*This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the

doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court

generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order

and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.

F I L E D

United States Court of Appeals

Tenth Circuit

OCT 6 1998

PATRICK FISHER

Clerk

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

TENTH CIRCUIT

DENNIS LLOYD BURTON,

Petitioner - Appellant, No. 98-7034

v. (E.D. Oklahoma)

TOM C. MARTIN, Warden;

ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE

STATE OF OKLAHOMA,

Respondents - Appellees.

(D.C. No. 97-CV-378-S) 

ORDER AND JUDGMENT*

Before ANDERSON, McKAY, and LUCERO, Circuit Judges.

After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of

this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a); 10th Cir. R. 34.1.9. The case is therefore

ordered submitted without oral argument.
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Dennis Lloyd Burton, an Oklahoma state inmate appearing pro se, seeks a

certificate of appealability in order to appeal the district court’s denial of his 28

U.S.C. § 2254 habeas petition. He contends that the district court incorrectly

decided the facts and improperly applied the law. Because Burton has failed to

make “a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right,” 28 U.S.C.

§ 2253(c)(2), we deny his request for a certificate of appealability and dismiss the

appeal.

The relevant background and Burton’s six grounds for seeking habeas relief

have been thoroughly set forth in the magistrate judge’s Findings and

Recommendations which the district court adopted. R. Vol. I, Tabs 7, 9. In this

appeal, Burton repeats the same six claims of error, the first five of which he also

raised in his direct state criminal appeal (the “undefaulted claims”). In addition

to the five undefaulted claims, Burton also repeats his claim for habeas relief

based upon a trial error which he failed to raise on direct appeal. Specifically, he

complains that a jury instruction which stated that he was presumed “not guilty”

failed to follow the uniform Oklahoma instruction which provides that a

defendant is presumed “innocent.” Relying on Flores v. State, 896 P.2d 558, 562

(Okla. Crim. App. 1995), which reversed a conviction because of a similar

instruction, he contends that his conviction must also be reversed. 
1

In his brief to us, Burton argues that the magistrate judge failed to

recognize the many claims of ineffective assistance of trial counsel which were

incorporated into his first five arguments. After full review of Burton’s district

court brief, we find the only such claim to be in connection with his disputed

waiver of a preliminary hearing. However, Burton’s conclusory allegations fail

to demonstrate any prejudice. See Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 688, 687-

88 (1984). 

-3-

When Burton raised the jury instruction error for the first time in state postconviction proceedings, the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals found it to be

procedurally barred. In an effort to overcome the state procedural bar, Burton

argues that his state appellate counsel’s failure to include the error in his direct

appeal constituted ineffective assistance. 

As the magistrate judge correctly noted, Burton may not obtain federal

habeas relief for errors of state law. Rather, federal court habeas review is

limited to determining whether a defendant’s constitutional rights were violated. 

R. Vol. I, Tab 7 at 3 (citing Fero v. Kerby, 39 F.3d 1462, 1474 (10th Cir. 1994)). 

We agree with the magistrate judge’s conclusion that the five undefaulted claims

either raise no question of constitutional violations, or the record fails to establish

any such violation.1 See id., at 3-4. 

As to his claim respecting the jury instruction, in order to overcome the

procedural bar, Burton must show both that his appellate counsel’s performance

was constitutionally deficient and that counsel’s deficient performance prejudiced

him. See Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984). In this case, the
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record clearly establishes that Burton’s appeal had been perfected and submitted

at the time that the Flores opinion was issued, and Burton’s brief to the district

court concedes that Oklahoma rules prevented counsel from supplementing his

brief at that time. R. Vol. I, Tab 2 at 38. Counsel is not ineffective for failing to

anticipate arguments or appellate issues which are based on decisions issued after

the appeal was submitted. See Lilly v. Gilmore, 988 F.2d 783, 786 (7th Cir.

1993). 

Nonetheless, Burton contends that the basis for reversal should have been

obvious to his counsel even before Flores was decided. We disagree. The court

in Flores noted that it had found only one other case concerning an instruction

which stated that the defendant is presumed “not guilty,” and in that case, the

instruction was upheld. See Flores, 896 P.2d at 562 n. 7. Given the absence of

specific contrary authority, counsel was entitled to rely on general principles

which provide that an instruction using the particular phrase “presumption of

innocence” is simply one means of protecting an accused’s constitutional right to

be judged solely on the basis of proof adduced at trial. See Taylor v. Kentucky,

436 U.S. 478, 483 n. 12, 485–86 (1978) (contemplating “any other form of

words” which safeguards the Due Process requirement that guilt must be

established by probative evidence and beyond a reasonable doubt.) Accordingly,

Burton’s appellate counsel was not required to anticipate that the Flores court
-5-

would hold unconstitutional an instruction using the form of words “presumed not

guilty,” and Burton has failed to demonstrate that he received ineffective

assistance of appellate counsel.

DISMISSED.

ENTERED FOR THE COURT

Stephen H. Anderson

Circuit Judge