# Patent

## Title
Presence registration and routing node

## Abstract

A presence registration and routing node receives a message indicative of a telephony-related action performed by a user. In response to the message, the presence registration and routing node sends a message to a presence server for updating presence information regarding the user in a presence server database.

## Background
RELATED APPLICATION INFORMATION
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/191,278, filed Mar. 22, 2000, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.


1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to presence database services, and more particularly to the routing and processing of presence service related signaling messages in a communications network.
2. Background Art
Instant messaging (IM), as it is currently known within the communications industry, is an Internet technology that allows subscribers to send and receive text messages, voice messages and other data in near real-time. While IM started as a way to chat with friends, the technology has become an essential tool for many businesses, as it offers the convenience of e-mail and the immediacy of a phone call, as well as file transfers and voice messaging.
Instant messaging is possible because the people sending and receiving messages remain constantly connected to their IM service. Recipients get messages as fast as the data can travel across the Internet. Conventional e-mail, on the other hand, is less immediate. E-mail technology sends messages to a server that stores the items until they are downloaded by the recipient's e-mail software. Many industry experts argue that it is the “instant” or near real-time communication characteristic that has made and will continue to make IM a mode of communication in the future.
At present, when a subscriber logs in to an IM service, the subscriber's software notifies a presence server or similar client based presence system that the subscriber is available to receive messages. Such a scenario is generally illustrated in FIG. 1. Once the subscriber is logged in or “registered,” the subscriber can choose to send a message to another online user. From a network communication perspective, such a communication is accomplished via the sending of data packets containing address and user-type information to the intended recipient. Depending on which service is used, a server either directly relays the message to the recipient or facilitates a direct connection between the sender of a message and the recipient. In FIG. 1, communication between IM clients 100 is facilitated by presence server 102. In order to communicate with other instant message clients, subscribers send registration messages to presence server 102. The registration messages may contain contact information for IM clients 102. A proposed presence protocol for performing registration and subscription services will be discussed in more detail below.
IM services typically employ one of three means to move messages around: a centralized network, a peer-to-peer connection, or a combination of both. In a centralized setup, users are connected to each other through a series of data servers. Such servers effectively form a wide area network (WAN). Consequently, when an instant message is sent by a subscriber, at least one of the data servers finds the intended recipient's PC address and routes the message through the network until it reaches its destination.
In the peer-to-peer approach, a central server maintains a database of online subscribers and their associated Internet Protocol addresses. After a subscriber logs in, such a server sends the subscriber the IP addresses of everyone on the subscriber's contact list who is also currently logged on.
When a subscriber wishes to send an instant message to another user, the subscriber's client sends the IM directly to the user's client, without involving the server. As such, all IM message traffic does not necessarily go through the entire network. Such an architecture tends to result in improved network performance, as compared to other IM schemes.
An excellent discussion of a proposed presence protocol can be found in “The Presence Protocol,” internet-draft-saraswat-presenceprotocol-00.txt, Feb. 26, 1999, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In the proposed presence protocol specification, a presence server is defined as a server that manages presence information for a collection of entities, subscriptions to those entities, and their privacy restrictions.
Each server has an address at which presence messages may be delivered. Presence information is defined in the proposed presence server protocol specification as information such as presence status, current point-of presence (if any), idle time, etc., for an entity. As used herein, the term presence information refers to any information regarding an end user or entity, including, but not limited to: end user location, end user status, media capabilities of a telephony gateway associated with the end user, end user directory number, end user IP address, etc.
An entity has control over publication of its presence information. An entity is defined as the unit, e.g., the person, on whose behalf presence information is being maintained. Each entity has a unique handle. The identity of the presence server maintaining presence information for the entity can be determined from the handle. A handle is well known name for an entity. An example of a handle is pp://www.intercom.att.com/TyrantRana. Finally, a point of presence (PoP) is defined as a point of presence for an entity. If an entity is present, it is connected to one PoP. Each PoP has an address, e.g., an IP address and a port number, at which presence messages may be delivered.
A typical example of how the presence protocol may be used is as follows. An entity A connected to an endpoint E may subscribed through a presence server P to another entity B. When the status of B changes, P will notify E of the change in status of B, if B's privacy specifications allow. If P is unable to notify E, for instance, because E is unreachable, P marks E as absent and will subsequently not attempt to deliver to E until E reestablishes its presence. In addition, P may periodically ping an endpoint for current status information on the entities connected through that endpoint. Such a heartbeat from the presence server ensures that presence information stored at the server is current.
Once presence information about an entity is delivered to an endpoint, the endpoint may directly contact the entity. Protocols for exchanging instant messages, file transfer, etc. between two such endpoints are not defined in the above-referenced presence protocol specification. Similarly, the protocol used for communication between clients and PoPs is outside the scope of the presence protocol specification. In addition, the transport protocol used to deliver presence messages including presence registration and update messages is not defined in the presence protocol specification.
One thing that the presence protocol specification does specify is message types used to perform presence-related actions. It is these message types that may be sent by a presence server to update and obtain presence information from a presence database. The message types include an assert message, which is sent by a PoP whenever the presence information associated with an entity changes. A fetch message is a request sent to the presence server to obtain presence information regarding a target specified in the fetch message. A subscribe message is a message sent to the presence server to allow the subscriber to receive presence information updates regarding a target specified in the subscribe message. A notify message is a message sent by the presence server to a requestor or a subscriber to convey presence information about a named entity.
There are currently models, including the models described above, that provide for instant messaging (IM) and presence services within the scope of an Internet Protocol/data network environment. It will be appreciated from the discussion above that one of the key elements of IM operation involves the ability for one subscriber to “know” when another subscriber is logged in or is “available.” From the discussion above, it will also be appreciated that the ability to track the login status, otherwise known as “presence,” of Internet users is fairly well developed and widely practiced. However, as communication networking technology has continued to evolve at a rapid pace, so have the means by which end users or subscribers can communicate. More particularly, the explosive growth of hand-held, wireless communication terminals, such as cell phones, wireless Web phones, and personal digital assistants has led to a demand for inter-networking or inter-medium communication solutions. In other words, it is rapidly becoming useful for a subscriber to have his or her wireless phone status or “presence” known to other subscribers, where these other subscribers may be using a variety of communication mediums, such as wireless phone service, wired phone service, short message service (SMS), or Internet service.
At present, such data network-based presence models do not address the implementation of these services within a traditional Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) environment. Again, with the continuing movement towards the convergence of data and telephony networks, there exists the need to provide a system and method of enabling instant messaging and presence services in a communications environment that includes components of both traditional data and traditional telephony networks. Therefore, what is needed is an instant messaging/presence model for use in a converged data and telephony network.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
According to one aspect, the present invention includes a presence registration and routing node. The presence registration and routing node receives a signaling system 7 (SS7) message in response to a telephony-related action, such as the activation of a mobile handset, the dialing of a directory number to establish a call, or the entry of predetermined DTMF digits. In response to the SS7 message, the presence registration and routing node formulates a presence-server-compatible message for updating presence information regarding an end user in a presence server database. The presence-server-compatible message may be in any presence-server-compatible format, including session initiation protocol (SIP), presence, and Instant messaging and presence protocol (IMPP). SIP is defined in RFC 2543, SIP: Session Initiation Protocol (March 1999), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. IMPP is defined in RFC 2778, A Model for Instant Messaging, (February 2000) and in RFC 2779: Instant Messaging/Presence Protocol Requirements (February 2000), the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Presence is defined in a variety of documents, including the IETF Internet draft mentioned above and other IETF documents that will be discussed below. The present invention is not intended to be limited to any specific presence protocol format. The formats discussed herein are examples of presence protocol formats suitable for use with the present invention.
According to another aspect, a presence registration and routing node includes an advanced database communications module (ADCM) for receiving queries for presence information. The ADCM module forwards the queries to a presence application, such as a SIP, IMPP, or presence application. The presence application formulates a presence-server-compatible message, forwards the presence-server-compatible message to a presence database, receives a response from the database, and forwards the response to the ADCM module to be sent to the requestor over an IP network. The presence database may be internal or external to the presence registration and routing node.
