Document Headings

                    Document headings vary by document type but may contain                    the following:                  
                -                       the agency or agencies that issued and signed a document                    
                -                       the number of the CFR title and the number of each part                      the document amends, proposes to amend, or is directly                      related to                    
                -                       the agency docket number / agency internal file number                    
                -                       the RIN which identifies each regulatory action listed in                      the Unified Agenda of Federal Regulatory and Deregulatory                      Actions                    

                    See the                                          Document Drafting Handbook                                        for more details.                  

###### Department of Veterans Affairs

          - 38 CFR Parts 41 and 49 
          - RIN 2900-AJ62 

# AGENCY:

Department of Veterans Affairs. 

# ACTION:

Final rule. 

# SUMMARY:

This document amends VA's regulations to codify the provisions of revised OMB Circular A-133. That circular provides standards for consistency and uniformity among Federal agencies for the audits of States, local governments, and non-profit organizations expending Federal awards. Further, this document codifies the provisions of former OMB Circular A-110. That rule provides for uniform administrative requirements for grants and agreements with institutions of higher education, hospitals, and other non-profit organizations. Codification of these provisions allows VA to execute these standards and requirements through the establishment of binding rules. 

# DATES:

*Effective Date:*                             October 3, 2005.                         

# FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

John Corso, Management Systems Improvement Service, (008B3), Office of Policy, Planning, and Preparedness, Department of Veterans Affairs, 810 Vermont Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20420, (202) 273-5927. (This is not a toll-free number.) 

# SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

                        In a document published in the                         **Federal Register**                         on August 25, 2004, (69 FR 52333), we proposed to revise part 41 of VA's regulations to codify the provisions of revised OMB Circular A-133, “Audits of States, Local Governments, and Non-Profit Organizations.” Further, we proposed to add part 49 to implement provisions of former OMB Circular A-110.                     

We asked interested parties to submit comments on or before October 25, 2004. We received no comments. 

                        In reviewing our proposed rule, we discovered several technical oversights, which we are correcting in this final rule as explained below. In § 41.230(b)(2), we are substituting “§ 41.200(d)” for “§ 50.200(d)” as there is no section 50.200(d). In § 41.320(b)(2)(vi)-(viii), we are deleting “of OMB Circular A-133” to clarify that we are referring to sections in part 41 of the title 38 regulations rather than the circular. In§ 49.16 for clarity, we are inserting “codified at” after “Public Law 94-580.” In § 49.52, we are moving the third sentence of paragraph (a)(2)(iv), as proposed, into a separate paragraph (a)(2)(v) so that it mirrors the corresponding paragraph in 2 CFR part 215.                         *See*2 CFR 215.52(a)(2)(v). We are revising the first line of § 49.61(a) to read “[a]wards may be terminated in whole or in part only if paragraphs (a)(1), (a)(2) or (a)(3) of this section apply,” so that it would be consistent with the corresponding provision in 2 CFR part 215.                         *See*2 CFR 215.61(a). The proposed rule incorrectly suggested that awards could be terminated only if all the conditions in paragraphs (a)(1)-(3) applied. We are revising the caption of Appendix A to Part 49, which had incorrectly referred to “Part 59” in the proposed rule.                     

We are revising the authority citations applicable to all of parts 41 and 49 to more accurately reflect VA's authority to issue these rules. The authority for part 49 will read as follows: 

Authority:5 U.S.C. 301; 38 U.S.C. 501, OMB Circular A-110 (2 CFR part 215), and as noted in specific sections. 

The authority for part 41 will read as follows: 

Authority:5 U.S.C. 301; 31 U.S.C. 7501*et seq.*; 38 U.S.C. 501, OMB Circular A-133, and as noted in specific sections.                           

As stated in the notice of proposed rulemaking, the provisions in part 49 are intended to reproduce in title 38 the provisions of OMB Circular A-110, which OMB has codified in 2 CFR part 215. After publishing the proposed rules, we learned that OMB's regulations in 2 CFR 215.36 inadvertently omitted certain provisions in the corresponding portions of OMB circular A-110 and that OMB is preparing an amendment to its regulations to correct that oversight. OMB has advised that our regulations should follow the provisions in OMB Circular A-110, which is binding on VA and all Federal agencies. Accordingly, this final rule incorporates the provisions of OMB Circular A-110 that were inadvertently omitted from 2 CFR 215.36. To accomplish this, we are making minor revisions to § 49.36(c), as proposed; adding a new § 49.36(d); and moving proposed § 49.36(d) to § 49.36(e). This new material merely reiterates the existing requirements of OMB Circular A-110, which is currently binding on VA. Accordingly, the provisions added to this final rule will effect no change in existing law or procedure and an additional period of public comment is unnecessary with respect to these changes. 

## Unfunded Mandates 

The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act requires, at 2 U.S.C. 1532, that agencies prepare an assessment of anticipated costs and benefits before developing any rule that may result in expenditure by State, local, or tribal governments, in the aggregate, or by the private sector, of $100 million or more (adjusted annually for inflation) in any given year. This rule will have no such effect on State, local or tribal governments, or the private sector. 

## Paperwork Reduction Act 

                        OMB approved the information collection associated with OMB Circular A-133 (§§ 41.235, 41.320, and 41.505 of this proposed rule) under control number 0348-0057. OMB approved the information collection associated with OMB Circular A-110 (codified at 2 CFR part 215) and contained in SF-269, SF-269A, SF-270, SF-272, and SF-272A (§ 49.52 of this final rule) under control numbers 0348-0004, 0348-0003, 0348-0038, 0348-0039. Discussion of the information collection request was published in the                         **Federal Register**                         both as a first notice for public notice and comment on November 5, 1996 (61 FR 57232) and as a second notice advising of submission to OMB for approval on June 30, 1997 (62 FR 35302).                    

VA is not authorized to impose a penalty on persons for failure to comply with information collection requirements which do not display a current OMB control number, if required. 

## Regulatory Flexibility Act 

The Secretary hereby certifies that this final rule would not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities as they are defined in the Regulatory Flexibility Act, 5 U.S.C. 601 through 612. This rule facilitates implementation of the already existing requirements of OMB Circular A-110 and OMB Circular A-133 and does not create or change any responsibilities. Therefore, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 605(b), the final rule is exempt from the initial and final regulatory flexibility analysis requirements of sections 603 and 604. 

## Executive Order 12866

This document has been reviewed by the Office of Management and Budget under Executive Order 12866. 

## Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Numbers 

The Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance program numbers for this document are 64.005, 64.015, 64.024, 64.203. 

      ( print page 52249)    

# List of Subjects in 38 CFR Parts 41 and 49

      - Accounting
      - Grant programs
      - Indians
      - Intergovernmental relations
      - Loan programs

R. James Nicholson, 

Secretary of Veterans Affairs. 

For the reasons set forth in the preamble, 38 CFR Chapter 1 is amended as set forth below: 

1. Part 41 is revised to read as follows: 

# PART 41—AUDITS OF STATES, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, AND NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS 

        Subpart A—General 41.100 
Purpose. 
41.105 
Definitions. 

        Subpart B—Audits41.200 
Audit requirements. 
41.205 
Basis for determining Federal awards expended. 
41.210 
Subrecipient and vendor determinations. 
41.215 
Relation to other audit requirements. 
41.220 
Frequency of audits. 
41.225 
Sanctions. 
41.230 
Audit costs. 
41.235 
Program-specific audits. 

        Subpart C—Auditees41.300 
Auditee responsibilities. 
41.305 
Auditor selection. 
41.310 
Financial statements. 
41.315 
Audit findings follow-up. 
41.320 
Report submission. 

        Subpart D—Federal Agencies and Pass-Through Entities 41.400 
Responsibilities. 
41.405 
Management decision. 

        Subpart E—Auditors41.500 
Scope of audit. 
41.505 
Audit reporting. 
41.510 
Audit findings. 
41.515 
Audit working papers. 
41.520 
Major program determination. 
41.525 
Criteria for Federal program risk. 
41.530 
Criteria for a low-risk auditee. 

        Appendix A To Part 41—Data Collection Form (Form SF-SAC) 
        Appendix B To Part 41—OMB Circular A-133 Compliance Supplement 

Authority:5 U.S.C. 301; 31 U.S.C. 7501*et seq.*; 38 U.S.C. 501, OMB Circular A-133, and as noted in specific sections.                                 

# Subpart A—General 

§ 41.100 

This part sets forth standards for obtaining consistency and uniformity among Federal agencies for the audit of non-Federal entities expending Federal awards. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 41.105 

*Audit finding*                                         means deficiencies which the auditor is required by § 41.510(a) to report in the schedule of findings and questioned costs.                                     

*Auditee*                                         means any non-Federal entity that expends Federal awards which must be audited under this part.                                     

*Auditor*                                         means an auditor, that is a public accountant or a Federal, State or local government audit organization, which meets the general standards specified in generally accepted government auditing standards (GAGAS). The term auditor does not include internal auditors of non-profit organizations.                                     

*CFDA number*                                         means the number assigned to a Federal program in the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance (CFDA).                                     

*Cluster of programs*                                         means a grouping of closely related programs that share common compliance requirements. The types of clusters of programs are research and development (R&D), student financial aid (SFA), and other clusters. “Other clusters” are as defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in the compliance supplement or as designated by a State for Federal awards the State provides to its subrecipients that meet the definition of a cluster of programs. When designating an “other cluster,” a State shall identify the Federal awards included in the cluster and advise the subrecipients of compliance requirements applicable to the cluster, consistent with § 41.400(d)(1) and § 41.400(d)(2), respectively. A cluster of programs shall be considered as one program for determining major programs, as described in § 41.520, and, with the exception of R&D as described in § 41.200(c), whether a program-specific audit may be elected.                                     

*Cognizant agency for audit*                                         means the Federal agency designated to carry out the responsibilities described in § 41.400(a).                                     

*Compliance supplement*                                         refers to the Circular A-133 Compliance Supplement, included as Appendix B to Circular A-133, or such documents as OMB or its designee may issue to replace it. This document is available from the Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Washington, DC 20402-9325.                                     

*Corrective action*                                         means action taken by the auditee that:                                     

(1) Corrects identified deficiencies; 

(2) Produces recommended improvements; or 

(3) Demonstrates that audit findings are either invalid or do not warrant auditee action. 

*Federal agency*                                         has the same meaning as the term agency in section 551(1) of title 5, United States Code.                                     

*Federal award*                                         means Federal financial assistance and Federal cost-reimbursement contracts that non-Federal entities receive directly from Federal awarding agencies or indirectly from pass-through entities. It does not include procurement contracts, under grants or contracts, used to buy goods or services from vendors. Any audits of such vendors shall be covered by the terms and conditions of the contract. Contracts to operate Federal Government owned, contractor operated facilities (GOCOs) are excluded from the requirements of this part.                                     

*Federal awarding agency*                                         means the Federal agency that provides an award directly to the recipient.                                     

*Federal financial assistance*                                         means assistance that non-Federal entities receive or administer in the form of grants, loans, loan guarantees, property (including donated surplus property), cooperative agreements, interest subsidies, insurance, food commodities, direct appropriations, and other assistance, but does not include amounts received as reimbursement for services rendered to individuals as described in § 41.205(h) and § 41.205(i).                                     

*Federal program*                                         means:                                     

(1) All Federal awards to a non-Federal entity assigned a single number in the CFDA. 

(2) When no CFDA number is assigned, all Federal awards from the same agency made for the same purpose should be combined and considered one program. 

(3) Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2) of this definition, a cluster of programs. The types of clusters of programs are: 

(i) Research and development (R&D); 

(ii) Student financial aid (SFA); and 

(iii) “Other clusters,” as described in the definition of cluster of programs in this section. 

*GAGAS*                                         means generally accepted government auditing standards issued by the Comptroller General of the United States, which are applicable to financial audits.                                     

*Generally accepted accounting principles*                                         has the meaning specified in generally accepted auditing standards issued by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA).                                     

*Indian tribe*                                         means any Indian tribe, band, nation, or other organized group or community, including any Alaskan Native village or regional or village corporation (as defined in, or established under, the Alaskan Native Claims Settlement Act) that is recognized by the United States as                                               ( print page 52250)                                            eligible for the special programs and services provided by the United States to Indians because of their status as Indians.                                     

*Internal control*                                         means a process, effected by an entity's management and other personnel, designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of objectives in the following categories:                                     

(1) Effectiveness and efficiency of operations; 

(2) Reliability of financial reporting; and 

(3) Compliance with applicable laws and regulations. 

*Internal control pertaining to the compliance requirements for Federal programs (Internal control over Federal programs)*                                         means a process—effected by an entity's management and other personnel—designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of the following objectives for Federal programs:                                     

(1) Transactions are properly recorded and accounted for to: 

(i) Permit the preparation of reliable financial statements and Federal reports; 

(ii) Maintain accountability over assets; and 

(iii) Demonstrate compliance with laws, regulations, and other compliance requirements; 

(2) Transactions are executed in compliance with: 

(i) Laws, regulations, and the provisions of contracts or grant agreements that could have a direct and material effect on a Federal program; and 

(ii) Any other laws and regulations that are identified in the compliance supplement; and 

(3) Funds, property, and other assets are safeguarded against loss from unauthorized use or disposition. 

*Loan*                                         means a Federal loan or loan guarantee received or administered by a non-Federal entity.                                     

*Local government*                                         means any unit of local government within a State, including a county, borough, municipality, city, town, township, parish, local public authority, special district, school district, intrastate district, council of governments, and any other instrumentality of local government.                                     

*Major program*                                         means a Federal program determined by the auditor to be a major program in accordance with § 41.520 or a program identified as a major program by a Federal agency or pass-through entity in accordance with § 41.215(c).                                     

*Management decision*                                         means the evaluation by the Federal awarding agency or pass-through entity of the audit findings and corrective action plan and the issuance of a written decision as to what corrective action is necessary.                                     

*Non-Federal entity*                                         means a State, local government, or non-profit organization.                                     

*Non-profit organization*                                         means:                                     

(1) Any corporation, trust, association, cooperative, or other organization that: 

(i) Is operated primarily for scientific, educational, service, charitable, or similar purposes in the public interest; 

(ii) Is not organized primarily for profit; and 

(iii) Uses its net proceeds to maintain, improve, or expand its operations; and 

(2) The term non-profit organization includes non-profit institutions of higher education and hospitals. 

*OMB*                                         means the Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget.                                     

*Oversight agency for audit*                                         means the Federal awarding agency that provides the predominant amount of direct funding to a recipient not assigned a cognizant agency for audit. When there is no direct funding, the Federal agency with the predominant indirect funding shall assume the oversight responsibilities. The duties of the oversight agency for audit are described in § 41.400(b). A Federal agency with oversight for an auditee may reassign oversight to another Federal agency, which provides substantial funding and agrees to be the oversight agency for audit. Within 30 days after any reassignment, both the old and the new oversight agency for audit shall notify the auditee, and, if known, the auditor of the reassignment.                                     

*Pass-through entity*                                         means a non-Federal entity that provides a Federal award to a subrecipient to carry out a Federal program.                                     

*Program-specific audit*                                         means an audit of one Federal program as provided for in § 41.200(c) and § 41.235.                                     

*Questioned cost*                                         means a cost that is questioned by the auditor because of an audit finding:                                     

(1) Which resulted from a violation or possible violation of a provision of a law, regulation, contract, grant, cooperative agreement, or other agreement or document governing the use of Federal funds, including funds used to match Federal funds; 

(2) Where the costs, at the time of the audit, are not supported by adequate documentation; or 

(3) Where the costs incurred appear unreasonable and do not reflect the actions a prudent person would take in the circumstances. 

*Recipient*                                         means a non-Federal entity that expends Federal awards received directly from a Federal awarding agency to carry out a Federal program.                                     

*Research and development*                                         (R&D) means all research activities, both basic and applied, and all development activities that are performed by a non-Federal entity.                                         *Research*                                         is defined as a systematic study directed toward fuller scientific knowledge or understanding of the subject studied. The term research also includes activities involving the training of individuals in research techniques where such activities utilize the same facilities as other research and development activities and where such activities are not included in the instruction function.                                         *Development*                                         is the systematic use of knowledge and understanding gained from research directed toward the production of useful materials, devices, systems, or methods, including design and development of prototypes and processes.                                     

*Single audit*                                         means an audit, which includes both the entity's financial statements, and the Federal awards as described in § 41.500.                                     

*State*                                         means any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, any instrumentality thereof, any multi-State, regional, or interstate entity, which has governmental functions, and any Indian tribe as defined in this section.                                     

*Student Financial Aid*                                         (SFA) includes those programs of general student assistance, such as those authorized by Title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended, (20 U.S.C. 1070*et seq.*) which is administered by the U.S. Department of Education, and similar programs provided by other Federal agencies. It does not include programs which provide fellowships or similar Federal awards to students on a competitive basis, or for specified studies or research.                                     

*Subrecipient*                                         means a non-Federal entity that expends Federal awards received from a pass-through entity to carry out a Federal program, but does not include an individual that is a beneficiary of such a program. A subrecipient may also be a recipient of other Federal awards directly from a Federal awarding agency. Guidance on distinguishing between a subrecipient and a vendor is provided in § 41.210.                                     

*Types of compliance requirements*                                         refers to the types of compliance requirements listed in the compliance supplement. Examples include: Activities allowed or unallowed; allowable costs/cost principles; cash                                               ( print page 52251)                                            management; eligibility; matching, level of effort, earmarking; and, reporting.                                     

*Vendor*                                         means a dealer, distributor, merchant, or other seller providing goods or services that are required for the conduct of a Federal program. These goods or services may be for an organization's own use or for the use of beneficiaries of the Federal program. Additional guidance on distinguishing between a subrecipient and a vendor is provided in § 41.210.                                     
Pub. L. 104-156

# Subpart B—Audits 

§ 41.200 

                                        (a)                                         *Audit required.*                                         Non-Federal entities that expend $500,000 or more in a year in Federal awards shall have a single or program-specific audit conducted for that year in accordance with the provisions of this part. Guidance on determining Federal awards expended is provided in § 41.205.                                     

                                        (b)                                         *Single audit.*                                         Non-Federal entities that expend $500,000 or more in a year in Federal awards shall have a single audit conducted in accordance with § 41.500 except when they elect to have a program-specific audit conducted in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section.                                     

                                        (c)                                         *Program-specific audit election.*                                         When an auditee expends Federal awards under only one Federal program (excluding R&D) and the Federal program's laws, regulations, or grant agreements do not require a financial statement audit of the auditee, the auditee may elect to have a program-specific audit conducted in accordance with § 41.235. A program-specific audit may not be elected for R&D unless all of the Federal awards expended were received from the same Federal agency, or the same Federal agency and the same pass-through entity, and that Federal agency, or pass-through entity in the case of a subrecipient, approves in advance a program-specific audit.                                     

                                        (d)                                         *Exemption when Federal awards expended are less than $500,000.*                                         Non-Federal entities that expend less than $500,000 a year in Federal awards are exempt from Federal audit requirements for that year, except as noted in § 41.215(a), but records must be available for review or audit by appropriate officials of the Federal agency, pass-through entity, and General Accounting Office (GAO).                                     

                                        (e)                                         *Federally Funded Research and Development Centers (FFRDC).*                                         Management of an auditee that owns or operates a FFRDC may elect to treat the FFRDC as a separate entity for purposes of this part.                                     
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 41.205 

                                        (a)                                         *Determining Federal awards expended.*                                         The determination of when an award is expended should be based on when the activity related to the award occurs. Generally, the activity pertains to events that require the non-Federal entity to comply with laws, regulations, and the provisions of contracts or grant agreements, such as: expenditure/expense transactions associated with grants, cost-reimbursement contracts, cooperative agreements, and direct appropriations; the disbursement of funds passed through to subrecipients; the use of loan proceeds under loan and loan guarantee programs; the receipt of property; the receipt of surplus property; the receipt or use of program income; the distribution or consumption of food commodities; the disbursement of amounts entitling the non-Federal entity to an interest subsidy; and, the period when insurance is in force.                                     

                                        (b)                                         *Loan and loan guarantees (loans).*                                         Since the Federal Government is at risk for loans until the debt is repaid, the following guidelines shall be used to calculate the value of Federal awards expended under loan programs, except as noted in paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section:                                     

(1) Value of new loans made or received during the fiscal year; plus 

(2) Balance of loans from previous years for which the Federal Government imposes continuing compliance requirements; plus 

(3) Any interest subsidy, cash, or administrative cost allowance received. 

