# Commission Decision of 17 July 2013 on State aid SA.33726 (11/C) [ex SA.33726 (11/NN)] — granted by Italy (deferral of payment            of the milk levy in Italy) (notified under document C(2013) 4046) (Only the Italian text is authentic) (2013/665/EU)         

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# Commission Decision

# of 17 July 2013

# on State aid SA.33726 (11/C) [ex SA.33726 (11/NN)] — granted by Italy (deferral of payment of the milk levy in Italy)

# (notified under document C(2013) 4046)

# (Only the Italian text is authentic)

# (2013/665/EU)

THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,

Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular the first subparagraph of Article                           108(2) thereof,                        

Having called on interested parties to submit their comments pursuant to that Article, and having regard to those comments,

Whereas:

I.**PROCEDURE**(1)After becoming aware of the entry into force, on 27 February 2011, of the law converting Decree-Law No 225 of 29 December                                 2010 into law, which granted a deferral of payment of an instalment of the milk levies payable by Italian milk producers under                                 the scheme for payment by instalments approved by Council Decision 2003/530/EC of 16 July 2003 on the compatibility with the                                 common market of an aid that the Italian Republic intends to grant to its milk producers(1),(2), the Commission asked the Italian authorities, by means of a letter dated 17 March 2011, for further information on the matter                                 in question.(2)The Italian authorities sent the Commission this additional information by letter dated 24 June 2011 and registered on 29                                 June 2011.(3)After examining the information provided by the Italian authorities and taking into account the fact that the deferral of                                 payment in question had taken place without the Commission having been notified of it in advance, or having authorised it,                                 the Commission informed the Italian authorities by fax dated 14 October 2011 that a file for non-notified aid had been opened,                                 under reference number SA.33726 (2011/NN).(4)By letter of 11 January 2012, the Commission informed Italy of its decision to initiate the procedure provided for under Article                                 108(2) of the Treaty as regards the aforementioned deferral and the programme for payment by instalments approved by Decision                                 2003/530/EC as amended by the addition of the deferral, which constitutes a new aid (SA.33726 (11/C)]), asking the Italian                                 authorities to comment on the opening of the procedure within one month..(5)The Commission’s decision to initiate the procedure was published in the *Official Journal of the European Union* (3). The Commission asked interested parties to submit their comments on the aid in question.(6)The Commission received comments from interested parties which it forwarded to Italy, giving it the opportunity to respond.(7)By e-mail dated 13 February 2012, the Italian Permanent Representation to the European Union sent the Commission a letter                                 from the Italian authorities requesting a two-month extension for commenting on the opening of the procedure. That extension                                 was granted in a message sent by fax dated 21 February 2012.(8)By e-mails dated 26 April 2012 and 27 April 2012, the Italian Permanent Representation to the European Union sent the Commission                                 the Italian authorities’ reply to the opening of the procedure under Article 108(2) of the Treaty.(9)The Italian authorities did not comment on the interested parties' comments.

II.**DESCRIPTION***The Council’s decision*(10)Article 1 of Decision 2003/530/EC states that:
‘The aid the Italian Republic intends to grant to milk producers, by itself making payment to the Community of the amount due                                 from them to the Community by virtue of the additional levy on milk and milk products for the period 1995/1996 to 2001/2002                                 and by allowing these producers to repay their debt by way of deferred payment over a number of years without interest, is                                 exceptionally considered to be compatible with the common market on condition that:                           
-  repayment shall be in full by yearly instalments of equal size,                                  
-  the repayment period shall not exceed 14 years, starting from 1 January 2004’.                                  
*The law converting Decree-Law No 225 of 29 December 2010 into law (Law No 10 of 26 February 2011, hereinafter referred to                                    as ‘Law No 10/2011’)*(11)Law No 10/2011 introduces into Article 1 of Decree-Law No 225 of 29 December 2010 a paragraph 12 *duodecies* providing for the deferral to 30 June 2011 of payment of the instalment of the milk levy due on 31 December 2010. The cost                                 of this deferral was charged to an overall budget allocation of EUR 5 million covering multiple purposes.(12)In their letter of 24 June 2011, the Italian authorities explained that the grant equivalent for this measure would be counted                                 among the *de minimis* aid for Italy provided under Commission Regulation (EC) No 1535/2007 of 20 December 2007 on the application of Articles 87                                 and 88 of the EC Treaty(4) to *de minimis* aid in the sector of agricultural production(5).

