# Patent

## Title
Scope adjustment method and apparatus

## Abstract

A rifle scope system allows adjustment of the scope while a shooter maintains the shooting posture and the scope sight picture. The scope system comprises an adjustment system comprising an electromechanical mechanism that responds to a signal from a remote controller manipulated by the shooter without having to significantly disturb the shooting posture. The adjustment system allows the shooter to adjust the scope's point of aim to coincide with a bullet's point of impact at a target. Such adjustment can be performed either by the shooter. Alternatively, such adjustment could be performed by a processor configured to adjust the point of aim based on a ballistic parameter associated with the bullet or the shooting environment. The adjustment system allows such processor-determined adjustments to be effected in a quick manner.

## Background
RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/118,083 filed Apr. 29, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,350,329 which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/441,422, filed on May 19, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,886,287 entitled “SCOPE ADJUSTMENT METHOD AND APPARATUS” which claims priority from U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 60/381,922, filed on May 18, 2002 which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety herein. This application is also related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/120,701, filed May 3, 2005, entitled “SCOPE ADJUSTMENT METHOD AND APPARATUS.”


BACKGROUND
1. Field
The present teachings generally relate to systems and methods for optical sighting of firearms and, in various embodiments, to a system and method for adjusting a point of aim of a rifle scope without having to significantly disturb the shooter's scope sight picture and the shooting posture.
2. Description of the Related Art
Many firearms such as rifles are equipped with optical scopes to aid in accurate positioning of the firearm's point of aim (POA). When shot, a bullet's point of impact (POI) at a target varies depending on various ballistic parameters associated with the bullet and the shooting environment. Some of the common ballistic parameters include, for example, the bullet type, distance to the target, and wind speed.
In order to place the bullet where the rifle is aimed at, the POA needs to coincide sufficiently close to the POI. If it is not, the POA needs to be “sighted in” such that such that the POA is moved towards the POI. Typically, a shooter “zeroes” the POA such that the POA coincides with the POI at a given distance. The shooter then relies on a ballistic table or prior experience to estimate either a rise or drop of the bullet at other distances.
Such sighting in process typically involves repetition of shots with manual manipulations of the elevation and/or windage adjustment mechanisms. Each manipulation of the scope adjustment usually requires the shooter to disturb the scope sight picture. After each adjustment is made, the shooter has to re-assume the proper shooting posture and re-acquire the target through the scope. Furthermore, subsequent shots at targets at non-zeroed distances may be subject to shooter's estimate errors.
The continuous repetition of this process results in potential errors in the sighting in of the firearm. Specifically, with higher power firearms, the recoil of the firearm can be substantial. As such, a shooter who is repeatedly firing the firearm to sight it in may begin to flinch prior to firing the rifle in anticipation of the recoil. Flinching can then result in the shooter introducing error into the shooting process thereby increasing the difficulty in sighting in the firearm. Flinching is generally observed to increase with each additional shot fired. Hence, there is a need for a system and process that allows the firearm to be sighted in a more efficient fashion.
A further difficulty with firearms is that the shooter must often have to estimate the deviation between the point of aim and the point of impact due to distance. As discussed above, most shooters sight the firearm such that the point of aim and point of impact coincide at a given distance. However, when shooting at a distance other than the given distance, the shooter must estimate the range and then estimate the change in bullet drop due to the range. Naturally, estimating the range can be very difficult, particularly when it must be done very quickly as is common in hunting or combat situations. Hence, there is further a need for a system that allows the shooter to more easily shoot at targets at ranges varying other than the sighted in range.
Thus, there is an ongoing need to improve the manner in which rifle scopes are adjusted. There is a need for a scope adjustment system and method that allow a shooter to place the bullet at the desired target location in an improved manner. There is also a need for system and method that facilitates target range determination and improved use of such information in shooting application.
SUMMARY
The aforementioned needs are satisfied by various aspects of the present teachings. One aspect of the present teachings relates to a sight system for a handheld firearm. The system comprises an optical assembly having a point of aim. The point of aim allows the firearm to be aimed at a target and the point of aim is adapted to be moved with respect to an optical axis of the optical assembly. The system further comprises an actuator coupled to the point of aim so as to urge the point of aim to move with respect to the optical axis thereby allowing the point of aim to be adjusted. The system further comprises a movement mechanism that causes the actuator to move thereby causing the point of aim to be adjusted with respect to a point of impact of a bullet fired from the firearm. The system further comprises a remote controller that sends a signal to the movement mechanism which in response causes the one actuator to move.
In certain embodiments, the actuator comprises an elongate member having a first end and an actuator axis that is generally perpendicular to the optical axis. The movement mechanism engages the first end and causes the elongate member to move along the actuator axis thereby causing the point of aim to move.
In one embodiment, the elongate member comprises a threaded rod adapted to engage a threaded portion of a housing that houses the optical assembly. The rotation of the threaded rod causes it to move along the actuator axis. The threaded rod defines a slot at the end adjacent the movement mechanism. The movement mechanism comprises a flat head driver driven by a rotational driving device. The flat head is dimensioned to be received by the slot at the end of the threaded rod and the rotational driving device causes the flat head to rotate the threaded rod thereby causing it to move along the actuator axis. In one embodiment, the rotational driving device comprises an electrical motor configured to operate in response to a signal originating from a remote location.
In one embodiment, the movement mechanism comprises a bolt having a bolt axis that forms a non-zero angle with respect to the actuator axis. The motion of the bolt along the bolt axis causes the actuator to move along the actuator axis thereby causing the point of aim to move along the actuator axis. The bolt includes an engagement end adjacent the actuator and a driving end away from the actuator. The bolt axis is generally perpendicular to the actuator axis such that the bolt axis is generally parallel to the optical axis. The actuator's movement is substantially limited to a direction along the actuator axis and the bolt's translational motion is substantially limited to a direction along the bolt axis. The first end of the actuator defines an angled surface that defines a first plane perpendicular to a second plane defined by the actuator axis and the bolt axis. The first plane forms a first angle with respect to the bolt axis. The first angle is between 0 and 90 degrees. The engagement end of the bolt pushing against the angled surface along the bolt axis causes the actuator to move away from the bolt axis along the actuator axis such that the motion of the bolt by ΔX is transferred to the motion of the actuator by ΔY by a relationship approximated by ΔY=ΔX tan θ where θ represents the first angle. The point of aim is biased such that when the bolt retracts from the angled surface, the actuator moves towards the bolt axis thereby allowing a reversible motion of the point of aim. In one embodiment, the first angle is between 0 and 45 degrees.
In one embodiment, the bolt comprises a threaded bolt whose threads mate with threads formed on a housing about the bolt such that rotation of the threaded bolt causes it to move along bolt axis. The bolt defines a keyed aperture that extends along the bolt axis wherein the keyed aperture is dimensioned to allow the bolt to be rotated by a shaft that is rotationally driven by an electrical motor. The keyed aperture allows the shaft to rotate the bolt while allowing the bolt to slide along the bolt axis. In one embodiment, the keyed aperture extends along the substantially entire length of the bolt and the keyed aperture at the engagement end is dimensioned to receive a coupling pin that extends along the bolt axis to couple to an indicator dial that indicates the amount of bolt's rotation.
In certain embodiments, the remote controller is disposed at a location easily accessible by a shooter without having to significantly disturb the shooter's shooting posture. In one embodiment, the remote controller is disposed proximate the shooter's trigger finger so as to allow manipulation with the trigger finger. In one embodiment, the remote controller is disposed proximate the shooter's shooting hand thumb so as to allow manipulation with the thumb. In one embodiment, the remote controller sends the signal to the movement mechanism via a wire-base link. In one embodiment, the remote controller sends the signal to the movement mechanism via a wireless link.
In certain embodiments, the sight system further comprises a detector that detects a ballistic parameter that affects the trajectory of the bullet. The system further comprises a processor that receives the ballistic parameter from the detector. The processor determines a point of aim adjustment based on the ballistic parameter. The system further comprises a transmitter that transmits a signal representative of the point of aim adjustment determined by the processor to the movement mechanism.
In one embodiment, the detector comprises a rangefinder that determines a range to the target at a location indicated by the point of aim. The range allows an elevation adjustment of the point of aim. In one embodiment, the detector comprises a wind velocity detector that determines a wind velocity so as to facilitate windage adjustment of the point of aim. In one embodiment, the detector comprises an inclinometer adapted to determine the firearm's shooting angle with respect to a horizontal line so as to facilitate correction to an elevation adjustment of the point of aim that is based on substantially horizontal shooting.
In one embodiment, the transmitter transmits the signal to the movement mechanism via a wire-based link. In one embodiment, the transmitter transmits the signal to the movement mechanism via a wireless link.
In certain embodiments, the firearm is a rifle. In certain embodiments, the point of aim is adapted to be adjusted for elevation and windage. In one embodiment, the movement mechanism is adapted to adjust the point of aim vertically for the elevation adjustment. In one embodiment, the movement mechanism is adapted to adjust the point of aim along horizontal lateral direction for the windage adjustment.
Another aspect of the present teachings relates to an adjustment mechanism device for an optical sighting apparatus. The device comprises a bolt adapted to move along a first direction wherein the bolt defines an engagement surface. The device further comprises an actuator adapted to move along a second direction. The actuator has a first end and a second end. The first end defines an angled surface that forms an angle with respect to the first direction. The angled surface engages the engagement surface of the bolt such that the engagement surface pushing on the angled surface causes the actuator to move along the second direction. The movement of the actuator along the second direction causes the second end to engage and move a portion of the optical device along the second direction.
