# Directive 2014/94/EU of the European Parliament and of the CouncilShow full title

Directive 2014/94/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2014 on the deployment of alternative fuels            infrastructure (Text with EEA relevance)         

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# Directive 2014/94/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council

# of 22 October 2014

# on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure

# (Text with EEA relevance)

THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,

Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Article 91 thereof,

Having regard to the proposal from the European Commission,

After transmission of the draft legislative act to the national parliaments,

Having regard to the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee(1),                        

Having regard to the opinion of the Committee of the Regions(2),                        

Acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure(3),                        

Whereas:

(1)In its Communication of 3 March 2010 entitled ‘Europe 2020: A strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth’, the Commission                              aims at enhancing competitiveness and energy security by a more efficient use of resources and energy.

(2)The Commission's White Paper of 28 March 2011 entitled ‘Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area — Towards a Competitive                              and Resource Efficient Transport System’ called for a reduction in the dependence of transport on oil. This needs to be achieved                              by means of an array of policy initiatives, including the development of a sustainable alternative fuels strategy as well                              as of the appropriate infrastructure. The Commission's White Paper also proposed a reduction of 60 % in greenhouse gas emissions                              from transport by 2050, as measured against the 1990 levels.

(3)Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council(4) sets a market share target of 10 % of renewables in transport fuels.

(4)Based on the consultation of stakeholders and national experts, as well as the expertise reflected in the Communication from                              the Commission of 24 January 2013 entitled ‘Clean Power for Transport: A European alternative fuels strategy’, electricity,                              hydrogen, biofuels, natural gas, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) were identified as currently the principal alternative                              fuels with a potential for long-term oil substitution, also in light of their possible simultaneous and combined use by means                              of, for instance, dual-fuel technology systems.

(5)Power sources means all alternative sources of energy for transport, such as electricity and hydrogen, that do not have to                              be released through combustion or non-combustion oxidation.

(6)Synthetic fuels, substituting diesel, petrol and jet fuel, can be produced from different feedstock, converting biomass, gas,                              coal or plastic waste into liquid fuels, methane and dimethyl ether (DME). Synthetic paraffinic diesel fuels, such as hydrotreated                              vegetable oils (HVO) and Fischer-Tropsch diesel, are fungible and can be blended into fossil diesel fuel at very high blending                              ratios, or can be used neat in all existing or future diesel vehicles. Therefore, those fuels can be distributed, stored and                              used with the existing infrastructure. Synthetic fuels substituting petrol, such as methanol and other alcohols, can be blended                              with petrol and can be technically used with current vehicle technology with minor adaptions. Methanol can also be used for                              inland navigation and short-sea shipping. Synthetic and paraffinic fuels have a potential to reduce the use of oil sources                              in the energy supply to transport.

(7)LPG or autogas is an alternative fuel, derived from natural gas processing and oil refining, with a lower carbon footprint                              and significantly less pollutant emissions than conventional fuels. Bio-LPG derived from various biomass sources is expected                              to emerge as a viable technology in the medium to long term. LPG can be used for road transport (for cars and trucks) for                              all ranges of distances. It can also be used for inland navigation and short-sea shipping. LPG infrastructure is relatively                              well developed, with a significant number of filling stations already present in the Union (approximately 29 000). However,                              the distribution of those filling stations is uneven, with low penetration in a number of countries.

(8)Without prejudice to the definition of alternative fuels in this Directive, it should be noted that additional types of clean                              fuels exist that can represent potential alternatives to fossil fuels. Promising results from research and development should                              be considered when new types of alternative fuels are selected. Standards and legislation should be drawn up, without giving                              preference to any particular type of technology, so as not to hamper further development towards alternative fuels and energy                              carriers.

(9)The CARS 21 High Level Group report of 6 June 2012 stated that the lack of a Union-wide harmonised alternative fuel infrastructure                              hampers the market introduction of vehicles using alternative fuels and delays their environmental benefits. In its Communication                              of 8 November 2012 entitled ‘CARS 2020: Action Plan for a competitive and sustainable automotive industry in Europe’, the                              Commission took up the main recommendations of the CARS 21 High Level Group report and presented an Action Plan based on them.                              This Directive is one of the key actions regarding alternative fuels infrastructure announced by the Commission.

(10)Fragmentation of the internal market due to uncoordinated market introduction of alternative fuels should be avoided. Coordinated                              policy frameworks of all Member States should therefore provide the long-term security required for private and public investment                              in vehicle and fuel technology, and infrastructure build-up, in order to serve the dual purpose of minimising dependence on                              oil and mitigating the environmental impact of transport. Member States should therefore establish national policy frameworks                              outlining their national targets and objectives, and supporting actions for the development of the market as regards alternative                              fuels, including the deployment of the necessary infrastructure to be put into place, in close cooperation with regional and                              local authorities and with the industry concerned, while taking into account the needs of small and medium-sized enterprises.                              Where necessary, Member States should cooperate with other neighbouring Member States at regional or macro-regional level,                              by means of consultation or joint policy frameworks, in particular where continuity of alternative fuels infrastructure coverage                              across national borders or the construction of new infrastructure in the proximity of national borders is required, including                              different non-discriminatory access options for recharging and refuelling points. The coordination of those national policy                              frameworks and their coherence at Union level should be supported by cooperation between Member States and assessment and                              reporting by the Commission. In order to facilitate reporting by the Member States of the information provided for in Annex                              I, non-binding guidelines should be adopted by the Commission.

(11)A coordinated approach is necessary in order to meet the long-term energy needs of all transport modes. In particular, policies                              should build upon the use of alternative fuels, with a focus on the specific needs of each transport mode. In the elaboration                              of national policy frameworks, account should be taken of the needs of the different transport modes existing on the territory                              of the Member State concerned, including those for which limited alternatives to fossil fuels are available.

(12)The development and implementation of the national policy frameworks of the Member States should be facilitated by the Commission                              by means of exchanges of information and best practices between the Member States.

(13)In order to promote alternative fuels and develop the relevant infrastructure, the national policy frameworks may consist                              of several plans, strategies or other planning documentation developed separately or in an integrated manner, or in another                              form, and at the administrative level decided upon by the Member States.

(14)Fuels included in the national policy frameworks should be eligible for Union and national support measures for alternative                              fuels infrastructure, in order to focus public support on a coordinated internal market development towards Union-wide mobility                              using alternative fuels vehicles and vessels.

(15)This Directive is not intended to place an additional financial burden on Member States or on regional and local authorities.                              It should be possible for Member States to implement this Directive by making use of a wide range of regulatory and non-regulatory                              incentives and measures, in close cooperation with private sector actors, who should play a key role in supporting the development                              of alternative fuels infrastructure.

(16)In accordance with Regulation (EU) No 1316/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council(5), the development of new technologies and innovation, in particular regarding the decarbonisation of transport, is eligible                              for Union funding. That Regulation also provides for additional funding to be granted for actions which exploit the synergies                              between at least two of the sectors covered by it (namely transport, energy and telecommunications). Lastly, the Commission                              is assisted by the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) Coordination Committee in coordinating the work programmes with a view                              to allowing multi-sectoral calls for proposals in an effort to take full advantage of possible synergies between those sectors.                              The CEF would, therefore, contribute to the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure.

(17)The Horizon 2020 framework programme, established by Regulation (EU) No 1291/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council(6), will also provide support for research and innovation with regard to alternative fuel vehicles and the related infrastructure,                              in particular through the Societal Challenge ‘Smart, green and integrated transport’. That specific source of financing should                              also contribute to the development of alternative fuels infrastructure and should be fully considered as an additional opportunity                              to ensure a sustainable mobility market throughout the Union.

