42598 Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 135 / Friday, July 15, 2022 / Rules and Regulations 

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

Fish and Wildlife Service 

50 CFR Part 20 

[Docket No. FWS–HQ–MB–2021–0057; 

FF09M30000–223–FXMB1231099BPP0] 

RIN 1018–BF07 

Migratory Bird Hunting; Final 2022–23 

Frameworks for Migratory Bird Hunting 

Regulations 

AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, 

Interior. 

ACTION: Final rule. 

SUMMARY: The U.S. Fish and Wildlife 

Service (Service or we) is establishing 

the 2022–23 final frameworks from 

which States may select season dates, 

limits, and other options for the 2022– 

23 migratory game bird hunting season 

for certain migratory game birds. We 

annually prescribe outside limits (which 

we call ‘‘frameworks’’) within which 

States may select hunting seasons. 

Frameworks specify the outside dates, 

season lengths, shooting hours, bag and 

possession limits, and areas where 

migratory game bird hunting may occur. 

These frameworks are necessary to 

allow State selections of seasons and 

limits and to allow harvest at levels 

compatible with migratory game bird 

population status and habitat 

conditions. Migratory game bird hunting 

seasons provide opportunities for 

recreation and sustenance, and aid 

Federal, State, and Tribal governments 

in the management of migratory game 

birds. 

DATES: This rule takes effect on July 15, 

2022. 

ADDRESSES: States should send their 

season selections to: Chief, Division of 

Migratory Bird Management, U.S. Fish 

and Wildlife Service, MS: MB, 5275 

Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041– 

3803. You may inspect comments 

received on the migratory bird hunting 

regulations at https://

www.regulations.gov at Docket No. 

FWS–HQ–MB–2021–0057. You may 

obtain copies of referenced reports from 

the street address above, or from the 

Division of Migratory Bird 

Management’s website at http://

www.fws.gov/migratorybirds/, or at 

https://www.regulations.gov at Docket 

No. FWS–HQ–MB–2021–0057. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 

Jerome Ford, U.S. Fish and Wildlife 

Service, Department of the Interior, 

(202) 208–1050. Individuals in the 

United States who are deaf, deafblind, 

hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability may dial 711 (TTY, TDD, or 

TeleBraille) to access 

telecommunications relay services. 

Individuals outside the United States 

should use the relay services offered 

within their country to make 

international calls to the point-ofcontact in the United States. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Process for Establishing Annual 

Migratory Game Bird Hunting 

Regulations 

As part of the Department of the 

Interior’s retrospective regulatory 

review, in 2015, we developed a 

schedule for migratory game bird 

hunting regulations that is more 

efficient and establishes hunting season 

dates earlier than was possible under 

the previous process. Under the current 

process, we develop proposed hunting 

season frameworks for a given year in 

the fall of the prior year. We then 

finalize those frameworks a few months 

later, thereby enabling the State 

agencies to select and publish their 

season dates in early summer. We 

provided a detailed overview of the 

current process in the August 3, 2017, 

Federal Register (82 FR 36308). This 

final rule is the third in a series of 

proposed and final rules that establish 

regulations for the 2022–23 migratory 

game bird hunting season. 

Regulations Schedule for 2022 

The process for promulgating annual 

regulations for the hunting of migratory 

game birds involves the publication of 

a series of proposed and final 

rulemaking documents. On August 31, 

2021, we published in the Federal 

Register (86 FR 48649) a proposal to 

amend 50 CFR part 20. The proposal 

provided a background and overview of 

the migratory bird hunting regulations 

process, and addressed the 

establishment of seasons, limits, and 

other regulations for hunting migratory 

game birds under §§ 20.101 through 

20.107, 20.109, and 20.110 of subpart K. 

This document is one of the final rules 

for promulgating annual migratory game 

bird hunting regulations. Major steps in 

the 2022–23 regulatory cycle relating to 

open public meetings and Federal 

Register notifications were illustrated in 

the diagram at the end of the August 31, 

2021, proposed rule. For this regulatory 

cycle, we combined elements of the 

document that is described in the 

diagram as Supplemental Proposals 

with the document that is described as 

Proposed Season Frameworks. 

Further, in the August 31, 2021, 

proposed rule we explained that all 

sections of subsequent documents 

outlining hunting frameworks and 

guidelines would be organized under 

numbered headings, which were set 

forth at 86 FR 48651. This and 

subsequent documents will refer only to 

numbered items requiring attention. 

Because we will omit those items not 

requiring attention, the remaining 

numbered items may be discontinuous, 

and the list will appear incomplete. 

