# Council Decision of 12 February 2013 on the conclusion on behalf of the European Union of the Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary            Protocol on Liability and Redress to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (Text with EEA relevance) (2013/86/EU)         

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U.K.

# Council Decision

# of 12 February 2013

# on the conclusion on behalf of the European Union of the Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress                        to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety                     

# (Text with EEA relevance)

# (2013/86/EU)

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,

Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Article 192, in conjunction with Article                           218(6)(a) thereof,                        

Having regard to the proposal from the European Commission,

Having regard to the consent of the European Parliament(1),                        

Whereas:

(1)Article 27 of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity(2) (‘the Protocol’) provides that the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Protocol (COP/MOP)                              shall adopt, in its first meeting, a process with respect to the elaboration of international rules and procedures in the                              field of liability and redress for damage resulting from transboundary movements of living modified organisms.

(2)In June 2007, the Council adopted a Decision authorising the Commission to participate in the negotiations concerning liability                              and redress in this field on behalf of the Union as regards matters falling within Union competence, in accordance with certain                              negotiating directives. That authorisation was extended in October 2008 to cover the final stages of the negotiations.

(3)During the fifth COP/MOP in Nagoya, Japan, the Union supported the final compromise reached on the Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary                              Protocol on Liability and Redress to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (‘the Supplementary Protocol’), following consideration                              that it was within the limits of the agreed Union positions and negotiating directives addressed to the Commission.

(4)On 15 October 2010, the final plenary of the fifth COP/MOP adopted the Supplementary Protocol.

(5)On 20 December 2010, the Council welcomed the adoption of the Supplementary Protocol.

(6)In accordance with a Council Decision of 6 May 2011(3), the Supplementary Protocol was signed by the Union on 11 May 2011, subject to its conclusion at a later date.

(7)According to Article 34 of the Convention on Biological Diversity(4), any protocol to that Convention is subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by States and by regional economic integration                              organisations.

(8)The Union and its Member States should endeavour to deposit as soon as possible their instruments of ratification, acceptance                              or approval of the Supplementary Protocol.

(9)The Supplementary Protocol contributes to the achievement of the objectives of the environmental policy of the Union.

(10)The Supplementary Protocol should therefore be approved on behalf of the Union,

HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:

# Article 1U.K.

The Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety is hereby approved                     on behalf of the Union.                  

The text of the Supplementary Protocol is attached to this Decision.

# Article 2U.K.

The President of the Council shall designate the person(s) empowered to deposit, on behalf of the Union, as regards matters                     falling within the Union’s competence, the instrument of approval provided for in Article 18 of the Supplementary Protocol(5). At the same time, these person(s) shall deposit the declaration set out in the Annex to this Decision, in accordance with                     Article 34(3) of the Convention on Biological Diversity.                  

# Article 3U.K.

This Decision shall enter into force on the day of its adoption.

Done at Brussels, 12 February 2013.

*For the Council*                            

*The President*                            

M. Noonan                            

## ANNEXU.K.**DECLARATION BY THE EUROPEAN UNION IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE 34, PARAGRAPH 3, OF THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY**

‘The European Union declares that, in accordance with the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular                        Article 191 thereof, it is competent for entering into international agreements, and for implementing the obligations resulting                        therefrom, which contribute to the pursuit of the following objectives:                  
          -  preserving, protecting and improving the quality of the environment;                         
          -  protecting human health;                         
          -  prudent and rational utilisation of natural resources;                         
          -  promoting measures at international level to deal with regional or worldwide environmental problems, and in particular combating                              climate change.                         

Moreover, the European Union adopts measures at Union level in the area of judicial cooperation in civil matters for the proper                        functioning of its internal market.                  

The European Union declares that it has already adopted legal instruments, binding on its Member States, covering matters                        governed by this Supplementary Protocol. The exercise of Union competence is by nature subject to continuous development.                        In order to comply with its obligations under Article 20(3)(a) of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention of                        Biodiversity, the Union will keep up to date the list of legal instruments already transmitted to the Biosafety Clearing House.                  

The European Union is responsible for the performance of those obligations resulting from this Supplementary Protocol which                        are covered by Union law in force.’                  

U.K.

# Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety

THE PARTIES TO THIS SUPPLEMENTARY PROTOCOL,

BEING Parties to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity, hereinafter referred to as                                 ‘the Protocol’,                              

TAKING INTO ACCOUNT Principle 13 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development,

REAFFIRMING the precautionary approach contained in Principle 15 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development,

RECOGNIZING the need to provide for appropriate response measures where there is damage or sufficient likelihood of damage,                                 consistent with the Protocol,                              

RECALLING Article 27 of the Protocol,

HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS:

## Article 1U.K.Objective

The objective of this Supplementary Protocol is to contribute to the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity,                           taking also into account risks to human health, by providing international rules and procedures in the field of liability                           and redress relating to living modified organisms.                        

## Article 2U.K.Use of terms

1.The terms used in Article 2 of the Convention on Biological Diversity, hereinafter referred to as ‘the Convention’, and Article                              3 of the Protocol shall apply to this Supplementary Protocol.                        

2.In addition, for the purposes of this Supplementary Protocol:                        

(a)‘Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Protocol’ means the Conference of the Parties to the                              Convention serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Protocol;                        

(b)‘Damage’ means an adverse effect on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, taking also into account                              risks to human health, that:                        

Is measurable or otherwise observable taking into account, wherever available, scientifically-established baselines recognized                                    by a competent authority that takes into account any other human induced variation and natural variation; and                                 

Is significant as set out in paragraph 3 below;

(c)‘Operator’ means any person in direct or indirect control of the living modified organism which could, as appropriate and                              as determined by domestic law, include, inter alia, the permit holder, person who placed the living modified organism on the                              market, developer, producer, notifier, exporter, importer, carrier or supplier;                        

(d)‘Response measures’ means reasonable actions to:                        

Prevent, minimize, contain, mitigate, or otherwise avoid damage, as appropriate;

Restore biological diversity through actions to be undertaken in the following order of preference:

Restoration of biological diversity to the condition that existed before the damage occurred, or its nearest equivalent; and                                             where the competent authority determines this is not possible;                                          

Restoration by, inter alia, replacing the loss of biological diversity with other components of biological diversity for the                                             same, or for another type of use either at the same or, as appropriate, at an alternative location.                                          

3.A ‘significant’ adverse effect is to be determined on the basis of factors, such as:                        

(a)The long-term or permanent change, to be understood as change that will not be redressed through natural recovery within a                              reasonable period of time;                        

(b)The extent of the qualitative or quantitative changes that adversely affect the components of biological diversity;                        

(c)The reduction of the ability of components of biological diversity to provide goods and services;                        

(d)The extent of any adverse effects on human health in the context of the Protocol.                        

## Article 3U.K.Scope

1.This Supplementary Protocol applies to damage resulting from living modified organisms which find their origin in a transboundary                              movement. The living modified organisms referred to are those:                        

(a)Intended for direct use as food or feed, or for processing;                        

(b)Destined for contained use;                        

(c)Intended for intentional introduction into the environment.                        

2.With respect to intentional transboundary movements, this Supplementary Protocol applies to damage resulting from any authorized                              use of the living modified organisms referred to in paragraph 1 above.                        

3.This Supplementary Protocol also applies to damage resulting from unintentional transboundary movements as referred to in                              Article 17 of the Protocol as well as damage resulting from illegal transboundary movements as referred to in Article 25 of                              the Protocol.                        

4.This Supplementary Protocol applies to damage resulting from a transboundary movement of living modified organisms that started                              after the entry into force of this Supplementary Protocol for the Party into whose jurisdiction the transboundary movement                              was made.                        

5.This Supplementary Protocol applies to damage that occurred in areas within the limits of the national jurisdiction of Parties.                        

6.Parties may use criteria set out in their domestic law to address damage that occurs within the limits of their national jurisdiction.                        

7.Domestic law implementing this Supplementary Protocol shall also apply to damage resulting from transboundary movements of                              living modified organisms from non-Parties.                        

## Article 4U.K.Causation

A causal link shall be established between the damage and the living modified organism in question in accordance with domestic                           law.                        

## Article 5U.K.Response measures

1.Parties shall require the appropriate operator or operators, in the event of damage, subject to any requirements of the competent                              authority, to:                        

(a)Immediately inform the competent authority;                        

(b)Evaluate the damage; and                        

(c)Take appropriate response measures.                        