(18)In order to trigger investment in sustainable transport and support the deployment of a continued network of alternative fuels                              infrastructure in the Union, the Commission and the Member States should support national and regional development measures                              in this area. They should encourage exchanges of best practices in alternative fuels infrastructure deployment and management                              between local and regional development initiatives and, to this end, they should promote the use of the European Structural                              and Investment Funds, in particular the European Regional Development Fund and the Cohesion Fund.

(19)Support measures for alternative fuels infrastructure should be implemented in compliance with the State aid rules contained                              in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). Member States may consider it necessary to provide support                              to operators affected by this Directive in accordance with the applicable State aid rules. Any national support measures for                              alternative fuels infrastructure notified to the Commission should be assessed without delay.

(20)The Trans-European Network for Transport (TEN-T) guidelines recognise that alternative fuels serve, at least partly, as a                              substitute for fossil oil sources in the energy supply to transport, contribute to its decarbonisation and enhance the environmental                              performance of the transport sector. The TEN-T guidelines require, with regard to new technologies and innovation, that the                              TEN-T is to enable the decarbonisation of all transport modes by stimulating energy efficiency as well as by introducing alternative                              propulsion systems and the provision of corresponding infrastructure. The TEN-T guidelines also require that inland and sea                              ports, airports and roads of the core network established by Regulation (EU) No 1315/2013 of the European Parliament and of                              the Council(7) (‘TEN-T Core Network’) provide for the availability of alternative fuels. In the CEF, the TEN-T funding instrument makes                              the deployment on the TEN-T Core Network of those new technologies and innovation, including infrastructure for alternative                              clean fuels, eligible for grants. In addition, the deployment of infrastructure for alternative clean fuels on the broader                              comprehensive network will be able to receive financial assistance from the CEF in the form of procurement and financial instruments,                              such as project bonds.

(21)Biofuels, as defined in Directive 2009/28/EC, are currently the most important type of alternative fuels, accounting for 4,7                              % of the total fuels consumed in Union transport in 2011. They can also contribute to a substantial reduction in overall CO2 emissions if they are produced sustainably. They could provide clean power to all forms of transport.

(22)The lack of harmonised development of alternative fuels infrastructure across the Union prevents the development of economies                              of scale on the supply side and Union-wide mobility on the demand side. New infrastructure networks need to be built up, such                              as for electricity, natural gas (liquefied natural gas (LNG) and compressed natural gas (CNG)) and, where appropriate, hydrogen.                              It is important to acknowledge the different stages of development of each fuel technology and related infrastructures, including                              the maturity of business models for private investors and the availability and user acceptance of alternative fuels. Technological                              neutrality should be ensured and national policy frameworks should take due account of the requirement to support the commercial                              development of alternative fuels. Moreover, population density and geographical characteristics should be taken into account                              in the elaboration of national policy frameworks.

(23)Electricity has the potential to increase the energy efficiency of road vehicles and to contribute to a CO2 reduction in transport. It is a power source that is indispensable for the deployment of electric vehicles, including L-category                              vehicles as referred to in Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council(8) and Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council(9), which can contribute to improving air quality and reducing noise in urban/suburban agglomerations and other densely populated                              areas. Member States should ensure that recharging points accessible to the public are built up with adequate coverage, in                              order to enable electric vehicles to circulate at least in urban/suburban agglomerations and other densely populated areas,                              and, where appropriate, within networks determined by the Member States. The number of such recharging points should be established                              taking into account the number of electric vehicles estimated to be registered by the end of 2020 in each Member State. As                              an indication, the appropriate average number of recharging points should be equivalent to at least one recharging point per 10                              cars, also taking into consideration the type of cars, charging technology and available private recharging points. An appropriate                              number of recharging points accessible to the public should be installed, in particular at public transport stations, such                              as port passenger terminals, airports or railway stations. Private owners of electric vehicles depend to a large extent on                              access to recharging points in collective parking lots, such as in apartment blocks and office and business locations. Public                              authorities should take measures to assist users of such vehicles by ensuring that the appropriate infrastructure with sufficient                              electric vehicle recharging points is provided by site developers and managers.

(24)Member States should ensure that publicly accessible infrastructure for the supply of electricity to motor vehicles is built                              up. To define an appropriate number of recharging points accessible to the public in their national policy frameworks, it                              should be possible for Member States to take into consideration the number of existing recharging points accessible to the                              public on their territory and their specifications, and to decide whether to concentrate deployment efforts on normal or high                              power recharging points.

(25)Electro-mobility is a fast developing area. Current recharging interface technologies include cable connectors, but future                              interface technologies such as wireless charging or battery swapping need to be considered as well. Legislation needs to ensure                              that technological innovation is facilitated. This Directive should therefore be updated as appropriate in order to take into                              account future standards for technologies such as wireless charging and battery swapping.

(26)A recharging or refuelling point accessible to the public may include, for example, privately owned recharging or refuelling                              points or devices accessible to the public through registration cards or fees, recharging or refuelling points of car-sharing                              schemes which allow access for third party users by means of subscription, or recharging or refuelling points in public parking.                              Recharging or refuelling points which allow private users physical access with an authorisation or a subscription should be                              considered to be recharging or refuelling points accessible to the public.

(27)Electricity and hydrogen are particularly attractive power sources for the deployment of electric/fuel cell vehicles and L-category                              vehicles in urban/suburban agglomerations and other densely populated areas, which can contribute to improving air quality                              and reducing noise. Electro-mobility is an important contributor to meeting the Union's ambitious climate and energy targets                              for 2020. Indeed, Directive 2009/28/EC, transposed by Member States by 5 December 2010, set mandatory targets for all Member States                              for the share of energy from renewable sources, with the aim of reaching by 2020 a Union target of at least a 20 % share of                              energy from renewable sources, and a 10 % share of renewable energy being specifically used in the transport sector.

(28)The recharging of electric vehicles at recharging points should, if technically and financially reasonable, make use of intelligent                              metering systems in order to contribute to the stability of the electricity system by recharging batteries from the grid at                              times of low general electricity demand and to allow secure and flexible data handling. In the long term, this may also enable                              electric vehicles to feed power from the batteries back into the grid at times of high general electricity demand. Intelligent                              metering systems as defined in Directive 2012/27/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council(10) enable real-time data to be produced which is needed to ensure the stability of the grid and to encourage rational use of                              recharging services. Intelligent metering systems provide accurate and transparent information on the cost and availability                              of recharging services, thereby encouraging recharging at ‘off-peak’ periods, which means times of low general electricity                              demand and low energy prices. The use of intelligent metering systems optimises recharging, with benefits for the electricity                              system and for consumers.

(29)With respect to recharging points for electric vehicles which are not publicly accessible, Member States should aim to explore                              the technical and financial feasibility of synergies with intelligent meter roll-out plans following the obligation under                              Annex I.2 to Directive 2009/72/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council(11). Distribution system operators play an important role in relation to recharging points. In the development of their tasks,                              the distribution system operators, some of whom may be part of a vertically integrated undertaking owning or operating recharging                              points, should cooperate on a non-discriminatory basis with any other owners or operators of recharging points, in particular                              providing them with the information needed for the efficient access to and use of the system.

(30)In the development of infrastructure for electric vehicles, the interaction of that infrastructure with the electricity system,                              as well as the electricity policy of the Union, should be consistent with the principles established under Directive 2009/72/EC.                              The establishment and operation of recharging points for electric vehicles should be developed as a competitive market with                              open access to all parties interested in rolling-out or operating recharging infrastructures.

(31)The access of Union electricity suppliers to recharging points should be without prejudice to the derogations under Article 44                              of Directive 2009/72/EC.

