear actuator does not need to be increased, and the wear due to the friction between the guide bars 211, 210 and the engaging portions 214a, 214b can be reduced. Also, the fine driving of the fourth lens holding member 214 (second lens unit 204) can be accurately achieved.
When the lens holding member is moved by a large amount, the slider needs to have a great length. To allow the movement of that long slider in the optical axis direction, long space for the slider movement needs to be ensured in the optical axis direction.
In Embodiment 2, however, in the first vibration type linear actuator for driving the second lens holding member 212 which is moved by a larger amount as compared with the fourth lens holding member 214, the slider 218 having a greater length in the optical axis direction than that of the slider 234 of the second vibration type linear actuator is fixed, while the vibrator 219 is moved together with the second lens holding member 212 in the optical axis direction. Since the long slider 218 is not moved in the optical axis direction in this manner, only the short space maybe required for placing the first vibration type linear actuator in the optical axis direction, which enables a reduction in size of the lens barrel.
In Embodiment 2, in the second vibration type linear actuator for driving the fourth lens holding member 214 which is moved by a smaller amount as compared with the second lens holding member 212, the slider 234 is fixed to the fourth lens holding member 214 and is moved in the optical axis direction, while the vibrator 235 is fixed and is not moved in the optical axis direction. Thus, the flexible wiring board 250 does not need to have any deformation portion, so that the flexible wiring board 250 can be easily handled to enhance the flexibility in design. This also allows a reduction in size of the lens barrel.
As described above, in Embodiment 2, the guide bar 210, the first vibration type linear actuator, and the first linear encoder are arranged along (close to) the left side which is one of the flat surfaces of the light amount adjusting unit 215 closest to the optical axis when viewed from the optical axis direction. The first vibration type linear actuator and the first linear encoder are disposed next to the guide bar 210 above and below, respectively.
In addition, the guide bar 211, the second vibration type linear actuator, and the second linear encoder are arranged along (close to) the right side which is one of the flat surfaces of the light amount adjusting unit 215 closest to the optical axis when viewed from the optical axis direction. The second vibration type linear actuator and the second linear encoder are disposed next to the guide bar 211 above and below, respectively.
Thus, although the optical apparatus has the light amount adjusting unit 215, the two vibration type linear actuators for driving the second and fourth lens holding members 212 and 214 (second and fourth lens units 202 and 204) disposed on the object side and the image plane side of the light amount adjusting unit 215, the two guide bars 210 and 211 for guiding the lens holding members 212 and 214 in the optical axis direction, and the two linear encoders for detecting the positions of the lens holding members 212 and 214, it can be formed in a compact size.
Since the sliders 218 and 234 are disposed next to the guide bars 210 and 211, the second and fourth lens holding members 212 and 214 can be driven smoothly. In addition, the scales 228 and 248 disposed next to the guide bars 210 and 211 reduce displacement of the scales 228 and 248 due to backlash of the engaging portions 212a, 212b and 214a, 214b of the second and forth lens holding members 212 and 214 engaging with the guide bars 210 and 211 to enable accurate detection of positions.
When the linear actuator and the linear encoder are disposed across the optical axis from the guide bar for guiding the lens holding member which is driven and whose position is detected by them, the linear encoder may be moved in the direction opposite to the driving direction with the guide bar as the supporting point at the start of the driving due to backlash at the engaging portion of the lens holding member engaging with the guide bar. This may reduce the accuracy of the position detection. In Embodiment 2, however, the linear actuator and the linear encoder are disposed on the same side as the guide bar for guiding the lens holding member which is driven and whose position is detected by them, so that such a problem does not arise and the position can be detected accurately.
Embodiment 3
FIGS. 11 to 14 show the structure of a lens barrel of an image-taking apparatus which is Embodiment 3 of the present invention. FIG. 11 shows a section view of the lens barrel in Embodiment 3 taken along a plane in parallel with an optical axis and perpendicular to a press contact surface between a slider and vibrator of a vibration type linear actuator. FIG. 12 shows a section view of the lens barrel in Embodiment 3 taken along a plane perpendicular to the optical axis and perpendicular to a press contact surface of a vibration type linear actuator for driving a second lens unit when viewed from an object side. FIG. 13 shows a section view of the lens barrel in Embodiment 3 taken along a plane perpendicular to the optical axis and perpendicular to a press contact surface of a vibration type linear actuator for driving a fourth lens unit when viewed from the object side. FIG. 14 is an exploded view showing the lens barrel in Embodiment 3. The image-taking apparatus of Embodiment 3 has the same electrical structure as that in Embodiment 1.
In FIGS. 11 to 14, in order from the object side, reference numeral 301 shows a fixed first lens unit, 302 the second lens unit which is movable in the optical axis direction for varying magnification, 315 a light amount adjusting unit, 303 a fixed third lens unit, and 304 the fourth lens unit which is movable in the optical axis direction for correcting image plane changes associated with varied magnification and for focal adjustment.
Reference numeral 305 shows a rear barrel which holds an image-pickup device, later described, and a low pass filter (LPF), and is fixed to a camera body, not shown. Reference numeral 306 shows a first lens holding member which holds the first lens unit 301 and is fixed to the rear barrel 305 by screws 307, 308, and 309.
