# Patent

## Title
Exercise apparatus

## Abstract

This description is not intended to limit the scope of the claims herein. An exercise device comprising a base that can be oriented at any angle and that defines a plurality of connection interfaces, each of which is designed to carry and restrain one end of a cantilevered resilient member. Said connection interfaces can be positioned at or adjusted to a widely varying range of locations and angular orientations with respect to the base. The resilient members can be affixed to any of the connection interfaces that the user desires, so that the resilient members can be positioned in a correspondingly wide range of locations and angular orientations relative to the base to enable the user to perform a wide range of exercises on the apparatus by gripping and exerting a force on the resilient members or other handles attached to the resilient members.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/721,669, titled CORE STRENGTH RESISTANCE ROD EXERCISE APPARATUS, filed Sep. 29, 2005.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the field of exercise equipment utilizing cantilevered, resilient members for resistance. There are presently several known types of exercise machines and devices available on the market utilizing cantilevered, resilient members to provide resistance training. One such device, the Isotonic-Isometric Device for Exercise and Physical Therapy, U.S. Pat. No. 5,522,783, comprises a single cantilevered, elongated exercise rod attached to a socket that is mounted to a metal base. Different forms of the mounting apparatus, including a vacuum cup for surface mounting, a clamp for table or desk edge mounting, or a special mounting assembly for doorway mounting, permit the metal base supporting the single resilient member to be mounted to various surfaces or objects. The Isotonic-Isometric Device is limited to a single resilient member and is not free standing but, rather, depends upon the availability of a suitable mounting surface or object. Additionally, the magnitude of resistance that can be achieved by the Isotonic-Isometric Device is directly dependant on the robustness of the mounting apparatus and the surface or object that this device is mounted to, and the orientation of the resistance member is not readily adjustable.
Another device that utilizes resilient members to provide resistance training, through a cable pulley system, is the Universal Exercising Machine, U.S. Pat. No. 4,620,704. Generally, this device comprises a collapsible, rigid frame, a plurality of cantilevered resilient members, two cables connecting a handle attachment to the cantilevered resilient members, and a sliding bench. The cables are necessary components to operate this device. To utilize this device, the user grips the chosen handle attachment and exerts a force on the cables causing the cantilevered resistance members to bend and, hence, generate resistance. Resistance is generated by the cantilevered, resilient members when the cables are pulled by the user. Because the cables, which are a necessary element of the Universal Exercising Machine, cannot transfer compressive forces, the resistance generated by this device is unidirectional only.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The exercise apparatus of the present invention is not limited to the following description. The following is meant merely as a brief summary of the general features of the exercise apparatus of the present invention. A more complete written description is listed below. The exercise apparatus of the present invention comprises a base member that can be free standing or mounted to any horizontal, vertical, or angled surface. Resilient members, such as rods of plastic, can be removably or permanently mounted in a cantilevered fashion to the base member at any of a wide range of locations or angular orientations, so that one end of the resilient member is fixed to the base member and the other end of the resilient member is unrestrained. The user can perform a wide range of strength and physical therapy exercises for many if not all of the various muscle groups of the body by grasping the somewhat stiff resilient members in his or her hands and exerting a force on the unrestrained portion of the resilient member in any direction that is generally transverse to the longitudinal centerline of the resilient member, causing the resilient member to bend in flexure. The resilient members are preferably designed to enable multi-directional resistance and can be used independently or simultaneously, permitting the user to exercise multiple different muscles simultaneously. The apparatus is preferably designed so that it can support the user in a free standing, kneeling, or sitting position, or any other position that will maximize core strength training in a manner not generally feasible with conventional devices comprising flat benches, walls, or other similar stabilizing structures. Further, the exercise apparatus of the present invention can be readily configured for home use with little instruction to enable the user to exercise and strengthen virtually every muscle group and/or joint of the body and at any widely variable level of resistance by changing the orientation, location, and/or stiffness of the resilient members.
Other objects and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood, however, that the drawings are designed for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended as a definition of the limits of the invention.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the exercise apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 1a is an aerial view of the embodiment of the exercise apparatus of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 1.
FIG. 1b is a sectional view of the embodiment of the exercise apparatus of the present invention illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 1a taken along line 1b-1b in FIG. 1a. 
FIGS. 2 through 10 illustrate various applications of the exercise apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the exercise apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the exercise apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 12a is a side view of the embodiment of the exercise apparatus of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 12.
FIG. 13 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the exercise apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a sectional view of the embodiment of the exercise apparatus of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 13 along line 14-14.
FIG. 15 is an aerial view of an embodiment of the exercise apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 15a is a side view of the embodiment of the exercise apparatus of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 15.
FIG. 16 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the exercise apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 17 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the exercise apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 18 is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of the exercise apparatus of the present invention
FIG. 19 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the exercise apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 20 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the exercise apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 21 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the exercise apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 21a is a back view of the embodiment of the exercise apparatus of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 21 taken along line 21a-21a in FIG. 21.
FIGS. 22a, 22b, and 22c are sectional views of an embodiment of the resilient member of the present invention.
FIG. 23 is a sectional view of the embodiment of the resilient member of the present invention taken along line 23-23 in FIG. 22a. 
FIG. 24a is a sectional view of an embodiment of the resilient member and an embodiment of the connection interface of the present invention.
FIG. 24b is a sectional view of an embodiment of the resilient member and an embodiment of the connection interface of the present invention.
FIG. 24c is a sectional view of an embodiment of the resilient member and an embodiment of the connection interface of the present invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
