# Directive 2013/35/EU of the European Parliament and of the CouncilShow full title

Directive 2013/35/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on the minimum health and safety requirements            regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents (electromagnetic fields) (20th individual Directive            within the meaning of Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC) and repealing Directive 2004/40/EC         

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U.K.

# Directive 2013/35/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council

# of 26 June 2013

# on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents                        (electromagnetic fields) (20th individual Directive within the meaning of Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC) and repealing                        Directive 2004/40/EC                     

THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,

Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Article 153(2) thereof,

Having regard to the proposal from the European Commission,

After transmission of the draft legislative act to the national parliaments,

Having regard to the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee(1),                        

After consulting the Committee of the Regions,

Acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure(2),                        

Whereas:

(1)Under the Treaty, the European Parliament and the Council may, by means of directives, adopt minimum requirements for the                              encouragement of improvements, in particular of the working environment, to guarantee a better level of protection of the                              health and safety of workers. Such directives are to avoid imposing administrative, financial and legal constraints in a way                              which would hold back the creation and development of small and medium-sized undertakings.

(2)Article 31(1) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union provides that every worker has the right to working                              conditions which respect his or her health, safety and dignity.

(3)Following the entry into force of Directive 2004/40/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the                              minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents (electromagnetic                              fields) (18th individual Directive within the meaning of Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC)(3), serious concerns were expressed by stakeholders, in particular those from the medical community, as to the potential impact                              of the implementation of that Directive on the use of medical procedures based on medical imaging. Concerns were also expressed                              as to the impact of the Directive on certain industrial activities.

(4)The Commission examined attentively the arguments put forward by stakeholders and, after several consultations, decided to                              thoroughly reconsider some provisions of Directive 2004/40/EC on the basis of new scientific information produced by internationally                              recognised experts.

(5)Directive 2004/40/EC was amended by Directive 2008/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council(4), with the effect of postponing, by four years, the deadline for the transposition of Directive 2004/40/EC, and subsequently                              by Directive 2012/11/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council(5), with the effect of postponing that deadline for transposition until 31 October 2013. This was to allow the Commission to                              present a new proposal, and the co-legislators to adopt a new directive, based on fresher and sounder evidence.

(6)Directive 2004/40/EC should be repealed and more appropriate and proportionate measures to protect workers from the risks                              associated with electromagnetic fields should be introduced. That Directive did not address the long-term effects, including                              the possible carcinogenic effects, of exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields, for which there                              is currently no conclusive scientific evidence establishing a causal relationship. This Directive is intended to address all                              known direct biophysical effects and indirect effects caused by electromagnetic fields, in order not only to ensure the health                              and safety of each worker on an individual basis, but also to create a minimum basis of protection for all workers in the                              Union, while reducing possible distortions of competition.

(7)This Directive does not address suggested long-term effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields, since there is currently                              no well-established scientific evidence of a causal relationship. However, if such well-established scientific evidence emerges,                              the Commission should consider the most appropriate means for addressing such effects, and should, through its report on the                              practical implementation of this Directive, keep the European Parliament and Council informed in this regard. In doing so,                              the Commission should, in addition to the appropriate information that it receives from Member States, take into account the                              latest available research and new scientific knowledge arising from the data in this area.

(8)Minimum requirements should be laid down, thereby giving Member States the option of maintaining or adopting more favourable                              provisions for the protection of workers, in particular by fixing lower values for the action levels (ALs) or the exposure                              limit values (ELVs) for electromagnetic fields. However, the implementation of this Directive should not serve to justify                              any regression in relation to the situation already prevailing in each Member State.

(9)The system of protection against electromagnetic fields should be limited to a definition, which should be free of excessive                              detail, of the objectives to be attained, the principles to be observed and the fundamental values to be applied, in order                              to enable Member States to apply the minimum requirements in an equivalent manner.

(10)In order to protect workers exposed to electromagnetic fields it is necessary to carry out an effective and efficient risk                              assessment. However, this obligation should be proportional to the situation encountered at the workplace. Therefore, it is                              appropriate to design a protection system that groups different risks in a simple, graduated and easily understandable way.                              Consequently, the reference to a number of indicators and standard situations, to be provided by practical guides, can usefully                              assist employers in fulfilling their obligations.

(11)The undesired effects on the human body depend on the frequency of the electromagnetic field or radiation to which it is exposed.                              Therefore, exposure limitation systems need to be exposure-pattern and frequency dependent in order to adequately protect                              workers exposed to electromagnetic fields.

(12)The level of exposure to electromagnetic fields can be more effectively reduced by incorporating preventive measures into                              the design of workstations and by giving priority, when selecting work equipment, procedures and methods, to reducing risks                              at source. Provisions relating to work equipment and methods thereby contribute to the protection of the workers involved.                              There is, however, a need to avoid duplication of assessments where work equipment meets the requirements of relevant Union                              law on products that establishes stricter safety levels than those provided for by this Directive. This allows for simplified                              assessment in a large number of cases.

(13)Employers should make adjustments in the light of technical progress and scientific knowledge regarding the risks related                              to exposure to electromagnetic fields, with a view to improving the safety and health protection of workers.

(14)Since this Directive is an individual Directive within the meaning of Article 16(1) of Council Directive 89/391/EEC of 12                              June 1989 on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of workers at work(6), it follows that Directive 89/391/EEC applies to the exposure of workers to electromagnetic fields, without prejudice to                              more stringent and/or specific provisions contained in this Directive.

(15)The physical quantities, ELVs and ALs, laid down in this Directive are based on the recommendations of the International Commission                              on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and should be considered in accordance with ICNIRP concepts, save where this                              Directive specifies otherwise.

(16)In order to ensure that this Directive remains up-to-date, the power to adopt acts in accordance with Article 290 of the Treaty                              on the Functioning of the European Union should be delegated to the Commission in respect of purely technical amendments of                              the Annexes, to reflect the adoption of regulations and directives in the field of technical harmonisation and standardisation,                              technical progress, changes in the most relevant standards or specifications and new scientific findings concerning hazards                              presented by electromagnetic fields, as well as to adjust ALs. It is of particular importance that the Commission carry out                              appropriate consultations during its preparatory work, including at expert level. The Commission, when preparing and drawing-up                              delegated acts, should ensure a simultaneous, timely and appropriate transmission of relevant documents to the European Parliament                              and to the Council.

