NOTICE: This order was filed under Supreme Court Rule 23 and is not 

precedent except in the limited circumstances allowed under Rule 23(e)(1).

2021 IL App (3d) 190594-U

Order filed November 30, 2021

_____________________________________________________________________________ 

IN THE

APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS

THIRD DISTRICT

2021 

DAVE CARTER and REGINA BOHMANN, )

as Co-Special Administrators of the )

ESTATE OF CODY CARTER, Deceased, ) 

 ) 

Plaintiffs-Appellants, ) 

 ) 

 v. ) 

 ) 

WESLEY TOWNSHIP, a body Politic, ) 

JENNIFER FENDER, Administrator of the ) 

Estate of CHEYENNE FENDER, ) 

Defendants ) 

(Wesley Township, a body Politic, ) 

 Defendant-Appellee). )

Appeal from the Circuit Court

of the 12th Judicial Circuit, 

Will County, Illinois

Appeal Nos. 3-19-0594, 3-19-0595, 3-

19-0596, 3-19-0601 (Consolidated) 

Circuit Nos. 13-L-906, 14-L-200, 

14-L-203, 13-CH-2102 (Consolidated)

Honorable Raymond Rossi

Judge, Presiding. 

_____________________________________________________________________________

JUSTICE HOLDRIDGE delivered the judgment of the court. 

Justice McDade and Justice Wright concurred in the judgment. 

_____________________________________________________________________________

ORDER

¶ 1 Held: In consolidated action for wrongful deaths against Township arising out of 

automobile accident, trial court properly granted summary judgment in favor of 

Township pursuant to the Tort Immunity Act. 

¶ 2 The combined plaintiffs (Plaintiffs) brought this consolidated action against Defendant 

Wesley Township (the Township) to recover damages arising out of the deaths of their children 
2 

in an automobile accident that occurred on a Township road that had flooded after a rainstorm. 

The trial court denied the Plaintiffs’ motion for partial summary judgment and granted the 

Township’s motion for summary judgment. The Plaintiffs appeal the trial court’s judgment. 

¶ 3 FACTS

¶ 4 James Bailey, as Special Administrator of the Estate of Matthew Bailey, Case No. 2014 L 

200, Margo Sembach as the Special Administrator of the Estate of Micalah Sembach, Dave 

Carter and Regina Bohmann as the Special Administrators of the Estate of Cody Carter, and 

Jennifer Fender as Special Administrator for the Estate of Cheyenne Fender (collectively, 

Plaintiffs), each filed wrongful death and Survival Act claims against the Township. Their cases 

were consolidated before the trial court. 

¶ 5 On March 11, 2013, Cheyenne Fender was driving a vehicle eastbound on Ballou Road 

over a waterway known as Forked Creek in Wesley Township. Matthew Bailey, Cody Carter, 

and Micalah Sembach were passengers in the vehicle. It had rained significantly on and prior to 

March 11, 2013, and the water from the rainfall had caused Forked Creek to flood over Ballou 

Road. As the vehicle approached a bridge spanning Forked Creek, there was water overflowing 

and pooling onto the road. After encountering the water, Fender lost control of the vehicle. The 

vehicle slid onto the bridge, collided with a guardrail on the bridge, knocked the guardrail off the 

bridge, and fell into the water beneath the bridge. The vehicle came to rest upside down in the 

creek. Fender, Bailey, Carter, and Sembach drowned in the creek.

¶ 6 The Township is a municipal entity located within an unincorporated area of Will 

County, Illinois. It is undisputed that: (1) the roadway and bridge crossing over Forked Creek at 

the accident site on Ballou Road are within the maintenance jurisdiction of the Township and its 

road district commissioner; (2) the Township does not own, supervise, maintain, operate, 
3 

manage, or control Forked Creek, including the portion of the creek near the bridge; (3) the 

Township did not employ police officers or own police cars or emergency vehicles. All police 

and law enforcement services for the Township were provided by the Will County Sheriff’s 

Office. 

¶ 7 Joe Rodawold was the road commissioner for Wesley Township on and before March of 

2013. Rodawold was the only full-time employee of the Wesley Township Road District and the 

only person who had the authority to close roads, to place signs or barricades on roads, or to 

install, replace, or upgrade anything on the roads in the Township's maintenance jurisdiction. 

Rodawold knew that Ballou Road flooded approximately six times per year. During his 

deposition, Rodawold testified that the Township had never placed barricades or flashing lights 

on Ballou Road to close the road or to warn of flooding on the road, either immediately before 

the accident or on any prior occasion when the road had flooded. The Township did not own any 

barricades or road closure equipment. 

