Affirmed; Opinion Filed February 26, 2018.

In The

Court of Appeals

Fifth District of Texas at Dallas

No. 05-16-00841-CV

GUDAYE GOBEZIE, Appellant

V.

SANDRA CASTILLO AND JORGO VALERIANO, Appellees

On Appeal from the 192nd Judicial District Court

Dallas County, Texas

Trial Court Cause No. DC-15-03934

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Before Justices Francis, Evans, and Boatright

Opinion by Justice Evans

Gudaye Gobezie appeals from an adverse judgment after a trial before the court on claims

brought by Sandra Castillo and Jorgo Valeriano arising out of their car purchase from Prolife Auto 

Garland. Gobezie generally challenges the legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence supporting 

the judgment against her as well as the trial court’s award of attorney’s fees. We affirm the trial 

court’s judgment. 

BACKGROUND

In December 2014, appellees Sandra Castillo and her husband Jorgo Valeriano traveled 

from Oklahoma to Garland, Texas to purchase a 2003 Honda Accord being sold by Prolife Auto 

Garland. Appellees paid $5000 cash for the vehicle after obtaining a loan from their bank. At 

trial, Castillo testified that she gave Gobezie the money for the car. After they took possession of 
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the vehicle and returned to Oklahoma, however, appellees did not receive the paperwork to obtain 

legal title to the vehicle. Appellees traveled six times from Oklahoma to Garland attempting to

resolve the title issue. On their last visit to Garland, in March 2015, appellees were given a $5000 

check, but the bank refused to cash it. Unable to get their money back or obtain legal title to the 

car, appellees sued Gudaye Gobezie d/b/a Prolife Auto Garland and others for, among other things,

breach of implied warranty to convey legal title and attorney’s fees. The matter was tried before 

the court sitting without a jury.1 The trial rendered a judgment in favor of appellees, awarding 

them $5000 in damages and $5100 in attorney’s fees. Gobezie filed this appeal.

ANALYSIS

A. Legal and Factual Sufficiency

Gobezie contends the evidence is legally and/or factually insufficient to support the 

damages awarded against her because (a) there is no evidence connecting her or Prolife Auto 

Garland to appellees’ car purchase, (b) collateral estoppel precludes a liability finding against 

Gobezie, and (c) the trial court awarded appellees an impermissible double recovery.

Before turning to the merits of her sufficiency complaints, we first address her briefing 

with respect to her factual sufficiency challenge. Although Gobezie’s stated “issue” purports to 

challenge the legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence, her brief contains no argument or legal 

authority addressing a factual sufficiency challenge. The section of her argument entitled 

“standard of review” under this issue cites three Texas Supreme Court cases, all addressing legal 

sufficiency.2 Finally, in her prayer for relief, Gobezie requests that we render judgment in her 

favor, a remedy available only in the context of a legal sufficiency challenge. See Elias v. Mr. 

 

1 Gobezie was the only defendant at trial as appellees were unable to effectuate service on defendant Zerayakob 

Micael and previously filed a nonsuit with respect to defendant Getenet Berhanu.

2 She also mistakenly identifies rules 43.3 and 60.2 of the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure addressing 

judgments in the court of appeals and the Texas Supreme Court, respectively, as Texas Rules of Civil Procedure 43.3 

and 60.2.
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Yamaha, Inc., 33 S.W.3d 54, 59 n.6 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2000, no pet.). To present an issue to 

this Court, a party must present a concise argument for the contention made with appropriate 

citations to authorities and the record. See Tex. R. App. P. 38.1(i). When a party fails to provide 

any argument to support a stated issue, she presents nothing for us to review. Because Gobezie 

has failed to provide us with any argument, analysis, or authority in support of her factual 

sufficiency challenge, we need not address it. Accordingly, our analysis only addresses Gobezie’s 

legal sufficiency challenges. 

Where, as here, findings of fact were not requested by either party, we imply all necessary 

findings to support the trial court’s judgment. See Shields Ltd. P’ship v. Bradberry, 526 S.W.3d 

471, 480 (Tex. 2017). But when a reporter’s record is filed, these implied findings may be 

challenged for legal and factual sufficiency in the same manner as jury findings or a trial court’s 

express findings. See Roberson v. Robinson, 768 S.W.2d 280, 281 (Tex. 1989) (per curiam). In 

the absence of findings, we affirm the trial court’s judgment if it can be upheld on any available 

legal theory that is supported by the record. Rosemond v. Al-Lahiq, 331 S.W.3d 764, 766 (Tex. 

2011) (per curiam). 

