USA Banner
  U.S. flag
              An official website of the United States government Here's how you knowOfficial US Government Icon
              **Official websites use .gov**A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
            Secure Site Icon
              **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
                  A **lock** ( A locked padlock ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. 
 U.S. Department of Transportation Icon United States Department of Transportation
 Search DOT
            Search
                        About FRAAbout FRA
  

        
              Overview
                Organization
                Program Offices
                Resource Center
                Web Policies and Notices
                Contact Us
                Communications
                Governmental AffairsFeatured
  

        
              Bipartisan Infrastructure Law Information from FRA
                Careers
                Leadership Profiles
                Organizational Chart
                Newsroom
                Press Releases
                Speeches
                Fact Sheets
                TestimonyRailroad SafetyFeatured
  

        
              Train Horn Rule/Quiet Zones
                Public Blocked Crossings Incident Reporter
                Drug & Alcohol
                Safety Data
                C3RS
                High-Hazard Flammable Train Route AssessmentRailroad Safety
  

        
              Overview
                Railroad Crossing Safety & Trespass Prevention
                Accident Data & Reporting, Investigations
                Divisions
                Partnerships & ProgramsRail Network DevelopmentFeatured
  

        
              High-Speed Rail
                Amtrak
                Environmental Reviews
                GIS Maps
                RuralRail Network Development
  

        
              Overview
                Passenger Rail
                Freight Rail
                Environment
                Planning
                International
                Maps & Data
                Training & GuidanceResearch & DevelopmentFeatured
  

        
              R&D Current Projects
                Positive Train Control
                Hazardous Materials
                Highway-Rail Grade Crossing
                Close Call Reporting
                Broad Agency AnnouncementResearch & Development
  

        
              Overview
                Program Areas
                R&D ReportsLegislation & RegulationsFeatured
  

        
              FAST Act
                National Rail Plan
                Proposed State Rail Plan
                Civil PenaltiesLegislation & Regulations
  

        
              Overview
                Legislation
                Regulations & Rulemaking
                Buy AmericaGrants & LoansFeatured
  

        
              FRA Discretionary Grant Program Tool
                Discretionary Grant Calendar
                Railroad Capital Project Guidance
                FRA Webinars
                DOT GrantsGrants & Loans
  

        
              Overview
                Grant Programs
                Applying for Grants
                Resources for Grant Recipients
                Training & GuidanceFRA eLibraryeLibrary
  

        
              Accidents & Fatalities
                Compliance
                Conferences & Presentations
                Emergency & Safety
                Enforcement & Litigation
                Publications & Policy
                Reports
                OtherMenu Home


            
            Document Type
      Reports
  (8)Historical Documents
  (1)Other Reports
  (2)Reports to Congress
  (1)(-)
Research Results
  (1)Technical Reports
  (3)
Subjects
      Show all
  (1138)Accident Investigations
  (603)Track
  (82)Human Factors
  (70)Hazardous Materials
  (47)Highway-Rail Grade Crossings
  (44)Tracks & Structures
  (31)Track/Train Interactions
  (26)Rolling Stock
  (22)Freight Operations
  (19)Passenger Rail
  (19)Grade Crossing Technology
  (19)Positive Train Control
  (14)Grade Crossing and Trespass Outreach/Education
  (13)Signal and Train Control
  (7)Sleep Disorders
  (7)Train Control
  (7)Risk Reduction Program
  (6)Work Schedule & Sleep Patterns
  (6)Safety Culture
  (6)Amtrak
  (5)Highway-Rail Grade Crossing Warning Systems
  (5)Trespasser Programs
  (5)Heavy Axle Load (HAL)
  (5)Grade Crossing Modeling and Simulation
  (5)Fatigue Management
  (4)Communications
  (4)Bridge and Structures Safety
  (3)Crashworthiness - Passenger Equipment
  (3)Right-of-Way
  (3)Safety Performance Measures
  (3)Risk Assessment
  (3)Braking Systems
  (2)Emergency Preparedness
  (2)Motive Power and Equipment
  (2)Occupant Protection
  (2)Railroad Safety Program Management
  (2)Crashworthiness - Tank Car
  (2)Railroad Employees
  (2)Locomotive Standards (Safety & Noise)
  (2)Evaluation
  (2)Grade Crossing Pedestrian Safety
  (2)Automated Track Inspection Program (ATIP)
  (1)Facilities & Test Equipment
  (1)Intelligent Railroad Systems
  (1)Rail and Infrastructure Integrity
  (1)Railroad Safety Information Management
  (1)Railroad Safety Technical Training Standards
  (1)Railroad System Issues
  (1)Safety Regulatory Analysis
  (1)Switching Operations
  (1)Collision
  (1)Accident Reduction
  (1)Train Horn Noise
  (1)Best Practices
  (1)(-)
Analysis
  (1)Artificial Intelligence
  (1)Automation
  (1)Autonomous
  (1)Commuter
  (1)Fiber Optic
  (1)Grade Crossings
  (1)Short Line Railroads
  (1)Trespass Countermeasures
  (1)
                
