# Commission Implementing Decision of 26 September 2014 establishing the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, under            Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, for the production of pulp, paper and board (notified            under document C(2014) 6750) (Text with EEA relevance) (2014/687/EU)         

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U.K.

# Commission Implementing Decision

# of 26 September 2014

# establishing the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the                        Council, for the production of pulp, paper and board                     

# *(notified under document C(2014) 6750)*

# (Text with EEA relevance)

# (2014/687/EU)

THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,

Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,

Having regard to Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions                           (integrated pollution prevention and control)(1), and in particular Article 13(5) thereof,                        

Whereas:

(1)Article 13(1) of Directive 2010/75/EU requires the Commission to organise an exchange of information on industrial emissions                              between it and Member States, the industries concerned and non-governmental organisations promoting environmental protection                              in order to facilitate the drawing up of best available techniques (BAT) reference documents as defined in Article 3(11) of                              that Directive.

(2)In accordance with Article 13(2) of Directive 2010/75/EU, the exchange of information is to address the performance of installations                              and techniques in terms of emissions, expressed as short- and long-term averages, where appropriate, and the associated reference                              conditions, consumption and nature of raw materials, water consumption, use of energy and generation of waste and the techniques                              used, associated monitoring, cross-media effects, economic and technical viability and developments therein and best available                              techniques and emerging techniques identified after considering the issues mentioned in points (a) and (b) of Article 13(2)                              of that Directive.

(3)‘BAT conclusions’ as defined in Article 3(12) of Directive 2010/75/EU are the key element of BAT reference documents and lay                              down the conclusions on best available techniques, their description, information to assess their applicability, the emission                              levels associated with the best available techniques, associated monitoring, associated consumption levels and, where appropriate,                              relevant site remediation measures.

(4)In accordance with Article 14(3) of Directive 2010/75/EU, BAT conclusions are to be the reference for setting permit conditions                              for installations covered by Chapter II of that Directive.

(5)Article 15(3) of Directive 2010/75/EU requires the competent authority to set emission limit values that ensure that, under                              normal operating conditions, emissions do not exceed the emission levels associated with the best available techniques as                              laid down in the decisions on BAT conclusions referred to in Article 13(5) of Directive 2010/75/EU.

(6)Article 15(4) of Directive 2010/75/EU provides for derogations from the requirement laid down in Article 15(3) only where                              the costs associated with the achievement of the emission levels associated with the BAT disproportionately outweigh the environmental                              benefits due to the geographical location, the local environmental conditions or the technical characteristics of the installation                              concerned.

(7)Article 16(1) of Directive 2010/75/EU provides that the monitoring requirements in the permit referred to in point (c) of                              Article 14(1) of the Directive are to be based on the conclusions on monitoring as described in the BAT conclusions.

(8)In accordance with Article 21(3) of Directive 2010/75/EU, within 4 years of publication of decisions on BAT conclusions, the                              competent authority is to reconsider and, if necessary, update all the permit conditions and ensure that the installation                              complies with those permit conditions.

(9)Commission Decision of 16 May 2011(2) establishes a forum, for the exchange of information pursuant to Article 13 of Directive 2010/75/EU on industrial emissions,                              which is composed of representatives of Member States, the industries concerned and non-governmental organisations promoting                              environmental protection.

(10)In accordance with Article 13(4) of Directive 2010/75/EU, the Commission obtained the opinion of that forum on the proposed                              content of the BAT reference document for the production of pulp, paper and board on 20 September 2013 and made it publicly                              available(3).

(11)The measures provided for in this Decision are in accordance with the opinion of the Committee established by Article 75(1)                              of Directive 2010/75/EU,

HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:

# Article 1U.K.

The BAT conclusions for the production of pulp, paper and board are set out in the Annex to this Decision.

# Article 2U.K.

This Decision is addressed to the Member States.

Done at Brussels, 26 September 2014.

*For the Commission*                            

Janez Potočnik                            

*Member of the Commission*                            

## ANNEXU.K.BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PULP, PAPER AND BOARD

### **SCOPE**U.K.

These BAT conclusions concern the activities specified in Sections 6.1.(a) and 6.1.(b) of Annex I to Directive 2010/75/EU,                     i.e. the integrated and non-integrated production in industrial installations of:                  

pulp from timber or other fibrous materials;

paper or cardboard with a production capacity exceeding 20 tonnes per day.