(32)In 2010, the Commission delivered a mandate (M468) to the European Standardisation Organisations (ESOs) to issue new standards                              or review existing standards with the aim of ensuring interoperability and connectivity between an electricity supply point                              and a charger of electric vehicles. CEN/CENELEC set up a focus group, which published a report in October 2011. Whereas the                              report contained a number of recommendations, no consensus on the selection of one standard interface was reached. Therefore,                              further policy action is needed in order to provide a non-proprietary solution ensuring interoperability across the Union.

(33)Interface to charge electric vehicles could include several socket outlets or vehicle connectors as long as one of them complies                              with the technical specifications set out in this Directive, so as to allow multistandard recharging. However, the choice                              made in this Directive of Union-wide common connectors for electric vehicles (Type 2 and Combo 2) should not be detrimental                              to Member States having already invested in the deployment of other standardised technologies for recharging points and should                              not affect existing recharging points deployed before the entry into force of this Directive. Electric vehicles already in                              circulation before the entry into force of this Directive should be able to recharge, even if they were designed to recharge                              at recharging points that do not comply with the technical specifications set out in this Directive. The choice of equipment                              for normal and high power recharging points should comply with specific safety requirements in force at national level.

(34)Shore-side electricity facilities can serve maritime and inland waterway transport as clean power supply, in particular in                              maritime and inland navigation ports where air quality or noise levels are poor. Shore-side electricity can contribute to                              reducing the environmental impact of sea-going ships and inland waterway vessels.

(35)Standardisation of shore-side electricity supply should not impede the use of systems already in place prior to the entry                              into force of this Directive. In particular, Member States should allow maintenance and upgrading of existing systems with                              a view to ensuring their efficient use throughout their lifespan, without requiring full compliance with the technical specifications                              set out in this Directive.

(36)Electricity supply to stationary airplanes at airports can reduce fuel consumption and noise, improve air quality and reduce                              the impact on climate change. Member States should therefore ensure that the need to install electricity supply at airports                              is considered in their national policy frameworks.

(37)Hydrogen-powered motor vehicles, including hydrogen-powered L-vehicles, have at present very low market penetration rates                              but a build-up of sufficient hydrogen refuelling infrastructure is essential in order to make larger-scale hydrogen-powered                              motor vehicle deployment possible.

(38)Member States which decide to include hydrogen refuelling points in their national policy frameworks should ensure that publicly                              accessible infrastructure for the supply of hydrogen to motor vehicles is built up, ensuring circulation of hydrogen-powered                              motor vehicles within the networks determined by the Member States. Where appropriate, cross-border links should be taken                              into account with a view to enabling hydrogen-powered motor vehicles to circulate Union-wide.

(39)As far as natural gas vehicles are concerned, around 3 000 refuelling points are presently in operation in the Union. Additional                              refuelling points could be put in place and supplied from the existing well-developed area covering natural gas distribution                              networks in the Union, provided that the quality of the gas is suitable for use in current and advanced technology gas vehicles.                              The current distribution network for natural gas could be supplemented with local refuelling points utilising locally produced                              biomethane.

(40)Common infrastructure for natural gas requires common technical specifications for its hardware as well as for the gas quality.                              The quality of natural gas used in the Union depends on its origin, on its constituents, for example biomethane blended into                              natural gas, and on the way in which natural gas is handled through the distribution chain. Therefore, a spread of technical                              characteristics could prevent the optimal use of engines and reduce their energy efficiency. In this respect, the Technical                              Committee CEN/TC 408 — Project Committee is developing a set of quality specifications for natural gas used in transport and                              for the injection of biomethane into the natural gas grid.

(41)Member States should ensure, by means of their national policy frameworks, that an appropriate number of refuelling points                              accessible to the public for the supply of CNG or compressed biomethane to motor vehicles is built up, in order to ensure                              that CNG motor vehicles can circulate in urban/suburban agglomerations and other densely populated areas as well as throughout                              the Union, at least along the existing TEN-T Core Network. When establishing their networks for the supply of CNG to motor                              vehicles, Member States should ensure that refuelling points accessible to the public are put in place, taking into account                              the minimum range of CNG motor vehicles. As an indication, the necessary average distance between refuelling points should                              be approximately 150 km. To ensure market functioning and interoperability, all CNG refuelling points for motor vehicles should                              provide gas of the quality required for use in current and advanced technology CNG vehicles.

(42)LNG is an attractive fuel alternative for vessels to meet the requirements for decreasing the sulphur content in marine fuels                              in the SOx Emission Control Areas which affect half of the ships sailing in European short sea shipping, as provided for by Directive 2012/33/EU                              of the European Parliament and of the Council(12). A core network of refuelling points for LNG at maritime and inland ports should be available at least by the end of 2025                              and 2030, respectively. Refuelling points for LNG include, inter alia, LNG terminals, tanks, mobile containers, bunker vessels                              and barges. The initial focus on the core network should not rule out the possibility of LNG also being made available in                              the longer term at ports outside the core network, in particular those ports that are important for vessels not engaged in                              transport operations. The decision on the location of the LNG refuelling points at ports should be based on a cost-benefit                              analysis including an examination of the environmental benefits. Applicable safety-related provisions should also be taken                              into account. The deployment of LNG infrastructure provided for in this Directive should not hamper the development of other                              potentially upcoming energy-efficient alternative fuels.

(43)The Commission and the Member States should endeavour to modify the European Agreement concerning the International Carriage                              of Dangerous Goods by Inland Waterways, concluded at Geneva on 26 May 2000, as amended (ADN), to allow large-scale carriage                              of LNG on inland waterways. The amendments which this entails should be made applicable to all transport in the territory                              of the Union by adapting Annex III, Section III.1 of Directive 2008/68/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council(13). Directive 2006/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council(14) should be amended, where necessary, to allow the efficient and safe use of LNG for propulsion of vessels on inland waterways.                              Proposed amendments should not conflict with the provisions of the ADN applicable in the Union territory by virtue of Annex                              III, Section III.1 of Directive 2008/68/EC.

(44)Member States should ensure an appropriate distribution system between storage stations and refuelling points for LNG. As                              regards road transport, the availability and geographical location of loading points for LNG tank vehicles are essential to                              developing an economically sustainable LNG mobility.

(45)LNG, including liquefied biomethane, might also offer a cost-efficient technology allowing heavy-duty vehicles to meet the                              stringent pollutant emission limits of Euro VI standards as referred to in Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 of the European Parliament                              and of the Council(15).

(46)The TEN-T Core Network should be the basis for the deployment of LNG infrastructure as it covers the main traffic flows and                              allows for network benefits. When establishing their networks for the supply of LNG to heavy-duty motor vehicles, Member States                              should ensure that refuelling points accessible to the public are put in place, at least along the existing TEN-T Core Network,                              within adequate distances taking into account the minimum range of LNG heavy-duty motor vehicles. As an indication, the necessary                              average distance between refuelling points should be approximately 400 km.

(47)The deployment of the refuelling points for both LNG and CNG should be adequately coordinated with the implementation of the                              TEN-T Core Network.

(48)An appropriate number of LNG and CNG refuelling points accessible to the public should be put in place by 31 December 2025,                              at least along the TEN-T Core Network existing at that date and, after that date, on the other parts of the TEN-T Core Network                              where these are made accessible to vehicles.

(49)In light of the increasing diversity in the type of fuels for motorised vehicles coupled with on-going growth in the road                              mobility of citizens across the Union, it is necessary to provide vehicle users with clear and easy-to-understand information                              on the fuels available at refuelling stations and on the compatibility of their vehicle with different fuels or recharging                              points on the Union market, without prejudice to Directive 2009/30/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council(16). Member States should be able to decide to implement such information measures also in respect of vehicles in circulation.

(50)In the absence of a European standard for a given alternative fuel, Member States should be allowed to use other standards                              for user information and labelling.