Reference numerals 310 and 311 show guide bars (guide members) which are held substantially in parallel with the optical axis direction by the rear barrel 305 and the first lens holding member 306.
Reference numeral 312 shows a second lens holding member which holds the second lens unit 302 and to which a mask 332 for cutting unnecessary light is fixed. The second lens holding member 312 engages with the guide bar 310 at an engaging portion 312a to be guided in the optical axis direction and engages with the guide bar 311 at an engaging portion 312b to be prevented from rotation around the guide bar 310. Reference numeral 313 shows a third lens holding member which holds the third lens unit 303 and is fixed to the rear barrel 305 by a screw 316. Reference numeral 314 shows a fourth lens holding member which holds the fourth lens unit 304, and engages with the guide bar 311 at an engaging portion 314a to be guided in the optical axis direction and engages with the guide bar 310 at an engaging portion 314b to be prevented from rotation around the guide bar 311.
The light amount adjusting unit 315 has an outer shape which is longer in a vertical direction (first direction) than in a horizontal direction (second direction) when viewed from the optical axis direction. The light amount adjusting unit 315 is fixed to the rear barrel 305 by a screw 317. The light amount adjusting unit 215 has the same structure as that in Embodiment 1 shown in FIG. 5C.
Reference numeral 318 shows a slider which is formed of a magnet and a friction material bonded to each other. Reference numeral 319 shows a vibrator which is formed of an electromechanical energy conversion element and a plate-shaped elastic member on which vibration is produced by the electromechanical energy conversion element. The elastic member of the vibrator 319 is made of ferromagnet which is attracted by the magnet of the slider 318 to bring an press contact surface 318a of the friction material of the slider 318 into press contact with press contact surfaces 319a (formed at two positions in the optical axis direction as in Embodiment 1) of the elastic member of the vibrator 319.
Reference numeral 320 shows a flexible wiring board which is connected to the vibrator 319 and transmits a signal to the electromechanical energy conversion element. The flexible wiring board 320 has a bend portion (deformation portion) 320a which is deformed as the second lens holding member 312 is moved in the optical axis direction.
In a first vibration type linear actuator formed of the slider 318 and the vibrator 319, while the slier 318 is in press contact with the vibrator 319, two frequency signals (pulse signals or alternate signals) in difference phases are input to the electromechanical energy conversion element through the flexible wiring board 320 to create a substantially elliptic motion in the press contact surfaces 319a of the vibrator 319 to produce driving force in the optical axis direction in the press contact surface 318a of the slider 318.
Reference numeral 321 shows a spacer which fixes the vibrator 319, 322 a plate spring which fixes the spacer 321. The plate spring 322 has a shape which is not easily deformed in the in-plane direction, is easily deformed in the direction perpendicular to the plane, and is easily deformed in the rotation direction around an arbitrary axis included in the plane. The plate spring 322 not easily deformed in the in-plane direction limits displacement of the vibrator 319 in the optical axis direction (that is, the driving direction).
Reference numerals 324 and 325 show screws which secure the plate spring 322 to the second lens holding member 312. Reference numeral 323 shows a vibrator frame to which the slider 318 is fixed through adhesion or the like. The vibrator frame 323 is fixed to the first lens holding member 306 by screws 326 and 327.
Reference numeral 328 shows a scale which detects the position of the second lens holding member 312 and is fixed into a square hole 312d of the second lens holding member 312 through adhesion or the like.
Reference numeral 329 shows a light transmitter/receiver element which applies light to the scale 328 and receives the light reflected by the scale 28 to detect the moving amount of the second lens holding member 312. The scale 328 and the light transmitter/receiver element 329 constitute a first linear encoder serving as a detector.
Reference numeral 330 shows a flexible wiring board which sends and receives a signal to and from the light transmitter/receiver element 329 and is fixed to the first lens holding member 306 by a screw 331.
As shown in FIG. 12, the guide bar 310, the first vibration type linear actuator formed of the vibrator 319 and the slider 318, and the first linear encoder formed of the light transmitter/receiver element 329 and the scale 328 are arranged along or close to a planar left side of the light amount adjusting unit 315 (linear long side on the left when viewed from the optical axis direction) that is one of the outer surfaces closest to the optical axis position of the light amount adjusting unit 315 of all of the outer surfaces thereof when viewed from the front of the optical axis direction. The first vibration type linear actuator and the first linear encoder are disposed vertically next to the guide bar 310 to sandwich the guide bar 310.
Reference numeral 334 shows a slider which is formed of a magnet and a friction material bonded to each other and is fixed to a square frame 314c of the fourth lens holding member 314 through adhesion or the like. Reference numeral 335 shows a vibrator which is formed of an electromechanical energy conversion element and a plate-shaped elastic member on which vibration is produced by the electromechanical energy conversion element. The elastic member of the vibrator 335 is made of ferromagnet which is attracted by the magnet of the slider 334 to bring an press contact surface 334a of the friction material of the slider 334 into press contact with press contact surfaces 335a (formed at two positions in the optical axis direction as in Embodiment 1) of the elastic member of the vibrator 335.