In particular, these BAT conclusions cover the following processes and activities:

chemical pulping:

kraft (sulphate) pulping process

sulphite pulping process

mechanical and chemimechanical pulping

processing paper for recycling with and without deinking

papermaking and related processes

all recovery boilers and lime kilns operated in pulp and paper mills

These BAT conclusions do not address the following activities:

production of pulp from non-wood fibrous raw material (e.g. yearly plant pulp);

stationary internal combustion engines;

combustion plants for steam and power generation other than recovery boilers;

dryers with internal burners for paper machines and coaters.

Other reference documents which are relevant for the activities covered by these BAT conclusions are the following:

### **GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS**U.K.

The techniques listed and described in these BAT conclusions are neither prescriptive nor exhaustive. Other techniques may                     be used that ensure at least an equivalent level of environmental protection.                  

Unless otherwise stated, the BAT conclusions are generally applicable.

### **EMISSION LEVELS ASSOCIATED WITH BAT**U.K.

Where emission levels associated with the best available techniques (BAT-AELs) are given for the same averaging period in                     different units (e.g. as concentration and specific load values (that is per tonne of net production)), those different ways                     of expressing BAT-AELs are to be seen as equivalent alternatives.                  

For integrated and multi-product pulp and paper mills, the BAT-AELs defined for the individual processes (pulping, papermaking)                     and/or products need to be combined according to a mixing rule based on their additive shares of discharge.                  

### **AVERAGING PERIODS FOR EMISSIONS TO WATER**U.K.

Unless stated otherwise, the averaging periods associated with the BAT-AELs for emissions to water are defined as follows.

### **REFERENCE CONDITIONS FOR EMISSIONS TO AIR**U.K.

The BAT-AELs for emissions to air refer to standard conditions: dry gas, temperature of 273,15 K, and pressure of 101,3 kPa.                     Where BAT-AELs are given as concentration values, the reference O2 level ( % by volume) is indicated.                  

### **Conversion to reference oxygen concentration**U.K.

The formula for calculating the emissions concentration at a reference oxygen level is shown below.

                    

where:

:

emissions concentration referred to the reference oxygen level OR                      

:

reference oxygen level

:

measured emissions concentration referred to the measured oxygen level OM                      

:

measured oxygen level.

### **AVERAGING PERIODS FOR EMISSIONS TO AIR**U.K.

Unless stated otherwise, the averaging periods associated with the BAT-AELs for emissions to air are defined as follows.

### **DEFINITIONS**U.K.

For the purpose of these BAT conclusions, the following definitions apply:

### **ACRONYMS**U.K.

#### 1.1.GENERAL BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR THE PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRYU.K.

The process specific BAT conclusions included in Sections 1.2 to 1.6 apply, in addition to the general BAT conclusions mentioned                     in this section.                  

##### 1.1.1.**Environmental management system**U.K.

###### BAT 1.In order to improve the overall environmental performance of plants for the production of pulp, paper and board, BAT is to                        implement and adhere to an environmental management system (EMS) that incorporates all of the following features:U.K.

commitment of the management, including senior management;

definition of an environmental policy that includes the continuous improvement of the installation by the management;

planning and establishing the necessary procedures, objectives and targets, in conjunction with financial planning and investment;

implementation of procedures paying particular attention to:

structure and responsibility

training, awareness and competence

communication

employee involvement

documentation

efficient process control

maintenance programmes

emergency preparedness and response

safeguarding compliance with environmental legislation;

checking performance and taking corrective action, paying particular attention to:

monitoring and measurement (see also the Reference Document on the General Principles of Monitoring)

corrective and preventive action

maintenance of records

independent (where practicable) internal and external auditing in order to determine whether or not the EMS conforms to planned                                       arrangements and has been properly implemented and maintained;                                    

review of the EMS and its continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness by senior management;

following the development of cleaner technologies;

consideration for the environmental impacts from the eventual decommissioning of the installation at the stage of designing                              a new plant, and throughout its operating life;                           

application of sectoral benchmarking on a regular basis.

###### *Applicability*U.K.

The scope (e.g. level of details) and nature of the EMS (e.g. standardised or non-standardised) will generally be related                     to the nature, scale and complexity of the installation, and the range of environmental impacts it may have.                  

##### 1.1.2.**Materials management and good housekeeping**U.K.

###### BAT 2.BAT is to apply the principles of good housekeeping for minimising the environmental impact of the production process by using                        a combination of the techniques given below.U.K.