2.The competent authority shall:                        

(a)Identify the operator which has caused the damage;                        

(b)Evaluate the damage; and                        

(c)Determine which response measures should be taken by the operator.                        

3.Where relevant information, including available scientific information or information available in the Biosafety Clearing-House,                              indicates that there is a sufficient likelihood that damage will result if timely response measures are not taken, the operator                              shall be required to take appropriate response measures so as to avoid such damage.                        

4.The competent authority may implement appropriate response measures, including, in particular, when the operator has failed                              to do so.                        

5.The competent authority has the right to recover from the operator the costs and expenses of, and incidental to, the evaluation                              of the damage and the implementation of any such appropriate response measures. Parties may provide, in their domestic law,                              for other situations in which the operator may not be required to bear the costs and expenses.                        

6.Decisions of the competent authority requiring the operator to take response measures should be reasoned. Such decisions should                              be notified to the operator. Domestic law shall provide for remedies, including the opportunity for administrative or judicial                              review of such decisions. The competent authority shall, in accordance with domestic law, also inform the operator of the                              available remedies. Recourse to such remedies shall not impede the competent authority from taking response measures in appropriate                              circumstances, unless otherwise provided by domestic law.                        

7.In implementing this Article and with a view to defining the specific response measures to be required or taken by the competent                              authority, Parties may, as appropriate, assess whether response measures are already addressed by their domestic law on civil                              liability.                        

8.Response measures shall be implemented in accordance with domestic law.                        

## Article 6U.K.Exemptions

1.Parties may provide, in their domestic law, for the following exemptions:                        

(a)Act of God or force majeure; and                        

(b)Act of war or civil unrest.                        

2.Parties may provide, in their domestic law, for any other exemptions or mitigations as they may deem fit.                        

## Article 7U.K.Time limits

Parties may provide, in their domestic law, for:

Relative and/or absolute time limits including for actions related to response measures; and

The commencement of the period to which a time limit applies.

## Article 8U.K.Financial limits

Parties may provide, in their domestic law, for financial limits for the recovery of costs and expenses related to response                           measures.                        

## Article 9U.K.Right of recourse

This Supplementary Protocol shall not limit or restrict any right of recourse or indemnity that an operator may have against                           any other person.                        

## Article 10U.K.Financial security

1.Parties retain the right to provide, in their domestic law, for financial security.                        

2.Parties shall exercise the right referred to in paragraph 1 above in a manner consistent with their rights and obligations                              under international law, taking into account the final three preambular paragraphs of the Protocol.                        

3.The first meeting of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Protocol after the entry into                              force of the Supplementary Protocol shall request the Secretariat to undertake a comprehensive study which shall address,                              inter alia:                        

(a)The modalities of financial security mechanisms;                        

(b)An assessment of the environmental, economic and social impacts of such mechanisms, in particular on developing countries;                              and                        

(c)An identification of the appropriate entities to provide financial security.                        

## Article 11U.K.Responsibility of States for internationally wrongful acts

This Supplementary Protocol shall not affect the rights and obligations of States under the rules of general international                           law with respect to the responsibility of States for internationally wrongful acts.                        

## Article 12U.K.Implementation and relation to civil liability

1.Parties shall provide, in their domestic law, for rules and procedures that address damage. To implement this obligation,                              Parties shall provide for response measures in accordance with this Supplementary Protocol and may, as appropriate:                        

(a)Apply their existing domestic law, including, where applicable, general rules and procedures on civil liability;                        

(b)Apply or develop civil liability rules and procedures specifically for this purpose; or                        

(c)Apply or develop a combination of both.                        

2.Parties shall, with the aim of providing adequate rules and procedures in their domestic law on civil liability for material                              or personal damage associated with the damage as defined in Article 2, paragraph 2(b):                        

(a)Continue to apply their existing general law on civil liability;                        

(b)Develop and apply or continue to apply civil liability law specifically for that purpose; or                        

(c)Develop and apply or continue to apply a combination of both.                        