Reference numeral 336 shows a flexible wiring board which is connected to the electromechanical conversion element of the vibrator 335. In a second vibration type linear actuator formed of the slider 334 and the vibrator 335, while the slider 334 is in press contact with the vibrator 335, two frequency signals (pulse signals or alternate signals) in difference phases are input to the electromechanical energy conversion element through the flexible wiring board 336 to create a substantially elliptic motion in the press contact surfaces 335a of the vibrator 335 to produce driving force in the optical axis direction in the press contact surface 334a of the slider 334.
As shown in FIG. 11, the range in which the first vibration type linear actuator is placed in the optical axis direction (the range in which the slider 318 is placed) and a movable range L2 of the second lens holding member 312 in the optical axis direction extend from the object side (the left in FIG. 11) of the light amount adjusting unit 315 toward the image plane side when viewed from the direction orthogonal to the optical axis direction. The range in which the second vibration type linear actuator is placed in the optical axis direction (the range in which the slider 334 is placed) and a movable range L4 of the fourth lens holding member 314 in the optical axis direction extend from the image plane side of the light amount adjusting unit 315 toward the object side. In other words, the ranges in which the first and second linear actuators are placed (the movable ranges of the second and fourth lens holding members 312 and 314) overlap each other in the optical axis direction.
Reference numeral 337 shows a spacer for holding the vibrator 335, 338 a plate spring for holding the spacer 337. The plate spring 338 has a shape which is not easily deformed in the in-plane direction, is easily deformed in the direction perpendicular to the plane, and is easily deformed in the rotation direction around an arbitrary axis included in the plane. The plate spring 338 not easily deformed in the in-plane direction limits displacement of the vibrator 335 in the optical axis direction (that is, the driving direction).
Reference numeral 339 shows a vibrator holding member which holds the plate spring 338 and to which the plate spring 338 is attached 6 by screws 346 and 347. The vibrator holding member 339 is fixed to the rear barrel 305 by screws 342 and 343.
Reference numeral 348 shows a scale which detects the position of the fourth lens holding member 314 and is fixed into a square hole 314d in the fourth lens holding member 314 through adhesion or the like. Reference numeral 349 shows a light transmitter/receiver element which applies light to the scale 348 and receives the light reflected by the scale 348 to detect the moving amount of the fourth lens holding member 314. Reference numeral 350 shows a flexible wiring board which sends and receives a signal to and from the light transmitter/receiver element 349 and is fixed to the rear barrel 305 by a screw 351.
As shown in FIG. 13, the guide bar 311, the second vibration type linear actuator formed of the vibrator 335 and the slider 334, and the second linear encoder formed of the light transmitter/receiver element 349 and the scale 348 are arranged along or close to a planar right side of the light amount adjusting unit 315 (linear long side on the right when viewed from the optical axis direction) that is one of the outer surfaces closest to the optical axis position of the light amount adjusting unit 315 of all of the outer surfaces thereof when viewed from the front of the optical axis direction. The second vibration type linear actuator and the second linear encoder are disposed vertically next to the guide bar 311 to sandwich the guide bar 311.
In addition, the set of the first vibration type linear actuator, the guide bar 310, and the first linear encoder, and the set of the second vibration type linear actuator, the guide bar 311, and the second linear encoder are arranged substantially symmetrically with respect to an axis extending vertically through the center of the optical axis.
In the abovementioned structure, the slider 318 is formed by using the magnet which attracts the vibrator 319 to provide the press contact force necessary for producing the driving force as the vibration type linear actuator. Thus, any reaction force of the press contact force does not act on the second lens holding member 312. As a result, the frictional force produced at the engaging portions 312a and 312b of the second lens holding member 312 engaging with the guide bars 310 and 311 is not increased and the driving load due to the friction is not increased. In addition, the plate spring 322 produces small force, so that the force acting from the plate spring 322 on the engaging portions 312a and 312b engaging with the guide bars 310 and 311 is small and hardly increases the frictional force produced at the engaging portions 312a and 312b. This enables the use of the low-power and small vibration type linear actuator, resulting in a reduction in size of the lens barrel.
Since large press contact force does not act on the second lens holding member 312, the frictional force produced at the engaging portions 312a and 312b of the second lens holding member 312 engaging with the guide bars 310 and 311 is not increased. The power or size of the first vibration type linear actuator does not need to be increased, and the wear due to the friction between the guide bars 310, 311 and the engaging portions 312a, 312b can be reduced. Also, the fine driving of the second lens holding member 312 (second lens unit 302) can be accurately achieved.
Even when a manufacturing error or the like changes the position of any press contact surface with respect to an axis in parallel with the optical axis or the inclination around that axis in the optical axis direction, the plate spring 322 is deformed to change the position or inclination (orientation) of the vibrator 319 to maintain both of the press contact surfaces in parallel with each other, thereby holding an appropriate contact state between the surfaces. The plate spring 322 has a spring constant set such that it is deformed in response to a smaller force than the abovementioned press contact force. The press contact force is not changed greatly even when the position or inclination of any press contact surface is changed. Consequently, it is possible to provide stably an output consistent with the performance inherent in the first vibration type linear actuator.