                                        (c)                                         *Loan and loan guarantees (loans) at institutions of higher education.*                                         When loans are made to students of an institution of higher education but the institution does not make the loans, then only the value of loans made during the year shall be considered Federal awards expended in that year. The balance of loans for previous years is not included as Federal awards expended because the lender accounts for the prior balances.                                     

                                        (d)                                         *Prior loan and loan guarantees (loans).*                                         Loans, the proceeds of which were received and expended in prior-years, are not considered Federal awards expended under this part when the laws, regulations, and the provisions of contracts or grant agreements pertaining to such loans impose no continuing compliance requirements other than to repay the loans.                                     

                                        (e)                                         *Endowment funds.*                                         The cumulative balance of Federal awards for endowment funds, which are federally restricted, are considered awards expended in each year in which the funds are still restricted.                                     

                                        (f)                                         *Free rent.*                                         Free rent received by itself is not considered a Federal award expended under this part. However, free rent received as part of an award to carry out a Federal program shall be included in determining Federal awards expended and subject to audit under this part.                                     

                                        (g)                                         *Valuing non-cash assistance.*                                         Federal non-cash assistance, such as free rent, food stamps, food commodities, donated property, or donated surplus property, shall be valued at fair market value at the time of receipt or the assessed value provided by the Federal agency.                                     

                                        (h)                                         *Medicare.*                                         Medicare payments to a non-Federal entity for providing patient care services to Medicare eligible individuals are not considered Federal awards expended under this part.                                     

                                        (i)                                         *Medicaid.*                                         Medicaid payments to a subrecipient for providing patient care services to Medicaid eligible individuals are not considered Federal awards expended under this part unless a State requires the funds to be treated as Federal awards expended because reimbursement is on a cost-reimbursement basis.                                     

                                        (j)                                         *Certain loans provided by the National Credit Union Administration.*                                         For purposes of this part, loans made from the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund and the Central Liquidity Facility that are funded by contributions from insured institutions are not considered Federal awards expended.                                     
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 41.210 

                                        (a)                                         *General.*                                         An auditee may be a recipient, a subrecipient, and a vendor. Federal awards expended as a recipient or a subrecipient would be subject to audit under this part. The payments received for goods or services provided as a vendor would not be considered Federal awards. The guidance in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section should be considered in determining whether payments constitute a Federal award or a payment for goods and services.                                     

                                        (b)                                         *Federal award.*                                         Characteristics indicative of a Federal award received by a subrecipient are when the organization:                                     

(1) Determines who is eligible to receive what Federal financial assistance; 

                                        (2) Has its performance measured against whether the objectives of the Federal program are met;                                               ( print page 52252)    

(3) Has responsibility for programmatic decision making; 

(4) Has responsibility for adherence to applicable Federal program compliance requirements; and 

(5) Uses the Federal funds to carry out a program of the organization as compared to providing goods or services for a program of the pass-through entity. 

                                        (c)                                         *Payment for goods and services.*                                         Characteristics indicative of a payment for goods and services received by a vendor are when the organization:                                     

(1) Provides the goods and services within normal business operations; 

(2) Provides similar goods or services to many different purchasers; 

(3) Operates in a competitive environment; 

(4) Provides goods or services that are ancillary to the operation of the Federal program; and 

(5) Is not subject to compliance requirements of the Federal program. 

                                        (d)                                         *Use of judgment in making determination.*                                         There may be unusual circumstances or exceptions to the listed characteristics. In making the determination of whether a subrecipient or vendor relationship exists, the substance of the relationship is more important than the form of the agreement. It is not expected that all of the characteristics will be present and judgment should be used in determining whether an entity is a subrecipient or vendor.                                     

                                        (e)                                         *For-profit subrecipient.*                                         Since this part does not apply to for-profit subrecipients, the pass-through entity is responsible for establishing requirements, as necessary, to ensure compliance by for-profit subrecipients. The contract with the for-profit subrecipient should describe applicable compliance requirements and the for-profit subrecipient's compliance responsibility. Methods to ensure compliance for Federal awards made to for-profit subrecipients may include pre-award audits, monitoring during the contract, and post-award audits.                                     

                                        (f)                                         *Compliance responsibility for vendors.*                                         In most cases, the auditee's compliance responsibility for vendors is only to ensure that the procurement, receipt, and payment for goods and services comply with laws, regulations, and the provisions of contracts or grant agreements. Program compliance requirements normally do not pass through to vendors. However, the auditee is responsible for ensuring compliance for vendor transactions, which are structured such that the vendor is responsible for program compliance or the vendor's records must be reviewed to determine program compliance. Also, when these vendor transactions relate to a major program, the scope of the audit shall include determining whether these transactions are in compliance with laws, regulations, and the provisions of contracts or grant agreements.                                     
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 41.215 

                                        (a)                                         *Audit under this part in lieu of other audits.*                                         An audit made in accordance with this part shall be in lieu of any financial audit required under individual Federal awards. To the extent this audit meets a Federal agency's needs, it shall rely upon and use such audits. The provisions of this part neither limit the authority of Federal agencies, including their Inspectors General, or GAO to conduct or arrange for additional audits (                                        *e.g.,*                                         financial audits, performance audits, evaluations, inspections, or reviews) nor authorize any auditee to constrain Federal agencies from carrying out additional audits. Any additional audits shall be planned and performed in such a way as to build upon work performed by other auditors.                                     

                                        (b)                                         *Federal agency to pay for additional audits.*                                         A Federal agency that conducts or contracts for additional audits shall, consistent with other applicable laws and regulations, arrange for funding the full cost of such additional audits.                                     

                                        (c)                                         *Request for a program to be audited as a major program.*                                         A Federal agency may request an auditee to have a particular Federal program audited as a major program in lieu of the Federal agency conducting or arranging for the additional audits. To allow for planning, such requests should be made at least 180 days prior to the end of the fiscal year to be audited. The auditee, after consultation with its auditor, should promptly respond to such request by informing the Federal agency whether the program would otherwise be audited as a major program using the risk-based audit approach described in § 41.520 and, if not, the estimated incremental cost. The Federal agency shall then promptly confirm to the auditee whether it wants the program audited as a major program. If the program is to be audited as a major program based upon this Federal agency request, and the Federal agency agrees to pay the full incremental costs, then the auditee shall have the program audited as a major program. A pass-through entity may use the provisions of this paragraph for a subrecipient.                                     
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 41.220 

Except for the provisions for biennial audits provided in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, audits required by this part shall be performed annually. Any biennial audit shall cover both years within the biennial period. 

(a) A State or local government that is required by constitution or statute, in effect on January 1, 1987, to undergo its audits less frequently than annually, is permitted to undergo its audits pursuant to this part biennially. This requirement must still be in effect for the biennial period under audit. 

(b) Any non-profit organization that had biennial audits for all biennial periods ending between July 1, 1992, and January 1, 1995, is permitted to undergo its audits pursuant to this part biennially. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 41.225 

No audit costs may be charged to Federal awards when audits required by this part have not been made or have been made but not in accordance with this part. In cases of continued inability or unwillingness to have an audit conducted in accordance with this part, Federal agencies and pass-through entities shall take appropriate action using sanctions such as: 

(a) Withholding a percentage of Federal awards until the audit is completed satisfactorily; 

(b) Withholding or disallowing overhead costs; 

(c) Suspending Federal awards until the audit is conducted; or 

(d) Terminating the Federal award. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 41.230 

                                        (a)                                         *Allowable costs.*                                         Unless prohibited by law, the cost of audits made in accordance with the provisions of this part is allowable charges to Federal awards. The charges may be considered a direct cost or an allocated indirect cost, as determined in accordance with the provisions of applicable OMB cost principles circulars, the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) (48 CFR parts 30 and 31), or other applicable cost principles or regulations.                                     

                                        (b)                                         *Unallowable costs.*                                         A non-Federal entity shall not charge the following to a Federal award:                                     

                                        (1) The cost of any audit under the Single Audit Act Amendments of 1996 (31 U.S.C. 7501*et seq.*) not conducted in accordance with this part.                                     

                                        (2) The cost of auditing a non-Federal entity, which has Federal awards, expended of less than $500,000 per year and is thereby exempted under                                               ( print page 52253)                                            § 41.200(d) of this chapter from having an audit conducted under this part. However, this does not prohibit a pass-through entity from charging Federal awards for the cost of limited scope audits to monitor its subrecipients in accordance with § 41.400(d)(3), provided the subrecipient does not have a single audit. For purposes of this part, limited scope audits only include agreed-upon procedures engagements conducted in accordance with either the AICPA's generally accepted auditing standards or attestation standards, that are paid for and arranged by a pass-through entity and address only one or more of the following types of compliance requirements: activities allowed or unallowed; allowable costs/cost principles; eligibility; matching, level of effort, earmarking; and, reporting.                                     
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 41.235 

                                        (a)                                         *Program-specific audit guide available.*                                         In many cases, a program-specific audit guide will be available to provide specific guidance to the auditor with respect to internal control, compliance requirements, suggested audit procedures, and audit reporting requirements. The auditor should contact the Office of Inspector General of the Federal agency to determine whether such a guide is available. When a current program-specific audit guide is available, the auditor shall follow GAGAS and the guide when performing a program-specific audit.                                     

                                        (b)                                         *Program-specific audit guide not available.*                                         (1) When a program-specific audit guide is not available, the auditee and auditor shall have basically the same responsibilities for the Federal program as they would have for an audit of a major program in a single audit.                                     

(2) The auditee shall prepare the financial statement(s) for the Federal program that includes, at a minimum, a schedule of expenditures of Federal awards for the program and notes that describe the significant accounting policies used in preparing the schedule, a summary schedule of prior audit findings consistent with the requirements of § 41.315(b), and a corrective action plan consistent with the requirements of § 41.315(c). 

(3) The auditor shall: 

(i) Perform an audit of the financial statement(s) for the Federal program in accordance with GAGAS; 

(ii) Obtain an understanding of internal control and perform tests of internal control over the Federal program consistent with the requirements § 41.500(c) for a major program; 

(iii) Perform procedures to determine whether the auditee has complied with laws, regulations, and the provisions of contracts or grant agreements that could have a direct and material effect on the Federal program consistent with the requirements of § 41.500(d) for a major program; and 

(iv) Follow up on prior audit findings, perform procedures to assess the reasonableness of the summary schedule of prior audit findings prepared by the auditee, and report, as a current year audit finding, when the auditor concludes that the summary schedule of prior audit findings materially misrepresents the status of any prior audit finding in accordance with the requirements of § 41.500(e). 

(4) The auditor's report(s) may be in the form of either combined or separate reports and may be organized differently from the manner presented in this section. The auditor's report(s) shall state that the audit was conducted in accordance with this part and include the following: 

(i) An opinion (or disclaimer of opinion) as to whether the financial statement(s) of the Federal program is presented fairly in all material respects in conformity with the stated accounting policies; 

(ii) A report on internal control related to the Federal program, which shall describe the scope of testing of internal control and the results of the tests; 

(iii) A report on compliance which includes an opinion (or disclaimer of opinion) as to whether the auditee complied with laws, regulations, and the provisions of contracts or grant agreements which could have a direct and material effect on the Federal program; and 

(iv) A schedule of findings and questioned costs for the Federal program that includes a summary of the auditor's results relative to the Federal program in a format consistent with § 41.505(d)(1) and findings and questioned costs consistent with the requirements of § 41.505(d)(3). 

                                        (c)                                         *Report submission for program-specific audits.*                                         (1) The audit shall be completed and the reporting required by paragraph (c)(2) or (c)(3) of this section submitted within the earlier of 30 days after receipt of the auditor's report(s), or nine months after the end of the audit period, unless a longer period is agreed to in advance by the Federal agency that provided the funding or a different period is specified in a program-specific audit guide. (However, for fiscal years beginning on or before June 30, 1998, the audit shall be completed and the required reporting shall be submitted within the earlier of 30 days after receipt of the auditor's report(s), or 13 months after the end of the audit period, unless a different period is specified in a program-specific audit guide.) Unless restricted by law or regulation, the auditee shall make report copies available for public inspection.                                     

(2) When a program-specific audit guide is available, the auditee shall submit to the Federal clearinghouse designated by OMB the data collection form prepared in accordance with § 41.320(b), as applicable to a program-specific audit, and the reporting required by the program-specific audit guide to be retained as an archival copy. Also, the auditee shall submit to the Federal awarding agency or pass-through entity the reporting required by the program-specific audit guide. 

(3) When a program-specific audit guide is not available, the reporting package for a program-specific audit shall consist of the financial statement(s) of the Federal program, a summary schedule of prior audit findings, and a corrective action plan as described in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, and the auditor's report(s) described in paragraph (b)(4) of this section. The data collection form prepared in accordance with § 41.320(b), as applicable to a program-specific audit, and one copy of this reporting package shall be submitted to the Federal clearinghouse designated by OMB to be retained as an archival copy. Also, when the schedule of findings and questioned costs disclosed audit findings or the summary schedule of prior audit findings reported the status of any audit findings, the auditee shall submit one copy of the reporting package to the Federal clearinghouse on behalf of the Federal awarding agency, or directly to the pass-through entity in the case of a subrecipient. Instead of submitting the reporting package to the pass-through entity, when a subrecipient is not required to submit a reporting package to the pass-through entity, the subrecipient shall provide written notification to the pass-through entity, consistent with the requirements of § 41.320(e)(2). A subrecipient may submit a copy of the reporting package to the pass-through entity to comply with this notification requirement. 

                                        (d) Other sections of this part may apply. Program-specific audits are subject to § 41.100 through § 41.215(b), § 41.220 through § 41.230, § 41.300 through § 41.305, § 41.315, § 41.320(f) through § 41.320(j), § 41.400 through § 41.405, § 41.510 through § 41.515, and other referenced provisions of this part unless contrary to the provisions of this                                               ( print page 52254)                                            section, a program-specific audit guide, or program laws and regulations.                                     
Pub. L. 104-156

# Subpart C—Auditees 

§ 41.300 

The auditee shall: 

(a) Identify, in its accounts, all Federal awards received and expended and the Federal programs under which they were received. Federal program and award identification shall include, as applicable, the CFDA title and number, award number and year, name of the Federal agency, and name of the pass-through entity. 

(b) Maintain internal control over Federal programs that provides reasonable assurance that the auditee is managing Federal awards in compliance with laws, regulations, and the provisions of contracts or grant agreements that could have a material effect on each of its Federal programs. 

(c) Comply with laws, regulations, and the provisions of contracts or grant agreements related to each of its Federal programs. 

(d) Prepare appropriate financial statements, including the schedule of expenditures of Federal awards in accordance with § 41.310. 

(e) Ensure that the audits required by this part are properly performed and submitted when due. When extensions to the report submission due date required by § 41.320(a) are granted by the cognizant or oversight agency for audit, promptly notify the Federal clearinghouse designated by OMB and each pass-through entity providing Federal awards of the extension. 

(f) Follow up and take corrective action on audit findings, including preparation of a summary schedule of prior audit findings and a corrective action plan in accordance with § 41.315(b) and § 41.315(c), respectively. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 41.305 

                                        (a)                                         *Auditor procurement.*                                         In procuring audit services, auditees shall follow the procurement standards prescribed by part 43 of this chapter, OMB Circular A-110 (codified at 2 CFR part 215), “Uniform Administrative Requirements for Grants and Agreements with Institutions of Higher Education, Hospitals and Other Non-Profit Organizations,” or the FAR (48 CFR part 42), as applicable (OMB Circulars are available from the Office of Administration, Publications Office, room 2200, New Executive Office Building, Washington, DC 20503). Whenever possible, auditees shall make positive efforts to utilize small businesses, minority-owned firms, and women's business enterprises, in procuring audit services as stated in part 43 of this chapter, OMB Circular A-110 (codified at 2 CFR part 215), or the FAR (48 CFR part 42), as applicable. In requesting proposals for audit services, the objectives and scope of the audit should be made clear. Factors to be considered in evaluating each proposal for audit services include the responsiveness to the request for proposal, relevant experience, availability of staff with professional qualifications and technical abilities, the results of external quality control reviews, and price.                                     

                                        (b)                                         *Restriction on auditor preparing indirect cost proposals.*                                         An auditor who prepares the indirect cost proposal or cost allocation plan may not also be selected to perform the audit required by this part when the indirect costs recovered by the auditee during the prior year exceeded $1 million. This restriction applies to the base year used in the preparation of the indirect cost proposal or cost allocation plan and any subsequent years in which the resulting indirect cost agreement or cost allocation plan is used to recover costs.                                    

                                        (c)                                         *Use of Federal auditors.*                                         Federal auditors may perform all or part of the work required under this part if they comply fully with the requirements of this part.                                     
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 41.310 

                                        (a)                                         *Financial statements.*                                         The auditee shall prepare financial statements that reflect its financial position, results of operations or changes in net assets, and, where appropriate, cash flows for the fiscal year audited. The financial statements shall be for the same organizational unit and fiscal year that is chosen to meet the requirements of this part. However, organization-wide financial statements may also include departments, agencies, and other organizational units that have separate audits in accordance with § 41.500(a) and prepare separate financial statements.                                     

                                        (b)                                         *Schedule of expenditures of Federal awards.*                                         The auditee shall also prepare a schedule of expenditures of Federal awards for the period covered by the auditee's financial statements. While not required, the auditee may choose to provide information requested by Federal awarding agencies and pass-through entities to make the schedule easier to use. For example, when a Federal program has multiple award years, the auditee may list the amount of Federal awards expended for each award year separately. At a minimum, the schedule shall:                                     

(1) List individual Federal programs by Federal agency. For Federal programs included in a cluster of programs, list individual Federal programs within a cluster of programs. For R&D, total Federal awards expended shall be shown either by individual award or by Federal agency and major subdivision within the Federal agency. For example, the National Institutes of Health is a major subdivision in the Department of Health and Human Services. 

(2) For Federal awards received as a subrecipient, the name of the pass-through entity and identifying number assigned by the pass-through entity shall be included. 

(3) Provide total Federal awards expended for each individual Federal program and the CFDA number or other identifying number when the CFDA information is not available. 

(4) Include notes that describe the significant accounting policies used in preparing the schedule. 

(5) To the extent practical, pass-through entities should identify in the schedule the total amount provided to subrecipients from each Federal program. 

(6) Include, in either the schedule or a note to the schedule, the value of the Federal awards expended in the form of non-cash assistance, the amount of insurance in effect during the year, and loans or loan guarantees outstanding at year-end. While not required, it is preferable to present this information in the schedule. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 41.315 

                                        (a)                                         *General.*                                         The auditee is responsible for follow-up and corrective action on all audit findings. As part of this responsibility, the auditee shall prepare a summary schedule of prior audit findings. The auditee shall also prepare a corrective action plan for current year audit findings. The summary schedule of prior audit findings and the corrective action plan shall include the reference numbers the auditor assigns to audit findings under § 41.510(c). Since the summary schedule may include audit findings from multiple years, it shall include the fiscal year in which the finding initially occurred.                                     

                                        (b)                                         *Summary schedule of prior audit findings.*                                         The summary schedule of prior audit findings shall report the status of all audit findings included in the prior audit's schedule of findings and questioned costs relative to Federal awards. The summary schedule shall also include audit findings reported in the prior audit's summary schedule of                                               ( print page 52255)                                            prior audit findings except audit findings listed as corrected in accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of this section, or no longer valid or not warranting further action in accordance with paragraph (b)(4) of this section.                                     

(1) When audit findings were fully corrected, the summary schedule need only list the audit findings and state that corrective action was taken. 

(2) When audit findings were not corrected or were only partially corrected, the summary schedule shall describe the planned corrective action as well as any partial corrective action taken. 

(3) When corrective action taken is significantly different from corrective action previously reported in a corrective action plan or in the Federal agency's or pass-through entity's management decision, the summary schedule shall provide an explanation. 

(4) When the auditee believes the audit findings are no longer valid or do not warrant further action, the reasons for this position shall be described in the summary schedule. A valid reason for considering an audit finding as not warranting further action is that all of the following have occurred: 

(i) Two years have passed since the audit report in which the finding occurred was submitted to the Federal clearinghouse; 

(ii) The Federal agency or pass-through entity is not currently following up with the auditee on the audit finding; and 

(iii) A management decision was not issued. 