###### BAT 3.In order to reduce the release of not readily biodegradable organic chelating agents such as EDTA or DTPA from peroxide bleaching,                        BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given below.U.K.

##### 1.1.3.**Water and waste water management**U.K.

###### BAT 4.In order to reduce the generation and the pollution load of waste water from wood storage and preparation, BAT is to use a                        combination of the techniques given below.U.K.

**The BAT-associated effluent flow** from dry debarking is 0,5 – 2,5 m3/ADt.                  

###### BAT 5.In order to reduce fresh water use and generation of waste water, BAT is to close the water system to the degree technically                        feasible in line with the pulp and paper grade manufactured by using a combination of the techniques given below.U.K.

**The BAT-associated waste water flow** at the point of discharge after waste water treatment as yearly averages are:                  

##### 1.1.4.**Energy consumption and efficiency**U.K.

###### BAT 6.In order to reduce fuel and energy consumption in pulp and paper mills, BAT is to use technique (a) and a combination of the                        other techniques given below.U.K.

###### *Description*U.K.

Technique (c): Simultaneous generation of heat and electrical and/or mechanical energy in a single process, referred to as                     a combined heat and power plant (CHP). CHP plants in the pulp and paper industry normally apply steam turbines and/or gas                     turbines. The economic viability (achievable savings and payback time) will depend mainly on the cost of electricity and fuels.                  

##### 1.1.5.**Emissions of odour**U.K.

With regard to the emissions of malodorous sulphur-containing gases from kraft and sulphite pulp mills, see the process-specific                     BAT given in Sections 1.2.2 and 1.3.2.                  

###### BAT 7.In order to prevent and reduce the emission of odorous compounds originating from the waste water system, BAT is to use a                        combination of the techniques given below.U.K.

##### 1.1.6.**Monitoring of key process parameters and of emissions to water and air**U.K.

###### BAT 8.BAT is to monitor the key process parameters according to the table given below.U.K.

###### BAT 9.BAT is to carry out the monitoring and measurement of emissions to air, as indicated below, on a regular basis with the frequency                        indicated and according to EN standards. If EN standards are not available, BAT is to use ISO, national or other international                        standards which ensure the provision of data of an equivalent scientific quality.U.K.

###### BAT 10.BAT is to carry out the monitoring of emissions to water, as indicated below, with the indicated frequency and according to                        EN standards. If EN standards are not available, BAT is to use ISO, national or other international standards that ensure                        the provision of data of an equivalent scientific quality.U.K.

###### BAT 11.BAT is to regularly monitor and assess diffuse total reduced sulphur emissions from relevant sources.U.K.

###### *Description*U.K.

The assessment of diffuse total reduced sulphur emissions can be done by periodic measurement and assessment of diffuse emissions                     that are emitted from different sources (e.g. the fibre line, tanks, chip bins etc.) by direct measurements.                  

##### 1.1.7.**Waste management**U.K.

###### BAT 12.In order to reduce the quantities of wastes sent for disposal, BAT is to implement a waste assessment (including waste inventories)                        and management system, so as to facilitate waste reuse, or failing that, waste recycling, or failing that, ‘other recovery’,                        including a combination of the techniques given below.U.K.

##### 1.1.8.**Emissions to water**U.K.

Further information on waste water treatment in pulp and paper mills and process-specific BAT-AELs are given in Sections 1.2                     to 1.6.                  

###### BAT 13.In order to reduce nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) emissions into receiving waters, BAT is to substitute chemical additives                        with high nitrogen and phosphorus contents by additives containing low nitrogen and phosphorus contents.U.K.

###### *Applicability*U.K.

Applicable if the nitrogen in the chemical additives is not bioavailable (i.e. it cannot serve as nutrient in biological treatment)                     or if the nutrient balance is in surplus.                  

###### BAT 14.In order to reduce emissions of pollutants into receiving waters, BAT is to use all of the techniques given below.U.K.

###### BAT 15.When further removal of organic substances, nitrogen or phosphorus is needed, BAT is to use tertiary treatment as described                        in Section 1.7.2.2.U.K.

###### BAT 16.In order to reduce emissions of pollutants into receiving waters from biological waste water treatment plants, BAT is to use                        all of the techniques given below.U.K.