In one embodiment, the engagement surface of the bolt pushing against the angled surface of the actuator along the first direction causes the actuator to move away from the bolt along the second direction such that the motion of the bolt by ΔX is transferred to the motion of the actuator by ΔY by a relationship approximated by ΔY=ΔX tan θ where θ represents the angle. The portion of the optical device is biased such that when the bolt's engagement surface retracts from the angled surface, the actuator moves towards the bolt thereby allowing a reversible motion of the actuator. In one embodiment, the angle is between 0 and 45 degrees. In one embodiment, the bolt comprises a threaded bolt whose threads mate with threads formed on a housing about the bolt such that rotation of the threaded bolt causes it to move along the first direction.
Yet another aspect of the present teachings relates to a sight system for a firearm. The system comprises an optical assembly having a point of aim. The point of aim allows the firearm to be aimed at a target and the point of aim is adapted to be moved with respect to an optical axis of the optical assembly. The system further comprises an actuator coupled to the point of aim so as to urge the point of aim to move with respect to the optical axis thereby allowing the point of aim to be adjusted. The system further comprises a movement mechanism that causes the actuator to move thereby causing the point of aim to be adjusted. The system further comprises a processor that induces the movement mechanism to cause point of aim to be adjusted with respect to a predicted point of impact of a bullet fired from the firearm. The predicted point of impact is determined based on a ballistic parameter that affects the trajectory of the bullet. The system further comprises a detector that provides a signal representative of the ballistic parameter to the controller.
In certain embodiments, the actuator comprises an elongate member having a first end and an actuator axis that is generally perpendicular to the optical axis. The movement mechanism engages the first end and causes the elongate member to move along the actuator axis thereby causing the point of aim to move.
In one embodiment, the elongate member comprises a threaded rod adapted to engage a threaded portion of a housing that houses the optical assembly. The rotation of the threaded rod causes it to move along the actuator axis. The threaded rod defines a slot at the end adjacent the movement mechanism. The movement mechanism comprises a flat head driver driven by a rotational driving device. The flat head is dimensioned to be received by the slot at the end of the threaded rod and the rotational driving device causes the flat head to rotate the threaded rod thereby causing it to move along the actuator axis. The rotational driving device comprises an electrical motor configured to operate in response to the inducement by the processor.
In one embodiment, the movement mechanism comprises a bolt having a bolt axis that forms a non-zero angle with respect to the actuator axis. The motion of the bolt along the bolt axis causes the actuator to move along the actuator axis thereby causing the point of aim to move along the actuator axis. The bolt includes an engagement end adjacent the actuator and a driving end away from the actuator. The bolt axis is generally perpendicular to the actuator axis such that the bolt axis is generally parallel to the optical axis. The actuator's movement is substantially limited to a direction along the actuator axis. The bolt's translational motion is substantially limited to a direction along the bolt axis. The first end of the actuator defines an angled surface that defines a first plane perpendicular to a second plane defined by the actuator axis and the bolt axis. The first plane forms a first angle with respect to the bolt axis wherein the first angle is between 0 and 90 degrees. The engagement end of the bolt pushing against the angled surface along the bolt axis causes the actuator to move away from the bolt axis along the actuator axis such that the motion of the bolt by ΔX is transferred to the motion of the actuator by ΔY by a relationship approximated by ΔY=ΔX tan θ where θ represents the first angle. The point of aim is biased such that when the bolt retracts from the angled surface, the actuator moves towards the bolt axis thereby allowing a reversible motion of the point of aim. In one embodiment, the first angle is between 0 and 45 degrees. In one embodiment, the bolt comprises a threaded bolt whose threads mate with threads formed on a housing about the bolt such that rotation of the threaded bolt causes it to move along bolt axis.
In one embodiment, the processor induces the movement mechanism via a wire-based link. In one embodiment, the processor induces the movement mechanism via a wireless link.
In one embodiment, the detector comprises a rangefinder that determines a range to the target at a location indicated by the point of aim. The range allows an elevation adjustment of the point of aim. In one embodiment, the detector comprises a wind velocity detector that determines a wind velocity so as to facilitate windage adjustment of the point of aim. In one embodiment, the detector comprises an inclinometer adapted to determine the firearm's shooting angle with respect to a horizontal line so as to facilitate correction to an elevation adjustment of the point of aim that is based on substantially horizontal shooting.
In one embodiment, the firearm is a rifle. In one embodiment, the movement mechanism is adapted to adjust the point of aim vertically for the elevation adjustment. In one embodiment, the movement mechanism is adapted to adjust the point of aim along horizontal lateral direction for the windage adjustment.
Yet another aspect of the present teachings relates to a method for automatically adjusting a point of aim of a firearm so as make the point of aim closer to a bullet's point of impact. The method comprises determining a ballistic parameter associated with the point of aim. The method further comprises determining an adjustment information from an internal database based on the ballistic parameter. The adjustment information would move the point of aim towards a likely point of impact thus determined. The method further comprises causing the adjustment information to induce the point of aim to move closer to the likely point of impact.
In one implementation, determining the ballistic parameter comprises determining a range to a target and providing the range to the adjustment information determination. In one implementation, determining the ballistic parameter comprises determining a wind velocity and providing the wind velocity to the adjustment information determination. In one implementation, determining the ballistic parameter comprises determining the firearm's shooting angle relative to a horizontal and providing the shooting angle to the adjustment information determination.
In one implementation, determining the adjustment information comprises looking up the adjustment information from a ballistic table stored in the internal database. In one implementation, determining the adjustment information comprises interpolating the adjustment information from a previously determined set of adjustment information. In one implementation, causing the adjustment information to induce the point of aim to move comprises transmitting a signal representative of the adjustment information to a movement mechanism adapted to move the point of aim.
Yet another aspect of the present teachings relates to a method of adjusting a point of aim of an optical sight for a firearm. The method comprises shooting a first bullet towards a first point of aim, and visually observing the first bullet's point impact relative to the first point of aim. The method further comprises adjusting the first point of aim to a second point of aim without having to remove sight of the sight picture through the optical sight such that the second point of aim is closer to the point of impact.
In one implementation, the method further comprises shooting a second bullet towards the second point of aim to confirm the adjustment. Adjusting the point of aim comprises manipulating a remote controller that induces the point of aim to be moved without the shooter having to touch a point of aim movement mechanism.
Yet another aspect of the present teachings relates to a scope system for a rifle. The system comprises a movement mechanism coupled to an existing reticle adjustment assembly. The movement mechanism includes a powered driver that causes the reticle to move with respect to an optical axis of the scope. The system further comprises a remote controller that outputs a signal to the movement mechanism thereby causing the powered driver to move the reticle. The remote controller outputs the signal in response to a shooter's manipulation of the remote controller disposed proximate the rifle so as to allow the shooter to manipulate the remote controller without having to lose the sight picture.
In one embodiment, the movement mechanism comprises a flat head driver driven by the powered driver. The flat head is dimensioned to be received by a slot defined by an adjustment knob. The movement mechanism is coupled to the scope via a threaded collar that mates to an existing threaded post adapted to receive a cover for the existing reticle adjustment assembly.
In one embodiment, the scope system comprises a movement mechanism coupled to an existing elevation adjustment assembly. In one embodiment, the scope system comprises a movement mechanism coupled to an existing windage adjustment assembly. In one embodiment, the scope system comprises a movement mechanism coupled to each of existing elevation and windage adjustment assemblies.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a scope adjustment system mounted on an exemplary bolt action rifle;
FIGS. 2A-C illustrate various end views of a rifle having various embodiments of the scope adjustment system adapted to allow adjustments of elevation and/or windage of a scope;
FIG. 3 illustrates a cutaway view of a scope depicting a adjustment tube disposed within the scope's housing, wherein lateral movements of the adjustment tube causes lateral adjustment of a point of aim with respect to the rifle;
FIG. 4A illustrates one embodiment of the scope adjustment system mounted on an exemplary lever action rifle;
FIGS. 4B-C illustrate some possible embodiments of a signal link between a remote controller and an adjustment mechanism of the scope adjustment system;
FIG. 5 illustrates a side cutaway view of part of the scope adjustment system of FIG. 4A;
FIG. 6 illustrates another embodiment of the scope adjustment system;
FIG. 7 illustrates a perspective partial cutaway view of part of the scope adjustment system of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 illustrates a partially disassembled view of the part of the scope adjustment system of FIG. 7, showing the relative orientation of a driving bolt that induces generally perpendicular motion of an actuator;
FIG. 9 illustrates a cutaway view of part of the scope adjustment system of FIG. 8, showing the positioning of the bolt with respect to the actuator;
FIG. 10 illustrates a side view of part of the scope adjustment system of FIG. 9, showing the engagement of the bolt with an angled surface of the actuator;
FIG. 11 illustrates how the motion of the bolt along the exemplary X-direction is translated into the exemplary Y-direction, wherein the angle of the angle surface determines the ratio of movement magnitudes between the X and Y movements;
FIG. 12A illustrates one possible process for adjusting a point of aim with respect to a point of impact of a bullet;
FIG. 12B illustrates a relative position of the point of aim and the point of impact during the process of FIG. 12A;
FIG. 13A illustrates another embodiment of a scope adjustment system, wherein the system includes a component that provides at least one ballistic parameter associated with the bullet or the shooting environment to a processor that predicts where the point of impact will be at based on the input parameter;
FIG. 13B illustrates another embodiment of a scope adjustment system having a detached ballistic parameter determining component similar to that of FIG. 13A;
FIG. 14A illustrates a functional block diagram showing how the processor can configured to integrate the ballistic parameter to induce adjustment of the point of aim with respect to the point of impact;
FIG. 14B illustrates a simplified operating principles of a rangefinder that may be used in conjunction with the processor of FIG. 14A;