                                        (c)                                         *Corrective action plan.*                                         At the completion of the audit, the auditee shall prepare a corrective action plan to address each audit finding included in the current year auditor's reports. The corrective action plan shall provide the name(s) of the contact person(s) responsible for corrective action, the corrective action planned, and the anticipated completion date. If the auditee does not agree with the audit findings or believes corrective action is not required, then the corrective action plan shall include an explanation and specific reasons.                                     
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 41.320 

                                        (a)                                         *General.*                                         The audit shall be completed and the data collection form described in paragraph (b) of this section and reporting package described in paragraph (c) of this section shall be submitted within the earlier of 30 days after receipt of the auditor's report(s), or nine months after the end of the audit period, unless a longer period is agreed to in advance by the cognizant or oversight agency for audit. Unless restricted by law or regulation, the auditee shall make copies available for public inspection.                                     

                                        (b)                                         *Data Collection.*                                         (1) The auditee shall submit a data collection form, which states whether the audit was completed in accordance with this part and provides information about the auditee, its Federal programs, and the results of the audit. The form shall be approved by OMB, available from the Federal clearinghouse designated by OMB, and include data elements similar to those presented in this paragraph. A senior level representative of the auditee (                                        *e.g.*, State controller, director of finance, chief executive officer, or chief financial officer) shall sign a statement to be included as part of the form certifying that: the auditee complied with the requirements of this part, the form was prepared in accordance with this part (and the instructions accompanying the form), and the information included in the form, in its entirety, are accurate and complete.                                     

(2) The data collection form shall include the following data elements: 

                                        (i) The type of report the auditor issued on the financial statements of the auditee (                                        *i.e.*, unqualified opinion, qualified opinion, adverse opinion, or disclaimer of opinion).                                     

(ii) Where applicable, a statement that reportable conditions in internal control were disclosed by the audit of the financial statements and whether any such conditions were material weaknesses. 

(iii) A statement as to whether the audit disclosed any noncompliance, which is material to the financial statements of the auditee. 

(iv) Where applicable, a statement that reportable conditions in internal control over major programs were disclosed by the audit and whether any such conditions were material weaknesses. 

                                        (v) The type of report the auditor issued on compliance for major programs (                                        *i.e.*, unqualified opinion, qualified opinion, adverse opinion, or disclaimer of opinion).                                     

(vi) A list of the Federal awarding agencies, which will receive a copy of the reporting package pursuant to § 41.320(d)(2). 

(vii) A yes or no statement as to whether the auditee qualified as a low-risk auditee under § 41.530. 

(viii) The dollar threshold used to distinguish between Type A and Type B programs as defined in § 41.520(b). 

(ix) The Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance (CFDA) number for each Federal program, as applicable. 

(x) The name of each Federal program and identification of each major program. Individual programs within a cluster of programs should be listed in the same level of detail as they are listed in the schedule of expenditures of Federal awards. 

(xi) The amount of expenditures in the schedule of expenditures of Federal awards associated with each Federal program. 

(xii) For each Federal program, a yes or no statement as to whether there are audit findings in each of the following types of compliance requirements and the total amount of any questioned costs: 

(A) Activities allowed or unallowed. 

(B) Allowable costs/cost principles. 

(C) Cash management. 

(D) Davis-Bacon Act. 

(E) Eligibility. 

(F) Equipment and real property management. 

(G) Matching, level of effort, earmarking. 

(H) Period of availability of Federal funds. 

(I) Procurement and suspension and debarment. 

(J) Program income. 

(K) Real property acquisition and relocation assistance. 

(L) Reporting. 

(M) Subrecipient monitoring. 

(N) Special tests and provisions. 

(xiii) Auditee name, employer identification number(s), name and title of certifying official, telephone number, signature, and date. 

(xiv) Auditor name, name and title of contact person, auditor address, auditor telephone number, signature, and date. 

(xv) Whether the auditee has either a cognizant or oversight agency for audit. 

(xvi) The name of the cognizant or oversight agency for audit determined in accordance with § 41.400(a) and § 41.400(b), respectively. 

(3) Using the information included in the reporting package described in paragraph (c) of this section, the auditor shall complete the applicable sections of the form. The auditor shall sign a statement to be included as part of the data collection form that indicates, at a minimum, the source of the information included in the form, the auditor's responsibility for the information, that the form is not a substitute for the reporting package described in paragraph (c) of this section, and that the content of the form is limited to the data elements prescribed by OMB. 

                                        (c)                                         *Reporting package.*                                         The reporting package shall include the:                                     

                                        (1) Financial statements and schedule of expenditures of Federal awards discussed in § 41.310(a) and § 41.310(b), respectively;                                               ( print page 52256)    

(2) Summary schedule of prior audit findings discussed in § 41.315(b); 

(3) Auditor's report(s) discussed in § 41.505; and 

(4) Corrective action plan discussed in § 41.315(c). 

                                        (d)                                         *Submission to clearinghouse.*                                         All auditees shall submit to the Federal clearinghouse designated by OMB the data collection form described in paragraph (b) of this section and one copy of the reporting package described in paragraph (c) of this section for:                                     

(1) The Federal clearinghouse to retain as an archival copy; and 

(2) Each Federal awarding agency when the schedule of findings and questioned costs disclosed audit findings relating to Federal awards that the Federal awarding agency provided directly or the summary schedule of prior audit findings reported the status of any audit findings relating to Federal awards that the Federal awarding agency provided directly. 

                                        (e)                                         *Additional submission by subrecipients.*                                         (1) In addition to the requirements discussed in paragraph (d) of this section, auditees that are also subrecipients shall submit to each pass-through entity one copy of the reporting package described in paragraph (c) of this section for each pass-through entity when the schedule of findings and questioned costs disclosed audit findings relating to Federal awards that the pass-through entity provided or the summary schedule of prior audit findings reported the status of any audit findings relating to Federal awards that the pass-through entity provided.                                     

(2) When a subrecipient is not required to submit a reporting package to a pass-through entity pursuant to paragraph (e)(1) of this section, the subrecipient shall provide written notification to the pass-through entity that: an audit of the subrecipient was conducted in accordance with this part (including the period covered by the audit and the name, amount, and CFDA number of the Federal award(s) provided by the pass-through entity); the schedule of findings and questioned costs disclosed no audit findings relating to the Federal award(s) that the pass-through entity provided; and, the summary schedule of prior audit findings did not report on the status of any audit findings relating to the Federal award(s) that the pass-through entity provided. A subrecipient may submit a copy of the reporting package described in paragraph (c) of this section to a pass-through entity to comply with this notification requirement. 

                                        (f)                                         *Requests for report copies.*                                         In response to requests by a Federal agency or pass-through entity, auditees shall submit the appropriate copies of the reporting package described in paragraph (c) of this section and, if requested, a copy of any management letters issued by the auditor.                                     

                                        (g)                                         *Report retention requirements.*                                         Auditees shall keep one copy of the data collection form described in paragraph (b) of this section and one copy of the reporting package described in paragraph (c) of this section on file for three years from the date of submission to the Federal clearinghouse designated by OMB. Pass-through entities shall keep subrecipients' submissions on file for three years from date of receipt.                                     

                                        (h)                                         *Clearinghouse responsibilities.*                                         The Federal clearinghouse designated by OMB shall distribute the reporting packages received in accordance with paragraph (d)(2) of this section and § 41.235(c)(3) to applicable Federal awarding agencies, maintain a data base of completed audits, provide appropriate information to Federal agencies, and follow up with known auditees which have not submitted the required data collection forms and reporting packages.                                     

                                        (i)                                         *Clearinghouse address.*                                         The address of the Federal clearinghouse currently designated by OMB is Federal Audit Clearinghouse, Bureau of the Census, 1201 E. 10th Street, Jeffersonville, IN 47132.                                     

                                        (j)                                         *Electronic filing.*                                         Nothing in this part shall preclude electronic submissions to the Federal clearinghouse in such manner as may be approved by OMB. With OMB approval, the Federal clearinghouse may pilot test methods of electronic submissions.                                     
Pub. L. 104-156

# Subpart D—Federal Agencies and Pass-Through Entities 

§ 41.400 

                                        (a)                                         *Cognizant agency for audit responsibilities.*                                         Recipients expending more than $50 million a year in Federal awards shall have a cognizant agency for audit. The designated cognizant agency for audit shall be the Federal awarding agency that provides the predominant amount of direct funding to a recipient unless OMB makes a specific cognizant agency for audit assignment. The determination of the predominant amount of direct funding shall be based upon direct Federal awards expended in the recipient's fiscal years ending in 2004, 2009, 2014, and every fifth year thereafter. For example, audit cognizance for periods ending in 2006 through 2010 will be determined based on Federal awards expended in 2004. (However, for 2001 through 2005, cognizant agency for audit is determined based on the predominant amount of direct Federal awards expended in the recipient's fiscal year ending in 2000). Notwithstanding the manner in which audit cognizance is determined, a Federal awarding agency with cognizance for an auditee may reassign cognizance to another Federal awarding agency which provides substantial direct funding and agrees to be the cognizant agency for audit. Within 30 days after any reassignment, both the old and the new cognizant agency for audit shall notify the auditee, and, if known, the auditor of the reassignment. The cognizant agency for audit shall:                                     

(1) Provide technical audit advice and liaison to auditees and auditors. 

(2) Consider auditee requests for extensions to the report submission due date required by § 41.320(a). The cognizant agency for audit may grant extensions for good cause. 

(3) Obtain or conduct quality control reviews of selected audits made by non-Federal auditors, and provide the results, when appropriate, to other interested organizations. 

(4) Promptly inform other affected Federal agencies and appropriate Federal law enforcement officials of any direct reporting by the auditee or its auditor of irregularities or illegal acts, as required by GAGAS or laws and regulations. 

(5) Advise the auditor and, where appropriate, the auditee of any deficiencies found in the audits when the deficiencies require corrective action by the auditor. When advised of deficiencies, the auditee shall work with the auditor to take corrective action. If corrective action is not taken, the cognizant agency for audit shall notify the auditor, the auditee, and applicable Federal awarding agencies and pass-through entities of the facts and make recommendations for follow-up action. Major inadequacies or repetitive substandard performance by auditors shall be referred to appropriate State licensing agencies and professional bodies for disciplinary action. 

(6) Coordinate, to the extent practical, audits or reviews made by or for Federal agencies that are in addition to the audits made pursuant to this part, so that the additional audits or reviews build upon audits performed in accordance with this part. 

(7) Coordinate a management decision for audit findings that affect the Federal programs of more than one agency. 

                                        (8) Coordinate the audit work and reporting responsibilities among auditors to achieve the most cost-effective audit.                                               ( print page 52257)    

(9) For biennial audits permitted under § 41.220, consider auditee requests to qualify as a low-risk auditee under § 41.530(a). 

                                        (b)                                         *Oversight agency for audit responsibilities.*                                         An auditee, which does not have a designated cognizant agency for audit, will be under the general oversight of the Federal agency determined in accordance with § 41.105. The oversight agency for audit:                                     

(1) Shall provide technical advice to auditees and auditors as requested. 

(2) May assume all or some of the responsibilities normally performed by a cognizant agency for audit. 

                                        (c)                                         *Federal awarding agency responsibilities.*                                         The Federal awarding agency shall perform the following for the Federal awards it makes:                                     

(1) Identify Federal awards made by informing each recipient of the CFDA title and number, award name and number, award year, and if the award is for R&D. When some of this information is not available, the Federal agency shall provide information necessary to clearly describe the Federal award. 

(2) Advise recipients of requirements imposed on them by Federal laws, regulations, and the provisions of contracts or grant agreements. 

(3) Ensure that audits are completed and reports are received in a timely manner and in accordance with the requirements of this part. 

(4) Provide technical advice and counsel to auditees and auditors as requested. 

(5) Issue a management decision on audit findings within six months after receipt of the audit report and ensure that the recipient takes appropriate and timely corrective action. 

(6) Assign a person responsible for providing annual updates of the compliance supplement to OMB. 

                                        (d)                                         *Pass-through entity responsibilities.*                                         A pass-through entity shall perform the following for the Federal awards it makes:                                     

(1) Identify Federal awards made by informing each subrecipient of CFDA title and number, award name and number, award year, if the award is R&D, and name of Federal agency. When some of this information is not available, the pass-through entity shall provide the best information available to describe the Federal award. 

(2) Advise subrecipients of requirements imposed on them by Federal laws, regulations, and the provisions of contracts or grant agreements as well as any supplemental requirements imposed by the pass-through entity. 

(3) Monitor the activities of subrecipients as necessary to ensure that Federal awards are used for authorized purposes in compliance with laws, regulations, and the provisions of contracts or grant agreements and that performance goals are achieved. 

(4) Ensure that subrecipients expending $500,000 or more in Federal awards during the subrecipient's fiscal year have met the audit requirements of this part for that fiscal year. 

(5) Issue a management decision on audit findings within six months after receipt of the subrecipient's audit report and ensure that the subrecipient takes appropriate and timely corrective action. 

(6) Consider whether subrecipient audits necessitate adjustment of the pass-through entity's own records. 

(7) Require each subrecipient to permit the pass-through entity and auditors to have access to the records and financial statements as necessary for the pass-through entity to comply with this part. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 41.405 

                                        (a)                                         *General.*                                         The management decision shall clearly state whether or not the audit finding is sustained, the reasons for the decision, and the expected auditee action to repay disallowed costs, make financial adjustments, or take other action. If the auditee has not completed corrective action, a timetable for follow-up should be given. Prior to issuing the management decision, the Federal agency or pass-through entity may request additional information or documentation from the auditee, including a request for auditor assurance related to the documentation, as a way of mitigating disallowed costs. The management decision should describe any appeal process available to the auditee.                                     

                                        (b)                                         *Federal agency.*                                         As provided in § 41.400(a)(7), the cognizant agency for audit shall be responsible for coordinating a management decision for audit findings that affect the programs of more than one Federal agency. As provided in § 41.400(c)(5), a Federal awarding agency is responsible for issuing a management decision for findings that relate to Federal awards it makes to recipients. Alternate arrangements may be made on a case-by-case basis by agreement among the Federal agencies concerned.                                     

                                        (c)                                         *Pass-through entity.*                                         As provided in § 41.400(d)(5), the pass-through entity shall be responsible for making the management decision for audit findings that relate to Federal awards it makes to subrecipients.                                     

                                        (d)                                         *Time requirements.*                                         The entity responsible for making the management decision shall do so within six months of receipt of the audit report. Corrective action should be initiated within six months after receipt of the audit report and proceed as rapidly as possible.                                     

                                        (e)                                         *Reference numbers.*                                         Management decisions shall include the reference numbers the auditor assigned to each audit finding in accordance with § 41.510(c).                                     
Pub. L. 104-156

# Subpart E—Auditors 

§ 41.500 

                                        (a)                                         *General.*                                         The audit shall be conducted in accordance with GAGAS. The audit shall cover the entire operations of the auditee; or, at the option of the auditee, such audit shall include a series of audits that cover departments, agencies, and other organizational units which expended or otherwise administered Federal awards during such fiscal year, provided that each such audit shall encompass the financial statements and schedule of expenditures of Federal awards for each such department, agency, and other organizational unit, which shall be considered to be a non-Federal entity. The financial statements and schedule of expenditures of Federal awards shall be for the same fiscal year.                                     

                                        (b)                                         *Financial statements.*                                         The auditor shall determine whether the financial statements of the auditee are presented fairly in all material respects in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. The auditor shall also determine whether the schedule of expenditures of Federal awards is presented fairly in all material respects in relation to the auditee's financial statements taken as a whole.                                     

                                        (c)                                         *Internal control.*                                         (1) In addition to the requirements of GAGAS, the auditor shall perform procedures to obtain an understanding of internal control over Federal programs sufficient to plan the audit to support a low assessed level of control risk for major programs.                                     

(2) Except as provided in paragraph (c)(3) of this section, the auditor shall: 

(i) Plan the testing of internal control over major programs to support a low assessed level of control risk for the assertions relevant to the compliance requirements for each major program; and 

(ii) Perform testing of internal control as planned in paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this section. 

                                        (3) When internal control over some or all of the compliance requirements for a major program are likely to be ineffective in preventing or detecting noncompliance, the planning and performing of testing described in                                               ( print page 52258)                                            paragraph (c)(2) of this section are not required for those compliance requirements. However, the auditor shall report a reportable condition (including whether any such condition is a material weakness) in accordance with § 41.510, assess the related control risk at the maximum, and consider whether additional compliance tests are required because of ineffective internal control.                                     

                                        (d)                                         *Compliance.*                                         (1) In addition to the requirements of GAGAS, the auditor shall determine whether the auditee has complied with laws, regulations, and the provisions of contracts or grant agreements that may have a direct and material effect on each of its major programs.                                     

(2) The principal compliance requirements applicable to most Federal programs and the compliance requirements of the largest Federal programs are included in the compliance supplement. 

(3) For the compliance requirements related to Federal programs contained in the compliance supplement, an audit of these compliance requirements will meet the requirements of this part. Where there have been changes to the compliance requirements and the changes are not reflected in the compliance supplement, the auditor shall determine the current compliance requirements and modify the audit procedures accordingly. For those Federal programs not covered in the compliance supplement, the auditor should use the types of compliance requirements contained in the compliance supplement as guidance for identifying the types of compliance requirements to test, and determine the requirements governing the Federal program by reviewing the provisions of contracts and grant agreements and the laws and regulations referred to in such contracts and grant agreements. 

(4) The compliance testing shall include tests of transactions and such other auditing procedures necessary to provide the auditor sufficient evidence to support an opinion on compliance. 

                                        (e)                                         *Audit follow-up.*                                         The auditor shall follow-up on prior audit findings, perform procedures to assess the reasonableness of the summary schedule of prior audit findings prepared by the auditee in accordance with § 41.315(b), and report, as a current year audit finding, when the auditor concludes that the summary schedule of prior audit findings materially misrepresents the status of any prior audit finding. The auditor shall perform audit follow-up procedures regardless of whether a prior audit finding relates to a major program in the current year.                                     

                                        (f)                                         *Data Collection Form.*                                         As required in § 41.320(b)(3), the auditor shall complete and sign specified sections of the data collection form.                                     
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 41.505 

The auditor's report(s) may be in the form of either combined or separate reports and may be organized differently from the manner presented in this section. The auditor's report(s) shall state that the audit was conducted in accordance with this part and include the following: 

(a) An opinion (or disclaimer of opinion) as to whether the financial statements are presented fairly in all material respects in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and an opinion (or disclaimer of opinion) as to whether the schedule of expenditures of Federal awards is presented fairly in all material respects in relation to the financial statements taken as a whole. 

(b) A report on internal control related to the financial statements and major programs. This report shall describe the scope of testing of internal control and the results of the tests, and, where applicable, refer to the separate schedule of findings and questioned costs described in paragraph (d) of this section. 

(c) A report on compliance with laws, regulations, and the provisions of contracts or grant agreements, noncompliance with which could have a material effect on the financial statements. This report shall also include an opinion (or disclaimer of opinion) as to whether the auditee complied with laws, regulations, and the provisions of contracts or grant agreements which could have a direct and material effect on each major program, and, where applicable, refer to the separate schedule of findings and questioned costs described in paragraph (d) of this section. 

(d) A schedule of findings and questioned costs, which shall include the following three components: 

(1) A summary of the auditor's results, which shall include: 

                                        (i) The type of report the auditor issued on the financial statements of the auditee (                                        *i.e.*, unqualified opinion, qualified opinion, adverse opinion, or disclaimer of opinion);                                     

(ii) Where applicable, a statement that reportable conditions in internal control were disclosed by the audit of the financial statements and whether any such conditions were material weaknesses; 

(iii) A statement as to whether the audit disclosed any noncompliance, which is material to the financial statements of the auditee; 

(iv) Where applicable, a statement that reportable conditions in internal control over major programs were disclosed by the audit and whether any such conditions were material weaknesses; 

                                        (v) The type of report the auditor issued on compliance for major programs (                                        *i.e.*, unqualified opinion, qualified opinion, adverse opinion, or disclaimer of opinion);                                     

(vi) A statement as to whether the audit disclosed any audit findings, which the auditor is required to report under § 41.510(a); 

(vii) An identification of major programs; 

(viii) The dollar threshold used to distinguish between Type A and Type B programs, as described in § 41.520(b); and 

(ix) A statement as to whether the auditee qualified as a low-risk auditee under § 41.530. 

(2) Findings relating to the financial statements, which are required to be reported in accordance with GAGAS. 

