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NON - PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA v. : : JOHN JUNIOR TAYLOR , : : Appellant : No. 749 MDA 2016 Appeal from the PCRA Order April 6, 2016 in the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County, Criminal Division, No(s): CP
- 22
- CR
- 0000444
- 2006 BEFORE: G ANTMAN, P.J., DUBOW and MUSMANNO, JJ. MEMORANDUM BY MUSMANNO, J. : FILED MAY 10, 2017 John Junior Taylor (“Taylor”) appeals from the Order dismissing his Petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”). 1 

### We affirm. In its Opinion, the PCRA court set forth the relevant factual and procedural background of this case, which we adopt for the purpose of this appeal. See PCRA Court Opinion, 4/6/16, at 1
- 3. 2 

### Following the second hearing, the PCRA court dismissed Taylor’s Petition on April 6, 2016. Taylor thereafter filed a timely Notice of Appeal and a court
- ordered Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) Concise Statement of matters complained of on appeal.

1 

### See 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541
- 9546.

2 

### The Pennsylvania Supreme Court denied Taylor’s Petition for allowance of appeal on November 2, 2011. See Commonwealth v. Taylor , 32 A.3d 1278 (Pa. 2011).

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- 2
-

On appeal, Taylor raises the following issues for our review: 1. Whether [Taylor] was denied his constitutionally guaranteed right to the effective assistance of counsel when his trial counsel continued to represent him[,] even though [trial counsel] was burdened by an actual conflict of interest[,] as he simul taneously[,] or nearly simultaneously[,] represented the snitch against him? 2. Whether trial counsel could resolve or cure the conflict ten days before trial by simply ending his representation of [the] Commonwealth’s main witness[, who was trial counsel’s] current client? Brief for Appellant at 4.

We review an order dismissing a petition under the PCRA in the light most favorable to the prevailing party at the PCRA level. This review is limited to the findings of the PCRA court and the evidence of record
. We will not disturb a PCRA court’s ruling if it is supported by evidence of record and is free of legal error. This Court may affirm a PCRA court’s decision on any grounds if the record supports it. We grant great deference to the factual findings of the PCRA court and will not disturb those findings unless they have no support in the record. However, we afford no such deference to its legal conclusions. Further, where the petitioner raises questions of law, our standard of review is de novo and our scope of review is plenary. Commonwealth v. Ford , 44 A.3d 1190, 1194 (Pa. Super. 2012) (citations omitted). As Taylor’s issues are related, we will address them together. In his first issue, Taylor contends that he was denied effective assistance because his trial counsel, Arthur Gutkin, Esquire (“Attorney Gutkin”), also represented a key prosecution witness, T homas Taylor (“Thomas”), for approximately three months prior to Taylor’s trial. Brief for Appellant at 24
- 25. Taylor asserts that Attorney Gutkin failed to conduct a rigorous cross
-

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- 3
-

examination of Thomas at trial, and stopped his questioning of Thomas in order to protect confidential information that Attorney Gutkin had obtained during his representation of Thomas. Id . at 25
- 27. Tayler claims that, even though Attorney Gutkin’s representation of Thomas ended ten days prior to Taylor’s trial, an actual c onflict of interest existed, as Attorney Gutkin had an ongoing duty to protect Thomas’s rights. Id . at 27
- 28. Taylor argues that, because an actual conflict of interest existed, this court must presume that he was prejudiced. Id . at 29. In his second issue, Taylor contends that Attorney Gutkin was actively representing Thomas while Thomas was seeking leniency from the district attorney’s office on pending revocation proceedings, 3 

### by testifying that Taylor had made a jailhouse confession to Thomas rega rding the murder charges pending against Taylor. Id . at 30
- 31. Taylor asserts that Attorney Gutkin had confidential information that he could have used to discredit Thomas on cross
- examination, but chose not to use it in order to protect his law license. Id . at 35. Taylor claims that he did not waive the conflict of interest, and was unaware of the letters that Thomas had sent to the district attorney’s office, the statement made by Thomas regarding Taylor’s confession, the federal charges pending again st Thomas, or the full extent of the relationship between Attorney Gutkin and Thomas “that had lasted decades.” Id . at 36.