                eLibrary Search
**Your Selections:**Reset(-)
Research Results
  (1)(-)
Analysis
  (1)
The FRA eLibrary contains all the documents that are found throughout the FRA Public Website. Multiple pages on the website may link to the same eLibrary item based on its set of metatdata.

**Can I find All FRA Documents in the Library?**
Some "documents" may not appear here for the following reasons:

Document resides on an external site for the record of source, links to the document are provided in context but not in the library as FRA does not maintain this record. This document lives on another website.
	Document has not yet been assigned keywords.
	Document is historical and has been removed from library to avoid confusion with current publications.
	Document is public affairs & policy related, such as press releases, speeches, testimony, or fact sheet. These press-related documents can now be found in the FRA Newsroom.
	Document is related to rules and notices. This information can now be found on the Rulemakings search and the Notices search, respectively.Refine Your Search
            **To search an exact document title or key phrase, place quotations around the text. Example: "U.S. Government Grade Crossing Research & Stakeholder Engagement" Entering keywords without quotations will search the eLibrary for all occurrences of the keywords.**
            

Dates
  Date fromDate toSort by
                    
Sort by Date (Most Recent)Sort by Title (A-Z)Items per page
                    
52550
  
  

  1
Aug
2018
Research Results
Understanding the Splitting and Bursting Failure of Concrete Crossties
Author
          Federal Railroad Administration

Subject
                    Analysis

**Keywords:** Pretensioned concrete crosstie, splitting crack, bursting crack, concrete release strength, prestressing wire, prestressing strand, bond strength, finite element analysis
**Abstract:** Under the sponsorship of the Federal Railroad Administration, finite element (FE) analyses were conducted at the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center)...
Report Number
              RR 18-12

  Office
              RDI-21 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

**Federal Railroad Administration**

1200 NEW JERSEY AVENUE, SE

WASHINGTON, DC 20590

202-366-4000Subscribe to email updates
                    About Us
  

        
              About FRA
                Careers
                Contact Us
                FRA Civil Rights
                Doing Business with FRA
                Grants and Financial Assistance
                Safety Management TeamsAreas of Interest
  

        
              Bipartisan Infrastructure Law
                Safety Data
                Buy America
                Operation Lifesaver
                Railroad Safety Advisory Committee
                FRA Secure Area
                Proactive DisclosureI Am A...
  

        
              Railroad Traveler
                Railroad Inspector
                Reporter
                Educator/StudentPolicies, Rights, Legal
  

        
              About DOT
                Budget and Performance
                Civil Rights
                FOIA
                Information Quality
                No FEAR Act
                Office of Inspector General
                Privacy Policy
                USA.gov
                Vulnerability Disclosure Policy
                Web Policies and Notices
                Web Standards