(3) Findings and questioned costs for Federal awards which shall include audit findings as defined in § 41.510(a). 

                                        (i) Audit findings (                                        *e.g.*, internal control findings, compliance findings, questioned costs, or fraud) which relate to the same issue should be presented as a single audit finding. Where practical, audit findings should be organized by Federal agency or pass-through entity.                                     

(ii) Audit findings which relate to both the financial statements and Federal awards, as reported under paragraphs (d)(2) and (d)(3) of this section, respectively, should be reported in both sections of the schedule. However, the reporting in one section of the schedule may be in summary form with a reference to a detailed reporting in the other section of the schedule. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 41.510 

                                        (a)                                         *Audit findings reported.*                                         The auditor shall report the following as audit findings in a schedule of findings and questioned costs:                                     

                                        (1) Reportable conditions in internal control over major programs. The auditor's determination of whether a deficiency in internal control is a reportable condition for the purpose of reporting an audit finding is in relation to a type of compliance requirement for a major program or an audit objective identified in the compliance supplement. The auditor shall identify reportable conditions, which are                                               ( print page 52259)                                            individually or cumulatively material weaknesses.                                     

(2) Material noncompliance with the provisions of laws, regulations, contracts, or grant agreements related to a major program. The auditor's determination of whether a noncompliance with the provisions of laws, regulations, contracts, or grant agreements is material for the purpose of reporting an audit finding is in relation to a type of compliance requirement for a major program or an audit objective identified in the compliance supplement. 

(3) Known questioned costs, which are greater than $10,000, for a type of compliance requirement for a major program. Known questioned costs are those specifically identified by the auditor. In evaluating the effect of questioned costs on the opinion on compliance, the auditor considers the best estimate of total costs questioned (likely questioned costs), not just the questioned costs specifically identified (known questioned costs). The auditor shall also report known questioned costs when likely questioned costs are greater than $10,000 for a type of compliance requirement for a major program. In reporting questioned costs, the auditor shall include information to provide proper perspective for judging the prevalence and consequences of the questioned costs. 

                                        (4) Known questioned costs, which are greater than $10,000, for a Federal program, which is not audited as a major program. Except for audit follow-up, the auditor is not required under this part to perform audit procedures for such a Federal program; therefore, the auditor will normally not find questioned costs for a program, which is not audited as a major program. However, if the auditor does become aware of questioned costs for a Federal program which is not audited as a major program (                                        *e.g.*, as part of audit follow-up or other audit procedures) and the known questioned costs are greater than $10,000, then the auditor shall report this as an audit finding.                                     

(5) The circumstances concerning why the auditor's report on compliance for major programs is other than an unqualified opinion, unless such circumstances are otherwise reported as audit findings in the schedule of findings and questioned costs for Federal awards. 

(6) Known fraud affecting a Federal award, unless such fraud is otherwise reported as an audit finding in the schedule of findings and questioned costs for Federal awards. This paragraph does not require the auditor to make an additional reporting when the auditor confirms that the fraud was reported outside of the auditor's reports under the direct reporting requirements of GAGAS. 

(7) Instances where the results of audit follow-up procedures disclosed that the summary schedule of prior audit findings prepared by the auditee in accordance with § 41.315(b) materially misrepresents the status of any prior audit finding. 

                                        (b)                                         *Audit finding detail.*                                         Audit findings shall be presented in sufficient detail for the auditee to prepare a corrective action plan and take corrective action and for Federal agencies and pass-through entities to arrive at a management decision. The following specific information shall be included, as applicable, in audit findings:                                     

(1) Federal program and specific Federal award identification including the CFDA title and number, Federal award number and year, name of Federal agency, and name of the applicable pass-through entity. When information, such as the CFDA title and number or Federal award number, is not available, the auditor shall provide the best information available to describe the Federal award. 

(2) The criteria or specific requirement upon which the audit finding is based, including statutory, regulatory, or other citation. 

(3) The condition found, including facts that support the deficiency identified in the audit finding. 

(4) Identification of questioned costs and how they were computed. 

(5) Information to provide proper perspective for judging the prevalence and consequences of the audit findings, such as whether the audit findings represent an isolated instance or a systemic problem. Where appropriate, instances identified shall be related to the universe and the number of cases examined and be quantified in terms of dollar value. 

(6) The possible asserted effect to provide sufficient information to the auditee and Federal agency, or pass-through entity in the case of a subrecipient, to permit them to determine the cause and effect to facilitate prompt and proper corrective action. 

(7) Recommendations to prevent future occurrences of the deficiency identified in the audit finding. 

(8) Views of responsible officials of the auditee when there is disagreement with the audit findings, to the extent practical. 

                                        (c)                                         *Reference numbers.*                                         Each audit finding in the schedule of findings and questioned costs shall include a reference number to allow for easy referencing of the audit findings during follow-up.                                     
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 41.515 

                                        (a)                                         *Retention of working papers.*                                         The auditor shall retain working papers and reports for a minimum of three years after the date of issuance of the auditor's report(s) to the auditee, unless the auditor is notified in writing by the cognizant agency for audit, oversight agency for audit, or pass-through entity to extend the retention period. When the auditor is aware that the Federal awarding agency, pass-through entity, or auditee is contesting an audit finding, the auditor shall contact the parties contesting the audit finding for guidance prior to destruction of the working papers and reports.                                     

                                        (b)                                         *Access to working papers.*                                         Audit working papers shall be made available upon request to the cognizant or oversight agency for audit or its designee, a Federal agency providing direct or indirect funding, or GAO at the completion of the audit, as part of a quality review, to resolve audit findings, or to carry out oversight responsibilities consistent with the purposes of this part. Access to working papers includes the right of Federal agencies to obtain copies of working papers, as is reasonable and necessary.                                     
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 41.520 

                                        (a)                                         *General.*                                         The auditor shall use a risk-based approach to determine which Federal programs are major programs. This risk-based approach shall include consideration of: Current and prior audit experience, oversight by Federal agencies and pass-through entities, and the inherent risk of the Federal program. The process in paragraphs (b) through (i) of this section shall be followed.                                     

                                        (b)                                         *Step 1.*                                         (1) The auditor shall identify the larger Federal programs, which shall be labeled Type A programs. Type A programs are defined as Federal programs with Federal awards expended during the audit period exceeding the larger of:                                     

(i) $300,000 or three percent (.03) of total Federal awards expended in the case of an auditee for which total Federal awards expended equal or exceed $300,000 but are less than or equal to $100 million. 

                                        (ii) $3 million or three-tenths of one percent (.003) of total Federal awards expended in the case of an auditee for which total Federal awards expended exceed $100 million but are less than or equal to $10 billion.                                               ( print page 52260)    

(iii) $30 million or 15 hundredths of one percent (.0015) of total Federal awards expended in the case of an auditee for which total Federal awards expended exceed $10 billion. 

(2) Federal programs not labeled Type A under paragraph (b)(1) of this section shall be labeled Type B programs. 

(3) The inclusion of large loan and loan guarantees (loans) should not result in the exclusion of other programs as Type A programs. When a Federal program providing loans significantly affects the number or size of Type A programs, the auditor shall consider this Federal program as a Type A program and exclude its values in determining other Type A programs. 

(4) For biennial audits permitted under § 41.220, the determination of Type A and Type B programs shall be based upon the Federal awards expended during the two-year period. 

                                        (c)                                         *Step 2.*                                         (1) The auditor shall identify Type A programs, which are low-risk. For a Type A program to be considered low-risk, it shall have been audited as a major program in at least one of the two most recent audit periods (in the most recent audit period in the case of a biennial audit), and, in the most recent audit period, it shall have had no audit findings under § 41.510(a). However, the auditor may use judgment and consider that audit findings from questioned costs under § 41.510(a)(3) and § 41.510(a)(4), fraud under § 41.510(a)(6), and audit follow-up for the summary schedule of prior audit findings under § 41.510(a)(7) do not preclude the Type A program from being low-risk. The auditor shall consider: the criteria in § 41.525(c), § 41.525(d)(1), § 41.525(d)(2), and § 41.525(d)(3); the results of audit follow-up; whether any changes in personnel or systems affecting a Type A program have significantly increased risk; and apply professional judgment in determining whether a Type A program is low-risk.                                     

(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (c)(1) of this section, OMB may approve a Federal awarding agency's request that a Type A program at certain recipients may not be considered low-risk. For example, it may be necessary for a large Type A program to be audited as major each year at particular recipients to allow the Federal agency to comply with the Government Management Reform Act of 1994 (31 U.S.C. 3515). The Federal agency shall notify the recipient and, if known, the auditor at least 180 days prior to the end of the fiscal year to be audited of OMB's approval. 

                                        (d)                                         *Step 3.*                                         (1) The auditor shall identify Type B programs, which are high-risk, using professional judgment and the criteria in § 41.525. However, should the auditor select Option 2 under Step 4 (paragraph (e)(2)(i)(B) of this section), the auditor is not required to identify more high-risk Type B programs than the number of low-risk Type A programs. Except for known reportable conditions in internal control or compliance problems as discussed in § 41.525(b)(1), § 41.525(b)(2), and § 41.525(c)(1), a single criteria in § 41.525 would seldom cause a Type B program to be considered high-risk.                                     

(2) The auditor is not expected to perform risk assessments on relatively small Federal programs. Therefore, the auditor is only required to perform risk assessments on Type B programs that exceed the larger of: 

(i) $100,000 or three-tenths of one percent (.003) of total Federal awards expended when the auditee has less than or equal to $100 million in total Federal awards expended. 

(ii) $300,000 or three-hundredths of one percent (.0003) of total Federal awards expended when the auditee has more than $100 million in total Federal awards expended. 

                                        (e)                                         *Step 4.*                                         At a minimum, the auditor shall audit all of the following as major programs:                                     

(1) All Type A programs, except the auditor may exclude any Type A programs identified as low-risk under Step 2 (paragraph (c)(1) of this section). 

(2) (i) High-risk Type B programs as identified under either of the following two options: 

                                        (A)                                         *Option 1.*                                         At least one half of the Type B programs identified as high-risk under Step 3 (paragraph (d) of this section), except this paragraph (e)(2)(i)(A) does not require the auditor to audit more high-risk Type B programs than the number of low-risk Type A programs identified as low-risk under Step 2.                                     

                                        (B)                                         *Option 2.*                                         One high-risk Type B program for each Type A program identified as low-risk under Step 2.                                     

(ii) When identifying which high-risk Type B programs to audit as major under either Option 1 or 2 in paragraph (e)(2)(i)(A) or (B) of this section, the auditor is encouraged to use an approach which provides an opportunity for different high-risk Type B programs to be audited as major over a period of time. 

(3) Such additional programs as may be necessary to comply with the percentage of coverage rule discussed in paragraph (f) of this section. This paragraph (e)(3) may require the auditor to audit more programs as major than the number of Type A programs. 

                                        (f)                                         *Percentage of coverage rule.*                                         The auditor shall audit as major programs Federal programs with Federal awards expended that, in the aggregate, encompass at least 50 percent of total Federal awards expended. If the auditee meets the criteria in § 41.530 for a low-risk auditee, the auditor need only audit as major programs Federal programs with Federal awards expended that, in the aggregate, encompass at least 25 percent of total Federal awards expended.                                     

                                        (g)                                         *Documentation of risk.*                                         The auditor shall document in the working papers the risk analysis process used in determining major programs.                                     

                                        (h)                                         *Auditor's judgment.*                                         When the major program determination was performed and documented in accordance with this part, the auditor's judgment in applying the risk-based approach to determine major programs shall be presumed correct. Challenges by Federal agencies and pass-through entities shall only be for clearly improper use of the guidance in this part. However, Federal agencies and pass-through entities may provide auditors guidance about the risk of a particular Federal program and the auditor shall consider this guidance in determining major programs in audits not yet completed.                                     

                                        (i)                                         *Deviation from use of risk criteria.*                                         For first-year audits, the auditor may elect to determine major programs as all Type A programs plus any Type B programs as necessary to meet the percentage of coverage rule discussed in paragraph (f) of this section. Under this option, the auditor would not be required to perform the procedures discussed in paragraphs (c), (d), and (e) of this section.                                     

(1) A first-year audit is the first year the entity is audited under this part or the first year of a change of auditors. 

(2) To ensure that a frequent change of auditors would not preclude audit of high-risk Type B programs, this election for first-year audits may not be used by an auditee more than once in every three years. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 41.525 

                                        (a)                                         *General.*                                         The auditor's determination should be based on an overall evaluation of the risk of noncompliance occurring, which could be material to the Federal program. The auditor shall use auditor judgment and consider criteria, such as described in paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of this section, to identify risk in Federal programs. Also, as part of the risk analysis, the auditor may wish to discuss a particular Federal program                                               ( print page 52261)                                            with auditee management and the Federal agency or pass-through entity.                                     

                                        (b)                                         *Current and prior audit experience.*                                         (1) Weaknesses in internal control over Federal programs would indicate higher risk. Consideration should be given to the control environment over Federal programs and such factors as the expectation of management's adherence to applicable laws and regulations and the provisions of contracts and grant agreements and the competence and experience of personnel who administer the Federal programs.                                     

                                        (i) A Federal program administered under multiple internal control structures may have higher risk. When assessing risk in a large single audit, the auditor shall consider whether weaknesses are isolated in a single operating unit (                                        *e.g.*, one college campus) or pervasive throughout the entity.                                     

(ii) When significant parts of a Federal program are passed through to subrecipients, a weak system for monitoring subrecipients would indicate higher risk. 

(iii) The extent to which computer processing is used to administer Federal programs, as well as the complexity of that processing, should be considered by the auditor in assessing risk. New and recently modified computer systems may also indicate risk. 

(2) Prior audit findings would indicate higher risk, particularly when the situations identified in the audit findings could have a significant impact on a Federal program or have not been corrected. 

(3) Federal programs not recently audited as major programs may be of higher risk than Federal programs recently audited as major programs without audit findings. 

                                        (c)                                         *Oversight exercised by Federal agencies and pass-through entities.*                                         (1) Oversight exercised by Federal agencies or pass-through entities could indicate risk. For example, recent monitoring or other reviews performed by an oversight entity, which disclosed no significant problems, would indicate lower risk. However, monitoring which disclosed significant problems would indicate higher risk.                                     

(2) Federal agencies, with the concurrence of OMB, may identify Federal programs, which are higher risk. OMB plans to provide this identification in the compliance supplement. 

                                        (d)                                         *Inherent risk of the Federal program.*                                         (1) The nature of a Federal program may indicate risk. Consideration should be given to the complexity of the program and the extent to which the Federal program contracts for goods and services. For example, Federal programs that disburse funds through third party contracts or have eligibility criteria may be of higher risk. Federal programs primarily involving staff payroll costs may have a high-risk for time and effort reporting, but otherwise be at low-risk.                                     

(2) The phase of a Federal program in its life cycle at the Federal agency may indicate risk. For example, a new Federal program with new or interim regulations may have higher risk than an established program with time-tested regulations. Also, significant changes in Federal programs, laws, regulations, or the provisions of contracts or grant agreements may increase risk. 

(3) The phase of a Federal program in its life cycle at the auditee may indicate risk. For example, during the first and last years that an auditee participates in a Federal program, the risk may be higher due to start-up or closeout of program activities and staff. 

(4) Type B programs with larger Federal awards expended would be of higher risk than programs with substantially smaller Federal awards expended. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 41.530 

An auditee, which meets all of the following conditions for each of the preceding two years (or, in the case of biennial audits, preceding two audit periods), shall qualify as a low-risk auditee and be eligible for reduced audit coverage in accordance with § 41.520: 

(a) Single audits were performed on an annual basis in accordance with the provisions of this part. A non-Federal entity that has biennial audits does not qualify as a low-risk auditee, unless agreed to in advance by the cognizant or oversight agency for audit. 

(b) The auditor's opinions on the financial statements and the schedule of expenditures of Federal awards were unqualified. However, the cognizant or oversight agency for audit may judge that an opinion qualification does not affect the management of Federal awards and provide a waiver. 

(c) There were no deficiencies in internal control, which were identified as material weaknesses under the requirements of GAGAS. However, the cognizant or oversight agency for audit may judge that any identified material weaknesses do not affect the management of Federal awards and provide a waiver. 

(d) None of the Federal programs had audit findings from any of the following in either of the preceding two years (or, in the case of biennial audits, preceding two audit periods) in which they were classified as Type A programs: 

(1) Internal control deficiencies which were identified as material weaknesses; 

(2) Noncompliance with the provisions of laws, regulations, contracts, or grant agreements which have a material effect on the Type A program; or 

(3) Known or likely questioned costs that exceed five percent of the total Federal awards expended for a Type A program during the year. 
Pub. L. 104-156

## Appendix A to Part 41—Data Collection Form (Form SF-SAC) 

# Note:

                                            Data Collection Form SF-SAC and instructions for its completion may be obtained from the following Web page:                                             *http://harvester.census.gov/​fac/​collect/​sfsac_​01.pdf*. It is also available from the address provided in § 41.320(i).                                        

## Appendix B to Part 41—OMB Circular A-133 Compliance Supplement 

# Note:

                                            OMB Circular A-133 Compliance is available on the OMB home page at                                             *http://www.whitehouse.gov/​ omb/grants/ grants_circulars.html*.                                        

2. Part 49 is added to read as follows: 

# PART 49—UNIFORM ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS WITH INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS 

        Subpart A—General 49.1 
Purpose. 
49.2 
Definitions. 
49.3 
Effect on other issuances. 
49.4 
Deviations. 
49.5 
Subawards. 

        Subpart B—Pre-Award Requirements49.10 
Purpose. 
49.11 
Pre-award policies. 
49.12 
Forms for applying for Federal assistance. 
49.13 
Debarment and suspension. 
49.14 
Special award conditions. 
49.15 
Metric system of measurement. 
49.16 
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. 
49.17 
Certifications and representations. 

        Subpart C—Post-Award Requirements Financial and Program Management49.20 
Purpose of financial and program management. 
49.21 
Standards for financial management systems. 
49.22 
Payment. 
49.23 
Cost sharing or matching. 
49.24 
Program income. 
49.25 
Revision of budget and program plans. 
49.26 
Non-Federal audits. 
49.27 
Allowable costs. 
49.28 
                                        Period of availability of funds.                                         
      ( print page 52262)    
49.29 
Conditional exemptions. 
Property Standards49.30 
Purpose of property standards. 
49.31 
Insurance coverage. 
49.32 
Real property. 
49.33 
Federally-owned and exempt property. 
49.34 
Equipment. 
49.35 
Supplies and other expendable property. 
49.36 
Intangible property. 
49.37 
Property trust relationship. 
Procurement Standards49.40 
Purpose of procurement standards. 
49.41 
Recipient responsibilities. 
49.42 
Codes of conduct. 
49.43 
Competition. 
49.44 
Procurement procedures. 
49.45 
Cost and price analysis. 
49.46 
Procurement records. 
49.47 
Contract administration. 
49.48 
Contract provisions. 
Reports and Records49.50 
Purpose of reports and records. 
49.51 
Monitoring and reporting program performance. 
49.52 
Financial reporting. 
49.53 
Retention and access requirements for records. 
Termination and Enforcement49.60 
Purpose of termination and enforcement. 
49.61 
Termination. 
49.62 
Enforcement. 

        Subpart D—After-the-Award Requirements49.70 
Purpose. 
49.71 
Closeout procedures. 
49.72 
Subsequent adjustments and continuing responsibilities. 
49.73 
Collection of amounts due. 

        Appendix A to Part 49—Contract Provisions 

Authority:5 U.S.C. 301; 38 U.S.C. 501, OMB Circular A-110 (2 CFR part 215), and as noted in specific sections. 

# Subpart A—General 

§ 49.1 

This part establishes uniform administrative requirements for Federal grants and agreements awarded to institutions of higher education, hospitals, and other non-profit organizations. Federal awarding agencies shall not impose additional or inconsistent requirements, except as provided in §§ 49.4, and 49.14 or unless specifically required by Federal statute or executive order. Non-profit organizations that implement Federal programs for the States are also subject to State requirements. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.2 

                                        (a)                                         *Accrued expenditures*                                         means the charges incurred by the recipient during a given period requiring the provision of funds for:                                     

(1) Goods and other tangible property received; 

(2) Services performed by employees, contractors, subrecipients, and other payees; and, 

(3) Other amounts becoming owed under programs for which no current services or performance is required. 