An exercise apparatus of the present invention comprising one or more resilient members for exercising is described herein. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth by way of exemplary embodiments in order to provide a more thorough description of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. Unless specifically noted, it is intended that the words and phrases in the specification and claims be given the ordinary and accustomed meaning as understood by those of ordinary skill in the applicable art or arts. If any other meaning is intended, that special meaning will be disclosed herein. Furthermore, the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific details of the embodiments described below. As an example, the number, location, and orientation of the connection interfaces 56 of each of the embodiment of the exercise apparatus of the present invention are not limited to the number, location, and orientation of the connection interfaces 56 illustrated herein.
Referring now in detail to the drawings, the embodiment of the exercise apparatus of the present invention illustrated in each of the FIGS. 1, 1a, and 1b comprises a base 30 and a pair of resilient members 62. The base 30 illustrated in FIGS. 1, 1a, and 1b is free standing, horizontally oriented, and is resting on ground surface X. Other embodiments of the base can be oriented horizontally, vertically, or at any other angle, and can either free standing or can be fixed to a supporting surface. The base 30 illustrated in FIGS. 1, 1a, and 1b is preferably designed to support the user of the exercise apparatus in a standing, kneeling, sitting or other position and carries one end of the resilient members 62. The base 30 can be formed in a wide variety of configurations. In the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 1, 1a, and 1b, base 30 comprises protruding base portion 36 (also referred to herein as a base member), back surface 42, front surface 44, left surface 46, right surface 48, primary surface 50, a plurality of left side connection interfaces 56′ located between centerline 38 and left surface 46, and a plurality of right side connection interfaces 56′′ located between centerline 38 and right surface 48. The embodiment of each connection interface of the present invention is preferably configured to provide a removable securement for an end portion of a resilient member such that the resilient member extends therefrom in a cantilevered disposition and can be formed of a channel either partially or fully protruding through the base.
The connection interfaces 56 illustrated in FIG. 1 preferably define an inner surface having substantially the same geometrical configuration as the outer surface of the portion of the resilient member 62 (i.e., either the fixed end of the resilient member 62′ or the insert 64) that is in communication with the connection interface 56. The left and right side connection interfaces 56′ and 56′′ are preferably positioned on the base 30 at a wide-ranging variety of locations and angular orientations relative to the base. In the embodiments of the exercise apparatus illustrated in FIGS. 1-10, left side connection interfaces 56′ are located and oriented symmetrically with respect to right side connection interfaces 56′′ about centerline 38 so that the user can simultaneously perform identical exercise motions on the left and right side of the users body, as illustrated in FIG. 2. However, the exercise apparatus of the present invention is not so limited. The exercise apparatus of the present invention permits a widely variable number of locations and orientations of the connection interfaces 56 relative to the user beyond those illustrated in FIG. 1 or any other figure herein, and while the symmetry of the left side connection interfaces 56′ with respect to the right side connection interfaces 56′′ is preferable, it is not required.
Resilient members 62 are preferably formed from a rod of resilient plastic and can be removably or permanently attached to any connection interface 56 such as any of the left side connection interfaces 56′, the right side connection interfaces 56′′ illustrated in FIGS. 1-10, and/or in any other connection interface 56 illustrated in any of the embodiments described herein or within the scope of the present invention. For many exercises, the user would prefer only one or two resilient members 62 to be simultaneously attached to the connection interfaces 56. The connection interfaces 56 effectively restrain one end of the resilient member 62 in a cantilevered fashion so that the user can perform exercises by grasping the unrestrained portion of the resilient members 62 in his or her hands and exerting a generally transverse force on the unrestrained portion of the resilient member, causing the resilient member to bend in flexure. The stiffness of the resilient member provides the resistance needed for performing the desired exercises. The resilient members preferably permit multi-directional resistance and can preferably be used independently or simultaneously, permitting the user to perform multiple different exercises simultaneously.
The protruding base portion or base member 36 preferably comprises additional connection interfaces 56 at a wide range of locations and angular orientations relative to the user. The protruding base portion or base member 36 can be formed in a wide variety of configurations and can be bolted, screwed, hinged, welded, glued, or otherwise permanently or removably fastened to the base using any suitable or similar means of attachment. When the base is generally horizontally oriented, such as when resting on a ground surface, the base 30 can preferably support the weight of the user of the device positioned in a two leg stance, one leg stance, kneeling, sitting, or in any similar or desired exercise position on the primary surface 50. Further, a wobble board 112 of the kind found in the prior art, as illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 14, or a balance platform, or any other similar rehabilitation, exercise, or balance training devices, can also be used with the present invention to increase the difficulty and, hence, the benefit of using the exercise apparatus of the present invention.
The base 30 and protruding base portion or base member 36 can be manufactured from any generally stiff material, including wood, plastic, fiber reinforced plastic, metal, or any composite thereof. In the embodiments disclosed herein, the perimeter of the base 30 can be any geometry such as a square, rectangle, circle, oval, or any other desired shape. The embodiments of the base 30 designed for horizontal orientation preferably have a width of approximately twenty-four inches to approximately thirty-six inches and a length of approximately forty-eight inches. The embodiments of the base 30 designed for vertical orientation, as illustrated in FIG. 12, preferably have a width of approximately three inches to approximately thirty-six inches and a height preferably in the range of approximately twelve inches to approximately seventy-two inches. However, the dimensions of the base 30 are not so confined. The base can formed in a wide variety of configurations and dimensions beyond those illustrated and described herein.
Additionally, stiffening members, “I” beams, or other structural members manufactured from any generally stiff material, including plastic, fiber reinforced or otherwise, metal, or any composite thereof, can be attached to base 30 to increase the rigidity of the base. Such stiffener panels, “I” beams, or other structural members would be preferably attached to the bottom surface 52 of the base 30. The base 30 can comprise base pads 76 attached to the base using bolts 54, which can serve multiple functions. First, the length of the base pads 76 can be adjusted so as to level the base on uneven surfaces. Additionally, as illustrated most clearly in FIGS. 1b and 12a, base pads 76 provide space between the bottom base surface 52 and the ground X or wall W so that the resilient members 62 can be fully engaged in the connection interfaces 56 without interference with the ground surface or wall.
