# Commission Implementing Decision of 9 October 2014 establishing best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, under Directive            2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on industrial emissions, for the refining of mineral oil and gas            (notified under document C(2014) 7155) (Text with EEA relevance) (2014/738/EU)         

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U.K.

# Commission Implementing Decision

# of 9 October 2014

# establishing best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the                        Council on industrial emissions, for the refining of mineral oil and gas                     

# *(notified under document C(2014) 7155)*

# (Text with EEA relevance)

# (2014/738/EU)

THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,

Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,

Having regard to Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions                           (integrated pollution prevention and control)(1), and in particular Article 13(5) thereof,                        

Whereas:

(1)Article 13(1) of Directive 2010/75/EU requires the Commission to organise an exchange of information on industrial emissions                              between it and Member States, the industries concerned and non-governmental organisations promoting environmental protection                              in order to facilitate the drawing up of best available techniques (BAT) reference documents as defined in Article 3(11) of                              that Directive.

(2)In accordance with Article 13(2) of Directive 2010/75/EU, the exchange of information is to address the performance of installations                              and techniques in terms of emissions, expressed as short- and long-term averages, where appropriate, and the associated reference                              conditions, consumption and nature of raw materials, water consumption, use of energy and generation of waste and the techniques                              used, associated monitoring, cross-media effects, economic and technical viability and developments therein and best available                              techniques and emerging techniques identified after considering the issues mentioned in points (a) and (b) of Article 13(2)                              of that Directive.

(3)‘BAT conclusions’ as defined in Article 3(12) of Directive 2010/75/EU are the key element of BAT reference documents and lay                              down the conclusions on best available techniques, their description, information to assess their applicability, the emission                              levels associated with the best available techniques, associated monitoring, associated consumption levels and, where appropriate,                              relevant site remediation measures.

(4)In accordance with Article 14(3) of Directive 2010/75/EU, BAT conclusions are to be the reference for setting permit conditions                              for installations covered by Chapter II of that Directive.

(5)Article 15(3) of Directive 2010/75/EU requires the competent authority to set emission limit values that ensure that, under                              normal operating conditions, emissions do not exceed the emission levels associated with the best available techniques as                              laid down in the decisions on BAT conclusions referred to in Article 13(5) of Directive 2010/75/EU.

(6)Article 15(4) of Directive 2010/75/EU provides for derogations from the requirement laid down in Article 15(3) only where                              the costs associated with the achievement of the emission levels associated with the BAT disproportionately outweigh the environmental                              benefits due to the geographical location, the local environmental conditions or the technical characteristics of the installation                              concerned.

(7)Article 16(1) of Directive 2010/75/EU provides that the monitoring requirements in the permit referred to in point (c) of                              Article 14(1) of the Directive are to be based on the conclusions on monitoring as described in the BAT conclusions.

(8)In accordance with Article 21(3) of Directive 2010/75/EU, within 4 years of publication of decisions on BAT conclusions, the                              competent authority is to reconsider and, if necessary, update all the permit conditions and ensure that the installation                              complies with those permit conditions.

(9)The Commission established a forum composed of representatives of Member States, the industries concerned and non-governmental                              organisations promoting environmental protection by Decision of 16 May 2011 establishing a forum for the exchange of information                              pursuant to Article 13 of Directive 2010/75/EU on industrial emissions(2).

(10)In accordance with Article 13(4) of Directive 2010/75/EU, the Commission obtained the opinion of the forum, established by                              Decision of 16 May 2011, on the proposed content of the BAT reference document for the refining of mineral oil and gas on                              20 September 2013 and made it publicly available.

(11)The measures provided for in this Decision are in accordance with the opinion of the Committee established by Article 75(1)                              of Directive 2010/75/EU,

HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:

# Article 1U.K.

The BAT conclusions for the refining of mineral oil and gas, as set out in the Annex, are adopted.

# Article 2U.K.

This Decision is addressed to the Member States.

Done at Brussels, 9 October 2014.

*For the Commission*                            

Janez Potočnik                            

*Member of the Commission*                            

## ANNEXU.K.BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR THE REFINING OF MINERAL OIL AND GAS

### SCOPEU.K.

These BAT conclusions cover certain industrial activities specified in Section 1.2 of Annex I to Directive 2010/75/EU, namely                     ‘1.2. Refining of mineral oil and gas’.                  

