DLD-135 NOT PRECEDENTIAL

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

___________

No. 16-4262

___________

ENRIQUE TORRUELLA-TORRES,

Appellant

v.

FORT DIX FCI; FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION; 

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE

____________________________________

On Appeal from the United States District Court

for the District of Delaware

(D.C. Civil No. 1-16-cv-00920)

District Judge: Honorable Sue L. Robinson

____________________________________

Submitted for Possible Dismissal Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B) or 

Summary Action Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6

February 16, 2017

Before: CHAGARES, VANASKIE and KRAUSE, Circuit Judges

(Opinion filed: March 9, 2017)

_________

OPINION*

_________

PER CURIAM

 

* This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not 

constitute binding precedent.
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Enrique Torruella-Torres appeals, pro se and in forma pauperis, the District 

Court’s sua sponte dismissal of his Bivens action as time-barred, and denial of leave to 

amend. Because no substantial question is presented, we will summarily affirm. 

In October 2016, Enrique Torruella-Torres filed a complaint in the United States 

District Court for the District of Delaware. He alleged that, while incarcerated at FCI 

Fort Dix in May 2014, he suffered injuries at the hands of a former co-defendant against 

whom he had previously cooperated with the government. And he alleged that his 

presence in that prison, and subsequent injuries, were attributable to the Department of 

Justice, Bureau of Prisons, and Fort Dix Correctional Institution’s unconstitutional 

conduct. The District Court sua sponte dismissed the complaint as legally frivolous 

under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(i) and § 1915A(b)(1), holding that Torruella-Torres’ 

claim was barred by the applicable statute of limitations. The District Court also denied 

leave to amend due to futility. Torruella-Torres timely appealed.

We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and exercise plenary review 

over the dismissal of Torruella-Torres’ claim as frivolous. See Roman v. Jeffes, 904 F.2d 

192, 194 (3d Cir. 1990). The decision to deny leave to amend is reviewed for abuse of 

discretion. Great W. Mining & Mineral Co. v. Fox Rothschild LLP, 615 F.3d 159, 163 

(3d Cir. 2010). We may affirm on any grounds supported by the record. Hughes v. 

Long, 242 F.3d 121, 122 n.1 (3d Cir. 2001). 

While the running of the statute of limitations is ordinarily an affirmative defense, 

a court may dismiss a time-barred complaint sua sponte if it is obvious from the face of 
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the complaint and no development of the record is necessary. See 28 U.S.C. § 

1915(e)(2)(B)(i); Fogle v. Pierson, 435 F.3d 1252, 1258 (10th Cir. 2006). Bivens actions 

are subject to a two-year limitations period in both Delaware and New Jersey.1 10 Del. 

C. § 8119; N.J.S.A. 2A:14-2; see also King v. One Unknown Fed. Corr. Officer, 201 F.3d 

910, 913 (7th Cir. 2000). Bivens claims accrue when the plaintiff knew or should have 

known of the injury upon which his action is based. Sameric Corp. v. City of 

Philadelphia, 142 F.3d 582, 599 (3d Cir. 1998); see also Sandutch v. Muroski, 684 F.2d 

252, 254 (3d Cir. 1982) (per curiam) (holding that a federal cause of action accrues when 

the plaintiff is aware, or should be aware, of the existence of and source of the injury, not 

when the potential claimant knows or should know that the injury constitutes a legal 

wrong), abrogated on other grounds by Klehr v. A.O. Smith Corp., 521 U.S. 179 (1997).

Torruella-Torres was injured in May 2014. His complaint states that he 

recognized his co-defendant as one of the perpetrators at that time. Thus he was aware of 

the existence and source of his injury in May 2014, even though he alleges he only 

discovered Defendants’ unconstitutional conduct later, after an investigation. See

Sameric Corp., 142 F.3d at 599; Sandutch, 684 F.2d at 254. So, the two-year limitation 

period began in May 2014 and expired in May 2016, see Sameric Corp., 142 F.3d at 599, 

and Torruella-Torres’ October 2016 complaint was late. This determination is apparent 

from the face of the complaint and requires no factual development. See Fogle, 435 F.3d 

 

1 The District Court considered the limitations period in both states because the complaint 

was filed in Delaware and the alleged assault occurred in New Jersey. 
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at 1258. Thus the complaint was properly dismissed as time-barred. See id.; 28 U.S.C. § 

1915(e)(2)(B)(i); § 1915A(b)(1). Amendment would be futile because nothing TorruellaTorres could state would change the outcome – he knew who injured him when the injury 

occurred and did not complain until the time to do so had passed. The District Court was 

thus within its discretion to deny leave to amend. 

Because no substantial question is raised on appeal, we will summarily affirm the 

District Court’s judgment.