# Patent

## Title
Method of shielding a swing arm in a seating arrangement having a movable seat

## Abstract

A protective shroud for a swing arm includes a housing made of two shroud sections that are snapped together around the base of a fixed seating arrangement. The assembled shroud includes two rectangular openings on its sides configured to allow the swing arms of the fixed seating arrangement to pivot on their axes within the shroud. The rectangular openings also include grooves on their upper and lower edges configured to receive a slidable rectangular shield member with a circular opening in its center. The rectangular shields fit over the opposed swing arms and slide within the grooves in the shroud halves as the swing arms pivot, thereby restricting access to the pinch points of the swing arms.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a divisional of application Ser. No. 10/866,574 filed Jun. 12, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,370,909.


BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to fixed seating arrangements, and more particularly to a swing arm shroud with a sliding shield member for restricting access to pinch points on a swing arm assembly of a fixed seating arrangement.
Fixed seating arrangements incorporating cantilevered swing arms are a well known alternative to traditional seating arrangements. Fixed seating arrangements utilizing swing arm assemblies are commonly found in lecture halls, classrooms, laboratories, and restaurants. Examples of such fixed seating arrangements are illustrated in Protzman et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,535,999, Barecki et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,486,790, Ostertag, U.S. Pat. No. 3,709,555, and Allen, U.S. Pat. No. 5,683,065, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
Each of the noted patents discloses common design features incorporated into fixed seating arrangements utilizing swing arm assemblies. Many of these seating arrangements typically include an elongated table or counter supported by an upwardly extending pedestal. The pedestal is permanently secured to the floor via a base member. Attached to the pedestal near the base member is typically at least one laterally extending chair support arm. The support arm is attached to the pedestal, for example, by a tubular support sleeve. A pivotal connection is interposed between the sleeve and the chair support arm. The pivotal connection allows the chair to be pivoted on the cantilevered support arm within a predetermined range between a sitting position near the table and an entry or exit position away from the table. The pivotal connection, however, while beneficial in providing ease of entry and exit from a chair, creates potentially hazardous pinch points.
In response to this problem, the prior art has demonstrated numerous possible solutions. For example, Allen, U.S. Pat. No. 5,683,065, discloses a journal box and cover configured to shield portions of the connection of the cantilevered support arm and the pedestal. The journal box, however, does not completely restrict access to the pinch point and is limited to support arms that hang from a pedestal. Furthermore, the journal box does not provide an easy means to remove the box if maintenance on the assembly is required.
Protzman, U.S. Pat. No. 3,535,000, Barecki et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,486,790 and others do not provide any additional shield members. Instead, these assemblies have attempted to alleviate the problem by providing a tight fit within the joint structure formed between the annular housing and the support flanges. This approach is unsatisfactory because, even when the fixed seating arrangement is initially installed and the joint is tightly arranged, there still exist thin pinch points capable of snagging loose clothing or paper. As the assembly undergoes additional use in the lecture hall or other area, the materials begin to wear, the joints loosen and the pinch points become more defined, thereby creating a hazard for fingers as well as clothing, books and papers. Furthermore, because the area remains exposed, it becomes prone to accumulation of dust, dirt and grease and other contaminants.
It can thus be appreciated that there is a need for an improved protective member for the pivotal connection of cantilevered swing arm seating arrangements. In view of the foregoing, it is one object to provide a shroud that restricts access to pinch points associated with swing arm assemblies while maintaining a desired maximum operative range and avoiding the problems associated with prior art fixed seating arrangements.
It is another object of the subject invention to provide a shield assembly that may be utilized in connection with any variety of fixed seating components and swing arm arrangements, and is not limited to any preferred swing arm arrangement.
A still further object of the invention is to provide a protective shroud with a sliding shield member which does not require significant modifications to existing fixed seating arrangements. Yet another object of the invention is to provide such a shroud which is effective but is relatively inexpensive to manufacture.