In particular, these BAT conclusions cover the following processes and activities:

These BAT conclusions do not address the following activities or processes:
          -  the exploration and production of crude oil and natural gas; 
          -  the transportation of crude oil and natural gas; 
          -  the marketing and distribution of products. 

Other reference documents which may be relevant for the activities covered by these BAT conclusions are the following:

### GENERAL CONSIDERATIONSU.K.

The techniques listed and described in these BAT conclusions are neither prescriptive nor exhaustive. Other techniques may                     be used that ensure at least an equivalent level of environmental protection.                  

Unless otherwise stated, these BAT conclusions are generally applicable.

#### **Averaging periods and reference conditions for emissions to air**U.K.

Unless stated otherwise, emission levels associated with the best available techniques (BAT-AELs) for emissions to air given                     in these BAT conclusions refer to concentrations, expressed as mass of emitted substance per volume of waste gas under the                     following standard conditions: dry gas, temperature of 273,15 K, pressure of 101,3 kPa.                  

For combustion units, catalytic cracking processes, and waste gas sulphur recovery units, reference conditions for oxygen                     are shown in Table 1.                  

##### *Table 1*

**Reference conditions for BAT-AELs concerning emissions to air**

#### **Conversion of emissions concentration to reference oxygen level**U.K.

The formula for calculating the emissions concentration at a reference oxygen level (see Table 1) is shown below.

Where:

:

emissions concentration referred to the reference oxygen level OR                      

:

reference oxygen level

:

emissions concentration referred to the measured oxygen level OM                      

:

measured oxygen level.

#### **Averaging periods and reference conditions for emissions to water**U.K.

Unless stated otherwise, emission levels associated with the best available techniques (BAT-AELs) for emissions to water given                     in these BAT conclusions refer to values of concentration (mass of emitted substances per volume of water) expressed in mg/l.                  

Unless stated otherwise, the averaging periods associated with the BAT-AELs are defined as follows:

### DEFINITIONSU.K.

For the purpose of these BAT conclusions, the following definitions apply:

#### 1.1.**General BAT conclusions for the refining of mineral oil and gas**U.K.

The process-specific BAT conclusions included in Sections 1.2 to 1.19 apply in addition to the general BAT conclusions mentioned                     in this section.                  

##### 1.1.1.*Environmental management systems*U.K.

###### BAT 1.In order to improve the overall environmental performance of plants for the refining of mineral oil and gas, BAT is to implement                        and adhere to an environmental management system (EMS) that incorporates all of the following features:U.K.

commitment of the management, including senior management;

definition of an environmental policy that includes the continuous improvement for the installation by the management;

planning and establishing the necessary procedures, objectives and targets, in conjunction with financial planning and investment;

implementation of the procedures paying particular attention to:

structure and responsibility

training, awareness and competence

communication

employee involvement

documentation

efficient process control

maintenance programmes

emergency preparedness and response

safeguarding compliance with environmental legislation.

checking performance and taking corrective action, paying particular attention to:

monitoring and measurement (see also the reference document on the General Principles of Monitoring)

corrective and preventive action

maintenance of records

independent (where practicable) internal and external auditing in order to determine whether or not the EMS conforms to planned                                       arrangements and has been properly implemented and maintained;                                    

review of the EMS and its continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness by senior management;

following the development of cleaner technologies;

consideration for the environmental impacts from the eventual decommissioning of the installation at the stage of designing                              a new plant, and throughout its operating life;                           

application of sectoral benchmarking on a regular basis.

###### *Applicability*U.K.

The scope (e.g. level of detail) and nature of the EMS (e.g. standardised or non-standardised) will generally be related to                     the nature, scale and complexity of the installation, and the range of environmental impacts it may have.                  

##### 1.1.2.*Energy efficiency*U.K.

###### BAT 2.In order to use energy efficiently, BAT is to use an appropriate combination of the techniques given below.U.K.

##### 1.1.3.*Solid materials storage and handling*U.K.

###### BAT 3.In order to prevent or, where that is not practicable, to reduce dust emissions from the storage and handling of dusty materials,                        BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below:U.K.

store bulk powder materials in enclosed silos equipped with a dust abatement system (e.g. fabric filter);

store fine materials in enclosed containers or sealed bags;

keep stockpiles of coarse dusty material wetted, stabilise the surface with crusting agents, or store under cover in stockpiles;

use road cleaning vehicles.

