43420 Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 139 / Thursday, July 21, 2022 / Rules and Regulations 

3The ODEQ has adopted this subpart unchanged and applied for delegation of the standard. The subpart was vacated and remanded to the 

EPA by the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. See, Mossville Environmental Action Network v. EPA, 370 F. 3d 

1232 (D.C. Cir. 2004). Because of the D.C. Court’s holding, this subpart is not delegated to ODEQ at this time. 4This subpart was issued a partial vacatur by the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. See 72 FR 61060 (October 29, 2007). 5Final rule. See 76 FR 15608 (March 21, 2011), as amended at 78 FR 7138 (January 31, 2013); 80 FR 72807 (November 20, 2015). 

6Final promulgated rule adopted by the EPA. See 80 FR 65470 (October 26, 2015). Part 63 Subpart KKKKK was amended to correct minor 

typographical errors at 80 FR 75817 (December 4, 2015). 7Final Rule. See 77 FR 9304 (February 16, 2012), as amended 81 FR 20172 (April 6, 2016). Final Supplemental Finding that it is appropriate 

and necessary to regulate HAP emissions from Coal- and Oil-fired EUSGU Units. See 81 FR 24420 (April 25, 2016). 

* * * * * 

[FR Doc. 2022–15517 Filed 7–20–22; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 6560–50–P 

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 

AGENCY 

40 CFR Part 180 

[EPA–HQ–OPP–2020–0296; FRL–9924–01– 

OCSPP] 

Various Fragrance Components; 

Exemptions From the Requirement of 

a Tolerance 

AGENCY: Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA). 

ACTION: Final rule. 

SUMMARY: This regulation establishes 

exemptions from the requirement of a 

tolerance for residues of various 

fragrance components listed in unit II of 

this document when they are used as 

inert ingredients in antimicrobial 

pesticide formulations for use on food 

contact surfaces in public eating places, 

dairy processing equipment, and food 

processing equipment and utensils with 

end-use concentration not to exceed 100 

parts per million (ppm). Verto Solutions 

on behalf of The Clorox Company 

submitted a petition to EPA under the 

Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act 

(FFDCA), requesting the establishment 

of such exemptions from the 

requirement of a tolerance. This 

regulation eliminates the need to 

establish a maximum permissible level 

for residues of various fragrance 

components. 

DATES: This regulation is effective July 

21, 2022. Objections and requests for 

hearings must be received on or before 

September 19, 2022, and must be filed 

in accordance with the instructions 

provided in 40 CFR part 178 (see also 

Unit I.C. of the SUPPLEMENTARY

INFORMATION). 

ADDRESSES: The docket for this action, 

identified by docket identification (ID) 

number EPA–HQ–OPP–2020–0296, is 

available at https://www.regulations.gov 

or at the Office of Pesticide Programs 

Regulatory Public Docket (OPP Docket) 

in the Environmental Protection Agency 

Docket Center (EPA/DC), West William 

Jefferson Clinton Bldg., Rm. 3334, 1301 

Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC 

20460–0001. The Public Reading Room 

is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., 

Monday through Friday, excluding legal 

holidays. The telephone number for the 

Public Reading Room and the OPP 

Docket is (202) 566–1744. For the latest 

status information on EPA/DC services, 

docket access, visit https://

www.epa.gov/dockets. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 

Marietta Echeverria, Registration 

Division (7505P), Office of Pesticide 

Programs, Environmental Protection 

Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, 

Washington, DC 20460–0001; main 

telephone number: (202) 566–1030; 

email address: RDFRNotices@epa.gov. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

I. General Information 

A. Does this action apply to me? 

You may be potentially affected by 

this action if you are an agricultural 

producer, food manufacturer, or 

pesticide manufacturer. The following 

list of North American Industrial 

Classification System (NAICS) codes is 

not intended to be exhaustive, but rather 

provides a guide to help readers 

determine whether this document 

applies to them. Potentially affected 

entities may include: 

• Animal production (NAICS code 

112). 

• Food manufacturing (NAICS code 

311). 

• Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS 

code 32532). 

B. How can I get electronic access to 

other related information? 

You may access a frequently updated 

electronic version of 40 CFR part 180 

through the Office of the Federal 

Register’s e-CFR site at https://

www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40. 

C. How can I file an objection or hearing 

request? 

Under FFDCA section 408(g), 21 

U.S.C. 346a, any person may file an 

objection to any aspect of this regulation 

and may also request a hearing on those 

objections. You must file your objection 

or request a hearing on this regulation 

in accordance with the instructions 

provided in 40 CFR part 178. To ensure 

proper receipt by EPA, you must 

identify docket ID number EPA–HQ– 

OPP–2020–0296 in the subject line on 

the first page of your submission. All 

objections and requests for a hearing 

must be in writing and must be received 

by the Hearing Clerk on or before 

September 19, 2022. Addresses for mail 

and hand delivery of objections and 

hearing requests are provided in 40 CFR 

178.25(b). 

In addition to filing an objection or 

hearing request with the Hearing Clerk 

as described in 40 CFR part 178, please 

submit a copy of the filing (excluding 

any Confidential Business Information 

(CBI)) for inclusion in the public docket. 

Information not marked confidential 

pursuant to 40 CFR part 2 may be 

disclosed publicly by EPA without prior 

notice. Submit the non-CBI copy of your 

objection or hearing request, identified 

by docket ID number EPA–HQ–OPP– 

2020–0296, by one of the following 

methods: 

• Federal eRulemaking Portal: 

https://www.regulations.gov. Follow the 

online instructions for submitting 

comments. Do not submit electronically 

any information you consider to be CBI 

or other information whose disclosure is 

restricted by statute. 

• Mail: OPP Docket, Environmental 

Protection Agency Docket Center (EPA/ 

DC), (28221T), 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. 