FIG. 14C illustrates a functional block diagram of one possible embodiment of the detached ballistic parameter determining component of FIG. 13B;
FIGS. 15A-C illustrate how various ballistic parameters such as target range and wind velocity can be determined;
FIG. 16 illustrates one possible process for automatically adjusting the point of aim relative to the point of impact, based on the input ballistic parameter;
FIG. 17A illustrates one possible way of providing information to the processor to allow it to determine the point of impact relative to the point of aim for a given exemplary ballistic parameter, the target range, wherein the information is transferred from an external computer to the processor;
FIG. 17B illustrates one possible way of calibrating the processor to allow self-contained determination of the point of impact relative to the point of aim for a given exemplary ballistic parameter, the target range, wherein the calibration comprises making a plurality of shots at various target distances and measuring each points of impact with respect to some reference elevation, and wherein for subsequent shots at a given target distance, the corresponding elevation can be approximated based on the measured calibration shots;
FIGS. 18A-B illustrate the bullet's trajectory in downhill and uphill shooting situations, showing how the point of impact is high if the point of aim is determined based on the target range alone; and
FIG. 19 illustrates one possible process for determining the point of aim adjustment based on the angle of the rifle with respect to the horizon.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN EMBODIMENTS
These and other aspects, advantages, and novel features of the present teachings will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, similar elements have similar reference numerals.
FIG. 1 illustrates a rifle 102 having a scope adjustment system 100 mounted thereon. The system 100 comprises an adjustment mechanism 106 mounted onto a scope 104. As described below in greater detail, different embodiments of the adjustment mechanism 106 can be either mounted to an existing scope, or be an integral part of a scope. The system 100 further comprises a remote controller 110 configured so as to allows a shooter to control the adjustment mechanism 106 without having to significantly interrupt the shooter's scope sight picture or the shooting posture.
It will be appreciated that the remote controller (110 in FIG. 1) may comprise any number of configurations of various types of switches and combinations thereof. In the description herein, the controller is depicted as an assembly of four switches—two for controlling the elevation adjustment of the scope, and two for controlling the windage adjustment of the scope. It should be understood, however, that such a switch arrangement is exemplary, and any number of other configurations of switches may be utilized without departing from the spirit of the present teachings.
For example, the remote controller may comprise a single joystick-type device having a stubby stick manipulator adapted for easy manipulation by a trigger finger. Such a device may include internal switching mechanisms that provide either on-off functions for controlling the exemplary elevation and windage adjustments. Alternatively, the internal switching mechanism may allow proportional type response to the shooter's manipulation of the switch, such that a hard push results in a greater response than a slight push of the joystick.
Furthermore, although the remote controller is depicted to be located adjacent the trigger in the description, it will be appreciated that it could be located at other locations without departing from the spirit of the present teachings. For example, the shooter's thumb frequently manipulates functions such as a safety. Thus, the remote controller could be adapted to be located within reach of the thumb, and be manipulated by the thumb instead of the trigger finger. It should be apparent that any number of configuration of the remote controller (location and type) may be employed so as to be adaptable to various types of firearms or any other projectile launching devices.
The scope adjustment system is described herein in context of bolt-action and lever-action rifles. It will be understood, however, that the scope adjustment system may be adapted to work in any scoped firearms, including but not limited to, a semi-auto rifle, a selective-fire rifle, shotguns of different action types, handguns, and the like. The scope adjustment system may also be applicable in other projectile-launching devices having optical sights, such as various types of bows. Thus, it will be appreciated that the novel concepts of the scope adjustment system may be utilized on different platforms without departing from the spirit of the present teachings.
In a rifle scope, a point of aim (POA) is typically indicated by some form of a reticle. Common reticle configurations include a cross-hair type, a dot type, or some combination thereof. In a cross-hair reticle, the POA is typically at the intersection of two or more lines. In a dot reticle, the POA is the dot itself. For the purpose of description herein, the POA is indicated by a simple dot or a simple cross-hair. It will be appreciated, however, that the scope adjustment system may be employed with any number of reticle configurations without departing from the spirit of the present teachings.
Typically, the POA in a rifle scope can be adjusted for “elevation” to account for rise and fall of the bullet at its point of impact (POI). The POA can also be adjusted for “windage” to account for influences on the bullet that affect the horizontal displacement of the bullet at the POI. An elevation adjustment assembly is typically disposed at the top portion of the scope, and the windage adjustment assembly is typically disposed at one of the sides of the scope.
As shown in FIGS. 2A-C, the scope adjustment system may be implemented to allow adjustment of the elevation and/or the windage. In FIG. 2A, the end view of a rifle 120 illustrates an adjustment system 122 adapted to control the elevation adjustment of a scope 124. In FIG. 2B, the end view of a rifle 130 illustrates an adjustment system 132 adapted to control both the elevation and windage adjustments of a scope 134. In FIG. 2C, the end view of a rifle 140 illustrates an adjustment system 142 adapted to control the windage adjustment of a scope 144. Thus, it will be appreciated that the scope adjustment system may be adapted to control any of the controllable features of a scope, either singularly, or in any combination thereof.
FIG. 3 now illustrates a cutaway view of a portion of a scope having a housing 150 and a adjustment tube 152. The adjustment tube 152 may house optical elements (not shown) and the reticle (not shown). The adjustment of the POA may be achieved by moving the adjustment tube 152 (thereby moving the reticle) relative to the housing 150. Such motion of the adjustment tube 152 may be achieved by an actuator 154 adapted to move along a first direction indicated by an arrow 156. The first direction 156 is generally perpendicular to an optical axis indicated by an arrow 158. When the actuator 154 pushes against the adjustment tube 152, the tube 152 moves away from the actuator 154. When the actuator 154 is backed out, the adjustment tube 152 moves towards the actuator 154, induced by some bias not shown in FIG. 3.
The motion of the adjustment tube 152 along the first direction 156 causes a POA 162 in a scope field of view 160 to move along a direction 164 that is generally parallel to the first direction 156. It will be understood that the first direction 156 in FIG. 3 may represent a vertical direction for the elevation adjustment, or a horizontal lateral direction for the windage adjustment. As described below in greater detail, the actuator 154 may be moved by using different movement mechanisms.
One aspect of the present teachings relates to a scope adjustment system that allows a shooter to remotely control the actuator motion, thereby allowing the shooter to change the POA without having to take the sighting eye off the scope or significantly altering the shooting posture. Various embodiments of the scope adjustment system are described below.
FIG. 4A illustrates one embodiment of a scope adjustment system 170 comprising an adjustment mechanism 174 mounted on a scope 176. The scope 176 is mounted on a rifle 172. The scope adjustment system 170 further comprises a remote controller 184 disposed near a trigger, so as to allow the shooter to manipulate the controller 184 with the trigger finger.
The scope adjustment system 170 in FIG. 4A is depicted as having the adjustment mechanism 174 coupled to the elevation adjustment portion by a coupling 180. It will be appreciated that another similar adjustment mechanism may be coupled to the windage adjustment portion 182 without departing from the spirit of the present teachings. Alternatively, an adjustment mechanism may be adapted to be a singular unit that couples to both the elevation and windage adjustment portions.
The remote controller 184 in FIG. 4A is depicted as having four buttons 186a-d. The top and bottom buttons 186a and 186b may be assigned to control respectively up and down movements of the POA in the scope field of view. Similarly, the front and rear buttons 186c and 186d may be assigned to control respectively left and right movements of the POA (if so equipped). The manner in which the remote controller 184 is mounted to the rifle 172, and the manner in which the remote controller 184 communicates with the adjustment mechanism 174, are described below in greater detail.
FIGS. 4B-C illustrate some possible embodiments of a signal link between the remote controller and the adjustment mechanism. Such links may be used for the scope adjustment system 170 of FIG. 4A or any other scope adjustment systems described herein.
FIG. 4B illustrates one embodiment of a signal link 760 comprising a wire connection 762 between a remote controller 764 and an adjustment mechanism 766. Manipulation of switches 768 may form switching circuits in a switching circuitry 770 that in turn induces the operation of a motor 772.
FIG. 4C illustrates another embodiment of a signal link 780 comprising a wireless transmitted signal 782 transmitted from a transmitter 790 of a remote controller 784. The transmitter 790 may be powered by a power source 792 such as a battery. Manipulation of switches 788 induces the transmitter to transmit corresponding signals 782 that are received by a receiver 794 disposed in an adjustment mechanism 786. The receiver 594 may then induce the operation of a motor 796 in response to the received signals.
FIG. 5 now illustrates a more detailed cutaway view of the adjustment mechanism 174. Overall, the adjustment mechanism couples a motor therein to an existing actuator, thereby allowing the motor to move the actuator. One embodiment 174 of the adjustment mechanism illustrated in FIG. 5 is adapted such that the coupling 180 comprises a threaded collar 198 that mates to a threaded portion (for receiving a cover) of an existing structure 218. An existing threaded actuator 192 disposed within the structure defines a slot 194 dimensioned to receive a turning tool such as a flathead screwdriver or a coin. Thus, by turning the threaded actuator 192 by a tool, the actuator 192 can move a adjustment tube 190 in a manner described above in reference to FIG. 3.
The adjustment mechanism 174 couples to the existing structure 218 by the collar 180. The threaded actuator 192 is turned by a flat head 196 of a driver member 200. The driver member 200 defines a recess 202 on the opposite end from the flat head 196, and the recess 202 is dimensioned to receive a motor shaft 204 therein, thereby providing a coupling 208 between the driver member 200 and a motor 210. Thus, when the motor shaft 204 turns, the flat head 196 turns in response, thereby causing motion of the threaded actuator 192 along a direction generally perpendicular to the optical axis of the scope. In one embodiment, the recess 202 is deep enough to accommodate the travel range of the driver member 200 with respect to the driver shaft 204. The coupling 208 between the motor 210 and the driver member 200 may also include a spring 206 that constantly urges the flat head 196 of the driver member 200 against the slot 194 of the threaded actuator 192.
In the embodiment 174 of the adjustment mechanism, the motor 210 is powered by a battery. The motor 210 rotates in response to a motor signal from a control unit 216 that results from a signal from the remote controller (not shown). A housing 214 houses the battery 212, motor 210, control unit 216, and the driver member 200.