III.**GROUNDS FOR OPENING THE FORMAL PROCEDURE**(13)The Commission decided to initiate the proceedings provided for under Article 108(2) of the Treaty for the following reasons:-  the Italian authorities had expressed their intention to classify the grant equivalent for the deferral of payment in question                                    under the ‘*de minimis*’ system provided for in Regulation (EC) No 1535/2007; however, not only were there legal questions surrounding the applicability                                    of that Regulation, as the Italian authorities had failed to provide any information on whether the individual and national                                    aid ceilings established by the Regulation would be complied with, but also the Regulation itself forbids the granting of                                    *de minimis* aid which raises the State aid above the permitted maximum. Since the aid approved by the Council constituted the maximum                                    aid amount that Italy could grant to its milk producers, adding the grant equivalent of the deferral of payment included in                                    the *de minimis* scheme means exceeding of the maximum aid approved by the Council;                                  
-  it therefore follows that the Commission could not rule out the possibility of the deferral in question involving a component                                    of aid (as it amounted to the equivalent of an interest-free loan, hereinafter referred to as the ‘related aid’), a situation                                    which none of the information provided by the Italian authorities could justify in the light of the rules applicable to State                                    aid in the agricultural sector (Community Guidelines for State aid in the agriculture and forestry sector 2007 to 2013)(6);                                  
-  the deferral amounts to a breach of Decision 2003/530/EC (on the basis that one of its conditions – i.e. instalments of equal                                    size – is no longer complied with). It therefore means that the whole system of staggered payments becomes a new aid scheme                                    for those who have benefited from it (on the basis that it was not included under Decision 2003/530/EC), a situation which                                    does not appear to be permitted under any provision of the guidelines referred to above.                                  