                                        (b)                                         *Accrued income*                                         means the sum of:                                     

(1) Earnings during a given period from: 

(i) Services performed by the recipient, and 

(ii) Goods and other tangible property delivered to purchasers, and 

(2) Amounts becoming owed to the recipient for which no current services or performance is required by the recipient. 

                                        (c)                                         *Acquisition cost of equipment*                                         means the net invoice price of the equipment, including the cost of modifications, attachments, accessories, or auxiliary apparatus necessary to make the property usable for the purpose for which it was acquired. Other charges, such as the cost of installation, transportation, taxes, duty or protective in-transit insurance, shall be included or excluded from the unit acquisition cost in accordance with the recipient's regular accounting practices.                                     

                                        (d)                                         *Advance*                                         means a payment made by Treasury check or other appropriate payment mechanism to a recipient upon its request either before outlays are made by the recipient or through the use of predetermined payment schedules.                                     

                                        (e)                                         *Award*                                         means financial assistance that provides support or stimulation to accomplish a public purpose. Awards include grants and other agreements in the form of money or property in lieu of money, by the Federal Government to an eligible recipient. The term does not include: technical assistance, which provides services instead of money; other assistance in the form of loans, loan guarantees, interest subsidies, or insurance; direct payments of any kind to individuals; and, contracts which are required to be entered into and administered under procurement laws and regulations.                                     

                                        (f)                                         *Cash contributions*                                         means the recipient's cash outlay, including the outlay of money contributed to the recipient by third parties.                                     

                                        (g)                                         *Closeout*                                         means the process by which a Federal awarding agency determines that all applicable administrative actions and all required work of the award have been completed by the recipient and Federal awarding agency.                                     

                                        (h)                                         *Contract*                                         means a procurement contract under an award or subaward, and a procurement subcontract under a recipient's or subrecipient's contract.                                     

                                        (i)                                         *Cost sharing or matching*                                         means that portion of project or program costs not borne by the Federal Government.                                     

                                        (j)                                         *Date of completion*                                         means the date on which all work under an award is completed or the date on the award document, or any supplement or amendment thereto, on which Federal sponsorship ends.                                     

                                        (k)                                         *Disallowed costs*                                         means those charges to an award that the Federal awarding agency determines to be unallowable, in accordance with the applicable Federal cost principles or other terms and conditions contained in the award.                                     

                                        (l)                                         *Equipment*                                         means tangible nonexpendable personal property including exempt property charged directly to the award having a useful life of more than one year and an acquisition cost of $5000 or more per unit. However, consistent with recipient policy, lower limits may be established.                                     

                                        (m)                                         *Excess property*                                         means property under the control of any Federal awarding agency that, as determined by the head thereof, is no longer required for its needs or the discharge of its responsibilities.                                     

                                        (n)                                         *Exempt property*                                         means tangible personal property acquired in whole or in part with Federal funds, where the Federal awarding agency has statutory authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt property authority is contained in the Federal Grant and Cooperative Agreement Act (31 U.S.C. 6306), for property acquired under an award to conduct basic or applied research by a non-profit institution of higher education or non-profit organization whose principal purpose is conducting scientific research.                                     

                                        (o)                                         *Federal awarding agency*                                         means the Federal agency that provides an award to the recipient.                                     

                                        (p)                                         *Federal funds authorized*                                         means the total amount of Federal funds obligated by the Federal Government for use by the recipient. This amount may include any authorized carryover of unobligated funds from prior funding periods when permitted by agency regulations or agency implementing instructions.                                     

                                        (q)                                         *Federal share of real property, equipment, or supplies*                                         means that percentage of the property's acquisition costs and any improvement expenditures paid with Federal funds.                                     

                                        (r)                                         *Funding period*                                         means the period of time when Federal funding is available for obligation by the recipient.                                     

                                        (s)                                         *Intangible property and debt instruments*                                         means, but is not limited to, trademarks, copyrights, patents and                                               ( print page 52263)                                            patent applications and such property as loans, notes and other debt instruments, lease agreements, stock and other instruments of property ownership, whether considered tangible or intangible.                                     

                                        (t)                                         *Obligations*                                         means the amounts of orders placed, contracts and grants awarded, services received and similar transactions during a given period that require payment by the recipient during the same or a future period.                                     

                                        (u)                                         *Outlays or expenditures*                                         means charges made to the project or program. They may be reported on a cash or accrual basis. For reports prepared on a cash basis, outlays are the sum of cash disbursements for direct charges for goods and services, the amount of indirect expense charged, the value of third party in-kind contributions applied and the amount of cash advances and payments made to subrecipients. For reports prepared on an accrual basis, outlays are the sum of cash disbursements for direct charges for goods and services, the amount of indirect expense incurred, the value of in-kind contributions applied, and the net increase (or decrease) in the amounts owed by the recipient for goods and other property received, for services performed by employees, contractors, subrecipients and other payees and other amounts becoming owed under programs for which no current services or performance are required.                                     

                                        (v)                                         *Personal property*                                         means property of any kind except real property. It may be tangible, having physical existence, or intangible, having no physical existence, such as copyrights, patents, or securities.                                     

                                        (w)                                         *Prior approval*                                         means written approval by an authorized official evidencing prior consent.                                     

                                        (x)                                         *Program income*                                         means gross income earned by the recipient that is directly generated by a supported activity or earned as a result of the award (see exclusions in § 49.24 (e) and (h)). Program income includes, but is not limited to, income from fees for services performed, the use or rental of real or personal property acquired under federally-funded projects, the sale of commodities or items fabricated under an award, license fees and royalties on patents and copyrights, and interest on loans made with award funds. Interest earned on advances of Federal funds is not program income. Except as otherwise provided in Federal awarding agency regulations or the terms and conditions of the award, program income does not include the receipt of principal on loans, rebates, credits, discounts, etc., or interest earned on any of them.                                     

                                        (y)                                         *Project costs*                                         means all allowable costs, as set forth in the applicable Federal cost principles, incurred by a recipient and the value of the contributions made by third parties in accomplishing the objectives of the award during the project period.                                     

                                        (z)                                         *Project period*                                         means the period established in the award document during which Federal sponsorship begins and ends.                                     

                                        (aa)                                         *Property*                                         means, unless otherwise stated, real property, equipment, intangible property and debt instruments.                                     

                                        (bb)                                         *Real property*                                         means land, including land improvements, structures and appurtenances thereto, but excludes movable machinery and equipment.                                     

                                        (cc)                                         *Recipient*                                         means an organization receiving financial assistance directly from Federal awarding agencies to carry out a project or program. The term includes public and private institutions of higher education, public and private hospitals, and other quasi-public and private non-profit organizations such as, but not limited to, community action agencies, research institutes, educational associations, and health centers. The term may include commercial organizations, foreign or international organizations (such as agencies of the United Nations) which are recipients, subrecipients, or contractors or subcontractors of recipients or subrecipients at the discretion of the Federal awarding agency. The term does not include government-owned contractor-operated facilities or research centers providing continued support for mission-oriented, large-scale programs that are government-owned or controlled, or are designated as federally-funded research and development centers.                                     

                                        (dd)                                         *Research and development*                                         means all research activities, both basic and applied, and all development activities that are supported at universities, colleges, and other non-profit institutions. “Research” is defined as a systematic study directed toward fuller scientific knowledge or understanding of the subject studied. “Development” is the systematic use of knowledge and understanding gained from research directed toward the production of useful materials, devices, systems, or methods, including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also includes activities involving the training of individuals in research techniques where such activities utilize the same facilities as other research and development activities and where such activities are not included in the instruction function.                                     

                                        (ee)                                         *Small awards*                                         means a grant or cooperative agreement not exceeding the small purchase threshold fixed at 41 U.S.C. 403(11) ($100,000).                                     

                                        (ff)                                         *Subaward*                                         means an award of financial assistance in the form of money, or property in lieu of money, made under an award by a recipient to an eligible subrecipient or by a subrecipient to a lower tier subrecipient. The term includes financial assistance when provided by any legal agreement, even if the agreement is called a contract, but does not include procurement of goods and services nor does it include any form of assistance, which is excluded from the definition of “award” in paragraph (e) of this section.                                     

                                        (gg)                                         *Subrecipient*                                         means the legal entity to which a subaward is made and which is accountable to the recipient for the use of the funds provided. The term may include foreign or international organizations (such as agencies of the United Nations) at the discretion of the Federal awarding agency.                                     

                                        (hh)                                         *Supplies*                                         means all personal property excluding equipment, intangible property, and debt instruments as defined in this section, and inventions of a contractor conceived or first actually reduced to practice in the performance of work under a funding agreement (“subject inventions”), as defined in 37 CFR 401.2(d)

                                        (ii)                                         *Suspension*                                         means an action by a Federal awarding agency that temporarily withdraws Federal sponsorship under an award, pending corrective action by the recipient or pending a decision to terminate the award by the Federal awarding agency. Suspension of an award is a separate action from suspension under Federal agency regulations implementing E.O.s 12549 and 12689, “Debarment and Suspension.”                                     

                                        (jj)                                         *Termination*                                         means the cancellation of Federal sponsorship, in whole or in part, under an agreement at any time prior to the date of completion.                                     

                                        (kk)                                         *Third party in-kind contributions*                                         means the value of non-cash contributions provided by non-Federal third parties. Third party in-kind contributions may be in the form of real property, equipment, supplies and other expendable property, and the value of goods and services directly benefiting and specifically identifiable to the project or program.                                     

                                        (ll)                                         *Unliquidated obligations, for financial reports prepared on a cash basis*, means the amount of obligations incurred by the recipient that have not                                               ( print page 52264)                                            been paid. For reports prepared on an accrued expenditure basis, they represent the amount of obligations incurred by the recipient for which an outlay has not been recorded.                                     

                                        (mm)                                         *Unobligated balance*                                         means the portion of the funds authorized by the Federal awarding agency that has not been obligated by the recipient and is determined by deducting the cumulative obligations from the cumulative funds authorized.                                     

                                        (nn)                                         *Unrecovered indirect cost*                                         means the difference between the amount awarded and the amount, which could have been awarded under the recipient's approved negotiated indirect cost rate.                                     

                                        (oo)                                         *Working capital advance*                                         means a procedure where by funds are advanced to the recipient to cover its estimated disbursement needs for a given initial period.                                     
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.3 

For awards subject to this part, all administrative requirements of codified program regulations, program manuals, handbooks and other nonregulatory materials which are inconsistent with the requirements of this part shall be superseded, except to the extent they are required by statute, or authorized in accordance with the deviations provision in § 49.4. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.4 

The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) may grant exceptions for classes of grants or recipients subject to the requirements of this part when exceptions are not prohibited by statute. However, in the interest of maximum uniformity, exceptions from the requirements of this part shall be permitted only in unusual circumstances. Federal awarding agencies may apply more restrictive requirements to a class of recipients when approved by OMB. Federal awarding agencies may apply less restrictive requirements when awarding small awards, except for those requirements, which are statutory. Exceptions on a case-by-case basis may also be made by Federal awarding agencies. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.5 

Unless sections of this part specifically exclude subrecipients from coverage, the provisions of this part shall be applied to subrecipients performing work under awards if such subrecipients are institutions of higher education, hospitals or other non-profit organizations. State and local government subrecipients are subject to the provisions of regulations in part 43 of this chapter. 
Pub. L. 104-156

# Subpart B—Pre-Award Requirements 

§ 49.10 

Sections 49.11 through 49.17 prescribes forms and instructions and other pre-award matters to be used in applying for Federal awards. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.11 

                                        (a)                                         *Use of grants and cooperative agreements, and contracts.*                                         In each instance, the Federal awarding agency shall decide on the appropriate award instrument (i.e., grant, cooperative agreement, or contract). The Federal Grant and Cooperative Agreement Act (31 U.S.C. 6301-08) governs the use of grants, cooperative agreements and contracts. A grant or cooperative agreement shall be used only when the principal purpose of a transaction is to accomplish a public purpose of support or stimulation authorized by Federal statute. The statutory criterion for choosing between grants and cooperative agreements is that for the latter, “substantial involvement is expected between the executive agency and the State, local government, or other recipient when carrying out the activity contemplated in the agreement.” Contracts shall be used when the principal purpose is acquisition of property or services for the direct benefit or use of the Federal Government.                                     

                                        (b)                                         *Public notice and priority setting.*                                         Federal awarding agencies shall notify the public of its intended funding priorities for discretionary grant programs, unless funding priorities are established by Federal statute.                                     
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.12 

(a) Federal awarding agencies shall comply with the applicable report clearance requirements of 5 CFR part 1320, “Controlling Paperwork Burdens on the Public,” with regard to all forms used by the Federal awarding agency in place of or as a supplement to the Standard Form 424 (SF-424) series. 

(b) Applicants shall use the SF-424 series or those forms and instructions prescribed by the Federal awarding agency. 

(c) For Federal programs covered by E.O. 12372, “Intergovernmental Review of Federal Programs,” the applicant shall complete the appropriate sections of the SF-424 (Application for Federal Assistance) indicating whether the application was subject to review by the State Single Point of Contact (SPOC). The name and address of the SPOC for a particular State can be obtained from the Federal awarding agency or the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance. The SPOC shall advise the applicant whether the program for which application is made has been selected by that State for review. 

(d) Federal awarding agencies that do not use the SF-424 form should indicate whether the application is subject to review by the State under E.O. 12372. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.13 

Federal awarding agencies and recipients shall comply with part 44 of this chapter, which restricts subawards and contracts with certain parties that are debarred, suspended or otherwise excluded from or ineligible for participation in Federal assistance programs or activities. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.14 

If an applicant or recipient has a history of poor performance, is not financially stable, has a management system that does not meet the standards prescribed in this part, has not conformed to the terms and conditions of a previous award, or is not otherwise responsible, Federal awarding agencies may impose additional requirements as needed, provided that such applicant or recipient is notified in writing as to: the nature of the additional requirements, the reason why the additional requirements are being imposed, the nature of the corrective action needed, the time allowed for completing the corrective actions, and the method for requesting reconsideration of the additional requirements imposed. Any special conditions shall be promptly removed once the conditions that prompted them have been corrected. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.15 

                                        The Metric Conversion Act, as amended by the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act (15 U.S.C. 205) declares that the metric system is the preferred measurement system for U.S. trade and commerce. The Act requires each Federal agency to establish a date or dates in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, when the metric system of measurement will be used in the agency's procurements, grants, and other business-related activities. Metric implementation may take longer where                                               ( print page 52265)                                            the use of the system is initially impractical or likely to cause significant inefficiencies in the accomplishment of federally-funded activities. Federal awarding agencies shall follow the provisions of E.O. 12770, “Metric Usage in Federal Government Programs.”                                     
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.16 

Under the RCRA (Pub. L. 94-580, codified at 42 U.S.C. 6962), any State agency or agency of a political subdivision of a State which is using appropriated Federal funds must comply with Section 6002. Section 6002 requires that preference be given in procurement programs to the purchase of specific products containing recycled materials identified in guidelines developed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (40 CFR parts 247-254). Accordingly, State and local institutions of higher education, hospitals, and non-profit organizations that receive direct Federal awards or other Federal funds shall give preference in their procurement programs funded with Federal funds to the purchase of recycled products pursuant to the EPA guidelines. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.17 

Unless prohibited by statute or codified regulation, each Federal awarding agency is authorized and encouraged to allow recipients to submit certifications and representations required by statute, executive order, or regulation on an annual basis, if the recipients have ongoing and continuing relationships with the agency. Annual certifications and representations shall be signed by responsible officials with the authority to ensure recipients' compliance with the pertinent requirements. 
Pub. L. 104-156

# Subpart C—Post-Award Requirements 

## Financial and Program Management 

§ 49.20 

Sections 49.21 through 49.28 prescribe standards for financial management systems, methods for making payments and rules for: satisfying cost sharing and matching requirements, accounting for program income, budget revision approvals, making audits, determining allowability of cost, and establishing fund availability. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.21 

(a) Federal awarding agencies shall require recipients to relate financial data to performance data and develop unit cost information whenever practical. 

(b) Recipients' financial management systems shall provide for the following. 

(1) Accurate, current and complete disclosure of the financial results of each federally-sponsored project or program in accordance with the reporting requirements set forth in § 49.52. If a Federal awarding agency requires reporting on an accrual basis from a recipient that maintains its records on other than an accrual basis, the recipient shall not be required to establish an accrual accounting system. These recipients may develop such accrual data for its reports on the basis of an analysis of the documentation on hand. 

(2) Records that identify adequately the source and application of funds for federally-sponsored activities. These records shall contain information pertaining to Federal awards, authorizations, obligations, unobligated balances, assets, outlays, income and interest. 

(3) Effective control over and accountability for all funds, property and other assets. Recipients shall adequately safeguard all such assets and assure they are used solely for authorized purposes. 

(4) Comparison of outlays with budget amounts for each award. Whenever appropriate, financial information should be related to performance and unit cost data. 

(5) Written procedures to minimize the time elapsing between the transfer of funds to the recipient from the U.S. Treasury and the issuance or redemption of checks, warrants or payments by other means for program purposes by the recipient. To the extent that the provisions of the Cash Management Improvement Act (CMIA) (Pub. L. 101-453) govern, payment methods of State agencies, instrumentalities, and fiscal agents shall be consistent with CMIA Treasury-State Agreements or the CMIA default procedures codified at 31 CFR part 205, “Withdrawal of Cash from the Treasury for Advances under Federal Grant and Other Programs.” 

(6) Written procedures for determining the reasonableness, allocability and allowability of costs in accordance with the provisions of the applicable Federal cost principles and the terms and conditions of the award. 

(7) Accounting records including cost accounting records that are supported by source documentation. 

(c) Where the Federal Government guarantees or insures the repayment of money borrowed by the recipient, the Federal awarding agency, at its discretion, may require adequate bonding and insurance if the bonding and insurance requirements of the recipient are not deemed adequate to protect the interest of the Federal Government. 

(d) The Federal awarding agency may require adequate fidelity bond coverage where the recipient lacks sufficient coverage to protect the Federal Government's interest. 

(e) Where bonds are required in the situations described in paragraphs (a) through (d) of this section, the bonds shall be obtained from companies holding certificates of authority as acceptable sureties, as prescribed in 31 CFR part 223, “Surety Companies Doing Business with the United States.” 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.22 

(a) Payment methods shall minimize the time elapsing between the transfer of funds from the United States Treasury and the issuance or redemption of checks, warrants, or payment by other means by the recipients. Payment methods of State agencies or instrumentalities shall be consistent with Treasury-State CMIA agreements or default procedures codified at 31 CFR part 205. 

(b) Recipients are to be paid in advance, provided they maintain or demonstrate the willingness to maintain written procedures that minimize the time elapsing between the transfer of funds and disbursement by the recipient, and financial management systems that meet the standards for fund control and accountability as established in § 49.21. Cash advances to a recipient organization shall be limited to the minimum amounts needed and be timed to be in accordance with the actual, immediate cash requirements of the recipient organization in carrying out the purpose of the approved program or project. The timing and amount of cash advances shall be as close as is administratively feasible to the actual disbursements by the recipient organization for direct program or project costs and the proportionate share of any allowable indirect costs. 

(c) Whenever possible, advances shall be consolidated to cover anticipated cash needs for all awards made by the Federal awarding agency to the recipient. 

                                        (1) Advance payment mechanisms include, but are not limited to, Treasury check and electronic funds transfer.                                               ( print page 52266)    

(2) Advance payment mechanisms are subject to 31 CFR part 205. 

(3) Recipients shall be authorized to submit requests for advances and reimbursements at least monthly when electronic fund transfers are not used. 

(d) Requests for Treasury check advance payment shall be submitted on SF-270, “Request for Advance or Reimbursement,” or other forms as may be authorized by OMB. This form is not to be used when Treasury check advance payments are made to the recipient automatically through the use of a predetermined payment schedule or if precluded by special Federal awarding agency instructions for electronic funds transfer. 

(e) Reimbursement is the preferred method when the requirements in paragraph (b) of this section cannot be met. Federal awarding agencies may also use this method on any construction agreement, or if the major portion of the construction project is accomplished through private market financing or Federal loans, and the Federal assistance constitutes a minor portion of the project. 

(1) When the reimbursement method is used, the Federal awarding agency shall make payment within 30 days after receipt of the billing, unless the billing is improper. 