(51)Simple and easy-to-compare information on the prices of different fuels could play an important role in enabling vehicle users                              to better evaluate the relative cost of individual fuels available on the market. Therefore, when fuel prices are displayed                              at a fuel station, in particular for natural gas and hydrogen, it should be possible for unit price comparison to conventional                              fuels, such as ‘1 petrol litre equivalent’, to be displayed for information purposes.

(52)In light of the increasing diversity in the type of fuels for motorised vehicles, it is necessary to provide vehicle users                              with data regarding the geographic location of the refuelling and recharging points accessible to the public of alternative                              fuels covered by this Directive. Therefore, when companies or internet sites provide this information, it should be accessible                              on an open and non-discriminatory basis to all users.

(53)It is of particular importance for fact-based policy-making at all levels to collect best practice and coordinated data through                              monitoring activities, such as the Clean Vehicle Portal and the European Electro-mobility Observatory.

(54)Key information concerning the availability of recharging and refuelling points and any other information necessary for Union-wide                              mobility should be included, where applicable, in traffic and travel information services as part of the intelligent transport                              system.

(55)In order to ensure adaptation of the provisions of this Directive to market developments and technical progress, the power                              to adopt acts in accordance with Article 290 TFEU should be delegated to the Commission in respect of the technical specifications                              of refuelling and recharging points and relevant standards. It is of particular importance that the Commission follow its                              usual practice and carry out appropriate consultations during its preparatory work, including at expert level. The Commission,                              when preparing and drawing up delegated acts, should ensure a simultaneous, timely and appropriate transmission of relevant                              documents to the European Parliament and to the Council.

(56)The International Maritime Organization (IMO) develops uniform and internationally recognised safety and environmental standards                              for maritime transport. Conflicts with international standards should be avoided in view of the global nature of maritime                              transport. Therefore, the Union should ensure that technical specifications for maritime transport adopted pursuant to this                              Directive are consistent with international rules adopted by the IMO.

(57)Technical specifications for interoperability of recharging and refuelling points should be specified in European or international                              standards. The ESOs should adopt European standards in accordance with Article 10 of Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012 of the European                              Parliament and of the Council(17), and those standards should be based on current international standards or ongoing international standardisation work, where                              applicable. For standards not yet adopted, the work should be based on standards under development: ‘Guidelines for systems                              and installations for supply of LNG as fuel to ships’ (ISO/DTS 18683), ‘Natural gas fuelling stations — LNG stations for fuelling                              vehicles’ (ISO/DIS 16924) and ‘Natural gas fuelling stations — CNG stations for fuelling vehicles’ (ISO/DIS 16923). The Commission                              should be empowered to update the references to technical specifications given in European or international standards by means                              of delegated acts.

(58)In the application of this Directive, the Commission should consult relevant expert groups, including at least the European                              Expert Group on Future Transport Fuels, consisting of experts from industry and civil society, as well as the Joint Expert                              Group on Transport & Environment, which brings together experts from the Member States.

(59)A group of experts called the European Sustainable Shipping Forum (ESSF) has been established by the Commission in order to                              assist it in implementing the Union's activities in the area of maritime transport sustainability. A sub-group on marine LNG                              has been set up under the ESSF, with the mandate of proposing to the ESSF the development of standards or rules for marine                              LNG as ship fuel covering technical, operational, safety, security, training and environmental aspects of LNG bunkering. A                              Committee for the Creation of Technical Standards (CESTE) has also been established to deal with the technical standards in                              the field of inland navigation. It is of particular importance that the Commission follow its usual practice and carry out                              consultations with experts, including the ESSF and the CESTE, before adopting delegated acts on requirements on the bunkering                              of LNG, including the safety aspects related thereto.

(60)The Central Commission for the Navigation of the Rhine (CCNR) is an international organisation that addresses all issues concerning                              inland navigation. The Danube Commission is an international intergovernmental organisation that provides and develops free                              navigation on the Danube. It is of particular importance that the Commission follow its usual practice and carry out consultations                              with experts, including the CCNR and the Danube Commission, before adopting delegated acts on inland navigation.

(61)When matters relating to this Directive, other than its implementation or infringements, are being examined by experts, thereby                              acting as expert groups, the European Parliament should receive full information and documentation and, where appropriate,                              an invitation to attend the relevant meetings.

(62)In order to ensure uniform conditions for the implementation of this Directive, implementing powers should be conferred on                              the Commission to lay down common procedures and specifications. Those powers should be exercised in accordance with Regulation                              (EU) No 182/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council(18).

(63)To ensure that alternative fuels for transport are of the quality required for use in current and future technology engines,                              and that they offer a high level of environmental performance with regard to CO2 and other pollutant emissions, the Commission should monitor their introduction on the market. To that end, the Commission                              should, if appropriate, propose the necessary legal measures to ensure a harmonised high level of fuel quality throughout                              the Union.

(64)In order to achieve the broadest possible use of alternative fuels for transport, while ensuring technological neutrality,                              and to promote sustainable electric mobility throughout the Union, the Commission should, if it considers appropriate, take                              suitable measures, such as the adoption of an Action Plan for the implementation of the strategy set out in the Communication                              entitled ‘Clean Power for Transport: A European alternative fuels strategy’. For this purpose, the Commission could take into                              account individual market needs and developments in the Member States.

(65)Since the objective of this Directive, namely to promote a broad market development of alternative fuels, cannot be sufficiently                              achieved by the Member States individually, but can rather, by reason of the need for action to meet the demand for a critical                              mass of alternatively fuelled vehicles and for cost-efficient developments by European industry, and to allow Union-wide mobility                              of alternatively fuelled vehicles, be better achieved at Union level, the Union may adopt measures, in accordance with the                              principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty on European Union. In accordance with the principle of proportionality,                              as set out in that Article, this Directive does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve that objective,

HAVE ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:

## Article 1U.K.Subject matter

This Directive establishes a common framework of measures for the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure in the Union                     in order to minimise dependence on oil and to mitigate the environmental impact of transport. This Directive sets out minimum                     requirements for the building-up of alternative fuels infrastructure, including recharging points for electric vehicles and                     refuelling points for natural gas (LNG and CNG) and hydrogen, to be implemented by means of Member States' national policy                     frameworks, as well as common technical specifications for such recharging and refuelling points, and user information requirements.                  

## Article 2U.K.Definitions

For the purpose of this Directive, the following definitions apply:

‘alternative fuels’ means fuels or power sources which serve, at least partly, as a substitute for fossil oil sources in the                              energy supply to transport and which have the potential to contribute to its decarbonisation and enhance the environmental                              performance of the transport sector. They include, inter alia:                           
                -  electricity, 
                -  hydrogen, 
                -  biofuels as defined in point (i) of Article 2 of Directive 2009/28/EC, 
                -  synthetic and paraffinic fuels, 
                -  natural gas, including biomethane, in gaseous form (compressed natural gas (CNG)) and liquefied form (liquefied natural gas                                    (LNG)), and                                  
                -  liquefied petroleum gas (LPG); 

‘electric vehicle’ means a motor vehicle equipped with a powertrain containing at least one non-peripheral electric machine                              as energy converter with an electric rechargeable energy storage system, which can be recharged externally;                           

‘recharging point’ means an interface that is capable of charging one electric vehicle at a time or exchanging a battery of                              one electric vehicle at a time;                           

‘normal power recharging point’ means a recharging point that allows for a transfer of electricity to an electric vehicle                              with a power less than or equal to 22 kW, excluding devices with a power less than or equal to 3,7 kW, which are installed                              in private households or the primary purpose of which is not recharging electric vehicles, and which are not accessible to                              the public;                           

‘high power recharging point’ means a recharging point that allows for a transfer of electricity to an electric vehicle with                              a power of more than 22 kW;                           

‘shore-side electricity supply’ means the provision of shore-side electrical power through a standardised interface to seagoing                              ships or inland waterway vessels at berth;                           

‘recharging or refuelling point accessible to the public’ means a recharging or refuelling point to supply an alternative                              fuel which provides Union-wide non-discriminatory access to users. Non-discriminatory access may include different terms of                              authentication, use and payment;                           

‘refuelling point’ means a refuelling facility for the provision of any fuel with the exception of LNG, through a fixed or                              a mobile installation;                           

‘refuelling point for LNG’ means a refuelling facility for the provision of LNG, consisting of either a fixed or mobile facility,                              offshore facility, or other system.                           