Some aspects of the invention will be explained in terms of modules and processes. It is understood that these modules or processes may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Exemplary hardware upon which the processes and modules described below may execute includes a microprocessor, such as an Intel Pentium® processor and associated memory. Each of the modules in a presence registration and routing node according to the present invention may be a printed circuit board with a microprocessor and memory located thereon. The microprocessor may execute one or more computer programs for performing the presence registration and routing functions discussed below.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a presence registration and routing node for receiving SS7 messages in response to telephony-related actions and formulating presence-server-compatible messages in response to the SS7 messages.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a presence registration and routing node for receiving Internet Protocol (IP) encapsulated SS7 messages in response to telephony-related actions and formulating presence-server-compatible messages in response to the SS7 messages.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a presence registration and routing node capable of routing presence-server-compatible messages to a presence database and forwarding responses from the database over an IP network.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a presence registration and routing node that includes an internal or integrated presence database.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a presence registration and routing node that is adapted to maintain accounting or billing information related to presence database access.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating conventional presence and instant messaging message flow;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an SS7/IP gateway that may be modified to perform presence message processing according to embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a presence registration and routing node according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a presence registration and routing node according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 5(A) and 5(B) are a flow chart illustrating exemplary steps that may be performed by a presence and routing node in processing an IAM message according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating SCCP encapsulation of an ISUP IAM message;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating exemplary steps that may be performed by a presence registration and routing node in processing a TCAP message according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating the operation of a presence registration and routing node in a mobile telecommunications network according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating the operation of a presence registration and routing node in processing an IAM message according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating the operation of a presence registration and routing node for in processing a TCAP message according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a presence registration and routing node including an internal presence database according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a flow chart illustrating exemplary steps that may be performed by the presence registration and routing node illustrated in FIG. 11 in responding to a presence query for updating presence information according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a presence registration and routing node including an external presence database according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a presence registration and routing according to an embodiment of the present invention that includes a message accounting and billing subsystem;
FIG. 15 is a table that illustrates a sample usage and measurements database associated with a message accounting and billing subsystem of the present invention; and
FIG. 16 is a block diagram of a presence registration and routing according to an embodiment of the present invention that includes a presence database and message accounting and billing subsystem.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention includes a presence registration and routing (PRR) node for communicating with and routing messages between both Internet Protocol (IP) and Signaling System 7 (SS7) network nodes. In one embodiment, a PRR node employs an internal architecture similar to that of high performance STP and signaling gateway (SG) products which are marketed by Tekelec, Inc., of Calabasas, Calif. as the Eagle® STP and IP7 Secure GatewayTM, respectively. A block diagram that generally illustrates the base internal architecture of the Eagle® STP product is shown in FIG. 2. A detailed description of the Eagle® STP may be found in the Eagle® Feature Guide PN/910-1225-01, Rev. B, January 1998, published by Tekelec, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Similarly, a detailed description of the IP7 Secure GatewayTM may be found in Tekelec publication PN/909-0767-01, Rev B, August 1999, entitled Feature Notice IP7 Secure GatewayTM Release 1.0, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The specific functional components of an IP7 Secure GatewayTM for transmitting and receiving TCAP messages over an Internet Protocol (IP) network are described in commonly-assigned, co-pending International Patent Publication No. WO 00/35155, Published Jun. 15, 2000, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. As described in the above referenced Eagle® Feature Guide, an Eagle® STP 250 includes the following subsystems: a Maintenance and Administration Subsystem (MAS) 252, a communication subsystem 254 and an application subsystem 256. The MAS 252 provides maintenance communications, initial program load, peripheral services, alarm processing and system disks. The communication subsystem 254 includes an Interprocessor Message Transport (IMT) bus that is the main communication bus among all subsystems in the Eagle® STP 250. This high-speed communications system functions as two 125 Mbps counter-rotating serial buses.
The application subsystem 256 includes application cards that are capable of communicating with the other cards through the IMT buses. Numerous types of application cards can be incorporated into STP 250, including: a Link Interface Module (LIM) 258 that provides SS7 links and X.25 links and an Application Service Module (ASM) 262 that provides global title translation, gateway screening and other services. A Translation Service Module (TSM) 264 may also be provided to support triggered local number portability service. Once again, a detailed description of the Eagle® STP is provided in the above cited Eagle® Feature Guide and need not be described in detail herein. With particular regard to the signaling gateway (SG) product line produced by Tekelec, it should also be appreciated that a Database Communication Module (DCM) 260 can be employed to provide for the transport of Internet Protocol (IP) encapsulated SS7 messages over an IP network, as described in the above referenced Feature Notice IP7 Secure GatewayTM Release 1.0 publication. With further regard to the TSM triggered LNP services module mentioned above, a detailed description of the Tekelec triggered LNP solution may be found in the Feature Guide LNP LSMS PN/910-1598-01, Rev. A, January 1998, published by Tekelec, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference. Furthermore, systems and methods for providing triggerless LNP functionality within a network routing node are described in commonly-assigned, co-pending U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 09/503,541, filed Feb. 14, 2000, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
SS7 MSU Triggered Presence Registration Message Generation
Shown in FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a presence registration and routing node 300 of the present invention. It will be appreciated that presence registration and routing node 300 includes a high speed Interprocessor Message Transport (IMT) communications bus 310. Communicatively coupled to IMT bus 310 are a number of distributed processing modules or cards including a pair of Maintenance and Administration Subsystem Processors (MASPs) 312, an SS7 capable Link Interface Module (LIM) 320, an IP capable Advanced Database Communication Module (ADCM) 360, and a Presence Registration Module (PRM) 340. These modules are physically connected to the IMT bus 310 such that signaling and other type messages may be routed internally between all active cards or modules. For simplicity of illustration, only a single LIM 320, ADCM 360, and PRM 340 are included in FIG. 3. However, it should be appreciated that the distributed, multi-processor architecture of the presence registration and routing node 300 facilitates the deployment of multiple LIM, ADCM, PRM, and other cards, all of which could be simultaneously connected to the IMT bus 310.
MASP pair 312 implements the maintenance and administration subsystem functions described above. As the MASP pair 312 are not particularly relevant to a discussion of the flexible routing attributes of the present invention, a detailed discussion of their function is not provided herein. For a comprehensive discussion of additional MASP operations and functionality, the above-referenced Tekelec publications can be consulted.
Focusing now on LIM card functionality, it will be appreciated that LIM 320 is comprised of a number of sub-component processes including, but not limited to, an SS7 MTP level 1 process 322, an SS7 MTP level 2 process 324, an I/O buffer or queue 325, a gateway screening (GWS) process 326, a Presence Registration Request (PRR) stop action process 328, an SS7 MTP level 3 layer HMDC process 330, and an HMDT process 332. MTP level 1 and 2 processes 322 and 324, respectively, provide the facilities necessary to send and receive digital data over a particular physical media/physical interface, as well as to provide error detection/correction and sequenced delivery of all SS7 message packets. I/O queue 325 provides for temporary buffering of incoming and outgoing signaling message packets. GWS process 326 is responsible for examining the incoming signaling message and determining which, if any, of the provisioned stop actions are applicable. PRR stop action process 328 is responsible for making a copy of and subsequently encapsulating an incoming SS7 ISDN User Part (ISUP) IAM signaling message packet within an SS7 Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP) formatted packet. It should be appreciated that PRR stop action process 328 could also be configured to simply encapsulate the original incoming SS7 ISUP IAM signaling message, without making a copy. MTP level 3 HMDC process 330 receives signaling messages from the lower processing layers and performs a discrimination function, effectively determining whether an incoming SS7 message packet requires internal processing or is simply to be through switched. For instance, in the case of an SS7 TCAP message associated with presence registration or an SCCP encapsulated ISUP IAM message, HMDC process 330 would determine that the message should be internally routed for further processing. HMDT process 332 manages or directs the internal routing of SS7 message packets that require additional processing prior to final routing. Once again, it should be appreciated that a LIM card may contain more functional processes than those described above. The above discussion is limited to LIM functionality associated with the basic processing of in-bound signaling messages.
As such, it will be appreciated that the three functional processes associated with an Advanced Database Communication Module (ADCM) 360 shown in FIG. 3 are simply those processes that are relevant to a discussion of out-bound ADCM operation in the examples of PS routing node operation disclosed herein. Furthermore, it will be appreciated that ADCM 360 is similar in function to the DCM application module described above. In the case of ADCM 360, the message packets processed by the card need not be native SS7 type messages that have been encapsulated in an IP packet. Instead, the ADCM 360 is capable of processing, transmitting, and receiving both native SS7 and native IP protocol messages.
The processes explicitly shown on the out-bound ADCM 360 include an I/O queue 362 and IP level 1 and 2 processes 366 and 364, respectively. I/O queue 362 facilitates temporary buffering of incoming and outgoing signaling message packets, while IP addressing operations are performed by the IP level 1 and 2 processes 366 and 364, respectively.
Once again, the description of LIM and ADCM sub-components provided in the above description is limited to those sub-components that are relevant to the sample implementation scenarios discussed herein. For a comprehensive discussion of additional LIM and ADCM-type operations and functionality, the above-referenced Tekelec publications can be consulted.
In general, a PRM card includes the database and database control processes necessary to achieve the presence registration message generation and routing functionality of the present invention. The PRM 340 shown in FIG. 3 is comprised, in part, of an SCCP subsystem controller known as a Signaling Connection Routing Controller (SCRC) process 342, a Presence Registration Manager (PRMG) process 344, and a number of Presence Registration Applications generally indicated by reference numeral 346. Included among the presence registration applications is a session initiation protocol (SIP) registration application process 348 for generating SIP messages, forwarding the SIP messages to a presence server, and processing SIP messages received from the presence server. The format for SIP messages is described in detail in the above-referenced RFC 2543, which defines the SIP protocol. In addition, the portion of a SIP message that carries the media capabilities information for an end user device is referred to as the session description protocol portion. The session description protocol is described in detail in RFC 2327, “SDP: Session Description Protocol,” (April 1998), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Presence protocol process 349 may also be included for communicating with a presence server using the messages described in the above-referenced presence protocol specification.
Instant messaging and presence protocol (IMPP) process 351 may also be included for communicating with a presence server according to the IMPP protocol. The IMPP protocol is described in detail above and in one or more of the following IETF Internet draft documents:

    
    
        “Message Information Data Format,” <draft-ietf-impp-midf-01.txt>, Jan. 19, 2000;
        “Presence Information Data Format for IMPP,” <draft-ietf-impp-pidf-01.txt>, Mar. 10, 2000; and
        “Transport Protocol for Presence Information/Instant Messaging,” <draft-ietf-impp-pitp-mitp-01>, Mar. 9, 2000,

the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

    
    


The present invention is not limited to communicating with a presence server using SIP, IMPP, or presence protocols. Any protocol for communicating with a presence server is within the scope of the invention.
SCRC process 342 is responsible for discrimination of signaling messages at the SCCP level, and for distributing the signaling messages to an appropriate higher processing level application or function. In the configuration shown in FIG. 3, the next highest processing level is represented by PRMG process 344. PRMG process 344 is responsible for determining how to process the incoming message packet. For instance, if the message packet contains an SCCP encapsulated ISUP IAM message, PRMG process 344 is configured to de-capsulate the original ISUP IAM message and subsequently extract the appropriate information necessary for further processing from the de-capsulated message. However, if the incoming message were a TCAP formatted packet, no de-capsulation action would be required. In either case, PRMG process 344 is also charged with determining which of the provisioned presence registration applications is required for successful processing of a particular incoming signaling message packet. As will be appreciated from FIG. 3, a number of presence registration applications may be simultaneously provisioned on a single PRMG card. These presence registration applications may be configured such that each application is capable of generating presence registration messages that are formatted in different protocols including, but not limited to, SIP, IMPP, and presence protocol.
While any of the above-described presence registration applications may be provisioned on a single PRM card, SIP registration application 348 is used in the examples described herein to illustrate the functionality of the presence registration and routing node in updating presence information in a presence server database and obtaining presence information. SIP registration application 348 essentially contains the logic necessary to process the incoming SS7 message and construct the appropriate SIP-formatted presence registration message.
Shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 are system level diagrams of one embodiment of presence registration and routing node 300 of the present invention. Also indicated in both figures are general message flows associated with the processing of incoming SS7 signaling packets and the generation of outbound presence registration messages. More particularly, FIG. 3 illustrates the message flow associated with an incoming SS7 ISUP IAM message, while FIG. 4 indicates the message flow associated with an incoming SS7 TCAP message. A detailed flow chart of the major steps associated with one particular implementation of the SS7 triggered presence registration message generation process is presented in FIGS. 5a and 5b, and may be used in conjunction with the schematic diagram shown in FIG. 3 to better understand the ISUP IAM based presence registration message generation methodology.
Referring to FIG. 5(A), in step ST1, an incoming ISUP IAM message is received at inbound LIM module 320. In steps ST2 and ST3, the incoming ISUP IAM message is received and processed by the MTP Level 1 and 2 processes 322 and 324, respectively. With MTP Level 1 and 2 processing complete, the signaling message packet is temporarily buffered in the I/O queue 325 before being passed up the stack to the MTP Level 3 Gateway Screening (GWS) process 326. As indicated in step ST4, GWS process 326 examines the incoming ISUP IAM message and determines not only whether the message is to be allowed into the switch for further processing, but also which, if any, of the provisioned stop actions are applicable to the incoming message. In this example, GWS process 326 examines the incoming ISUP IAM message and determines that the message is permitted to enter the switch. Furthermore, upon examination of the Originating Point Code (OPC), Destination Point Code (DPC) and Service Indicator Octet (SIO) fields contained in the MTP routing layer, it is determined that the message requires additional processing by the PRR stop action 328 (ST5). In step ST6 PRR stop action process 328 receives the ISUP IAM message from GWS process 326 and determines that the incoming message is an ISUP type MSU. The PRR stop action process 328 next checks the DPC of the incoming MSU. More specifically, the PRR stop action verifies that the DPC of the incoming MSU is a valid PC. PRR stop action 328 examines the incoming MSU to determine whether presence registration service is required. If the incoming MSU is identified as being an ISUP IAM type message, PRR stop action 328 encapsulates a copy of the ISUP IAM message within an SCCP formatted MSU, as indicated in step ST6. Such SCCP encapsulation is effectively achieved by adding essential SCCP message leading and trailing bit sequences to the base bit sequence that comprises the ISUP IAM MSU, as generally illustrated in FIG. 6. Thus, an SCCP type encapsulated MSU is created which envelops or contains an ISUP type MSU. Subsequent to this encapsulation, the incoming message no longer appears or is treated as an ISUP IAM message within the presence registration and routing node 300, but is instead processed internally as an SCCP type SS7 message.
Unless additional processing by an unrelated subsystem is required, the original ISUP IAM MSU is then routed directly to HMDC process 330 where normal ISUP MSU type routing is resumed. However, once again, it should be appreciated that the original ISUP IAM MSU could be SCCP encapsulated and further processed instead of producing a copy of the ISUP MSU. It should also be appreciated that failure of the incoming ISUP MSU to meet the criteria specified in step causes the original, non-encapsulated MSU to be routed directly to HMDC process 330 where normal ISUP MSU type routing is resumed.
However, in the case where an incoming ISUP MSU satisfies the ST5 criteria, SCCP encapsulation of the ISUP MSU occurs and the resulting encapsulated MSU is directed to HMDC process 330 (ST7), where SCCP type processing is performed. In the example shown in FIG. 3, HMDC process 330 examines the message packet and determines that the DPC and Subsystem Number (SSN) of the SCCP packet is the point code of the presence registration and routing node. Consequently, further processing of the SCCP MSU within the routing node is assumed to be necessary, and the packet is passed to HMDT process 332. HMDT process 332 examines the Service Indicator (SI) field of the encapsulated MSU, which indicates that the encapsulating packet is of an SCCP type. As such, HMDT process 332 places the encapsulated SCCP MSU on high speed IMT bus 310 for transport to PRM 340 and subsequent presence registration service.
Referring to FIG. 5(B), in step ST8, the encapsulated SCCP MSU is received and examined by SCRC process 342 that is resident on PRM 340. SCRC process 342 examines the message, determines that presence registration service is indicated, and forwards the encapsulated MSU to the PRMG process 344, as indicated by step ST9. In step ST10, PRMG process 344 extracts the ISUP IAM MSU from the SCCP envelope and determines that the ISUP MSU requires the generation of a SIP-formatted presence registration message (ST11). The ISUP IAM MSU is subsequently directed to SIP application 348 for further processing (ST12). SIP application 348 examines the ISUP IAM MSU and, using information contained within the MSU, generates a SIP-formatted presence registration message (ST13).
With SIP processing complete, the SIP-formatted presence registration message is passed to HMRT process 350. HMRT process 350 determines to which ADCM card the SIP registration message packet should be routed for subsequent outbound transmission (ST14). In this case, the HMRT process 350 determines that the desired outbound signaling link associated with the routing of the SIP registration message is located on ADCM 360. Consequently, the SIP message packet is internally routed across the IMT bus 310 to LIM 360, where it is received by I/O queue 362 (ST15). Eventually, the modified message packet is passed from I/O queue 362 to the IP Level 2 and Level 1 processes 364 and 366, respectively (ST16). Once again, IP level 1 and 2 processes 366 and 364, respectively, provide the facilities necessary to send and receive digital data over a particular physical media/physical interface, as well as to provide error detection/correction and sequenced delivery of all IP message packets transmitted into the IP network. As indicated in step ST17, the SIP-formatted presence registration message is then transmitted into an IP network for ultimate delivery to and use by a presence database system.
It will be appreciated that the registration message generation methodology shown in FIG. 4 is fundamentally similar to the process indicated in FIGS. 5(A) and 5(B). The primary difference involves processing variations that result from the handling of SS7 ISUP versus SS7 TCAP type messages. Most notably, since a TCAP message is, in fact, also an SCCP message, there is no need to directly encapsulate or copy and encapsulate the incoming TCAP message. Instead the TCAP message is simply directed from the inbound LIM 320 to the associated PRM 340 via the high speed IMT Bus 310, in much the same manner as the SCCP encapsulated ISUP IAM described in detail above. As such, FIG. 7 presents a flow chart of the major steps associated with the processing of a TCAP-type presence registration request message, which may be used in conjunction with the schematic diagram shown in FIG. 4 to better understand the TCAP based presence registration message generation methodology.
With particular regard to the scenario generally illustrated in FIG. 4, an incoming TCAP-formatted presence registration request message is received at the inbound LIM module 320 (ST1). Once again, in steps ST2 and ST3, the incoming TCAP message is received and processed by the MTP Level 1 and 2 processes 322 and 324, respectively. With MTP Level 1 and 2 processing complete, the signaling message packet is temporarily buffered in the I/O queue 325 before being passed up the stack to the MTP Level 3 Gateway Screening (GWS) process 326. As indicated in step ST4, GWS process 326 examines the incoming TCAP message and determines not only whether the message is to be allowed into the switch for further processing, but also which, if any, of the provisioned stop actions are applicable to the incoming message. In the scenario shown in FIG. 4, GWS process 326 examines the incoming TCAP message and determines that the message is permitted to enter the switch. Furthermore, upon examination of the Originating Point Code (OPC), Destination Point Code (DPC) and Service Indicator Octet (SIO) fields contained in the MTP routing layer, it is determined that the message does not require additional processing by the PRR stop action 328. As such, the TCAP MSU is then routed directly to HMDC process 330 where SCCP type processing is performed (ST5). In the example shown in FIG. 4, HMDC process 330 examines the message packet and determines that the DPC and Subsystem Number (SSN) of the TCAP packet is the PC of the presence registration and routing node. Consequently, further processing of the TCAP MSU within the routing node is assumed to be necessary, and the packet is passed to the HMDT process 332. The HMDT process 332 examines the Service Indicator (SI) field of the TCAP MSU, which indicates that the packet is of an SCCP type. As such, HMDT process 332 places the TCAP MSU on high speed IMT bus 310 for transport to PRM 340 and subsequent presence registration service.