In analyzing the legal sufficiency of the evidence, we view the evidence in the light most 

favorable to the verdict, crediting evidence favoring the finding if reasonable factfinders could and 

disregarding contrary evidence unless reasonable factfinders could not. See Del Lago Partners, 

Inc. v. Smith, 307 S.W.3d 762, 770 (Tex. 2010) (citing City of Keller v. Wilson, 168 S.W.3d 802, 

822, 827 (Tex. 2005)). We will uphold the finding if more than a scintilla of competent evidence 

supports it. Haggar Clothing Co. v. Hernandez, 164 S.W.3d 386, 388 (Tex. 2005) (per curiam); 

see also City of Keller, 168 S.W.3d at 810. The final test for legal sufficiency is “whether the 

evidence at trial would enable reasonable and fair-minded people to reach the verdict under 

review.” City of Keller, 168 S.W.3d at 827. When conducting our legal sufficiency review, we are 
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mindful that the factfinder is the sole judge of the credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be 

given their testimony. See id. at 819. 

Gobezie argues that the evidence is legally insufficient to support a judgment against her 

because appellees did not provide any documentation from their bank indicating to whom payment 

was made for the vehicle. She further contends appellees testified each time they visited the 

Garland location, they interacted with another individual, while she testified that she was not 

involved in any of the transactions or even present at the Garland location at any of the relevant 

times. Finally, she asserts she was not connected to any of the companies listed on the paperwork 

involved in the transaction, namely – the Buyer’s Order for the vehicle identifying the Seller as 

“Pro Life Garland,” the paid invoice naming “Prolife Auto,” and the refund check from “ProlifeMJMD.”

Our review of the trial record reveals that Castillo identified Gobezie as the person to whom 

she gave the $5000 for the vehicle and Gobezie counted the money in front of her. She testified 

that she called the Garland shop and Gobezie told her son over the phone that the title would arrive 

in six days. Castillo further stated Gobezie was there when appellees picked up the check they 

were unable to cash. There was an assumed name certificate recorded on July 28, 2014 admitted 

into evidence showing “Prolife Auto Garland” operating as a general partnership at the location

where appellees purchased the vehicle. The owners of the partnership were identified on the 

certificate as Gobezie and Micael. In fact, Gobezie’s daughter testified at trial that Gobezie gave 

Micael and Berhanu a total of $140,000 “to help us create some income.” 

As additional evidence of a partnership, appellees introduced into evidence a civil 

complaint filed by Gobezie against Micael and Berhanu alleging they “convinced her to ‘invest’

in a new business where the parties would purchase used cars at auction, fix, and resell them at a 

profit.” To that end, Gobezie signed a business formation agreement on July 7, 2014 that was 
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attached to her complaint. Although the agreement contemplated the formation of a limited 

liability company to which Gobezie would contribute $100,000 in exchange for a twenty percent 

interest, there is no evidence such an entity was ever formed. Instead, two weeks after the 

agreement was signed, Gobezie executed the assumed name certificate of ownership for Prolife 

Auto Garland. 

Generally, an association of two or more persons to carry on a business for profit as owners 

creates a partnership, regardless of whether they intended to create a partnership. See TEX. BUS.

ORGS. CODE ANN. § 152.051(b) (West 2012). Factors indicating persons created a partnership 

include: right to receive a share of business profits, express intent to become partners, right to 

participate in control of the business, agreement to share business losses or third party liabilities, 

and agreement to contribute or contribution of money or property to the business. TEX.BUS. ORGS.

CODE ANN. § 152.52(a). Based on the record before us, we conclude a reasonable factfinder could 

have determined that Gobezie was a partner in Prolife Auto Garland, the business from which 

appellees testified they purchased the vehicle. As a partner in the general partnership, Gobezie 

was thus jointly and severally liable for partnership obligations. See TEX. BUS. ORGS. CODE ANN.

§ 152.304. Consequently, the evidence was legally sufficient to establish Gobezie was liable for 

Prolife Auto Garland’s failure to provide title to the vehicle purchased by appellees. 

In concluding the evidence is legally sufficient to support a judgment against Gobezie, we 

necessarily reject her contention that she conclusively established the judgment against her is

barred by collateral estoppel.3 Gobezie’s collateral estoppel argument is based on a June 8, 2016 

judgment in the lawsuit Gobezie brought against Micael and Berhanu. Among other things, that 

judgment declared Gobezie not competent to enter into business agreements with Micael and 

 

3 The trial court necessarily rejected Gobezie’s collateral estoppel defense when it rendered judgment in favor of 

appellees.
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Berhanu and declared the July 28, 2014 assumed name certificate for Prolife Auto Garland null 

and void.