##### 1.1.4.*Monitoring of emissions to air and key process parameters*U.K.

###### BAT 4.BAT is to monitor emissions to air by using the monitoring techniques with at least the minimum frequency given below and                        in accordance with EN standards. If EN standards are not available, BAT is to use ISO, national or other international standards                        that ensure the provision of data of an equivalent scientific quality.U.K.

###### BAT 5.BAT is to monitor the relevant process parameters linked to pollutant emissions, at catalytic cracking and combustion units                        by using appropriate techniques and with at least the frequency given below.U.K.

###### BAT 6.BAT is to monitor diffuse VOC emissions to air from the entire site by using all of the following techniques:U.K.

sniffing methods associated with correlation curves for key equipment;

optical gas imaging techniques;

calculations of chronic emissions based on emissions factors periodically (e.g. once every two years) validated by measurements.

The screening and quantification of site emissions by periodic campaigns with optical absorption-based techniques, such as                     differential absorption light detection and ranging (DIAL) or solar occultation flux (SOF) is a useful complementary technique.                  

###### *Description*U.K.

See Section 1.20.6.

##### 1.1.5.*Operation of waste gas treatment systems*U.K.

###### BAT 7.In order to prevent or reduce emissions to air, BAT is to operate the acid gas removal units, sulphur recovery units and all                        other waste gas treatment systems with a high availability and at optimal capacity.U.K.

###### *Description*U.K.

Special procedures can be defined for other than normal operating conditions, in particular:

during start-up and shutdown operations;

during other circumstances that could affect the proper functioning of the systems (e.g. regular and extraordinary maintenance                              work and cleaning operations of the units and/or of the waste gas treatment system);                           

in case of insufficient waste gas flow or temperature which prevents the use of the waste gas treatment system at full capacity.

###### BAT 8.In order to prevent and reduce ammonia (NH3) emissions to air when applying selective catalytic reduction (SCR) or selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) techniques,                        BAT is to maintain suitable operating conditions of the SCR or SNCR waste gas treatment systems, with the aim of limiting                        emissions of unreacted NH3.U.K.

BAT-associated emission levels: See Table 2.

###### *Table 2*

**BAT-associated emission levels for ammonia (NH3) emissions to air for a combustion or process unit where SCR or SNCR techniques are used**

###### BAT 9.In order to prevent and reduce emissions to air when using a sour water steam stripping unit, BAT is to route the acid off-gases                        from this unit to an SRU or any equivalent gas treatment system.U.K.

It is *not* BAT to directly incinerate the untreated sour water stripping gases.                  

##### 1.1.6.*Monitoring of emissions to water*U.K.

###### BAT 10.BAT is to monitor emissions to water by using the monitoring techniques with at least the frequency given in Table 3) and                        in accordance with EN standards. If EN standards are not available, BAT is to use ISO, national or other international standards                        that ensure the provision of data of an equivalent scientific quality.U.K.

##### 1.1.7.*Emissions to water*U.K.

###### BAT 11.In order to reduce water consumption and the volume of contaminated water, BAT is to use all of the techniques given below.U.K.

###### BAT 12.In order to reduce the emission load of pollutants in the waste water discharge to the receiving water body, BAT is to remove                        insoluble and soluble polluting substances by using all of the techniques given below.U.K.

BAT-associated emission levels: See Table 3.

###### BAT 13.When further removal of organic substances or nitrogen is needed, BAT is to use an additional treatment step as described                        in Section 1.21.2.U.K.

###### *Table 3*

**BAT-associated emission levels for direct waste water discharges from the refining of mineral oil and gas and monitoring frequencies                           associated with BAT**a

##### 1.1.8.*Waste generation and management*U.K.

###### BAT 14.In order to prevent or, where that is not practicable, to reduce waste generation, BAT is to adopt and implement a waste management                        plan that, in order of priority, ensures that waste is prepared for reuse, recycling, recovery or disposal.U.K.

###### BAT 15.In order to reduce the amount of sludge to be treated or disposed of, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques                        given below.U.K.

###### BAT 16.In order to reduce the generation of spent solid catalyst waste, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given                        below.U.K.