In step ST6, the TCAP MSU is received and examined by SCRC process 342 that is resident on PRM 340. SCRC process 342 examines the message, determines that presence registration service is indicated, and forwards the TCAP MSU to the PRMG process 344. As indicated in step ST7, the content of the TCAP message is examined to determine whether the TCAP presence registration request requires the generation of a SIP-formatted message. In this example, it is assumed that the TCAP registration request message requires a SIP-formatted response and, as such, is subsequently directed to SIP application 348 for further processing. SIP application 348 examines the TCAP MSU and, using information contained within the MSU, generates a SIP-formatted presence registration message (ST8).
With SIP processing complete, the SIP-formatted presence registration message is passed to HMRT process 350. HMRT process 350 determines to which ADCM card the SIP registration message packet should be routed for subsequent outbound transmission (ST9). In this case, the HMRT process 350 determines that the desired outbound signaling link associated with the routing of the SIP registration message is located on ADCM 360. Consequently, the SIP message packet is internally routed across the IMT bus 310 to LIM 360, where it is received by I/O queue 362 (ST10). Eventually, the modified message packet is passed from I/O queue 362 on to the IP Level 2 and Level 1 processes 364 and 366, respectively (ST11). As indicated in step ST12, the SIP-formatted presence registration message is then transmitted into an IP network for ultimate delivery to and use by a presence database system.
Shown in FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 are simplified network diagrams that illustrate example implementations of the embodiments described above. More particularly, FIG. 8 illustrates an implementation of the presence registration and routing node 300 of the present invention in a mobile or wireless telecommunications environment, generally indicated by the numeral 400. Network 400 includes a mobile subscriber 402, a base station complex 404, a mobile switching center (MSC) 406, a home location register (HLR) 408, and a presence server 410. It will be appreciated that the message flows shown in FIG. 8 indicate that the presence registration and routing node 300 formulates and transmits a presence registration message 416 in response to the receipt of a location update message 412 that is sent from the MSC 406. Those skilled in the art of wireless telecommunications will appreciate that an MSC performs a number of functions in a wireless network, including the formulation and routing of signaling messages. In the example shown in FIG. 8, the location update signaling message used by the presence registration and routing node 300 to trigger the presence registration message 416 is destined for HLR node 408. In such a wireless scenario, the presence registration message 416 could be formulated and transmitted by the presence registration and routing node in response to a mobile location update message associated with the registration of a wireless customer in a particular cell or service area. Once again, those skilled in the art of wireless or mobile telecommunications will appreciate that wireless or mobile signaling messages are generated and transmitted within a wireless network in response to the powering-up or turning-on of a customer's wireless phone, as well as in response to inter-cell movement of a mobile subscriber during the course of a mobile call. As such, the presence registration and routing node of the present invention facilitates a method of presence registration that is completely transparent to the cell or mobile phone user.
FIG. 9 illustrates an implementation of presence registration and routing node 300 of the present invention in a wired telecommunications environment, generally indicated by reference numeral 420. Network 420 includes a wireline subscriber 422, an end office (EO) 424, and a presence server 426. It will be appreciated that the message flows shown in FIG. 9 indicate that presence registration and routing node 300 formulates and transmits a presence registration message 434 in response to the receipt of an ISUP call signaling message from EO 424. More particularly, presence registration message 434 is generated in response to the receipt of an ISUP Initial Address Message (IAM) message 428. Those skilled in the art SS7 signaling will appreciate that an ISUP IAM message is the first in a sequence of ISUP formatted SS7 call control signaling messages that are required to complete a phone call in the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). As such, it will be appreciated that in the scenario illustrated in FIG. 9, presence registration message 434 is formulated in response to an attempt by wireline subscriber 422 to place a telephone call. As presence registration message generation is triggered by an ISUP IAM message, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art of SS7 telecommunications that completion of an attempted telephone call is not required in order for a presence registration message to be generated and transmitted to a presence server. Thus, any call attempts by wireline subscriber 422 will effectively register the subscriber's presence with presence server 426 via presence registration and routing node 300 of the present invention. It will also be appreciated from FIG. 9, that triggering ISUP IAM message 428 is subsequently routed to a destination address specified in the message.
Shown in FIG. 10 is a variation of the scenario that was illustrated in FIG. 9 whereby an SS7 signaling message used to trigger the formulation and subsequent transmission of a presence registration message is comprised of a TCAP-type message instead of an ISUP-type message. Shown in FIG. 10 is an implementation of presence registration and routing node 300 of the present invention in a wired telecommunications environment, generally indicated by reference numeral 440. Network 440 includes a wireline subscriber 442, an end office (EO) 444, and a presence server 446. In the particular embodiment shown in FIG. 10, it is assumed that the wireline subscriber 442 indirectly initiates a TCAP message 448 by dialing “*88” or a similar code on a telephone keypad. Once again, those skilled in the art of SS7 telecommunication networks will appreciate that generation of such TCAP messages is accomplished by an End Office (EO) or Service Switching Point (SSP) in response to the “*88” keystrokes, as generally indicated in FIG. 10. As such, by dialing “*88” wireline subscriber 442 is effectively manually registering his or her presence with the presence server via the generation of the TCAP message 448, which in turn causes the generation of a presence registration message 450 by presence registration and routing node 300 of the present invention.
Integrated Presence Database System
The embodiments of the present invention described in detail above can be easily extended to include a presence registration and routing node that is capable of maintaining a presence database system. One embodiment of such a presence registration and routing node is illustrated in FIG. 11, and generally indicated by reference numeral 500. It will be appreciated that in the particular embodiment presently contemplated, presence registration messages are not formulated and routed from the node. Instead presence registration takes place at or within the node. That is, in the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 11 and described below, the functionality of a presence server is included within presence registration and routing node 500.
With particular regard to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 11 and in a manner similar to the embodiment described above, it will be appreciated that presence registration and routing node 500 includes a high speed Interprocessor Message Transport (IMT) communications bus 310. Communicatively coupled to IMT bus 310 are a number of distributed processing modules or cards including a pair of Maintenance and Administration Subsystem Processors (MASPs) 312, an SS7 capable Link Interface Module (LIM) 320, an IP capable Advanced Database Communication Module (ADCM) 360, and a Presence Database Module (PDM) 502. These modules are physically connected to the IMT bus 310 such that signaling and other type messages may be routed internally between all active cards or modules. For simplicity of illustration, only a single LIM 320, ADCM 360, and PDM 502 are included in FIG. 11. However, it should be appreciated that the distributed, multi-processor architecture of the presence registration and routing node 500 facilitates the deployment of multiple LIM, ADCM, PDM, and other cards, all of which could be simultaneously connected to the IMT bus 310.
As in the previously described embodiment, MASP pair 312 implement the overall maintenance and administration subsystem functions. For a comprehensive discussion of additional MASP operations and functionality, the above-referenced Tekelec publications can be consulted.
Once again, it will be appreciated that LIM 320 is comprised of a number of sub-component processes including, but not limited to an SS7 MTP level 1 process 322, an SS7 MTP level 2 process 324, an I/O buffer or queue 325, a gateway screening (GWS) process 326, a Presence Server Request (PRR) stop action process 328, an SS7 MTP level 3 layer HMDC process 330, and an HMDT process 332. MTP level 1 and 2 processes 322 and 324, respectively, provide the facilities necessary to send and receive digital data over a particular physical media/physical interface, as well as to provide error detection/correction and sequenced delivery of all SS7 message packets. I/O queue 325 provides for temporary buffering of incoming and outgoing signaling message packets. GWS process 326 is responsible for examining the incoming signaling message and determining which, if any, of the provisioned stop actions are applicable. PRR stop action process 328 is responsible for making a copy of, and subsequently encapsulating, an incoming SS7 ISDN User Part (ISUP) IAM signaling message packet within an SS7 Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP) formatted packet. It should be appreciated that PRR stop action process 328 could also be configured to simply encapsulate the original incoming SS7 ISUP IAM signaling message, without making a copy. MTP level 3 HMDC process 330 receives signaling messages from the lower processing layers and performs a discrimination function, effectively determining whether an incoming SS7 message packet requires internal processing or is simply to be through switched. For instance, in the case of an SS7 TCAP message associated with presence registration or an SCCP encapsulated ISUP IAM message, HMDC process 330 would determine that the message should be internally routed for further processing. HMDT process 332 manages or directs the internal routing of SS7 message packets that require additional processing prior to final routing. Once again, it should be appreciated that a LIM card may contain more functional processes than those described above. The above discussion is limited to LIM functionality associated with the basic processing of in-bound signaling messages.