On the other hand, the slider 334 is formed by using the magnet which attracts the vibrator 335 to provide the press contact force necessary for producing the driving force as the vibration type linear actuator. Thus, any reaction force of the press contact force does not act on the fourth lens holding member 314. As a result, the frictional force produced at the engaging portions 314a and 314b of the fourth lens holding member 314 engaging with the guide bars 311 and 310 is not increased and the driving load due to the friction is not increased. In addition, the plate springs 338 produce small force, so that the force acting from the plate springs 338 on the engaging portions 314a and 314b engaging with the guide bars 311 and 310 is small and hardly increases the frictional force produced at the engaging portions 314a and 314b. This enables the use of the low-power and small vibration type linear actuator, resulting in a reduction in size of the lens barrel.
Since large press contact force does not act on the fourth lens holding member 314, the frictional force produced at the engaging portions 314a and 314b of the fourth lens holding member 314 engaging with the guide bars 311 and 310 is not increased. The power or size of the second vibration type linear actuator does not need to be increased, and the wear due to the friction between the guide bars 311, 310 and the engaging portions 314a, 314b can be reduced. Also, the fine driving of the fourth lens holding member 314 (fourth lens unit 304) can be accurately achieved.
Even when a manufacturing error or the like changes the position of any press contact surface with respect to an axis in parallel with the optical axis or the inclination around that axis in the optical axis direction, the plate spring 338 is deformed to change the position or inclination (orientation) of the vibrator 335 to maintain both of the press contact surfaces in parallel with each other, thereby holding an appropriate contact state between the surfaces. The plate spring 338 has a spring constant set such that it is deformed in response to a smaller force than the abovementioned press contact force. The press contact force is not changed greatly even when the position or inclination of any press contact surface is changed. Consequently, it is possible to provide stably an output consistent with the performance inherent in the second vibration type linear actuator.
When the lens holding member is moved by a large amount, the slider needs to have a great length. To allow the movement of that long slider in the optical axis direction, long space for the slider movement needs to be ensured in the optical axis direction. In Embodiment 3, however, in the first vibration type linear actuator for driving the second lens holding member 312 which is moved by a larger amount as compared with the fourth lens holding member 314, the slider 318 having a greater length in the optical axis direction than that of the slider 334 of the second vibration type linear actuator is fixed, while the vibrator 319 is moved together with the second lens holding member 312 in the optical axis direction. Since the long slider 318 is not moved in the optical axis direction in this manner, only the short space may be required for placing the first vibration type linear actuator in the optical axis direction, which enables a reduction in size of the lens barrel.
In Embodiment 3, in the second vibration type actuator for driving the fourth lens holding member 314 which is moved by a smaller amount as compared with the second lens holding member 312, the slider 334 is fixed to the fourth lens holding member 314 and is moved in the optical axis direction, while the vibrator 335 is fixed and is not moved in the optical axis direction. Thus, the flexible wiring board 350 does not need to have any deformation portion, so that the flexible wiring board 350 can be easily handled to enhance the flexibility in design. This allows a reduction in size of the lens barrel.
As described above, in Embodiment 3, the guide bar 310, the first vibration type linear actuator, and the first linear encoder are arranged along (close to) the left side which is one of the flat surfaces of the light amount adjusting unit 315 closest to the optical axis when viewed from the optical axis direction. The first vibration type linear actuator and the first linear encoder are disposed next to the guide bar 310 above and below, respectively.
In addition, the guide bar 311, the second vibration type linear actuator, and the second linear encoder are arranged along (close to) the right side which is one of the flat surfaces of the light amount adjusting unit 315 closest to the optical axis when viewed from the optical axis direction. The second vibration type linear actuator and the second linear encoder are disposed next to the guide bar 311 above and below, respectively.
Thus, although the optical apparatus has the light amount adjusting unit 315, the two vibration type linear actuators for driving the second and fourth lens holding members 312 and 314 (second and fourth lens units 302 and 304) disposed on the object side and the image plane side of the light amount adjusting unit 315, the two guide bars 310 and 311 for guiding the lens holding members 312 and 314 in the optical axis direction, and the two linear encoders for detecting the positions of the lens holding members 312 and 314, it can be formed in a compact size.
Since the sliders 318 and 334 are disposed next to the guide bars 310 and 311, the second and fourth lens holding members 312 and 314 can be driven smoothly. In addition, the scales 328 and 348 disposed next to the guide bars 310 and 311 reduce displacement of the scales 328 and 348 due to backlash of the engaging portions 312a, 312b and 314a, and 314b of the second and forth lens holding members 312 and 314 engaging with the guide bars 310 and 311 to enable accurate detection of positions.
When the linear actuator and the linear encoder are disposed across the optical axis from the guide bar for guiding the lens holding member which is driven and whose position is detected by them, the linear encoder may be moved in the direction opposite to the driving direction with the guide bar as the supporting point at the start of the driving due to backlash at the engaging portion of the lens holding member engaging with the guide bar. This may reduce the accuracy of the position detection. In Embodiment 3, however, the linear actuator and the linear encoder are disposed on the same side as the guide bar for guiding the lens holding member which is driven and whose position is detected by them, so that such a problem does not arise and the position can be detected accurately.