IV.**COMMENTS BY THE ITALIAN AUTHORITIES ON THE OPENING OF THE FORMAL PROCEEDINGS**(14)In their letter sent by e-mail on 26 April 2012, the Italian authorities first reported on the application of the system of                                 staggered payments of milk levies approved under Council Decision 2003/530/EC, explaining that there were 11 271 beneficiaries                                 under the scheme. Of these, 9 965 (i.e. 88,41 % of the total) had paid their instalments of levies due on 31 December 2010                                 on time. 1 291 had done so by the deferred deadline and 15 had not made any payments, resulting in their exclusion from the                                 programme.(15)The Italian authorities then explained that, in order to calculate the grant equivalent of the aid received by beneficiaries                                 of the deferral, account was taken of interest for the period between 1 January 2011 and the date of actual payment of the                                 instalments which were the subject of the deferral, using the three-month Euribor rate as of 1 October 2010, plus 100 basis                                 points (1,942 %). The results of that calculation indicated a grant equivalent of between EUR 0,08 and EUR 694,19 and also                                 showed that 1 187 of the 1 291 beneficiaries of the deferral had benefited from aid of less than EUR 100,00. According to                                 the authorities, these figures indicate that the deferral of payment under Law No 10/2011 did not compromise the smooth running                                 of the programme for payment by instalment, which continues to be in compliance with the provisions of Decision 2003/530/EC,                                 as evidenced by the fact that only 11,45 % of producers involved in the programme in question benefited from the deferral.(16)For these reasons, the Italian authorities confirm, as stated in the letter of 24 June 2011 (see paragraph 13 above), that                                 the deferral granted in respect of payment of the levy constitutes *de minimis* aid. They also point out that they have established that the individual ceiling referred to in Article 3(2) of Regulation                                 (EC) No 1535/2007 has been complied with in full, as has the ceiling of EUR 320 505 000 over a period of three fiscal years                                 established for Italy under the same Regulation, and that the grant equivalent of the deferral of payment was equal to a total                                 of EUR 50 877,41. Lastly, they reported that they were in the process of checking whether these ceilings had been complied                                 with, taking into account the other *de minimis* aid schemes granted during 2009, 2010 and 2011.(17)As regards the Commission’s position that the aid approved by Decision 2003/530/EC had to be considered, given its nature                                 and exceptional character, to be a single maximum aid which cannot be cumulated with any other form of measure, the Italian                                 authorities stressed firstly that the decision in question had recognised the existence of the exceptional circumstances which                                 led the Council to consider the aid to be compatible with Article 107 of the Treaty, subject to certain conditions being met.                                 They also highlighted the fact that the checks carried out showed that the programme for payment by instalments complied with                                 the provisions of Decision 2003/530/EC, since all producers had made the seventh instalment payment, with the exception of                                 15 producers who had already been removed from the scheme. In their view the exceptional nature of the circumstances resulting                                 in the adoption of Decision 2003/530/EC does not in itself prevent recipients of the aid approved by the Council from accessing                                 any other benefit. The Treaty refers only to the exceptional circumstances mentioned above, without restricting in any way                                 the nature of the aid authorised or the detailed rules for its implementation; it simply makes the derogation from Article                                 107 and the regulations referred to in Article 109 of the Treaty subject to the adoption of a unanimous Council decision.                                 In this specific case, the exceptional character which led to the adoption of Decision 2003/530/EC is fully reflected in the                                 way in which the decision in question was adopted, namely on a unanimous basis, and relates to the circumstances requiring                                 the adoption of the aid rather than the aid itself.(18)The Italian authorities also claimed that the deferral of payment constitutes *de minimis* aid and should therefore be considered an isolated measure, given its low take-up rate among producers, the low value of                                 the amounts in question, and the absence of changes made to the programme for payment by instalments, the structure of which                                 has remained the same, both as regards the total number of instalments and the expiry date.(19)Lastly, the Italian authorities have once again stated that, in accordance with the Italian Ministerial Decree of 30 July                                 2003 implementing the Council Decision, participants in the programme for payment by instalment are required give up any legal                                 action in respect of payment of the levies due and debtors who do not make payments are excluded from the programme. The Italian                                 authorities assert that this condition would involve the initiation of enforced recovery procedures resulting in producers                                 bringing new appeals. It would therefore be reasonable to avoid legal disputes for the recovery of very low amounts through                                 proceedings that cost more than the amounts to be recovered. In this respect, the Italian authorities refer to Article 32(6)                                 of Council Regulation (EC) No 1290/2005 of 21 June 2005 on the financing of the common agricultural policy(7), which states that, in duly justified cases, Member States may decide not to pursue recovery procedures if the costs already                                 incurred and likely to result from the recovery are greater than the amount to be recovered. In their opinion, this provision                                 should be applied by analogy to this case. In any event, similar provisions are also made by Article 25(4) of Law No 289/2002                                 (the 2003 financial law), in accordance with which the sum of EUR 12 is considered a low amount and not subject to recovery.                                 Of the beneficiaries of the deferral, 559 received aid less than EUR 12.(20)In the letter sent by e-mail on 26 April 2012, the Italian authorities provided a list of beneficiaries of the deferral and                                 the amount of aid which each of them received.

V.**COMMENTS BY INTERESTED PARTIES ON THE OPENING OF THE PROCEDURE**(21)On 7 March 2012, the Commission received comments from a third party on the opening of the procedure.(22)The interested party essentially wished to know why the Commission had restricted the opening of the procedure to the deferral                                 of payment provided for under Law No 10/2011 and not extended it to the provisions of Article 40 *bis* of Law No 122/2010, which provides for the deferral of payment of the instalments paid under an additional programme of payment                                 by instalment set up by Law No 33/2009 and urged the Commission to extend the scope of the procedure accordingly. In this                                 respect, the interested party made the point that a complaint regarding the provisions of Article 40 *bis* of Law No 122/2010 had already been submitted to the Commission and the case closed by the Commission.(23)On 10 March 2012, the Commission received comments from a second interested party on the opening of the procedure.(24)The interested party in question drew the Commission’s attention to the provisions of Article 1(4) of Decree-Law No 16/2012,                                 allowing firms in financial difficulty to pay sums due in regular instalments. It asked the Commission to intervene, pointing                                 out that these measures were not compatible with the single market.(25)On 14 March 2012, the Commission received comments from a further interested party on the opening of the procedure.(26)In these comments, the interested party also made reference to Decree-Law No 16/2012, stressing the resulting difference in                                 treatment between farmers and also the accuracy of the data used by AGEA (*Agenzia per le Erogazioni in Agricoltura* — the Italian paying agency) in order to calculate the additional levy.