As such, it will be appreciated that the three functional processes associated with an Advanced Database Communication Module (ADCM) 360 shown in FIG. 11 are simply those processes that are relevant to a discussion of out-bound ADCM operation in the examples of PS routing node operation disclosed herein. Furthermore, it will be appreciated that ADCM 360 is similar in function to the DCM application module described above. In the case of ADCM 360, the message packets processed by the card need not be native SS7 type messages that have been encapsulated in an IP packet. Instead, the ADCM 360 is capable of processing, transmitting, and receiving both native SS7 and native IP protocol messages.
The processes explicitly shown on out-bound ADCM 360 include an I/O queue 362 and IP level 1 and 2 processes 366 and 364, respectively. I/O queue 362 facilitates temporary buffering of incoming and outgoing signaling message packets, while IP addressing operations are performed by IP level 1 and 2 processes 366 and 364, respectively.
Once again, the description of LIM and ADCM sub-components provided in the above description is limited to those sub-components that are relevant to the sample implementation scenarios discussed herein. For a comprehensive discussion of additional LIM and ADCM-type operations and functionality, the above-referenced Tekelec publications can be consulted.
In general, a PDM card includes the database and database control processes necessary to facilitate the presence registration and query handling functionality of the contemplated embodiment of the present invention. PDM 502 shown in FIG. 11 is comprised, in part, of an SCCP subsystem controller known as a Signaling Connection Routing Controller (SCRC) process 504, a Presence Database Manager (PDMG) process 510, and a number of Presence Database Interface (PDI) Applications generally indicated by the numeral 512. Included among PDI Applications 512 are session initiation protocol (SIP) application process 518, IMPP application process 514, and presence protocol process 519. SCRC process 504 is responsible for discrimination of signaling messages and subsequent distribution of these signaling messages to an appropriate higher processing level application or function. In the configuration shown in FIG. 11, the next highest processing level is represented by PDMG process 510. PDMG process 510 is generally responsible for determining which of the provisioned protocol-specific PDI Applications 512 is required process the incoming message packet. For instance, if the incoming presence registration packet contained a TCAP or SCCP-encapsulated IMPP message, PDMG process 510 would determine that provisioned PDI application 514 was required for successful processing. As will be appreciated from FIG. 11, a number of PDI applications 512 may be simultaneously provisioned on a single PDMG card. These protocol-specific PDI applications may be configured such that each application is capable of receiving presence registration or query messages that are formatted in different protocols including, but not limited to, SIP, IMPP, and the presence protocol. Furthermore, these PDI applications 512 are also capable of generating or formatting protocol-specific presence service related response messages. Such a presence service response message might include, but is not limited to, a message that provides presence status information for a specific user in response to a presence status query. This particular scenario is specifically illustrated in FIG. 11, where the presence status query packet assumes the form of an SS7 TCAP-encapsulated IMPP query message and the subsequent presence status response is contained within a SIP formatted message.
Once again, while any number or variety of PDI applications may be provisioned on a single PDM card, only IMPP, SIP, and presence protocol PDI applications 514, 518, and 519, respectively, are described herein. SIP PDI application 518 contains the logic necessary to process incoming SIP presence messages and construct outgoing SIP presence response messages. Similarly, IMPP PDI application 514 contains the logic necessary to process incoming IMPP formatted presence messages and construct outgoing IMPP formatted presence response messages. Presence PDI application 519 contains the logic necessary to process incoming presence query messages formatted according to the presence protocol and construct outgoing presence response messages formatted according to the presence protocol.
Also included in FIG. 11 is a general message flow associated with the processing of an incoming SS7 TCAP-encapsulated IMPP formatted presence query message and the subsequent, related presence system processing activity. A detailed flow chart of the major steps associated with a TCAP-encapsulated IMPP presence query scenario is presented in FIG. 12, and may be used in conjunction with the schematic diagram shown in FIG. 11 to better understand the operation of presence registration and routing node 500.
With particular regard to the scenario generally illustrated in FIG. 11, it is assumed that an incoming TCAP-encapsulated IMPP formatted presence query message is received at the inbound LIM module 320 (ST1). Once again, in steps ST2 and ST3, the incoming TCAP-encapsulated IMPP formatted presence query message is received and processed by the MTP Level 1 and 2 processes 322 and 324, respectively. With MTP Level 1 and 2 processing complete, the signaling message packet is temporarily buffered in the I/O queue 325 before being passed up the stack to the MTP Level 3 Gateway Screening (GWS) process 326. As indicated in step ST4, GWS process 326 examines the incoming TCAP presence query message and determines not only whether the message is to be allowed into the switch for further processing, but also which, if any, of the provisioned stop actions are applicable to the incoming message. In the scenario shown in FIG. 11, GWS process 326 examines the incoming TCAP-encapsulated IMPP presence query message and determines that the message is permitted to enter the switch. Furthermore, upon examination of the Originating Point Code (OPC), Destination Point Code (DPC) and Service Indicator Octet (SIO) fields contained in the MTP routing layer, it is determined that the message does not require additional processing by PRR stop action 328. As such, the TCAP MSU is then routed directly to HMDC process 330 where SCCP type processing is performed (ST5). In the example shown in FIG. 11, HMDC process 330 examines the message packet and determines that the DPC and Subsystem Number (SSN) of the TCAP packet is the PC and SSN of the internal presence server database system that is located on PDM card 502. Consequently, further processing of the TCAP MSU within the routing node is assumed to be necessary, and the packet is passed to the HMDT process 332. HMDT process 332 examines the Service Indicator (SI) field of the TCAP MSU, which indicates that the packet is of an SCCP type. As such, HMDT process 332 places the TCAP MSU on high speed IMT bus 310 for transport to PDM 502 and subsequent presence database service.
In step ST6, the TCAP MSU is received and examined by SCRC process 504 that is resident on PDM 502. SCRC process 504 examines the message, determines that presence database service is indicated, and forwards the TCAP MSU to PDMG process 510. As indicated in step ST7, the message packet is examined to determine the protocol of the presence related message. In this case, the protocol of the presence related message encapsulated within the TCAP packet is IMPP. Next, in step ST8, the variety or type of presence service associated with the message is evaluated. Such general presence message types or varieties might include, but are not limited to, query and registration type messages.
Once again, in this example, the IMPP-formatted presence service message is a query message that is intended to extract information from a presence service database. As such, the IMPP formatted query message is directed to IMPP application 514 for further processing. IMPP application 514 examines the message and, using information contained within the packet, directs the query to presence database 516 (ST9). Presence database 516 processes the query and, in this example, returns the requested information to SIP application 518 for formatting of the out-bound response message (ST10).
With the necessary SIP formatting complete, the SIP-formatted presence registration message is passed to an HMRT process 520. HMRT process 520 determines to which ADCM card the SIP registration message packet should be routed for subsequent outbound transmission (ST11). In this case, the HMRT process 520 determines that the desired outbound signaling link associated with the routing of the SIP registration message is located on ADCM 360. Consequently, the SIP message packet is internally routed across the IMT bus 310 to LIM 360, where it is generally received by the I/O queue process 362 (ST12). Eventually, the modified message packet is passed from the I/O queue 362 on to the IP Level 2 and Level 1 processes 364 and 366, respectively. As indicated in step ST13, the SIP-formatted presence registration message is then transmitted into an IP network for ultimate delivery to and use by a presence database system.
It will be appreciated from FIG. 12, that if the IMPP-formatted presence service message were a registration request-type message, then IMPP application 514 would examine the message and, using information contained within the packet, direct the registration request to presence database 516 (ST14). In such a scenario, a response or acknowledgment message may not necessarily be required.
Externally Mounted Presence Database System
The embodiments of the present invention described in detail above can be easily extended to include a presence registration and routing node that incorporates an externally mounted presence database system or server platform. One embodiment of such a presence registration and routing node is illustrated in FIG. 13, and generally indicated by the numeral 600. Once again, it will be appreciated that in the particular embodiment presently contemplated, presence registration messages are not formulated and routed from the node, but instead presence registration takes place at or within the node.
With particular regard to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 13 and in a manner similar to the embodiment described above, it will be appreciated that presence registration and routing node 600 includes a high speed Interprocessor Message Transport (IMT) communications bus 310. Communicatively coupled to IMT bus 310 are a number of distributed processing modules or cards including: a pair of Maintenance and Administration Subsystem Processors (MASPs) 312, an SS7 capable Link Interface Module (LIM) 320, an IP capable Advanced Database Communication Module (ADCM) 360, and an External Presence Database Module (EPDM) 700. As further indicated in FIG. 13, EPDM 700 is connected to an external Presence Database Server platform 800 via a high-speed Ethernet-type connection 802. In this embodiment, external Presence Database Server platform 800 includes the actual Presence Database entity 516. With exception of EPDM card 700 and external Presence Database Server 800, all other functional and operational aspects of the embodiment shown in FIG. 13 are identical to that of the embodiment shown in FIG. 11 and described above.