##### 1.1.9.**Emissions of noise**U.K.

###### BAT 17.In order to reduce the emissions of noise from pulp and paper manufacturing, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques                        given below.U.K.

##### 1.1.10.**Decommissioning**U.K.

###### BAT 18.In order to prevent pollution risks when decommissioning a plant, BAT is to use the general techniques given below.U.K.

#### 1.2.BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR KRAFT PULPING PROCESSU.K.

For integrated kraft pulp and paper mills, the process-specific BAT conclusions for papermaking given in Section 1.6 apply,                     in addition to the BAT conclusions in this section.                  

##### 1.2.1.**Waste water and emissions to water**U.K.

###### BAT 19.In order to reduce emissions of pollutants into receiving waters from the whole mill, BAT is to use TCF or modern ECF bleaching                        (see description in Section 1.7.2.1), and a suitable combination of the techniques specified in BAT 13, BAT 14, BAT 15 and                        BAT 16 and of the techniques given below.U.K.

###### *BAT-associated emission levels*U.K.

See Table 1 and Table 2. These BAT-associated emission levels are not applicable to dissolving kraft pulp mills.

The reference waste water flow for kraft mills is set out in BAT 5.

###### *Table 1*

**BAT-associated emission levels for the direct waste water discharge to receiving waters from a bleached kraft pulp mill**

###### *Table 2*

**BAT-associated emission levels for the direct waste water discharge to receiving waters from an unbleached kraft pulp mill**

The BOD concentration in the treated effluents is expected to be low (around 25 mg/l as a 24-hour composite sample).

##### 1.2.2.**Emissions to air**U.K.

###### 1.2.2.1.*Reduction of emissions in strong and weak odorous gases*U.K.

###### BAT 20.In order to reduce odour emissions and total reduced sulphur emissions due to strong and weak odorous gases, BAT is to prevent                        diffuse emissions by capturing all process-based sulphur containing off-gases, including all vents with sulphur-containing                        emissions, by applying all of the techniques given below.U.K.

###### *Applicability*U.K.

Generally applicable for new plants and for major refurbishments of existing plants. The installation of necessary equipment                     may be difficult for existing plants due to layout and space restrictions. The applicability of incineration might be limited                     for safety reasons, and in this case wet scrubbers could be used.                  

**BAT-associated emission level** of total reduced sulphur (TRS) in residual weak gases emitted is 0,05 – 0,2 kg S/ADt.                  

###### 1.2.2.2.*Reduction of emissions from a recovery boiler*U.K.

###### SO2 and TRS emissionsU.K.

###### BAT 21.In order to reduce SO2 and TRS emissions from a recovery boiler, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given below.U.K.

###### *BAT-associated emission levels*U.K.

See Table 3.

###### *Table 3*

**BAT-associated emission levels for SO2 and TRS emissions from a recovery boiler**

###### NOx emissionsU.K.

###### BAT 22.In order to reduce NOx emissions from a recovery boiler, BAT is to use an optimised firing system including all of the features given below.U.K.

###### *Applicability*U.K.

Technique (c)is applicable to new recovery boilers and in the case of a major refurbishment of recovery boilers, as this technique                     requires considerable changes to the air feed systems and the furnace.                  

###### *BAT-associated emission levels*U.K.

See Table 4.

###### *Table 4*

**BAT-associated emission levels for NOx emissions from a recovery boiler**

###### Dust emissionsU.K.

###### BAT 23.In order to reduce dust emissions from a recovery boiler, BAT is to use an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) or a combination                        of ESP and wet scrubber.U.K.

###### *Description*U.K.

SeeSection 1.7.1.1.

###### *BAT-associated emission levels*U.K.

See Table 5.

###### *Table 5*

**BAT-associated emission levels for dust emissions from a recovery boiler**

###### 1.2.2.3.*Reduction of emissions from a lime kiln*U.K.

###### SO2 emissionsU.K.

###### BAT 24.In order to reduce SO2 emissions from a lime kiln, BAT is to apply one or a combination of the techniques given below.U.K.

###### *BAT-associated emission levels*U.K.

See Table 6.

###### *Table 6*

**BAT-associated emission levels for SO2 and sulphur emissions from a lime kiln**

###### TRS emissionsU.K.

###### BAT 25.In order to reduce TRS emissions from a lime kiln, BAT is to apply one or a combination of the techniques given below.U.K.