It should be apparent that the motor 210 and the battery 212 can be selected from a wide variety of possible types, depending on the performance criteria. It will be appreciated that the motor 210 may be powered by a power source other than a battery without departing from the spirit of the present teachings. For example, the adjustment mechanism may be adapted to be powered by an external source, such as a battery adapter.
It will also be appreciated that the adjustment mechanism may be adapted to couple to numerous other types of scopes. For example, some scopes may have knobs (instead of slots) for turning the threaded actuators therein. In such scopes, coupling may, for example, be achieved by removing the knob(s) from the scope, and appropriately attaching the adjustment mechanism so as to couple the motor to the threaded actuator. Such attachment may utilize structures on the scope that allow the knobs to be attached thereon.
One aspect of the present teachings relates to an adjustment mechanism having a motor shaft oriented generally parallel to the optical axis of the scope. It will be seen from the description below that such orientation of the motor shaft, along with its coupling to the actuator (that extends generally perpendicular to the motor shaft), provides certain advantageous features.
FIG. 6 now illustrates one embodiment of a scope adjustment system 220 having such motor shaft orientation and perpendicular actuator. The system 220 comprises an adjustment mechanism 224 mounted on a scope 226. The scope 226 is mounted on a rifle 222. The system 220 further comprises a remote controller 234 disposed near a trigger, so as to allow the shooter to manipulate the controller 234 with the trigger finger.
The scope adjustment system 220 in FIG. 6 is depicted as having the adjustment mechanism 224 coupled to the elevation adjustment portion by a coupling 230. It will be appreciated that another similar adjustment mechanism may be coupled to the windage adjustment portion 232 without departing from the spirit of the present teachings. Alternatively, an adjustment mechanism may be adapted to be a singular unit that couples to both the elevation and windage adjustment portions.
The remote controller 234 in FIG. 6 is depicted as having four buttons 236a-d. The top and bottom buttons 236a and 236b may be assigned to control respectively up and down movements of the POA in the scope field of view. Similarly, the front and rear buttons 236c and 236d may be assigned to control respectively left and right movements of the POA (if so equipped). The remote controller 234 may communicate with the adjustment mechanism 224 in a manner described above in reference to FIGS. 4B-C.
FIG. 7 illustrates a partial cutaway view of the adjustment mechanism 224 having a motor 252 mounted such that its shaft (not shown in FIG. 7) extends along a direction generally parallel to the optical axis. Again, the motor may be powered by a battery 250, or other source of power may be utilized. The motor 252 is controlled by a control unit 254 via a motor signal in response to an input signal from the remote controller (not shown).
The adjustment mechanism 224 further comprises a transfer mechanism 242 that facilitates transfer of motion along the X-axis to motion along the Y-axis in a manner described below. The motor shaft being oriented along the X-axis further allows the motor angular displacement (proportional to the X-motion and the Y-motion) to be visually monitored by a dial indicator 260. Such dial may face the shooter, and be calibrated with indicator marks to indicate commonly used POA displacement units. For example, many POA adjustment dials and knobs are calibrated in units of 1⁄4 MOA (minute of angle). The dial indicator 260 may provide additional visual feedback to proper functioning of the scope adjustment system 224. It will be appreciated that the X-axis orientation of the motor shaft allows easier implementation of the indicator dial without complex coupling mechanisms.
In FIG. 7, the adjustment mechanism 224 is shown to be coupled via the coupling 230. The internal components within the transfer mechanism 242 and the coupling 230 are described below in greater detail. The transfer of the X-motion to the Y-motion allows moving of a adjustment tube 240 with respect to the scope tube 226 in a manner described below. In the embodiment 224 shown in FIG. 7, the battery 250, motor 252, and the transfer mechanism housing are enclosed within an outer housing 256.
FIG. 8 now illustrates a partially disassembled view of the transfer mechanism 242. The mechanism 242 comprises a housing 262 having an input portion 264 and an output portion 266. The input portion 264 is adapted to receive a bolt 270. In one embodiment, the bolt 270 comprises a elongate member having a threaded portion 272, an engagement surface 274, and a smooth portion 276 therebetween. The threaded portion 272 is adapted to engage its counterpart threads (shown in FIGS. 9 and 10) within the housing 262. The bolt 270 defines an aperture 300 that extends along the axis of the bolt 270. The aperture 300 is dimensioned to allow the bolt to be rotated by a motor shaft 278, while allowing relatively free longitudinal (sliding) motion of the shaft 278 within the aperture 300.
In one embodiment, the aperture and shaft cross sections are dimensioned and include a flat (key) portion in an otherwise round shape, so as to allow positive rotational coupling therebetween while allowing the bolt 270 to slide on the shaft 278. Thus, when the shaft 278 is turned by the motor, the shaft 278 causes the bolt 270 to rotate as well. Because the bolt's threaded portion 272 is in engagement with the counterpart threads in the housing 262, rotating bolt causes the bolt 270 to move along the X-axis relative to the housing 262. The keyed coupling via the aperture 300 allows the bolt 270 to slideably move relative to the shaft 278.
One aspect of the present teachings relates to transferring the motion of a driven bolt along a first direction to the motion of an actuator along a second direction. In FIG. 8, the bolt 270 is driven along the X-axis in the manner described above. The transfer mechanism 242 further comprises an assembly 280 having an actuator 286 that extends along the Y-axis. The actuator 286 comprises a generally elongate member having a first end 308a and a second end 308b. The first end 308a defines an angled surface 282 that forms an angle relative to a plane perpendicular to the axis of the actuator 286. The angled surface 282 engages the engagement surface 274 of the bolt 270 to cause transfer of directionality of motion in a manner described below. The second end 308b defines an adjustment tube engagement surface 284 that engages the adjustment tube (240 in FIG. 7).
The first end 308a of the actuator 286 is positioned within the housing 262 through the output portion 266 of the housing 262 and engages the bolt 270 in a manner described below. The second end 308b of the actuator 286 is positioned within the scope (226 in FIG. 7). In one embodiment, the second end 308b of the actuator 286 extends through an aperture 294 defined by a guide member 296. The guide member 296 may be a part of an interface assembly 290 that allows formation of the coupling 230 (FIG. 7) of the adjustment mechanism 224 to the scope 226. The interface assembly 290 may further comprise latching members 292 that allow the coupling 230 to be secure.
As also seen in FIG. 8, the X-axis orientation of the motor shaft 278 allows a simple coupling of the motor output to the dial indicator 260 described above in reference to FIG. 7. In one embodiment, the transfer mechanism 242 further comprises a dial coupling pin 302 that extends in the X-direction. The motor end of the pin 302 is dimensioned to fit into the keyed aperture 300 defined by the bolt 270. The dial end of the pin 302 is dimensioned to extend through a dial coupling aperture 304 defined by the housing 262 at a location generally opposite from the input portion 264. The area adjacent the dial coupling aperture 304 may be recessed to form a recess 306 dimensioned to receive a dial coupling member 310. The coupling member 310 couples the pin 302 to the dial 260. It should be understood that there are a number of ways the dial 260 can be coupled to the motor shaft 278 without departing from the spirit of the present teachings.
FIG. 9 now illustrates a cutaway view of the transfer mechanism 242 showing the internal structure of the housing 262. The housing 262 defines an input aperture 312 having a threaded-wall portion 320 and a smooth-wall portion 322. The input aperture 312 extends generally along the X-axis. The threaded-wall portion 320 is adapted to mate with the threaded portion 272 of the bolt 270, and the smooth-wall portion 322 is dimensioned to receive the smooth portion 276 of the bolt 270, and to allow X-motion of the engagement surface 274.
The housing 262 further defines an output aperture 324 that extends generally along the Y-axis. The output aperture 324 is dimensioned to receive the actuator 286 and allow Y-motion of the actuator 286 as a result of the engagements of the angled surface 282 and the adjustment tube engagement surface 284 with the engagement surface 274 of the bolt 270 and the adjustment tube (240 in FIG. 7), respectively.
Because the orientation of the angled surface 282 with respect to the bolt 270 (the angle between the bolt's axis and angled surface's normal line) affects the manner in which motion is transferred, it is preferable to maintain such an orientation angle substantially fixed. One way of maintaining such a fixed orientation angle is to inhibit the actuator 286 from rotating about its own axis with respect to the bolt 270. In one embodiment, the actuator 286 includes guiding tabs 288. The housing 262 further defines guiding slots 326 adjacent the output aperture 324. The guiding tabs 288 and the guiding slots 326 are dimensioned so as to inhibit rotational movement of the actuator 286 about its axis, while allowing Y-motion of the actuator 286.
FIG. 10 now illustrates a sectional side view of the transfer mechanism 242. In particular, the engagement between the bolt 270 and the actuator 286 is shown clearly. Along the X-axis, the threaded portion 272 of the bolt 270 mates with the threaded-wall portion 320 of the input aperture 312, and the smooth portion 276 of the bolt 270 extends into the smooth-walled portion 322 of the input aperture 312. Along the Y-axis, the actuator 286 extends into the output aperture 324 such that the angled surface 282 engages the engagement surface 274 of the bolt 270.
With such a transfer mechanism configuration, rotation of the bolt 270 by the shaft 278 causes the bolt 270 to move along the X-axis. If the bolt 270 moves towards the angled surface 282, the transferred motion causes the actuator 286 to move away from the bolt 270. Such a motion of the actuator 286 causes the adjustment tube engagement surface 284 to push against the adjustment tube. As previously described, the adjustment tube may be biased (by some spring, for example) towards the actuator. Thus, if the bolt 270 moves away from the angled surface 282 (via the counter-rotation of the bolt), the actuator 286 is able to move towards the bolt 270, and the bias on the adjustment tube facilitates such movement of the actuator 286. Thus, it will be appreciated that the Y-motion of the actuator 286 is induced by the X-motion of the bolt 270.
FIG. 11 illustrates an expanded view of the engagement between the bolt 270 and the actuator 286. In particular, FIG. 11 shows how the configuration of the angled surface 282 affects the movement transfer. In one embodiment, the plane defined by the angled surface 282 is substantially perpendicular to the plane defined by the bolt's axis (X-axis) and the actuator's axis (Y-axis). In such a configuration, angle θ defines the angle of the angled surface 282 with respect to the X-axis.
As previously described, the bolt 270 motion is substantially restricted along the X-axis (as shown by an arrow 332), and the actuator 286 motion is substantially restricted along the Y-axis (as shown by an arrow 334). As such, two exemplary engagement positions, 330a and 330b, of the engagement surface 274 are depicted as solid and dotted lines, respectively. The X-displacement between the two positions of the bolt 270 is denoted as ΔX. The corresponding positions of the actuator 286 are depicted respectively as solid and dotted lines. The corresponding Y-displacement of the actuator 286 is denoted as ΔY. From the geometry of the engagement configuration, one can see that ΔX and obey a simple relationship