3 

### The record is unclear as to whether Thomas’s revocation proceedings involved parole or probation vi olations.

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- 4
-

In its well
- reasoned Opinion, the PCRA court addressed Taylor’s issues, set forth the relevant law, and determined that Taylor fa iled to establish that Attorney Gutkin’s assistance had been ineffective. See PCRA Court Opinion, 4/6/16, at 3
- 11. As stated by the PCRA court, [a]lthough we are familiar with the fact that Attorney Gutkin had represented [Thomas] during his federal di fficulties, and in matters preceding that, we are unaware of any circumstance(s) that affected the cross
- examination at trial. Our careful and critical review of the record leads us to the conclusion that the cross - examination was extensive and thorough. The attacks were pointed and in no way appeared to be mamby
- pamby. Id . at 7. Additionally, the PCRA court determined that, although an actual conflict of interest had existed during the critical stages of Attorney Gutkin’s representation of Taylor, the conflict had been resolved, without any prejudice to Taylor’s case. See id . at 11. Viewing the findings of the PCRA court and the evidence of record in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, as the prevailing party at the PCRA level, we are co nstrained to affirm the PCRA court’s determination that Taylor failed to meet his burden of establishing ineffective assistance by Attorney Gutkin. Taylor claims that Attorney Gutkin had confidential information that he could have used to discredit Thomas on cross examination, and that Attorney Gutkin chose not to use such information in order to protect his law license. However, Taylor failed to identify any such confidential information. Although the PCRA court conducted two

### J
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- 5
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evidentiary hearings, Taylo r failed to call Attorney Gutkin as a witness at either hearing. Thus, there is no evidence of record that Attorney Gutkin did, in fact, have further information that could have been used to discredit Thomas. Moreover, based on our independent review o f the record, we are compelled to agree with the PCRA court that Attorney Gutkin’s cross
examination of Thomas was both vigorous and zealous. Attorney Gutkin sought to diminish Thomas’s credibility by questioning him regarding his prior convictions for cr imes of dishonesty. See N.T. (Vol. 1), 5/24/07, at 23
- 24 (wherein Attorney Gutkin asked Thomas whether he realized that each of the eight or more crimes for which he had been convicted “is a crime which bears upon your ability to tell the truth.”). Attor ney Gutkin further sought to diminish Thomas’s credibility by questioning him regarding his pattern of gaining the confidences of other inmates, finding out about their cases, and then providing false information about the inmates to law enforcement author ities in order to get charges against Thomas dismissed. See id . at 25
- 26 (wherein Attorney Gutkin repeatedly questioned Thomas about his practice of making up false stories about other inmates for the purpose of getting charges against himself dismissed). Additionally, Attorney Gutkin sought to diminish Thomas’s credibility by questioning him regarding his false representations to other inmates that he was a licensed paralegal working for various attorneys, including Attorney Gutkin. See id
.

### J
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- 6
-

at 51
- 52. After Thomas denied that he had made any such representations, Attorney Gutkin called several rebuttal witnesses to impeach Thomas on this issue. See id . (Vol. 4) at 74
- 75 (wherein fellow inmate Paris King (“King”) testified that Thomas had held himself out as a licensed paralegal working for Attorney Gutkin, and that Thomas had helped King prepare a brief for his case in exchange for items from the prison commissary); id . at 76
- 77 (wherein fellow inmate David Welker (“Welker”) testified that Thom as had told him that he was a paralegal, Welker had witnessed Thomas performing legal work for other inmates, and that Thomas had offered to perform legal work for Welker); id . at 78
- 79 (wherein fellow inmate Larry Roberts (“Roberts”) testified that Thomas told Roberts that he was a paralegal and that he had performed paralegal work for his sister’s law firm, Roberts had witnessed Thomas performing legal work for other inmates, including Taylor, and that Roberts had seen Thomas with discovery from Taylor’s case). Finally, Attorney Gutkin questioned Thomas regarding his assertions, in one of the letters he sent to the district attorney’s office, that Thomas could have Attorney Gutkin removed from Taylor’s case. See id . at 32
- 34 (wherein Thomas conceded that , in the letter, he had represented that he was going to try to have Attorney Gutkin “eliminated” from Taylor’s case because of the problem it presented for Thomas’s testimony). As noted by the PCRA court, in order t o prevail on a claim of ineffective a ssistance of counsel, a PCRA petitioner must demonstrate (1)

### J
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- 7
-

that the underlying claim has arguable merit; (2) that no reasonable basis existed for counsel’s actions or failure to act; and (3) that the petitioner suffered prejudice as a result of counsel’s error. See Commonwealth v. Johnson , 139 A.3d 1257, 1272 (Pa. 2016). Here, Taylor failed to show how Attorney Gutkin’s chosen strategy for cross
- examining Thomas lacked a reasonable basis, or prove that an alternative strategy offered a potential for
suc cess substantially greater than the course actually pursued by Attorney Gutkin. See id . Further, Taylor failed to demonstrate that there is a reasonable probability that the outcome of his trial would have been different but for Attorney Gutkin’s action or inaction. See id
. Thus, based on the record before us, Taylor failed to establish that no reasonable basis existed for Attorney Gutkin’s cross - examination of Thomas, or that Attorney Gutkin’s cross
- examination of Thomas caused any prejudice to Taylor’ s case. Additionally, based on our independent review of the record, we are compelled to agree with the PCRA court’s determination that, by the time of Taylor’s trial, any potential conflict of interest had been resolved because Attorney Gutkin had with drawn from his representation in the unrelated federal court action pending against Thomas. Because the PCRA court’s determinations are supported by the evidence of record and are free of legal error, we affirm its Order dismissing Taylor’s Petition. Ord er affirmed.