##### 1.1.9.*Noise*U.K.

###### BAT 17.In order to prevent or reduce noise, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below:U.K.

make an environmental noise assessment and formulate a noise management plan as appropriate to the local environment;

enclose noisy equipment/operation in a separate structure/unit;

use embankments to screen the source of noise;

use noise protection walls.

##### 1.1.10.*BAT conclusions for integrated refinery management*U.K.

###### BAT 18.In order to prevent or reduce diffuse VOC emissions, BAT is to apply the techniques given below.U.K.

#### 1.2.**BAT conclusions for the alkylation process**U.K.

##### 1.2.1.*Hydrofluoric acid alkylation process*U.K.

###### BAT 19.In order to prevent hydrofluoric acid (HF) emissions to air from the hydrofluoric acid alkylation process, BAT is to use wet                        scrubbing with alkaline solution to treat incondensable gas streams prior to venting to flare.U.K.

###### *Description*U.K.

See Section 1.20.3.

###### *Applicability:*U.K.

The technique is generally applicable. Safety requirements, due to the hazardous nature of hydrofluoric acid, are to be considered

###### BAT 20.In order to reduce emissions to water from the hydrofluoric acid alkylation process, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques                        given below.U.K.

##### 1.2.2.*Sulphuric acid alkylation process*U.K.

###### BAT 21.In order to reduce the emissions to water from the sulphuric acid alkylation process, BAT is to reduce the use of sulphuric                        acid by regenerating the spent acid and to neutralise the waste water generated by this process before routing to waste water                        treatment.U.K.

#### 1.3.**BAT conclusions for base oil production processes**U.K.

##### BAT 22.In order to prevent and reduce the emissions of hazardous substances to air and water from base oil production processes,                        BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.U.K.

#### 1.4.**BAT conclusions for the bitumen production process**U.K.

##### BAT 23.In order to prevent and reduce emissions to air from the bitumen production process, BAT is to treat the gaseous overhead                        by using one of the techniques given below.U.K.

#### 1.5.**BAT conclusions for the fluid catalytic cracking process**U.K.

###### BAT 24.In order to prevent or reduce NOX emissions to air from the catalytic cracking process (regenerator), BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques                        given below.U.K.

###### I.Primary or process-related techniques, such as:U.K.

###### II.Secondary or end-of-pipe techniques, such as:U.K.

BAT-associated emission levels: See Table 4.

###### *Table 4*

**BAT-associated emission levels for NOX emissions to air from the regenerator in the catalytic cracking process**

The associated monitoring is in BAT 4.

###### BAT 25.In order to reduce dust and metals emissions to air from the catalytic cracking process (regenerator), BAT is to use one or                        a combination of the techniques given below.U.K.

###### I.Primary or process-related techniques, such as:U.K.

###### II.Secondary or end-of-pipe techniques, such as:U.K.

BAT-associated emission levels: See Table 5.

###### *Table 5*

**BAT-associated emission levels for dust emissions to air from the regenerator in the catalytic cracking process**

The associated monitoring is in BAT 4.

###### BAT 26.In order to prevent or reduce SOX emissions to air from the catalytic cracking process (regenerator), BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques                        given below.U.K.

###### I.Primary or process-related techniques, such as:U.K.

###### II.Secondary or end-of-pipe techniques, such as:U.K.

BAT-associated emission levels: See Table 6.

###### *Table 6*

**BAT-associated emission levels for SO2 emissions to air from the regenerator in the catalytic cracking process**

The associated monitoring is in BAT 4.

###### BAT 27.In order to reduce carbon monoxide (CO) emissions to air from the catalytic cracking process (regenerator), BAT is to use                        one or a combination of the techniques given below.U.K.

BAT-associated emission levels: See Table 7.

###### *Table 7*

**BAT-associated emission levels for carbon monoxide emissions to air from the regenerator in the catalytic cracking process                           for partial combustion mode**

The associated monitoring is in BAT 4.

#### 1.6.**BAT conclusions for the catalytic reforming process**U.K.

##### BAT 28.In order to reduce emissions of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/furans (PCDD/F) to air from the catalytic reforming unit, BAT                        is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.U.K.

#### 1.7.**BAT conclusions for the coking processes**U.K.

##### BAT 29.In order to reduce emissions to air from the coking production processes, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques                        given below:U.K.