(17)If amendments of a purely technical nature to the Annexes become necessary, the Commission should work in close cooperation                              with the Advisory Committee for Safety and Health at Work set up by Council Decision of 22 July 2003(7).

(18)In exceptional cases, where imperative grounds of urgency so require, such as possible imminent risks to workers’ health and                              safety arising from their exposure to electromagnetic fields, the possibility should be given to apply the urgency procedure                              to delegated acts adopted by the Commission.

(19)In accordance with the Joint Political Declaration of 28 September 2011 of Member States and the Commission on explanatory                              documents(8), Member States have undertaken to accompany, in justified cases, the notification of their transposition measures with one                              or more documents explaining the relationship between the components of a directive and the corresponding parts of national                              transposition instruments. With regard to this Directive, the legislator considers the transmission of such documents to be                              justified.

(20)A system including ELVs and ALs, where applicable, should be seen as a means to facilitate the provision of a high level of                              protection against the adverse health effects and safety risks that may result from exposure to electromagnetic fields. However,                              such a system may conflict with specific conditions in certain activities, such as the use of the magnetic resonance technique                              in the medical sector. It is therefore necessary to take those particular conditions into account.

(21)Given the specificities of the armed forces and in order to allow them to operate and interoperate effectively, including                              in joint international military exercises, Member States should be able to implement equivalent or more specific protection                              systems, such as internationally agreed standards, for example NATO standards, provided that adverse health effects and safety                              risks are prevented.

(22)Employers should be required to ensure that risks arising from electromagnetic fields at work are eliminated or reduced to                              a minimum. It is nevertheless possible that in specific cases and in duly justified circumstances, the ELVs set out in this                              Directive are only temporarily exceeded. In such a case, employers should be required to take the necessary actions in order                              to return to compliance with the ELVs as soon as possible.

(23)A system ensuring a high level of protection as regards the adverse health effects and safety risks that may result from exposure                              to electromagnetic fields should take due account of specific groups of workers at particular risk and avoid interference                              problems with, or effects on the functioning of, medical devices such as metallic prostheses, cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators,                              cochlear implants and other implants or medical devices worn on the body. Interference problems, especially with pacemakers,                              may occur at levels below the ALs and should therefore be the object of appropriate precautions and protective measures,

HAVE ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:

## CHAPTER IU.K.**GENERAL PROVISIONS**

### Article 1U.K.Subject-matter and scope

1.This Directive, which is the 20th individual Directive within the meaning of Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC, lays down                        minimum requirements for the protection of workers from risks to their health and safety arising, or likely to arise, from                        exposure to electromagnetic fields during their work.                  

2.This Directive covers all known direct biophysical effects and indirect effects caused by electromagnetic fields.                  

3.The exposure limit values (ELVs) laid down in this Directive cover only scientifically well-established links between short-term                        direct biophysical effects and exposure to electromagnetic fields.                  

4.This Directive does not cover suggested long-term effects.                  

The Commission shall keep under review the latest scientific developments. If well-established scientific evidence on suggested                     long-term effects becomes available, the Commission shall consider a suitable policy response, including, if appropriate,                     the submission of a legislative proposal to address such effects. The Commission shall, through its report referred to in                     Article 15, keep the European Parliament and the Council informed in this regard.                  

5.This Directive does not cover the risks resulting from contact with live conductors.                  

6.Without prejudice to the more stringent or more specific provisions in this Directive, Directive 89/391/EEC shall continue                        to apply in full to the whole area referred to in paragraph 1.                  

### Article 2U.K.Definitions

For the purposes of this Directive, the following definitions shall apply:

‘electromagnetic fields’ means static electric, static magnetic and time-varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields                              with frequencies up to 300 GHz;                           

‘direct biophysical effects’ means effects in the human body directly caused by its presence in an electromagnetic field,                              including:                           

thermal effects, such as tissue heating through energy absorption from electromagnetic fields in the tissue;

non-thermal effects, such as the stimulation of muscles, nerves or sensory organs. These effects might have a detrimental                                       effect on the mental and physical health of exposed workers. Moreover, the stimulation of sensory organs may lead to transient                                       symptoms, such as vertigo or phosphenes. These effects might create temporary annoyance or affect cognition or other brain                                       or muscle functions, and may thereby affect the ability of a worker to work safely (i.e. safety risks); and                                    

limb currents;

‘indirect effects’ means effects, caused by the presence of an object in an electromagnetic field, which may become the cause                              of a safety or health hazard, such as:                           

interference with medical electronic equipment and devices, including cardiac pacemakers and other implants or medical devices                                       worn on the body;                                    

the projectile risk from ferromagnetic objects in static magnetic fields;

the initiation of electro-explosive devices (detonators);

fires and explosions resulting from the ignition of flammable materials by sparks caused by induced fields, contact currents                                       or spark discharges; and                                    

contact currents;

‘exposure limit values (ELVs)’ means values established on the basis of biophysical and biological considerations, in particular                              on the basis of scientifically well-established short-term and acute direct effects, i.e. thermal effects and electrical stimulation                              of tissues;                           

‘health effects ELVs’ means those ELVs above which workers might be subject to adverse health effects, such as thermal heating                              or stimulation of nerve and muscle tissue;                           

‘sensory effects ELVs’ means those ELVs above which workers might be subject to transient disturbed sensory perceptions and                              minor changes in brain functions;                           

‘action levels (ALs)’ means operational levels established for the purpose of simplifying the process of demonstrating the                              compliance with relevant ELVs or, where appropriate, to take relevant protection or prevention measures specified in this                              Directive.                           

The AL terminology used in Annex II is as follows:

for electric fields, ‘low ALs’ and ‘high ALs’ means levels which relate to the specific protection or prevention measures                                       specified in this Directive; and                                    

for magnetic fields, ‘low ALs’ means levels which relate to the sensory effects ELVs and ‘high ALs’ to the health effects                                       ELVs.                                    

### Article 3U.K.Exposure limit values and action levels

1.Physical quantities regarding exposure to electromagnetic fields are indicated in Annex I. Health effects ELVs, sensory effects                        ELVs and ALs are set out in Annexes II and III.                  

2.Member States shall require that employers ensure that the exposure of workers to electromagnetic fields is limited to the                        health effects ELVs and sensory effects ELVs set out in Annex II, for non-thermal effects, and in Annex III, for thermal effects.                        Compliance with health effects ELVs and sensory effects ELVs must be established by the use of relevant exposure assessment                        procedures referred to in Article 4. Where the exposure of workers to electromagnetic fields exceeds the ELVs, the employer                        shall take immediate action in accordance with Article 5(8).                  