¶ 8 Rodawold further testified that he had observed water crossing over Ballou Road at 

approximately 5:00 a.m. on the day of the accident. At that time, Rodawold noticed that water 

had accumulated on the west side of the bridge up to 20 feet from the bridge approach. 

Rodawold chose not to drive his Ford F350 truck through the water because he was concerned 

that the water might come up to the axles of his vehicle. 

¶ 9 Rodawold further stated that, during heavy rain events in 2013, flooding would occur on 

Ballou Road as well as at least ten other locations on Township controlled roads within the 

Township. All of these roads were flooded at the time of the accident. According to Rodawold, 

flooding routinely occurred on these roads because the Township was situated at the bottom of 

the drainage system in southern Will County. Rodawold testified that it would be impossible 
4 

from a financial standpoint to bring every one of these roads out of the flood plain. He stated 

that he had considered whether to try to alter the roadway on Ballou Road to reduce flooding but 

he determined that it would be prohibitively expensive. 

¶ 10 Raymond Lainey, a witness for the Township, testified that he was traveling eastbound 

on Ballou Road near the accident site at approximately 4:52 p.m. on the day of the accident. 

Some distance west of the bridge, Lainey observed what he estimated to be roughly 50-60 feet of 

water over the road at 12 inches deep followed by 40 feet of exposed dry and clear roadway 

between the area where the water ended and the bridge deck. He also noticed that the bridge’s 

south guardrail was missing. Lainey testified that, at the time he made these observations, it was

not yet dusk and there was still daylight.

¶ 11 Bruce Gould, the County Engineer for Will County from 2008 to March 2017, testified 

by deposition. During his deposition, Gould testified that the conditions of Ballou Road in the 

vicinity of Forked Creek on the morning of March 11, 2013, made the roadway unsafe for use by 

the traveling public. Gould stated that it was the duty of the elected authority of the Will County

highway system to protect persons using any roads within the system and to take care of any 

problems that existed. He testified that it is the highway commissioner’s discretionary decision 

whether to close a road within the system he supervises. The decision whether to close a road 

due to the depth of water on the road is a “subjective” decision made by the highway 

commissioner. However, Gould opined that, if it gets to the point where the traffic cannot use 

the road, the County has no other choice but to close the road. Gould further stated that, if 

Rodawold had told him that he had a flooding problem on Ballou Road in the vicinity of Forked 

Creek and asked to borrow some barricades or lights or signs, Gould likely would have 

accommodated that request.
5 

¶ 12 Raymond Semplinski, the administrator of the maintenance division for the Will County 

division of transportation at the time of the incident, also testified. Based on his experience as 

the maintenance administrator and his review of the Will County Sheriff’s report and the relevant 

deposition transcripts, Semplinski opined that, on the day of the accident, the portion of Ballou 

Road near Forked Creek was unsafe to the traveling public. Semplinski stated that, had that same 

condition arisen on a County highway, the affected pavement would have been closed to traffic 

as soon as practicable after it was discovered that standing water was overtopping the roadway. 

Semplinski further testified that, if Ballou Road had been part of the County's highway system 

on the date of the accident, and the County Department of Transportation had been aware of the 

flooding conditions testified to by Rodawold, immediate action upon notification would have 

been taken to close Ballou Road to the public and to place proper signage, lights, and/or 

barricades. Semplinski agreed with Gould's statement that, if Rodawold had asked to borrow 

some barricades, lights, or signs, to address the flooding on Ballou Road, Gould likely would 

have accommodated that request. 

¶ 13 Kenneth R. Agent testified on Plaintiffs’ behalf as a controlled expert witness. Argent

prepared a report in which he opined that: (1) the accident occurred when the driver lost control 

of the vehicle after encountering water over West Ballou Road on the eastbound approach to the 

bridge over Forked Creek; (2) West Ballou Road should have been closed after the existence of 

water over the road was known; (3) the accident occurred during darkness with no source of 

illumination of the accident site; (4) there was no warning of the water until it was encountered; 

(5) even during daylight conditions, a driver approaching the accident site would not have been 

able to determine the depth of the water on the road; (6) the driver of the vehicle lost control of 
6 

the vehicle, which caused the decedents' deaths; and (7) the vehicle was out of control from the 

time it encountered water on Ballou Road until the time it struck the guardrail. 