The operation of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 2-10 and examples of different exercises that can be performed using the exercise apparatus of the present invention. Each of these exercises has a primary benefit to particular muscle groups of the user's body, which are identified in the descriptions below. The following descriptions are not, however, exhaustive of the capabilities of the exercise apparatus of the present invention but merely disclose some of these capabilities so that the reader better understands some modes of operation of the exercise apparatus of the present invention. FIGS. 2-10 contain schematic illustrations of the user's upper forearms and upper arms (each represented by ovals), hands (represented by circles), lower and upper legs (represented by ovals), or feet (represented by rectangles), as well as other parts of the body necessary for understanding. Solid lines are used to represent the initial position of the user's body parts and resilient members 62. Dashed lines are used to represent the positions of the body parts and resilient members 62′ and 62′′ after force has been applied to the resilient members 62 for the particular exercise described. A wide-ranging variety of exercises can be performed on the exercise apparatus of the present invention by varying the location, orientation, and posture of the user relative to the base 30, by varying the location and orientation of the resilient members 62 relative to the user, by varying the level of resistance of the resilient members 62, or by using different handles as illustrated in FIG. 19.
FIG. 2 illustrates the use of the exercise apparatus of the present invention for exercising mostly the chest, shoulders, and arms. In FIG. 2, the user stands upright on primary surface 50 at the lateral center of the base 30 facing two resilient members 62 that are attached to connection interfaces 56b′ and 56b′′ spaced approximately the user's shoulder width apart. For this exercise, the user stands close to and grips the resilient members 62 with bent arms, and simultaneously pushes each of the resilient members 62 away from the user's body to resilient member positions 62′ and 62′′, and then returns the resilient members 62 to their initial position. This exercise is known as the chest press. Other exercises can be performed by inserting resilient members 62 into connection interface 56a′, 56b′, 56c′, or 56d′, and 56a′′, 56b′′, 56c′′, or 56d′′, each of which has a different angular orientation. As discussed, each connection interface is designed to restrain one end of the resilient member 62. Thus, varying the angular orientation of the connection interfaces 56 varies the angular orientation of the resilient members relative to the user such that the user can perform different exercises by attaching the resilient member to a different connection interface.
FIG. 3 illustrates the use of the exercise apparatus of the present invention for exercising mostly the upper and mid back, shoulders, and arms. In FIG. 3, the user stands upright on primary surface 50 at the lateral center of the base 30 at approximately an arm's length distance from the two vertically oriented resilient members 62 again inserted into connection interfaces 56b′ and 56b′′. Grasping the resilient members 62 directly with his or her hands, the user simultaneously pulls the resilient members 62 toward the user's body to resilient member positions 62′ and 62′′, and then returns the resilient members 62 to their initial position.
The exercise illustrated in FIG. 4 is a combination of the exercises performed in FIGS. 2 and 3. For this exercise, the user stands upright on primary surface 50 at the lateral center of the base 30 with arms slightly bent in front of the user's body, grasping the resilient members 62 again inserted into connection interfaces 56b′ and 56b′′ The user first pushes the resilient member 62 located in connection interface 56b′′, bending the resilient member 62 to position 62′′. This mostly exercises the right side of the user's chest, shoulders, and arms. The user simultaneously pulls the resilient member 62 located in connection interface 56b′, bending the resilient member 62 to position 62′. This mostly exercises the left side of the user's upper and mid back, shoulders, and arms. The user then returns both resilient members 62 to the original position and then alternates the forces applied to each resilient member 62 such that the user applies a pulling force to the resilient member 62 located in connection interface 56b′′ and a pushing force to the resilient member 62 located in connection interface 56b′ and then, again, returning both resilient members 62 to their initial position. By alternating, the user is able to simultaneously exercise back, shoulder, arm, and chest muscles.
FIG. 5 illustrates the use of the exercise apparatus of the present invention for upper body conditioning exercise mostly for the chest, anterior shoulder, and arms. For this exercise, the user stands on primary surface 50 in an upright position at the lateral center of the base 30 facing two resilient members 62 that are inserted into connection interfaces 56i′ and 56i′′, which are spaced laterally narrower that the user's shoulder width and angled back toward but laterally away from the user's body. For this exercise, the user extends his or her arms laterally so that his or her hands are approximately shoulder height with arms slightly bent, grasps the resilient members 62 directly with his or her hands, simultaneously pushes the resilient members 62 forward toward resilient member positions 62′ and 62′′, and then returns the resilient members 62 to the initial position. The user can alter the motion of this exercise by inserting resilient members 62 into any of the other connection interfaces 56i′, 56j′, or 56k′, and 56i′′, 56j′′, or 56k′′, each of which hosts a different angular orientation relative to the user.
FIG. 6 illustrates the use of the exercise apparatus of the present invention for upper body conditioning exercise mostly for the upper and mid back, shoulders, and arms. For this exercise, the resilient members 62 are inserted in connection interfaces 56h′ and 56h′′, which are both oriented such that the tops of each of the resilient members 62 are angled toward the base centerline 38. The user begins the exercise with each of his or her hands in a closer proximity to one another and pulls each of the resilient members 62 at a slightly outward angle relative to base centerline 38, forcing the resilient members 62 to bend to resilient member positions 62′ and 62′′, and then returns the resilient members 62 to their initial position.
FIG. 7 illustrates the use of the exercise apparatus of the present invention for upper body conditioning exercise mostly for the upper back, shoulders, and arms. The user stands on primary surface 50 in an upright position at the lateral center of the base 30 with arms extending in front of the user's body but slightly bent, elbows in line with the user's shoulder and hand, facing resilient members 62 inserted in connection interfaces 56h′ and 56h′′. Grasping the resilient members 62, the user simultaneously pulls each of the resilient members 62 away from base centerline 38 and away from back surface 42 in a controlled movement to resilient member positions 62′ and 62′′, and then returns the resilient members 62 to their initial position.
FIG. 8 illustrates the use of the exercise apparatus of the present invention for upper body conditioning mostly for the upper shoulders and arms. For this exercise, the user stands on primary surface 50 at the lateral center of the base 30 with knees slightly bent and waist slightly bent so that his or her upper body is angled forward, gripping resilient members 62, inserted in connection interfaces 56l, just above the user's shoulders. The user simultaneously pushes each of the resilient members 62 up and away from the user's shoulders to resilient member position 62′ and then returns the resilient members to the initial position.
FIG. 9 illustrates the use of the exercise apparatus of the present invention for upper body conditioning exercise mostly for the upper and lower legs, upper cervical musculature, upper trapezius shoulders, and lower back. This exercise is known as a squat shrug. For this exercise, the user stands on primary surface 50 at the lateral center of the base 30 facing protruding base portion 36, with knees bent, upper body mostly upright, and with arms straight down at the user's sides, gripping both resilient members 62 just below the user's knees. Using mainly leg and trapezius muscles, the user thrusts upward straightening his or her knees to a standing position while simultaneously shrugging his or her shoulders upward to resilient member positions 62′ and then returns the resilient members 62 to their initial position.