Embodiment 4
FIGS. 15A to 19 show the structure of a lens barrel of an image-taking apparatus which is Embodiment 4 of the present invention. FIGS. 15A to 15D show the lens barrel in Embodiment 4, with its exterior removed, when viewed from four directions, the right, back, left, and front, respectively. FIG. 16 shows a section view of the lens barrel in Embodiment 4 taken along a plane in parallel with an optical axis and perpendicular to a press contact surface between a slider and a vibrator of a vibration type linear actuator. FIG. 17 shows a section view of the lens barrel in Embodiment 4 taken along a plane perpendicular to the optical axis and perpendicular to a press contact surface of a vibration type linear actuator for driving a second lens unit when viewed from an object side. FIG. 18 shows a section view of the lens barrel in Embodiment 4 taken along a plane perpendicular to the optical axis and perpendicular to a press contact surface of a vibration type linear actuator for driving a fourth lens unit when viewed from the object side. FIG. 19 is an exploded view showing the lens barrel in Embodiment 4. FIG. 20 shows an electrical structure of the image-taking apparatus of Embodiment 4.
In FIGS. 15A to 20, in order from the object side, reference numerals 401 shows a fixed first lens unit, 402 the second lens unit which is movable in the optical axis direction for varying magnification, 415 a light amount adjusting unit, 403 a fixed third lens unit, and 404 the fourth lens unit which is movable in the optical axis direction for correcting image plane changes associated with varied magnification and for focal adjustment.
Reference numeral 405 shows a rear barrel which holds an image-pickup device, later described, and a low pass filter (LPF), and is fixed to a camera body, not shown. Reference numeral 406 shows a first lens holding member which holds the first lens unit 401 and is fixed to the rear barrel 405 by screws 407, 408, and 409.
Reference numerals 410 and 411 show guide bars (guide members) which are held substantially in parallel with the optical axis direction by the rear barrel 405 and the first lens holding member 406.
Reference numeral 412 shows a second lens holding member which holds the second lens unit 402 and to which a mask 432 for cutting unnecessary light is fixed. The second lens holding member 412 engages with the guide bar 410 at an engaging portion 412a to be guided in the optical axis direction and engages with the guide bar 411 at an engaging portion 412b to be prevented from rotation around the guide bar 410. Reference numeral 413 shows a third lens holding member which holds the third lens unit 403 and is fixed to the rear barrel 405 by a screw 416. Reference numeral 414 shows a fourth lens holding member which holds the fourth lens unit 404, and engages with the guide bar 411 at an engaging portion 414a to be guided in the optical axis direction and engages with the guide bar 410 at an engaging portion 414b to be prevented from rotation around the guide bar 411.
The light amount adjusting unit 415 has an outer shape which is longer in a vertical direction (first direction) than in a horizontal direction (second direction) when viewed from the optical axis direction. The light amount adjusting unit 415 is fixed to the rear barrel 405 by a screw 417. The light amount adjusting unit 415 has the same structure as that shown in FIG. 5C.
Reference numeral 418 shows a slider which is formed of a magnet and a friction material bonded to each other and is fixed into a square hole 412c in the second lens holding member 412 through adhesion or the like.
Reference numeral 419 shows a vibrator which is formed of an electromechanical energy conversion element and a plate-shaped elastic member on which vibration is produced by the electromechanical energy conversion element. The elastic member of the vibrator 419 is made of ferromagnet which is attracted by the magnet of the slider 418 to bring an press contact surface 418a of the friction material of the slider 418 into press contact with press contact surfaces 419a and 419b formed at two positions in the optical axis direction in the elastic member of the vibrator 419.
Reference numeral 420 shows a flexible wiring board which is connected to the vibrator 419 and transmits a signal to the electromechanical energy conversion element.
In a first linear actuator (vibration type linear actuator) formed of the slider 418 and the vibrator 419, while the slider 418 is in press contact with the vibrator 419, two frequency signals (pulse signals or alternate signals) in difference phases are input to the electromechanical energy conversion element through the flexible wiring board 420 to create a substantially elliptic motion in the press contact surfaces 419a and 419b of the vibrator 419 to produce driving force in the optical axis direction in the press contact surface 418a of the slider 418.
Reference numeral 421 shows a spacer to which the vibrator 419 is fixed, and 422 a plate spring to which the spacer 421 is fixed. The plate spring 422 has a shape which is not easily deformed in the in-plane direction, is easily deformed in the direction perpendicular to the plane, and is easily deformed in the rotation direction around an arbitrary axis included in the plane. The plate spring 422 not easily deformed in the in-plane direction limits displacement of the vibrator 419 in the optical axis direction (that is, the driving direction).
Reference numeral 423 shows a vibrator frame to which the plate spring 422 is fixed by screws 424 and 425. The vibrator frame 423 is fixed to the first lens holding member 406 by screws 426 and 427.
Reference numeral 428 shows a scale which detects the position of the second lens holding member 412 and is fixed into a square hole 412d in the second lens holding member 412 through adhesion or the like.
Reference numeral 429 shows a light transmitter/receiver element which applies light to the scale 428 and receives the light reflected by the scale 428 to detect the moving amount of the second lens holding member 412. The scale 428 and the light transmitter/receiver element 429 constitute a first linear encoder serving as a detector.
Reference numeral 430 shows a flexible wiring board which sends and receives a signal to and from the light transmitter/receiver element 429 and is fixed to the first lens holding member 406 by a screw 431.