Primary or process-related techniques, such as:

###### BAT 30.In order to reduce NOX emissions to air from the calcining of green coke process, BAT is to use selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR).U.K.

###### *Description*U.K.

See Section 1.20.2.

###### *Applicability*U.K.

The applicability of the SNCR technique (especially with respect to residence time and temperature window) may be restricted                     due to the specificity of the calcining process.                  

##### BAT 31.In order to reduce SOX emissions to air from the calcining of green coke process, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.U.K.

###### BAT 32.In order to reduce dust emissions to air from the calcining of green coke process, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques                        given below.U.K.

BAT-associated emission levels: See Table 8

###### *Table 8*

**BAT-associated emission levels for dust emissions to air from a unit for the calcining of green coke**

The associated monitoring is in BAT 4.

#### 1.8.**BAT conclusions for the desalting process**U.K.

##### BAT 33.In order to reduce water consumption and emissions to water from the desalting process, BAT is to use one or a combination                        of the techniques given below.U.K.

#### 1.9.**BAT conclusions for the combustion units**U.K.

###### BAT 34.In order to prevent or reduce NOX emissions to air from the combustion units, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.U.K.

###### I.Primary or process-related techniques, such as:U.K.

###### II.Secondary or end-of-pipe techniques, such as:U.K.

BAT-associated emission levels: See Table 9, Table 10 and Table 11.

###### *Table 9*

**BAT-associated emission levels for NOX emissions to air from a gas turbine**

The associated monitoring is in BAT 4.

###### *Table 10*

**BAT-associated emission levels for NOX emissions to air from a gas-fired combustion unit, with the exception of gas turbines**

The associated monitoring is in BAT 4.

###### *Table 11*

**BAT-associated emission levels for NOX emissions to air from a multi-fuel fired combustion unit with the exception of gas turbines**

The associated monitoring is in BAT 4.

###### BAT 35.In order to prevent or reduce dust and metal emissions to air from the combustion units, BAT is to use one or a combination                        of the techniques given below.U.K.

###### I.Primary or process-related techniques, such as:U.K.

###### II.Secondary or end-of-pipe techniques, such as:U.K.

BAT-associated emission levels: See Table 12.

###### *Table 12*

**BAT-associated emission levels for dust emissions to air from a multi-fuel fired combustion unit with the exception of gas                           turbines**

The associated monitoring is in BAT 4.

###### BAT 36.In order to prevent or reduce SOX emissions to air from the combustion units, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.U.K.

###### I.Primary or process-related techniques based on a selection or a treatment of the fuel, such as:U.K.

###### II.Secondary or end-of-pipe techniques:U.K.

BAT-associated emission levels: See Table 13 and Table 14.

###### *Table 13*

**BAT-associated emission levels for SO2 emissions to air from a combustion unit firing refinery fuel gas (RFG), with the exception of gas turbines**

The associated monitoring is in BAT 4.

###### *Table 14*

**BAT-associated emission levels for SO2 emissions to air from multi-fuel fired combustion units, with the exception of gas turbines and stationary gas engines**

This BAT-AEL refers to the weighted average emissions from existing multi-fuel fired combustion units within the refinery,                        with the exception of gas turbines and stationary gas engines.                     

The associated monitoring is in BAT 4.

###### BAT 37.In order to reduce carbon monoxide (CO) emissions to air from the combustion units, BAT is to use a combustion operation control.U.K.

###### *Description*U.K.

See Section 1.20.5.

BAT-associated emission levels: See Table 15.

###### *Table 15*

**BAT-associated emission levels for carbon monoxide emissions to air from a combustion unit**

The associated monitoring is in BAT 4.

#### 1.10.**BAT conclusions for the etherification process**U.K.

##### BAT 38.In order to reduce emissions to air from the etherification process, BAT is to ensure the appropriate treatment of process                        off-gases by routing them to the refinery fuel gas system.U.K.

##### BAT 39.In order to prevent upset of the biotreatment, BAT is to use a storage tank and an appropriate unit production plan management                        to control the toxic components dissolved content (e.g. methanol, formic acid, ethers) of the waste water stream prior to                        final treatment.U.K.

#### 1.11.**BAT conclusions for the isomerisation process**U.K.

##### BAT 40.In order to reduce emissions to air of chlorinated compounds, BAT is to optimise the use of chlorinated organic compounds                        used to maintain catalyst activity when such a process is in place or to use non-chlorinated catalytic systems.U.K.