FIG. 10 illustrates the use of the exercise apparatus of the present invention mainly for exercising the user's arms. For this exercise, the user kneels on primary surface 50 with back and knees bent facing away from protruding base portion 36, with arms by his or her side and bent at the elbows, gripping resilient members 62 inserted in connection interfaces 56o′ and 56o′′. The user either simultaneously or independently pushes each of the resilient members 62 down toward primary surface 50 to resilient member positions 62′ using mainly only his or her arms, and then returns the resilient members 62 to their initial position.
The embodiment of the exercise apparatus of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 11 comprises base 30a, which is generally horizontally oriented and has a non-flat bottom surface 52a, and resilient members 62 inserted in connection interfaces 56. Base 30a is wide enough for the user to stand with his or her feet approximately a shoulder distance apart and comprises a plurality of connection interfaces 56 at a wide ranging variety of locations and angular orientations. Portions of the base 30a can be made from a material such as metal, plastic, or any other sufficiently rigid material, while other portions such the bottom surface 52a can optionally be made from a pliable material such as rubber or a soft plastic. Having a non-flat bottom surface increases the difficulty and, hence, improves the conditioning benefit to the user by requiring the user to maintain his or her balance while exercising.
The embodiment of the exercise apparatus of the present invention illustrated in FIGS. 12 and 12a comprises a two layer base defining an upper base portion 30b′ and lower base portion 30b′′ spaced apart by base member spacers 58 and affixed together using base bolt 54, and a plurality of connection interfaces 56 at a wide range of locations and angular orientations. Base 30 is generally vertically oriented and attached to a vertical wall surface W using bolts 54, but can be attached to the wall surface, or any other surface, using bolts, screws, adhesive, welds, or any other similar or suitable attachment means. Base pads 76 preferably provide enough space between the bottom surface 52 and the vertical wall surface W to enable the resilient members 62 to fully engage in the connection interfaces to prevent their inadvertent removal without interference with the wall surface. For this embodiment, the user performs many of his or her desired exercises while standing on the ground, either facing toward or away from primary surface 50. Base pads 76 are preferably attached to bottom surface 52 of this or any other base illustrated or described herein using screws, bolts, adhesive, welds, or any or all other suitable attachment means to enable the user to level the base and to provide a space between the base bottom surface 52 and the supporting surface.
The embodiment of the exercise apparatus of the present invention illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 14 comprises base 30c, which is generally horizontally oriented, and resilient members 62a inserted in threaded connection interfaces 56b′ and 56b′′. The base 30c of the embodiment of the exercise apparatus illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 14 is made from two base member portions 30c′ and 30c′′ formed from a wide ranging array of materials such as plastic, metal, wood, fiberglass, or any other similar or suitable material. The base member portions 30c′ and 30c′′ are oriented generally parallel to one another and fixed together using base member spacers 58 and base bolts 54. Base 30c further comprises a plurality of base depressions 78, twelve being shown, each designed for receiving and limiting the lateral movement of a wobble board 112 or other similar device to increase the difficulty of exercises performed by making the user's stance unstable. The number, geometric configuration, and location of each of the base depressions 78 is widely variable. In the embodiment of the exercise apparatus of the present invention illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 14, each of the left side connection interfaces 56′ have a different location and angular orientation, and are each symmetrical with the right side connection interfaces 56′′ about centerline 38.
In addition to being comprised only of a single resilient member, the resilient member of each of the embodiments disclosed in this patent can be comprised of multiple components, as is the resilient member 62′ shown in FIGS. 13 and 14. The resilient members 62a shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 are each comprised of a resilient member 62a′ that has a longitudinal bore 66 extending longitudinally therethrough, a threaded insert 64 which is attached to one end of the resilient member and inserted into the connection interface, a stiffener member 68 inserted into the longitudinal bore 66, and cap 72 that is attached to the unrestrained end of the resilient member to seal the longitudinal bore 66. Again, the resilient members 62a shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 are an alternate embodiment of the other embodiments of the resilient members 62 illustrated or described herein and can be used interchangeably with any of the resilient members, base embodiments, and connection interface embodiments disclosed herein. For the resilient members 62a shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the stiffener member 68 is formed of a resilient rod that can be inserted into the longitudinal bores 66 to increase the resistance provided by the resilient member 62a and can be of any cross-section, round or otherwise, or can be in the form of a helical spring or similar configuration. The cap 72 is preferably fixed to the free end of the resilient member to seal the longitudinal bore 66 and also to serve as an interface with any handle or other similar attachment that the user desires to attach to the resilient members 62a. The cap 72 preferably defines a hole 74 which enables a handle to be bolted to the cap 72. Cap surface 73 and the portion of the inner bore surface 67 at the unrestrained end of the resilient member preferably comprise threads, pins, channels, protrusions, or other suitable locking features to prevent the inadvertent removal of the cap 72.
In the embodiment of the resilient member 62a illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 14, each insert 64 and each connection interface 56 are preferably threaded or comprise other suitable locking features so that, when the inserts 64 are inserted into the connection interfaces, the inserts 64 and, hence, the resilient members 62a, will not become inadvertently disengaged during use. Each insert 64 also serves another function—to provide a common interface with the connection interfaces. A resilient member with a non-circular cross-section could not be securely inserted into a cylindrical connection interface. An insert 64 with a circular cross-sectional portion can be affixed to the end of the non-circular resilient member so that the resilient member can be inserted into the cylindrical connection interface. Furthermore, an effective way to vary the resistance of the exercise is to vary the cross-sectional thickness of the resilient member 64. Attaching an insert 64 with a portion that matches the geometry of the connection interfaces 56 to the end of each such varying resilient member would overcome the mismatch that would otherwise prevent the resilient members of varying cross-sectional configurations that do not match the configuration of the connection interfaces from inserting into the connection interfaces. Thus, each insert 64 provides an interface between the resilient member and the connection interfaces so that resilient members of varying diameter or cross-sectional geometry can be inserted in the same connection interface.