ΔY=ΔX tan θ.  (1)

One can see that tan θ is effectively a “reduction” (or an “increasing”) term. For θ between 0 and 45 degrees, the value of tan θ ranges from 0 to 1. For θ between 45 and 90 degrees, the value of tan θ ranges from 1 to a large number. In the scope application, a fine control of ΔY is usually desired. Thus, by selecting an appropriate angle θ, one can achieve the desired ΔY resolution without having to rely on a fine resolution motor.
As an example, an angle of 20 degrees yields a reduction factor of approximately 0.364. If one selects an exemplary thread count of 32 (threads per inch) for the bolt threads, one rotation of the bolt results in ΔX of approximately 0.03125′′ and the resulting ΔY would be approximately 0.03125′′×0.364=0.0114′′. It should be understood that any number of other thread pitches of the bolt and angles of the angled surface may be utilized without departing from the spirit of the present teachings.
It will be appreciated that the X-Y motion transfer performed in a foregoing manner using an angled surface benefits from advantageous features. One such advantage is that because any value of the angle of the angled surface can be selected during fabrication of the actuator, the reduction factor comprises a continuum of values, unlike discrete values associated with reduction gear systems. Another advantage is that for a given reduction value (i.e., given angle), the substantially smooth angled engagement surface allows a substantially continuous motion transfer having a substantially linear response.
It will be appreciated that the novel concept of transferring motion via the angled engagement surface can be implemented in any number of ways. In the description above in reference to FIGS. 8-11, the bolt 270 and the actuator 286 are generally cylindrical shaped structures. It should be understood, however, that any number of other shaped structures may be utilized for the bolt and/or the actuator. Furthermore, the bolt does not necessarily have to be moved via the threaded means. It could be pushed/pulled in a non-rotating manner by some other linear driving device. Thus, for example, a non-rotating bolt having a non-circular sectional shape may engage an angled surface of an actuator having a non-circular sectional shape, and provide similar reduction factor in transferred motion without departing from the spirit of the present teachings. Moreover, while the transfer mechanism 242 is described for use in conjunction with the adjustment of a telescopic sight for a firearm, such transfer mechanism (or some mechanism similar to it) can also be used in any of a number of different implementations where fine control adjustment is needed without departing from the spirit of the present teachings.
It will also be appreciated that in certain embodiments, the motion transfer between a driving shaft and an actuator is achieved by other means. For example, a cam device may be attached to the driving shaft, and one end of the actuator may be adapted to engage the cam so as to provide a variable actuator position depending on the cam's (thus driving shaft's) orientation with respect to the actuator. In another example, a driving shaft may be oriented generally parallel (but offset) to an actuator. The end of the shaft may comprises a curved surface such that an end of the actuator engages the curved surface of the shaft. When the shaft is made to rotate, the curved and offset surface causes the actuator to change its position.
The scope adjustment system described above allows a shooter to adjust the POA to coincide with the bullet's POI while maintaining the scope sight picture and not significantly altering the shooting posture. FIG. 12A illustrates one possible implementation of a process 340 for such adjustment of the POA. FIG. 12B illustrates various scope sight pictures corresponding to various steps of the process 340.
The process 340 begins at a start state 342, and in state 344 that follows, the shooter shoots a first round at a target. After the first shot is made, a scope sight picture 360 shows that a POI 372 of the first round is displaced from a POA 370. Such POA-POI discrepancy is depicted for the purpose of describing the adjustment process. The POA may coincide with the POI sufficiently, in which case, adjustment is not necessary. In a decision state 346, the shooter determines whether the POA should be adjusted. If the answer is “No,” then the scope adjustment is not performed, and the shooter can either shoot a second round in state 352, or simply stop shooting in state 354.
If the answer to the decision state 346 is “Yes,” then the shooter remotely induces adjustment of the POA in state 350 such that the POA 370 is moved to the POI 372. One possible movement sequence of the POA 370 is depicted in a scope sight picture 362, as a horizontal (windage) correction 374 followed by a vertical (elevation) correction 376. It will be appreciated that the movement of the POA to the POI may comprise any number of sequences. For example, the vertical movement may be performed before the horizontal movement without departing from the spirit of the present teachings. Furthermore, the POA movement sequence depicted in FIG. 12B assumes that the scope adjustment system controls both the elevation and windage adjustments. As previously described, however, only one of elevation or windage adjustments may be performed in a similar manner without departing from the spirit of the present teachings.
Once the POA is adjusted in state 350, the shooter, in state 352, may shoot a second round to confirm the adjustment. A scope sight picture 364 depicts such a confirmation, where the POA 370 coincides with the POI 372.
The portion of the process 340 described above may be repeated if the shooter determines in a decision state 354 to do so. If the adjustment is to be repeated, the process 340 loops back to state 350 where another remotely induced adjustment is made. If the adjustment is not to be made (“no” in decision state 354), the process 340 ends in state 356.
It will be understood that the meaning of “POA coinciding with POI” does not necessarily mean that a particular given bullet's POI coincides precisely with the POA. As is generally understood in the art, the intrinsic accuracy of a given rifle may cause several POIs to “group” at the target, regardless of the shooter's skill. Thus, the POA preferably should be positioned at the center of the group of POIs. In certain situations, the shooter may decide that even if the second shot does not place the POA precisely on the POI, the adjustment is good enough for the intended shooting application. Thus, it will be appreciated that whether or not the adjusted POA coincides precisely with the POI in no way affects the novel concept of scope adjustment described herein.
It will also be appreciated that the quick and efficient POA adjustment described above does not depend on the shooter's knowledge of the ballistic parameters such as target distance, wind speed, or bullet properties, provided that these parameters do not change significantly during the adjustment. The POA adjustment is simply performed based on the initial empirical POA-POI discrepancy. If one or more parameter changes, the POA may be re-adjusted in a similar manner, again in a quick and efficient manner. For example, a change in the ammunition may change the bullet type and the ballistics of the bullet's trajectory, thereby changing the POI. A target distance change may cause the POI to change from that of the previous distance. A change in wind speed also may cause the POI to change.
It will be appreciated that various embodiments of the rifle scope described herein allows a shooter to adjust the POA with respect to the POI without having to disturb the shooting posture or the scope sight picture. Such an advantage is provided by various embodiments of the remote controller disposed at an appropriate location (such as adjacent to the trigger for the trigger finger manipulation or adjacent a thumb-operated safety for thumb manipulation), and various embodiments of the adjustment mechanism that responds to the manipulation of the remote controller. As is known in the art, maintaining a proper shooting posture greatly improves the shooter's ability to deliver the bullet to a desired target location.
It will also be appreciated that the aforementioned advantageous features can naturally be extended to other forms of hand-held firearms (such as handguns) and other projectile launching devices (such as bows) equipped with optical sighting devices. As is also known, a proper “shooting” posture and maintaining of such posture in these non-rifle applications also improve the “shooter's” ability to deliver the projectile to its intended target location in an accurate manner.
FIGS. 13-17 now illustrate various embodiments of an integrated scope system that advantageously incorporates one or more ballistic parameter in determining and effecting a corresponding POA adjustment. In one aspect, such a system allows a shooter to acquire a target, and the one or more ballistic parameter. The system further determines the necessary POA adjustment based on the ballistic parameter(s), and causes the POA to be adjusted accordingly. It will be appreciated that such a system is particularly useful in situations where some of the ballistic parameters can change relatively quickly (such as hunting).
FIG. 13A illustrates one embodiment of an integrated scope system 380 comprising a scope 386 with an adjustment system 384 coupled thereto, and a ballistic parameter device 388 also coupled thereto. The adjustment system 384 may include a remote controller 390 that can function in a manner described above, and/or as selector switches for various other functions as described below. The integrated scope system 380 is shown to be mounted on a rifle 382.
The adjustment system 384 may use any of the previously described adjustment mechanisms without departing from the spirit of the present teachings. The system 384 in FIG. 13A is depicted as having an elevation adjustment indicator dial 392a and a windage adjustment indicator dial 392b. A transfer mechanism similar to that described above in reference to FIGS. 8-10 may be utilized to effect and monitor each of the elevation and windage adjustments. Alternatively, any number of other transfer mechanisms may be utilized in the adjustment system without departing from the spirit of the present teachings.
FIG. 13B illustrates another embodiment of a scope system 560 having a scope 566 with an adjustment system 564 coupled thereto, and a ballistic parameter device 562 detached from the adjustment system 564. The ballistic parameter device 562 is shown to be attached to the scope 566, but not to the adjustment system 564. The ballistic parameter device may determine one or more ballistic parameters, determine the adjustment based on the ballistic parameter(s), and communicate a signal representative of the adjustment to the adjustment system 564. As described herein, such communication of the signal between the ballistic parameter device 562 and the adjustment device 562 may be achieved by either a wire-based link or a wireless link.
The rifle illustrated in FIG. 13B also depicts a remote controller 570 which may be configured to control the adjustment system 564 directly, control the adjustment system 564 through the ballistic parameter device 562, control the operation of the ballistic parameter device 562, or combination thereof. The link between the remote controller 570 and the ballistic parameter device 562 and/or the adjustment system 564 may be achieved by wireless, wire-based, or any combination thereof.
The adjustment system 564 in FIG. 13B comprises the elevation and windage adjusting mechanisms. It will be appreciated that such depiction is in no way intended to limit the scope of the present teachings with respect to the usage of the detached ballistic parameter device 562. Such a device can also be used in conjunction with either of the elevation or windage adjusting mechanism separately without departing from the spirit of the present teachings. It will also be appreciated that such a device can be used in conjunction with any of the various embodiments of the adjusting mechanisms described herein.
It will also be appreciated that although the detached ballistic parameter device 562 in FIG. 13B is depicted as being mounted to the scope 566, such device could be mounted in other locations on the rifle without departing from the spirit of the present teachings. For example, the ballistic parameter device could be adapted to be mounted on the forestock, under the barrel, and on other similar locations. The ballistic parameter device could also be mounted between the rifle and the scope by adapting the device to mount to the rifle and having the scope mount on top of the ballistic parameter device.
It will also be appreciated that by having a detached ballistic parameter, such device could be used in conjunction with an existing adjustment system without having to retrofit or replace the scope/adjustment assembly. Some of the possible functionalities of the detached ballistic parameter device 562 are described below in greater detail.
FIG. 14A illustrates a functional block diagram 400 showing integration of some of various components of the integrated scope system. The scope system comprises a processor 402 functionally coupled to a POA adjustment system 406 and an adjustment controller 408. In one embodiment, the adjustment controller 408 may optionally control the POA adjustment system 406 (as indicated by a dashed line 410) directly in a manner similar to that described above in reference to FIGS. 1-12.
The scope system further comprises a ballistic parameter input 404 that inputs one or more parameters to the processor 402. Such ballistic parameters may include, but are not limited by, target range, wind velocity, ammunition type, or rifle's shooting angle. The processor 402 determines a POA adjustment based on the input of the ballistic parameter(s). Some possible methods of determining the POA adjustment are described below in greater detail.