#### 1.12.**BAT conclusions for the natural gas refinery**U.K.

##### BAT 41.In order to reduce sulphur dioxide emissions to air from the natural gas plant, BAT is to apply BAT 54.U.K.

##### BAT 42.In order to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions to air from the natural gas plant, BAT is to apply BAT 34U.K.

##### BAT 43.In order to prevent emissions of mercury when present in raw natural gas, BAT is to remove the mercury and recover the mercury-containing                        sludge for waste disposal.U.K.

#### 1.13.**BAT conclusions for the distillation process**U.K.

###### BAT 44.In order to prevent or reduce waste water flow generation from the distillation process, BAT is to use liquid ring vacuum                        pumps or surface condensers.U.K.

###### *Applicability*U.K.

May not be applicable in some retrofit cases. For new units, vacuum pumps, either in or not in combination with steam ejectors,                     may be needed to achieve a high vacuum (10 mm Hg). Also, a spare should be available in case the vacuum pump fails.                  

##### BAT 45.In order to prevent or reduce water pollution from the distillation process, BAT is to route sour water to the stripping unit.U.K.

###### BAT 46.In order to prevent or reduce emissions to air from distillation units, BAT is to ensure the appropriate treatment of process                        off-gases, especially incondensable off-gases, by acid gas removal prior to further use.U.K.

###### *Applicability*U.K.

Generally applicable for crude and vacuum distillation units. May not be applicable for stand-alone lubricant and bitumen                     refineries with emissions of less than 1 t/d of sulphur compounds. In specific refinery configurations, applicability may                     be restricted, due to the need for e.g. large piping, compressors or additional amine treating capacity.                  

#### 1.14.**BAT conclusions for the products treatment process**U.K.

###### BAT 47.In order to reduce emissions to air from the products treatment process, BAT is to ensure the appropriate disposal of off-gases,                        especially odorous spent air from sweetening units, by routing them to destruction, e.g. by incineration.U.K.

###### *Applicability*U.K.

Generally applicable to products treatment processes where the gas streams can be safely processed to the destruction units.                     May not be applicable to sweetening units, due to safety reasons.                  

##### BAT 48.In order to reduce waste and waste water generation when a products treatment process using caustic is in place, BAT is to                        use cascading caustic solution and a global management of spent caustic, including recycling after appropriate treatment,                        e.g. by stripping.U.K.

#### 1.15.**BAT conclusions for storage and handling processes**U.K.

###### BAT 49.In order to reduce VOC emissions to air from the storage of volatile liquid hydrocarbon compounds, BAT is to use floating                        roof storage tanks equipped with high efficiency seals or a fixed roof tank connected to a vapour recovery system.U.K.

###### *Description*U.K.

High efficiency seals are specific devices for limiting losses of vapour, e.g. improved primary seals, additional multiple                     (secondary or tertiary) seals (according to quantity emitted).                  

###### *Applicability*U.K.

The applicability of high efficiency seals may be restricted for retrofitting tertiary seals in existing tanks.

##### BAT 50.In order to reduce VOC emissions to air from the storage of volatile liquid hydrocarbon compounds, BAT is to use one or a                        combination of the techniques given below.U.K.

##### BAT 51.In order to prevent or reduce emissions to soil and groundwater from the storage of liquid hydrocarbon compounds, BAT is to                        use one or a combination of the techniques given below.U.K.

###### BAT 52.In order to prevent or reduce VOC emissions to air from loading and unloading operations of volatile liquid hydrocarbon compounds,                        BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below to achieve a recovery rate of at least 95 %.U.K.

BAT-associated emission levels: See Table 16.

###### *Table 16*

**BAT-associated emission levels for non-methane VOC and benzene emissions to air from loading and unloading operations of volatile                           liquid hydrocarbon compounds**

#### 1.16.**BAT conclusions for visbreaking and other thermal processes**U.K.

##### BAT 53.In order to reduce emissions to water from visbreaking and other thermal processes, BAT is to ensure the appropriate treatment                        of waste water streams by applying the techniques of BAT 11.U.K.

#### 1.17.**BAT conclusions for waste gas sulphur treatment**U.K.

###### BAT 54.In order to reduce sulphur emissions to air from off-gases containing hydrogen sulphides (H2S), BAT is to use all of the techniques given below.U.K.