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- 8
-

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary Date: 5/10/2017C) /- ·· , -, 1 ~: - :. : ·c, · - - :~)\ -T · r··· ~ c ·)

. : :~· . : ~ --.

.... ~~, { "') r .. •:-) rv r '; , { "'} ( ~ : . ( . ~ .

1 I No rel ation to D efe ndant. repres e nting Thomas T aylor. At th is point in tim e, Attorney Gutkin h a d already had his appearance enter e d in F e d e ral Court Interestin g ly, the week before, Thomas Taylor had given a formal statement a gainst De fe ndant. 2 007, Arthur Gutkin entered his appearance on behalf of Defendant. [N.T., 2 -26-14, p . 20]. representing himself in his criminal matters, as his attorney
. Defendant did so. On January 30 , Th o mas convinced Defendant that he should hire A rthur Gutkin , Esq
. , the attorney who was into contact with one Thomas Taylor, 1 a fell o w inmate. Throu g h conversations between the tw o, February, 2006

. T hereafter, while housed at Dauphin County Prison (DCP), Def e ndant cam e Defendant was arrested on December 8, 2005 and his preliminary hearing was held in entering his car. [N.T., 5-21-07, pp. 16-18]. had been hiding in an all e y, waiting for Baldwin to emerge. Defendant shot Baldwin as he was pp. 8-10]. The evidence at trial revealed that there was a drug dispute/l ' ripoff" and Defendant was discovered lying outside of his vehicle with a gunshot wound to his head. [N.T., 5- 2 1-07 , the late hours of the night in question. Upon arriving on the scene , the victim, Antoine Baldwin , section of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Police officers responded to reports of shots being fired in This case arises out of the events that took place on September 8, 2005 in the Allison Hill -! -. ~- MEMORANDUM OPINION · - ( : :

· --.:,- .... 

# f2 Z ~ f ?-: o J ~ , (: : ) 

## , .. JOHN JUNIOR TAYLOR ~ 0::. .:ti,. -0 ;o I O'\ "'t., :Jl; 1>:> C) -..../ NO. 2006-CR-444 vs. IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS DAUPHIN COUNTY, P E NNSYLVANIA COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA Circulated 03/02/2017 03:03 PM2 Three letters were sent to the District Attorney's Office (dated 1-4-07, officially stamped received by the District Attorney's Office 2-4-07; dated 1-8-07, stamped received 1-8-07; dated 2-25-07, no stamp, but was stipulated as received by the District Attorney's Office). Attorney Gutkin filed a motion to withdraw as counsel for Thomas Taylor on May I 0, 2007. The motion was granted on May 14, 2007. On May 21, 2007, jury selection commenced in the case herein. On May 25, 2007, Defendant was convicted of first-degree murder, and was sentenced to life imprisonment on June 20, 2007. A timely motion for a new trial based upon trial issues and after-discovered evidence was denied on November 9, 2007. Defendant filed his notice of appeal on November 19, 2007. On December 14, 2009, the Superior Court found no error and affirmed Defendant's judgment of sentence. Defendant filed a motion for post

- conviction relief on November 6, 2012

. Initially, on November 16, 2012, Christopher Wilson, Esq., was appointed to represent Defendant. Attorney Wilson asked to withdraw on April 8, 2013. On May 16, 2013, this Court granted Attorney Wilson's request to withdraw and, in the same order appointed The McShane Firm to represent Defendant. Thereafter, an amended petition for post-conviction relief was filed and hearings were held on November 6, 2013 and February 26, 2014. Following administrative actions between defense counsel and then-President Judge Hoover, additional pleadings followed and this opinion and order therefrom. The issue before the Court is to determine if a conflict of interest existed that affected or could have affected the unfettered right to counsel afforded to Defendant. We note, before we begin our analysis, that neither party called Attorney Arthur Gutkin to testify in order to either substantiate or refute any factual claims by Defendant. Further, Attorney Gutkin was unable to respond to the nature and degree of his own examination of the552 A

. 2d at 1059.