3.For the purpose of this Directive, where it is demonstrated that the relevant ALs set out in Annex II and III are not exceeded,                        the employer shall be deemed to be in compliance with the health effects ELVs and sensory effects ELVs. Where the exposure                        exceeds the ALs, the employer shall act in accordance with Article 5(2), unless the assessment carried out in accordance with                        Article 4(1), (2) and (3) demonstrates that the relevant ELVs are not exceeded and that safety risks can be excluded.                  

Notwithstanding the first subparagraph, exposure may exceed:

(a)low ALs for electric fields (Annex II, Table B1), where justified by the practice or process, provided that either the sensory                        effects ELVs (Annex II, Table A3) are not exceeded; or                  

the health effects ELVs (Annex II, Table A2) are not exceeded;

the excessive spark discharges and contact currents (Annex II, Table B3) are prevented by specific protection measures as                              set out in Article 5(6); and                           

information on the situations referred to in point (f) of Article 6 has been given to workers;

(b)low ALs for magnetic fields (Annex II, Table B2) where justified by the practice or process, including in the head and torso,                        during the shift, provided that either the sensory effects ELVs (Annex II, Table A3) are not exceeded; or                  

the sensory effects ELVs are exceeded only temporarily;

the health effects ELVs (Annex II, Table A2) are not exceeded;

action is taken, in accordance with Article 5(9), where there are transient symptoms under point (a) of that paragraph; and

information on the situations referred to in point (f) of Article 6 has been given to workers.

4.Notwithstanding paragraphs 2 and 3, exposure may exceed:                  

(a)the sensory effects ELVs (Annex II, Table A1) during the shift, where justified by the practice or process, provided that:                  

they are exceeded only temporarily;

the health effects ELVs (Annex II, Table A1) are not exceeded;

specific protection measures have been taken in accordance with Article 5(7);

action is taken in accordance with Article 5(9), where there are transient symptoms under point (b) of that paragraph; and

information on the situations referred to in point (f) of Article 6 has been given to workers;

(b)the sensory effects ELVs (Annex II, Table A3 and Annex III, Table A2) during the shift, where justified by the practice or                        process, provided that:                  

they are exceeded only temporarily;

the health effects ELVs (Annex II, Table A2 and Annex III, Table A1 and Table A3) are not exceeded;

action is taken in accordance with Article 5(9), where there are transient symptoms under point (a) of that paragraph; and

information on the situations referred to in point (f) of Article 6 has been given to workers.

## CHAPTER IIU.K.**OBLIGATIONS OF EMPLOYERS**

### Article 4U.K.Assessment of risks and determination of exposure

1.In carrying out the obligations laid down in Articles 6(3) and 9(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC, the employer shall assess all                        risks for workers arising from electromagnetic fields at the workplace and, if necessary, measure or calculate the levels                        of electromagnetic fields to which workers are exposed.                  

Without prejudice to Article 10 of Directive 89/391/EEC and Article 6 of this Directive, that assessment can be made public                     on request in accordance with relevant Union and national laws. In particular, in the case of processing the personal data                     of employees in the course of such an assessment, any publication shall comply with Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament                     and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and                     on the free movement of such data(9) and the national laws of the Member States implementing that Directive. Unless there is an overriding public interest in                     disclosure, public authorities that are in possession of a copy of the assessment may refuse a request for access to it or                     a request to make it public, where disclosure would undermine the protection of commercial interests of the employer, including                     those relating to intellectual property. Employers may refuse to disclose or make public the assessment under the same conditions                     in accordance with the relevant Union and national laws.                  

2.For the purpose of the assessment provided for in paragraph 1 of this Article the employer shall identify and assess electromagnetic                        fields at the workplace, taking into account the relevant practical guides referred to in Article 14 and other relevant standards                        or guidelines provided by the Member State concerned, including exposure databases. Notwithstanding the employer’s obligations                        under this Article, the employer shall also be entitled, where relevant, to take into account the emission levels and other                        appropriate safety-related data provided, by the manufacturer or distributor, for the equipment, in accordance with relevant                        Union law, including an assessment of risks, if applicable to the exposure conditions at the workplace or place of installation.                  

3.If compliance with the ELVs cannot be reliably determined on the basis of readily accessible information, the assessment of                        the exposure shall be carried out on the basis of measurements or calculations. In such a case, the assessment shall take                        into account uncertainties concerning the measurements or calculations, such as numerical errors, source modelling, phantom                        geometry and the electrical properties of tissues and materials, determined in accordance with relevant good practice.                  

4.The assessment, measurement and calculations referred to in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of this Article shall be planned and carried                        out by competent services or persons at suitable intervals, taking into account the guidance given under this Directive and                        taking particular account of Articles 7 and 11 of Directive 89/391/EEC concerning the necessary competent services or persons                        and the consultation and participation of workers. The data obtained from the assessment, measurement or calculation of the                        level of exposure shall be preserved in a suitable traceable form so as to permit consultation at a later stage, in accordance                        with national law and practice.                  

5.When carrying out the risk assessment pursuant to Article 6(3) of Directive 89/391/EEC, the employer shall give particular                        attention to the following:                  

(a)the health effects ELVs, the sensory effects ELVs and the ALs referred to in Article 3 and Annexes II and III to this Directive;                  

(b)the frequency, the level, duration and type of exposure, including the distribution over the worker’s body and over the volume                        of the workplace;                  

(c)any direct biophysical effects;                  

(d)any effects on the health and safety of workers at particular risk, in particular workers who wear active or passive implanted                        medical devices, such as cardiac pacemakers, workers with medical devices worn on the body, such as insulin pumps, and pregnant                        workers;                  

(e)any indirect effects;                  

(f)the existence of replacement equipment designed to reduce the level of exposure to electromagnetic fields;                  

(g)appropriate information obtained from the health surveillance referred to in Article 8;                  

(h)information provided by the manufacturer of equipment;                  

(i)other relevant health and safety related information;                  

(j)multiple sources of exposure;                  

(k)simultaneous exposure to multiple frequency fields.                  

6.In workplaces open to the public it is not necessary for the exposure assessment to be carried out if an evaluation has already                        been undertaken in accordance with the provisions on the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields,                        if the restrictions specified in those provisions are respected for workers and if the health and safety risks are excluded.                        Where equipment intended for the public use is used as intended and complies with Union law on products that establishes stricter                        safety levels than those provided for by this Directive, and no other equipment is used, these conditions are deemed to be                        met.                  