3.When developing civil liability law as referred to in subparagraphs (b) or (c) of paragraphs 1 or 2 above, Parties shall,                              as appropriate, address, inter alia, the following elements:                        

(a)Damage;                        

(b)Standard of liability including strict or fault-based liability;                        

(c)Channelling of liability, where appropriate;                        

(d)Right to bring claims.                        

## Article 13U.K.Assessment and review

The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Protocol shall undertake a review of the effectiveness                           of this Supplementary Protocol five years after its entry into force and every five years thereafter, provided information                           requiring such a review has been made available by Parties. The review shall be undertaken in the context of the assessment                           and review of the Protocol as specified in Article 35 of the Protocol, unless otherwise decided by the Parties to this Supplementary                           Protocol. The first review shall include a review of the effectiveness of Articles 10 and 12.                        

## Article 14U.K.Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Protocol

1.Subject to paragraph 2 of Article 32 of the Convention, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties                              to the Protocol shall serve as the meeting of the Parties to this Supplementary Protocol.                        

2.The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Protocol shall keep under regular review the implementation                              of this Supplementary Protocol and shall make, within its mandate, the decisions necessary to promote its effective implementation.                              It shall perform the functions assigned to it by this Supplementary Protocol and, *mutatis mutandis*, the functions assigned to it by paragraphs 4(a) and (f) of Article 29 of the Protocol.                        

## Article 15U.K.Secretariat

The Secretariat established by Article 24 of the Convention shall serve as the secretariat to this Supplementary Protocol.

## Article 16U.K.Relationship with the Convention and the Protocol

1.This Supplementary Protocol shall supplement the Protocol and shall neither modify nor amend the Protocol.                        

2.This Supplementary Protocol shall not affect the rights and obligations of the Parties to this Supplementary Protocol under                              the Convention and the Protocol.                        

3.Except as otherwise provided in this Supplementary Protocol, the provisions of the Convention and the Protocol shall apply,                              *mutatis mutandis*, to this Supplementary Protocol.                        

4.Without prejudice to paragraph 3 above, this Supplementary Protocol shall not affect the rights and obligations of a Party                              under international law.                        

## Article 17U.K.Signature

This Supplementary Protocol shall be open for signature by Parties to the Protocol at the United Nations Headquarters in New                           York from 7 March 2011 to 6 March 2012.                        

## Article 18U.K.Entry into force

1.This Supplementary Protocol shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit of the fortieth instrument                              of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession by States or regional economic integration organizations that are Parties                              to the Protocol.                        

2.This Supplementary Protocol shall enter into force for a State or regional economic integration organization that ratifies,                              accepts or approves it or accedes thereto after the deposit of the fortieth instrument as referred to in paragraph 1 above,                              on the ninetieth day after the date on which that State or regional economic integration organization deposits its instrument                              of ratification, acceptance, approval, or accession, or on the date on which the Protocol enters into force for that State                              or regional economic integration organization, whichever shall be the later.                        

3.For the purposes of paragraphs 1 and 2 above, any instrument deposited by a regional economic integration organization shall                              not be counted as additional to those deposited by member States of such organization.                        

## Article 19U.K.Reservations

No reservations may be made to this Supplementary Protocol.

## Article 20U.K.Withdrawal

1.At any time after two years from the date on which this Supplementary Protocol has entered into force for a Party, that Party                              may withdraw from this Supplementary Protocol by giving written notification to the Depositary.                        

2.Any such withdrawal shall take place upon expiry of one year after the date of its receipt by the Depositary, or on such later                              date as may be specified in the notification of the withdrawal.                        

3.Any Party which withdraws from the Protocol in accordance with Article 39 of the Protocol shall be considered as also having                              withdrawn from this Supplementary Protocol.                        

## Article 21U.K.Authentic texts

The original of this Supplementary Protocol, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are                           equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.                        

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, being duly authorized to that effect, have signed this Supplementary Protocol.

DONE at Nagoya on this fifteenth day of October two thousand and ten.

1

Not yet published in the Official Journal.

2

OJ L 201, 31.7.2002, p. 50.                           

3

Not yet published in the Official Journal.

4

OJ L 309, 13.12.1993, p. 3.                           

5

The date of entry into force of the Supplementary Protocol will be published in the *Official Journal of the European Union* by the General Secretariat of the Council.