S ee , Buehl, supra , 510 P a . at 379 , 508 A.2d at 1175; Smith, su pra , 380 Pa. Sup e r. at 6 2 9-630, will be presum e d wh e re couns e l is shown to have b e en burdened by an actual conflict of int e rest. in e ffective assistance of counsel is b a sed upon an all e ged confli c t of interest, however, pr e judice in s ufficient to impu g n a criminal conviction." Cuyler, supra, at 350. Whe n the cl ai m o f 331, 518 A. 2d 1258, 1261 (1986). The showing of a mere possibility of a conflict of interest " is Smith. 3 80 Pa. Super

. 619 , 552 A. 2d 1053 ( 1988); In Inte re s t of Saladi n, 3 59 Pa
. Sup e r. 326 , supra , quoting Cuyler v . Sullivan, 446 U.S. 335, 348, 350 (1980). See als o Comm o nwe a lth v. and 'that an actual conflict of i nt e rest adversely affected his laywer's p e rformance."' Buehl, necessary for a defendant to "demonstrate that counsel 'actively represented conflictin g interests ' In matters of conflict of interests claims, the prongs are som e what different. 

### It is v. Bu e hl, 510Pa. 363, 378-79, 508 A.2d 1167, 1174-75 (1986). Commonwealth v. P ie rce . 515 Pa. 153, 158

- 160, 527 A

. 2d 973, 975-76 (1987); Commonw e alth 1 )The issue underlying his claim of ineffectiveness is of arguable merit ; 2) the cours e chosen by counsel had no r easonable basis designed to serve his interests; and 3) he suff

e red prejudice as a result of counsel's ineffectiveness.

3 burden, the claimant must plead and prove that b e tw e en Defendant, defense counsel, and the Commonwealth witness. nature and circumstances leading to and during trial of the legal and personal relationship

The general rule involving ineff e ctiveness claims in PCRA matters is, to meet this and believable. However, the testimony of John Baer, Deputy District Attorney , illuminated the veracity. We also heard from Defendant and found his uncontroverted testimony to be truthful witness, Thomas Taylor. This Court did hear from Thomas Taylor, but carefully weighted hisi See string o f cases included in Commonwealth v . Munson. 419 Pa. Super. 23 8 , 615 A.2d 343 ( 1992). These c a ses

refer to a c onfli c t where the witn e ss and/or co-d e fendants w ere pre viously represented by defendant's counsel for some period of time prior to defendant's current charges. Th e se cases indicate the witnesses and/or co-defendant's previou s charges have b ee n well resolved and unrelated to the matter then at bar

. The representation of the witness and/or co-d e fendants have long been concluded. It is noted that the Munson Court commented "

. . . it is s conceded that non e of the cases are related. Furth er, no specific allegation has be e n made that counsel poss e ssed confid e ntial in formation as a result of prior re pre s e ntations which aff e cted his ability to zealously and eff e ctively cross-examine witnesses

.. .. " Munson, 419 Pa. Sup er. at 247, 615 A.2d at

__ . conviction of Defendant herein John Taylor, all the while strategi z ing the discrediting of the Thomas Taylor first needed to advance Federal defendant Thomas Taylor's coop e ration in the



### 4 representing two masters of differing interests. The cross purpose of representing witne s s not have that distinction

. . From January 2007, until his withdrawal, Attorney Gutkin clearly was Additionally, they also involve representation in two distinctly different matters. 2 Here, we do completion of services and an appreciable time prior to the complainant's representation. 14, 2007. Trial began on May 21 , 2007. his behalf. Attorney Gutkin was released of his obligation of counsel to Thomas Tay !or on May

Most cases involving conflict of interest of prior representation have all evidenced a he received a waiver of conflict from witness Thomas Taylor and terminated his involvement on as with witness Thomas Taylor. Weeks before his formal petition to withdraw (May 10, 2007) advice as to how to proceed. He then discussed these issues with Defendant John Taylor, as well selection, Attorney Gutkin discussed the "conflict" with Attorney Samuel Stretton to receive by Thomas Taylor, all of which were sent in the month of January. At some point prior to jury We do not know the date when Attorney Gutkin was first made aware of the various letters sent January 30, 2007, Attorney Gutkin entered his appearance on behalf of Defendant, John Taylor. Taylor was dated January 4, 2007, offering his assistance to the District Attorney's Office. On Thomas Taylor in numerous matters prior to 2007. The first letter sent from witness Thomas The timeline herein shows that defense counsel had represented Commonwealth witnessprior to trial. It did not have the " smell" of letters to the Commonwealth just a few months before The concern is two-fold

. Termination ofrepresentation occurred in Saladin over a year Smith. supra, 380 Pa. Super. at 630, 552 A.2d at 1059. Here, at the time of appellant's trial, counsel was no longer representing Robert Smithson

. Indeed, counsel withdrew from his representation of Smithson in May, 1985, a year and a half before appellant's trial. N. 