###### *BAT-associated emission levels*U.K.

See Table 7.

###### *Table 7*

**BAT-associated emission levels for TRS emissions from a lime kiln**

###### NOx emissionsU.K.

###### BAT 26.In order to reduce NOx emissions from a lime kiln, BAT is to apply a combination of the techniques given below.U.K.

###### *BAT-associated emission levels*U.K.

See Table 8.

###### *Table 8*

**BAT-associated emission levels for NOx emissions from a lime kiln**

###### Dust emissionsU.K.

###### BAT 27.In order to reduce dust emissions from a lime kiln, BAT is to use an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) or a combination of                        ESP and wet scrubber.U.K.

###### *Description*U.K.

See Section 1.7.1.1.

###### *BAT-associated emission levels*U.K.

See Table 9.

###### *Table 9*

**BAT-associated emission levels for dust emissions from a lime kiln**

###### 1.2.2.4.*Reduction of emissions from a burner for strong odorous gases (dedicated TRS burner)*U.K.

###### BAT 28.In order to reduce SO2 emissions from the incineration of strong odorous gases in a dedicated TRS burner, BAT is to use an alkaline SO2 scrubber.U.K.

###### *BAT-associated emission levels*U.K.

See Table 10.

###### *Table 10*

**BAT-associated emission levels for SO2 and TRS emissions from the incineration of strong gases in a dedicated TRS burner**

###### BAT 29.In order to reduce NOx emissions from the incineration of strong odorous gases in a dedicated TRS burner, BAT is to use one or a combination of                        the techniques given below.U.K.

###### *BAT-associated emission levels*U.K.

See Table 11.

###### *Table 11*

**BAT-associated emission levels for NOx emissions from the incineration of strong gases in a dedicated TRS burner**

##### 1.2.3.**Waste generation**U.K.

###### BAT 30.In order to prevent waste generation and minimise the amount of solid waste to be disposed of, BAT is to recycle dust from                        black liquor recovery boiler ESPs to the process.U.K.

###### *Applicability*U.K.

Recirculation of dust may be limited due to non-process elements in the dust.

##### 1.2.4.**Energy consumption and efficiency**U.K.

###### BAT 31.In order to reduce thermal energy consumption (steam), maximise the benefit of energy carriers used, and to reduce the consumption                        of electricity, BAT is to apply a combination of the techniques given below.U.K.

###### BAT 32.In order to increase the efficiency of power generation, BAT is to apply a combination of the techniques given below.U.K.

#### 1.3.BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR THE SULPHITE PULPING PROCESSU.K.

For integrated sulphite pulp and paper mills, the process-specific BAT conclusions for papermaking given in Section 1.6 apply,                     in addition to the BAT in this section.                  

##### 1.3.1.**Waste water and emissions to water**U.K.

###### BAT 33.In order to prevent and reduce emissions of pollutants into receiving waters from the whole mill, BAT is to use a suitable                        combination of the techniques specified in BAT 13, BAT 14, BAT 15 and BAT 16 and of the techniques given below.U.K.

###### *BAT-associated emission levels*U.K.

See Table 12 and Table 13. These BAT-associated emission levels are not applicable to dissolving pulp mills and to the manufacturing                     of speciality pulp for chemical applications.                  

The reference waste water flow for sulphite mills is set out in BAT 5.

###### *Table 12*

**BAT-associated emission levels for the direct waste water discharge to receiving waters from a pulp mill manufacturing bleached                           sulphite and magnefite paper grade pulp**

###### *Table 13*

**BAT-associated emission levels for the direct waste water discharge to receiving waters from a sulphite pulp mill manufacturing                           NSSC pulp**

The BOD concentration in the treated effluents is expected to be low (around 25 mg/l as a 24-hour composite sample).

##### 1.3.2.**Emissions to air**U.K.

###### BAT 34.In order to prevent and reduce SO2 emissions, BAT is to collect all highly concentrated SO2-gas streams from acid liquor production, digesters, diffusers, or blow tanks and to recover the sulphur components.U.K.

###### BAT 35.In order to prevent and reduce diffuse sulphur-containing and odorous emissions from washing, screening, and evaporators,                        BAT is to collect these weak gases and to apply one of the techniques given below.U.K.

###### BAT 36.In order to reduce NOx emissions from a recovery boiler, BAT is to use an optimised firing system including one or a combination of the techniques                        given below.U.K.