NW, Washington, DC 20460–0001. 

• Hand Delivery: To make special 

arrangements for hand delivery or 

delivery of boxed information, please 

follow the instructions at https://

www.epa.gov/dockets/contacts.html. 

Additional instructions on 

commenting or visiting the docket, 

along with more information about 

dockets generally, is available at https:// 

www.epa.gov/dockets. 

II. Petition for Exemption 

In the Federal Register of June 24, 

2020 (85 FR 37807) (FRL–10010–82), 

EPA issued a document pursuant to 

FFDCA section 408, 21 U.S.C. 346a, 

announcing the filing of a pesticide 

petition (PP IN–11018) by Verto 

Solutions on behalf of The Clorox 

Company, 4900 Johnson Dr., Pleasanton, 

CA 94588. The petition requested that 

40 CFR 180.940(a) be amended by 


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establishing an exemption from the 

requirement of a tolerance for residues 

of acetaldehyde ethyl cis- 3-hexenyl 

acetal (CAS Reg. No. 28069–74–1), (tri- 

)acetin (CAS Reg. No. 102–76–1), 

acetophenone (CAS Reg. No. 98–86–2), 

allyl alpha-ionone (CAS Reg. No. 79– 

78–7), benzaldehyde (CAS Reg. No. 

100–52–7), benzyl alcohol (CAS Reg. 

No. 100–51–6), benzyl butyrate (CAS 

Reg. No. 103–37–7), benzyl isobutyrate 

(CAS Reg. No. 103–28–6), benzyl 

propionate (CAS Reg. No. 122–63–4), 

carvacrol (CAS Reg. No. 499–75–2), 

cinnamaldehyde (CAS Reg. No. 104–55– 

2), cinnamyl alcohol (CAS Reg. No. 

104–54–1), cuminaldehyde (CAS Reg. 

No. 122–03–2), diethyl malonate (CAS 

Reg. No. 105–53–3), 1,1-diethoxy-3,7- 

dimethylocta-2,6-diene (CAS Reg. No. 

7492–66–2), dihydro-beta-ionone (CAS 

Reg. No. 17283–81–7), dihydrocarvyl 

acetate (CAS Reg. No. 20777–49–5), 

ethyl acetoacetate (CAS Reg. No. 141– 

97–9), ethyl benzoate (CAS Reg. No. 93– 

89–0), ethylene brassylate (CAS Reg. No. 

105–95–3), ethyl salicylate (CAS Reg. 

No. 118–61–6), 4-formy-l-2- 

methoxyphenyl 2- methylpropanoate; 

vanillin isobutyrate (CAS Reg. No. 

20665–85–4), hydroxycitronellal (CAS 

Reg. No. 107–75–5), hydroxycitronellol 

(CAS Reg. No. 107–74–4), 4-(phydroxyphenyl)-2- butanone (CAS Reg. 

No. 5471–51–2), pmethoxybenzaldehyde (CAS Reg. No. 

123–11–5), 2-methoxy-4- propylphenol 

(CAS Reg. No. 2785–87–7), 4′- 

methylacetophenone (CAS Reg. No. 

122–00–9), alpha-methylbenzyl acetate 

(CAS Reg. No. 93–92–5), alphamethylbenzyl alcohol (CAS Reg. No. 98– 

85–1), methyl benzoate (CAS Reg. No. 

93–58–3), alphamethylcinnamaldehyde (CAS Reg. No. 

101–39–3), methyl cinnamate (CAS Reg. 

No. 103–26–4), 5-methyl-2-hepten-4- 

one (CAS Reg. No. 81925–81–7), alphaiso-methylionone (CAS Reg. No. 127– 

51–5), methyl salicylate (CAS Reg. No. 

119–36–8), cis-6-nonenal (CAS Reg. No. 

2277–19–2), cis-6-nonen-1-ol (CAS Reg. 

No. 35854–86–5), octanal dimethyl 

acetal (CAS Reg. No. 10022–28–3), 

phenethyl acetate (CAS Reg. No. 103– 

45–7), phenethyl alcohol (CAS Reg. No. 

60–12–8), phenethyl isobutyrate (CAS 

Reg. No. 103–48–0), phenethyl 

phenylacetate (CAS Reg. No. 102–20–5), 

phenylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal 

(CAS Reg. No. 101–48–4), 3-phenyl-1- 

propanol (CAS Reg. No. 122–97–4), 1- 

(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexa-1,3- dienyl)-2- 

buten-1-one (CAS Reg. No. 23696–85– 

7), delta-1-(2,6,6-trimethyl- 3- 

cyclohexen-1-yl)-2- buten-1-one (CAS 

Reg. No. 57378–68–4), triethyl citrate 

(CAS Reg. No. 77–93–0), thiogeraniol 

(CAS Reg. No. 39067–80–6), thymol 

(CAS Reg. No. 89–83–8), vanillin (CAS 

Reg. No. 121–33–5), veratraldehyde 

(CAS Reg. No. 120–14–9) when used as 

an inert ingredient fragrance component 

in pesticide formulations applied to 

food contact surfaces in public eating 

places, dairy processing equipment, and 

food processing equipment with enduse concentrations not to exceed 100 

ppm. That document referenced a 

summary of the petition prepared by 

Verto Solutions on behalf of The Clorox 

Company, the petitioner, which is 

available in the docket, https://

www.regulations.gov/docket/EPA-HQOPP-2020-0296. There were no 

comments received in response to the 

notice of filing. 