### T. January 30, 1986 at 17, 24; N.T. December 1, 1986 at 75-76

. Moreover, at trial, Smithson invoked his privilege against self-incrimination and refused to testify. Because the record clearly demonstrates that counsel was not actively representing conflicting interests, See Commonwealth v. Buehl, supra: In re Saladin, supra, appellant's claim that counsel was ineffective in continuing in his representation of appellant la c ks arguable merit. We look to Smith, supra, for guidance of counsel's termination pre-trial. shadows. But we find no such nefarious evidence of such. analogy to the musical "Chicago, " where a conspiracy of such a heinous nature lurks in the critical stages of both of their respective prosecutions. In fact, what haunts this Court is an eerie

5 believe this analysis is that easily ignored. There is no doubt that both clients were well into the Commonwealth wishes to easily dismiss this time period as not being at actual trial. We do not entered for both the defendant herein as well as the federal defendant/state witness. The during the time period in January through early May, Attorney Gutkin had his appearance 1086 (3rd Cir., 1983)." Saladin, supra, 359 Pa. Super. at 332, 518 A.2d at 1261 (1986). Clearly, material factual or legal issue or to a course of action. See Sullivan v. Cuyler, 723 F.3d 1077, interests of another client towards whom counsel bears obligations - diverge with respect to a evidenced whenever during the course of representation, the interests of appellant - and the "The full meaning of' actual conflict of interest' is somewhat broader; such a conflict is criminal homicide charges. testimony of witness Thomas Taylor in order to seek absolving Defendant John Taylor from hiswitness by defense counsel, the courts have examined the particu l ar circumstances to determine

cases in which the alleged conflict of interest is based on the prior representation of a prosecution Commonwealth v . Colavita, 606 Pa
. 1, , 993 A

. 2d 874, 895 (20 1 0)

. In United States v. J

e ffers , 520 F.2d 1256, 1264 (7 111 Cir

. 1975) the Court states that "[i ]n As a general rule, a lawyer should not be he l d ineffective without first having an opportunity to address the accusation in some fashion

. Of course, there may be cases where the absence of a reasonable strategy is uncontested, and there may be instances where trial counsel is deceased or unavailable for another re a son . But this is not such a case . The ultimate focus of an ineffectiveness inquiry is al ways upon counsel, and to upon an alleged deficiency in the abstract. Furthermore, it is particularly problematic to render an appellate finding of per s e unreasonableness in a case where the PCRA judge, whose decision was under review, discerned a reasonable strategy from the trial record alone and, for good measure, the PCRA judge al so presided at trial. evidence reveal confidences he did not expose? herein? Attorney Gutkin was never given the opportunity to explain

. On the other hand, did this



### 6 diffuse the fact that the jury will learn of his joint representation and hold it against the defendant in his inquiries. Was this evidence that he will not be zealous? Or was it a trial tactic in order to views

. First, he begins by warning the jury that his license may be in jeopardy if he's not careful A study of the cross-examination conducted by Attorney Gutkin shows two opposing 446 U
. S. at 348

. demonstrates that "an actual conflict of interest adversely affected his lawyer's performance

. " assistance of counsel. Under Cuyler, an appellant's conviction must be overturned once he Cuyler, supra, the United States Supreme Court established a minimum standard for effective For the time being, we turn to look beyond the issue of actual conflict of interest. In during the critical stages of representation

. outcome possibly affecting his own case. This Court cannot but find an actual conflict of interest trial , while representation was jointly en t ered

. Second, the witness did testify, 

### wil l ingly, with the~ MR
. G UTKIN: Hi, Tom. How long have we known e ach other, Tom?

THOMAS TAYLOR: Sinc e the nineties

. I believe. Q: Mid

- nineties, ha s n't it be e n? A : (no verbal response) Q: Mid-ninetie s ? You have to s ay yes or no. A : Yes, sir. conflict. 3 allay the fears? Counsel's remarks could also reflect the continuing burden of his actual lies on the defendant. But once the record herein is presented, does the Commonwealth need to Commonwealth v . McCloy. 3 93 Pa. Super

. 217, 224, 574 A.2d 86, 90 ( 1990). Albeit the burden

7 Commonwealth v. Smith, 380 Pa. Super. 619 , 629-630, 552 A.2d 1053, 1059 (1988)." by an actual conflict of interest. See Commonwealth v. Buehl, supra, 508 A.2d at 1175; of interest, however, prejudice will be presumed where counsel is shown to have been burdened troubling. "When the claim of ineffective assistance of counsel is based upon an alleged conflict skeptical? The failure of the Commonwealth to present Attorney Gutkin, in light of the record, is comments made to the witness alone evidencing sufficient reluctance to make the PCRA Court appeared to be mamby-pamby. cross-examination was extensive and thorough. The attacks were pointed and in no way examination at trial. Our careful and critical review of the record leads to the conclusion that the in matters preceding that, we are unaware of any circumstance(s) that affected the crosswith the fact that Attorney Gutkin had represented the witness during his federal difficulties, and president of company which defendant allegedly robbed); Brown v. United States, 665 F .2d 271 (9th Cir. 1982); United States v. Winkle, 722 F.2d 605 ( I 0 1 h Cir. 1983). Although we are familiar F.2d 1243 (5th Cir. 1974) (reversing conviction where counsel had represented in civil litigation whether counsel's undivided loyalties reside with his current client." See Castillo v. Estelle. 504