The embodiment of the present invention illustrated in FIGS. 15 and 15a comprises base 30d, which is generally horizontally oriented, and two resilient members 62b, each of which is comprised of resilient member 62W and insert 64. Base 30d is defined by an upper base portion (also referred to herein as a base member) 30d′ and a lower base portion also referred to herein as a first base portion) 30d′′ attached together using bolts 54 and spacers 58. Base 30d defines a handle 84 to facilitate the transport of the base. Connection interfaces 56 are preferably formed in the upper base portion 30d′ only and base spacers 58 provide space between the upper base portion 30d′ and lower base portion 30d′′ to ensure that the resilient members can be sufficiently engaged in the connection interfaces without interference with the lower base portion 30d′′. Upper base portion 30d′ is thick enough in cross-section to enable the resilient members 62′ to engage in the connection interfaces 56 to a depth sufficient to secure the resilient members 62′ and to prevent their inadvertent removal.
The embodiment of the base 30e of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 16 is generally horizontally oriented and comprises main base portion (also referred to herein as a first base portion) 30e′, several horizontally oriented tubular base portions (also referred to herein as base members) 30e′′, two protruding base portions or base members 36 (each of which defines connection interfaces 56 at different locations and orientations relative to the user and can be attached using bolts, welds, or other similar attachment means), and two base pads 76 attached to the base 30 using base bolts 54. The exercise apparatus of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 16 comprises four resilient members 62 simultaneously inserted into four connection interfaces 56. The two resilient members 62 illustrated in phantom lines are shown merely to illustrate the orientation of the connection interfaces 56j′ and 56j′′ only. It is not required or even beneficial that more than one or two resilient members are simultaneously inserted into the connection interfaces. As mentioned, the base 30e is comprised of multiple tubular members or base members preferably formed from tubing with a hollow, rectangular cross-section and one large, flat plate member, fixed together using bolts, screws, brackets, welds, adhesive, notches, protrusions, or by any other suitable fastening means. The left side connection interfaces 56a′-56k′ and the right side connection interfaces 56a′′-56k′′ are symmetrical about a plane normal to the primary surface 50 and intersecting centerline 38.
The embodiment of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 17 comprises base 30f, two resilient members 62, two adjustable base members 40, rotation pins 92 attached to base 30f through a hole in each of the adjustable base members and about which adjustable base members 40 rotate, multiple insert pin openings 86 cut into the base 30 preferably in a radial arrangement about the rotation pin 92, and two insert pins 88 that lock each of the adjustable base members 40 in the desired angular orientation by engaging in the desired insert pin openings 86. Insert pins 88 and insert pin openings 86 can be threaded or define other features to prevent the inadvertent removal of the insert pins 88. Each of the adjustable base members 40 define multiple connection interfaces 56 at different locations and angular orientations for receiving the resilient member 62. By altering the angular orientation of each of the adjustable base members 40 and/or inserting the resilient member 62 into a different connection interface 56, the exercise apparatus of the present invention can be configured to permit the user to perform a wide range of exercises. Base 30f further defines base notches 80 cut into the perimeter of the base into which resistance bands and other similar devices can be secured to permit the user to perform additional exercises when standing, kneeling, or sitting on the base.
Similar to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 17, the embodiment of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 18 also permits the user to adjust the location and angular orientation of the resilient members 62 by varying the angular orientation of the adjustable base members 40a and/or inserting the resilient members 62 into one of a plurality of connection interfaces 56 on each adjustable base members 40a, seven being shown. Each connection interface 56 is arranged at a different location and angular orientation on the adjustable base member 40a. Base 30g defines upper base portion 30g′ and lower base portion 30g′′ which are preferably separated from one another using multiple base member spacers 58 which are attached to the base 30g using bolts, welds, adhesive, or any other suitable connection means. The upper base portion 30g′ has two cutouts 94 into which each adjustable base member 40a is removably inserted. The two adjustable base members 40a are secured in the desired angular orientation by inserting the insert pin 88, which is located at the center point of each of the adjustable base members 40a and passes through the adjustable base members 40a, into a hole located in the base 30 and aligned with insert pin 88.
In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 18, both the insert pin 88 and the base hole into which the insert pin 88 is inserted preferably comprise locking features, such as threads, pins, protrusions, channels, or other suitable features so that, when the insert pin 88 is engaged in the base hole, the adjustable base members 40a are firmly secured to the base 30g. The insert pin 88, the base hole, and the cutouts 94 in the base 30g prevent the adjustable base members 40a from rotating, translating, or otherwise moving from the desired location. The user adjusts the angular orientation of the adjustable base members 40a by removing the insert pin 88, lifting the adjustable base member 40a out of the cutout 94, changing the angular orientation of the adjustable base members 40a, and then reinserting adjustable base member 40a into the cutout 94, and inserting the insert pin 88 into the base hole. Each cutout 94 is defined by a geometry approximately matching, but slightly oversized as compared to, the geometry of the side surfaces of each of the adjustable base members 40a such that each of the adjustable base members 40a can be removably but snuggly inserted partially or fully into each of the two cutouts 94. Base 30g further defines two base wheels 82 to facilitate transport of the base.
The embodiment of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 19 permits the user to adjust the location and angular orientation of the resilient members 62c by varying the angular orientation of the adjustable base members 40b with respect to the mount assembly 98. The base 30h can be oriented at any angle, horizontal, vertical, or otherwise. Each of the two adjustable base members 40b independently rotate about mount assembly axle 106 so that the angular orientation of the adjustable base members 40b and, consequently, the resilient members 62c, can be adjusted by the user of this device. Each of the adjustable base members 40b is locked by the user in the desired angular orientation by inserting the mount assembly adjustment pin 104, which is mounted to and can translate through the mount assembly pin bracket 108 into any one of the holes of the mount assembly radial hole bracket 102. Mount assembly pin bracket 108 is fixed to the base 30h by bolting, screwing, welding, or by suitable features or methods. Mount assembly radial hole bracket 102 is fixed to the mount assembly axle 106 so that it rotates along with the adjustable base member 40b. A “W” shaped handle assembly 114 is preferably attached to the caps 72 of the resilient members 62c using a hand bolt, screw, or other suitable attachment means. Attaching a “W” shaped handle or any other handle to the resilient members permits the user to perform a wider variety of exercises by providing different positions where the user can grip the exercise apparatus of the present invention. Other handles, such as rope handles, individual handles, or straight handles, can be similarly attached to the resilient members to enable a variety of additional gripping points for the user.