7.The employer shall be in possession of an assessment of the risks in accordance with Article 9(1)(a) of Directive 89/391/EEC                        and shall identify which measures must be taken in accordance with Article 5 of this Directive. The risk assessment may include                        the reasons why the employer considers that the nature and the extent of the risks related to electromagnetic fields make                        a further detailed risk assessment unnecessary. The risk assessment shall be updated on a regular basis, particularly if there                        have been significant changes which could render it out of date, or if the results of the health surveillance referred to                        in Article 8 show this to be necessary.                  

### Article 5U.K.Provisions aimed at avoiding or reducing risks

1.Taking account of technical progress and the availability of measures to control the production of electromagnetic fields                        at the source, the employer shall take the necessary actions to ensure that risks arising from electromagnetic fields at the                        workplace are eliminated or reduced to a minimum.                  

The reduction of risks arising from exposure to electromagnetic fields shall be based on the general principles of prevention                     set out in Article 6(2) of Directive 89/391/EEC.                  

2.On the basis of the risk assessment referred to in Article 4, once the relevant ALs, referred to in Article 3 and in Annexes                        II and III, are exceeded and unless the assessment carried out in accordance with Article 4(1), (2) and (3) demonstrates that                        the relevant ELVs are not exceeded and that safety risks can be excluded, the employer shall devise and implement an action                        plan that shall include technical and/or organisational measures to prevent exposure exceeding the health effects ELVs and                        sensory effects ELVs, taking into account, in particular:                  

(a)other working methods that entail less exposure to electromagnetic fields;                  

(b)the choice of equipment emitting less intense electromagnetic fields, taking account of the work to be done;                  

(c)technical measures to reduce the emission of electromagnetic fields, including, where necessary, the use of interlocks, shielding                        or similar health protection mechanisms;                  

(d)appropriate delimitation and access measures, such as signals, labels, floor markings, barriers, in order to limit or control                        access;                  

(e)in the case of exposure to electric fields, measures and procedures to manage spark discharges and contact currents through                        technical means and through the training of workers;                  

(f)appropriate maintenance programmes for work equipment, workplaces and workstation systems;                  

(g)the design and layout of workplaces and workstations;                  

(h)limitations of the duration and intensity of the exposure; and                  

(i)the availability of adequate personal protection equipment.                  

3.On the basis of the risk assessment referred to in Article 4, the employer shall devise and implement an action plan that                        shall include technical and/or organisational measures to prevent any risks to workers at particular risk, and any risks due                        to indirect effects, referred to in Article 4.                  

4.In addition to providing the information set out in Article 6 of this Directive, the employer shall, pursuant to Article 15                        of Directive 89/391/EEC, adapt the measures referred to in this Article to the requirements of workers at particular risk                        and, where applicable, to individual risks assessments, in particular in respect of workers who have declared the use of active                        or passive implanted medical devices, such as cardiac pacemakers, or the use of medical devices worn on the body, such as                        insulin pumps, or in respect of pregnant workers who have informed their employer of their condition.                  

5.On the basis of the risk assessment referred to in Article 4, workplaces where workers are likely to be exposed to electromagnetic                        fields that exceed the ALs shall be indicated by appropriate signs in accordance with Annexes II and III and with Council                        Directive 92/58/EEC of 24 June 1992 on the minimum requirements for the provision of safety and/or health signs at work (ninth                        individual Directive within the meaning of Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC)(10). The areas in question shall be identified and access to them limited, as appropriate. Where access to these areas is suitably                        restricted for other reasons and workers are informed of the risks arising from electromagnetic fields, signs and access restrictions                        specific to electromagnetic fields shall not be required.                  

6.Where Article 3(3)(a) applies, specific protection measures shall be taken, such as the training of workers in accordance                        with Article 6 and the use of technical means and personal protection, for example the grounding of work objects, the bonding                        of workers with work objects (equipotential bonding) and, where appropriate and in accordance with Article 4(1)(a) of Council                        Directive 89/656/EEC of 30 November 1989 on the minimum health and safety requirements for the use by workers of personal                        protective equipment at the workplace (third individual directive within the meaning of Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC)(11), the use of insulating shoes, gloves and protective clothing.                  

7.Where Article 3(4)(a) applies, specific protection measures, such as controlling movements, shall be taken.                  

8.Workers shall not be exposed above the health effects ELVs and sensory effects ELVs, unless the conditions under either Article                        10(1)(a) or (c) or Articles 3(3) or (4) are fulfilled. If, despite the measures taken by the employer, the health effects                        ELVs and sensory effects ELVs are exceeded, the employer shall take immediate action to reduce exposure below these ELVs.                        The employer shall identify and record the reasons why the health effects ELVs and sensory effects ELVs have been exceeded,                        and shall amend the protection and prevention measures accordingly in order to prevent them being exceeded again. The amended                        protection and prevention measures shall be preserved in a suitable traceable form so as to permit consultation at a later                        stage, in accordance with national law and practice.                  

9.Where paragraphs 3 and 4 of Article 3 apply and where the worker reports transient symptoms, the employer shall, if necessary,                        update the risk assessment and the prevention measures. Transient symptoms may include:                  

(a)sensory perceptions and effects in the functioning of the central nervous system in the head evoked by time varying magnetic                        fields; and                  

(b)static magnetic field effects, such as vertigo and nausea.                  

### Article 6U.K.Worker information and training

Without prejudice to Articles 10 and 12 of Directive 89/391/EEC, the employer shall ensure that workers who are likely to                     be exposed to risks from electromagnetic fields at work and/or their representatives receive any necessary information and                     training relating to the outcome of the risk assessment provided for in Article 4 of this Directive, concerning in particular:                  

measures taken in application of this Directive;

the values and concepts of the ELVs and ALs, the associated possible risks and the preventive measures taken;

the possible indirect effects of exposure;

the results of the assessment, measurement or calculations of the levels of exposure to electromagnetic fields, carried out                              in accordance with Article 4 of this Directive;                           

how to detect adverse health effects of exposure and how to report them;

the possibility of transient symptoms and sensations related to effects in the central or peripheral nervous system;

the circumstances in which workers are entitled to health surveillance;

safe working practices to minimise risks resulting from exposure;

workers at particular risk, as referred to in Article 4(5)(d) and Article 5(3) and (4) of this Directive.