However, must the actual harm or prejudice be identified? Aren't the introductory8

Q: You know, I told the jury in opening, and I have to tell you this; that I am under ethical restraint. Correct? You know what restraint is? A: Yes, sir. Q. And that restraint is: There is no issue, so that my license doesn't get in jeopardy for cross-examining you; that 1 am not allowed to ask you anything which I may know about you that nobody else knows about you. It is called confidential relationships. Do you understand that? A: Yes, sir. Q: And I will not violate that. I value my license too much to violate that. But l will ask you questions on things I do know about you, okay? A: Fine

. Q: Anything you wrote to any person who is not associated with me, or to me, I have the right to know and I hav e th e right to cross-examine you on . Do you understand that? A : Yes, sir. Q : Let's start off

. First of all, would you agree that the person that referred John Taylor to me as a cli e nt was you? A : Yes, sir. {Notes of Testimony, Jury Trial, May 24, 2007, pp. 20-21] Jeffers, supra, 520 F.2d at 1256 n.13. The courts have frequently held that the existence of such a relationship, with the inherent attendant hesitancy of counsel to completely cross-examine a current client, creates a very real conflict of interest and requires a mistrial if the conflict is disclosed, or a new trial, if the conflict is discovered only later. See Castillo v. Estelle, 504 F .2d 1243 (5 1 h Cir. 1974); Porter v. United States, 298 F.2d 461 (5 1 h Cir. 1962); Taylor v. United States, 96 U.S.App.D.C. 379, 226 F.2d 337 (1955); District ofColumbia v. Scott, 94 U.S.App.D.C. 227, 214 F.2d 860 (1954); United States ex rel. Williamson v. La Vallee, 282 F.Supp. 968 (E.D.N.Y. 1968); United States ex rel. Miller v. Myers, 253 F.Supp. 55 (E.D.Pa. 1966); People v. Stoval. 40 lll.2d 109, 239 N.E.2d 441 (1968); cf Randazzo v. United States, 339 F.2d 79 (5 111 Cir. 1964 ). But see Weaver v. United States, 263 F .2d 577 (8 1 h Cir. 1959), cert.denied, 359 lJ.S. 1014, 79 S.Ct. 1154, 3 L.Ed.2d 1038; Hayman v. United States, 205 F.2d 891 (9 111 Cir. 1953), cert. denied, 349 U.S. 959, 75 S.Ct. 889, 99 L.Ed

. 1282. In Zurita v. United States, supra, n.3, we ordered a remand for a hearing to determine exactly the nature of Cohen's on-going relationship, if any, with the robbed bank. We noted that "if attorney Cohen were shown to have actually represented the bank at a time when the bank's interest in petitioner's trial conflicted with that of petitioner, we would be presented with a situation so 'fraught with the dangers of prejudice,' that a new trial would be required." 410 F.2d at 489, quoting People v. Stovall, 40 Ill.2d 109, 113, 239 N.E.2d 441, 443 (1968). In his concurring opinion Judge Fairchild expressed the view that the district court should not set aside the conviction unless the evidence showed a "probability that the relationship between petitioner's retained counsel and the ack was sufficient to and did cause counsel to be ineffective in representing petitioner." Footnote 13 in Jeffers, supra, in its entirety reads as follows:4 More specifically , Attorney Baer testified as follows: " [T)he o ne conversation that I remember the most clearly now, keep in mind, thi s has b e en since 2007 and I have literally tried I 00 cases s ince then , so I am going to paraphrase and just recall to the best of my ability

. But I know that Art [Attorney Gutkin} and I and Your Honor had a c o nv e rsation, either in chamb ers or at sidebar, where any issues that were re lated to Art's repre sentation o f Tom, Art had discussed with his client John Taylor, and that Art had re presented to the Court - perhaps y o u will recall th is -- that JT, Mr. Taylor rather, was okay with everything

. J don ' t know if waiver of any conflict was the ri g ht word, but he was fully apprised of the situation and he was okay with Art proceeding representing him and cross- e xamining T o m Taylor

. " [Note s of T e stim o ny, PCRA Hearing, November 6, 2013, pp. 11-12]. 13]. 4 And his actions were shared with the defendant herein

. District Attorney .John C. Baer [Not e s of Testimony, PCRA 

### I-I earing, November 6, 2013, pp. 10- he brought to the attention of the Court prior to trial. See generally, Testimony of Assistant