III. Inert Ingredient Definition 

Inert ingredients are all ingredients 

that are not active ingredients as defined 

in 40 CFR 153.125 and include, but are 

not limited to, the following types of 

ingredients (except when they have a 

pesticidal efficacy of their own): 

Solvents such as alcohols and 

hydrocarbons; surfactants such as 

polyoxyethylene polymers and fatty 

acids; carriers such as clay and 

diatomaceous earth; thickeners such as 

carrageenan and modified cellulose; 

wetting, spreading, and dispersing 

agents; propellants in aerosol 

dispensers; microencapsulating agents; 

and emulsifiers. The term ‘‘inert’’ is not 

intended to imply nontoxicity; the 

ingredient may or may not be 

chemically active. Generally, EPA has 

exempted inert ingredients from the 

requirement of a tolerance based on the 

low toxicity of the individual inert 

ingredients. 

IV. Aggregate Risk Assessment and 

Determination of Safety 

Section 408(c)(2)(A)(i) of FFDCA 

allows EPA to establish an exemption 

from the requirement for a tolerance (the 

legal limit for a pesticide chemical 

residue in or on a food) only if EPA 

determines that the tolerance is ‘‘safe.’’ 

Section 408(b)(2)(A)(ii) of FFDCA 

defines ‘‘safe’’ to mean that ‘‘there is a 

reasonable certainty that no harm will 

result from aggregate exposure to the 

pesticide chemical residue, including 

all anticipated dietary exposures and all 

other exposures for which there is 

reliable information.’’ This includes 

exposure through drinking water and in 

residential settings but does not include 

occupational exposure. Section 

408(b)(2)(C) of FFDCA requires EPA to 

give special consideration to exposure 

of infants and children to the pesticide 

chemical residue in establishing a 

tolerance and to ‘‘ensure that there is a 

reasonable certainty that no harm will 

result to infants and children from 

aggregate exposure to the pesticide 

chemical residue. . . .’’ 

EPA establishes exemptions from the 

requirement of a tolerance only in those 

cases where it can be clearly 

demonstrated that the risks from 

aggregate exposure to pesticide 

chemical residues under reasonably 

foreseeable circumstances will pose no 

harm to human health. In order to 

determine the risks from aggregate 

exposure to pesticide inert ingredients, 

the Agency considers the toxicity of the 

inert in conjunction with possible 

exposure to residues of the inert 

ingredient through food, drinking water, 

and through other exposures that occur 

as a result of pesticide use in residential 

settings. If EPA is able to determine that 

a finite tolerance is not necessary to 

ensure that there is a reasonable 

certainty that no harm will result from 

aggregate exposure to the inert 

ingredient, an exemption from the 

requirement of a tolerance may be 

established. 

Consistent with FFDCA section 

408(c)(2)(A), and the factors specified in 

FFDCA section 408(c)(2)(B), EPA has 

reviewed the available scientific data 

and other relevant information in 

support of this action. EPA has 

sufficient data to assess the hazards of 

and to make a determination on 

aggregate exposure for various fragrance 

components including exposure 

resulting from the exemption 

established by this action. EPA’s 

assessment of exposures and risks 

associated with various fragrance 

components follows. 

A. Toxicological Profile 

EPA has evaluated the available 

toxicity data and considered their 

validity, completeness, and reliability as 

well as the relationship of the results of 

the studies to human risk. EPA has also 

considered available information 

concerning the variability of the 

sensitivities of major identifiable 

subgroups of consumers, including 

infants and children. Specific 

information on the studies received for 

the various fragrance components are 

discussed in this unit. 

The Agency assessed these fragrance 

components via the Threshold of 

Toxicological Concern (TTC) approach 

as outlined by the European Food Safety 

Authority (EFSA) in their 2019 guidance 

document on the use of TTC in food 

safety assessment. Information regarding 

the database of studies and chemicals 

used to derive TTCs are reviewed 

therein. The TTC approach has been 

used by the Joint Expert Committee on 


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Food Additives of the U.N.’s Food and 

Agriculture Organization and the World 

Health Organization, the former 

Scientific Committee on Food of the 

European Commission, the European 

Medicines Agency, and EFSA. 

Information from JECFA reports as 

well as predictive toxicology using the 

OECD QSAR Toolbox was used to 

confirm that the fragrances listed in 

Unit II have low carcinogenic potential 

and are thus good candidates for the 

application of the TTC method. 

Although 13 chemicals had 

carcinogenicity alerts, JECFA concluded 

and EPA concurs that all fragrances 

listed in unit II have low carcinogenic 

potential, based on in vitro and/or in 

vivo genotoxicity studies available. 

Therefore, the TTC method can be 

applied to these fragrances. 

TTCs are derived from a conservative 

and rigorous approach developed by 

Munro and Kroes to establish generic 

threshold values for human exposure at 

which a very low probability of adverse 

effects is likely. By comparing a range 

of compounds by Cramer Class (classes 

I, II, and III) and NOEL (no-observedeffect-level), fifth percentile NOELs 

were established for each Cramer Class 

as ‘‘Human Exposure Thresholds’’. 

These values were 3, 0.91 and 0.15 mg/ 

kg/day for classes I, II, and III, 

respectively. 

B. Toxicological Points of Departure/ 

Levels of Concern 

Once a pesticide’s toxicological 

profile is determined, EPA identifies 

toxicological points of departure (POD) 

and levels of concern to use in 

evaluating the risk posed by human 

exposure to the pesticide. For hazards 

that have a threshold below which there 

is no appreciable risk, the toxicological 

POD is used as the basis for derivation 

of reference values for risk assessment. 

PODs are developed based on a careful 

analysis of the doses in each 

toxicological study to determine the 

dose at which no adverse effects are 

observed (the NOAEL) and the lowest 

dose at which adverse effects of concern 

are identified (the LOAEL). Uncertainty/ 

safety factors are used in conjunction 

with the POD to calculate a safe 

exposure level—generally referred to as 

a population-adjusted dose (PAD) or a 

reference dose (RfD)—and a safe margin 

of exposure (MOE). For non-threshold 

risks, the Agency assumes that any 

amount of exposure will lead to some 

degree of risk. Thus, the Agency 

estimates risk in terms of the probability 

of an occurrence of the adverse effect 

expected in a lifetime. For more 

information on the general principles 

EPA uses in risk characterization and a 

complete description of the risk 

assessment process, see https://

www.epa.gov/pesticide-science-andassessing-pesticide-risks/overview-riskassessment-pesticide-program. 