In general, an EPDM card 700 includes the database and database control processes necessary to facilitate the presence registration and query handling functionality of the contemplated embodiment of the present invention. EPDM 700 shown in FIG. 13 is comprised, in part, of an SCCP subsystem controller known as a Signaling Connection Routing Controller (SCRC) process 504, a Presence Database Manager (PDMG) process 510, and a number of Presence Database Interface (PDI) applications generally indicated by the numeral 512. Included among PDI applications 512 are a session initiation protocol (SIP) application process 518, an IMPP application process 514, and a presence protocol process 519. SCRC process 504 is responsible for discrimination of signaling messages and subsequent distribution of these signaling messages to an appropriate higher processing level application or function. In the configuration shown in FIG. 13, the next highest processing level is represented by PDMG process 510. PDMG process 510 is generally responsible for determining which of the provisioned protocol-specific PDI applications 512 is required process the incoming message packet. PDI applications 512 are capable of generating or formatting protocol-specific presence service related response messages. Such a presence service response message might include, but is not limited to, a message that provides presence status information for a specific user in response to a presence status query.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 13, EPDM card 700 further includes an Ethernet Controller (EC) process 702 which is communicatively coupled to the provisioned PDI applications 512 and also to the external Presence Database Server 800. More particularly, EC 702 is coupled to a corresponding EC process 802 that resides on the external Presence Database Server 800. ECs 702 and 802 facilitate the communication of messages between the PDI applications 512 and the Presence Database 516. In all other respects, operation of the presence registration and routing node is identical to that of presence registration and routing node 500 described above and illustrated in FIG. 11.
Integrated Message Accounting And Billing Subsystem
Shown in FIG. 14 is another embodiment of a presence registration and routing node of the present invention, generally indicated by reference numeral 900. With particular regard to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 14 and in a manner similar to the embodiment described above, it will be appreciated that presence registration and routing node 900 includes a high speed Interprocessor Message Transport (IMT) communications bus 310. As in the previously described embodiments, communicatively coupled to IMT bus 310 are a number of distributed processing modules or cards including a pair of Maintenance and Administration Subsystem Processors (MASPs), an SS7 capable Link Interface Module (LIM) 320, and an IP capable Advanced Database Communication Module (ADCM) 360, and a Presence Registration Module (PRM) 340. Further included in presence registration and routing node 900 is an accounting and billing subsystem which is comprised of an accounting subsystem interface module (ASIM), generally indicated by reference numeral 910 and an accounting server platform (ASP), generally indicated by reference numeral 920. It will be appreciated that the combination of ASIM card 910 and ASP accounting server 920 includes the database and control processes necessary to achieve the accounting and billing functionality of the present invention. From a practical implementation standpoint, ASP 920 could assume the form of a Sun Workstation or similar type computing platform. It will be further appreciated that an entire message accounting subsystem could also be integrated within a presence routing and registration node.
ASIM card 910 shown in FIG. 14 includes a Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP) subsystem 912 that is responsible for receiving and preliminary processing of incoming SCCP encapsulated accounting message packets. ASIM card 910 also includes an SCCP controller known as a Signaling Connection Routing Controller (SCRC) process 914 and a high-speed Ethernet Controller (EC) process 916. Once again, as described above, SCCP subsystem 912 is responsible for receiving and preliminary processing of incoming SCCP encapsulated message packets, while SCRC process 914 is responsible for discrimination and subsequent distribution of messages based on information contained in an SCCP packet. In the case of ASIM card 910, messages that satisfy the SCRC discrimination criteria are distributed or directed to high-speed Ethernet Controller process 916. EC process 916 is in turn responsible for controlling the process of communicating messages, via an Ethernet connection to and from associated ASP server 920. More particularly, ASP server 920 includes a corresponding high-speed Ethernet Controller process 922 that serves as the communications interface between ASIM card 910 and an on-board accounting server manager (ASM) process 924. ASM process 924 is responsible for the de-capsulation or removal of the SCCP envelope that contains the accounting message. The de-capsulated accounting message is then passed to an adjacent usage and measurements process 926 where usage measurement statistics are created and stored in a usage measurements database (UMD) process 930, such as that shown in FIG. 15.
Usage measurements statistics produced by such a process could include, but are not limited to, peg counts of messages received from a specific network address, a specific service provider, a specific service user, a specific IP socket, or a specific signaling link. Furthermore, information specific to the type of service requested, calling and called party information, and other information associated with a communication that could be useful in generating a bill or invoice may also be stored in a UMD. As shown in sample UMD process 930, in one simplified embodiment, each communication is identified by a transaction ID, and certain predetermined information associated with a communication can be stored in the database. It will be appreciated that the information contained in a UMD database could be significantly more or less detailed than that indicated in the example shown in FIG. 15.
In any event, such statistics could include information associated with the time-of-day that a message was received, the duration of a “call” or communication, general quality of service (QoS) indicators associated with a “call” or communication, information related to or identifying the type of service that is associated with a “call” or communication (i.e., broadband service related, call setup related, database query related, etc.). Such usage information could be used to bill a subscriber at different rates depending upon the type of service requested. With such capability included within a presence server and routing node, network operators greatly increased flexibility with regard to service-specific billing, without significantly increasing network OA&M requirements.
In order to facilitate such billing operations, ASP server 920 also includes a billing process 928 that is adapted to extract information stored by the usage and measurements process 926 and subsequently generate bills. Once again, information or parameters maintained by process 926 that may be used in the generation of bills could include, but is not limited to, a network address identifier, a service provider identifier, a service user identifier, an IP socket identifier, a signaling link identifier, and a service type identifier. It will be further appreciated that a network address identifier could include, but is not limited to a destination or origination SS7 point code, a destination or origination IP address, and a destination or origination domain name. Similarly, a user identifier could include, but is not limited to a calling or called party telephone number, and a destination or origination email address.
In the particular embodiment shown, LIM card 320 includes a Presence Registration Request (PRR) stop action process 902, that is functionally similar to the PRR process 328 described above. In addition to generate, and SCCP encapsulate an accounting message that is subsequently passed via IMT bus 310 to ASIM 910 of the accounting and billing subsystem.
In a preferred embodiment, a normalized accounting message (NAM) format is employed to provide the necessary message information content to the associated accounting and billing subsystem. That is, a NAM formatted accounting message employs a field or record structure that is essentially a superset of all parameters of interest from all signaling, presence and instant messaging protocols of interest. As such, parameters of interest in a SIP formatted signaling message can be easily accommodated in a NAM accounting message, as can parameters of interest in an SS7 formatted signaling message. It will be further appreciated that the NAM format can be periodically expanded (or revised) to accommodate new or evolving signaling protocols that must be supported by a presence registration and routing node of the present invention. LIM card 320 can also be configured to simply encapsulate a copy of the received signaling message packet and forward the packet to the associated accounting and billing subsystem.
With regard to the message encapsulation discussed above, it should be appreciated that SCCP encapsulation of a NAM message is not essential to the operation of the message accounting subsystem of the present invention. Other internal encapsulating protocols could be just as easily employed, provided that a suitably provisioned ASIM module is capable of receiving and processing the encapsulated messages. In fact, no encapsulation necessarily need be performed, so long as the accounting message generated by a PRR type process can be received and generally processed by a suitable configured ASIM module.
FIG. 16 illustrates yet another embodiment of a presence registration and routing node of the present invention, which extends the integrated accounting and billing subsystem concept to the routing node previously presented in FIG. 11. This new embodiment of a presence server and routing node is generally indicated by reference numeral 950. With particular regard to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 16 and in a manner similar to those embodiments described above, it will be appreciated that presence registration and routing node 950 includes a high speed Interprocessor Message Transport (IMT) communications bus 310. Communicatively coupled to IMT bus 310 are a number of distributed processing modules or cards including a pair of Maintenance and Administration Subsystem Processors (MASPs), an SS7 capable Link Interface Module (LIM) 320, and an IP capable Advanced Database Communication Module (ADCM) 360, and a Presence Registration Module (PRM) 340. Further included in the presence registration and routing node 950 is an accounting and billing subsystem which is comprised of an accounting subsystem interface module (ASIM), generally indicated by reference numeral 910, and an accounting server platform (ASP), generally indicated by reference numeral 920. Again, it will be appreciated that the combination of ASIM card 910 and ASP accounting server 920 includes the database and control processes necessary to achieve the accounting and billing functionality of the present invention.
In the particular embodiment shown, LIM card 320 includes a Presence Registration Request (PRR) stop action process 952, that is functionally similar to PRR process 902 described above. PRR 952 is adapted to generate and SCCP-encapsulate an accounting message that is subsequently passed via IMT bus 310 to ASIM 910 of the accounting and billing subsystem, where accounting and billing subsystem processing occurs in a manner similar to that described above.
It will be understood that various details of the invention may be changed without departing from the scope of the invention. Furthermore, the foregoing description is for the purpose of illustration only, and not for the purpose of limitation—the invention being defined by the claims.