In general, it will be appreciated that the processors comprise, by way of example, computers, program logic, or other substrate configurations representing data and instructions, which operate as described herein. In other embodiments, the processors can comprise controller circuitry, processor circuitry, processors, general purpose single-chip or multi-chip microprocessors, digital signal processors, embedded microprocessors, microcontrollers and the like.
Furthermore, it will be appreciated that in one embodiment, the program logic may advantageously be implemented as one or more components. The components may advantageously be configured to execute on one or more processors. The components include, but are not limited to, software or hardware components, modules such as software modules, object-oriented software components, class components and task components, processes methods, functions, attributes, procedures, subroutines, segments of program code, drivers, firmware, microcode, circuitry, data, databases, data structures, tables, arrays, and variables.
FIG. 14B illustrates a simplified operational principle of a rangefinder 412. The exemplary rangefinder 412 comprises a transmitter 414a that transmits a beam 416a of energy towards an object 418 whose range is being measured. The object 418 scatters the beam 416a into a scattered energy 416b, and some of the scattered energy 416b may return to the rangefinder 412 so as to be detected by a detector 414b therein. By knowing the time that elapsed between the transmission of the beam 414a and the receipt of the scattered energy 416b, and the speed of the energy beam in the medium (air, for example), the rangefinder 412 can determine the distance D between it and the object 418. Such range information can then be transferred to the processor 402 to be used for the scope adjustment.
FIG. 14C illustrates a functional block diagram of a ballistic parameter device 580 and its interaction with an adjustment system 598 mounted on a scope 584. The device 580 may be part of an integrated system described above in reference to FIG. 13A, a detached device of FIG. 13B, or any combination thereof.
The ballistic parameter device 580 is depicted as having exemplary ballistic parameter detectors such as a rangefinder 610, a wind velocity detector 612, and an inclinometer 614. It will be understood that these detectors are exemplary only, and in no way intended to limit the scope of the present teachings. A ballistic parameter device may have one or more of the aforementioned devices, one or more other ballistic parameter detecting devices not described above, or any combination thereof.
The exemplary rangefinder 610 may be configured to determine the range along a ranging axis 620. Preferably, the ranging axis 620 has a known orientation relative to an optical axis 622 of the scope 584.
The exemplary wind velocity detector 612 may comprise a mechanically driven operating system (for example, a windmill-type device or a deflection device that respond to the wind), an electrical-based system (such as a pressure differential device), or any combination thereof. In certain embodiments, such wind velocity detector may be configured to respond mostly wind velocity along the lateral direction with respect to the optical axis 622.
The exemplary inclinometer 614 may comprise a commercially available device configured for use as described herein. Alternatively, the inclinometer may simply comprise means for inputting the rifle's shooting angle, determined either by an independent device or by an estimate.
The ballistic parameter device 580 is further depicted as having an exemplary computing device 590. The computing device 590 is depicted as including a processor 592, a storage 594, and an input/output (I/O) device 596. The computing device 590 is shown to receive ballistic parameters from the rangefinder 610 (via line 642), wind velocity detector 612 (via line 644), and the inclinometer 614 (via line 646). The ballistic parameter input(s) from such exemplary detectors may be processed by the processor 592 to determine the POA adjustment as described herein. The storage may be configured to store a variety of information associated with, for example, the ballistic parameter determination and the POA adjustment determination. The I/O device 596 may allow a user to either input information into the computing device 590, or output information from the computing device 590. Such device may comprise a drive adapted to receive a memory storage device such as a magnetic disk device or a memory card. Alternatively, the I/O device may comprise a port adapted to allow the computing device to communicate with an external computer. One possible use of the I/O comprises transferring of a ballistic table for a given ammunition type from the external computer. The use of ballistic table is described below in greater detail.
The ballistic parameter device 580 is further depicted as having an exemplary transmitting and receiving (TX/RX) device 600. The device 600 may receive a signal representative of a POA adjustment determined and sent (via line 640) by the computing device 590. The device 600 may then transmit the adjustment signal to the adjustment system 598. The adjustment system 598 is depicted as comprising an exemplary elevation adjustment mechanism 586 and an exemplary windage adjustment mechanism 588. Line 632 denotes a link (wire-based or wireless) between the TX/RX device 600 and the elevation adjustment mechanism 586, and line 634 denotes a link between the device 600 and the windage adjustment mechanism 588. It will be appreciated that the adjustment system 598 may comprise either of the elevation 586 or the windage adjustment mechanism 588 alone, or together as shown, without departing from the spirit of the present teachings.
The ballistic parameter device 580 is further depicted as having an exemplary built-in control unit 602. Such unit may be configured to allow a user to manually send a POA adjustment signal to the adjustment system 598 via the TX/RX device 600 (as shown by line 636). The built-in control unit 602 may also be configured to allow the user to manipulate the various functions of the ballistic parameter device 580.
Alternatively, the functionality of the built-in control unit 602 may be replaced, supplemented, or duplicated by a remote controller 582. The remote controller 582 may be similar to the other controllers described herein (for example, 570 in FIG. 13B), and may be configured to be linked to the TX/RX device 600 of the ballistic parameter device 580 (as shown by line 630, either wire-based or wireless). The remote controller 582 may be configured to allow manual control of the adjustment system 598 via the TX/RX device 600. The remote controller 582 may also be configured to allow the user to manipulate the various functions of the ballistic parameter device 580.
The ballistic parameter device 580 is further depicted as having an exemplary power supply 604. In certain embodiments, the power supply 604 comprises a battery (or batteries).
FIGS. 15A-C depict some possible configurations of the scope system for integrating the ballistic parameter into the processor. FIG. 15A illustrates one embodiment 420 having a separate scope sight picture 422 and a rangefinder picture 424. Preferably, the scope's POA 430 and the rangefinder's POA 432 generally point to a similar area on a target 426. The rangefinder determines a range 434, and provides the range information to the processor.
In another embodiment 440 shown in FIG. 15B, a rangefinder is integrated into a scope such that a POA 442 of the sight picture 442 indicates the ranging point on a target 426. A range 446 thus obtained is provided to the processor.
In yet another embodiment 450 shown in FIG. 15C, wind velocity information may be input into the processor. The wind velocity may be approximated by the shooter and entered into the processor. Such approximation may be facilitated by some form of a wind indicator such as a flag 456. If such equipment is not available in the shooting environment, the shooter may rely on natural feature's (such as grass) response to the wind to approximate the wind velocity. Although the wind indicator 456 is depicted to be proximate a POA 454 on the target 426, windage does not necessarily have to be determined at the target location. In many shooting situations, experience shooters can gauge the wind velocity between the rifle and the target using means such as flags and/or natural features.
It will be appreciated that any number of ballistic parameters may be passed onto the processor in any number of ways without departing from the spirit of the present teachings. For example, the load information about the ammunition may be entered into the processor by the shooter in any number of ways.
FIG. 16 illustrates a process 460 for adjusting the POA based on a ballistic parameter. The process 460 may be performed by the processor 402 in FIG. 14A. The process 460 begins at a start state 462, and in state 464 that follows, the process 460 determines the POA at the target. In state 466 that follows, the process 460 obtains a ballistic parameter associated with the point of aim. Such parameter may depend on the bullet's properties and/or the shooting environment. In state 470 that follows, the process 460 determines the POI relative to the POA based on the ballistic parameter. In state 472, the process 460 induces adjustment of the POA to coincide with the POI. The process 460 ends at a stop state 474.
To make the relative POA-POI displacement reduce to an acceptable value (referred to as “coincide” above) by the process 460, the rifle needs to be sufficiently stable, at least until the POI is determined. Otherwise, a shifting POA does not provide an accurate reference point for determination of the POI. In one embodiment, the processor may make the POI determination and “freeze” the relative POA-POI positions. Thus, fast processing of POI determination (relative to time scale associated with rifle pointing instability) may allow accurate POI determination even with a physically unstable aiming platform. In such an embodiment, the subsequent instability of the rifle during the POA adjustment generally does not affect the POI accuracy.
In another embodiment, the processor may continuously update the relative POA-POI positions and adjust the POA accordingly. It will be appreciated that the various adjustment mechanisms described above, in conjunction with the POI determination process, facilitate fast adjustment of the POA so as to reduce the effects of the rifle instability. Such an embodiment of the scope system is particularly useful in situations where the rifle is moving and/or the ballistic parameter is changing during acquisition of the target (for example, a moving target).
FIGS. 17A-B now illustrate some possible exemplary methods of determining the POI relative to the POA based on the ballistic parameter (step 470 in process 460 of FIG. 16). Such methods may configure the processor prior to the adjustment process 460. The exemplary methods of FIGS. 17A-B are described in context of bullet's elevation trajectory. Thus, the target distance is the ballistic parameter for the purpose of the description. The target distance may be obtained from a rangefinder in a manner described above. It should be understood, however, that any other ballistic parameters (e.g., wind velocity, load type, etc.) may be treated in a similar manner without departing from the spirit of the present teachings.
FIG. 17A illustrates one exemplary method 480 where a bullet trajectory curve 486 is transferred from an external computer 484 to a processor 482 of the scope system. The curve 486 may be in the form of a look-up table, or an algorithm that calculates the displacement H=POI−POA from the target distance using some known algorithm. Many commercially available softwares can provide such functions (or something similar). A given curve may depend on the properties of the ammunition, such as, by way of example, bullet weight, bullet's ballistic coefficient, caliber, amount of propellant powder, and muzzle velocity. Once transferred onto the processor 482 and in step 470 of the process 460, the target range determined by the rangefinder and input to the process 460 (step 466) can be used to determine the corresponding value of H.
FIG. 17B illustrates another exemplary method 490 where a processor 492 is configured to perform a trajectory calibration 494 for a given load. Such a configuration may be desirable if the shooter does not have an access to a computer of FIG. 17A, or does not know the details about the load.
The calibration 494 may be achieved by obtaining a plurality of data points representing the target distances and their corresponding values of H=POI−POA. Each data point (i-th data point) can be obtained by making a shot, observing the difference in height between POAi and POIi, moving the POAi to the POIi (by Hi), and having the processor record the value of Hi. Other than the recording part, such a process is similar to the POA adjustment method described above in reference to FIGS. 12A-B.
In FIG. 17B, four such exemplary calibration shot data points 496a-d are shown. The calibration 494 further comprises obtaining a curve 500 based on the data points 496a-d, wherein the curve 500 allows approximation of value of H given a target distance D (at an exemplary point 502). Such a curve can be obtained in any number of ways. For example, if the trajectory is relatively “flat,” or if the shooter obtains sufficient number of calibration data shot points, simple joining of the neighboring data points may provide sufficient accuracy in H for a given D.
Alternatively, a curve can be fit based on the data points. As is generally understood, the trajectory of a projectile under gravitational influence typically has a parabolic shape that can be characterized as