¶ 14 During his deposition, Agent proffered opinions as to the Township’s duty under the 

circumstances and its breach of that duty. He testified that

“nobody has to tell you to do anything. You have a duty as the person that’s 

maintaining your roadway, the entity that’s maintaining your roadway to be aware 

of the hazards of your roadway *** and then respond to the hazard, which wasn’t 

done here. *** “You know where the water floods. Therefore, those are the places 

you go in advance, put a permanent sign up. And when water gets high, you go 

close the roads. That’s their duty. *** When a road is impassable or dangerous 

because of water over it, your duty as the person, the entity in charge of the 

roadway is to close that road[.]”

¶ 15 Agent identified four things Wesley Township should have done to maintain Ballou Road 

in a passable condition and to alleviate the recurring flooding problems, including digging 

ditches next to the roadway, grading the turf adjacent to the roadway, installing a culvert 

underneath the roadway, and raising the elevation of the road. However, Agent admitted that, 

even if all of these improvements were performed, water could still get over the roadway and it 

would not eliminate the possibility of water accumulating over Ballou Road. Although he 

admitted that the existing signs posted on the corners of the bridge did not cause or contribute to 

the accident, he opined that the Township should have “initially provided warning signs or 

devices” in the form of an advance warning sign and barricade. 

¶ 16 On July 16, 2018, the Township moved for summary judgment pursuant to multiple 

sections of the Local Governmental and Governmental Employees Tort Immunity Act (the Act), 
7 

745 ILCS 10/1-101 et seq. (West 2012). After receiving briefing and hearing oral argument on 

the Township’s summary judgment motion, the trial court initially denied the motion. At that 

time, the trial court made the following findings of fact and law: (1) the Township had notice of 

problems, including flooding on Ballou Road, for years prior to the March 11, 2013, accident; 

(2) the Township’s highway commissioner knew that the road flooded approximately six times 

per year; (3) the Township controlled the use and maintenance of the road; (4) the Township had 

a duty to use reasonable care to maintain its property, including Ballou Road, in a safe condition; 

(5) on the morning of the accident, the highway commissioner personally observed that the road 

was impassable and unsafe and turned his own truck around to avoid damage to the truck; (6) the 

flooding rendered Ballou Road unsafe; (7) it is undisputed that the Township took no action to 

close Ballou Road; (8) the Township had a duty to close Ballou Road under the circumstances; 

(9) the Township had no discretion in the matter (i.e., the Township’s duty to close Ballou Road 

under the circumstances was ministerial); and (10) the Township breached its duty. 

¶ 17 On March 15, 2019, the Plaintiffs filed a motion for partial summary judgment on

liability arguing that: (1) the Township had breached its duty to close the road and to prevent the 

Plaintiffs’ decedents from traveling on it at the time of the accident, and (2) the Township’s 

failure to take these actions was a proximate cause of the Plaintiffs’ decedents’ deaths. The 

Plaintiffs sought and were granted leave to file amended complaints in their respective actions. 

On or about April 3, 2019, Plaintiffs filed their final amended complaints, the operative 

complaints in this litigation.

¶ 18 On or about May 22, 2019, the Township filed its answer and affirmative defenses to the 

Plaintiffs’ amended complaints. The Township asserted affirmative defenses of immunity under 

various sections of the Act. The Plaintiffs filed answers to the Township’s affirmative defenses. 
8 

¶ 19 On June 19, 2019, the trial court denied the Plaintiffs’ motion for partial summary 

judgment without making any findings of fact or conclusions of law. On July 19, 2019, the 

Plaintiffs filed a motion for clarification of the trial court’s order denying their motion for 

summary judgment in which they asked the court to articulate factual findings supporting its 

Order.

¶ 20 On August 13, 2019, the Township filed a renewed motion for summary judgment 

seeking dismissal of the Plaintiffs’ amended complaints on grounds of immunity under multiple 

sections of the Act. The trial court set the Township’s motion for hearing on September 10, 

2019. On September 4, 2019, the Plaintiffs moved to strike the Township’s renewed motion for 

summary judgment. 

¶ 21 At the September 10, 2019, hearing, the trial court granted the Township’s renewed 

motion for summary judgment and dismissed the case without expressly ruling on the Plaintiffs’ 

motions. During the hearing, the trial court stated that “the duty and the breach of duty either 

have been adjudicated or at this point I'm going to-- if not, then I would say, yes, there is a duty 

and there has been a breach of duty.” When ruling for the Township, the court said, “[w]ell, I 

hope plaintiffs appeal and I hope I'm reversed *** I recognize this is probably the third time I 

changed my mind.” 