As shown in FIG. 17, the guide bar 410, the first linear actuator formed of the vibrator 419 and the slider 418, and the first linear encoder formed of the light transmitter/receiver element 429 and the scale 428 are arranged along or close to a planar left side of the light amount adjusting unit 415 (linear long side on the left when viewed from the optical axis direction) that is one of the outer surfaces closest to the optical axis position of the light amount adjusting unit 415 of all of the outer surfaces thereof when viewed from the front of the optical axis direction. In Embodiment 4, the guide bar 410, the first linear encoder, and the first linear actuator are disposed in order from the bottom and next to each other.
Reference numeral 433 shows a coil which is fixed to the fourth lens holding member 414. Reference numeral 434 shows a flexible wiring board for transmitting a signal to the coil 433. The flexible wiring board 434 is deformed as the fourth lens holding member 414 is moved in the optical axis direction.
Reference numerals 435 and 436 show a magnet and a yoke, respectively. The coil 433, the magnet 435, and the yoke 436 constitute a magnetic circuit, in which the coil 433 is energized to form a second linear actuator (voice coil motor) which is an electromagnetic type linear actuator which produces driving force in the optical axis direction. Reference numeral 439 shows a yoke holding member which holds the yoke 436 and is fixed to the rear barrel 405 by screws 442 and 443.
As shown in FIG. 16, the range in which the first linear actuator is placed in the optical axis direction (the range in which the slider 418 is placed) and a movable range L2 of the second lens holding member 412 in the optical axis direction extend from the object side (the left in FIG. 16) of the light amount adjusting unit 415 toward the image plane side. The range in which the second linear actuator is placed in the optical axis direction (the range in which the magnet 435 is placed) and a movable range L4 of the fourth lens holding member 414 in the optical axis direction extend from the image plane side of the light amount adjusting unit 415 toward the object side. In other words, the ranges in which the first and second linear actuators are placed (the movable ranges of the second and fourth lens holding members 412 and 414) overlap each other in the optical axis direction.
Reference numeral 448 shows a scale which detects the position of the fourth lens holding member 414 and is fixed into a square hole 414d in the fourth lens holding member 414 through adhesion or the like. Reference numeral 449 shows a light transmitter/receiver element which applies light to the scale 448 and receives the light reflected by the scale 448 to detect the moving amount of the fourth lens holding member 414. Reference numeral 450 shows a flexible wiring board which is used to send and receive a signal to and from the light transmitter/receiver element 449 and is fixed to the rear barrel 405 by a screw 451.
As shown in FIG. 18, the guide bar 411, the second linear actuator formed of the coil 433, the magnet 435, and the yoke 436, and the second linear encoder formed of the light transmitter/receiver element 449 and the scale 448 are arranged along or close to a planar right side of the light amount adjusting unit 415 (linear long side on the right when viewed from the optical axis direction) that is one of the outer surfaces closest to the optical axis position of the light amount adjusting unit 415 of all of the outer surfaces thereof when viewed from the front of the optical axis direction. In Embodiment 4, the guide bar 411, the second linear actuator, and the second linear encoder are disposed in order from the top and next to each other.
The set of the guide bar 410, the first linear actuator, and the first linear encoder, and the set of the guide bar 411, the second linear actuator, and the second encoder are arranged substantially point-symmetrically with respect to the optical axis. To be point-symmetric in a strict sense, for example, the guide bar 411, the second linear encoder, and the second linear actuator should be disposed in this order from the top on the side of the guide bar 411, but the arrangement of Embodiment 4 may be considered to be substantially point-symmetric if the guide bars, the linear actuators, and the linear encoders are seen individually. The guide bar 411 and the second linear actuator disposed next to each other as in Embodiment 4 can drive the fourth lens holding member 414 more smoothly as compared with the case where the guide bar 411 and the second linear actuator are disposed apart, as later described. However, a strictly point-symmetric arrangement may be used.
In FIG. 20, reference numeral 471 shows the image-pickup device formed of a CCD sensor, a CMOS sensor or the like. Reference numeral 472 shows the vibration type linear actuator which includes the slider 418 and the vibrator 419, and serves as a driving source of the second lens unit 402 (second lens holding member 412). Reference numeral 473 shows the electromagnetic type linear actuator which is formed of the coil 433, the magnet 435, and the yoke 436, and serves as a driving source of the fourth lens unit 404 (fourth lens holding member 414).
Reference numeral 474 shows a motor which serves as a driving source of the light amount adjusting unit 415. Reference numeral 475 shows a second lens encoder realized by the first linear encoder which includes the scale 428 and the light transmitter/receiver element 429, 476 a fourth lens encoder realized by the second linear encoder which includes the scale 448 and the light transmitter/receiver element 449. These encoders detect the relative positions (moving amounts from a reference position) of the second lens unit 402 and the fourth lens unit 404 in the optical axis direction, respectively. While Embodiment 4 employs optical encoders as the encoders, it is possible to use a magnetic encoder or an encoder which detects an absolute position by using electrical resistance.
Reference numeral 477 shows an aperture encoder which is, for example, of the type in which a hall element is provided within the motor 474 as the driving source of the light amount adjusting unit 415 and is used to detect a rotational position relationship between a rotor and a stator of the meter 474.