The human exposure threshold value 

for threshold (i.e., non-cancer) risks is 

based upon Cramer structural class. In 

the case of the fragrance components 

listed above, all the substances included 

are in the Cramer Class I category, 

which is defined as chemicals of simple 

structure and efficient modes of 

metabolism, suggesting low oral 

toxicity. 

Therefore, the NOEL of 3 mg/kg/day 

is selected as the point of departure for 

all exposure scenarios assessed (chronic 

dietary, incidental oral, dermal and 

inhalation exposures). 

C. Exposure Assessment 

1. Dietary exposure from food and 

feed uses. Dietary exposure (food and 

drinking water) may occur from the 

existing (non-food) and proposed uses 

of fragrance components listed in unit II 

(e.g., eating foods treated with pesticide 

formulations containing these 

fragrances, and drinking water 

exposures). In evaluating dietary 

exposure to each of the fragrance 

components listed in Unit II, EPA 

considered exposure under the 

proposed tolerance exemptions at a 

concentration not to exceed 100 ppm for 

each of the fragrance components listed 

in Unit II. as well as any other sources 

of dietary exposure. EPA assessed 

dietary exposures from various 

fragrance components in food as 

follows: 

The dietary assessment for food 

contact sanitizer solutions calculated 

the Daily Dietary Dose (DDD) and the 

Estimated Daily Intake (EDI). The 

assessment considered: Application 

rates, residual solution or quantity of 

solution remaining on the treated 

surface without rinsing with potable 

water, surface area of the treated surface 

which comes into contact with food, 

pesticide migration fraction, and body 

weight. These assumptions are based on 

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 

guidelines. 

2. Dietary exposure from drinking 

water. For the purpose of the screening 

level dietary risk assessment to support 

this request for an exemption from the 

requirement of a tolerance for various 

fragrance components a conservative 

drinking water concentration value of 

100 ppb based on screening level 

modeling was used to assess the 

contribution to drinking water for the 

chronic dietary risk assessments for 

parent compound. These values were 

directly entered into the dietary 

exposure model. 

3. Residential exposure. The term 

‘‘residential exposure’’ is used in this 

document to refer to non-occupational, 

non-dietary exposure (e.g., textiles 

(clothing and diapers), carpets, 

swimming pools, and hard surface 

disinfection on walls, floors, tables). 

The fragrance components listed in Unit 

II may be used as inert ingredients in 

products that are registered for specific 

uses that may result in residential 

exposure, such as pesticides used in and 

around the home. The Agency 

conducted a conservative assessment of 

potential residential exposure by 

assessing various fragrance components 

in disinfectant-type uses (indoor 

scenarios). The Agency’s assessment of 

adult residential exposure combines 

high-end dermal and inhalation handler 

exposure from indoor hard surface, 

wiping and aerosol spray. The Agency’s 

assessment of children’s residential 

exposure includes total post-application 

exposures associated with total 

exposures associated with contact with 

treated indoor surfaces (dermal and 

hand-to-mouth exposures). 

4. Cumulative effects from substances 

with a common mechanism of toxicity. 

Section 408(b)(2)(D)(v) of FFDCA 

requires that, when considering whether 

to establish, modify, or revoke a 

tolerance, the Agency consider 

‘‘available information’’ concerning the 

cumulative effects of a particular 

pesticide’s residues and ‘‘other 

substances that have a common 

mechanism of toxicity.’’ 

EPA has not made a common 

mechanism of toxicity finding as to 

these fragrance chemicals listed in unit 

II and any other substances, and these 

fragrance chemicals do not appear to 

produce toxic metabolites produced by 

other substances. For the purposes of 

this tolerance action, therefore, EPA has 

not assumed that these fragrance 

chemicals listed in unit II have a 

common mechanism of toxicity with 

other substances. For information 

regarding EPA’s efforts to determine 

which chemicals have a common 

mechanism of toxicity and to evaluate 

the cumulative effects of such 

chemicals, see EPA’s website at https:// 

www.epa.gov/pesticides/cumulative. 

D. Safety Factor for Infants and 

Children 

FFDCA Section 408(b)(2)(C) provides 

that EPA shall retain an additional 

tenfold (10X) margin of safety for infants 

and children in the case of threshold 

effects to account for prenatal and 

postnatal toxicity and the completeness 

of the database on toxicity and exposure 


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unless EPA determines based on reliable 

data that a different margin of safety 

will be safe for infants and children. 

This additional margin of safety is 

commonly referred to as the FQPA 

safety factor (SF). In applying this 

provision, EPA either retains the default 

value of 10X, or uses a different 

additional safety factor when reliable 

data available to EPA support the choice 

of a different factor. The FQPA SF has 

been reduced to 1X in this risk 

assessment because clear NOELs and 

LOELs were established in the studies 

analyzed by Munro et al 1996 (which 

included developmental and 

reproductive toxicity studies), maternal 

and developmental-specific 5th 

percentile NOAELs calculated by van 

Ravenzwaay et al 2011 indicate low 

potential for offspring susceptibility, 

and the conservative assumptions made 

in the exposure assessment are unlikely 

to underestimate risk. 