Further adjustability of the angular orientation of the mount assembly 98 with respect to the base can be achieved by mounting the mount assembly 98 to a freely rotatable but lockable plate. The rotating plate would be locked into the desired angular orientation by inserting an insert pin or other suitable locking mechanism through the rotatable plate into an insert pin opening in the base. Alternatively, the rotatable plate could comprise a foot pedal attached to the insert pin so that, by pressing the pedal, the insert pin can be disengaged from the aforementioned array of insert holes in base and permit the free rotation of the rotatable plate. By releasing the pedal when the rotatable plate is in the desired orientation, the pin or other suitable component will be engaged in the array of insert holes in base.
The embodiment of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 20, 21a, and 21b also permits the user to adjust the location and angular orientation of the resilient members 62d by varying the angular orientation of the adjustable base members 40c and/or inserting the resilient members 62d into one of the nine connection interfaces 56 on each adjustable base members 40c. Each connection interface 56 is preferably arranged at a different location and angular orientation on the adjustable base member 40c. Multiple upper base portions 30i′ having a generally rectangular cross-section are fixed to the lower base portion 30i′′ by threaded insert pins 88′. The user adjusts the angular orientation of the adjustable base members 40c by loosening and sliding the threaded insert pins 88, and hence the adjustable base member 40c, to a different position in slots 96 and then tightening the threaded insert pins 88. To secure each adjustable base member 40c in its desired position, each of the threaded insert pins 88 pass through a hole 89 in the adjustable base member 40c, through slot 96, and engage in the nut 91 that is slidably positioned within the larger slot 96′ formed on the bottom sides of the upper base portions 30i′. The base 30i further comprises base notches 80 and base depressions 78, both of which can be incorporated into any embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 21 illustrates the identical embodiment of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 20, except that upper base portions 30i′ are fixed in a generally vertical orientation to the base 30i using threaded insert pins 88′, permitting the user to further vary the location and orientation of each resilient member 62d. 
FIGS. 22a, 22b, and 22c are longitudinal cross-sectional views, and FIG. 23 is transverse cross-sectional view, of an embodiment of a resilient member 62e comprising multiple stiffener members 68 which, when inserted by the user into the longitudinal bores 66 of resilient member 62e′, increase the stiffness and resistance of the resilient member 62e. Resilient member 62e′ can comprise multiple longitudinal bores 66 (as shown in the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 22 and 23), or merely one longitudinal bore 66 into which one or more stiffener members 68 can be inserted. Thus, resilient member 62e′ can be solid in cross-section or hollow with any number of longitudinally oriented longitudinal bores 66 therein, as described above. The stiffener members 68 can be any of a variety of diameters, geometries, and stiffnesses, so long as they fit inside longitudinal bores 66. Additionally, sleeve 70 having a toroidally shaped cross-section can be inserted by the user over the outer surface of the resilient member 62e′ to achieve greater stiffness and, hence, resistance of the resilient member 62e. The resilient member 62e depicted in the embodiment of the present invention illustrated in FIGS. 22-23 can be interchanged with any of the aforedescribed resilient member described herein.
Referring to FIG. 22a and 22b, the cap 72 is affixed onto the unrestrained end of the resilient member 62e′ to seal the longitudinal bore or bores 66 and encapsulate stiffener members 68. Cap 72 preferably provides an interface with the resilient member 62e′ to which the “W” shaped handle 114, rope handle, individual handle, or any other handle or attachments that the user desires can be attached by using a hand bolt, screw, or other suitable attachment means. Cap 72 and resilient member 62e′ preferably define threads, pins, protrusions, or other suitable locking features to firmly secure the cap 72 to the resilient member 62e′. 
Resilient member 62′, stiffener member 68, and sleeve 70 can be manufactured from any resilient material, e.g., a polymer, elastomer, a pliable metallic alloy, plastic-fiberglass or other fiber composite, or any other suitable material that will elastically bend without permanent deformation when force as applied by the user, such as any one or more of the following: nylon, delrin, polyvinyl chloride, rubber, elastomeric materials, aluminum, steel, spring steel, carbon, or glass elastomers, or any other suitable materials that can form a flexible yet stiff resilient member. The resilient member can be of any cross-sectional geometry and can be straight, angled, or curved to accommodate different exercises. The length of the resilient member preferably ranges from approximately twelve inches to approximately sixty inches depending on the exercise the resilient member is to be used for. However, the length is not so limited. The diameter or cross-sectional width of the resilient member can similarly vary between approximately one-half inch to two inches, depending on the desired stiffness and other factors, such as user comfort, but is preferably in the range of one inch to one and a half inches. The cap 72 and insert 64 can be manufactured from any rigid material, e.g., a polymer, metal or metal alloy, plastic-fiberglass or other fiber composite, or any other suitably rigid material.
The geometry of the connection interfaces 56 can be generally cylindrical or conical, or can be of any cross-sectional geometry, square, hexagonal, or otherwise. The geometry of the embodiment of the connection interface 56x illustrated in FIG. 24a is cylindrical, defining a cylindrical interior portion 56x′ into which resilient member 62f is inserted. Connection interface 56x protrudes from the base 30 a sufficient distance, preferably three inches, to ensure that the resilient member is securely engaged. The embodiment of the connection interface 56y illustrated in FIG. 24b is configured as a cylindrical projection projecting from the base. Resilient member 62g is attached to connection interface 56y such that the connection interface 56y fits snuggly into the cylindrical opening 62g′′ in the end of the resilient member 62g. Connection interface 56y protrudes from the base 30 a sufficient distance, preferably three inches, to ensure that the resilient member is securely engaged. The connection interface 56z illustrated in FIG. 24c is formed of a square cutout in base 30. The portion of the resilient member 62h′′ that is inserted into connection interface 56z has an outer surface geometry that substantially matches the geometry of the interior surface of the connection interface 56z but is sized to fit snuggly within the connection interface 56z. Further, the end of the resilient member 62 that is attached to a connection interface, i.e., either the end of the resilient member 62′ or the insert 64, can be threaded, notched, or contain some other protrusion to prevent it from becoming inadvertently unattached from the connection interface 56. The connection interface 56 would also comprise complementary locking features. Alternatively, the resilient member 62 can be devoid of any locking features on its exterior surface so that it can be easily removed from the connection interfaces 56. A connection interface defining a conical geometry is preferable because, when the surface of the resilient member that mates with the connection interface is also conical, the resilient member can be inserted firmly to ensure a snug fit between the connection interface and the resilient member.
It is believed that the exercise apparatus of the present invention will be understood from the foregoing description, and it will be apparent that various changes may be made in the form, construction and arrangement of the parts without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention or sacrificing all of the material advantages, the forms herein above described being merely preferred or exemplary embodiments thereof.