Reference numeral 487 shows a CPU serving as a controller responsible for control of operation of the image-taking apparatus. Reference numeral 478 shows a camera signal processing circuit which performs amplification, gamma correction or the like on the output from the image-pickup device 471. After the predetermined processing, a contrast signal of a video signal is transmitted through an AE gate 479 and an AF gate 480. The gates 479 and 480 set an optimal range in the entire screen for extracting the signal for exposure setting and focusing. These gates 479 and 480 may have variable sizes, or a plurality of gates 479 and 480 may be provided.
Reference numeral 484 shows an AF (auto-focus) signal processing circuit for auto-focus which extracts a high-frequency component of the video signal to produce an AF evaluation value signal. Reference numeral 485 shows a zoom switch for zooming operation. Reference numeral 486 shows a zoom tracking memory which stores information about target positions to which the fourth lens unit 404 is to be driven in accordance with the camera-to-object distance and the position of the second lens unit 402 in order to maintain an in-focus state in varying magnification. Memory in the CPU 487 maybe used as the zoom tracking memory.
In the abovementioned structure, when a user operates the zoom switch 485, the CPU 487 controls the vibration type linear actuator 472 for driving the second lens unit 402 and calculates the target driving position of the fourth lens unit 404 based on the information in the zoom tracking memory 486 and the current position of the second lens unit 402 determined from the detection result of the second lens unit encoder 475 to control the electromagnetic type linear actuator 473 for driving of the fourth lens unit 404 to that target driving position. Whether or not the fourth lens unit 404 has reached the target driving position is determined by the matching of the current position of the fourth lens unit 404 provided from the detection result of the fourth lens unit encoder 476 with the target driving position.
In the auto-focus, the CPU 487 controls the electromagnetic type linear actuator 473 to drive the fourth lens unit 404 to search for the position where the AF evaluation value determined by the AF signal processing circuit 484 is at the peak.
To provide appropriate exposure, the CPU 487 controls the motor 474 of the light amount adjusting unit 415 to increase or reduce the aperture diameter such that the average value of the luminance signal through the AE gate 479 is equal to a predetermined value, that is, such that the output from the aperture encoder 477 has a value corresponding to the predetermined value.
In the abovementioned structure, the slider 418 is formed by using the magnet which attracts the vibrator 419 to provide the press contact force necessary for producing the driving force as the vibration type linear actuator. Thus, any reaction force of the press contact force does not act on the second lens holding member 412. As a result, the frictional force produced at the engaging portions 412a and 412b of the second lens holding member 412 engaging with the guide bars 410 and 411 is not increased and the driving load due to the friction is not increased. In addition, the plate spring 422 produces small force, so that the force acting from the plate spring 422 on the engaging portions 412a and 412b engaging with the guide bars 410 and 411 is small and hardly increases the frictional force produced at the engaging portions 412a and 412b. This enables the use of the low-power and small vibration type linear actuator, resulting in a reduction in size of the lens barrel.
Since large press contact force does not act on the second lens holding member 412, the frictional force produced at the engaging portions 412a and 412b of the second lens holding member 412 engaging with the guide bars 410 and 411 is not increased. The power or size of the first linear actuator does not need to be increased, and the wear due to the friction between the guide bars 410, 411 and the engaging portions 412a, 412b can be reduced. Also, the fine driving of the second lens holding member 412 (second lens unit 402) can be accurately achieved.
Even when a manufacturing error or the like changes the position of any press contact surface with respect to an axis in parallel with the optical axis or the inclination around that axis in the optical axis direction, the plate spring 422 is deformed to change the position or inclination (orientation) of the vibrator 419 to maintain both of the press contact surfaces in parallel with each other, thereby holding an appropriate contact state between the surfaces. The plate spring 422 has a spring constant set such that it is deformed in response to a smaller force than the abovementioned press contact force. The press contact force is not changed greatly even when the position or inclination of any press contact surface is changed. Consequently, it is possible to provide stably an output consistent with the performance inherent in the first linear actuator.
The vibration type linear actuator is not displaced even when it is not powered since the vibrator is always in press contact with the slider. Particularly, the second lens unit 402 is moved only in varying magnification and often stationary, so that the use of the vibration type linear actuator for driving the second lens unit can save power as compared with the linear actuator using electromagnetic force.
On the other hand, in the linear actuator using electromagnetic force, no contact portion is provided and thus no portion is worn. Since force is produced only in the driving direction and any lateral pressure does not act on the driven member (fourth lens holding member 414), any lateral pressure does not act on the engaging portions 414a and 414b of the driven member engaging with the guide bars 411 and 410, and the engaging portions 414a and 414b are hardly worn. Particularly, the fourth lens unit is moved in varying magnification and focusing, and its moving amount is larger than that of the second lens unit due to the AF operation. Therefore, the electromagnetic type linear actuator is more effective for use in driving the fourth lens unit than the vibration type linear actuator in order to enhance the durability.