E. Aggregate Risks and Determination of 

Safety 

EPA determines whether acute and 

chronic dietary pesticide exposures are 

safe by comparing aggregate exposure 

estimates to the acute PAD (aPAD) and 

chronic PAD (cPAD). For linear cancer 

risks, EPA calculates the lifetime 

probability of acquiring cancer given the 

estimated aggregate exposure. Short-, 

intermediate-, and chronic-term risks 

are evaluated by comparing the 

estimated aggregate food, water, and 

residential exposure to the appropriate 

PODs to ensure that an adequate MOE 

exists. 

1. Acute aggregate risk. An acute 

aggregate risk assessment takes into 

account acute exposure estimates from 

dietary consumption of food and 

drinking water. No adverse effects 

resulting from a single oral exposure 

were identified and no acute dietary 

endpoint were selected for any of the 

fragrance components. Therefore, the 

fragrance components listed in Unit II 

are not expected to pose an acute risk. 

2. Short-term aggregate risk. Shortterm aggregate exposure takes into 

account short-term residential exposure 

plus chronic exposure to food and water 

(considered to be a background 

exposure level). For residential handler 

short-term exposure scenarios, MOEs 

ranged from 140 to 2,500, while 

residential post-application exposure 

scenarios MOEs ranged from 380 to 

7,400. These MOEs are greater than the 

LOC of 100 and therefore are not of 

concern. The short-term aggregate MOE 

is 109 for adults and 135 for children, 

which are greater than the LOC of 100 

and therefore are not of concern. 

3. Intermediate-term risk. 

Intermediate-term aggregate exposure 

takes into account intermediate-term 

residential exposure plus chronic 

exposure to food and water (considered 

to be a background exposure level). An 

intermediate-term adverse effect was 

identified; however, the fragrance 

components listed in Unit II are not 

currently used as an inert ingredient in 

pesticide products that are registered for 

any use patterns that would result in 

intermediate-term residential exposure. 

Intermediate-term risk is assessed based 

on intermediate-term residential 

exposure plus chronic dietary exposure. 

Because there is no intermediate-term 

residential exposure and chronic dietary 

exposure has already been assessed 

under the appropriately protective 

cPAD (which is at least as protective as 

the POD used to assess intermediateterm risk), no further assessment of 

intermediate-term risk is necessary, and 

EPA relies on the chronic dietary risk 

assessment for evaluating intermediateterm risk for various fragrance 

components. 

4. Chronic aggregate risk. Using the 

exposure assumptions described in this 

unit for chronic exposure, EPA has 

concluded that chronic exposure to the 

fragrance components listed in Unit II 

from food and water will utilize 19% of 

the chronic PAD (cPAD) for the U.S. 

population and 48% of the cPAD for 

children 1 to 2 years old, the population 

group receiving the greatest exposure. 

Chronic residential exposure to residues 

of benoxacor is not expected. Therefore, 

the chronic aggregate risk is equal to the 

chronic dietary exposure for children 1 

to 2 years old (48% of the PAD). 

5. Aggregate cancer risk for U.S. 

population. There is low concern for 

genotoxicity/carcinogenicity in humans 

for the fragrance components listed in 

Unit II of this document. Therefore, the 

assessment under the TTC value for 

non-cancer risks is protective for all 

risks, including carcinogenicity. 

6. Determination of safety. Based on 

these risk assessments, EPA concludes 

that there is a reasonable certainty that 

no harm will result to the general 

population, or to infants and children 

from aggregate exposure to residues of 

the fragrance components listed in Unit 

II. 

V. Other Considerations 

A. Analytical Enforcement Methodology 

An analytical method is not required 

for enforcement purposes since the 

Agency is not establishing a numerical 

tolerance for fragrances listed in unit II 

of this document in or on any food 

commodities. EPA is establishing a 

limitation on the amount of the 

fragrances listed in unit II that may be 

used in antimicrobial pesticide 

formulations. This limitations will be 

enforced through the pesticide 

registration process under the Federal 

Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide 

Act (‘‘FIFRA’’), 7 U.S.C. 136 et seq. EPA 

will not register any pesticide 

formulation for food use that exceeds 

100ppm of fragrances listed in unit II in 

the final pesticide formulation. 

B. International Residue Limits 

In making its tolerance decisions, EPA 

seeks to harmonize U.S. tolerances with 

international standards whenever 

possible, consistent with U.S. food 

safety standards and agricultural 

practices. EPA considers the 

international maximum residue limits 

(MRLs) established by the Codex 

Alimentarius Commission (Codex), as 

required by FFDCA section 408(b)(4). 

The Codex Alimentarius is a joint 

United Nation Food and Agriculture 

Organization/World Health 

Organization food standards program, 

and it is recognized as an international 

food safety standards-setting 

organization in trade agreements to 

which the United States is a party. EPA 

may establish a tolerance that is 

different from a Codex MRL; however, 

FFDCA section 408(b)(4) requires that 

EPA explain the reasons for departing 

from the Codex level. 

The Codex has not established a MRL 

for the fragrance components listed in 

Unit II. 

VI. Conclusions 

Therefore, an exemption from the 

requirement of a tolerance is established 

under 40 CFR 180.940(a) for 

acetaldehyde ethyl cis- 3-hexenyl acetal 

(CAS Reg. No. 28069–74–1), (tri-)acetin 

(CAS Reg. No. 102–76–1), acetophenone 

(CAS Reg. No. 98–86–2), allyl alphaionone (CAS Reg. No. 79–78–7), 

benzaldehyde (CAS Reg. No. 100–52–7), 

benzyl alcohol (CAS Reg. No. 100–51– 

6), benzyl butyrate (CAS Reg. No. 103– 

37–7), benzyl isobutyrate (CAS Reg. No. 

103–28–6), benzyl propionate (CAS Reg. 

No. 122–63–4), carvacrol (CAS Reg. No. 