## Article 3U.K.National policy frameworks

1.Each Member State shall adopt a national policy framework for the development of the market as regards alternative fuels in                        the transport sector and the deployment of the relevant infrastructure. It shall contain at least the following elements:                  
          -  an assessment of the current state and future development of the market as regards alternative fuels in the transport sector,                           including in light of their possible simultaneous and combined use, and of the development of alternative fuels infrastructure,                           considering, where relevant, cross-border continuity,                         
          -  national targets and objectives, pursuant to Articles 4(1), 4(3), 4(5), 6(1), 6(2), 6(3), 6(4), 6(6), 6(7), 6(8) and, where                           applicable, Article 5(1), for the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure. Those national targets and objectives shall                           be established and may be revised on the basis of an assessment of national, regional or Union-wide demand, while ensuring                           compliance with the minimum infrastructure requirements set out in this Directive,                         
          -  measures necessary to ensure that the national targets and the objectives contained in the national policy framework are reached, 
          -  measures that can promote the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure in public transport services, 
          -  designation of the urban/suburban agglomerations, of other densely populated areas and of networks which, subject to market                           needs, are to be equipped with recharging points accessible to the public in accordance with Article 4(1),                         
          -  designation of the urban/suburban agglomerations, of other densely populated areas and of networks which, subject to market                           needs, are to be equipped with CNG refuelling points in accordance with Article 6(7),                         
          -  an assessment of the need to install refuelling points for LNG in ports outside the TEN-T Core Network, 
          -  consideration of the need to install electricity supply at airports for use by stationary airplanes. 

2.Member States shall ensure that national policy frameworks take into account the needs of the different transport modes existing                        on their territory, including those for which limited alternatives to fossil fuels are available.                  

3.National policy frameworks shall take into account, as appropriate, the interests of regional and local authorities, as well                        as those of the stakeholders concerned.                  

4.Where necessary, Member States shall cooperate, by means of consultations or joint policy frameworks, to ensure that the measures                        required to achieve the objectives of this Directive are coherent and coordinated.                  

5.Support measures for alternative fuels infrastructure shall be implemented in compliance with the State aid rules contained                        in the TFEU.                  

6.National policy frameworks shall be in line with the Union's environmental and climate-protection legislation in force.                  

7.Member States shall notify their national policy frameworks to the Commission by 18 November 2016.                  

8.Based on the national policy frameworks, the Commission shall publish and regularly update information on the national targets                        and the objectives submitted by each Member State regarding:                  
          -  the number of recharging points accessible to the public, 
          -  refuelling points for LNG at maritime and inland ports, 
          -  refuelling points for LNG accessible to the public for motor vehicles, 
          -  CNG refuelling points accessible to the public for motor vehicles. 

Where applicable, information regarding the following shall also be published:
          -  hydrogen refuelling points accessible to the public, 
          -  infrastructure for shore-side electricity supply in maritime and inland ports, 
          -  infrastructure for electricity supply for stationary airplanes. 

9.The Commission shall assist Member States in the reporting on the national policy frameworks by means of the guidelines referred                        to in Article 10(4), shall assess the coherence of the national policy frameworks at Union level and shall assist Member States                        in the cooperation process provided for in paragraph 4 of this Article.                  

## Article 4U.K.Electricity supply for transport

1.Member States shall ensure, by means of their national policy frameworks, that an appropriate number of recharging points                        accessible to the public are put in place by 31 December 2020, in order to ensure that electric vehicles can circulate at                        least in urban/suburban agglomerations and other densely populated areas, and, where appropriate, within networks determined                        by the Member States. The number of such recharging points shall be established taking into consideration, inter alia, the                        number of electric vehicles estimated to be registered by the end of 2020, as indicated in their national policy frameworks,                        as well as best practices and recommendations issued by the Commission. Particular needs related to the installation of recharging                        points accessible to the public at public transport stations shall be taken into account, where appropriate.                  

2.The Commission shall assess the application of the requirements in paragraph 1 and, as appropriate, submit a proposal to amend                        this Directive, taking into account the development of the market for electric vehicles, in order to ensure that an additional                        number of recharging points accessible to the public are put in place in each Member State by 31 December 2025, at least on                        the TEN-T Core Network, in urban/suburban agglomerations and other densely populated areas.                  

3.Member States shall also take measures within their national policy frameworks to encourage and facilitate the deployment                        of recharging points not accessible to the public.                  

4.Member States shall ensure that normal power recharging points for electric vehicles, excluding wireless or inductive units,                        deployed or renewed as from 18 November 2017, comply at least with the technical specifications set out in point 1.1 of Annex                        II and with specific safety requirements in force at national level.                  

Member States shall ensure that high power recharging points for electric vehicles, excluding wireless or inductive units,                     deployed or renewed as from 18 November 2017, comply at least with the technical specifications set out in point 1.2 of Annex                     II.                  

5.Member States shall ensure that the need for shore-side electricity supply for inland waterway vessels and seagoing ships                        in maritime and inland ports is assessed in their national policy frameworks. Such shore-side electricity supply shall be                        installed as a priority in ports of the TEN-T Core Network, and in other ports, by 31 December 2025, unless there is no demand                        and the costs are disproportionate to the benefits, including environmental benefits.                  

6.Member States shall ensure that shore-side electricity supply installations for maritime transport, deployed or renewed as                        from 18 November 2017, comply with the technical specifications set out in point 1.7 of Annex II.                  

7.The recharging of electric vehicles at recharging points accessible to the public shall, if technically feasible and economically                        reasonable, make use of intelligent metering systems as defined in point (28) of Article 2 of Directive 2012/27/EU and shall                        comply with the requirements laid down in Article 9(2) of that Directive.                  

8.Member States shall ensure that operators of recharging points accessible to the public are free to purchase electricity from                        any Union electricity supplier, subject to the supplier's agreement. The operators of recharging points shall be allowed to                        provide electric vehicle recharging services to customers on a contractual basis, including in the name and on behalf of other                        service providers.                  

9.All recharging points accessible to the public shall also provide for the possibility for electric vehicle users to recharge                        on an ad hoc basis without entering into a contract with the electricity supplier or operator concerned.                  

10.Member States shall ensure that prices charged by the operators of recharging points accessible to the public are reasonable,                        easily and clearly comparable, transparent and non-discriminatory.                  

11.Member States shall ensure that distribution system operators cooperate on a non-discriminatory basis with any person establishing                        or operating recharging points accessible to the public.                  

12.Member States shall ensure that the legal framework permits the electricity supply for a recharging point to be the subject                        of a contract with a supplier other than the entity supplying electricity to the household or premises where such a recharging                        point is located.                  

13.Without prejudice to Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012, the Union shall pursue the development by the appropriate standardisation                        organisations of European standards containing detailed technical specifications for wireless recharging points and battery                        swapping for motor vehicles, and for recharging points for L-category motor vehicles and electric buses.                  