BAT-associated environmental performance levels (BAT-AEPL): See Table 17.

###### *Table 17*

**BAT-associated environmental performance levels for a waste gas sulphur (H2S) recovery system**

The associated monitoring is described in BAT 4.

#### 1.18.**BAT conclusions for flares**U.K.

##### BAT 55.In order to prevent emissions to air from flares, BAT is to use flaring only for safety reasons or for non-routine operational                        conditions (e.g. start-ups, shutdown).U.K.

##### BAT 56.In order to reduce emissions to air from flares when flaring is unavoidable, BAT is to use the techniques given below.U.K.

#### 1.19.**BAT conclusions for integrated emission management**U.K.

###### BAT 57.In order to achieve an overall reduction of NOX emissions to air from combustion units and fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) units, BAT is to use an integrated emission management                        technique as an alternative to applying BAT 24 and BAT 34.U.K.

###### *Description*U.K.

The technique consists of managing NOX emissions from several or all combustion units and FCC units on a refinery site in an integrated manner, by implementing                     and operating the most appropriate combination of BAT across the different units concerned and monitoring the effectiveness                     thereof, in such a way that the resulting total emissions are equal to or lower than the emissions that would be achieved                     through a unit-by-unit application of the BAT-AELs referred to in BAT 24 and BAT 34.                  

This technique is especially suitable to oil refining sites:
          -  with a recognised site complexity, multiplicity of combustion and process units interlinked in terms of their feedstock and                           energy supply;                         
          -  with frequent process adjustments required in function of the quality of the crude received; 
          -  with a technical necessity to use a part of process residues as internal fuels, causing frequent adjustments of the fuel mix                           according to process requirements.                         

BAT-associated emission levels: See Table 18.

In addition, for each new combustion unit or new FCC unit included in the integrated emission management system, the BAT-AELs                     set out under BAT 24 and BAT 34 remain applicable.                  

###### *Table 18***BAT-associated emission levels for NOx emissions to air when applying BAT 57**U.K.

The BAT-AEL for NOx emissions from the units concerned by BAT 57, expressed in mg/Nm3 as a monthly average value, is equal to or less than the weighted average of the NOx concentrations (expressed in mg/Nm3 as a monthly average) that would be achieved by applying in practice at each of those units techniques that would enable                     the units concerned to meet the following:                  

for catalytic cracking process (regenerator) units: the BAT-AEL range set out in Table 4 (BAT 24);

for combustion units burning refinery fuels alone or simultaneously with other fuels: the BAT-AEL ranges set out in Tables                              9, 10 and 11 (BAT 34).                           

This BAT-AEL is expressed by the following formula:

###### *Notes:*U.K.

###### 1.The applicable reference conditions for oxygen are those specified in Table 1.U.K.

###### 2.The weighing of the emission levels of the individual units is done on the basis of the flue-gas flow rate of the unit concerned,                        expressed as a monthly average value (Nm3/hour), which is representative for the normal operation of that unit within the refinery installation (applying the reference                        conditions under Note 1).U.K.

###### 3.In case of substantial and structural fuel changes which are affecting the applicable BAT-AEL for a unit or other substantial                        and structural changes in the nature or functioning of the units concerned, or in case of their replacement or extension or                        the addition of combustion units or FCC units, the BAT-AEL defined in Table 18 needs to be adjusted accordingly.U.K.

Monitoring associated with BAT 57

BAT for monitoring emissions of NOx under an integrated emission management technique is as in BAT 4, complemented with the following:                  
          -  a monitoring plan including a description of the processes monitored, a list of the emission sources and source streams (products,                           waste gases) monitored for each process and a description of the methodology (calculations, measurements) used and the underlying                           assumptions and associated level of confidence;                         
          -  continuous monitoring of the flue-gas flow rates of the units concerned, either through direct measurement or by an equivalent                           method;                         
          -  a data management system for collecting, processing and reporting all monitoring data needed to determine the emissions from                           the sources covered by the integrated emission management technique.                         

###### BAT 58.In order to achieve an overall reduction of SO2 emissions to air from combustion units, fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) units and waste gas sulphur recovery units, BAT is                        to use an integrated emission management technique as an alternative to applying BAT 26, BAT 36 and BAT 54.U.K.