y=a+bx+cx2.  (2)

where x and y respectively represent horizontal and vertical positions of the projectile, and a, b, and c are constants for a given load being calibrated and used. The constant a is usually taken to be approximately zero if the rifle's barrel is considered to be at the reference zero elevation. Given the exemplary data points 496a-d, the processor may be configured to fit Equation (2) to obtain the values of the constants b and c. Such determined values of a, b, and c may be stored in a memory location on the processor or some other location accessible by the processor. Subsequent determination of y based on input values of x may be performed in any number of ways, including but not limited to, formation of lookup tables or an algorithm programmed into the processor.

Once such fit parameters of Equation (2) are obtained and stored, the shooter can acquire a target, from which a rangefinder determines the distance D. The processor then inputs the value of D as x in Equation (2), and determines the corresponding value of y (H). The POA is then adjusted based on the value of H in a manner similar to that described above. It will be appreciated that the elevation/distance calibration method described above in reference to FIG. 17B does not require knowledge of the bullet's ballistic properties because the data points associated with the trajectory are determined empirically.
As previously described, the scope system may be configured to integrate and utilize other (than elevation) ballistic parameters without departing from the spirit of the present teachings. One aspect of the present teachings relates to integrating and utilizing a terrain-related ballistic parameter to adjust for the effect of shooting a rifle either downhill or uphill.
FIGS. 18A and 18B illustrate exemplary downhill and uphill shooting situations. In FIG. 18A, a rifle 504 is aimed at a POA 512 of a target located at a range R along a downhill slope 506. The slope 506 forms an angle φ with respect to a horizon 510. As is understood in the art, when the rifle 504 is shot at the POA 512 (adjusted for range R, either in one of the methods described above, or otherwise), the bullet impacts at a POI 516 that is higher than the POA 512 with respect to the downhill slope 506 at the target.
Similarly in FIG. 18B, the rifle 504 is aimed at a POA 524 of a target located at a range R along an uphill slope 520. The slope 520 forms an angle φ with respect to a horizon 522. As is also understood in the art, when the rifle 504 is shot at the POA 524 (adjusted for range R, either in one of the methods described above, or otherwise), the bullet impacts at a POI 530 that is higher than the POA 524 with respect to the downhill slope 520 at the target.
Both of the “shooting high” effects illustrated in FIGS. 18A and 18B are due to the rifle-to-target line deviating from the horizon (by approximately φ) that is generally perpendicular to the gravitational field. As is understood in the art, one common method of accounting for the angle φ to the target, thereby reducing the high POI, is to treat the range to target not as R, but as approximately Rcosφ. The angle φ may be obtained in any number of ways, including but not limited to, some form of an inclinometer whose output is integrated into the scope system, an independent device whose reading is obtained by the shooter, or simply a shooter's visual approximation. The angle determined in the foregoing manner may be used by the scope system to adjust the POA.
FIG. 19 illustrates one such possible process 540 for adjusting the POA based on the angular position of the target with respect to the horizon and the rifle. The process 540 begins at a start state 542, and in state 544 that follows, the process 540 acquires the target in a manner similar to that described above. In state 546 that follows, the process 540 obtains information about the angular position of the target with respect to the horizon and the rifle. In state 550 that follows, the process 540 determines a POA adjustment based on the range and the angular position of the target. In state 552 that follows, the process 540 induces the POA adjustment. The process 540 ends in a stop state 556.
One exemplary shooting situation and resulting POA adjustments are as follows: If a hill is at an angle of 20 degrees with respect to the horizon, and the target is 300 yards away from the shooter, φ=20 degrees and R=300 yards. To determine the POA adjustment, a range of Rcosφ=300 cos(20)=300×0.94=282 yards would be used instead of 300 yards.
Based on the foregoing description of the various embodiments of the scope adjustment system, it should be apparent that similar systems and methods can be adapted to be used in any optical sighting devices attached any projectile launching devices. The optical sight does not necessarily have to magnify the image of the target. As an example, some optical sights simply projects an illuminated dot as a POA, and the shooter simply places the POA at the target. Such non-magnified or low-power magnified devices are sometimes used, for example, in handguns and bows where the POA adjustment principles generally remain valid.
Although the above-disclosed embodiments of the present invention have shown, described, and pointed out the fundamental novel features of the invention as applied to the above-disclosed embodiments, it should be understood that various omissions, substitutions, and changes in the form of the detail of the devices, systems, and/or methods illustrated may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention. Consequently, the scope of the invention should not be limited to the foregoing description, but should be defined by the appended claims.
All publications and patent applications mentioned in this specification are indicative of the level of skill of those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. All publications and patent applications are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.