Consistent with the foregoing objects, the present invention contemplates a protective shroud, a shield assembly with a sliding shield member configured to restrict access to the pinch points in a swing arm assembly, and a method of restricting access to pinch points in a swing arm assembly, which are disclosed in suitable detail to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, a shield assembly includes a housing unit defining a base receiving region. The housing includes an opening in an upper wall, which is configured to allow a table support pedestal to extend therethrough. The housing further includes a side wall opening configured to allow lateral movement of a pivotable chair swing arm, and a shield member having edge areas that extend beyond the edges of the side wall opening. That is, the shield member is longer and wider than the side wall opening. The shield member is slidably connected to the housing, and is configured to fit around the pivotable swing arm, to restrict access into the base receiving region of the housing. The shield assembly includes upper and lower interior grooves located near the upper and lower edges, respectively, of the housing side wall opening, and which slidably retain and receive the shield member. The housing may be formed of two halves configured to attach to one another via a snap fit arrangement including opposed attachment tabs and tab receiving recesses. The shield member includes a circular opening configured to receive the pivotable swing arm therethrough, and a slot extending from the opening to allow the shield member to be positioned on the pivotable swing arm.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a method of restricting access to the pinch points of a swing arm assembly includes the steps of providing a shield member for a fixed seating assembly that includes a housing unit defining a table base receiving region, and an opening in an upper wall of the housing unit configured to allow a table support pedestal to extend therethrough. The housing includes a side wall opening configured to allow lateral movement of a pivotable chair support arm connected to the pedestal, and a shield member that is both longer and wider than the side wall opening, and which is configured to fit around the pivotable chair support arm. The method further includes the steps of placing the shield member over the chair support arm and placing the housing around a table base, such that the shield member engages the housing.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a protective shroud for a swing arm assembly includes a housing with at least one side opening for accommodating pivotable movement of a swing arm. The housing is configured to be placed over the swing arm adjacent its inner end, and includes a slidably attached shield member configured to fit around the swing arm. The shield member is configured to move within the housing when the swing arm is moved relative to the housing, and restricts access into the housing interior region from the side opening.
These, and other, aspects and objects of the present invention will be better appreciated and understood when considered in conjunction with the following description and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood, however, that the following description, while indicating a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is given by way of illustration and not of limitation. Many changes and modifications may be made within the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit thereof, and the invention includes all such changes and modifications.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The drawings illustrate the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a fixed seating arrangement incorporating the swing arm shroud constructed according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded isometric view illustrating the components of the swing arm shroud incorporated in the seating arrangement illustrated in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a partial section view of the shroud taken along line 3-3 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a partial section view of the shroud taken along line 4-4 of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a partial section view of the shroud taken along line 5-5 of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged partial section view of the of a portion of the shroud illustrated in FIG. 3, showing the swing arm and shield in a first position; and
FIG. 7 is an enlarged partial section view similar to FIG. 6, showing the swing arm and shield in a second position



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In describing the preferred embodiment of the invention which as illustrated in the drawings, specific terminology will be resorted to for the sake of clarity. However, it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific terms so selected and it is to be understood that each specific term includes all technical equivalents which operate in a similar manner to accomplish a similar purpose. For example, the word “connected” or terms similar thereto are often used. Such terms are not limited to direct connection but include connection through other elements where such connection is recognized as being equivalent by those skilled in the art.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a fixed seating arrangement 20 incorporating the inventive swing arm shroud 22 of the present invention is illustrated. While the inventive aspects of the swing arm shroud 22 are applicable to a wide variety of cantilevered swing arm assemblies, for convenience and exemplary purposes only, the invention will be described with reference to the fixed seating arrangement 20 illustrated in FIG. 1. Fixed seating arrangement 20 includes a desk top 23 and chairs 24a, 24b. Desk top 22 is supported by a pedestal 28 extending upwardly from a base 26 enclosed within shroud 22. A pair of cantilevered swing arms 30a, 30b extend substantially horizontally from the base 26 and are connected to pivot members 36a, 36b. Swing arms 30a, 30b have tubular seat posts 38a, 38b extending upwardly at their distal ends. Tubular seat posts 38a, 38b provide a connection for and support chairs 24a, 24b, respectively.