¶ 22 On October 7, 2019, the Plaintiffs filed a motion for clarification, modification and/or 

reconsideration of the trial court’s Order and a motion to stay the Order pending the Plaintiffs’ 

filing of a notice of appeal. On October 7, 2019, the trial court denied the Plaintiffs’ motions for 

clarification, modification and/or reconsideration and stay. 

¶ 23 This appeal followed. 
9 

¶ 24 ANALYSIS 

¶ 25 Summary judgment is appropriate where the pleadings, depositions, and admissions on 

file, together with any affidavits and exhibits, when viewed in the light most favorable to the 

nonmoving party, indicate there is no genuine issue of material fact and that the moving party is 

entitled to judgment as a matter of law. County of Cook v. Village of Bridgeview, 2014 IL App 

(1st) 122164, ¶ 10. We review the trial court's ruling on a motion for summary judgment de 

novo. LaSalle Bank, N.I. v. First American Bank, 316 Ill. App. 3d 515, 521 (2000). 

¶ 26 The Plaintiffs argue that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment for the 

Township pursuant to the Act and in failing to grant their motion for partial summary judgment. 

¶ 27 The Township raises several arguments in support of the trial court’s judgment, including 

assertions of immunity under multiple section of the Act. However, we address only one of the 

Township’s arguments because we find it to be dispositive. 

¶ 28 Section 3–110 of the Act provides: 

“Neither a local public entity nor a public employee is liable for any 

injury occurring on, in, or adjacent to any waterway, lake, pond, river or 

stream not owned, supervised, maintained, operated, managed or 

controlled by the local public entity.” 745 ILCS 10/3-110 (West 2012).

¶ 29 It is undisputed that the Township does not own, supervise, maintain, operate, manage, or 

control Forked Creek, including the portion of the creek near the bridge. It is also undisputed 

that the Plaintiffs’ decedents died when they drowned in Forked Creek. The Plaintiffs have not 

alleged or presented evidence suggesting that the decedents died or were injured outside of the 

creek, e.g. when the vehicle hit the guardrail. The Plaintiffs seek compensation solely for the 

decedents’ drowning deaths in the creek. Section 3-110 provides absolute, unqualified immunity 
10 

to the Township for deaths occurring in Forked Creek, a river that the Township does not own, 

supervise, manage, maintain, or control. 

¶ 30 Our appellate court’s decision in McCoy v. Illinois International Port District, 334 Ill. 

App. 3d 462 (2002), is directly on point. In McCoy, a longshoreman slipped off a sea wall and 

fell into the Calumet River, where he drowned. By statute, the Illinois International Port District 

(Port District) was responsible for the maintenance of the facilities on the properties near the 

water. McCoy, 334 Ill. App. 3d at 464. The Port District’s contract with the decedent’s 

employer provided that the Port District retained all control and possession of the property at the 

landing where the decedent worked, and that the Port District had the duty to “provide and 

maintain in good order and repair for the use intended the dock, wharf and open land.” Id. at 

463. Photographs taken by OSHA after the accident showed that the concrete area on which the 

decedent was required to work was crumbled and dilapidated, and the Port District’s executive 

director testified that the dock had not been repaired for at least 15 years prior to the accident. 

Id. 

¶ 31 The special administrator of the decedent’s estate sued the Port District alleging that it 

had negligently failed to maintain the property in questions, specifically the sea dock/wall from 

which the decedent fell. Id. at 464. The Port District moved to dismiss, arguing that it was 

immunized from liability pursuant to section 3-110 of the Act because it did not own, supervise, 

maintain, operate, manage or control the Calumet River. The trial court granted the Port 

District’s motion and dismissed the negligence count of the claimant’s complaint.

¶ 32 On appeal, the plaintiff argued that section 3-110 should not apply because the Port 

District played a role in the maintenance, control, supervision, and management of the river by 

conducting business on the river and through its responsibility for the sea walls that contained 
11 

the river. Id. at 466. Our appellate court affirmed the trial court’s dismissal of the plaintiff’s 

negligence count pursuant to section 3-110. Our appellate court ruled that the plain language of 

section 3-110 unambiguously provides that, if a local public entity or public employee does not 

own, supervise, maintain, operate, manage, or control the river or other waterway, “there is no 

liability for any injury occurring on, in, or adjacent to the waterway.” Id. at 468. Our court held 

that the Port District’s statutory duty was limited to the maintenance of the port, harbor, and 

water and land terminal facilities, and that the Port District did not control the waterways 

themselves. Id. Accordingly, our appellate court found that section 3-110 immunized the Port 

District from liability for the decedent’s death. Id.

