COURT OF APPEALS

EIGHTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

EL PASO, TEXAS

RICK MILTEER,

 Appellant,

v.

WESTERN RIM CORPORATION AND

WESTERN RIM PROPERTY

MANAGEMENT,

 Appellees.

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No. 08-08-00124-CV

Appeal from the

219th District Court

of Collin County, Texas

(TC#219-526-07)

O P I N I O N

Appellant, Rick Milteer, appeals the trial court’s rendition of summary judgment in favor of

Appellees, Western Rim Corporation and Western Rim PropertyManagement (“Rim”), in Milteer’s

suit against Rim for premises liability and gross negligence. Finding Appellant failed to adequately

brief his issues, we determine that nothing is presented for review and therefore affirm the trial

court’s judgment.

BACKGROUND

The factual background and proceedings are well known to the parties, and we do not recite

them here in detail. An abbreviated recitation shows that when Appellant moved into his apartment

on July 9, 2006, his wife and the leasing consultants manually opened the leased garage door since

the remote was not working. Later that day, the garage door closed on Appellant, causing injuries. 

After Appellant filed his petition alleging premise liability and gross negligence, Rim filed

answers, denying his allegations, and claimed the incident was unavoidable or unforeseeable, or

caused by the acts or omissions of Appellant or some other party. Rim later filed a motion for
summary judgment, and Appellant responded. After notice of hearing, the trial court granted

summary judgment in favor of Rim.

DISCUSSION

Appellant, appearing pro se, contends in three issues that the trial court’s decision to sanction

him was retaliatory, that the trial court failed to consider his summary-judgment evidence, and that

the trial court improperly denied his request to continue the case before final judgment was entered. 

We need not reach any of Appellant’s complaints as we find them inadequately briefed.

Initially, we recognize that Appellant is acting pro se on appeal, and that we must construe

his appellate brief liberally. See Sterner v. Marathon Oil Co., 767 S.W.2d 686, 690 (Tex. 1989). 

However, the law is well-settled that a party proceeding pro se must comply with all applicable

procedural rules. Valadez v. Avitia, 238 S.W.3d 843, 845 (Tex. App.–El Paso 2007, no pet.); Sweed

v. City of El Paso, 195 S.W.3d 784, 786 (Tex. App.–El Paso 2006, no pet.); Clemens v. Allen, 47

S.W.3d 26, 28 (Tex. App.–Amarillo 2000, no pet.); Weaver v. E-Z Mart Stores, Inc., 942 S.W.2d

167, 169 (Tex. App.–Texarkana 1997, no pet.); Harris v. Showcase Chevrolet, 231 S.W.3d 559, 561

(Tex. App.–Dallas 2007, no pet.). If that were not the case, pro se litigants would be afforded an

unfair advantage over those represented by counsel. Valadez, 238 S.W.3d at 845; Martinez v. El

Paso County, 218 S.W.3d 841, 844 (Tex. App.–El Paso 2007, pet. struck); Holt v. F.F. Enterprises,

990 S.W.2d 756, 759 (Tex. App.–Amarillo 1998, pet. denied). Therefore, on appeal, the pro se

litigant must properly present his case. Valadez, 238 S.W.3d at 845; Martinez, 218 S.W.3d at 844;

Strange v. Continental Cas. Co., 126 S.W.3d 676, 678 (Tex. App.–Dallas 2004, pet. denied);

Plummer v. Reeves, 93 S.W.3d 930, 931 (Tex. App.–Amarillo 2003, pet. denied).

The rules of appellate procedure require Appellant’s brief to contain “a clear and concise

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argument for the contentions made, with appropriate citations to authorities and to the record.” TEX.

R. APP. P. 38.1(i). When the appellate issue is unsupported by argument or lacks citation to the

record or legal authority, nothing is presented for review. Republic Underwriters Ins. Co. v.

Mex-Tex, Inc., 150 S.W.3d 423, 427 (Tex. 2004); Valadez, 238 S.W.3d at 843; Martinez, 218

S.W.3d at 844; Plummer, 93 S.W.3d at 931; Nguyen v. Kosnoski, 93 S.W.3d 186, 188 (Tex.

App.–Houston [14th Dist.] 2002, no pet.). As we noted in Valadez:

It is the Appellant’s burden to discuss her assertions of error. An appellate court has

no duty – or even right – to perform an independent review of the record and

applicable law to determine whether there was error. Were we to do so, even on

behalf of a pro se appellant, we would be abandoning our role as neutral adjudicators

and become an advocate for that party.

Valadez, 238 S.W.3d at 845 (citations omitted).

Here, Appellant provided no record citations for any of his issues. Moreover, his first and

third issues are merely brief conclusory statements unsupported by legal citations. And his second

issue, although containing legal authority for the standard of review and applicable law on premises

liability, provided no discussion or argument of the cases cited or explanation of how those cases

supported his specific contentions. We therefore overrule his complaints as inadequately briefed.

See TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1; Kupchynsky v. Nardiello, 230 S.W.3d 685, 692 (Tex. App.–Dallas 2007,

pet. denied) (issue inadequately briefed when party gave general cite to one case stating elements of

cause of action); Sterling v. Alexander, 99 S.W.3d 793, 799 (Tex. App.–Houston [14th Dist.] 2003,

pet. denied)(issue inadequately briefed when party failed to make proper citations to authority or the

record and in failing to make a cogent argument); Wheeler v. Methodist Hosp., 95 S.W.3d 628, 646

(Tex. App.–Houston [1st Dist.] 2002, no pet.) (issue inadequately briefed when party did little more

than summarily state his point of error, without citations to legal authority or substantive analysis);

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Velasquez v. Waste Connections, Inc., 169 S.W.3d 432, 436 (Tex. App.–El Paso 2005, no pet.) (issue

inadequately briefed when argument did not contain any references to relevant cases or legal

principles).

The trial court’s judgment is affirmed.

GUADALUPE RIVERA, Justice

December 16, 2009

Before McClure, J., Rivera, J., and Chew, Judge

Chew, Judge sitting by assignment

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