14.The Commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 8 to:                  

(a)supplement this Article and points 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 and 1.8 of Annex II in order to require compliance of the infrastructures                        to be deployed or renewed with the technical specifications contained in the European standards to be developed pursuant to                        paragraph 13 of this Article, where the relevant ESOs have recommended only one technical solution with technical specifications                        as described in a relevant European standard;                  

(b)update the references to the standards referred to in the technical specifications set out in point 1 of Annex II where those                        standards are replaced by new versions thereof adopted by the relevant standardisation organisations.                  

It is of particular importance that the Commission follow its usual practice and carry out consultations with experts, including                     Member States' experts, before adopting those delegated acts.                  

Those delegated acts shall provide for transitional periods of at least 24 months before the technical specifications contained                     therein, or amendments thereof, become binding on the infrastructure to be deployed or renewed.                  

## Article 5U.K.Hydrogen supply for road transport

1.Member States which decide to include hydrogen refuelling points accessible to the public in their national policy frameworks                        shall ensure that, by 31 December 2025, an appropriate number of such points are available, to ensure the circulation of hydrogen-powered                        motor vehicles, including fuel cell vehicles, within networks determined by those Member States, including, where appropriate,                        cross-border links.                  

2.Member States shall ensure that hydrogen refuelling points accessible to the public deployed or renewed as from 18 November                        2017 comply with the technical specifications set out in point 2 of Annex II.                  

3.The Commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 8 to update the references to the standards                        referred to in the technical specifications set out in point 2 of Annex II where those standards are replaced by new versions                        thereof adopted by the relevant standardisation organisations.                  

It is of particular importance that the Commission follow its usual practice and carry out consultations with experts, including                     Member States' experts, before adopting those delegated acts.                  

Those delegated acts shall provide for transitional periods of at least 24 months before the technical specifications contained                     therein, or amendments thereof, become binding on the infrastructure to be deployed or renewed.                  

## Article 6U.K.Natural gas supply for transport

1.Member States shall ensure, by means of their national policy frameworks, that an appropriate number of refuelling points                        for LNG are put in place at maritime ports, to enable LNG inland waterway vessels or seagoing ships to circulate throughout                        the TEN-T Core Network by 31 December 2025. Member States shall cooperate with neighbouring Member States where necessary                        to ensure adequate coverage of the TEN-T Core Network.                  

2.Member States shall ensure, by means of their national policy frameworks, that an appropriate number of refuelling points                        for LNG are put in place at inland ports, to enable LNG inland waterway vessels or seagoing ships to circulate throughout                        the TEN-T Core Network by 31 December 2030. Member States shall cooperate with neighbouring Member States where necessary                        to ensure adequate coverage of the TEN-T Core Network.                  

3.Member States shall designate in their national policy frameworks the maritime and inland ports that are to provide access                        to the refuelling points for LNG referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2, also taking into consideration actual market needs.                  

4.Member States shall ensure, by means of their national policy frameworks, that an appropriate number of refuelling points                        for LNG accessible to the public are put in place by 31 December 2025, at least along the existing TEN-T Core Network, in                        order to ensure that LNG heavy-duty motor vehicles can circulate throughout the Union, where there is demand, unless the costs                        are disproportionate to the benefits, including environmental benefits.                  

5.The Commission shall assess the application of the requirement in paragraph 4 and, as appropriate, submit a proposal to amend                        this Directive by 31 December 2027, taking into account the LNG heavy-duty motor vehicles market, in order to ensure that                        an appropriate number of refuelling points for LNG accessible to the public are put in place in each Member State.                  

6.Member States shall ensure that an appropriate LNG distribution system is available in their territory, including loading                        facilities for LNG tank vehicles, in order to supply the refuelling points referred to in paragraphs 1, 2 and 4. By way of                        derogation, neighbouring Member States may, in the context of their national policy frameworks, form a pool for the purposes                        of fulfilling this requirement. Pooling agreements shall be the subject of the reporting obligations of the Member States                        under this Directive.                  

7.Member States shall ensure, by means of their national policy frameworks, that an appropriate number of CNG refuelling points                        accessible to the public are put in place by 31 December 2020, in order to ensure, in line with the sixth indent of Article 3(1),                        that CNG motor vehicles can circulate in urban/suburban agglomerations and other densely populated areas, and, where appropriate,                        within networks determined by the Member States.                  

8.Member States shall ensure, by means of their national policy frameworks, that an appropriate number of CNG refuelling points                        accessible to the public are put in place by 31 December 2025, at least along the existing TEN-T Core Network, to ensure that                        CNG motor vehicles can circulate throughout the Union.                  

9.Member States shall ensure that CNG refuelling points for motor vehicles deployed or renewed as from 18 November 2017 comply                        with the technical specifications set out in point 3.4 of Annex II.                  

10.Without prejudice to Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012, the Union shall pursue the development by the relevant European or international                        standardisation organisations of standards, including detailed technical specifications, for:                  

(a)refuelling points for LNG for maritime and inland waterway transport;                  

(b)refuelling points for LNG and CNG motor vehicles.                  

11.The Commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 8 to:                  

(a)supplement this Article and points 3.1, 3.2 and 3.4 of Annex II, in order to require compliance of the infrastructures to                        be deployed or renewed with the technical specifications contained in the standards to be developed pursuant to points (a)                        and (b) of paragraph 10 of this Article, where the relevant ESOs have recommended only one technical solution with technical                        specifications as described in a relevant European standard compatible with the relevant international standards, where applicable;                  

(b)update the references to the standards referred to in the technical specifications set out or to be set out in point 3 of                        Annex II where those standards are replaced by new versions thereof adopted by the relevant European or international standardisation organisations.                  

It is of particular importance that the Commission follow its usual practice and carry out consultations with experts, including                     Member States' experts, before adopting those delegated acts.                  

Those delegated acts shall provide for transitional periods of at least 24 months before the technical specifications contained                     therein, or amendments thereof, become binding on the infrastructure to be deployed or renewed.                  

12.In the absence of a standard containing detailed technical specifications for refuelling points for LNG for maritime and inland                        waterway transport, referred to in point (a) of paragraph 10, and in particular in the absence of those specifications relating                        to bunkering of LNG, the Commission, taking into account the work ongoing within the IMO, the CCNR, the Danube Commission                        and other relevant international fora, shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 8 to lay down:                  
          -  requirements for interfaces of bunker transfer of LNG in maritime and inland waterway transport, 
          -  requirements related to safety aspects of the onshore storage and bunkering procedure of LNG in maritime and inland waterway                           transport.                         

It is of particular importance that the Commission follow its usual practice and carry out consultations with relevant groups                     of experts on maritime transport and on inland waterway transport, including experts from national maritime or inland navigation                     authorities, before adopting those delegated acts.                  

## Article 7U.K.User information

1.Without prejudice to Directive 2009/30/EC, Member States shall ensure that relevant, consistent and clear information is made                        available as regards those motor vehicles which can be regularly fuelled with individual fuels placed on the market, or recharged                        by recharging points. Such information shall be made available in motor vehicle manuals, at refuelling and recharging points,                        on motor vehicles and in motor vehicle dealerships in their territory. This requirement shall apply to all motor vehicles,                        and their motor vehicle manuals, placed on the market after 18 November 2016.                  

2.The supply of information referred to in paragraph 1 shall be based on the labelling provisions regarding fuel compliance                        under standards of the ESOs setting the technical specifications of fuels. Where such standards refer to a graphical expression,                        including a colour coding scheme, the graphical expression shall be simple and easy to understand, and it shall be placed                        in a clearly visible manner:                  

(a)on corresponding pumps and their nozzles at all refuelling points, as from the date on which fuels are placed on the market;                  

(b)on or in the immediate proximity of all fuel tanks' filling caps of motor vehicles recommended and compatible with that fuel                        and in motor vehicle manuals, when such motor vehicles are placed on the market after 18 November 2016.                  