VI.**ASSESSMENT**VI.1.**Existence of aid**(27)In accordance with Article 107(1) of the Treaty, aid granted by a Member State or by means of State resources in any form                                 whatsoever which distorts or threatens to distort competition by favouring certain undertakings or the production of certain                                 goods, insofar as it affects trade between Member States, is to be deemed incompatible with the common market.(28)The measure in question, namely the aid connected to the deferral of payment (the granting of the equivalent of an interest-free                                 loan, see paragraph 13, second indent above), but also the new aid arising from the breach of Decision 2003/530/EC (interest                                 not paid on annual instalments already made and capital and interest not yet paid in respect of remaining years until the                                 expiry of the payment by instalment, i.e. until 31 December 2017) (new aid, see paragraph 13, third indent) falls under the                                 following definition:(29)The measure is imputable to the State since it results from a national law; it is financed using public resources in the sense                                 that the Italian State, by granting the deferral of payment of an annual instalment established in Decision 2003/530/EC and                                 by creating a new aid through that deferral, has denied itself for a specific period of time a sum of money that could be                                 used for other purposes.(30)This situation favours certain undertakings, in particular milk-producing agricultural holdings.(31)It may also have an impact on trade, given the Italian position on the market(8).(32)Equally, it has the potential to distort competition, since the undertakings which benefited from it have secured an advantage                                 (the deferral does not earn interest and is therefore equivalent to an interest-free loan) which could not have been acquired                                 under normal market conditions and which has placed the undertaking concerned in a more advantageous competitive situation                                 compared to undertakings which have not received it(9).(33)However, in the light of the additional information provided by the Italian authorities in response to the opening of the                                 procedure under Article 108(2) of the Treaty, there is a need to establish whether the measure in question can be considered                                 *de minimis* aid in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1535/2007, and therefore not be considered State aid within the meaning of Article                                 107(1) of the Treaty.(34)In their letter sent by email on 26 April 2012, the Italian authorities explained that the interest connected to the deferral                                 of payments was between EUR 0,08 and EUR 694,19. They also stated that checks carried out had shown that the ceiling established                                 for Italy over three fiscal years had not been exceeded, but that they would still have to verify whether there continued                                 to be a risk of an individual ceiling being exceeded in the event of cumulated *de minimis* aid for the 2009, 2010 and 2011 fiscal years.(35)The Commission can certainly note that the amount of interest relating to the deferral, taken in isolation, does not exceed                                 the EUR 7 500 provided for in Article 3(2) of Regulation (EC) No 1535/2007. It also notes that the total aid amount granted                                 by the deferral, i.e. EUR 50 877,41, has not resulted in the ceiling of EUR 320 505 000 allowed for Italy in the Annex to                                 the Regulation being exceeded. Nevertheless, the Commission does not have any new information to indicate that the individual                                 ceiling of EUR 7 500 has not been exceeded in any cases, also taking into account all *de minimis* aid received by the same beneficiary during the period of three fiscal years, because as of 26 April 2012, it had not received                                 any information from the Italian authorities involved in performing these checks. It cannot therefore conclude that that individual                                 aid ceiling has been respected in all cases, particularly since the Commission also has to take into account the new aid arising                                 from the breach of Decision 2003/530/EC. Indeed, it has to examine the measure in question in its entirety (i.e. the aid related                                 to the granting of the deferral, the granting of the equivalent of an interest-free loan and the new aid arising from the                                 breach of Decision 2003/530/EC): a considerable number of beneficiaries (more than 1 250) have benefited from this deferral                                 and the amount of the aid also includes part of the principal sum (i.e. that corresponding to the annual instalments due on                                 31 December of the years 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017) plus interest, which far exceeds the interest relating to the deferral                                 of payment taken into account by the Italian authorities in support of their arguments.(36)Article 3(7) of Regulation (EC) No 1535/2007 also states that ‘*de minimis* aid shall not be cumulated with State aid in respect of the same eligible costs if such cumulation would result in an aid                                 intensity exceeding that laid down by Community rules in the specific circumstances of each case’.(37)In this regard, the Commission has already indicated, by initiating the procedure provided for in Article 108(2) of the Treaty,                                 that this deferral was in addition to the aid approved by the Council, which should be regarded as the maximum which could                                 be granted in this context.(38)The Italian authorities also take the view that the deferral of payment should be regarded as a stand-alone measure, given                                 the low take-up rate amongst producers, the low value of the amounts in question, and the fact that no changes have been made                                 to the programme for payment by instalments, the structure of which has remained the same, both as regards the total number                                 of instalments and the expiry date.(39)The Commission does not share this opinion. Indeed, it is clear that the deferral of payment is directly linked to a reimbursement,                                 the payment in instalments of which was provided for in detail in Decision 2003/530/EC. The first indent of Article 1(1) of                                 that Decision clearly states that the repayment ‘shall be [...] by yearly instalments of equal size’. The deferral cannot therefore                                 be considered as being entirely unrelated to the system of instalments established by Decision 2003/530/EC.