### Article 7U.K.Consultation and participation of workers

Consultation and participation of workers and/or their representatives shall take place in accordance with Article 11 of Directive                     89/391/EEC.                  

## CHAPTER IIIU.K.**MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS**

### Article 8U.K.Health surveillance

1.With the objective of the prevention and the early diagnosis of any adverse health effects due to exposure to electromagnetic                        fields, appropriate health surveillance shall be carried out in accordance with Article 14 of Directive 89/391/EEC. Health                        records and their availability shall be provided for in accordance with national law and/or practice.                  

2.In accordance with national law and practice, the results of health surveillance shall be preserved in a suitable form that                        allows them to be consulted at a later date, subject to compliance with confidentiality requirements. Individual workers shall,                        at their request, have access to their own personal health records.                  

If any undesired or unexpected health effect is reported by a worker, or in any event where exposure above the ELVs is detected,                     the employer shall ensure that appropriate medical examinations or individual health surveillance is provided to the worker(s)                     concerned, in accordance with national law and practice.                  

Such examinations or surveillance shall be made available during hours chosen by the worker, and any costs arising shall not                     be borne by the worker.                  

### Article 9U.K.Penalties

Member States shall provide for adequate penalties applicable in the event of infringements of national legislation adopted                     pursuant to this Directive. These penalties must be effective, proportionate and dissuasive.                  

### Article 10U.K.Derogations

1.By way of derogation from Article 3 but without prejudice to Article 5(1), the following shall apply:                  

(a)exposure may exceed the ELVs if the exposure is related to the installation, testing, use, development, maintenance of or                        research related to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) equipment for patients in the health sector, provided that all the following                        conditions are met:                  

the risk assessment carried out in accordance with Article 4 has demonstrated that the ELVs are exceeded;

given the state of the art, all technical and/or organisational measures have been applied;

the circumstances duly justify exceeding the ELVs;

the characteristics of the workplace, work equipment, or work practices have been taken into account; and

the employer demonstrates that workers are still protected against adverse health effects and against safety risks, including                              by ensuring that the instructions for safe use provided by the manufacturer in accordance with Council Directive 93/42/EEC                              of 14 June 1993 concerning medical devices(12) are followed;                           

(b)Member States may allow for an equivalent or more specific protection system to be implemented for personnel working in operational                        military installations or involved in military activities, including in joint international military exercises, provided that                        adverse health effects and safety risks are prevented;                  

(c)Member States may allow, in duly justified circumstances and only for as long as they remain duly justified, for the ELVs                        to be temporarily exceeded in specific sectors or for specific activities outside the scope of points (a) and (b). For the                        purposes of this point, ‘duly justified circumstances’ shall mean circumstances in which the following conditions are met:                  

the risk assessment carried out in accordance with Article 4 has shown that the ELVs are exceeded;

given the state of the art, all technical and/or organisational measures have been applied;

the specific characteristics of the workplace, work equipment, or work practices have been taken into account; and

the employer demonstrates that workers are still protected against adverse health effects and safety risks, including using                              comparable, more specific and internationally recognised standards and guidelines.                           

2.Member States shall inform the Commission of any derogation under points (b) and (c) of paragraph 1 and shall state the reasons                        that justify them in the report referred to in Article 15.                  

### Article 11U.K.Technical amendments of the Annexes

1.The Commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 12 amending, in a purely technical way,                        the Annexes, so as to:                  

(a)take into account the adoption of regulations and directives in the field of technical harmonisation and standardisation with                        regard to the design, building, manufacture or construction of work equipment or workplaces;                  

(b)take into account technical progress, changes in the most relevant standards or specifications, and new scientific findings                        concerning electromagnetic fields;                  

(c)make adjustments to the ALs where there is new scientific evidence, provided that employers continue to be bound by the existing                        ELVs set out in Annexes II and III.                  

2.The Commission shall adopt a delegated act, in accordance with Article 12, to insert into Annex II the ICNIRP guidelines for                        limiting exposure to electric fields induced by movement of the human body in a static magnetic field and by time-varying                        magnetic fields below 1 Hz as soon as they are available.                  

3.Where, in the case of the amendments referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2, imperative grounds of urgency so require, the procedure                        provided for in Article 13 shall apply to delegated acts adopted pursuant to this Article.                  

### Article 12U.K.Exercise of the delegation

1.The power to adopt delegated acts is conferred on the Commission subject to the conditions laid down in this Article.                  

2.The power to adopt delegated acts referred to in Article 11 shall be conferred on the Commission for a period of five years                        from 29 June 2013. The Commission shall draw up a report in respect of the delegation of power not later than nine months                        before the end of the five-year period. The delegation of power shall be tacitly extended for periods of an identical duration,                        unless the European Parliament or the Council opposes such extension not later than three months before the end of each period.                  

3.The delegation of powers referred to in Article 11 may be revoked at any time by the European Parliament or by the Council.                        A decision to revoke shall put an end to the delegation of the power specified in that decision. It shall take effect the                        day following the publication of the decision in the *Official Journal of the European Union* or at a later date specified therein. It shall not affect the validity of any delegated acts already in force.                  

4.As soon as it adopts a delegated act, the Commission shall notify it simultaneously to the European Parliament and to the                        Council.                  

5.A delegated act adopted pursuant to Article 11 shall enter into force only if no objection has been expressed either by the                        European Parliament or the Council within a period of two months of notification of that act to the European Parliament and                        the Council or if, before the expiry of that period, the European Parliament and the Council have both informed the Commission                        that they will not object. That period shall be extended by two months at the initiative of the European Parliament or of                        the Council.                  

### Article 13U.K.Urgency procedure

1.Delegated acts adopted under this Article shall enter into force without delay and shall apply as long as no objection is                        expressed in accordance with paragraph 2. The notification of a delegated act to the European Parliament and to the Council                        shall state the reasons for the use of the urgency procedure which shall relate to the health and protection of workers.                  

2.Either the European Parliament or the Council may object to a delegated act in accordance with the procedure referred to in                        Article 12(5). In such a case, the Commission shall repeal the act without delay following the notification of the decision                        to object by the European Parliament or by the Council.                  