¶ 33 Other decisions of our appellate court have applied the same analysis and reached similar

results. For example, in Choice v. YMCA of McHenry County, 2012 IL App (1st) 102877, our 

appellate court held that section 3-110 immunized a public charter school and the board of 

education from liability for the deaths of students who drowned on the Fox River while attending 

a school-sponsored event at a nearby camp because the school defendants did not control or 

“supervise” the Fox River. Our appellate court reasoned that, although the teacher chaperones 

had a duty to supervise the students, they did not “supervise” the river because they had no right 

to control access to the river “derived from a proprietary or similar interest in the situs of the 

body of water itself.” Choice, 2012 IL App (1st) 102877, ¶ 49. 

¶ 34 Similarly, in Frayne v. Dacor Corp., 362 Ill. App. 3d 575 (2005), our appellate court 

affirmed summary judgment for various municipal fire protection districts who controlled and 

supervised a dive rescue training exercise during which a firefighter participating in the exercise 

drowned. Our appellate court held that, although the fire protection districts controlled the 
12 

exercise, they had no authority to control, supervise, or maintain the lake where the exercise and 

the drowning occurred. Id. at 581. 

¶ 35 Likewise, in Ward v. Myah’s Children Connection, Inc., 2018 IL App (3d) 160637-U, we 

affirmed the dismissal of a third-party complaint for contribution against the Peoria Park District 

under section 3-110. The plaintiff had sued a daycare center when a child in its care wandered 

away from a playground built and maintained by the park district and drowned in the flood 

waters of the Illinois River, which was adjacent to the playground. The Plaintiff alleged that the 

park district had engaged in willful and wanton conduct by: (1) building and maintaining a 

playground near the river; (2) failing to install a permanent fence or temporary fencing to limit 

access to the river; and/or (3) failing to close the playground or prevent use of the playground 

while the river was above flood stage levels. Id. ¶ 4. Following McCoy, we held the park district 

was immune from liability under section 3-110 because there were no allegations that it owned 

or controlled the river or any part of the river, and “control over the land adjacent to the river did 

not give the Park District control over the river.” Id. ¶ 12. We found the case to be analogous to 

McCoy, wherein a public entity controlled the sea wall adjacent to the river where the decedent 

drowned, but did not control the river itself. Id. ¶ 11. 

¶ 36 Following McCoy, Choice, Frayne, and Ward, we hold that the Township is immune 

from liability for the decedents’ deaths under section 3-110. The undisputed facts in this case 

establish that the Township did not own, control, manage, or supervise the river in which the 

decedents drowned. Accordingly, the plain and unambiguous terms of section 3-110 entitle the 

Township to absolute, unqualified immunity in this matter. 

¶ 37 The Plaintiffs argue that absolving the Township of liability pursuant to section 3-110 

would be an “absurd” result because: (1) the bridge at issue is within the Township’s 
13 

maintenance jurisdiction; (2) the purpose of the bridge is to traverse the creek, and the purpose of 

the bridge’s guardrails is to keep travelers on the road and out of the water; (3) the “injury” 

began when the Plaintiffs’ decedents encountered the flooding conditions on the Township’s 

road and lost control of the car; (4) the accident was caused by the Township’s negligence, even 

though the decedents “happened to end up in the water”; and (5) “just because an injury occurs 

adjacent to a waterway cannot insulate an otherwise liable entity even if that entity does not 

control any aspect of the waterway.” 

¶ 38 The Plaintiffs’ arguments contradict the plain terms of section 3-110 and our appellate 

court’s holdings in McCoy and its progeny. In McCoy, we held that a public entity was not liable 

for a decedent’s drowing death even though it controlled the seawall surface from which the 

decedent fell into the river, it had a duty to maintain that surface, it failed to properly maintain 

that surface, and its failure to repair the crumbled and dilapidated condition of the seawall 

surface could have been a contributing cause of the decedent’s fall into the river. In Choice and 

Ward, we held that the fact that a public entity owns or controls property adjacent to a river 

where a decedent drowns does not mean that it controls or supervises the river. Thus, even if the 

public entity fails to adequately protect persons using its land from the dangers posed by an 

adjacent river (for example, by failing to close the public land adjacent to the river, failing to 

erect barriers to the river, or failing to properly maintain the land), section 3-110 immunity 

precludes liability for injuries that occur in, on, or adjacent to the river. McCoy, 334 Il. App. 3d 

at 468; Choice, 2012 IL App (1st) 102877, ¶ 49; Ward, 2018 IL App (3d) 160637-U, ¶¶ 11-12. 