(40)The Italian authorities also dispute the fact that the aid authorised by the Council is the maximum amount that may be granted                                 to milk producers. They take the view that the decision in question has recognised the existence of exceptional circumstances                                 resulting in the approval of the programme for repayment in instalments, but that this exceptional character does not in itself                                 justify beneficiaries having no possibility of any other support, since the Treaty only refers to exceptional circumstances,                                 without restricting the nature of the aid authorised or the detailed rules for its implementation. In this specific case,                                 the exceptional character which led to the adoption of Council Decision 2003/530/EC is fully reflected in the way in which                                 the decision in question was adopted, namely on a unanimous basis, and relates to the circumstances requiring the adoption                                 of the aid rather than the aid itself.(41)The Commission does not agree with the Italian authorities. In fact, although the third paragraph of Article 108(2) of the                                 Treaty states that ‘[...] the Council may, acting unanimously, decide that aid [...] shall be considered compatible with the internal                                 market [...] if such a decision is justified by exceptional circumstances’ and also Recital 8 to Decision 2003/530/EC states                                 that ‘[...] exceptional circumstances exist which justify considering the aid [...] to be compatible with the common market’,                                 the fact remains that the Council itself, in the operative part of the Decision, established that the aid is considered to                                 be compatible with the internal market ‘exceptionally’ and not ‘taking account of the exceptional circumstances’. The term                                 ‘exceptionally’ clearly indicates the Council’s intention to draw attention to the granting of the aid, assigning it a unique                                 nature, despite the existence of exceptional circumstances as mentioned in Recital 8. While the reference to unanimity made                                 by the Italian authorities can indeed demonstrate that the procedure was exceptional, it does not call into question the unique                                 nature of the aid as set out in the Decision.(42)In view of the fact that the aid approved by the Council, given its unique nature, was the maximum amount permissible in that                                 given context, i.e. the equivalent of aid at 100 %, the addition of the deferral of payment would entail the automatic application                                 of the provisions of Article 3(7) of Regulation (EC) No 1535/2007, meaning that the grant equivalent of the deferral cannot                                 be considered to fall within the scope of that Regulation, and therefore constitutes State aid. Its compatibility with the                                 internal market must be assessed in the light of the rules on competition in force when the deferral was granted, as must                                 that of the new aid arising from the breach of Decision 2003/530/EC.VI.2**Compatibility of the aid with the internal market**(43)The competition rules which applied when the deferral was granted are contained in the Community guidelines for State aid                                 in the agriculture and forestry sector 2007 to 2013.(44)The position of the Italian authorities in their letter sent by e-mail on 26 April 2012 was based on the argument that the                                 deferral of payment should be regarded as part of a *de minimis* scheme. The authorities did not therefore provide any explanation of compatibility of the deferral of payment with the internal                                 market, or that of the new aid falling outside the framework of Decision 2003/530/EC, in the light of the rules laid down                                 in the guidelines referred to above.(45)The Commission therefore has no new information to dispel the doubts it had when it initiated the procedure provided for in                                 Article 108(2) of the Treaty. The aid connected to the deferral of payments and, therefore, the new aid established by the                                 breach of Decision 2003/530/EC therefore constitutes unilateral aid which is solely intended to improve the financial situation                                 of producers without contributing to the development of the sector. It is therefore operating aid which is incompatible with                                 the internal market within the meaning of point 15 of the Guidelines referred to above.VI.3**Recovery***The need to remove the aid*(46)In accordance with the Treaty and European Court of Justice case law, if aid is found to be incompatible with the internal                                 market, the Commission is authorised to decide whether the State concerned must abolish or alter the aid(10). European Court of Justice case law also states that a State’s obligation to abolish aid which the Commission regards as                                 incompatible with the internal market is intended to restore the previously existing situation. In this context, the Court                                 has declared that this objective has been achieved once the recipient has repaid the amounts awarded to him, thus losing the                                 advantage gained over market competitors, and thus restoring the situation in existence prior to the payment of the aid(11).(47)In keeping with that case law, Article 14 of Council Regulation (EC) No 659/1999 of 22 March 1999 laying down detailed rules                                 for the application of Article 93 of the EC Treaty(12) states that, where negative decisions are taken in cases of unlawful aid, the Commission shall decide that the Member State                                 concerned shall take all necessary measures to recover the aid from the beneficiary (in the present case, all beneficiaries                                 that have benefited from the deferral of payment).(48)Italy is therefore required to take all necessary measures to recover the incompatible aid from the beneficiaries. In accordance                                 with paragraph 42 of the Notice from the Commission ‘Towards an effective implementation of Commission decisions ordering                                 Member States to recover unlawful and incompatible State aid’(13), Italy has four months from the entry into force of this Decision to implement its provisions. Interest is to be paid on                                 the amounts to be recovered, calculated on the basis of Commission Regulation (EC) No 794/2004 of 21 April 2004 implementing                                 Council Regulation (EC) No 659/1999 laying down detailed rules for the application of Article 93 of the EC Treaty(14).(49)This Decision is to be implemented immediately, in particular as regards the recovery of all incompatible individual aid granted.*Benefits and amounts to be recovered*(50)In view of the very specific context in which the aid was granted (the aid having been added to a programme forming a package                                 approved by the Council) and the consequences of the aid (the breach of Decision 2003/530/EC for those who had benefited from                                 the deferral of payment, while the aid had already been approved, exceptionally, by the Decision), the following should be                                 recovered in respect of those parties who had benefited from the deferral of payment:a)