As illustrated in FIGS. 2-4, base 26 includes a floor engaging structure 32, a swing arm pivot housing 34 including pivot members 36a, 36b and a shroud support bracket 35. Pivot assemblies of this type are well known in the art and can take a variety of configurations, however, in the illustrated embodiment pivot housing 34 includes swing arm front pivot stops 44a, 44b and swing arm rear pivot stops 46a, 46b. The distance between front pivot stops 44a, 44b and rear pivot stops 46a, 46b will be generally referred to as the pivot range of the swing arms 30a, 30b. The space between swing arms 30a, 30b and front pivot stops 44a, 44b define first pinch points 48a, 48b and the space between the swing arms 30a, 30b and the rear pivot stops 46a, 46b define second pinch points 50a, and 50b. 
FIGS. 2, 4 and 5 illustrate the swing arm shroud 22 incorporated into the fixed seating arrangement 20 for preventing access to pinch points 48a, 48b and 50a, 50b. Shroud 22 defines a housing unit formed of two shroud halves 40a, 40b. When assembled together, shroud halves 40a, 40b define an enclosure having two trapezoidal shroud side walls, 42a, 42b, a trapezoidal shroud rear wall 39, a trapezoidal front wall 41 and a top wall 47. In the illustrated embodiment, front wall 41 defines a circular opening 52 configured to receive components of a power input assembly generally shown at 54. In a manner as is known, a box 43 may be mounted to the underside of desk top 23, for use in a power and/or data distribution system associated with fixed seating arrangement 20. Wiring associated with power input assembly 54 is interconnected with box 43, and in turn is interconnected with the power distribution system of fixed seating arrangement 20. Power input assembly 54 is an optional feature of some fixed seating arrangements, which provides outlets on the desk top 22 for laptops and other electronic devices.
It is understood that the assembled shroud 22 could take a variety of different shapes and configurations in accordance with the present invention. Shroud 22, for example, could alternatively be circular. Regardless of the desired shape, the assembled shroud 22 defines an internal base receiving region 31 large enough to receive and cover the assembled components of the seat base 26, including the swing arm pivot housing 34 and shroud support bracket 35, while substantially aligning with the base ground engaging structure 32.
Alternatively, it is understood that the inventive aspects of shroud 22 could be incorporated into fixed seating arrangements wherein the pivot housing 34 including pivot members 36a, 36b are positioned upwardly on the pedestal 28 away from the base. In such a configuration, shroud 22 covers pivot housing 34 and pivot members 36a, 36b but does not engage or cover the floor engaging base.
Still referring to FIGS. 2, 4 and 5 assembled shroud 22 includes a substantially rectangular opening 49 formed in each of side walls 42a, 42b. Rectangular opening 49 is configured to provide sufficient clearance for swing arms 30a, 30b to move the entire predetermined pivot range without any interference with the edges of opening 49. Thus, the width of the rectangular opening 49 is slightly greater than the pivot range and the height of the rectangular opening 49 is slightly greater than the vertical dimension of the swing arms 30a, 30b while further compensating for any angle of the swing arm in relation to the pedestal 28. Assembled shroud 22 also includes a circular top opening 56 configured to allow the pedestal 28 to pass therethrough. Shroud support bracket 35 provides alignment of the shroud halves 40a, 40b as the shroud halves 40a, 40b are moved together, and further provides support for shroud 22 formed by the assembled shroud halves 40a, 40b. 
It is understood that shroud halves 40a, 40b could be attached in a variety of ways such as hingedly attached, or attached by fasteners. It is further understood that shroud 22 could alternatively be comprised of a single preassembled piece. In the illustrated embodiment, shroud halves 40a, 40b are attached by an engagement tab 58 engaging a retaining flange 60. As illustrated in FIG. 2, each shroud half 40a, 40b includes a semi-flexible tab 58 projecting from a lower end of side wall 42a. Tab 58 is comprised of a rectangular extension 61 and an angled lip 62 having a thickness greater than that of the rectangular extension 61. The difference in thickness between the angled lip 62 and the extension 61 defines a recess area 63 configured to fit around retaining flange 60 when lip 62 engages flange 60. Retaining flange 60 is a rectangular projection located on the lower end of an opposite side wall 42b and aligned with tab 58. Each shroud half 40a, 40b includes at least one tab 58 and one retaining flange 60, which are configured to align with an opposed tab 58 and retaining flange 60 on the opposite shroud half such that shroud halves 40a, 40b may be secured to one another via a snap-fit arrangement. In addition, each shroud half 40a, 40b further includes an upper tab 59 configured similarly to retaining tab 58, and which is adapted to engage a recess formed in an upper retaining flange 65 associated with the opposite shroud half.