## CHAPTER IVU.K.**FINAL PROVISIONS**

### Article 14U.K.Practical guides

In order to facilitate the implementation of this Directive the Commission shall make available non-binding practical guides                     at the latest six months before 1 July 2016. Those practical guides shall, in particular relate to the following issues:                  

the determination of exposure, taking into account appropriate European or international standards, including:
                -  calculation methods for the assessment of the ELVs, 
                -  spatial averaging of external electric and magnetic fields, 
                -  guidance for dealing with measurements and calculations uncertainties; 

guidance on demonstrating compliance in special types of non-uniform exposure in specific situations, based on well-established                              dosimetry;                           

the description of the ‘weighted peak method’ for the low frequency fields and of the ‘multifrequency fields summation’ for                              high frequency fields;                           

the conduct of the risk assessment and, wherever possible, the provision of simplified techniques, taking into account in                              particular the needs of SMEs;                           

measures aimed at avoiding or reducing risks, including specific prevention measures depending on the level of exposure and                              the workplace characteristics;                           

the establishment of documented working procedures, as well as specific information and training measures for workers exposed                              to electromagnetic fields during MRI-related activities falling under Article 10(1)(a);                           

the evaluation of exposures in the frequency range from 100 kHz to 10 MHz, where both thermal and non-thermal effects are                              to be considered;                           

the guidance on medical examinations and health surveillance to be provided by the employer in accordance with Article 8(2).

The Commission shall work in close cooperation with the Advisory Committee for Safety and Health at Work. The European Parliament                     shall be kept informed.                  

### Article 15U.K.Review and reporting

Taking into account Article 1(4), the report on the practical implementation of this Directive shall be established in accordance                     with Article 17a of Directive 89/391/EEC.                  

### Article 16U.K.Transposition

1.Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive                        by 1 July 2016.                  

When Member States adopt those provisions, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or be accompanied by such a reference                     on the occasion of their official publication. Member States shall determine how such a reference is to be made.                  

2.Member States shall communicate to the Commission the text of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the                        field covered by this Directive.                  

### Article 17U.K.Repeal

1.Directive 2004/40/EC is repealed from 29 June 2013.                  

2.References to the repealed Directive shall be construed as references to this Directive and shall be read in accordance with                        the correlation table set out in Annex IV.                  

### Article 18U.K.Entry into force

This Directive shall enter into force on the day of its publication in the *Official Journal of the European Union*.                  

### Article 19U.K.Addressees

This Directive is addressed to the Member States.

Done at Brussels, 26 June 2013.

*For the European Parliament*                            

*The President*                            

M. Schulz                            

*For the Council*                            

*The President*                            

A. Shatter                            

## ANNEX IU.K.**PHYSICAL QUANTITIES REGARDING THE EXPOSURE TO ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS**

The following physical quantities are used to describe the exposure to electromagnetic fields:
          -  Electric field strength (E) is a vector quantity that corresponds to the force exerted on a charged particle regardless of                           its motion in space. It is expressed in volt per metre (Vm–1). A distinction has to be made between the environmental electric field and the electric field present in the body (in situ)                           as a result of exposure to the environmental electric field.                         
          -  Limb current (IL) is the current in the limbs of a person exposed to electromagnetic fields in the frequency range from 10 MHz to 110 MHz                           as a result of contact with an object in an electromagnetic field or the flow of capacitive currents induced in the exposed                           body. It is expressed in ampere (A).                         
          -  Contact current (IC) is a current that appears when a person comes into contact with an object in an electromagnetic field. It is expressed in                           ampere (A). A steady state contact current occurs when a person is in continuous contact with an object in an electromagnetic                           field. In the process of making such contact, a spark discharge may occur with associated transient currents.                         
          -  Electric charge (Q) is an appropriate quantity used for spark discharge and is expressed in coulomb (C). 
          -  Magnetic field strength (H) is a vector quantity that, together with the magnetic flux density, specifies a magnetic field                           at any point in space. It is expressed in ampere per metre (Am–1).                         
          -  Magnetic flux density (B) is a vector quantity resulting in a force that acts on moving charges, expressed in tesla (T). In                           free space and in biological materials, magnetic flux density and magnetic field strength can be interchanged using the magnetic                           field strength of H = 1 Am–1 equivalence to magnetic flux density of    T (approximately 1,25 microtesla).                         
          -  Power density (S) is an appropriate quantity used for very high frequencies, where the depth of penetration in the body is                           low. It is the radiant power incident perpendicular to a surface, divided by the area of the surface. It is expressed in watt                           per square metre (Wm–2).                         
          -  Specific energy absorption (SA) is an energy absorbed per unit mass of biological tissue, expressed in joule per kilogram                           (Jkg–1). In this Directive, it is used for establishing limits for effects from pulsed microwave radiation.                         
          -  Specific energy absorption rate (SAR), averaged over the whole body or over parts of the body, is the rate at which energy                           is absorbed per unit mass of body tissue and is expressed in watt per kilogram (Wkg–1). Whole-body SAR is a widely accepted quantity for relating adverse thermal effects to radio frequency (RF) exposure. Besides                           the whole-body average SAR, local SAR values are necessary to evaluate and limit excessive energy deposition in small parts                           of the body resulting from special exposure conditions. Examples of such conditions include: an individual exposed to RF in                           the low MHz range (e.g. from dielectric heaters) and individuals exposed in the near field of an antenna.                         

Of these quantities, magnetic flux density (B), contact current (IC), limb current (IL), electric field strength (E), magnetic field strength (H), and power density (S) can be measured directly.                  

## ANNEX IIU.K.

### **NON-THERMAL EFFECTS****EXPOSURE LIMIT VALUES AND ACTION LEVELS IN THE FREQUENCY RANGE FROM 0 Hz TO 10 MHz**U.K.

#### A.EXPOSURE LIMIT VALUES (ELVs)U.K.

ELVs below 1 Hz (Table A1) are limits for static magnetic field which is not affected by the tissue of the body.

ELVs for frequencies from 1 Hz to 10 MHz (Table A2) are limits for electric fields induced in the body from exposure to time-varying                     electric and magnetic fields.                  

ELVs for external magnetic flux density from 0 to 1 Hz

The sensory effects ELV is the ELV for normal working conditions (Table A1) and is related to vertigo and other physiological                     effects related to disturbance of the human balance organ resulting mainly from moving in a static magnetic field                  

The health effects ELV for controlled working conditions (Table A1) is applicable on a temporary basis during the shift when                     justified by the practice or process, provided that preventive measures, such as controlling movements and providing information                     to workers, have been adopted.                  