¶ 39 Even if we were to agree with the Plaintiffs’ argument that the application of section 3-

110 in this manner leads to an “absurd” and “ludicrous” result in this case, we cannot ignore the

unambiguous requirements of section 3-110. See Choice, 2012 IL App (1st) 102877, ¶ 27 
14 

(although “we must assume that the legislature did not intend to create an absurd or unjust result 

***, we are also mindful that the language of the statute is the surest and most reliable indicator 

of legislative intent, and where that language is clear and unambiguous, we must apply that 

language without further aids of statutory construction”). 

¶ 40 The Plaintiffs suggest that a public entity’s duty to maintain roads within its jurisdiction

in a safe condition for use by the general public overrides the immunity provisions contained in 

Article III of the Act, including section 3-110. The Plaintiff points to section 3-102(a) of the 

Act, which provides that:

“[e]xcept as otherwise provided in this Article, a local public entity has 

the duty to exercise ordinary care to maintain its property in a 

reasonably safe condition for the use in the exercise of ordinary care of 

people whom the entity intended and permitted to use the property in a 

manner in which and at such times as it was reasonably foreseeable that 

it would be used, and shall not be liable for injury unless it is proven that 

it has actual or constructive notice of the existence of such a condition 

that is not reasonably safe in reasonably adequate time prior to an injury 

to have taken measures to remedy or protect against such condition.” 

745 ILCS 10/3-102(a) (West 2012). 

The Plaintiffs characterize the Township’s failures to close Ballou road, to erect 

barricades, to place warning signs, and to alter and/or improve the road conditions to 

prevent or reduce flooding as a breach of the Township’s duty to maintain roads 

within its jurisdiction pursuant to section 3-102(a). They contend that, because it is 

undisputed that the Township had actual notice of the flooding on Ballou road near 
15 

the bridge on the day of the accident, section 3-102(a) renders the Township liable 

for the decedents’ deaths notwithstanding section 3-110 and the other immunities 

conferred in Article III of the Act. 

¶ 41 We do not find these arguments to be persuasive. As our supreme court has noted, 

section 3-102(a) provides that a local public entity has a duty to maintain its property “[e]xcept 

as otherwise provided in this Article.” (Emphasis added.) 745 ILCS 10/3-102(a) (West 2012); 

West v. Kirkham, 147 Ill.2d 1, 14 (1992). It is “otherwise provided” in section 3-110, which is 

located in Article III of the Act together with section 3-102(a), that a public entity is not liable 

“for any injury occurring on, in, or adjacent to any waterway, lake, pond, river or stream not 

owned, supervised, maintained, operated, managed or controlled by the local public entity.” 745 

ILCS 10/3-110 (West 2012). Unlike immunities conferred by other sections of Article III, 

section 3-110 does not state that the immunity it prescribes is subject to the duty to maintain 

codified in section 3-102(a).1

 Rather, it creates an absolute and unqualified immunity from 

liability for the category of injuries it identifies. “We may not depart from the plain language of 

an unambiguous statute by reading into it exceptions, limitations, or conditions not expressed by 

the legislature.” Taylor v. Pekin Insurance Co., 231 Ill. 2d 390, 395 (2008); see also Sinkus v. 

BTE Consulting, 2017 IL App (1st) 152135, ¶ 14. 

¶ 42 Accordingly, even assuming that the Township had a duty to take the measures urged by 

the Plaintiffs, that it had actual notice of the hazardous flood conditions, and that it breached its 

duty to the Plaintiffs, it is immune from lability in this case. Because we hold that summary 

judgment for the Township was proper under section 3-110 of the Act, we do not address the 

1 See 745 ILCS 3-105(c) (West 2012) (providing that a public entity is immune from liability for injuries 

caused by the effects of weather conditions on public roads, but stating that “[n]othing in this Section 

shall relieve the local public entity of the duty to exercise ordinary care in the maintenance of its property 

as set forth in Section 3-102.” 
16 

Township’s assertions of immunity under other sections of the Act or the Plaintiffs arguments on 

those issues. 

¶ 43 CONCLUSION

¶ 44 For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the judgment of the circuit court of Will County 

granting the Township’s motion for summary judgment and denying the Plaintiffs’ motion for 

partial summary judgment. 

¶ 45 Affirmed.