Referring now to FIGS. 2-5, the assembled internal walls of the shroud 22 define an upper groove 64 and a lower groove 66 configured to slidably receive a partially flexible protective shield 70 therein. Upper 64 and lower 66 grooves are located on the interior of side walls 42a, 42b adjacent the upper and lower edges of the opening 49, respectively. Upper 64 and lower 66 grooves may extend a length slightly greater than the length of the opening 49, and provide a path for guiding sliding movement of shield 70, in a manner to be explained. Alternatively, due to the length of shield 70, grooves 64 and 66 may simply extend a partial distance near the ends of the opening, as long as such distance allows grooves 64, 66 to retain shield 70 throughout its sliding motion, as will be described below.
Shield 70 is a rectangular member with a circular opening 72 in its center configured to receive a swing arm 30a, 30b therethrough. It is desirable that shield 70 be comprised of a slightly flexible material such as a flexible thermoplastic material, to enable a shield 70 to be easily attached to each the swing arms 30a, 30b while still sliding within grooves 64, 66 and preventing access to the internal base receiving region 31. In order to adequately restrict access to pinch points 48a, 48b and 50a, 50b throughout the predetermined pivot range, while at the same time not inhibiting the motion of the swing arms, the shield 70 has a length slightly greater than rectangular opening 49 of the shroud 22. As will be described in greater detail below, shield 70 is configured to slide along grooves 64, 66 and to maintain opening 49 closed, regardless of the position of the swing arms 30a, 30b. 
As noted above, shield 70 defines a circular opening 72 in its center configured to fit tightly around swing arms 30a, 30b. It is understood that the particular configuration of the opening can take a variety of shapes and is dictated by the shape of the swing arms 30a, 30b. Extending from the opening 72 on one side of the shield is a slot 76. Slot 76 allows the shield member to be bent and manipulated in order to easily install shield 70 over swing arms 30a, 30b during assembly of the shroud 22.
Turning now to FIGS. 3, 6 and 7, the motion of the shield 70 within the shroud 22 will be described. FIG. 3 illustrates the swing arms 30a, 30b in their center position, with shield 70 engaged with grooves 64, 66. Each swing arm 30a, 30b extends through rectangular opening 49 of one of shields 70. While in this position, shield 70 is essentially centered within the rectangular opening 49 and access to the internal base receiving region 31 through the opening 49 is restricted by shield 70.
FIG. 6 illustrates the swing arm 30b in a first rearward position. In this rearward position, swing arm 30b is pivoted backward, and engages swing arm rear pivot stop 46a. As illustrated, swing arm shield 70 has moved with swing arm 30b within the path defined by grooves 64, 66. Because shield 70 is longer and wider than the rectangular opening 49, despite its lateral movement within the grooves 64, 66, opening 49 remains covered by shield 70.
FIG. 7 illustrates the swing arm 30b in a second forward position. In the second forward position, swing arm 30b has pivoted forward and engages swing arm front pivot stop 44a. Swing arm shield 70 has moved with swing arm 30b within the path defined by grooves 64, 66. Because shield 70 is longer and wider than the rectangular opening 49, despite its lateral movement within the grooves 64, 66, opening 49 remains covered. Thus, as illustrated in FIGS. 3, 6 and 7, regardless of the movement of the pivot member and attached swing arm, the attached sliding shield 70 keeps the rectangular opening 49 closed, thereby preventing the possibility of interference with pinch points 48a, 48b, 50a and 50b. Furthermore, because shield 70 moves with the pivot arms, 30a, 30b, movement of the pivot arms is not restricted in any way.