## Claims

1. An adjustment mechanism device for an optical sighting apparatus, comprising:
a bolt adapted to move along a first direction wherein the bolt defines an engagement surface; and
an actuator adapted to move along a second direction wherein the actuator has a first end and a second end opposite to the first end and wherein the first end defines an angled surface that forms an angle with respect to the first direction and wherein the angled surface engages the engagement surface of the bolt such that the engagement surface pushing on the angled surface causes the actuator to move along the second direction;
wherein the movement of the actuator along the second direction causes the second end to engage and move a portion of an optical device along the second direction.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the engagement surface of the bolt pushing against the angled surface of the actuator along the first direction causes the actuator to move away from the bolt along the second direction such that the motion of the bolt by ΔX is transferred to the motion of the actuator by ΔY by a relationship approximated by ΔY=ΔX tan θ where θ represents the angle.

3. The device of claim 2, wherein the portion of the optical device is biased such that when the bolt's engagement surface retracts from the angled surface, the actuator moves towards the bolt thereby allowing a reversible motion of the actuator.

4. The device of claim 3, wherein the angle is between 0 and 45 degrees.

5. The device of claim 4, wherein the bolt comprises a threaded bolt whose threads mate with threads formed on a housing about the bolt such that rotation of the threaded bolt causes it to move along the first direction.

6. The device of claim 5, further comprising:
a dial indicator coupled to the threaded bolt such that the dial indicator rotates in response to the rotation of the threaded bolt, the dial indicator comprising indicator marks that indicate the movement of the portion of the optical sighting apparatus in response to the movement of the threaded bolt.