###### *BAT-associated emission levels*U.K.

See Table 14.

###### *Table 14*

**BAT-associated emission levels for NOx and NH3 emissions from a recovery boiler**

###### BAT 37.In order to reduce dust and SO2 emissions from a recovery boiler, BAT is to use one of the techniques given below and to limit ‘acid operation’ of the scrubbers                        to the minimum required to ensure their proper functioning.U.K.

###### *BAT-associated emission levels*U.K.

See Table 15.

###### *Table 15*

**BAT-associated emission levels for dust and SO2 emissions from a recovery boiler**

The **BAT-associated environmental performance level** is a duration of acid operation of around 240 hours per year for the scrubbers, and less than 24 hours per month for the                     last monosulphite scrubber.                  

##### 1.3.3.**Energy consumption and efficiency**U.K.

###### BAT 38.In order to reduce thermal energy consumption (steam), maximise the benefit of the energy carriers used and to reduce the                        consumption of electricity, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given below.U.K.

###### BAT 39.In order to increase the efficiency of power generation, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given below.U.K.

#### 1.4.BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR MECHANICAL PULPING AND CHEMIMECHANICAL PULPINGU.K.

The BAT conclusions in this section apply to all integrated mechanical pulp, paper and board mills and to mechanical pulp                     mills, CTMP and CMP pulp mills. **BAT 49, BAT 51, BAT 52c and BAT 53** also apply to papermaking in integrated mechanical pulp, paper and board mills, in addition to the BAT conclusions in this                     section.                  

##### 1.4.1.**Waste water and emissions to water**U.K.

###### BAT 40.In order to reduce fresh water use, waste water flow, and the pollution load, BAT is to use a suitable combination of the                        techniques specified in BAT 13, BAT 14, BAT 15 and BAT 16 and of the techniques given below.U.K.

###### *BAT-associated emission levels*U.K.

See Table 16. These BAT-AELs also apply to mechanical pulp mills. The reference waste water flow for integrated mechanical,                     CTM and CTMP pulp mills are set out in BAT 5.                  

###### *Table 16*

**BAT-associated emission levels for the direct waste water discharge to receiving waters from the integrated production of                           paper and board from mechanical pulps produced on site**

###### *Table 17*

**BAT-associated emission levels for the direct waste water discharge to receiving waters from a CTMP or CMP pulp mill**

The BOD concentration in the treated effluents is expected to be low (around 25 mg/l as a 24-hour composite sample).

##### 1.4.2.**Energy consumption and efficiency**U.K.

###### BAT 41.In order to reduce the consumption of thermal and electrical energy, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given below.U.K.

#### 1.5.BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR PROCESSING PAPER FOR RECYCLINGU.K.

The BAT conclusions in this section apply to all integrated RCF mills and to RCF pulp mills. **BAT 49, BAT 51, BAT 52c and BAT 53** also apply to papermaking in integrated RCF pulp, paper and board mills, in addition to the BAT conclusions in this section.                  

##### 1.5.1.**Materials management**U.K.

###### BAT 42.In order to prevent the contamination of soil and groundwater or to reduce the risk thereof and in order to reduce wind drift                        of paper for recycling and diffuse dust emissions from the paper for recycling yard, BAT is to use one or a combination of                        the techniques given below.U.K.

##### 1.5.2.**Waste water and emissions to water**U.K.

###### BAT 43.In order to reduce fresh water use, waste water flow, and the pollution load, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques                        given below.U.K.

###### BAT 44.In order to maintain advanced water circuit closure in mills processing paper for recycling and to avoid possible negative                        effects from the increased recycling of process water, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.U.K.

###### *Applicability*U.K.

Techniques (a) – (c) are applicable to RCF paper mills with advanced water circuit closure.

###### BAT 45.In order to prevent and reduce the pollution load of waste water into receiving waters from the whole mill, BAT is to use                        a suitable combination of the techniques specified in BAT 13, BAT 14, BAT 15, BAT 16, BAT 43 and BAT 44.U.K.

For integrated RCF paper mills, the BAT-AELs include emissions from papermaking, since the white water circuits of the paper                     machine are closely connected with those of the stock preparation.                  

###### *BAT-associated emission levels*U.K.

See Table 18 and Table 19.

The BAT-associated emission levels in Table 18 apply also to RCF without deinking pulp mills, and the BAT-associated emission                     levels in Table 19 apply also to RCF with deinking pulp mills.                  