499–75–2), cinnamic aldehyde 

(cinnamaldehyde) (CAS Reg. No. 104– 

55–2), cinnamic alcohol (cinnamyl 

alcohol) (CAS Reg. No. 104–54–1), 

cuminaldehyde (CAS Reg. No. 122–03– 

2), diethyl malonate (CAS Reg. No. 105– 

53–3), 1,1-diethoxy-3,7- dimethylocta2,6-diene (CAS Reg. No. 7492–66–2), 

dihydro-beta-ionone (CAS Reg. No. 

17283–81–7), dihydrocarvyl acetate 

(CAS Reg. No. 20777–49–5), butanoic 

acid, 3-oxo-, ethyl ester (ethyl 

acetoacetate) (CAS Reg. No. 141–97–9), 


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43424 Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 139 / Thursday, July 21, 2022 / Rules and Regulations 

benzoic acid, ethyl ester (ethyl 

benzoate) (CAS Reg. No. 93–89–0), 

ethylene brassylate (CAS Reg. No. 105– 

95–3), ethyl salicylate (CAS Reg. No. 

118–61–6), propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 4- 

formyl-2-methoxyphenyl ester (4-formyl-2- methoxyphenyl 2- 

methylpropanoate; vanillin isobutyrate) 

(CAS Reg. No. 20665–85–4), 

hydroxycitronellal (CAS Reg. No. 107– 

75–5), hydroxycitronellol (CAS Reg. No. 

107–74–4), 4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2- 

butanone (CAS Reg. No. 5471–51–2), 

benzaldehyde, 4-methoxy- (pmethoxybenzaldehyde) (CAS Reg. No. 

123–11–5), 2-methoxy-4- propylphenol 

(CAS Reg. No. 2785–87–7), 4′- 

methylacetophenone (CAS Reg. No. 

122–00–9), benzenemethanol, alphamethyl-, 1-acetate (alpha-methylbenzyl 

acetate) (CAS Reg. No. 93–92–5), alphamethylbenzyl alcohol (CAS Reg. No. 98– 

85–1), methyl benzoate (CAS Reg. No. 

93–58–3), alphamethylcinnamaldehyde (CAS Reg. No. 

101–39–3), methyl cinnamate (CAS Reg. 

No. 103–26–4), 2-hepten-4-one, 5- 

methyl- (5-methyl-2-hepten-4- one) 

(CAS Reg. No. 81925–81–7), 3-buten-2- 

one, 3-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2- 

cyclohexen-1-yl)- (alpha-isomethylionone) (CAS Reg. No. 127–51– 

5), methyl salicylate (CAS Reg. No. 119– 

36–8), 6-nonenal, (6Z)- (cis-6-nonenal) 

(CAS Reg. No. 2277–19–2), cis-6-nonen1-ol (CAS Reg. No. 35854–86–5), octanal 

dimethyl acetal (CAS Reg. No. 10022– 

28–3), phenethyl acetate (CAS Reg. No. 

103–45–7), phenyl ethyl alcohol 

(phenethyl alcohol) (CAS Reg. No. 60– 

12–8), phenethyl isobutyrate (CAS Reg. 

No. 103–48–0), phenethyl phenylacetate 

(CAS Reg. No. 102–20–5), 

phenylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal 

(CAS Reg. No. 101–48–4), 3-phenyl-1- 

propanol (CAS Reg. No. 122–97–4), 2- 

buten-1-one, 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1,3- 

cyclohexadien-1-yl)- (1-(2,6,6- 

trimethylcyclohexa-1,3- dienyl)-2-buten1-one (CAS Reg. No. 23696–85–7), delta1-(2,6,6-trimethyl- 3-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2- 

buten-1-one (CAS Reg. No. 57378–68– 

4), triethyl citrate (CAS Reg. No. 77–93– 

0), thiogeraniol (CAS Reg. No. 39067– 

80–6), thymol (8CA) (thymol) (CAS Reg. 

No. 89–83–8), vanillin (CAS Reg. No. 

121–33–5), veratraldehyde (CAS Reg. 

No. 120–14–9) when used as an inert 

ingredient (fragrance components) in 

pesticide formulations applied to food 

contact surfaces in public eating places, 

dairy processing equipment, and food 

processing equipment and utensils with 

end-use concentration not to exceed 100 

ppm. 

VII. Statutory and Executive Order 

Reviews 

This action establishes a tolerance 

under FFDCA section 408(d) in 

response to a petition submitted to the 

Agency. The Office of Management and 

Budget (OMB) has exempted these types 

of actions from review under Executive 

Order 12866, entitled ‘‘Regulatory 

Planning and Review’’ (58 FR 51735, 

October 4, 1993). Because this action 

has been exempted from review under 

Executive Order 12866, this action is 

not subject to Executive Order 13211, 

entitled ‘‘Actions Concerning 

Regulations That Significantly Affect 

Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use’’ (66 

FR 28355, May 22, 2001) or Executive 

Order 13045, entitled ‘‘Protection of 

Children from Environmental Health 

Risks and Safety Risks’’ (62 FR 19885, 

April 23, 1997). This action does not 

contain any information collections 

subject to OMB approval under the 

Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA) (44 

U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), nor does it require 

any special considerations under 

Executive Order 12898, entitled 

‘‘Federal Actions to Address 

Environmental Justice in Minority 

Populations and Low-Income 

Populations’’ (59 FR 7629, February 16, 

1994). 

Since tolerances and exemptions that 

are established on the basis of a petition 

under FFDCA section 408(d), such as 

the tolerance in this final rule, do not 

require the issuance of a proposed rule, 

the requirements of the Regulatory 

Flexibility Act (RFA) (5 U.S.C. 601 et 

seq.), do not apply. 