We provided the meeting dates and 

locations for the Service Regulations 

Committee (SRC) (https://www.fws.gov/ 

event/us-fish-and-wildlife-servicemigratory-bird-regulations-committeemeeting) and Flyway Council meetings 

(https://www.fws.gov/partner/migratorybird-program-administrative-flyways) on 

Flyway calendars posted on our 

website. We announced the April SRC 

meeting in the March 25, 2021, Federal 

Register (86 FR 15957) and on our 

website. The August 31, 2021, proposed 

rule provided detailed information on 

the proposed 2022–23 regulatory 

schedule and announced the September 

SRC meeting. The SRC conducted an 

open meeting with the Flyway Council 

on April 6, 2021, to discuss preliminary 

issues for the 2022–23 regulations, and 

on September 28–29, 2021, to review 

information on the current status of 

migratory game birds and develop 

recommendations for the 2022–23 

regulations for these species. 

On February 2, 2022, we published in 

the Federal Register (87 FR 5946) the 

proposed frameworks for the 2022–23 

season migratory game bird hunting 

season. We have considered all 

pertinent comments received, which 

includes comments submitted in 

response to our August 31 and February 

2 proposed rulemaking documents and 

comments from the September SRC 

meeting. This document establishes 

final regulatory frameworks for 

migratory game bird hunting regulations 

for the 2022–23 season and includes no 

substantive changes from the February 

2, 2022, proposed rule except a minor 

correction (see 3. Mergansers and 4. 

Canada and Cackling Geese, below). We 

will publish State selections in the 

Federal Register as amendments to 

§§ 20.101 through 20.107 and 20.109 of 

title 50 CFR part 20. 

Population Status and Harvest 

Each year, we publish reports that 

provide detailed information on the 

status and harvest of certain migratory 

game bird species. These reports are 

available at the address indicated under 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT or 

from our website at: https://

www.fws.gov/library/collections/ 

population-status, or https://

www.fws.gov/library/collections/ 

migratory-bird-hunting-activity-andharvest-reports. 


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We used the following annual reports 

published in August 2021 in the 

development of proposed frameworks 

for the migratory bird hunting 

regulations: Adaptive Harvest 

Management, 2022 Hunting Season; 

American Woodcock Population Status, 

2021; Band-tailed Pigeon Population 

Status, 2021; Migratory Bird Hunting 

Activity and Harvest During the 2019– 

20 and 2020–21 Hunting Seasons; 

Mourning Dove Population Status, 2021; 

Status and Harvests of Sandhill Cranes, 

Mid-continent, Rocky Mountain, Lower 

Colorado River Valley and Eastern 

Populations, 2021; and Waterfowl 

Population Status, 2021. 

Our long-term objectives continue to 

include providing opportunities to 

harvest portions of certain migratory 

game bird populations and to limit 

harvests to levels compatible with each 

population’s ability to maintain healthy, 

viable numbers. Migratory game bird 

hunting seasons provide opportunities 

for recreation and sustenance, and aid 

Federal, State, and Tribal governments 

in the management of migratory game 

birds. Having taken into account the 

zones of temperature and the 

distribution, abundance, economic 

value, breeding habits, and times and 

lines of flight of migratory birds, we 

conclude that the hunting seasons 

provided for herein are compatible with 

the current status of migratory bird 

populations and long-term population 

goals. Additionally, we are obligated to, 

and do, give serious consideration to all 

information received during the public 

comment period. 

Review of Public Comments and 

Flyway Council Recommendations 

The preliminary proposed 

rulemaking, which appeared in the 

August 31, 2021, Federal Register, 

opened the public comment period for 

migratory game bird hunting regulations 

and described the proposed regulatory 

alternatives for the 2022–23 duck 

hunting season. Comments and 

recommendations are summarized 

below and numbered in the order set 

forth in the August 31, 2021, proposed 

rule (see 86 FR 48649). 

We received recommendations from 

all four Flyway Councils at the April 

and September SRC meetings; all 

recommendations are from the 

September meeting unless otherwise 

noted. Some recommendations 

supported continuation of last year’s 

frameworks. Due to the comprehensive 

nature of the annual review of the 

frameworks performed by the Councils, 

support for continuation of last year’s 

frameworks is assumed for items for 

which no recommendations were 

received. Council recommendations for 

changes in the frameworks are 

summarized below. As explained earlier 

in this document, we have included 

only the numbered items pertaining to 

issues for which we received 

recommendations. Consequently, the 

issues do not follow in successive 

numerical order. 