The reference waste water flow for RCF mills is set out in BAT 5.

###### *Table 18*

**BAT-associated emission levels for the direct waste water discharge to receiving waters from the integrated production of                           paper and board from recycled fibres pulp, produced without deinking on site**

###### *Table 19*

**BAT-associated emission levels for the direct waste water discharge to receiving waters from the integrated production of                           paper and board from recycled fibres pulp produced with deinking on site**

The BOD concentration in the treated effluents is expected to be low (around 25 mg/l as a 24-hour composite sample).

##### 1.5.3.**Energy consumption and efficiency**U.K.

###### BAT 46.BAT is to reduce electrical energy consumption within RCF processing paper mills by using a combination of the techniques                        given below.U.K.

#### 1.6.BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR PAPERMAKING AND RELATED PROCESSESU.K.

The BAT conclusions in this section apply to all non-integrated paper mills and board mills and to the paper and board making                     part of integrated kraft, sulphite, CTMP and CMP mills.                  

**BAT 49, BAT 51, BAT 52c and BAT 53** apply to all integrated pulp and paper mills.                  

For integrated kraft, sulphite, CTMP and CMP pulp and paper mills, the process-specific BAT for pulping also apply, in addition                     to the BAT conclusions in this section.                  

##### 1.6.1.**Waste water and emissions to water**U.K.

###### BAT 47.In order to reduce the generation of waste water, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given below.U.K.

###### BAT 48.In order to reduce fresh water use and emissions to water from speciality paper mills, BAT is to use a combination of the                        techniques given below.U.K.

###### BAT 49.In order to reduce emission loads of coating colours and binders which can disturb the biological waste water treatment plant,                        BAT is to use technique (a) given below or, in case this is technically not feasible, technique (b) given below.U.K.

###### BAT 50.In order to prevent and reduce the pollution load of waste water into receiving waters from the whole mill, BAT is to use                        a suitable combination of the techniques specified in BAT 13, BAT 14, BAT 15, BAT 47, BAT 48 and BAT 49.U.K.

###### *BAT-associated emission levels*U.K.

See Table 20 and Table 21.

The BAT-AELs in Table 20 and Table 21 also apply to the paper and board making process of integrated kraft, sulphite, CTMP                     and CMP pulp and paper mills.                  

The reference waste water flow for non-integrated paper and board mills is set out in BAT 5.

###### *Table 20*

**BAT-associated emission levels for the direct waste water discharge to receiving waters from a non-integrated paper and board                           mill (excluding speciality paper)**

The BOD concentration in the treated effluents is expected to be low (around 25 mg/l as a 24-hour composite sample).

###### *Table 21*

**BAT-associated emission levels for the direct waste water discharge to receiving waters from a non-integrated speciality paper                           mill**

##### 1.6.2.**Emissions to air**U.K.

###### BAT 51.In order to reduce VOC emissions from off-line or on-line coaters, BAT is to choose coating colour recipes (compositions)                        that reduce VOC emissions.U.K.

##### 1.6.3.**Waste generation**U.K.

###### BAT 52.In order to minimise the amount of solid waste to be disposed of, BAT is to prevent waste generation and to carry out recycling                        operations by the use of a combination of the techniques given below (see general BAT 20).U.K.

##### 1.6.4.**Energy consumption and efficiency**U.K.

###### BAT 53.In order to reduce the consumption of thermal and electrical energy, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given below.U.K.

#### 1.7.DESCRIPTION OF TECHNIQUESU.K.

##### 1.7.1.**Description of techniques for the prevention and control of emissions to air**U.K.

###### 1.7.1.1.*Dust*U.K.

###### 1.7.1.2.*NOx*U.K.

###### 1.7.1.3.*SO2/TRS emissions prevention and control*U.K.

##### 1.7.2.**Description of techniques to reduce fresh water use/waste water flow and the pollution load in waste water**U.K.

###### 1.7.2.1.*Process integrated techniques*U.K.

###### 1.7.2.2.*Waste water treatment*U.K.

##### 1.7.3.**Description of techniques for waste generation prevention and waste management**U.K.

1

OJ L 334, 17.12.2010, p. 17.                           

2

OJ C 146, 17.5.2011, p. 3.                           

3

https://circabc.europa.eu/w/browse/6516b21a-7f84-4532-b0e1-52d411bd0309