###### *Description*U.K.

The technique consists of managing SO2 emissions from several or all combustion units, FCC units and waste gas sulphur recovery units on a refinery site in an integrated                     manner, by implementing and operating the most appropriate combination of BAT across the different units concerned and monitoring                     the effectiveness thereof, in such a way that the resulting total emissions are equal to or lower than the emissions that                     would be achieved through a unit-by-unit application of the BAT-AELs referred to in BAT 26 and BAT 36 as well as the BAT-AEPL                     set out under BAT 54.                  

This technique is especially suitable to oil refining sites:
          -  with a recognised site complexity, multiplicity of combustion and process units interlinked in terms of their feedstock and                           energy supply;                         
          -  with frequent process adjustments required in function of the quality of the crude received; 
          -  with a technical necessity to use a part of process residues as internal fuels, causing frequent adjustments of the fuel mix                           according to process requirements.                         

BAT associated emission level: See Table 19.

In addition, for each new combustion unit, new FCC unit or new waste gas sulphur recovery unit included in the integrated                     emission management system, the BAT-AELs set out under BAT 26 and BAT 36 and the BAT-AEPL set out under BAT 54 remain applicable.                  

###### *Table 19***BAT-associated emission levels for SO2 emissions to air when applying BAT 58**U.K.

The BAT-AEL for SO2 emissions from the units concerned by BAT 58, expressed in mg/Nm3 as a monthly average value, is equal to or less than the weighted average of the SO2 concentrations (expressed in mg/Nm3 as a monthly average) that would be achieved by applying in practice at each of those units techniques that would enable                     the units concerned to meet the following:                  

for catalytic cracking process (regenerator) units: the BAT-AEL ranges set out in Table 6 (BAT 26);

for combustion units burning refinery fuels alone or simultaneously with other fuels: the BAT-AEL ranges set out in Table                              13 and in Table 14 (BAT 36); and                           

for waste gas sulphur recovery units: the BAT-AEPL ranges set out in Table 17 (BAT 54).

This BAT-AEL is expressed by the following formula:

###### *Notes:*U.K.

###### 1.The applicable reference conditions for oxygen are those specified in Table 1.U.K.

###### 2.The weighing of the emission levels of the individual units is done on the basis of the flue-gas flow rate of the unit concerned,                        expressed as the monthly average value (Nm3/hour), which is representative for the normal operation of that unit within the refinery installation (applying the reference                        conditions under Note 1).U.K.

###### 3.In case of substantial and structural fuel changes which are affecting the applicable BAT-AEL for a unit or other substantial                        and structural changes in the nature or functioning of the units concerned, or in case of their replacement, extension or                        the addition of combustion, FCC, or waste gas sulphur recovery units, the BAT-AEL defined in Table 19 needs to be adjusted                        accordingly.U.K.

Monitoring associated with BAT 58

BAT for monitoring emissions of SO2 under an integrated emission management approach is as in BAT 4, complemented with the following:                  
          -  a monitoring plan including a description of the processes monitored, a list of the emission sources and source streams (products,                           waste gases) monitored for each process and a description of the methodology (calculations, measurements) used and the underlying                           assumptions and associated level of confidence;                         
          -  continuous monitoring of the flue-gas flow rates of the units concerned, either through direct measurement or by an equivalent                           method;                         
          -  a data management system for collecting, processing and reporting all monitoring data needed to determine the emissions from                           the sources covered by the integrated emission management technique.                         

### GLOSSARYU.K.

#### 1.20.**Description of techniques for the prevention and control of emissions to air**U.K.

##### 1.20.1.*Dust*U.K.

##### 1.20.2.*Nitrogen oxides (NOX)*U.K.

##### 1.20.3.*Sulphur oxides (SOX)*U.K.

##### 1.20.4.*Combined techniques (SOx, NOx and dust)*U.K.

##### 1.20.5.*Carbon monoxide (CO)*U.K.

##### 1.20.6.*Volatile organic compounds (VOC)*U.K.

##### 1.20.7.*Other techniques*U.K.

#### 1.21.**Description of techniques for the prevention and control of emissions to water**U.K.

##### 1.21.1.*Waste water pretreatment*U.K.

##### 1.21.2.*Waste water treatment*U.K.

1

OJ L 334, 17.12.2010, p. 17.                           

2

OJ C 146, 17.5.2011, p. 3.