## Claims

1. A method for updating presence information regarding a target end user managed by a presence server based on information derived from a telephony-related action, the method comprising:
(a) receiving a signaling system seven (SS7) message in response to the telephony-related action performed by the target end user to which other end users are subscribed with the presence server;
(b) determining, based on the SS7 message, whether presence registration processing is required;
(c) in response to determining that the presence registration processing is required, automatically generating a presence registration message including presence information usable by the presence server for automatically indicating to the end users who are subscribed to the target end user with the presence server a presence status for the target end user, wherein the presence server comprises a server that manages presence information for a collection of entities and subscriptions to those entities; and
(d) transmitting the presence registration message to the presence server over an IP network.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the telephony-related action includes dialing a called party telephone number utilizing a PSTN telephone to initiate a call from the target end user to the called party telephone number and the signaling system seven message is an Initial Address Message IAM message.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the telephony-related action includes entering Dual Tone Multi-Frequency DTMF digits using a PSTN telephone handset after a call has been established, the DTMF digits forming a code for instructing an end office to formulate the SS7 message.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein the SS7 message is a transaction capabilities application part (TCAP) message containing the presence for the target end user.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein automatically generating the presence registration message includes automatically generating a presence protocol message.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein automatically generating the presence registration message includes automatically generating a session initiation protocol (SIP) message.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein automatically generating the presence registration message includes automatically generating an instant messaging and presence protocol (IMPP) message.