## Claims

1. A device for exercising the muscles in one's body, said device comprising:
a base comprising a first base portion and a base member supported by the first base portion so that at least a portion of the base member is positioned above the first base portion, the base being supportable by a support surface, the support surface defining a normal axis that is perpendicular to the support surface;
a plurality of openings formed in the base, each opening configured so as to define a first axis disposed generally axially through at least a portion thereof; and
two resilient members, each comprising a first end portion and defining a second axis disposed generally axially through at least a portion of the first end portion thereof;
wherein:
the openings are each configured to provide a removable support for the first end portion of the resilient members, each resilient member being supported so that the second axis of the first end portion of the resilient member is generally aligned with the first axis of the opening providing the removable support and so that the resilient member extends from the opening in a cantilevered disposition;
each opening is configured so as to prevent the first end portion of the resilient member supported by the opening from rotating relative to the base about an axis that is generally perpendicular to the first axis of the opening;
each resilient member is configured to produce a resistance force when a user exerts a force thereon so as to deflect at least a portion of the resilient member from the longitudinal axis of the relaxed position of the resilient member, effecting an exercising of one or more muscles in the user's body;
at least one of the plurality of the openings is formed in the base member and is oriented at a first angular orientation such that the first axis thereof is non-parallel to the normal axis;
at least one of the plurality of the openings is formed in the base at a second angular orientation that is different than the first angular orientation;
the base member defines an angled surface and at least one opening perpendicular to the angled surface configured to support at least one resilient member at the first angular orientation; and
the device is configured such that the angular orientation of the centerline of at least a portion of each resilient member is adjustable from the first angular orientation to at least the second angular orientation without deflecting the resilient member from the longitudinal axis of the relaxed position of the resilient member by varying the opening defining the removable support of the resilient member.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the base defines a first side and a second side and wherein the connection interfaces are substantially symmetrically disposed on the first and second sides of the base.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein the first base portion comprises a generally flat, generally horizontally oriented surface to support the user of the device, the first base portion being adapted to be supported by a generally horizontal support surface.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the base is fixed to a support structure.

5. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is configured such that at least one end of an axially resilient resistance member can be supported by the device.

6. The device of claim 1, wherein a plurality of openings are formed in the base member.

7. The device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of the openings is formed in the base at a third angular orientation that is non-parallel to the normal axis, the third angular orientation being different than the first angular orientation and the second angular orientation.

8. The device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of the openings is formed in the base at an angle that is from approximately 45 degrees to approximately 90 degrees relative to the normal axis.

9. The device of Claim 1, wherein the first angular orientation and the second angular orientation are each measured relative to at least one of a longitudinal centerline axis of the first base portion in a plane that is parallel to the support surface and the normal axis in a plane that is perpendicular to the support surface.

10. A method of exercising the muscles of one's body, comprising,
supporting a base on a support surface, the base comprising a first base portion and at least one base member supported by the first base portion so that at least a portion of the at least one base member is positioned above the first base portion;
grasping at least two resilient members in one's hands;
supporting at least a portion of each of the resilient members with the at least one base member so as to define a plurality of supports for the resilient members so that each resilient member extends from the at least one base member in a cantilevered disposition, wherein the plurality of supports are each configured to prevent at least a portion of the resilient member from pivoting relative to the base member when a force is applied to the resilient member;
exerting a force on at least one resilient member so as to deflect at least a portion of the resilient member from the longitudinal axis of the relaxed position of the resilient member and effect an exercising of one or more muscles in the user's body; and
adjusting the angular orientation of the centerline of at least a portion of at least one of the resilient members from a first angular orientation of at least a second angular orientation by either removing the resilient member from the support defining the first angular orientation and placing it in another support having the second angular orientation or adjusting the angle of the base member such that at least a portion of the at least one of the resilient members can be oriented in a plurality of angular orientations without deflecting the resilient members can be oriented longitudinal axis of the relaxed position of the resilient member;
wherein:
the orientation of the first angular orientation is different than the orientation of the second angular orientation; and
at least one of the first angular orientation and the second angular orientation is non-parallel to a normal axis that is perpendicular to the support surface.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising varying the location of the one of the plurality of supports with respect to the base such that at least a portion of the resilient member can be positioned in any of a plurality of locations on the base.

12. The method of claim 10, comprising adjusting the angular orientation of the centerline of at least a portion of at least one of the resilient members from either the first angular orientation or the second angular orientation to a third angular orientation, wherein the orientation of the third angular orientation is different than the orientation of the first angular orientation and the second angular orientation.

13. The device of claim 10, wherein the first angular orientation and the second angular orientation are each measured relative to a longitudinal centerline axis of the first base portion in a plane that is parallel to the support surface.

14. The device of claim 10, wherein at least a portion of the base is supportable by a vertically oriented support structure.