This action directly regulates growers, 

food processors, food handlers, and food 

retailers, not States or Tribes, nor does 

this action alter the relationships or 

distribution of power and 

responsibilities established by Congress 

in the preemption provisions of FFDCA 

section 408(n)(4). As such, the Agency 

has determined that this action will not 

have a substantial direct effect on States 

or Tribal Governments, on the 

relationship between the National 

Government and the States or Tribal 

Governments, or on the distribution of 

power and responsibilities among the 

various levels of government or between 

the Federal Government and Indian 

Tribes. Thus, the Agency has 

determined that Executive Order 13132, 

entitled ‘‘Federalism’’ (64 FR 43255, 

August 10, 1999) and Executive Order 

13175, entitled ‘‘Consultation and 

Coordination with Indian Tribal 

Governments’’ (65 FR 67249, November 

9, 2000) do not apply to this action. In 

addition, this action does not impose 

any enforceable duty or contain any 

unfunded mandate as described under 

Title II of the Unfunded Mandates 

Reform Act (UMRA) (2 U.S.C. 1501 et 

seq.). 

This action does not involve any 

technical standards that would require 

Agency consideration of voluntary 

consensus standards pursuant to section 

12(d) of the National Technology 

Transfer and Advancement Act 

(NTTAA) (15 U.S.C. 272 note). 

VIII. Congressional Review Act 

Pursuant to the Congressional Review 

Act (5 U.S.C. 801 et seq.), EPA will 

submit a report containing this rule and 

other required information to the U.S. 

Senate, the U.S. House of 

Representatives, and the Comptroller 

General of the United States prior to 

publication of the rule in the Federal 

Register. This action is not a ‘‘major 

rule’’ as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2). 

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 180 

Environmental protection, 

Administrative practice and procedure, 

Agricultural commodities, Pesticides 

and pests, Reporting and recordkeeping 

requirements. 

Dated: July 8, 2022. 

Marietta Echeverria, 

Acting Director, Registration Division, Office 

of Pesticide Programs. 

Therefore, for the reasons stated in the 

preamble, EPA is amending 40 CFR 

chapter I as follows: 

PART 180—TOLERANCES AND 

EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE 

CHEMICALS RESIDUES IN FOOD 

■ 1. The authority citation for part 180 

continues to read as follows: 

Authority: 21 U.S.C. 321(q), 346a and 371. 

■ 2. Section 180.940 is amended by 

adding in alphabetical order the 

following inert ingredients to table 1 to 

paragraph (a): 

■ a. acetaldehyde ethyl cis-3-hexenyl 

acetal 

■ b. Acetophenone 

■ c. allyl alpha-ionone 

■ d. Benzaldehyde 

■ e. benzyl alcohol 

■ f. benzyl butyrate 

■ g. benzyl isobutyrate 

■ h. benzaldehyde, 4-methoxy- 

■ i. benzenemethanol, alpha-methyl-, 1- 

acetate 

■ j. benzoic acid, ethyl ester 

■ k. butanoic acid, 3-oxo-, ethyl ester 

■ l. 2-buten-1-one, 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl1,3-cyclohexadien-1-yl)- 

■ m. 3-buten-2-one, 3-methyl-4-(2,6,6- 

trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)- 

■ n. Carvacrol 

■ o. cinnamic aldehyde 


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Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 139 / Thursday, July 21, 2022 / Rules and Regulations 43425 

■ p. cinnamic alcohol 

■ q. Cuminaldehyde 

■ r. diethyl malonate 

■ s. 1,1-diethoxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6- 

diene 

■ t. dihydro-beta-ionone 

■ u. dihydrocarvyl acetate 

■ v. ethylene brassylate 

■ w. ethyl salicylate 

■ x. glyceryl triacetate 

■ y. 2-hepten-4-one, 5-methyl- 

■ z. Hydroxycitronellal 

■ aa. Hydroxycitronellol 

■ bb. 4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone 

■ cc. 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol 

■ dd. methyl benzoate 

■ ee. 4′-methylacetophenone 

■ ff. alpha-methylbenzyl alcohol 

■ gg. alpha-methylcinnamaldehyde 

■ hh. methyl cinnamate 

■ ii. methyl salicylate 

■ jj. 6-nonenal, (6Z)- 

■ kk. cis-6-nonen-1-ol 

■ ll. octanal dimethyl acetal 

■ mm. phenethyl acetate 

■ nn. phenyl ethyl alcohol 

■ oo. phenethyl isobutyrate 

■ pp. phenethyl phenylacetate 

■ qq. phenylacetaldehyde dimethyl 

acetal 

■ rr. 3-phenyl-1-propanol 

■ ss. propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 4- 

formyl-2-methoxyphenyl ester 

■ tt. triethyl citrate 

■ uu. delta-1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-3- 

cyclohexen-1-yl)-2-buten-1- 

■ vv. Thiogeraniol 

■ ww. thymol (8CA) 

■ xx. Vanillin 

■ yy. veratraldehyde 

The additions read as follows: 

§ 180.940 Tolerance exemptions for active 

and inert ingredients for use in 

antimicrobial formulations (Food-contact 

surface sanitizing solutions). 

* * * * * 

(a) * * * 

TABLE 1 TO PARAGRAPH (a) 

Pesticide chemical CAS Reg. No. Limits 

*******

acetaldehyde ethyl cis-3-hexenyl acetal ... 28069–74–1 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

Acetophenone ........................................... 98–86–2 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

allyl alpha-ionone ...................................... 79–78–7 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

Benzaldehyde ............................................ 100–52–7 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

benzyl alcohol ........................................... 100–51–6 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

benzyl butyrate .......................................... 103–37–7 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

benzyl isobutyrate ..................................... 103–28–6 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

benzyl propionate ...................................... 122–63–4 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

benzaldehyde, 4-methoxy- ........................ 123–11–5 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

* * * * * * * 

benzenemethanol, alpha-methyl-, 1-acetate.93–92–5 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

* * * * * * * 

benzoic acid, ethyl ester ........................... 93–89–0 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

* * * * * * * 

butanoic acid, 3-oxo-, ethyl ester .............. 141–97–9 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

* * * * * * * 

2-buten-1-one, 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1,3- 

cyclohexadien-1-yl)-.