interest linked to the deferral of payment of the levy instalment which was due on 31 December 2010, plus any interest on                                       arrears accrued until the date of recovery;                                    
b)
interest accrued on annual instalments which were due on 31 December of the years 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009 (the                                       capital for those annual instalments was paid before the deferral for payment resulted in a breach of Decision 2003/530/EC),                                       plus interest on arrears accrued until the date of recovery;                                    
c)
interest accrued on annual instalments which were due on 31 December of the years 2011 and 2012 (no information shows that                                       the capital had not been paid by the deadline), plus interest on late payments accrued until the date of recovery;                                    
d)
capital and interest connected to the annual instalments due on 31 December of the years 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017,                                       the final date of the repayment schedule established in accordance with Decision 2003/530/EC.                                    
*Assessment of the comments from interested parties regarding the recovery*(51)The importance attached by the Italian authorities to the low value of the amounts to be recovered and the risk of producers                                 making new appeals to the national courts do not change the fact that State aid which does not meet the conditions required                                 in order to benefit from the derogations provided for in Article 107 of the Treaty, and which is therefore incompatible with                                 the internal market, should be recovered from the beneficiaries in order to restore the competitive situation in existence                                 prior to the granting of the aid. Indeed, European Court of Justice case law indicates that the removal of illegal aid which                                 is declared incompatible with the single market is the logical result of such illegality, since the sole purpose of recovery                                 is reinstate a previously existing situation(15). The objective of reinstating a previously existing situation is achieved once the illegal aid incompatible with the internal                                 market has been repaid by the beneficiary, and once the latter has consequently been deprived of the previously existing advantage                                 over market competitors. In such cases, the situation prior to the granting of the aid has therefore been resumed(16).(52)Furthermore, as regards the low value of the amounts for recovery, the Italian authorities appear to restrict the scope of                                 recovery only to the interest which has to be added to the annual payment for the year subject to the deferral. However, recovery,                                 which affects only those who actually benefited from the deferral of payment, must include all aid declared as incompatible,                                 in addition to any interest due (please refer to paragraph 50 above).(53)Finally, the argument that producers might appeal to national courts cannot be considered relevant, because according to European                                 Court of Justice case law, the mere possibility of internal difficulties, even insurmountable ones, cannot justify a failure                                 by a Member State to comply with its obligations under Union law(17).(54)Consequently, Italy could apply the *de minimis* rules applicable to the agricultural sector for recovery of the individual aid from beneficiaries which met all the requirements                                 of the applicable *de minimis* regulation (Regulation (EC) No 1535/2007) at the time that the unlawful aid incompatible with the internal market was granted.                                 Paragraph 49 of the Notice from the Commission ‘Towards an effective implementation of Commission decisions ordering Member                                 States to recover unlawful and incompatible State aid in the case of aid schemes unlawful and incompatible with the internal                                 market’(18) stated that a Member State will be required to carry out a detailed analysis of each individual aid granted on the basis                                 of the scheme in question. In order to quantify the precise amount of the aid to be recovered from each individual beneficiary                                 under the scheme, Italy will therefore need to establish the extent to which the aid has been granted to a specific project,                                 which, at the time of granting, met all conditions of a block exemption regulation or an aid scheme approved by the Commission.                                 In such cases, the Member State may also apply the substantive *de minimis* criteria applicable at the time of the granting of an unlawful and incompatible aid which is the subject of a recovery decision                                 pursuant to Article 2 of Regulation (EC) No 994/98 of 7 May 1998 on the application of Articles 92 and 93 of the Treaty establishing                                 the European Community to certain categories of horizontal State aid(19). Under this criterion, the individual aid granted under this measure does not constitute aid for beneficiaries which, at                                 the time of granting, met the conditions stipulated in the *de minimis* Regulation in force (Regulation (EC) No 1535/2007).VI.4**Assessment of the comments from interested parties regarding other proceedings**(55)As regards the comments made by the first interested party (paragraph 22), the Commission would stress that the postponement                                 of the payment pursuant to Article 40 *bis* of Law No 122/2010, for one instalment payable under an additional programme for payment by instalment established by Law                                 No 33/2009, is not covered by the proceedings under this Decision, since it does not concern the additional instalment programme                                 established by Decision 2003/530/EC.(56)Concerning the comments made by the other two interested parties on Decree-Law No 16/2012 (paragraphs 24 and 26), the Commission                                 is currently examining the comments in question. However, it is of the opinion that they need to be examined separately for                                 reasons of administrative efficiency, *inter alia*, relating to the fact that the joining of the two proceedings by a widening of proceedings and the application of all related                                 administrative formalities would significantly delay closure of the proceedings under this Decision.