As described above, in Embodiment 4, the guide bar 410, the first linear actuator, and the first linear encoder are disposed next to each other along (close to) the left side which is one of the outer surfaces of the light amount adjusting unit 415 closest to the optical axis position when viewed from the optical axis direction. The guide bar 411, the second linear actuator, and the second linear encoder are disposed next to each other along (close to) the right side which is one of the outer surfaces of the light amount adjusting unit 415 closest to the optical axis position when viewed from the optical axis direction. Thus, although the optical apparatus has the light amount adjusting unit 415, the two linear actuators for driving the second and fourth lens holding members 412 and 414 (second and fourth lens units 402 and 404) disposed on the object side and the image plane side of the light amount adjusting unit 415, the two guide bars 410 and 411 for guiding the lens holding members 412 and 414 in the optical axis direction, and the two linear encoders for detecting the positions of the lens holding members 412 and 414, it can be formed in a compact size.
The scale 428 of the first linear encoder disposed next to the guide bar 410 reduces displacement of the scale 428 due to backlash of the engaging portions 412a and 412b of the second lens holding member 412 engaging with the guide bars 410 and 411 to enable accurate detection of positions.
When the linear actuator and the linear encoder are disposed across the optical axis from the guide bar for guiding the lens holding member which is driven and whose position is detected by them, the linear encoder may be moved in the direction opposite to the driving direction with the guide bar as the supporting point at the start of the driving due to backlash at the engaging portion of the lens holding member engaging with the guide bar. This may reduce the accuracy of the position detection. In Embodiment 4, however, the linear actuator and the linear encoder are disposed on the same side as the guide bar for guiding the lens holding member which is driven and whose position is detected by them, so that such a problem does not arise and the position can be detected accurately.
In addition, since the second linear actuator is disposed next to the guide bar 411, the fourth lens holding member 414 can be driven smoothly.
According to each of Embodiments 1 to 4, the optical apparatus has a holding mechanism which holds one member of the vibrator and the contact member in a condition in which at least one of the position and inclination of the one member can be changed. This makes it possible to constantly parallelize the press contact surfaces of the vibrator and the contact member to maintain their surface contact state even when the other member is not parallel to the optical axis or inclines around an axis parallel to the optical axis. Thereby, it is possible to provide stably an output consistent with the performance inherent in the vibration type linear actuator.
In particular, when an elastic member which is deformable in response to a smaller force than the press contact force is provided in the holding member, since the force generated by the deformation of the elastic member is small, the force acting from the elastic member on the engagement part of the lens holding member and the guide member is also reduced. Therefore, the friction generated in the engagement part of the lens holding member and the guide member is reduced, thereby making it possible to drive the lens using a low-power vibration type actuator, reduce the wear in the engagement part, and perform a fine, smooth and accurate drive of the lens.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described. However, the present invention is not limited to the structures described in Embodiments 1 to 4, and various modifications may be made in each of Embodiments 1 to 4.
While each of Embodiments 1 to 4 has been descried in conjunction with the image-taking apparatus integral with the lens, the present invention is applicable to an interchangeable lens (optical apparatus) which is removably mounted on an image-taking apparatus body. The present invention is applicable not only to the image-taking apparatus, but also to various optical apparatuses for driving a lens by a vibration type linear actuator.
While each of Embodiments 1 to 4 has been described in conjunction with the holding mechanism which holds the vibrator and the slider at variable positions and inclinations, it is possible to provide a holding mechanism which allows one of the position and inclination to be variable.
This application claims a foreign priority benefit based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-125754, filed on Apr. 22, 2005, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety as if fully set forth herein.

## Claims

1. An optical apparatus comprising:
a lens;
a vibration type linear actuator which drives the lens in an optical axis direction, the vibration type linear actuator including a vibrator on which vibration is produced through an electromechanical energy conversion action and a contact member which is in press contact with the vibrator; and
a holding mechanism which holds one member of the vibrator and the contact member so as to change at least one of the position and inclination of the one member in response to a force smaller than a press contact force acting between the vibrator and the contact member,
wherein the holding mechanism includes an elastic member that is deformed in response to the force smaller than the press contact force.

2. The optical apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the holding mechanism limits displacement of the one member in the optical axis direction.

3. The optical apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the holding mechanism is separately provided from a member that generates the press contact force.

4. The optical apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the contact member is formed of a magnet, and the press contact force is generated by a magnetic action of the contact member that attracts the vibrator.

5. The optical apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a lens holding member which holds the lens, one of the vibrator and the contact member being provided on the lens holding member; and
a guide member which engages with the lens holding member to guide the lens holding member in the optical axis direction.

6. An optical apparatus comprising:
a lens;
a vibration type linear actuator which drives the lens in an optical axis direction, the vibration type linear actuator including a vibrator on which vibration is produced through an electromechanical energy conversion action and a contact member which is in press contact with the vibrator; and
a holding mechanism which holds one member of the vibrator and the contact member so as to change at least one of the position and inclination of the one member in response to a force smaller than a press contact force acting between the vibrator and the contact member,
wherein the holding mechanism includes a projection portion and a hole portion that engage with each other in response to the force smaller than the press contact force.

7. The optical apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the holding mechanism limits displacement of the one member in the optical axis direction.

8. The optical apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the holding mechanism is separately provided from a member that generates the press contact force.

9. The optical apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the contact member is formed of a magnet, and the press contact force is generated by a magnetic action of the contact member that attracts the vibrator.

10. The optical apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising:
a lens holding member which holds the lens, one of the vibrator and the contact member being provided on the lens holding member; and
a guide member which engages with the lens holding member to guide the lens holding member in the optical axis direction.