8. The method of claim 1 comprising, in response to receiving the SS7 message, sending a second message to an accounting and billing system.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein the second message is a copy of the SS7 message.

10. The method of claim 1 comprising routing the SS7 message to its intended destination.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein the telephony related action comprises activation of the target end user's mobile telephone and wherein the presence information indicates that the target end user is currently reachable to receive messaging protocol communications via the target end user's mobile telephone.

12. The method of claim 1 wherein the telephony related action comprises entering a predetermined code via the target end user's wireline telephone and wherein the presence information indicates that the target end user is currently reachable via the end user's wireline telephone.

13. The method of claim 1 wherein steps (a)-(e) are performed at an SS7 signal transfer point capable of transferring SS7 signaling messages between SS7 signaling links.

14. The method of claim 1 wherein the presence information includes information usable by the users subscribed to the target end user for contacting the target end user via an instant messaging protocol.

15. A method for updating presence information regarding a target end user with a presence server based on information derived from a signaling message relating to a telephony-related action performed by the target end user, the method comprising:
(a) receiving a signaling system 7 (SS7) message in response to the telephony-related action performed by the target end user, wherein the telephony-related action is an activation or change in location of a mobile telephone handset and the SS7 message is a message for updating a status of the target end user in at least one of a home location register (HLR) and a visitor location register (VLR); and
(b) intercepting the SS7 message, extracting information from the SS7 message, and using the information extracted from the SS7 message to update presence information for the target end user with the presence server, wherein the presence server comprises a server that manages presence information for a collection of entities and subscriptions to those entities, the presence information including information usable by the presence server for automatically indicating to end users who are subscribed to the target end user a presence status for the target end user.

16. A presence registration and routing node for updating presence information regarding an end user with a presence server, the presence registration and routing node comprising:
(a) a communication module for receiving an SS7 message relating to a target end user to which other end users are subscribed with the presence server and for determining that the presence registration processing is required for the SS7 message; and
(b) a presence server message generator for, if the communication module determines that the presence registration processing is required, for receiving a copy of the SS7 message and for automatically generating a presence registration message including presence information usable by the presence server for automatically indicating to the end users subscribed to the target end user with the presence server a presence status for the target end user, wherein the presence server message generator is adapted to forward the presence registration message to the presence server, and wherein the presence server comprises a server that manages presence information for a collection of entities and subscriptions to those entities.

17. The presence registration and routing node of claim 16 comprising an advanced database communication module for encapsulating the presence registration message in an IP packet and transmitting the IP packet to the presence server over an IP network.

18. The presence registration and routing node of claim 16 wherein the presence registration message is a session initiation protocol (SIP) message.

19. The presence registration and routing node of claim 16 wherein the presence registration message is a presence protocol message.

20. The presence registration and routing node of claim 16 wherein the presence registration message is an instant messaging and presence protocol (IMPP) message.

21. The presence registration and routing node of claim 16 wherein the SS7 message is an ISDN user part (ISUP) message.

22. The presence registration and routing node of claim 16 wherein the SS7 message is a transaction capabilities application part (TCAP) message.

23. The presence registration and routing node of claim 16 comprising a presence server database operatively associated with the presence server message generator for receiving the presence-server-compatible message and for updating the presence information in response to the presence-server-compatible message.

24. The presence registration and routing node of claim 23 wherein the presence server database is located internal to the presence registration and routing node.

25. The presence registration and routing node of claim 23 wherein the presence server database is located external to the presence registration and routing node.

26. The presence registration and routing node of claim 16 wherein the presence server message generator is adapted to receive presence queries, forward the presence queries to a presence server database, and receive responses from the presence server database.

27. The presence registration and routing node of claim 16 comprising:
(a) means for generating an accounting message based on at least one of the SS7 message received by the communication module and the presence-server-compatible message; and
(b) an accounting and billing system for storing accounting information based on the accounting message.

28. The presence registration and routing node of claim 16 wherein the communication module is adapted to route the SS7 message to its intended destination.

29. The presence registration and routing node of claim 16 wherein the communication module includes SS7 signal transfer functionality for transferring SS7 signaling messages between SS7 signaling links.

30. The presence registration and routing node of claim 16 wherein the presence information includes information usable by the users subscribed to the target end user for contacting the target end user via an instant messaging protocol.

31. A presence registration and routing node for updating presence information regarding an end user with a presence server, the presence registration and routing node comprising:
(a) a communication module for receiving an SS7 message from an SS7 network; and
(b) a presence server message generator for generating, based on the SS7 message, a presence-server-compatible message for updating presence information regarding the target end user with the presence server, the presence information including a presence status for the target end user, wherein the presence server message generator is adapted to forward the presence-server-compatible message to the presence server, and wherein the presence server comprises a server that manages presence information for a collection of entities and subscriptions to those entities.

32. The method of claim 31 wherein steps (a)-(d) are performed at an SS7 signal transfer point capable of transferring SS7 signaling messages between SS7 signaling links.

33. The presence registration and routing node of claim 31 wherein the presence information includes information usable by the users subscribed to the target end user for contacting the target end user via an instant message protocol.

34. A computer readable medium encoded with computer-executable instructions for performing steps comprising:
(a) receiving a signaling system seven (SS7) message in response to a telephony-related action performed by a target end user;
(b) in response to receiving the SS7 message, formulating an internet protocol (IP) message for updating presence information regarding the target end user managed by a presence server, the presence information including information usable by the presence server for automatically indicating to end users subscribed to the target end user with the presence server a presence status for the target end user, wherein the presence server comprises a server that manages presence information for a collection of entities and subscriptions to those entities; and
(c) transmitting the IP message to the presence server over an IP network.

35. The computer readable medium of claim 34 wherein the telephony-related action includes dialing a called party telephone number utilizing a PSTN telephone to initiate a call from the target end user to the called party telephone number and the signaling system seven message is an Initial Address Message IAM message.

36. The computer readable medium of claim 34 wherein the telephony-related action includes entering Dual Tone Multi-Frequency DTMF digits using a PSTN telephone handset after a call has been established, the DTMF digits forming a code for instructing an end office to formulate the SS7 message.

37. The computer readable medium of claim 34 wherein the SS7 message is a transaction capabilities application part (TCAP) message containing the presence information for the target end user.

38. The computer readable medium of claim 34 wherein the telephony-related action is an activation of a mobile telephone handset and the SS7 message is a message for updating the status of the target end user in at least one of a home location register (HLR) and a visitor location register (VLR).

39. The computer readable medium of claim 34 wherein formulating an IP message includes formulating a presence protocol message.

40. The computer readable medium of claim 34 wherein formulating the IP message includes formulating a session initiation protocol (SIP) message.

41. The computer readable medium of claim 34 wherein formulating the IP message includes formulating an instant messaging and presence protocol (IMPP) message.

42. The computer readable medium of claim 34 comprising generating an accounting message in response to at least one of the SS7 message and the IP message and forwarding the accounting message to an accounting and billing subsystem.

43. The computer readable medium of claim 34 wherein steps (a)-(c) are performed on an SS7 signal transfer point capable of transferring SS7 messages between SS7 signaling links.

44. The computer readable medium of claim 34 wherein the presence information includes information usable by the users subscribed to the target end user for contacting the target end user via an instant messaging protocol.

45. A method for updating presence information regarding a target end user managed by a presence server based on information derived from a telephony-related action, the method comprising:
(a) receiving a signaling system seven (SS7) message in response to the telephony-related action performed by the target end user to which other end users are subscribed with the presence server, wherein the SS7 message comprises and ISDN user part (ISUP) message;
(b) determining, based on the SS7 message, whether presence registration processing is required;
(c) in response to determining that the presence registration processing is required, automatically generating a presence registration message including presence information usable by the presence server for automatically indicating to the end users who are subscribed to the target end user with the presence server a presence status for the target end user; and
(d) transmitting the presence registration message to the presence server over an IP network.