15. A device for exercising the muscles in a user's body, the device comprising:
a base comprising at least one base portion, a first base member, and a second base member;
a plurality of connection interfaces supported by each of the first base member and the second base member; and
two resilient members, each comprising a first portion and a second portion, wherein:
the first base member is supported by the at least one base portion at a first location and a first angular orientation;
the second base member is supported by the at least one base portion at a second location that is different than the first location and a second angular orientation that is different than the first angular orientation;
the second portion of each resilient member is configured so as to define a longitudinal axis disposed generally longitudinally through at least a portion of the second portion;
the plurality of connection interfaces supported by each of the first base member and the second base member are each configured to support at least the first portion of the resilient member such that the resilient member is extendable from the base in a cantilevered disposition such that at least the first portion of the resilient member is prevented from pivoting relative to the base, at least a portion of the second portion of the resilient member being unrestrained in a direction that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the second portion of the resilient member;
each resilient member is configured to produce a resistance force when a user exerts a force on the resilient member so as to deflect at least a portion of the resilient member from the longitudinal axis of the relaxed position of the resilient member; and
the first and second base members are supported by the at least one base portion so that at least a portion of each of the first and second base members are positioned above the at least one base portion.

16. The device of claim 15, wherein at least one of the connection interfaces is defined by an opening formed in at least one of the first and second base members.

17. The device of claim 16, wherein at least a portion of one or more of the openings is generally cylindrically shaped.

18. The device of claim 16, wherein at least a portion of one or more of the openings is generally conically shaped.

19. The device of claim 15, wherein at least one of the first and second base members is rotatable such that the angular orientation of at least one connection interface can be varied by varying the angular orientation of at least one of the first and second base members.

20. The device of claim 15, wherein at least one of the first and second base members is moveable such that the location of at least one connection interface can be varied by varying the location of at least one of the first and second base members.

21. The device of claim 15, wherein at least a portion of the base is fixed to a support structure.

22. The device of claim 21, wherein the at least a portion of the base is supportable by a vertically oriented support structure.

23. The device of claim 15, comprising a balance device adapted to be carried by the base.

24. The device of claim 15, wherein at least one of the resilient members comprises a solid cross-section.

25. The device of claim 15, wherein at least one of the resilient members comprises at least one opening extending generally longitudinally through at least a portion of the resilient member.

26. The device of claim 25, further comprising at least one stiffener member disposed in the at least one opening in the resilient member.

27. The device of claim 15, wherein at least one resilient member is configured to support a “W” shaped handle, and individual handle, a rope, or other suitable handle.

28. The device of claim 15, wherein at least a portion of at least one resilient member is curved or angled.

29. The device of claim 15, wherein at least one of the resilient members comprises:
a first member that is substantially rigid; and
a second member that is resilient about at least a substantial portion of its length, the second member comprising a first portion and a second portion, wherein;
the first member is positioned generally at the first end portion of the resilient member;
the first member is configured to support at least the first portion of the second member such that the second member extends from the first member in a cantilevered disposition so that the first portion of the second member is prevented from pivoting relative to the first member; and
the second member is configured to produce a resistance force when a user exerts a force on the second member so as to deflect at least a portion of the second member from the longitudinal axis of the relaxed position of the second member.

30. The device of claim 29, wherein the resilient member is configured to support at least a third member, the third member being resilient about at least a substantial portion of its length and being configured to increase the resistance force produced by the resilient member when a portion of the resilient member is deflected from the longitudinal axis of the relaxed position of the resilient member.

31. The device of claim 30, wherein the third member is supported by the first member in a cantilevered disposition such that at least a portion of the third member is prevented from pivoting relative to the first member when a force is applied to the resilient member so as to deflect at least a portion of the resilient member from the longitudinal axis of the relaxed position of the resilient member.

32. The device of claim 15, further comprising a third base member supported by the at least one base portion at a third location and a third angular orientation, the third location being different than the first location and the second location, and the third angular orientation being different than at least one of the first angular orientation and the second angular orientation, wherein the third base member supports one or more connection interfaces.

33. The device of claim 15, wherein at least one resilient member is configured to support a stiffener member configured to increase the resistance force produced by the resilient member when a user exerts a force on the resilient member so as to deflect at least a portion of the resilient member from the longitudinal axis of the relaxed position of the resilient member.

34. The device of claim 15, wherein the device is configured such that:
the first angular orientation and the second angular orientation are both non-parallel to the normal axis;
the first axis of at least one of the openings in the first angular orientation is coplanar with a first plane that is perpendicular to the support surface;
the first axis of at least one of the openings in the second angular orientation is coplanar with a second plane that is perpendicular to the support surface, and
the first plane is not parallel to or coplanar with the second plane.

35. The device of claim 34, wherein at least one of the plurality of the openings is formed in the base at a third angular orientation wherein the first axis thereof is non-parallel to the normal axis, the third angular orientation being different than the first angular orientation and the second angular orientation.

36. The device of claim 35, wherein the device is configured such that:
the first axis of at least one of the openings in the third angular orientation is coplanar with a third plane that is perpendicular to the support surface; and
the third plane is not parallel to or coplanar with the first plane or the second plane.

37. The device of claim 35, wherein at least one of the plurality of the openings is formed in the base at a fourth angular orientation that is non-parallel to the normal axis, the fourth angular orientation being different than the first angular orientation, the second angular orientation, and the third angular orientation.

38. The device of claim 15, wherein at least one of the first base member and the second base member is supported by the at least one base portion so as to be entirely above of the at least one base portion.

39. The device of claim 15, wherein the device is configured such that the resistance generated by the resilient members can be varied without changing the size or shape of the connection interfaces.

40. The device of claim 15, wherein the base comprises a generally flat, generally horizontally oriented surface to support the user of the device.

41. The device of claim 15, wherein at least one resilient member is configured such that a handle member can be supported thereby, the handle member being configured to at least allow the user to vary the orientation of his or her hand relative to the resilient member.

42. The device of claim 15, wherein the plurality of connection interfaces comprises one or more projections projecting from the base, the projections each being configured to provide a removable support for at least the first end portion of at least one of the resilient members.

43. The device of claim 15, wherein the device is configured such that at least one end of an axially resilient resistance member can be supported by the device.

44. The device of claim 15, wherein at least one of the plurality of connection interfaces is formed in the base at an angle that is from approximately 15 degrees to approximately 30 degrees relative to the normal axis.

45. The device of claim 15, wherein at least one of the plurality of connection interfaces is formed in the base at an angle that is from approximately 45 degrees to approximately 90 degrees relative to the normal axis.