(2) Recipients shall be authorized to submit request for reimbursement at least monthly when electronic funds transfers are not used. 

(f) If a recipient cannot meet the criteria for advance payments and the Federal awarding agency has determined that reimbursement is not feasible because the recipient lacks sufficient working capital, the Federal awarding agency may provide cash on a working capital advance basis. Under this procedure, the Federal awarding agency shall advance cash to the recipient to cover its estimated disbursement needs for an initial period generally geared to the awardee's disbursing cycle. Thereafter, the Federal awarding agency shall reimburse the recipient for its actual cash disbursements. The working capital advance method of payment shall not be used for recipients unwilling or unable to provide timely advances to their subrecipient to meet the subrecipient's actual cash disbursements. 

(g) To the extent available, recipients shall disburse funds available from repayments to and interest earned on a revolving fund, program income, rebates, refunds, contract settlements, audit recoveries and interest earned on such funds before requesting additional cash payments. 

(h) Unless otherwise required by statute, Federal awarding agencies shall not withhold payments for proper charges made by recipients at any time during the project period unless either of the following conditions apply. 

(1) A recipient has failed to comply with the project objectives, the terms and conditions of the award, or Federal reporting requirements. 

(2) The recipient or subrecipient is delinquent in a debt to the United States as defined in OMB Circular A-129, “Managing Federal Credit Programs.” Under such conditions, the Federal awarding agency may, upon reasonable notice, inform the recipient that payments shall not be made for obligations incurred after a specified date until the conditions are corrected or the indebtedness to the Federal Government is liquidated. 

(i) Standards governing the use of banks and other institutions as depositories of funds advanced under awards are as follows. 

(1) Except for situations described in paragraph (i)(2) of this section, Federal awarding agencies shall not require separate depository accounts for funds provided to a recipient or establish any eligibility requirements for depositories for funds provided to a recipient. However, recipients must be able to account for the receipt, obligation and expenditure of funds. 

(2) Advances of Federal funds shall be deposited and maintained in insured accounts whenever possible. 

(j) Consistent with the national goal of expanding the opportunities for women-owned and minority-owned business enterprises, recipients shall be encouraged to use women-owned and minority-owned banks (a bank which is owned at least 50 percent by women or minority group members). 

(k) Recipients shall maintain advances of Federal funds in interest bearing accounts, unless any of the following conditions apply. 

(1) The recipient receives less than $120,000 in Federal awards per year. 

(2) The best reasonably available interest bearing account would not be expected to earn interest in excess of $250 per year on Federal cash balances. 

(3) The depository would require an average or minimum balance so high that it would not be feasible within the expected Federal and non-Federal cash resources. 

(l) For those entities where CMIA and its implementing regulations do not apply, interest earned on Federal advances deposited in interest bearing accounts shall be remitted annually to Department of Health and Human Services, Payment Management System, Rockville, MD 20852. Interest amounts up to $250 per year may be retained by the recipient for administrative expense. State universities and hospitals shall comply with CMIA, as it pertains to interest. If an entity subject to CMIA uses its own funds to pay pre-award costs for discretionary awards without prior written approval from the Federal awarding agency, it waives its right to recover the interest under CMIA. 

(m) Except as noted elsewhere in this part, only the following forms shall be authorized for the recipients in requesting advances and reimbursements. Federal agencies shall not require more than an original and two copies of these forms. 

(1) SF-270, Request for Advance or Reimbursement. Each Federal awarding agency shall adopt the SF-270 as a standard form for all nonconstruction programs when electronic funds transfer or predetermined advance methods are not used. Federal awarding agencies, however, have the option of using this form for construction programs in lieu of the SF-271, “Outlay Report and Request for Reimbursement for Construction Programs.” 

(2) SF-271, Outlay Report and Request for Reimbursement for Construction Programs. Each Federal awarding agency shall adopt the SF-271 as the standard form to be used for requesting reimbursement for construction programs. However, a Federal awarding agency may substitute the SF-270 when the Federal awarding agency determines that it provides adequate information to meet Federal needs. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.23 

(a) All contributions, including cash and third party in-kind, shall be accepted as part of the recipient's cost sharing or matching when such contributions meet all of the following criteria. 

(1) Are verifiable from the recipient's records. 

(2) Are not included as contributions for any other federally-assisted project or program. 

(3) Are necessary and reasonable for proper and efficient accomplishment of project or program objectives. 

(4) Are allowable under the applicable cost principles. 

(5) Are not paid by the Federal Government under another award, except where authorized by Federal statute to be used for cost sharing or matching. 

                                        (6) Are provided for in the approved budget when required by the Federal awarding agency.                                               ( print page 52267)    

(7) Conform to other provisions of this part, as applicable. 

(b) Unrecovered indirect costs may be included as part of cost sharing or matching only with the prior approval of the Federal awarding agency. 

(c) Values for recipient contributions of services and property shall be established in accordance with the applicable cost principles. If a Federal awarding agency authorizes recipients to donate buildings or land for construction/facilities acquisition projects or long-term use, the value of the donated property for cost sharing or matching shall be the lesser of the following. 

(1) The certified value of the remaining life of the property recorded in the recipient's accounting records at the time of donation. 

(2) The current fair market value. However, when there is sufficient justification, the Federal awarding agency may approve the use of the current fair market value of the donated property, even if it exceeds the certified value at the time of donation to the project. 

(d) Volunteer services furnished by professional and technical personnel, consultants, and other skilled and unskilled labor may be counted as cost sharing or matching if the service is an integral and necessary part of an approved project or program. Rates for volunteer services shall be consistent with those paid for similar work in the recipient's organization. In those instances in which the required skills are not found in the recipient organization, rates shall be consistent with those paid for similar work in the labor market in which the recipient competes for the kind of services involved. In either case, paid fringe benefits that are reasonable, allowable, and allocable may be included in the valuation. 

(e) When an employer other than the recipient furnishes the services of an employee, these services shall be valued at the employee's regular rate of pay (plus an amount of fringe benefits that are reasonable, allowable, and allocable, but exclusive of overhead costs), provided these services are in the same skill for which the employee is normally paid. 

(f) Donated supplies may include such items as expendable equipment, office supplies, laboratory supplies or workshop and classroom supplies. Value assessed to donated supplies included in the cost sharing or matching share shall be reasonable and shall not exceed the fair market value of the property at the time of the donation. 

(g) The method used for determining cost sharing or matching for donated equipment, buildings and land for which title passes to the recipient may differ according to the purpose of the award, if either of the following conditions apply. 

(1) If the purpose of the award is to assist the recipient in the acquisition of equipment, buildings or land, the total value of the donated property may be claimed as cost sharing or matching. 

(2) If the purpose of the award is to support activities that require the use of equipment, buildings or land, normally only depreciation or use charges for equipment and buildings may be made. However, the full value of equipment or other capital assets and fair rental charges for land may be allowed, provided that the Federal awarding agency has approved the charges. 

(h) The value of donated property shall be determined in accordance with the usual accounting policies of the recipient, with the following qualifications. 

                                        (1) The value of donated land and buildings shall not exceed its fair market value at the time of donation to the recipient as established by an independent appraiser (                                        *e.g.*, certified real property appraiser or General Services Administration representative) and certified by a responsible official of the recipient.                                     

(2) The value of donated equipment shall not exceed the fair market value of equipment of the same age and condition at the time of donation. 

(3) The value of donated space shall not exceed the fair rental value of comparable space as established by an independent appraisal of comparable space and facilities in a privately-owned building in the same locality. 

(4) The value of loaned equipment shall not exceed its fair rental value. 

(5) The following requirements pertain to the recipient's supporting records for in-kind contributions from third parties. 

(i) Volunteer services shall be documented and, to the extent feasible, supported by the same methods used by the recipient for its own employees. 

(ii) The basis for determining the valuation for personal service, material, equipment, buildings and land shall be documented. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.24 

(a) Federal awarding agencies shall apply the standards set forth in this section in requiring recipient organizations to account for program income related to projects financed in whole or in part with Federal funds. 

(b) Except as provided in paragraph (h) of this section, program income earned during the project period shall be retained by the recipient and, in accordance with Federal awarding agency regulations or the terms and conditions of the award, shall be used in one or more of the ways listed in the following: 

(1) Added to funds committed to the project by the Federal awarding agency and recipient and used to further eligible project or program objectives. 

(2) Used to finance the non-Federal share of the project or program. 

(3) Deducted from the total project or program allowable cost in determining the net allowable costs on which the Federal share of costs is based. 

(c) When an agency authorizes the disposition of program income as described in paragraphs (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this section, program income in excess of any limits stipulated shall be used in accordance with paragraph (b)(3) of this section. 

(d) In the event that the Federal awarding agency does not specify in its regulations or the terms and conditions of the award how program income is to be used, paragraph (b)(3) of this section shall apply automatically to all projects or programs except research. For awards that support research, paragraph (b)(1) of this section shall apply automatically unless the awarding agency indicates in the terms and conditions another alternative on the award or the recipient is subject to special award conditions, as indicated in § 49.14. 

(e) Unless Federal awarding agency regulations or the terms and conditions of the award provide otherwise, recipients shall have no obligation to the Federal Government regarding program income earned after the end of the project period. 

(f) If authorized by Federal awarding agency regulations or the terms and conditions of the award, costs incident to the generation of program income may be deducted from gross income to determine program income, provided these costs have not been charged to the award. 

(g) Proceeds from the sale of property shall be handled in accordance with the requirements of the Property Standards (See §§ 49.30 through 49.37). 

                                        (h) Unless Federal awarding agency regulations or the terms and condition of the award provide otherwise, recipients shall have no obligation to the Federal Government with respect to program income earned from license fees and royalties for copyrighted material, patents, patent applications, trademarks, and inventions produced under an award. However, Patent and                                               ( print page 52268)                                            Trademark Amendments (35 U.S.C. 18) apply to inventions made under an experimental, developmental, or research award.                                     
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.25 

(a) The budget plan is the financial expression of the project or program as approved during the award process. It may include either the Federal and non-Federal share, or only the Federal share, depending upon Federal awarding agency requirements. It shall be related to performance for program evaluation purposes whenever appropriate. 

(b) Recipients are required to report deviations from budget and program plans, and request prior approvals for budget and program plan revisions, in accordance with this section. 

(c) For nonconstruction awards, recipients shall request prior approvals from Federal awarding agencies for one or more of the following program or budget related reasons. 

(1) Change in the scope or the objective of the project or program (even if there is no associated budget revision requiring prior written approval). 

(2) Change in a key person specified in the application or award document. 

(3) The absence for more than three months, or a 25 percent reduction in time devoted to the project, by the approved project director or principal investigator. 

(4) The need for additional Federal funding. 

(5) The transfer of amounts budgeted for indirect costs to absorb increases in direct costs, or vice versa, if approval is required by the Federal awarding agency. 

(6) The inclusion, unless waived by the Federal awarding agency, of costs that require prior approval in accordance with OMB Circular A-21, “Cost Principles for Educational Institutions,” OMB Circular A-122, “Cost Principles for Non-Profit Organizations,” or 45 CFR part 74 Appendix E, “Principles for Determining Costs Applicable to Research and Development under Grants and Contracts with Hospitals,” or 48 CFR part 31, “Contract Cost Principles and Procedures,” as applicable. 

(7) The transfer of funds allotted for training allowances (direct payment to trainees) to other categories of expense. 

(8) Unless described in the application and funded in the approved awards, the subaward, transfer or contracting out of any work under an award. This provision does not apply to the purchase of supplies, material, equipment or general support services. 

(d) No other prior approval requirements for specific items may be imposed unless a deviation has been approved by OMB. 

(e) Except for requirements listed in paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(4) of this section, Federal awarding agencies are authorized, at their option, to waive cost-related and administrative prior written approvals required by this part and OMB Circulars A-21 and A-122. Such waivers may include authorizing recipients to do any one or more of the following. 

                                        (1) Incur pre-award costs 90 calendar days prior to award or more than 90 calendar days with the prior approval of the Federal awarding agency. All pre-award costs are incurred at the recipient's risk (                                        *i.e.*, the Federal awarding agency is under no obligation to reimburse such costs if for any reason the recipient does not receive an award or if the award is less than anticipated and inadequate to cover such costs).                                     

(2) Initiate a one-time extension of the expiration date of the award of up to 12 months unless one or more of the following conditions apply. For one-time extensions, the recipient must notify the Federal awarding agency in writing with the supporting reasons and revised expiration date at least 10 days before the expiration date specified in the award. This one-time extension may not be exercised merely for the purpose of using unobligated balances. 

(i) The terms and conditions of award prohibit the extension. 

(ii) The extension requires additional Federal funds. 

(iii) The extension involves any change in the approved objectives or scope of the project. 

(3) Carry forward unobligated balances to subsequent funding periods. 

                                        (4) For awards that support research, unless the Federal awarding agency provides otherwise in the award or in the agency's regulations, the prior approval requirements described in paragraph (e) of this section are automatically waived (                                        *i.e.*, recipients need not obtain such prior approvals) unless one of the conditions included in paragraph (e)(2) of this section applies.                                     

(f) The Federal awarding agency may, at its option, restrict the transfer of funds among direct cost categories or programs, functions and activities for awards in which the Federal share of the project exceeds $100,000 and the cumulative amount of such transfers exceeds or is expected to exceed 10 percent of the total budget as last approved by the Federal awarding agency. No Federal awarding agency shall permit a transfer that would cause any Federal appropriation or part thereof to be used for purposes other than those consistent with the original intent of the appropriation. 

(g) All other changes to nonconstruction budgets, except for the changes described in paragraph (j) of this section, do not require prior approval. 

(h) For construction awards, recipients shall request prior written approval promptly from Federal awarding agencies for budget revisions whenever any of the following conditions apply. 

(1) The revision results from changes in the scope or the objective of the project or program. 

(2) The need arises for additional Federal funds to complete the project. 

(3) A revision is desired which involves specific costs for which prior written approval requirements may be imposed consistent with applicable OMB cost principles listed in § 49.27. 

(i) No other prior approval requirements for specific items may be imposed unless a deviation has been approved by OMB. 

(j) When a Federal awarding agency makes an award that provides support for both construction and nonconstruction work, the Federal awarding agency may require the recipient to request prior approval from the Federal awarding agency before making any fund or budget transfers between the two types of work supported. 

(k) For both construction and nonconstruction awards, Federal awarding agencies shall require recipients to notify the Federal awarding agency in writing promptly whenever the amount of Federal authorized funds is expected to exceed the needs of the recipient for the project period by more than $5000 or five percent of the Federal award, whichever is greater. This notification shall not be required if an application for additional funding is submitted for a continuation award. 

(l) When requesting approval for budget revisions, recipients shall use the budget forms that were used in the application unless the Federal awarding agency indicates a letter of request suffices. 

                                        (m) Within 30 calendar days from the date of receipt of the request for budget revisions, Federal awarding agencies shall review the request and notify the recipient whether the budget revisions have been approved. If the revision is still under consideration at the end of 30 calendar days, the Federal awarding agency shall inform the recipient in                                               ( print page 52269)                                            writing of the date when the recipient may expect the decision.                                     
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.26 

(a) Recipients and subrecipients that are institutions of higher education or other non-profit organizations (including hospitals) shall be subject to the audit requirements contained in the Single Audit Act Amendments of 1996 (31 U.S.C. 7501-7507) and revised OMB Circular A-133, “Audits of States, Local Governments, and Non-Profit Organizations.” 

(b) State and local governments shall be subject to the audit requirements contained in the Single Audit Act Amendments of 1996 (31 U.S.C. 7501-7507) and revised OMB Circular A-133, “Audits of States, Local Governments, and Non-Profit Organizations.” 

(c) For-profit hospitals not covered by the audit provisions of revised OMB Circular A-133 shall be subject to the audit requirements of the Federal awarding agencies. 

(d) Commercial organizations shall be subject to the audit requirements of the Federal awarding agency or the prime recipient as incorporated into the award document. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.27 

For each kind of recipient, there is a set of Federal principles for determining allowable costs. Allowability of costs shall be determined in accordance with the cost principles applicable to the entity incurring the costs. Thus, allowability of costs incurred by State, local or federally-recognized Indian tribal governments is determined in accordance with the provisions of OMB Circular A-87, “Cost Principles for State, Local, and Indian Tribal Governments.” The allowability of costs incurred by non-profit organizations is determined in accordance with the provisions of OMB Circular A-122, “Cost Principles for Non-Profit Organizations.” The allowability of costs incurred by institutions of higher education is determined in accordance with the provisions of OMB Circular A-21, “Cost Principles for Educational Institutions.” The allowability of costs incurred by hospitals is determined in accordance with the provisions of Appendix E of 45 CFR part 74, “Principles for Determining Costs Applicable to Research and Development Under Grants and Contracts with Hospitals.” The allowability of costs incurred by commercial organizations and those non-profit organizations listed in Attachment C to Circular A-122 is determined in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) at 48 CFR part 31. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.28 

Where a funding period is specified, a recipient may charge to the grant only allowable costs resulting from obligations incurred during the funding period and any pre-award costs authorized by the Federal awarding agency. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.29 

(a) OMB authorizes conditional exemption from OMB administrative requirements and cost principles circulars for certain Federal programs with statutorily-authorized consolidated planning and consolidated administrative funding, that are identified by a Federal agency and approved by the head of the Executive department or establishment. A Federal agency shall consult with OMB during its consideration of whether to grant such an exemption. 

(b) To promote efficiency in State and local program administration, when Federal non-entitlement programs with common purposes have specific statutorily-authorized consolidated planning and consolidated administrative funding and where most of the State agency's resources come from non-Federal sources, Federal agencies may exempt these covered State-administered, non-entitlement grant programs from certain OMB grants management requirements. The exemptions would be from all but the allocability of costs provisions of OMB Circulars A-87 (Attachment A, subsection C.3), “Cost Principles for State, Local, and Indian Tribal Governments,” A-21 (Section C, subpart 4), “Cost Principles for Educational Institutions,” and A-122 (Attachment A, subsection A.4), “Cost Principles for Non-Profit Organizations,” and from all of the administrative requirements provisions of OMB Circular A-110, “Uniform Administrative Requirements for Grants and Agreements with Institutions of Higher Education, Hospitals, and Other Non-Profit Organizations,” and part 43 of this chapter. 

(c) When a Federal agency provides this flexibility, as a prerequisite to a State's exercising this option, a State must adopt its own written fiscal and administrative requirements for expending and accounting for all funds, which are consistent with the provisions of OMB Circular A-87, and extend such policies to all subrecipients. These fiscal and administrative requirements must be sufficiently specific to ensure that: Funds are used in compliance with all applicable Federal statutory and regulatory provisions, costs are reasonable and necessary for operating these programs, and funds are not be used for general expenses required to carry out other responsibilities of a State or its subrecipients. 
Pub. L. 104-156

## Property Standards 

§ 49.30 

Sections 49.31 through 49.37 set forth uniform standards governing management and disposition of property furnished by the Federal Government whose cost was charged to a project supported by a Federal award. Federal awarding agencies shall require recipients to observe these standards under awards and shall not impose additional requirements, unless specifically required by Federal statute. The recipient may use its own property management standards and procedures provided it observes the provisions of §§ 49.31 through 49.37. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.31 

Recipients shall, at a minimum, provide the equivalent insurance coverage for real property and equipment acquired with Federal funds as provided to property owned by the recipient. Federally-owned property need not be insured unless required by the terms and conditions of the award. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.32 

Each Federal awarding agency shall prescribe requirements for recipients concerning the use and disposition of real property acquired in whole or in part under awards. Unless otherwise provided by statute, such requirements, at a minimum, shall contain the following: 

(a) Title to real property shall vest in the recipient subject to the condition that the recipient shall use the real property for the authorized purpose of the project as long as it is needed and shall not encumber the property without approval of the Federal awarding agency. 

                                        (b) The recipient shall obtain written approval by the Federal awarding agency for the use of real property in other federally-sponsored projects when the recipient determines that the property is no longer needed for the                                               ( print page 52270)                                            purpose of the original project. Use in other projects shall be limited to those under federally-sponsored projects (                                        *i.e.*, awards) or programs that have purposes consistent with those authorized for support by the Federal awarding agency.                                     

(c) When the real property is no longer needed as provided in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, the recipient shall request disposition instructions from the Federal awarding agency or its successor Federal awarding agency. The Federal awarding agency shall observe one or more of the following disposition instructions. 