##### *Table A1*

**ELVs for external magnetic flux density (B0) from 0 to 1 Hz**

Health effects ELVs for internal electric field strength from 1 Hz to 10 MHz

Health effects ELVs (Table A2) are related to electric stimulation of all peripheral and central nervous system tissues in                     the body, including the head.                  

##### *Table A2*

**Health effects ELVs for internal electric field strength from 1 Hz to 10 MHz**

##### Note A2-1:f is the frequency expressed in hertz (Hz).U.K.

##### Note A2-2:The health effects ELVs for internal electric field are spatial peak values in the entire body of the exposed subject.U.K.

##### Note A2-3:The ELVs are peak values in time which are equal to the Root-Mean-Square (RMS) values multiplied by √2 for sinusoidal fields.                        In the case of non-sinusoidal fields, exposure evaluation carried out in accordance with Article 4 shall be based on the weighted                        peak method (filtering in time domain), explained in the practical guides referred to in Article 14 but other scientifically                        proven and validated exposure evaluation procedures can be applied, provided that they lead to approximately equivalent and                        comparable results.U.K.

Sensory effects ELVs for internal electric field strength from 1 Hz to 400 Hz

The sensory effects ELVs (Table A3) are related to electric field effects on the central nervous system in the head, i.e.                     retinal phosphenes and minor transient changes in some brain functions.                  

##### *Table A3*

**Sensory effects ELVs for internal electric field strength from 1 to 400 Hz**

##### Note A3-1:f is the frequency expressed in hertz (Hz).U.K.

##### Note A3-2:The sensory effects ELVs for internal electric field are spatial peak values in the head of the exposed subject.U.K.

##### Note A3-3:The ELVs are peak values in time which are equal to the Root-Mean-Square (RMS) values multiplied by √2 for sinusoidal fields.                        In the case of non-sinusoidal fields, the exposure evaluation carried out in accordance with Article 4 shall be based on the                        weighted peak method (filtering in time domain), explained in the practical guides referred to in Article 14, but other scientifically                        proven and validated exposure evaluation procedures can be applied, provided that they lead to approximately equivalent and                        comparable results.U.K.

#### B.ACTION LEVELS (ALs)U.K.

The following physical quantities and values are used to specify the action levels (ALs), the magnitude of which are established                     to ensure by simplified assessment the compliance with relevant ELVs or at which relevant protection or prevention measures                     specified in Article 5 must be taken:                  
          -  Low ALs(E) and high ALs(E) for electric field strength E of time varying electric fields as specified in Table B1; 
          -  Low ALs(B) and high ALs(B) for magnetic flux density B of time varying magnetic fields as specified in Table B2; 
          -  ALs(IC) for contact current as specified in Table B3;                         
          -  ALs(B0) for magnetic flux density of static magnetic fields as specified in Table B4.                         

ALs correspond to calculated or measured electric and magnetic field values at the workplace in the absence of the worker.

Action levels (ALs) for exposure to electric fields

Low ALs (Table B1) for external electric field are based on limiting the internal electric field below the ELVs (Tables A2                     and A3) and limiting spark discharges in the working environment.                  

Below high ALs, the internal electric field does not exceed the ELVs (Tables A2 and A3) and annoying spark discharges are                     prevented, provided that the protection measures referred to in Article 5(6) are taken.                  

##### *Table B1*

**ALs for exposure to electric fields from 1 Hz to 10 MHz**

##### Note B1-1:f is the frequency expressed in hertz (Hz).U.K.

##### Note B1-2:The low ALs (E) and high ALs (E) are the Root-Mean-Square (RMS) values of the electric field strength which are equal to the                        peak values divided by √2 for sinusoidal fields. In the case of non-sinusoidal fields, the exposure evaluation carried out                        in accordance with Article 4 shall be based on the weighted peak method (filtering in time domain), explained in the practical                        guides referred to in Article 14, but other scientifically proven and validated exposure evaluation procedures can be applied,                        provided that they lead to approximately equivalent and comparable results.U.K.

##### Note B1-3:ALs represent maximum calculated or measured values at the workers’ body position. This results in a conservative exposure                        assessment and automatic compliance with ELVs in all non-uniform exposure conditions. In order to simplify the assessment                        of compliance with ELVs, carried out in accordance with Article 4, in specific non-uniform conditions, criteria for the spatial                        averaging of measured fields based on established dosimetry will be laid down in the practical guides referred to in Article                        14. In the case of a very localised source within a distance of a few centimetres from the body, the induced electric field                        shall be determined dosimetrically, case by case.U.K.

Action levels (ALs) for exposure to magnetic fields

Low ALs (Table B2) are, for frequencies below 400 Hz, derived from the sensory effects ELVs (Table A3) and, for frequencies                     above 400 Hz, from the health effects ELVs for internal electric field (Table A2).                  

High ALs (Table B2) are derived from the health effects ELVs for internal electric field related to electric stimulation of                     peripheral and autonomous nerve tissues in head and trunk (Table A2). Compliance with the high ALs ensures that health effects                     ELVs are not exceeded, but the effects related to retinal phosphenes and minor transient changes in brain activity are possible,                     if the exposure of the head exceeds the low ALs for exposures up to 400 Hz. In such a case, Article 5(6) applies.                  

ALs for exposure of limbs are derived from the health effects ELVs for internal electric field related to electric stimulation                     of the tissues in limbs by taking into account that the magnetic field is coupled more weakly to the limbs than to the whole                     body.                  

##### *Table B2*

**ALs for exposure to magnetic fields from 1 Hz to 10 MHz**

##### Note B2-1:f is the frequency expressed in hertz (Hz).U.K.

##### Note B2-2:The low ALs and the high ALs are the Root-Mean-Square (RMS) values which are equal to the peak values divided by √2 for sinusoidal                        fields. In the case of non-sinusoidal fields the exposure evaluation carried out in accordance with Article 4 shall be based                        on the weighted peak method (filtering in time domain), explained in practical guides referred to in Article 14, but other                        scientifically proven and validated exposure evaluation procedures can be applied, provided that they lead to approximately                        equivalent and comparable results.U.K.

##### Note B2-3:ALs for exposure to magnetic fields represent maximum values at the workers’ body position. This results in a conservative                        exposure assessment and automatic compliance with ELVs in all non-uniform exposure conditions. In order to simplify the assessment                        of compliance with ELVs, carried out in accordance with Article 4, in specific non-uniform conditions, criteria for the spatial                        averaging of measured fields based on established dosimetry will be laid down in the practical guides referred to in Article                        14. In the case of a very localised source within a distance of a few centimetres from the body, the induced electric field                        shall be determined dosimetrically, case by case.U.K.