23696–85–7 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

* * * * * * * 

3-buten-2-one, 3-methyl-4-(2,6,6- 

trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-.

127–51–5 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

* * * * * * * 

Carvacrol ................................................... 499–75–2 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

cinnamic aldehyde .................................... 104–55–2 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

cinnamic alcohol ........................................ 104–54–1 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 


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TABLE 1 TO PARAGRAPH (a)—Continued 

Pesticide chemical CAS Reg. No. Limits 

*******

Cuminaldehyde ......................................... 122–03–2 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

diethyl malonate ........................................ 105–53–3 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

1,1-diethoxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-diene ... 7492–66–2 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

dihydro-beta-ionone .................................. 17283–81–7 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

dihydrocarvyl acetate ................................ 20777–49–5 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

ethylene brassylate ................................... 105–95–3 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

ethyl salicylate ........................................... 118–61–6 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

glyceryl triacetate ...................................... 102–76–1 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

2-hepten-4-one, 5-methyl- ......................... 81925–81–7 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

Hydroxycitronellal ...................................... 107–75–5 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

Hydroxycitronellol ...................................... 107–74–4 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone ............... 5471–51–2 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

2-methoxy-4-propylphenol ......................... 2785–87–7 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

methyl benzoate ........................................ 93–58–3 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

4′-methylacetophenone ............................. 122–00–9 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

alpha-methylbenzyl alcohol ....................... 98–85–1 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

alpha-methylcinnamaldehyde .................... 101–39–3 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

methyl cinnamate ...................................... 103–26–4 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

methyl salicylate ........................................ 119–36–8 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

6-nonenal, (6Z)- ........................................ 2277–19–2 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

cis-6-nonen-1-ol ........................................ 35854–86–5 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

octanal dimethyl acetal ............................. 10022–28–3 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

phenethyl acetate ...................................... 103–45–7 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

phenyl ethyl alcohol .................................. 60–12–8 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 


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TABLE 1 TO PARAGRAPH (a)—Continued 

Pesticide chemical CAS Reg. No. Limits 

*******

phenethyl isobutyrate ................................ 103–48–0 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

phenethyl phenylacetate ........................... 102–20–5 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

* * * * * * * 

phenylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal ......... 101–48–4 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

* * * * * * * 

3-phenyl-1-propanol .................................. 122–97–4 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

* * * * * * * 

propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 4-formyl-2- 

methoxyphenyl ester.

20665–85–4 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

* * * * * * * 

triethyl citrate ............................................. 77–93–0 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

delta-1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)- 

2-buten-1-one.

57378–68–4 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

Thiogeraniol ............................................... 39067–80–6 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

thymol (8CA) ............................................. 89–83–8 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

Vanillin ....................................................... 121–33–5 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

veratraldehyde ........................................... 120–14–9 When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 100 ppm. 

*******

[FR Doc. 2022–15017 Filed 7–20–22; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 6560–50–P 

COMMITTEE FOR PURCHASE FROM 

PEOPLE WHO ARE BLIND OR 

SEVERELY DISABLED 

41 CFR Part 51–4 

RIN 3037–AA16 

Prohibition on the Payment of 

Subminimum Wages Under 14(c) 

Certificates as a Qualification for 

Participation as a Nonprofit Agency 

Under the Javits Wagner O’Day Act 

AGENCY: Committee for Purchase From 

People Who Are Blind or Severely 

Disabled. 

ACTION: Final rule. 

SUMMARY: The Committee for Purchase 

From People Who Are Blind or Severely 

Disabled, operating as the U.S. 

AbilityOne Commission 

(‘‘Commission’’), is publishing a final 

rule implementing a new requirement 

that a nonprofit agency (NPA) seeking 

both initial and continuing qualification 

under the Javits Wagner O’Day Act 

(JWOD Act) to participate in the 

AbilityOne Program must certify that it 

will not use certificates authorized 

under section 14(c) of the Fair Labor 

Standards Act of 1938 (‘‘14(c) 

certificates’’) to pay employees on its 

AbilityOne contracts. Pursuant to the 

rule, individuals with significant 

disabilities and those who are blind 

employed by participating NPAs, and 

working on AbilityOne contracts, will 

earn at least the Federal minimum wage, 

the applicable local or state minimum 

wage if higher than the Federal 

minimum wage, or the applicable 

prevailing wage for contracts subject to 

the McNamara-O’Hara Service Contract 

Act, whichever is highest. 

DATES: This final rule is effective 

October 19, 2022. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 

Shelly Hammond, Director of 

Contracting and Policy, by telephone 

(571) 457–9468 or by email at 

shammond@abiltyone.gov. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

I. Background 

A. The JWOD Act and Implementing 

Regulations 

The JWOD Act leverages the 

purchasing power of the Federal 

Government to create employment 

opportunities through the AbilityOne 

Program for individuals who are blind 

or have significant disabilities. The 

Program is administered by the 15- 

member, presidentially appointed 

Commission that, as an independent 

Federal agency, maintains a 

Procurement List of products and 

services that Federal agencies must 

purchase from participating NPAs who 

employ individuals who are blind or 

have significant disabilities. See 41 

U.S.C. 8503 and 8504. Central nonprofit 

agencies (CNAs) are responsible for 

distributing orders to Commissionapproved NPAs to provide products and 

services to Federal agencies. See CFR 

51–2.4(a)(3) & 51–3.4. NPAs must meet 

initial qualification requirements and 

maintain those qualifications 

throughout their participation in the 


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