(1) The recipient may be permitted to retain title without further obligation to the Federal Government after it compensates the Federal Government for that percentage of the current fair market value of the property attributable to the Federal participation in the project. 

(2) The recipient may be directed to sell the property under guidelines provided by the Federal awarding agency and pay the Federal Government for that percentage of the current fair market value of the property attributable to the Federal participation in the project (after deducting actual and reasonable selling and fix-up expenses, if any, from the sales proceeds). When the recipient is authorized or required to sell the property, proper sales procedures shall be established that provide for competition to the extent practicable and result in the highest possible return. 

(3) The recipient may be directed to transfer title to the property to the Federal Government or to an eligible third party provided that, in such cases, the recipient shall be entitled to compensation for its attributable percentage of the current fair market value of the property. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.33 

                                        (a)                                         *Federally-owned property.*                                         (1) Title to federally-owned property remains vested in the Federal Government. Recipients shall submit annually an inventory listing of federally-owned property in their custody to the Federal awarding agency. Upon completion of the award or when the property is no longer needed, the recipient shall report the property to the Federal awarding agency for further Federal agency utilization.                                     

                                        (2) If the Federal awarding agency has no further need for the property, it shall be declared excess and reported to the General Services Administration, unless the Federal awarding agency has statutory authority to dispose of the property by alternative methods (                                        *e.g.*, the authority provided by the Federal Technology Transfer Act (15 U.S.C. 3710(I)) to donate research equipment to educational and non-profit organizations in accordance with E.O. 12821, “Improving Mathematics and Science Education in Support of the National Education Goals.”) Appropriate instructions shall be issued to the recipient by the Federal awarding agency.                                     

                                        (b)                                         *Exempt property.*                                         When statutory authority exists, the Federal awarding agency has the option to vest title to property acquired with Federal funds in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government and under conditions the Federal awarding agency considers appropriate. Such property is “exempt property.” Should a Federal awarding agency not establish conditions, title to exempt property upon acquisition shall vest in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government.                                     
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.34 

(a) Title to equipment acquired by a recipient with Federal funds shall vest in the recipient, subject to conditions of this section. 

(b) The recipient shall not use equipment acquired with Federal funds to provide services to non-Federal outside organizations for a fee that is less than private companies charge for equivalent services, unless specifically authorized by Federal statute, for as long as the Federal Government retains an interest in the equipment. 

(c) The recipient shall use the equipment in the project or program for which it was acquired as long as needed, whether or not the project or program continues to be supported by Federal funds and shall not encumber the property without approval of the Federal awarding agency. When no longer needed for the original project or program, the recipient shall use the equipment in connection with its other federally-sponsored activities, in the following order of priority: 

(1) Activities sponsored by the Federal awarding agency, which funded the original project, then 

(2) Activities sponsored by other Federal awarding agencies. 

(d) During the time that equipment is used on the project or program for which it was acquired, the recipient shall make it available for use on other projects or programs if such other use will not interfere with the work on the project or program for which the equipment was originally acquired. First preference for such other use shall be given to other projects or programs sponsored by the Federal awarding agency that financed the equipment; second preference shall be given to projects or programs sponsored by other Federal awarding agencies. If the equipment is owned by the Federal Government, use on other activities not sponsored by the Federal Government shall be permissible if authorized by the Federal awarding agency. User charges shall be treated as program income. 

(e) When acquiring replacement equipment, the recipient may use the equipment to be replaced as trade-in or sell the equipment and use the proceeds to offset the costs of the replacement equipment subject to the approval of the Federal awarding agency. 

(f) The recipient's property management standards for equipment acquired with Federal funds and federally-owned equipment shall include all of the following. 

(1) Equipment records shall be maintained accurately and shall include the following information. 

(i) A description of the equipment. 

(ii) Manufacturer's serial number, model number, Federal stock number, national stock number, or other identification number. 

(iii) Source of the equipment, including the award number. 

(iv) Whether title vests in the recipient or the Federal Government. 

(v) Acquisition date (or date received, if the equipment was furnished by the Federal Government) and cost. 

(vi) Information from which one can calculate the percentage of Federal participation in the cost of the equipment (not applicable to equipment furnished by the Federal Government). 

(vii) Location and condition of the equipment and the date the information was reported. 

(viii) Unit acquisition cost. 

(ix) Ultimate disposition data, including date of disposal and sales price or the method used to determine current fair market value where a recipient compensates the Federal awarding agency for its share. 

(2) Equipment owned by the Federal Government shall be identified to indicate Federal ownership. 

                                        (3) A physical inventory of equipment shall be taken and the results reconciled with the equipment records at least once every two years. Any differences between quantities determined by the physical inspection and those shown in the accounting records shall be investigated to determine the causes of the difference. The recipient shall, in connection with the inventory, verify the existence, current utilization, and continued need for the equipment.                                               ( print page 52271)    

(4) A control system shall be in effect to insure adequate safeguards to prevent loss, damage, or theft of the equipment. Any loss, damage, or theft of equipment shall be investigated and fully documented; if the equipment was owned by the Federal Government, the recipient shall promptly notify the Federal awarding agency. 

(5) Adequate maintenance procedures shall be implemented to keep the equipment in good condition. 

(6) Where the recipient is authorized or required to sell the equipment, proper sales procedures shall be established which provide for competition to the extent practicable and result in the highest possible return. 

(g) When the recipient no longer needs the equipment, the equipment may be used for other activities in accordance with the following standards. For equipment with a current per unit fair market value of $5000 or more, the recipient may retain the equipment for other uses provided that compensation is made to the original Federal awarding agency or its successor. The amount of compensation shall be computed by applying the percentage of Federal participation in the cost of the original project or program to the current fair market value of the equipment. If the recipient has no need for the equipment, the recipient shall request disposition instructions from the Federal awarding agency. The Federal awarding agency shall determine whether the equipment can be used to meet the agency's requirements. If no requirement exists within that agency, the availability of the equipment shall be reported to the General Services Administration by the Federal awarding agency to determine whether a requirement for the equipment exists in other Federal agencies. The Federal awarding agency shall issue instructions to the recipient no later than 120 calendar days after the recipient's request and the following procedures shall govern. 

(1) If so instructed or if disposition instructions are not issued within 120 calendar days after the recipient's request, the recipient shall sell the equipment and reimburse the Federal awarding agency an amount computed by applying to the sales proceeds the percentage of Federal participation in the cost of the original project or program. However, the recipient shall be permitted to deduct and retain from the Federal share $500 or ten percent of the proceeds, whichever is less, for the recipient's selling and handling expenses. 

(2) If the recipient is instructed to ship the equipment elsewhere, the recipient shall be reimbursed by the Federal Government by an amount which is computed by applying the percentage of the recipient's participation in the cost of the original project or program to the current fair market value of the equipment, plus any reasonable shipping or interim storage costs incurred. 

(3) If the recipient is instructed to otherwise dispose of the equipment, the recipient shall be reimbursed by the Federal awarding agency for such costs incurred in its disposition. 

(4) The Federal awarding agency may reserve the right to transfer the title to the Federal Government or to a third party named by the Federal Government when such third party is otherwise eligible under existing statutes. Such transfer shall be subject to the following standards. 

(i) The equipment shall be appropriately identified in the award or otherwise made known to the recipient in writing. 

(ii) The Federal awarding agency shall issue disposition instructions within 120 calendar days after receipt of a final inventory. The final inventory shall list all equipment acquired with grant funds and federally-owned equipment. If the Federal awarding agency fails to issue disposition instructions within the 120 calendar day period, the recipient shall apply the standards of this section, as appropriate. 

(iii) When the Federal awarding agency exercises its right to take title, the equipment shall be subject to the provisions for federally-owned equipment. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.35 

(a) Title to supplies and other expendable property shall vest in the recipient upon acquisition. If there is a residual inventory of unused supplies exceeding $5000 in total aggregate value upon termination or completion of the project or program and the supplies are not needed for any other federally-sponsored project or program, the recipient shall retain the supplies for use on non-Federal sponsored activities or sell them, but shall, in either case, compensate the Federal Government for its share. The amount of compensation shall be computed in the same manner as for equipment. 

(b) The recipient shall not use supplies acquired with Federal funds to provide services to non-Federal outside organizations for a fee that is less than private companies charge for equivalent services, unless specifically authorized by Federal statute as long as the Federal Government retains an interest in the supplies. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.36 

(a) The recipient may copyright any work that is subject to copyright and was developed, or for which ownership was purchased, under an award. The Federal awarding agency(ies) reserve a royalty-free, nonexclusive and irrevocable right to reproduce, publish, or otherwise use the work for Federal purposes, and to authorize others to do so. 

(b) Recipients are subject to applicable regulations governing patents and inventions, including government-wide regulations issued by the Department of Commerce at 37 CFR part 401, “Rights to Inventions Made by Nonprofit Organizations and Small Business Firms Under Government Grants, Contracts and Cooperative Agreements.” 

(c) The Federal Government has the right to: 

(1) Obtain, reproduce, publish or otherwise use the data first produced under an award; and 

(2) Authorize others to receive, reproduce, publish, or otherwise use such data for Federal purposes. 

(d)(1) In addition, in response to a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request for research data relating to published research findings produced under an award that were used by the Federal Government in developing an agency action that has the force and effect of law, the Federal awarding agency shall request, and the recipient shall provide, within a reasonable time, the research data so that they can be made available to the public through the procedures established under the FOIA. If the Federal awarding agency obtains the research data solely in response to an FOIA request, the agency may charge the requester a reasonable fee equaling the full incremental cost of obtaining the research data. This fee should reflect costs incurred by the agency, the recipient, and applicable subrecipients. This fee is in addition to any fees the agency may assess under the FOIA (5 U.S.C. 522(a)(4)(A)). 

(2) The following definitions apply for purposes of paragraph (d) of this section: 

                                        (i)                                         *Research data*                                         is defined as the recorded factual material commonly accepted in the scientific community as necessary to validate research findings, but not any of the following: preliminary analyses, drafts of scientific papers, plans for future research, peer reviews, or communications with colleagues. This “recorded” material                                               ( print page 52272)                                            excludes physical objects (                                        *e.g.,*                                         laboratory samples). Research data also do not include:                                     

(A) Trade secrets, commercial information, materials necessary to be held confidential by a researcher until they are published, or similar information which is protected under law; and 

(B) Personnel and medical information and similar information the disclosure of which would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy, such as information that could be used to identify a particular person in a research study. 

                                        (ii)                                         *Published*                                         is defined as either when:                                     

(A) Research findings are published in a peer-reviewed scientific or technical journal; or 

(B) A Federal agency publicly and officially cites the research findings in support of an agency action that has the force and effect of law. 

(iii) Used by the Federal Government in developing an agency action that has the force and effect of law is defined as when an agency publicly and officially cites the research findings in support of an agency action that has the force and effect of law. 

(e) Title to intangible property and debt instruments acquired under an award or subaward vests upon acquisition in the recipient. The recipient shall use that property for the originally-authorized purpose, and the recipient shall not encumber the property without approval of the Federal awarding agency. When no longer needed for the originally authorized purpose, disposition of the intangible property shall occur in accordance with the provisions of § 49.34(g). 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.37 

Real property, equipment, intangible property and debt instruments that are acquired or improved with Federal funds shall be held in trust by the recipient as trustee for the beneficiaries of the project or program under which the property was acquired or improved. Agencies may require recipients to record liens or other appropriate notices of record to indicate that personal or real property has been acquired or improved with Federal funds and that use and disposition conditions apply to the property. 
Pub. L. 104-156

## Procurement Standards 

§ 49.40 

Sections 49.41 through 49.48 set forth standards for use by recipients in establishing procedures for the procurement of supplies and other expendable property, equipment, real property and other services with Federal funds. These standards are furnished to ensure that such materials and services are obtained in an effective manner and in compliance with the provisions of applicable Federal statutes and executive orders. No additional procurement standards or requirements shall be imposed by the Federal awarding agencies upon recipients, unless specifically required by Federal statute or executive order or approved by OMB. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.41 

The standards contained in §§ 49.41 through 49.48 do not relieve the recipient of the contractual responsibilities arising under its contract(s). The recipient is the responsible authority, without recourse to the Federal awarding agency, regarding the settlement and satisfaction of all contractual and administrative issues arising out of procurements entered into in support of an award or other agreement. This includes disputes, claims, protests of award, source evaluation or other matters of a contractual nature. Matters concerning violation of statute are to be referred to such Federal, State or local authority as may have proper jurisdiction. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.42 

The recipient shall maintain written standards of conduct governing the performance of its employees engaged in the award and administration of contracts. No employee, officer, or agent shall participate in the selection, award, or administration of a contract supported by Federal funds if a real or apparent conflict of interest would be involved. Such a conflict would arise when the employee, officer, or agent, any member of his or her immediate family, his or her partner, or an organization which employs or is about to employ any of the parties indicated herein, has a financial or other interest in the firm selected for an award. The officers, employees, and agents of the recipient shall neither solicit nor accept gratuities, favors, or anything of monetary value from contractors, or parties to subagreements. However, recipients may set standards for situations in which the financial interest is not substantial or the gift is an unsolicited item of nominal value. The standards of conduct shall provide for disciplinary actions to be applied for violations of such standards by officers, employees, or agents of the recipient. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.43 

All procurement transactions shall be conducted in a manner to provide, to the maximum extent practical, open and free competition. The recipient shall be alert to organizational conflicts of interest as well as noncompetitive practices among contractors that may restrict or eliminate competition or otherwise restrain trade. In order to ensure objective contractor performance and eliminate unfair competitive advantage, contractors that develop or draft specifications, requirements, statements of work, invitations for bids and/or requests for proposals shall be excluded from competing for such procurements. Awards shall be made to the bidder or offeror whose bid or offer is responsive to the solicitation and is most advantageous to the recipient, price, quality and other factors considered. Solicitations shall clearly set forth all requirements that the bidder or offeror shall fulfill in order for the bid or offer to be evaluated by the recipient. Any and all bids or offers may be rejected when it is in the recipient's interest to do so. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.44 

(a) All recipients shall establish written procurement procedures. These procedures shall provide for, at a minimum, that all of the following conditions apply. 

(1) Recipients avoid purchasing unnecessary items. 

(2) Where appropriate, an analysis is made of lease and purchase alternatives to determine which would be the most economical and practical procurement for the Federal Government. 

(3) Solicitations for goods and services provide for all of the following. 

(i) A clear and accurate description of the technical requirements for the material, product or service to be procured. In competitive procurements, such a description shall not contain features, which unduly restrict competition. 

(ii) Requirements, which the bidder/offeror must fulfill, and all other factors to be used in evaluating bids or proposals. 

                                        (iii) A description, whenever practicable, of technical requirements in                                               ( print page 52273)                                            terms of functions to be performed or performance required, including the range of acceptable characteristics or minimum acceptable standards.                                     

(iv) The specific features of “brand name or equal” descriptions that bidders are required to meet when such items are included in the solicitation. 

(v) The acceptance, to the extent practicable and economically feasible, of products and services dimensioned in the metric system of measurement. 

(vi) Preference, to the extent practicable and economically feasible, for products and services that conserve natural resources and protect the environment and are energy efficient. 

(b) Positive efforts shall be made by recipients to utilize small businesses, minority-owned firms, and women's business enterprises, whenever possible. Recipients of Federal awards shall take all of the following steps to further this goal. 

(1) Ensure that small businesses, minority-owned firms, and women's business enterprises are used to the fullest extent practicable. 

(2) Make information on forthcoming opportunities available and arrange time frames for purchases and contracts to encourage and facilitate participation by small businesses, minority-owned firms, and women's business enterprises. 

(3) Consider in the contract process whether firms competing for larger contracts intend to subcontract with small businesses, minority-owned firms, and women's business enterprises. 

(4) Encourage contracting with consortiums of small businesses, minority-owned firms and women's business enterprises when a contract is too large for one of these firms to handle individually. 

(5) Use the services and assistance, as appropriate, of such organizations as the Small Business Administration and the Department of Commerce's Minority Business Development Agency in the solicitation and utilization of small businesses, minority-owned firms and women's business enterprises. 

                                        (c) The type of procuring instruments used (                                        *e.g.*, fixed price contracts, cost reimbursable contracts, purchase orders, and incentive contracts) shall be determined by the recipient but shall be appropriate for the particular procurement and for promoting the best interest of the program or project involved. The “cost-plus-a-percentage-of-cost” or “percentage of construction cost” methods of contracting shall not be used.                                     

(d) Contracts shall be made only with responsible contractors who possess the potential ability to perform successfully under the terms and conditions of the proposed procurement. Consideration shall be given to such matters as contractor integrity, record of past performance, financial and technical resources or accessibility to other necessary resources. In certain circumstances, contracts with certain parties are restricted by agencies' implementation of E.O.s 12549 and 12689, “Debarment and Suspension.” 

(e) Recipients shall, on request, make available for the Federal awarding agency, pre-award review and procurement documents, such as request for proposals or invitations for bids, independent cost estimates, etc., when any of the following conditions apply. 

(1) A recipient's procurement procedures or operation fails to comply with the procurement standards in the Federal awarding agency's implementation of this part. 

(2) The procurement is expected to exceed the small purchase threshold fixed at 41 U.S.C. 403 (11) (currently $25,000) and is to be awarded without competition or only one bid or offer is received in response to a solicitation. 

(3) The procurement, which is expected to exceed the small purchase threshold, specifies a “brand name” product. 

(4) The proposed award over the small purchase threshold is to be awarded to other than the apparent low bidder under a sealed bid procurement. 

(5) A proposed contract modification changes the scope of a contract or increases the contract amount by more than the amount of the small purchase threshold. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.45 

Some form of cost or price analysis shall be made and documented in the procurement files in connection with every procurement action. Price analysis may be accomplished in various ways, including the comparison of price quotations submitted, market prices and similar indicia, together with discounts. Cost analysis is the review and evaluation of each element of cost to determine reasonableness, allocability and allowability. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.46 

Procurement records and files for purchases in excess of the small purchase threshold shall include the following at a minimum: 

(a) Basis for contractor selection, 

(b) Justification for lack of competition when competitive bids or offers are not obtained, and 

(c) Basis for award cost or price. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.47 

A system for contract administration shall be maintained to ensure contractor conformance with the terms, conditions and specifications of the contract and to ensure adequate and timely follow up of all purchases. Recipients shall evaluate contractor performance and document, as appropriate, whether contractors have met the terms, conditions and specifications of the contract. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.48 

The recipient shall include, in addition to provisions to define a sound and complete agreement, the following provisions in all contracts. The following provisions shall also be applied to subcontracts. 

(a) Contracts in excess of the small purchase threshold shall contain contractual provisions or conditions that allow for administrative, contractual, or legal remedies in instances in which a contractor violates or breaches the contract terms, and provide for such remedial actions as may be appropriate. 

(b) All contracts in excess of the small purchase threshold shall contain suitable provisions for termination by the recipient, including the manner by which termination shall be effected and the basis for settlement. In addition, such contracts shall describe conditions under which the contract may be terminated for default as well as conditions where the contract may be terminated because of circumstances beyond the control of the contractor. 

(c) Except as otherwise required by statute, an award that requires the contracting (or subcontracting) for construction or facility improvements shall provide for the recipient to follow its own requirements relating to bid guarantees, performance bonds, and payment bonds unless the construction contract or subcontract exceeds $100,000. For those contracts or subcontracts exceeding $100,000, the Federal awarding agency may accept the bonding policy and requirements of the recipient, provided the Federal awarding agency has made a determination that the Federal Government's interest is adequately protected. If such a determination has not been made, the minimum requirements shall be as follows. 

                                        (1) A bid guarantee from each bidder equivalent to five percent of the bid price. The “bid guarantee” shall consist of a firm commitment such as a bid                                               ( print page 52274)                                            bond, certified check, or other negotiable instrument accompanying a bid as assurance that the bidder shall, upon acceptance of his bid, execute such contractual documents as may be required within the time specified.                                     

(2) A performance bond on the part of the contractor for 100 percent of the contract price. A “performance bond” is one executed in connection with a contract to secure fulfillment of all the contractor's obligations under such contract. 

(3) A payment bond on the part of the contractor for 100 percent of the contract price. A “payment bond” is one executed in connection with a contract to assure payment as required by statute of all persons supplying labor and material in the execution of the work provided for in the contract. 

(4) Where bonds are required in the situations described herein, the bonds shall be obtained from companies holding certificates of authority as acceptable sureties pursuant to 31 CFR part 223, “Surety Companies Doing Business with the United States.” 