General 

Written Comments: Several 

commenters protested the entire 

migratory bird hunting regulations 

process, protested the killing of all 

migratory birds, and questioned the 

status and habitat data on which the 

migratory bird hunting regulations are 

based. 

Service Response: As we indicate 

above under Population Status and 

Harvest, our long-term objectives 

continue to include providing 

opportunities to harvest portions of 

certain migratory game bird populations 

and to limit harvests to levels 

compatible with each population’s 

ability to maintain healthy, viable 

numbers. Sustaining migratory bird 

populations and ensuring a variety of 

sustainable uses, including harvest, is 

consistent with the guiding principles 

by which migratory birds are to be 

managed under the conventions 

between the United States and several 

foreign nations for the protection and 

management of these birds. We have 

taken into account available information 

and considered public comments and 

continue to conclude that the hunting 

seasons provided for herein are 

compatible with the current status of 

migratory bird populations and longterm population goals. In regard to the 

regulations process, the Flyway Council 

system of migratory bird management 

has been a longstanding example of 

State–Federal cooperative management 

since its establishment in 1952 in the 

regulation development process and 

bird population and habitat monitoring. 

However, as always, we continue to 

seek new ways to streamline and 

improve the process and ensure 

adequate conservation of the resource. 

1. Ducks 

A. General Harvest Strategy 

Council Recommendations: The 

Atlantic, Mississippi, Central, and 

Pacific Flyway Councils recommended 

adoption of the liberal regulatory 

alternative for their respective flyways. 

Service Response: As we stated in the 

August 31, 2021, proposed rule, we 

intend to continue use of Adaptive 

Harvest Management (AHM) to help 

determine appropriate duck-hunting 

regulations for the 2022–23 season. 

AHM is a tool that permits sound 

resource decisions in the face of 

uncertain regulatory impacts and 

provides a mechanism for reducing that 

uncertainty over time. We use an AHM 

protocol (decision framework) to 

evaluate four regulatory alternatives, 

each with a different expected harvest 

level, and choose the optimal regulation 

for duck hunting based on the status 

and demographics of mallards for the 

Mississippi, Central, and Pacific 

Flyways, and based on the status and 

demographics of a suite of four species 

(eastern waterfowl) in the Atlantic 

Flyway (see below, and the earlier 

referenced report ‘‘Adaptive Harvest 

Management, 2022 Hunting Season’’ for 

more details). We have specific AHM 

protocols that guide appropriate bag 

limits and season lengths for species of 

special concern, including black ducks, 

scaup, and pintails, within the general 

duck season. These protocols use the 

same outside season dates and lengths 

as those regulatory alternatives for the 

2022–23 general duck season. 

For the 2022–23 hunting season, we 

will continue to use independent 

optimizations to determine the 

appropriate regulatory alternative for 

mallard stocks in the Mississippi, 

Central, and Pacific Flyways and for 

eastern waterfowl in the Atlantic 

Flyway. This means that we will 

develop regulations for mid-continent 

mallards, western mallards, and eastern 

waterfowl independently based on the 

breeding stock(s) that contributes 

primarily to each Flyway. We detailed 

implementation of AHM protocols for 

mid-continent and western mallards in 

the July 24, 2008, Federal Register (73 

FR 43290), and for eastern waterfowl in 

the September 21, 2018, Federal 

Register (83 FR 47868). 

We also stated in the August 31, 2021, 

proposed rule that the coronavirus 

pandemic and associated travel 

restrictions and human health concerns 

in the United States and Canada 

prevented the Service and their partners 

from performing the Waterfowl 

Breeding Population and Habitat Survey 

(WBPHS) and estimating waterfowl 

breeding abundances and habitat 

conditions in the spring of 2021 in some 

cases. As a result, AHM protocols have 

been adjusted only as necessary to 

inform decisions on duck hunting 

regulations based on model predictions 

of breeding abundances and habitat 

conditions. In most cases, system 

models specific to each AHM decision 

framework have been used to predict 

breeding abundances from the available 

information (e.g., 2019 observations). 

However, for some system State 


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variables (i.e., pond numbers and mean 

latitude), we have used updated time 

series models to forecast 2021 values 

based on the most recent information. 

These technical adjustments are 

described in detail in the report entitled 

‘‘Adaptive Harvest Management, 2022 

Hunting Season’’ referenced above 

under Population Status and Harvest. 