VII.**CONCLUSION**(57)The Commission finds that Italy has unlawfully implemented the deferral of payment in question, rendering unlawful also the                                 aid to which it relates (see paragraph 13, second indent, above) and the new aid scheme determined by the infringement of                                 Decision 2003/530/EC (see paragraph 13, third indent). Consequently, none of the aid can be considered compatible with the                                 single market because the Italian authorities have not provided any information to indicate compatibility under the competition                                 rules applicable to the agricultural sector (see paragraphs 43 to 45). (They have merely argued that the deferral of payment                                 should be viewed in isolation i.e. without taking account of the impact on Decision 2003/530/EC, and could be considered a                                 *de minimis* scheme). The Commission has therefore been unable to resolve the doubts already expressed by the initiating of the procedure                                 provided for in Article 108(2) of the Treaty.(58)The incompatible aid should be recovered with interest from the relevant beneficiaries, in other words those who have actually                                 made use of the deferral of payment in question,

HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:

# Article 1U.K.

1.The deferral of payment of the milk levy due on 31 December 2010, introduced as paragraph 12 *duodecies* of Article 1 of Decree-Law No 225 of 29 December 2010 by Law No 10/2011 and unlawfully applied by Italy, in breach of Article                        108(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, constitutes State aid which is incompatible with the internal                        market.                  

2.The aid resulting from failure to comply with the conditions laid down in Decision 2003/530/EC, as determined by the deferral                        of payment referred to in Article 1 and unlawfully applied by Italy, in breach of Article 108(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning                        of the European Union, is incompatible with the internal market.                  

# Article 2U.K.

1.Italy is required to recover the incompatible aid referred to in Article 1(1) and (2) above from the beneficiaries of the                        deferral referred to in Article 1(1).                  

2.The sums to be recovered shall bear interest from the date on which they were placed at the disposal of the beneficiaries                        until that of their recovery.                  

3.The interest shall be calculated on a compound basis in accordance with Chapter V of Regulation (EC) No 794/2004.                  