##### *Table B3*

**ALs for contact current IC**

##### Note B3-1:f is the frequency expressed in kilohertz (kHz).U.K.

Action levels (ALs) for magnetic flux density of static magnetic fields

##### *Table B4*

**ALs for magnetic flux density of static magnetic fields**

## ANNEX IIIU.K.

### **THERMAL EFFECTS****EXPOSURE LIMIT VALUES AND ACTION LEVELS IN THE FREQUENCY RANGE FROM 100 kHz TO 300 GHz**U.K.

#### A.EXPOSURE LIMIT VALUES (ELVs)U.K.

Health effects ELVs for frequencies from 100 kHz to 6 GHz (Table A1) are limits for energy and power absorbed per unit mass                     of body tissue generated from exposure to electric and magnetic fields.                  

Sensory effects ELVs for frequencies from 0,3 to 6 GHz (Table A2) are limits on absorbed energy in a small mass of tissue                     in the head from exposure to electromagnetic fields.                  

Health effects ELVs for frequencies above 6 GHz (Table A3) are limits for power density of an electromagnetic wave incident                     on the body surface.                  

##### *Table A1*

**Health effects ELVs for exposure to electromagnetic fields from 100 kHz to 6 GHz**

##### Note A1-1:Localised SAR averaging mass is any 10 g of contiguous tissue; the maximum SAR so obtained should be the value used for estimating                        exposure. This 10 g of tissue is intended to be a mass of contiguous tissue with roughly homogeneous electrical properties.                        In specifying a contiguous mass of tissue, it is recognised that this concept may be used in computational dosimetry but may                        present difficulties for direct physical measurements. A simple geometry, such as cubic or spheric tissue mass, can be used.U.K.

Sensory effects ELVs from 0,3 GHz to 6 GHz

This sensory effects ELVs (Table A2) is related to avoiding auditory effects caused by exposures of the head to pulsed microwave                     radiation.                  

##### *Table A2*

**Sensory effects ELVs for exposure to electromagnetic fields from 0,3 to 6 GHz**

##### Note A2-1:Localised SA averaging mass is 10 g of tissue.U.K.

##### *Table A3*

**Health effects ELVs for exposure to electromagnetic fields from 6 to 300 GHz**

##### Note A3-1:The power density shall be averaged over any 20 cm2 of exposed area. Spatial maximum power densities averaged over 1 cm2 should not exceed 20 times the value of 50 Wm–2. Power densities from 6 to 10 GHz are to be averaged over any six-minute period. Above 10 GHz, the power density shall be                        averaged over any 68/f1,05-minute period (where f is the frequency in GHz) to compensate for progressively shorter penetration depth, as the frequency                        increases.U.K.

#### B.ACTION LEVELS (ALs)U.K.

The following physical quantities and values are used to specify the action levels (ALs), the magnitude of which are established                     to ensure by simplified assessment the compliance with the relevant ELVs or at which relevant protection or prevention measures                     specified in Article 5 must be taken:                  
          -  ALs(E) for electric field strength E of time varying electric field, as specified in Table B1; 
          -  ALs(B) for magnetic flux density B of time varying magnetic field, as specified in Table B1; 
          -  ALs(S) for power density of electromagnetic waves, as specified in Table B1; 
          -  ALs(IC) for contact current, as specified in Table B2;                         
          -  ALs(IL) for limb current, as specified in Table B2;                         

ALs correspond to calculated or measured field values at the workplace in the absence of the worker, as maximum value at the                     position of the body or specified part of the body.                  

Action levels (ALs) for exposure to electric and magnetic fields

ALs(E) and ALs(B) are derived from the SAR or power density ELVs (Tables A1 and A3) based on the thresholds related to internal                     thermal effects caused by exposure to (external) electric and magnetic fields.                  

##### *Table B1*

**ALs for exposure to electric and magnetic fields from 100 kHz to 300 GHz**

##### Note B1-1:f is the frequency expressed in hertz (Hz).U.K.

##### Note B1-2:[ALs(E)]2 and [ALs(B)]2 are to be averaged over a six-minute period. For RF pulses, the peak power density averaged over the pulse width shall not                        exceed 1 000 times the respective ALs(S) value. For multi-frequency fields, the analysis shall be based on summation, as explained                        in the practical guides referred to in Article 14.U.K.

##### Note B1-3:ALs(E) and ALs(B) represent maximum calculated or measured values at the workers’ body position. This results in a conservative                        exposure assessment and automatic compliance with ELVs in all non-uniform exposure conditions. In order to simplify the assessment                        of compliance with ELVs, carried out in accordance with Article 4, in specific non-uniform conditions, criteria for the spatial                        averaging of measured fields based on established dosimetry will be laid down in the practical guides referred to in Article                        14. In the case of a very localised source within a distance of a few centimetres from the body, compliance with ELVs shall                        be determined dosimetrically, case by case.U.K.

##### Note B1-4:The power density shall be averaged over any 20 cm2 of exposed area. Spatial maximum power densities averaged over 1 cm2 should not exceed 20 times the value of 50 Wm–2. Power densities from 6 to 10 GHz are to be averaged over any six-minute period. Above 10 GHz, the power density shall be                        averaged over any 68/f1,05-minute period (where f is the frequency in GHz) to compensate for progressively shorter penetration depth as the frequency                        increases.U.K.

##### *Table B2*

**ALs for steady state contact currents and induced limb currents**

##### Note B2-1:[ALs(IL)]2 is to be averaged over a six-minute period.U.K.

## ANNEX IVU.K.

### **Correlation table**

1

OJ C 43, 15.2.2012, p. 47.                           

2

Position of the European Parliament of 11 June 2013 (not yet published in the Official Journal) and decision of the Council                              of 20 June 2013.                           

3

OJ L 159, 30.4.2004, p. 1.                           

4

OJ L 114, 26.4.2008, p. 88.                           

5

OJ L 110, 24.4.2012, p. 1.                           

6

OJ L 183, 29.6.1989, p. 1.                           

7

OJ C 218, 13.9.2003, p. 1.                           

8

OJ C 369, 17.12.2011, p. 14.                           

9

OJ L 281, 23.11.1995, p. 31.                           

10

OJ L 245, 26.8.1992, p. 23.                           

11

OJ L 393, 30.12.1989, p. 18.                           

12

OJ L 169, 12.7.1993, p. 1.