9 It appears Attorney Gutkin received "the consent of his client after full disclosure ." All of this 4-5 of the Code of Professional Responsibility states: A lawyer should not use information acquired in the course of the representation of a client to the disadvantage of the client and a lawyer should not use, except with the consent of his client after full disclosure, such information for his own purposes. Likewise, a lawyer should be diligent in his efforts to prevent the misuse of such information by his employees and associates. Care should be e xercised by a lawyer to prevent the disclosure of the confidences and secrets of one cli e nt to another, and no employment should be accepted that might require such disclosure. unrestrained cross-examination should witness Taylor testify at trial. As Ethical Consideration witness Tay !or and receive a waiv e r of conflict from him to that he might make a complete, proceed from Attorney Samuel Stretton. He then sought to terminate his representation of he spoke with both individuals about the issue. Further, that he sought advice as to how to testimony at the hearing demonstrated that Attorney Gutkin realized the dilemma he faced , that we must find, as a matter of fact, that counsel "actively" represented conflicting interests. The performance." Cuyler, supra. 446 U.S. at 350. So, before we can rest on the previous analysis, conflicting interests" and "that an actual conflict of interest adversely affected his lawyer ' s of interest, this is so only if the defendant demonstrates that counsel "actively represented While it is true that prejudice is presumed when counsel is burdened by an actual conflicthave counsel's testimony. However, the other aspects are similar. We find that throughout the

Id at 225, 574 A.2d at 90. Again , unfortunately the difference in the case at hand is we do not

10 Appellant has also failed to show that counsel's interest in cooperating with the federal authorities, in order to mitigate his own potential criminal liability for bribing a parole officer, had any adverse effect on counsel's ability to represent appellant effectively. Counsel testified at a post-trial evidentiary hearing that the F.8.1. had placed no restrictions upon his law practice and opined that the possibility of federal charges being brought against him, as well as his cooperation in the federal investigation, had had no effect on his representation of appellant at trial. Our own review of the record discloses that in all respects trial counsel provided a vigorous and skilled defense and made strategic and legal decisions which were reasonably calculated to serve appellant's interests. reviewing Court dismiss the claims, but further commented on the level of representation. a parole officer. Defendant in a state prosecution raised his counsel's conflict. Not only did the federal authorities due to his own problems stemming from possible criminal charges of bribing McCloy, 3 93 Pa. Super. 217, 574 A.2d 86 (l 990). Counsel therein was himself cooperating with Instructive in reviewing cases of counsel's zeal in cross-examination is Commonwealth v. representations as true. written by witness Taylor. We again did not hear from Attorney Gutkin, so we must take his him of the conflict issue, specifically claims he was not advised of the existence of the letters In hind sight, I would have. The defendant, although not denying that Attorney Gutkin informed Cuyler, supra, 446 U.S. at 347. Clearly, we could have easily made the record with a simple colloquy of the defendant. Absent special circumstances, therefore, trial courts may assume either that multiple representation entails no conflict or that the lawyer and his clients knowingly accept such risk of conflict as may exist. Indeed, as the Court noted in Holoway, supra, at 485-486, 98 S.Ct. at 1170, trial courts necessarily rely in large measure upon the good faith and good judgment of defense counsel. Unless the trial court knows or reasonably should know that a particular conflict exists, the court need not initiate an inquiry. Upon these representations, the Court took no further inquiry or colloquy.see in g gho s ts, wh e n the y are in r e ality offset shadows. A m e r e blowing of wi s ps in the wind.

not quite ri g ht. I am haunted th at the stake s here i n are mu c h t o o hi g h. Mayb e I believe I am e rror. And thi s is wh y I have s tru gg led with this matter for far too lon g. F or I smell something def e ndant's P C RA petition. This is as I take the law to be in Pennsyl v ania

. But I could be in z ealousl y re present his client, which the re c ord bears out. Therefore, this Court dismisses the the actu al conflict. T h e termi n ation and waiv e r fre ed d efe nse counsel to v igorously and action to the de fe ndant, during the tim e that e x isted during the stag e s of leg al representation of during the critical sta ge s of leg al re pre s entation. T hat conflict w a s re solved , without adv e r s e Herein, we find an actual conflict, direct and immediat ely diametrically oppo se d , e xisted his privilege ri g ht s . Attorney Gutkin's viol ation of his e thical duties. In fac t , witness Taylor entered into a wai v er of As h e re, witn e ss Tay lor asserted no claim of privilege nor voiced any concern about 

### J effe rs. supra, 520 F .2d at 1265. The second factor is more difficult to assess. Cohen did advise the court that, as a resul t of that conversation with his partner , he was in pos s ession of confidential information relevant to a possible cross-examination. Such information could creat e difficulties for the cross-examiner in two different way s. Most obviousl y ,

··· · · - ·· there

- mi g ht

- - be· · a-temptati(jn

- to-use-the · i11forrnation

- to · impea c h

- the

- fonnercHent; ------------·- - -- - - ---- We do not regard this risk as serious , however, for we think the courts can g enerally rely on the sound discretion of members of the bar to treat privileged information with appropriate respect. Moreover, in cases in which this concern docs seem si g nificant, it is the witness, rather than the defendant, who should object to the cross-examination by his former attorne y . Here Berry asserted no claim of privilege and voiced no conc e rn about C oh e n's possible violation of his eth ical responsibiliti e s.