3.Where appropriate, and in particular for natural gas and hydrogen, when fuel prices are displayed at a fuel station, a comparison                        between the relevant unit prices shall be displayed for information purposes. The display of this information shall not mislead                        or confuse the user.                  

In order to increase consumer awareness and provide for fuel price transparency in a consistent way across the Union, the                     Commission shall be empowered to adopt, by means of implementing acts, a common methodology for alternative fuels unit price                     comparison.                  

4.Where ESO standards setting technical specifications of a fuel do not include labelling provisions for compliance with the                        standards in question, where the labelling provisions do not refer to a graphical expression including colour coding schemes,                        or where the labelling provisions are not suitable for attaining the objectives of this Directive, the Commission may, for                        the purposes of the uniform implementation of paragraphs 1 and 2, mandate ESOs to develop compatibility labelling specifications,                        or may adopt implementing acts determining the graphical expression, including a colour coding scheme, of compatibility for                        fuels introduced in the Union market which reach the level of 1 % of the total volume of sales, in the assessment of the Commission,                        in more than one Member State.                  

5.If labelling provisions of the respective ESO standards are updated, if implementing acts regarding the labelling are adopted                        or if new ESO standards for alternative fuels are developed as necessary, the corresponding labelling requirements shall apply                        to all refuelling and recharging points and motor vehicles registered on the territory of the Member States as of 24 months                        after their respective updating or adoption.                  

6.The implementing acts referred to in this Article shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to                        in Article 9(2).                  

7.Member States shall ensure that, when available, the data indicating the geographic location of the refuelling and recharging                        points accessible to the public of alternative fuels covered by this Directive are accessible on an open and non-discriminatory                        basis to all users. For recharging points, such data, when available, may include information on real-time accessibility as                        well as historical and real-time charging information.                  

## Article 8U.K.Exercise of the delegation

1.The power to adopt delegated acts is conferred on the Commission subject to the conditions laid down in this Article.                  

2.The power to adopt delegated acts referred to in Articles 4, 5 and 6 shall be conferred on the Commission for a period of                        five years from 17 November 2014. The Commission shall draw up a report in respect of the delegation of power not later than                        nine months before the end of the five-year period. The delegation of power shall be tacitly extended for periods of an identical                        duration, unless the European Parliament or the Council opposes such extension not later than three months before the end                        of each period.                  

3.The delegation of power referred in Articles 4, 5 and 6 may be revoked at any time by the European Parliament or by the Council.                        A decision to revoke shall put an end to the delegation of the power specified in that decision. It shall take effect the                        day following the publication of the decision in the *Official Journal of the European Union* or at a later date specified therein. It shall not affect the validity of any delegated acts already in force.                  

4.As soon as it adopts a delegated act, the Commission shall notify it simultaneously to the European Parliament and to the                        Council.                  

5.A delegated act adopted pursuant to Articles 4, 5 and 6 shall enter into force only if no objection has been expressed either                        by the European Parliament or the Council within a period of two months of notification of that act to the European Parliament                        and the Council or if, before the expiry of that period, the European Parliament and the Council have both informed the Commission                        that they will not object. That period shall be extended by three months at the initiative of the European Parliament or of                        the Council.                  

## Article 9U.K.Committee procedure

1.The Commission shall be assisted by a committee. That committee shall be a committee within the meaning of Regulation (EU)                        No 182/2011.                  

2.Where reference is made to this paragraph, Article 5 of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 shall apply. Where the committee delivers                        no opinion, the Commission shall not adopt the draft implementing act and the third subparagraph of Article 5(4) of Regulation                        (EU) No 182/2011 shall apply.                  

3.Where the opinion of the committee is to be obtained by written procedure, that procedure shall be terminated without result                        when, within the time limit for delivery of the opinion, the chair of the committee so decides or a simple majority of committee                        members so request.                  

## Article 10U.K.Reporting and review

1.Each Member State shall submit to the Commission a report on the implementation of its national policy framework by 18 November                        2019, and every three years thereafter. Those reports shall cover the information listed in Annex I and shall, where appropriate,                        include a relevant justification regarding the level of attainment of the national targets and objectives referred to in Article 3(1).                  

2.By 18 November 2017, the Commission shall submit to the European Parliament and to the Council a report on the assessment                        of the national policy frameworks and their coherence at Union level, including an evaluation of the level of attainment of                        the national targets and objectives referred to in Article 3(1).                  

3.The Commission shall submit a report on the application of this Directive to the European Parliament and to the Council every                        three years with effect from 18 November 2020.                  

The Commission report shall contain the following elements:
          -  an assessment of the actions taken by Member States, 
          -  an assessment of the effects of this Directive on the development of the market as regards alternative fuels infrastructure                           and its contribution to the market of alternative fuels for transport, as well as its impact on the economy and the environment,                         
          -  information on technical progress and the development of the market as regards alternative fuels in the transport sector and                           of the relevant infrastructure covered by this Directive and of any other alternative fuel.                         

The Commission may outline examples of best practices and make appropriate recommendations.

The Commission report shall also assess the requirements and the dates set out in this Directive in respect of the infrastructure                     build-up and implementation of specifications, taking into account the technical, economic and market developments of the                     respective alternative fuels, accompanied if appropriate by a legislative proposal.                  

4.The Commission shall adopt guidelines concerning the reporting by the Member States of the elements listed in Annex I.                  

5.By 31 December 2020, the Commission shall review the implementation of this Directive, and, as appropriate, submit a proposal                        to amend it by laying down new common technical specifications for alternative fuels infrastructure within the scope of this                        Directive.                  

6.By 31 December 2018, the Commission shall, if it considers it appropriate, adopt an Action Plan for the implementation of                        the strategy set out in the Communication entitled ‘Clean Power for Transport: A European alternative fuels strategy’ in order                        to achieve the broadest possible use of alternative fuels for transport, while ensuring technological neutrality, and to promote                        sustainable electric mobility throughout the Union. To that end, it may take into account individual market needs and developments                        in the Member States.                  

## Article 11U.K.Transposition

1.Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive                        by 18 November 2016. They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof.                  

2.When Member States adopt those provisions, they shall contain a reference to this Directive, or be accompanied by such a reference                        on the occasion of their official publication. The methods of making such reference shall be laid down by Member States.                  

3.Member States shall communicate to the Commission the text of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the                        field covered by this Directive.                  

## Article 12U.K.Entry into force

This Directive shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the *Official Journal of the European Union*.                  

## Article 13U.K.Addressees

This Directive is addressed to the Member States.

Done at Strasbourg, 22 October 2014.

*For the European Parliament*                            

*The President*                            

M. Schulz                            

*For the Council*                            

*The President*                            

B. Della Vedova                            

## ANNEX IU.K.REPORT

The report shall contain a description of the measures taken in a Member State in support of alternative fuels infrastructure                     build-up. The report shall include at least the following elements:                  

### 1.**Legal measures**U.K.

Information on legal measures, which may consist of legislative, regulatory or administrative measures to support the build-up                     of alternative fuels infrastructure, such as building permits, parking lot permits, certification of the environmental performance                     of businesses and fuel stations concessions.                  

### 2.**Policy measures supporting the implementation of the national policy framework**U.K.

Information on those measures shall include the following elements:
          -  direct incentives for the purchase of means of transport using alternative fuels or for building the infrastructure, 
          -  availability of tax incentives to promote means of transport using alternative fuels and the relevant infrastructure, 
          -  use of public procurement in support of alternative fuels, including joint procurement, 
          -  demand-side non-financial incentives, for example preferential access to restricted areas, parking policy and dedicated lanes, 
          -  consideration of the need for renewable jet fuel refuelling points in airports within the TEN-T Core Network, 
          -  technical and administrative procedures and legislation with regard to the authorisation of alternative fuels supply, in order                           to facilitate the authorisation process.                         