In order to assemble the shroud 22 on a fixed seating arrangement 20, a user first places shields 70 over swing arms 30a, 30b. In order to position the shields 70, a user bends the shields 70 along slots 76 to create an opening that enable shields 70 to be positioned over swing arms 30a, 30b. Once in place, shields 70 are adjusted along the swing arms 30a, 30b to a position where they will align with the grooves 64, 66 of the shroud halves 40a, 40b. The shroud halves 40a, 40b are brought together around base 26 such that the halves 40a and 40b are aligned and supported on shroud support bracket 35. As the halves are brought together, the tabs 58 engage retaining flanges 60, the upper tabs 59 engage retaining flanges 65, and the shields 70 engage grooves 64, 66. The halves 40a, 40b are then snapped together and the shroud 22 is assembled.
Floor engagement structure 32 is in the form of a floor plate, which is typically welded to the lower end of pedestal 28 and is adapted to be mounted to the floor or other supporting surface. A lower skirt 80 is located below shroud 22, and is retained in position by clips (not shown) that are sandwiched between the floor and the floor plate. Skirt 80 includes an upstanding side wall 82, which extends upwardly from the floor a predetermined distance. The floor plate may be oriented at an angle relative to horizontal, to accommodate a slope in the floor to which seating arrangement 20 is mounted. Side wall 82 of skirt 80 is therefore oriented at an angle corresponding to the slope of the floor. The open lower end of shroud 22 surrounds skirt side wall 82, and is configured such that the lower edge of shroud 22 is located below the upper edge of skirt side wall 82, to provide a closed, finished appearance.
With the construction as shown and described, all of the internal components associated with the base 26 are concealed within the internal base receiving region 31 defined by the shroud 22. Thus, shroud 22 restricts access to pinch points 50a, 50b, 48a, 48b as well as provides a more finished look than prior art assemblies. Shroud 22 also serves to prevent exposure of the base components to moisture, dirt, dust or other contaminants.
While the above description is given by way of example, it is recognized that numerous other configurations could be utilized with the inventive aspects of the shroud 22 and are included in the present invention. Although the best mode contemplated by the inventor of carrying out the present invention is disclosed above, practice of the present invention is not limited thereto. As noted throughout the application, numerous alternative configurations of swing arm assemblies could be used with the shroud 22. It will be manifest that various additions, modifications and rearrangements of the features of the present invention may be made without deviating from the spirit and scope of the underlying inventive concept. Moreover, the individual components need not be formed in the disclosed shapes, or assembled in the disclosed configuration, but could be provided in a variety of shapes, and assembled in a variety of configurations.
All such alternatives, additions, modifications and rearrangements are contemplated as being within the scope of the following claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter regarded as the invention.

## Claims

1. A method of restricting access to pinch points on a fixed seating arrangement including a movable arm assembly, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a movable shield assembly for a fixed seating arrangement incorporating a movable arm, comprising:
a housing defining an interior, wherein the housing includes at least one housing side wall having an opening configured to allow lateral movement of the movable arm; and
a movable shield member having edge areas that extend beyond edges defined by the side wall opening, wherein the shield member is configured to fit around and move with the movable arm within the housing and restrict access into the interior of the housing;
placing the shield member over the movable arm; and
movably engaging the shield member with the housing in the interior thereof by moving the movable arm together with the shield member such that the shield member continuously restricts access to the opening in the housing.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the housing further comprises an upper and a lower interior groove located near upper and lower edges of the housing side wall opening configured to slidably retain and receive the shield member, and further comprising the steps of placing the housing such that the shield member engages the housing and positioning the shield member in the interior grooves.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the housing is comprised to two sections and the step of placing the housing is carried out by engaging the sections together onto the shield member.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the sections include snap fitting members comprising at least one attachment tab and one tab retaining flange on opposed sides of the housing sections, and further comprising the step of engaging at least one attachment tab with at least one tab receiving recess on opposed sides of the housing sections.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the shield member includes an opening with a slot extending therefrom configured to receive the movable arm therethrough, and wherein the step of placing the shield member over the movable arm is carried out by opening the shield member at the slot and fitting the shield member over the movable arm.