1 1 mind our faith in the decisions of counsel to treat privileged fact s with proper esteem. distance his loyalties to witness Taylor in favor of defendant Taylor. It is important to keep in serve defendant Taylor ' s interest. For we must remember, Attorney Gutkin chose to terminate, trial, defense counsel made legal and strategic decisions which were reasonably calculated toA Court may not countenance it and must, in the contrary , t ake effective actions

just as we are certain the careful Judge below would have done had the facts been known at or before the commencement of the criminal trial. But where this has been allowed to occur, either through a calloused conscience of the attorney, or ignorance of the true facts by the Judge , the trial is not the fair one demanded by the Constitution. And this is so without regard to the presence or absence of any a ction of a strictly governmental nature which can be ascribed to the prosecution as the transgressing agency or imputed to the trial court on traditional notions of error on the Judge's part. by both parties. Constitutions (United States and Pennsylvania) that makes me vacillate between the relief sought Cuyler, supra, 446 U.S. at 343. This Court is cognizant of the various case law interpreting our Unless a defendant charged with a serious offense has counsel able to invoke the procedural and substantive safeguards that distinguish our system of justice, a serious risk of injustice infects the trial itself. 

### id., at 344 , 83 S.Ct., at 796; see Johnson 

### v. Zerbst, 304 U.S. 458, 467-468, 58 S.Ct., 1019, 1024, 82 L.Ed. 1461 (1938). When a State obtains a criminal conviction through such a trial, it is the State that unconstitutionally deprives the defendant of his liberty. See Argersinger v. Hamlin, supra, at 29-33, 92 S.Ct., at 2008-2010. have these very unusual facts applied to case law, and grant a new trial. on zealousness of matters not known, not raised, it may wish to reconsider this Court's attempt to

12 Court above is troubled that we may never know of the true, conscious or subconscious , effects -- - -- - - - --weighHhat

- testirnony;--then

- a-simple-remand

- for-the-taking

- -of-his-test-imony-could-su-ffice~

- H :. the--

-- - - - - · -- ··

troubled by Mr. Gutkin not having had the opportunity to testify, and the PCRA Court as well, to purportedly made to his client, no separate inquiry was made. Should the Court above be 

### Baer's testimony revealed discussions by Attorney Gutkin at the bench and representations conflict after being informed of specific risks involved in joint representation). Although Mr. Commonwealth v. Szekeresh, 357 Pa. Super. 149, 515 

### A:2d 605 ( 1986) ( defendant may waive If the Court above is troubled by no trial court colloquy, then we should be reversed. See13 a 

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## :r; c : :: c. :: • - :, ~ .u li. ,. , . DA T E D : April 6, 201 6 B Y T H E C OURT: .John Junior T ay lo r's PC RA petition. A cc o rdin g ly , b y order fil e d simultan e ou s ly wi th th i s opi n ion, thi s Court waril y dismi sse s 

### Id. at 1 245 ( citations omitted )

. T he appellant has alleged specific instances of prejudice resulting from the conflicting loyalties of his counsel. We need not inquire into those allegations. When ther e i s a conflict of inte re st such as exists in this case, the prejudic e may be subtl e, e v en unconscious. It may elud e dete ction on r e vi e w. A re v i e win g c o urt d e als with a cold record, capable , p e rhaps, of exposing gros s instances of incompetence but ofte n givin g no clue to the erosion of z e al which may ensue from di v ided loyalty. Accordingly , where the conflic t is re al , as it is here, a denial of th e ri g ht to effectiv e re presentation exists, with o ut a sh o wing o f specific

- - - - - - -- - -- - --- ---- - - prejud i ce :-- --- -- - · - -- ..- ··· -- - - ------- - ···-· · -- · - - -··- · · · · · · - · · ··· · - · · --···-·· · ······--·---- - ---- -- -- ---- · ·· - - ------- - - --·· ·· - · ·· · ·· · · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · ·· - ·· - · -· - -· - · ·· -· · · - · · ···· · - ··· · · - - -

the Court notes on pa g e 1245: Porter v. United States, 298 F.2d 461, 464 (1962). In Castillo v. Estelle, 504 F.2d 1243 (19 7 4),