Among the necessary elements required to establish collateral estoppel, the proponent must 

establish the parties (Gobezie and appellees) were cast as adversaries in the first action. Sysco 

Food Servs., Inc. v. Trapnell, 890 S.W.2d 796, 801 (Tex. 1994). To satisfy this element, the party 

against whom the doctrine is asserted in the second action must have been a party or in privity 

with a party in the first action. Id. at 802. “Privity connotes those who are in law so connected 

with a party to the judgment as to have such an identity of interest that the party to the judgment 

represented the same legal right.” Tex. Capital Secs. Mgmt., Inc. v. Sandefer, 80 S.W.3d 260, 265

(Tex. App.—Texarkana 2002, pet. struck). The privity requirement is satisfied when the party 

sought to be bound by the prior ruling controlled the first action, has their interest represented by 

a party to the prior action, or derives their claim through a party in the prior action. See HECI 

Exploration Co. v. Neel, 982 S.W.2d 881, 890 (Tex. 1998). There is no privity between Gobezie’s 

alleged business partners, Micael and Berhanu, and appellees, third parties who purchased a 

vehicle from the business. Accordingly, collateral estoppel did not preclude a judgment in 

appellees’ favor.

Under this issue, Gobezie also argues the trial court impermissibly gave appellees a double 

recovery when it awarded them $5000 in damages without ordering them to return the vehicle. A 

double recovery exists when a plaintiff is awarded more than one recovery for the same injury. 

Waite Hill Servs. Inc. v. World Class Metal Works, Inc., 959 S.W.2d 182, 184 (Tex. 1998) (per 

curiam). Here, the trial court judgment simply awarded appellees $5000 as actual damages without 

specifying the cause of action upon which it was granting relief. Underlying Gobezie’s argument 

is her assumption that the $5000 damages award in appellees’ favor represented damages for 

rescission. However, it appears the trial court award is sustainable based on their claim for breach 
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of implied warranty, including consequential damages for their lost wages. In fact, despite 

appellees’ offer at trial to make arrangements to bring the car back, there is nothing in the record 

to indicate Gobezie accepted their offer. Moreover, at the time judgment was rendered, the vehicle 

had no legal title. There was also testimony at trial that both appellees had lost six days of work 

travelling to Garland in an effort to resolve the title issue.4 When the title issue was not resolved 

and the temporary tags expired, Castillo testified she could no longer use the vehicle to get to work 

and lost her job. Based on the record before us, Gobezie has not established appellees obtained a 

double recovery. We resolve Gobezie’s first issue against her.5 

B. Attorney’s Fees

In her second issue, Gobezie argues that the trial court erred in awarding appellees 

attorney’s fees because they failed to obtain a finding on any cause of action that authorizes such 

a recovery. We disagree. As previously stated, when findings are not requested or filed in a bench 

trial, we imply all necessary findings to support the trial court’s judgment. See Shields Ltd. P’ship, 

526 S.W.3d at 480. Here, appellees pleaded a claim for breach of implied warranty to convey 

legal title and the trial court impliedly found such a breach to support its $5000 damage award. 

Moreover, appellees sought only the economic damages they suffered as a result of Gobezie’s 

failure to provide them with title to the vehicle they purchased. Such a claim sounds in contract. 

See JCW Electronics, Inc. v. Garza, 257 S.W.3d 701, 704–05 (Tex. 2008). Accordingly, attorney 

fees were proper under section 38.001(8) of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code. TEX.

CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 38.001(8) (West 2015); Howard Indus. Inc. v. Crown Cork & 

 

4 Castillo and Valeriano testified they each worked 40 hours per week and stated their hourly wages as $9 per 

hour and $16 per hour, respectively. 

5 Assuming it was properly presented for our review, we would also conclude Gobezie’s factual sufficiency 

lacked merit. For factual sufficiency challenges, we consider and weigh all of the evidence, setting aside the verdict 

only if the supporting evidence is so weak or the finding is so against the great weight and preponderance of the 

evidence that it is clearly wrong and unjust. Dow Chem. Co. v. Francis, 46 S.W.3d 237, 242 (Tex. 2001) (per curiam). 

Reviewing the record under the appropriate standard, we cannot conclude that the evidence supporting the judgment 

against Gobezie is factually insufficient. 
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Seal Co., LLC, 403 S.W.3d 347, 352 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2013, no pet.) (affirming

attorney’s fees award after determining breach of implied warranty claim seeking only economic 

damages qualified as a contract claim for purposes of 38.001(8)). We resolve Gobezie’s second 

issue against her. 

CONCLUSION

We conclude that both of Gobezie’s issues are without merit. Accordingly, we affirm the 

trial court’s judgment.

160841F.P05

/David Evans/

DAVID EVANS

JUSTICE
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Court of Appeals

Fifth District of Texas at Dallas

JUDGMENT

GUDAYE GOBEZIE, Appellant

No. 05-16-00841-CV V.

SANDRA CASTILLO AND JORGO 

VALERIANO, Appellees

On Appeal from the 192nd Judicial District 

Court, Dallas County, Texas

Trial Court Cause No. DC-15-03934

Opinion delivered by Justice Evans, 

Justices Francis and Boatright participating.

In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is 

AFFIRMED.

It is ORDERED that appellee Sandra Castillo and Jorgo Valeriano recover their costs of 

this appeal from appellant Gudaye Gobezie.

Judgment entered this 26th day of February, 2018.