(d) All negotiated contracts (except those for less than the small purchase threshold) awarded by recipients shall include a provision to the effect that the recipient, the Federal awarding agency, the Comptroller General of the United States, or any of their duly authorized representatives, shall have access to any books, documents, papers and records of the contractor which are directly pertinent to a specific program for the purpose of making audits, examinations, excerpts and transcriptions. 

(e) All contracts, including small purchases, awarded by recipients and their contractors shall contain the procurement provisions of Appendix A to this part, as applicable. 
Pub. L. 104-156

## Reports and Records

§ 49.50 

Sections 49.51 through 49.53 set forth the procedures for monitoring and reporting on the recipient's financial and program performance and the necessary standard reporting forms. They also set forth record retention requirements. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.51 

(a) Recipients are responsible for managing and monitoring each project, program, subaward, function or activity supported by the award. Recipients shall monitor subawards to ensure subrecipients have met the audit requirements as delineated in § 49.26. 

(b) The Federal awarding agency shall prescribe the frequency with which the performance reports shall be submitted. Except as provided in § 49.51(f) of this section, performance reports shall not be required more frequently than quarterly or, less frequently than annually. Annual reports shall be due 90 calendar days after the grant year; quarterly or semi-annual reports shall be due 30 days after the reporting period. The Federal awarding agency may require annual reports before the anniversary dates of multiple year awards in lieu of these requirements. The final performance reports are due 90 calendar days after the expiration or termination of the award. 

(c) If inappropriate, a final technical or performance report shall not be required after completion of the project. 

(d) When required, performance reports shall generally contain, for each award, brief information on each of the following. 

(1) A comparison of actual accomplishments with the goals and objectives established for the period, the findings of the investigator, or both. Whenever appropriate and the output of programs or projects can be readily quantified, such quantitative data should be related to cost data for computation of unit costs. 

(2) Reasons why established goals were not met, if appropriate. 

(3) Other pertinent information including, when appropriate, analysis and explanation of cost overruns or high unit costs. 

(e) Recipients shall not be required to submit more than the original and two copies of performance reports. 

(f) Recipients shall immediately notify the Federal awarding agency of developments that have a significant impact on the award-supported activities. Also, notification shall be given in the case of problems, delays, or adverse conditions which materially impair the ability to meet the objectives of the award. This notification shall include a statement of the action taken or contemplated, and any assistance needed to resolve the situation. 

(g) Federal awarding agencies may make site visits, as needed. 

(h) Federal awarding agencies shall comply with clearance requirements of 5 CFR part 1320 when requesting performance data from recipients. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.52 

(a) The following forms or such other forms as may be approved by OMB are authorized for obtaining financial information from recipients. 

(1) SF-269 or SF-269A, Financial Status Report. 

(i) Each Federal awarding agency shall require recipients to use the SF-269 or SF-269A to report the status of funds for all nonconstruction projects or programs. A Federal awarding agency may, however, have the option of not requiring the SF-269 or SF-269A when the SF-270, Request for Advance or Reimbursement, or SF-272, Report of Federal Cash Transactions, is determined to provide adequate information to meet its needs, except that a final SF-269 or SF-269A shall be required at the completion of the project when the SF-270 is used only for advances. 

(ii) The Federal awarding agency shall prescribe whether the report shall be on a cash or accrual basis. If the Federal awarding agency requires accrual information and the recipient's accounting records are not normally kept on the accrual basis, the recipient shall not be required to convert its accounting system, but shall develop such accrual information through best estimates based on an analysis of the documentation on hand. 

(iii) The Federal awarding agency shall determine the frequency of the Financial Status Report for each project or program, considering the size and complexity of the particular project or program. However, the report shall not be required more frequently than quarterly or less frequently than annually. A final report shall be required at the completion of the agreement. 

(iv) The Federal awarding agency shall require recipients to submit the SF-269 or SF-269A (an original and no more than two copies) no later than 30 days after the end of each specified reporting period for quarterly and semi-annual reports, and 90 calendar days for annual and final reports. Extensions of reporting due dates may be approved by the Federal awarding agency upon request of the recipient. 

(2) SF-272, Report of Federal Cash Transactions. 

(i) When funds are advanced to recipients the Federal awarding agency shall require each recipient to submit the SF-272 and, when necessary, its continuation sheet, SF-272a. The Federal awarding agency shall use this report to monitor cash advanced to recipients and to obtain disbursement information for each agreement with the recipients. 

                                        (ii) Federal awarding agencies may require forecasts of Federal cash requirements in the “Remarks” section of the report.                                               ( print page 52275)    

(iii) When practical and deemed necessary, Federal awarding agencies may require recipients to report in the “Remarks” section the amount of cash advances received in excess of three days. Recipients shall provide short narrative explanations of actions taken to reduce the excess balances. 

(iv) Recipients shall be required to submit not more than the original and two copies of the SF-272 15 calendar days following the end of each quarter. The Federal awarding agencies may require a monthly report from those recipients receiving advances totaling $1 million or more per year. 

(v) Federal awarding agencies may waive the requirement for submission of the SF-272 for any one of the following reasons: 

(A) When monthly advances do not exceed $25,000 per recipient, provided that such advances are monitored through other forms contained in this section; 

(B) If, in the Federal awarding agency's opinion, the recipient's accounting controls are adequate to minimize excessive Federal advances; or, 

(C) When the electronic payment mechanisms provide adequate data. 

(b) When the Federal awarding agency needs additional information or more frequent reports, the following shall be observed. 

(1) When additional information is needed to comply with legislative requirements, Federal awarding agencies shall issue instructions to require recipients to submit such information under the “Remarks” section of the reports. 

(2) When a Federal awarding agency determines that a recipient's accounting system does not meet the standards in § 49.21, additional pertinent information to further monitor awards may be obtained upon written notice to the recipient until such time as the system is brought up to standard. The Federal awarding agency, in obtaining this information, shall comply with report clearance requirements of 5 CFR part 1320. 

(3) Federal awarding agencies are encouraged to shade out any line item on any report if not necessary. 

(4) Federal awarding agencies may accept the identical information from the recipients in machine readable format or computer printouts or electronic outputs in lieu of prescribed formats. 

(5) Federal awarding agencies may provide computer or electronic outputs to recipients when such expedites or contributes to the accuracy of reporting. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.53 

(a) This section sets forth requirements for record retention and access to records for awards to recipients. Federal awarding agencies shall not impose any other record retention or access requirements upon recipients. 

(b) Financial records, supporting documents, statistical records, and all other records pertinent to an award shall be retained for a period of three years from the date of submission of the final expenditure report or, for awards that are renewed quarterly or annually, from the date of the submission of the quarterly or annual financial report, as authorized by the Federal awarding agency. The only exceptions are the following. 

(1) If any litigation, claim, or audit is started before the expiration of the 3-year period, the records shall be retained until all litigation, claims or audit findings involving the records have been resolved and final action taken. 

(2) Records for real property and equipment acquired with Federal funds shall be retained for 3 years after final disposition. 

(3) When records are transferred to or maintained by the Federal awarding agency, the 3-year retention requirement is not applicable to the recipient. 

(4) Indirect cost rate proposals, cost allocations plans, etc. as specified in § 49.53(g) of this section. 

(c) Copies of original records may be substituted for the original records if authorized by the Federal awarding agency. 

(d) The Federal awarding agency shall request transfer of certain records to its custody from recipients when it determines that the records possess long term retention value. However, in order to avoid duplicate recordkeeping, a Federal awarding agency may make arrangements for recipients to retain any records that are continuously needed for joint use. 

(e) The Federal awarding agency, the Inspector General, Comptroller General of the United States, or any of their duly authorized representatives, have the right of timely and unrestricted access to any books, documents, papers, or other records of recipients that are pertinent to the awards, in order to make audits, examinations, excerpts, transcripts and copies of such documents. This right also includes timely and reasonable access to a recipient's personnel for the purpose of interview and discussion related to such documents. The rights of access in this paragraph are not limited to the required retention period, but shall last as long as records are retained. 

(f) Unless required by statute, no Federal awarding agency shall place restrictions on recipients that limit public access to the records of recipients that are pertinent to an award, except when the Federal awarding agency can demonstrate that such records shall be kept confidential and would have been exempted from disclosure pursuant to the Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. 552) if the records had belonged to the Federal awarding agency. 

(g) Indirect cost rate proposals, cost allocations plans, etc. Paragraphs (g)(1) and (g)(2) of this section apply to the following types of documents, and their supporting records: indirect cost rate computations or proposals, cost allocation plans, and any similar accounting computations of the rate at which a particular group of costs is chargeable (such as computer usage chargeback rates or composite fringe benefit rates). 

                                        (1)                                         *If submitted for negotiation.*                                         If the recipient submits to the Federal awarding agency or the subrecipient submits to the recipient the proposal, plan, or other computation to form the basis for negotiation of the rate, then the 3-year retention period for its supporting records starts on the date of such submission.                                     

                                        (2)                                         *If not submitted for negotiation.*                                         If the recipient is not required to submit to the Federal awarding agency or the subrecipient is not required to submit to the recipient the proposal, plan, or other computation for negotiation purposes, then the 3-year retention period for the proposal, plan, or other computation and its supporting records starts at the end of the fiscal year (or other accounting period) covered by the proposal, plan, or other computation.                                     
Pub. L. 104-156

## Termination and Enforcement 

§ 49.60 

Sections 49.61 and 49.62 set forth uniform suspension, termination and enforcement procedures. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.61 

(a) Awards may be terminated in whole or in part only if paragraphs (a)(1), (a)(2) or (a)(3) of this section apply. 

(1) By the Federal awarding agency, if a recipient materially fails to comply with the terms and conditions of an award. 

                                        (2) By the Federal awarding agency with the consent of the recipient, in                                               ( print page 52276)                                            which case the two parties shall agree upon the termination conditions, including the effective date and, in the case of partial termination, the portion to be terminated.                                     

(3) By the recipient upon sending to the Federal awarding agency written notification setting forth the reasons for such termination, the effective date, and, in the case of partial termination, the portion to be terminated. However, if the Federal awarding agency determines in the case of partial termination that the reduced or modified portion of the grant will not accomplish the purposes for which the grant was made, it may terminate the grant in its entirety under either paragraphs (a)(1) or (2) of this section. 

(b) If costs are allowed under an award, the responsibilities of the recipient referred to in § 49.71(a), including those for property management as applicable, shall be considered in the termination of the award, and provision shall be made for continuing responsibilities of the recipient after termination, as appropriate. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.62 

                                        (a)                                         *Remedies for noncompliance.*                                         If a recipient materially fails to comply with the terms and conditions of an award, whether stated in a Federal statute, regulation, assurance, application, or notice of award, the Federal awarding agency may, in addition to imposing any of the special conditions outlined in § 49.14, take one or more of the following actions, as appropriate in the circumstances.                                     

(1) Temporarily withhold cash payments pending correction of the deficiency by the recipient or more severe enforcement action by the Federal awarding agency. 

(2) Disallow (that is, deny both use of funds and any applicable matching credit for) all or part of the cost of the activity or action not in compliance. 

(3) Wholly or partly suspend or terminate the current award. 

(4) Withhold further awards for the project or program. 

(5) Take other remedies that may be legally available. 

                                        (b)                                         *Hearings and appeals.*                                         In taking an enforcement action, the awarding agency shall provide the recipient an opportunity for hearing, appeal, or other administrative proceeding to which the recipient is entitled under any statute or regulation applicable to the action involved.                                     

                                        (c)                                         *Effects of suspension and termination.*                                         Costs of a recipient resulting from obligations incurred by the recipient during a suspension or after termination of an award are not allowable unless the awarding agency expressly authorizes them in the notice of suspension or termination or subsequently. Other recipient costs during suspension or after termination, which are necessary and not reasonably avoidable, are allowable if the following conditions apply.                                     

(1) The costs result from obligations which were properly incurred by the recipient before the effective date of suspension or termination, are not in anticipation of it, and in the case of a termination, are noncancellable. 

(2) The costs would be allowable if the award were not suspended or expired normally at the end of the funding period in which the termination takes effect. 

                                        (d)                                         *Relationship to debarment and suspension.*                                         The enforcement remedies identified in this section, including suspension and termination, do not preclude a recipient from being subject to debarment and suspension under E.O.s 12549 and 12689 and the Federal awarding agency implementing regulations (see § 49.13).                                     
Pub. L. 104-156

# Subpart D—After-the-Award Requirements 

§ 49.70 

Sections 49.71 through 49.73 contain closeout procedures and other procedures for subsequent disallowances and adjustments. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.71 

(a) Recipients shall submit, within 90 calendar days after the date of completion of the award, all financial, performance, and other reports as required by the terms and conditions of the award. The Federal awarding agency may approve extensions when requested by the recipient. 

(b) Unless the Federal awarding agency authorizes an extension, a recipient shall liquidate all obligations incurred under the award not later than 90 calendar days after the funding period or the date of completion as specified in the terms and conditions of the award or in agency implementing instructions. 

(c) The Federal awarding agency shall make prompt payments to a recipient for allowable reimbursable costs under the award being closed out. 

(d) The recipient shall promptly refund any balances of unobligated cash that the Federal awarding agency has advanced or paid and that is not authorized to be retained by the recipient for use in other projects. OMB Circular A-129 governs unreturned amounts that become delinquent debts. 

(e) When authorized by the terms and conditions of the award, the Federal awarding agency shall make a settlement for any upward or downward adjustments to the Federal share of costs after closeout reports are received. 

(f) The recipient shall account for any real and personal property acquired with Federal funds or received from the Federal Government in accordance with §§ 49.31 through 49.37. 

(g) In the event a final audit has not been performed prior to the closeout of an award, the Federal awarding agency shall retain the right to recover an appropriate amount after fully considering the recommendations on disallowed costs resulting from the final audit. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.72 

(a) The closeout of an award does not affect any of the following. 

(1) The right of the Federal awarding agency to disallow costs and recover funds on the basis of a later audit or other review. 

(2) The obligation of the recipient to return any funds due as a result of later refunds, corrections, or other transactions. 

(3) Audit requirements in § 49.26. 

(4) Property management requirements in §§ 49.31 through 49.37. 

(5) Records retention as required in § 49.53. 

(b) After closeout of an award, a relationship created under an award may be modified or ended in whole or in part with the consent of the Federal awarding agency and the recipient, provided the responsibilities of the recipient referred to in § 49.73(a), including those for property management as applicable, are considered and provisions made for continuing responsibilities of the recipient, as appropriate. 
Pub. L. 104-156

§ 49.73 

                                        (a) Any funds paid to a recipient in excess of the amount to which the recipient is finally determined to be entitled under the terms and conditions of the award constitute a debt to the Federal Government. If not paid within a reasonable period after the demand for payment, the Federal awarding agency may reduce the debt by any of the following methods.                                               ( print page 52277)    

(1) Making an administrative offset against other requests for reimbursements. 

(2) Withholding advance payments otherwise due to the recipient. 

(3) Taking other action permitted by statute. 

(b) Except as otherwise provided by law, the Federal awarding agency shall charge interest on an overdue debt in accordance with 4 CFR Chapter II, “Federal Claims Collection Standards.” 
Pub. L. 104-156

# Appendix A to Part 49—Contract Provisions 

All contracts, awarded by a recipient including small purchases, shall contain the following provisions as applicable: 

                                            1.                                             *Equal Employment Opportunity*                                            —All contracts shall contain a provision requiring compliance with E.O. 11246, “Equal Employment Opportunity,” as amended by E.O. 11375, “Amending Executive Order 11246 Relating to Equal Employment Opportunity,” and as supplemented by regulations at 41 CFR part 60, “Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs, Equal Employment Opportunity, Department of Labor.”                                         

                                            2.                                             *Copeland “Anti-Kickback” Act (18 U.S.C. 874 and 40 U.S.C. 276c)*                                            —All contracts and subgrants in excess of $2000 for construction or repair awarded by recipients and subrecipients shall include a provision for compliance with the Copeland “Anti-Kickback” Act (18 U.S.C. 874), as supplemented by Department of Labor regulations (29 CFR part 3, “Contractors and Subcontractors on Public Building or Public Work Financed in Whole or in Part by Loans or Grants from the United States”). The Act provides that each contractor or subrecipient shall be prohibited from inducing, by any means, any person employed in the construction, completion, or repair of public work, to give up any part of the compensation to which he is otherwise entitled. The recipient shall report all suspected or reported violations to the Federal awarding agency.                                         

                                            3.                                             *Davis-Bacon Act, as amended (40 U.S.C. 276a to a-7)*                                            —When required by Federal program legislation, all construction contracts awarded by the recipients and subrecipients of more than $2000 shall include a provision for compliance with the Davis-Bacon Act (40 U.S.C. 276a to a-7) and as supplemented by Department of Labor regulations (29 CFR part 5, “Labor Standards Provisions Applicable to Contracts Governing Federally Financed and Assisted Construction”). Under this Act, contractors shall be required to pay wages to laborers and mechanics at a rate not less than the minimum wages specified in a wage determination made by the Secretary of Labor. In addition, contractors shall be required to pay wages not less than once a week. The recipient shall place a copy of the current prevailing wage determination issued by the Department of Labor in each solicitation and the award of a contract shall be conditioned upon the acceptance of the wage determination. The recipient shall report all suspected or reported violations to the Federal awarding agency.                                         

                                            4.                                             *Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act (40 U.S.C. 327-333)*                                            —Where applicable, all contracts awarded by recipients in excess of $2000 for construction contracts and in excess of $2500 for other contracts that involve the employment of mechanics or laborers shall include a provision for compliance with Sections 102 and 107 of the Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act (40 U.S.C. 327-333), as supplemented by Department of Labor regulations (29 CFR part 5). Under Section 102 of the Act, each contractor shall be required to compute the wages of every mechanic and laborer on the basis of a standard work week of 40 hours. Work in excess of the standard work week is permissible provided that the worker is compensated at a rate of not less than 1                                            1/2                                             times the basic rate of pay for all hours worked in excess of 40 hours in the work week. Section 107 of the Act is applicable to construction work and provides that no laborer or mechanic shall be required to work in surroundings or under working conditions, which are unsanitary, hazardous or dangerous. These requirements do not apply to the purchases of supplies or materials or articles ordinarily available on the open market, or contracts for transportation or transmission of intelligence.                                         

                                            5.                                             *Rights to Inventions Made Under a Contract or Agreement*                                            —Contracts or agreements for the performance of experimental, developmental, or research work shall provide for the rights of the Federal Government and the recipient in any resulting invention in accordance with 37 CFR part 401, “Rights to Inventions Made by Nonprofit Organizations and Small Business Firms Under Government Grants, Contracts and Cooperative Agreements,” and any implementing regulations issued by the awarding agency.                                         

                                            6.                                             *Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.) and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), as amended*                                            —Contracts and subgrants of amounts in excess of $100,000 shall contain a provision that requires the recipient to agree to comply with all applicable standards, orders or regulations issued pursuant to the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401*et seq.*) and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act as amended (33 U.S.C. 1251*et seq.*). Violations shall be reported to the Federal awarding agency and the Regional Office of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).                                         

                                            7.                                             *Byrd Anti-Lobbying Amendment (31 U.S.C. 1352)*                                            —Contractors who apply or bid for an award of $100,000 or more shall file the required certification. Each tier certifies to the tier above that it will not and has not used Federal appropriated funds to pay any person or organization for influencing or attempting to influence an officer or employee of any agency, a member of Congress, officer or employee of Congress, or an employee of a member of Congress in connection with obtaining any Federal contract, grant or any other award covered by 31 U.S.C. 1352. Each tier shall also disclose any lobbying with non-Federal funds that takes place in connection with obtaining any Federal award. Such disclosures are forwarded from tier to tier up to the recipient.                                         

                                            8.                                             *Debarment and Suspension (E.O.s 12549 and 12689)*                                            —No contract shall be made to parties listed on the General Services Administration's List of Parties Excluded from Federal Procurement or Nonprocurement Programs in accordance with E.O.s 12549 and 12689, “Debarment and Suspension.” This list contains the names of parties debarred, suspended, or otherwise excluded by agencies, and contractors declared ineligible under statutory or regulatory authority other than E.O. 12549. Contractors with awards that exceed the small purchase threshold shall provide the required certification regarding its exclusion status and that of its principal employees.                                         

[FR Doc. 05-16848 Filed 8-31-05; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 8320-01-P