4.The recovery, which concerns only those parties to have actually benefited from the deferral of payment referred to in Article                        1 and who have therefore benefited from the aid referred to in Article 2 shall apply to the following:                  

(a)interest linked to the deferral of payment of the levy instalment due on 31 December 2010, plus any interest on arrears accrued                        until the date of recovery;                  

(b)interest accrued on annual instalments which were due on 31 December of the years 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009 (the                        capital for those annual instalments was paid before the deferral for payment resulted in a breach of the Council Decision),                        plus interest on arrears accrued until the date of recovery;                  

(c)interest accrued on annual instalments which were due on 31 December of the years 2011 and 2012 (no information shows that                        the capital had not been paid by the deadline), plus interest on late payments accrued until the date of recovery;                  

(d)capital and interest connected to the annual instalments due on 31 December of the years 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017,                        the final date of the repayment schedule established in accordance with the Council Decision.                  

5.Individual aid granted under the scheme referred to in Article 1 shall not constitute aid if, at the time it was granted,                        it met the conditions laid down in a regulation adopted pursuant to Article 2 of Regulation (EC) No 994/98, which was applicable                        at the time the aid was granted.                  

# Article 3U.K.

1.Recovery of the aid referred to in Article 1 shall be immediate and effective.                  

2.Italy shall ensure that this Decision is implemented within four months following the date of its notification.                  

# Article 4U.K.

1.Within two months of notification of this Decision, Italy shall submit the following information:                  

(a)the list of the beneficiaries that have received aid under the schemes referred to in Article 1 and the total amount received                        by each of them under the scheme concerned;                  

(b)the total amount (capital and interest) to be recovered from each beneficiary that received aid which cannot be covered by                        the *de minimis* rule;                  

(c)a detailed description of the measures already taken and planned in order to comply with this Decision;                  

(d)the documents showing that the beneficiaries have been ordered to repay the aid.                  

2.Italy shall keep the Commission informed of the progress of the national measures taken to implement this Decision until the                        aid granted under the schemes referred to in Article 1 has been fully recovered. It shall immediately submit, on simple request                        by the Commission, information on the measures already taken and planned in order to comply with this Decision. It shall also                        provide detailed information concerning the amounts of aid and interest already recovered from the beneficiaries.                  

# Article 5U.K.

This Decision is addressed to the Italian Republic.

Done at Brussels, 17 July 2013.

*For the Commission*                            

Dacian Cioloș                            

*Member of the Commission*                            

1

Now internal market.

2

OJ L 184, 23.7.2003, p. 15.                           

3

OJ C 37, 10.2.2012, p. 30.                           

4

Now Articles 107 and 108 of the Treaty.

5

OJ L 337, 21.12.2007, p. 35.                           

6

OJ C 319, 27.12.2006, p. 1.                           

7

OJ L 209, 11.8.2005, p. 1.                           

8

In 2009 Italy was the fifth largest producer of cow’s milk in the EU, producing 11.364 million tonnes. In 2010 it imported                              1 330 602 tonnes and exported 4 722 tonnes of milk.                           

9

Under European Court of Justice case law, the mere fact that the competitive situation of a company has been improved by the                              granting of an advantage which the company could not have obtained under normal market conditions and which competing undertakings                              do not enjoy is sufficient to prove distortion of competition (Case 730/79 - *Philip Morris v Commission* [1980] ECR I - 2671).                           

10

Case C-70/72 *Commission v Germany* [1973] ECR I - 813, paragraph 13.                           

11

Joined cases C-278/92, C-279/92 and C-280/92 *Spain v Commission* [1994] ECR I - 4103, paragraph 75, Case C-75/97 *Belgium v Commission* [1999] ECR I-30671, paragraphs 64-65                           

12

OJ L 83, 27.3.1999, p. 1.                           

13

OJ C 272, 15.11.2007, p. 4.                           

14

OJ L 140, 30.4.2004, p. 1.                           

15

Order of 12 December 2012, Case T-260/00 - *Cooperativa San Marco fra Lavoratori della Piccola Pesca and Others v Commission*, not yet published, paragraph 55.                           

16

Case C-348/93 *Commission v Italy* [1995] ECR I-673, paragraph 27.                           

17

Judgment of 19 May 1999 in Case C-6/97 *Italy v Commission* [1999] ECR I-2981, paragraph 34.                           

18

OJ C 272, 15.11.2007, p. 4.                           

19

OJ L 142, 14.5.1998, p. 1.