### 3.**Deployment and manufacturing support**U.K.

Annual public budget allocated for alternative fuels infrastructure deployment, broken down by alternative fuel and by transport                     mode (road, rail, water and air).                  

Annual public budget allocated to support manufacturing plants for alternative fuels technologies, broken down by alternative                     fuel and by transport mode.                  

Consideration of any particular needs during the initial phase of the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructures.

### 4.**Research, technological development and demonstration (RTD&D)**U.K.

Annual public budget allocated to support alternative fuels RTD&D, broken down by fuel and by transport mode.

### 5.**Targets and objectives**U.K.

          -  estimation of the number of alternative fuel vehicles expected by 2020, 2025 and 2030, 
          -  level of achievement of the national objectives for the deployment of alternative fuels in the different transport modes (road,                           rail, water and air),                         
          -  level of achievement of the national targets, year by year, for the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure in the                           different transport modes,                         
          -  information on the methodology applied to take account of the charging efficiency of high power recharging points. 

### 6.**Alternative fuels infrastructure developments**U.K.

Changes in supply (additional infrastructure capacity) and demand (capacity actually used).

## ANNEX IIU.K.TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

### 1.**Technical specifications for recharging points**U.K.

#### 1.1.Normal power recharging points for motor vehiclesU.K.

Alternating current (AC) normal power recharging points for electric vehicles shall be equipped, for interoperability purposes,                     at least with socket outlets or vehicle connectors of Type 2 as described in standard EN 62196-2. While maintaining the Type 2                     compatibility, those socket outlets may be equipped with features such as mechanical shutters.                  

#### 1.2.High power recharging points for motor vehiclesU.K.

Alternating current (AC) high power recharging points for electric vehicles shall be equipped, for interoperability purposes,                     at least with connectors of Type 2 as described in standard EN 62196-2.                  

Direct current (DC) high power recharging points for electric vehicles shall be equipped, for interoperability purposes, at                     least with connectors of the combined charging system ‘Combo 2’ as described in standard EN 62196-3.                  

#### 1.3.Wireless recharging points for motor vehiclesU.K.

#### 1.4.Battery swapping for motor vehiclesU.K.

#### 1.5.Recharging points for L-category motor vehiclesU.K.

#### 1.6.Recharging points for electric busesU.K.

#### 1.7.Shore-side electricity supply for seagoing shipsU.K.

Shore-side electricity supply for seagoing ships, including the design, installation and testing of the systems, shall comply                     with the technical specifications of the IEC/ISO/IEEE 80005-1 standard.                  

#### 1.8.Shore-side electricity supply for inland waterway vesselsU.K.

### 2.**Technical specifications for hydrogen refuelling points for motor vehicles**U.K.

#### 2.1.Outdoor hydrogen refuelling points dispensing gaseous hydrogen used as fuel on board motor vehicles shall comply with the                        technical specifications of the ISO/TS 20100 Gaseous Hydrogen Fuelling specification.U.K.

#### 2.2.The hydrogen purity dispensed by hydrogen refuelling points shall comply with the technical specifications included in the                        ISO 14687-2 standard.U.K.

#### 2.3.Hydrogen refuelling points shall employ fuelling algorithms and equipment complying with the ISO/TS 20100 Gaseous Hydrogen                        Fuelling specification.U.K.

#### 2.4.Connectors for motor vehicles for the refuelling of gaseous hydrogen shall comply with the ISO 17268 gaseous hydrogen motor                        vehicle refuelling connection devices standard.U.K.

### 3.**Technical specifications for natural gas refuelling points**U.K.

#### 3.1.Technical specifications for refuelling points for LNG for inland waterway vessels or sea-going shipsU.K.

#### 3.2.Technical specifications for refuelling points for LNG for motor vehiclesU.K.

#### 3.3.Technical specifications for CNG connectors/receptaclesU.K.

CNG connectors/receptacles shall comply with UNECE Regulation No 110 (referring to ISO 14469, parts I and II).

#### 3.4.Technical specifications for CNG refuelling points for motor vehiclesU.K.

1

OJ C 271, 19.9.2013, p. 111.                           

2

OJ C 280, 27.9.2013, p. 66.                           

3

Position of the European Parliament of 15 April 2014 (not yet published in the Official Journal) and decision of the Council                              of 29 September 2014.                           

4

Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy                              from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC (OJ L 140, 5.6.2009, p. 16).                           

5

Regulation (EU) No 1316/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2013 establishing the Connecting                              Europe Facility, amending Regulation (EU) No 913/2010 and repealing Regulations (EC) No 680/2007 and (EC) No 67/2010 (OJ L 348, 20.12.2013, p. 129).                           

6

Regulation (EU) No 1291/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2013 establishing Horizon 2020 —                              the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (2014-2020) and repealing Decision No 1982/2006/EC (OJ L 347, 20.12.2013, p. 104).                           

7

Regulation (EU) No 1315/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2013 on Union guidelines for the                              development of the trans-European transport network and repealing Decision No 661/2010/EU (OJ L 348, 20.12.2013, p. 1).                           

8

Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 September 2007 establishing a framework for the approval                              of motor vehicles and their trailers, and of systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles (Framework                              Directive) (OJ L 263, 9.10.2007, p. 1).                           

9

Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 January 2013 on the approval and market surveillance                              of two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles (OJ L 60, 2.3.2013, p. 52).                           

10

Directive 2012/27/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency, amending Directives                              2009/125/EC and 2010/30/EU and repealing Directives 2004/8/EC and 2006/32/EC (OJ L 315, 14.11.2012, p. 1).                           

11

Directive 2009/72/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 concerning common rules for the internal                              market in electricity and repealing Directive 2003/54/EC (OJ L 211, 14.8.2009, p. 55).                           

12

Directive 2012/33/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 November 2012 amending Council Directive 1999/32/EC                              as regards the sulphur content of marine fuels (OJ L 327, 27.11.2012, p. 1).                           

13

Directive 2008/68/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 September 2008 on the inland transport of dangerous                              goods (OJ L 260, 30.9.2008, p. 13).                           

14

Directive 2006/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006 laying down technical requirements                              for inland waterway vessels and repealing Council Directive 82/714/EEC (OJ L 389, 30.12.2006, p. 1).                           

15

Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 June 2009 on type-approval of motor vehicles                              and engines with respect to emissions from heavy duty vehicles (Euro VI) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information                              and amending Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 and Directive 2007/46/EC and repealing Directives 80/1269/EEC, 2005/55/EC and 2005/78/EC                              (OJ L 188, 18.7.2009, p. 1).                           

16

Directive 2009/30/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 amending Directive 98/70/EC as regards                              the specification of petrol, diesel and gas-oil and introducing a mechanism to monitor and reduce greenhouse gas emissions                              and amending Council Directive 1999/32/EC as regards the specification of fuel used by inland waterway vessels and repealing                              Directive 93/12/EEC (OJ L 140, 5.6.2009, p. 88).                           

17

Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on European Standardisation,                              amending Council Directives 89/686/EEC and 93/15/EEC and Directives 94/9/EC, 94/25/EC, 95/16/EC, 97/23/EC, 98/34/EC, 2004/22/EC,                              2007/23/EC, 2009/23/EC and 2009/105/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Council Decision 87/95/EEC                              and Decision No 1673/2006/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 316, 14.11.2012, p. 12).                           

18

Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 February 2011 laying down the rules and general                              principles concerning mechanisms for control by Member States of the Commission's exercise of implementing powers (OJ L 55, 28.2.2011, p. 13).