Atlantic Flyway 

For the Atlantic Flyway, we set duckhunting regulations based on the status 

and demographics of a suite of four 

duck species (eastern waterfowl) in 

eastern Canada and the Atlantic Flyway 

States: green-winged teal, common 

goldeneye, ring-necked duck, and wood 

duck. For purposes of the assessment, 

eastern waterfowl stocks are those 

breeding in eastern Canada and Maine 

(Federal WBPHS fixed-wing surveys in 

strata 51–53, 56, and 62–70, and 

helicopter plot surveys in strata 51–52, 

63–64, 66–68, and 70–72) and in 

Atlantic Flyway States from New 

Hampshire south to Virginia (Atlantic 

Flyway Breeding Waterfowl Survey, 

AFBWS). Abundance estimates for 

green-winged teal, ring-necked ducks, 

and goldeneyes are derived annually by 

integrating fixed-wing and helicopter 

survey data from eastern Canada and 

Maine (WBPHS strata 51–53, 56, and 

62–72). Counts of green-winged teal, 

ring-necked ducks, and goldeneyes in 

the AFBWS are negligible and therefore 

excluded from population estimates for 

those species. Abundance estimates for 

wood ducks in the Atlantic Flyway 

(Maine south to Florida) are estimated 

by integrating data from the AFBWS and 

the North American Breeding Bird 

Survey. Counts of wood ducks from the 

WBPHS are negligible and therefore 

excluded from population estimates. 

For the 2022–23 hunting season, we 

evaluated alternative harvest regulations 

for eastern waterfowl using: (1) A 

management objective of 98 percent of 

maximum long-term sustainable harvest 

for eastern waterfowl; (2) the 2022–23 

regulatory alternatives; and (3) current 

stock-specific population models and 

associated weights. Based on the liberal 

regulatory alternative selected for the 

2021–22 duck hunting season, the 2021 

abundances of 1.02 million observed 

wood ducks, and of 0.34 million 

American green-winged teal, 0.71 

million ring-necked ducks, and 0.59 

million goldeneyes predicted for the 

eastern survey area and Atlantic 

Flyway, the optimal regulation for the 

Atlantic Flyway is the liberal 

alternative. Therefore, we concur with 

the recommendation of the Atlantic 

Flyway Council regarding selection of 

the liberal regulatory alternative as 

described in the August 31, 2021, 

proposed rule for the 2022–23 season. 

The mallard bag limit in the Atlantic 

Flyway is based on a separate 

assessment of the harvest potential of 

eastern mallards (see xi. Other, below, 

for further discussion on the mallard 

bag limit in the Atlantic Flyway). 

Mississippi and Central Flyways 

For the Mississippi and Central 

Flyways, we set duck-hunting 

regulations based on the status and 

demographics of mid-continent 

mallards and habitat conditions (pond 

numbers in Prairie Canada). For 

purposes of the assessment, midcontinent mallards are those breeding in 

central North America (Federal WBPHS 

strata 13–18, 20–50, and 75–77), and in 

Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin 

(State surveys). 

For the 2022–23 hunting season, we 

evaluated alternative harvest regulations 

for mid-continent mallards using: (1) A 

management objective of maximum 

long-term sustainable harvest; (2) the 

2022–23 regulatory alternatives; and (3) 

current population models and 

associated weights. Based on a liberal 

regulatory alternative selected for the 

2021–22 hunting season, the 2021 

model predictions of 8.62 million midcontinent mallards and 2.94 million 

ponds in Prairie Canada, the optimal 

regulation for the Mississippi and 

Central Flyways is the liberal 

alternative. Therefore, we concur with 

the recommendations of the Mississippi 

and Central Flyway Councils regarding 

selection of the liberal regulatory 

alternative as described in the August 

31, 2021, proposed rule for the 2022–23 

season. 

Pacific Flyway 

For the Pacific Flyway, we set duckhunting regulations based on the status 

and demographics of western mallards. 

For purposes of the assessment, western 

mallards consist of two substocks and 

are those breeding in Alaska and Yukon 

Territory (Federal WBPHS strata 1–12) 

and those breeding in the southern 

Pacific Flyway including California, 

Oregon, Washington, and British 

Columbia (State and Provincial surveys) 

combined. 

For the 2022–23 hunting season, we 

evaluated alternative harvest regulations 

for western mallards using: (1) A 

management objective of maximum 

long-term sustainable harvest; (2) the 

2022–23 regulatory alternatives; and (3) 

the current population model. Based on 

a liberal regulatory alternative selected 

for the 2021–22 hunting season, and 

2021 abundances of 1.17 million 

western mallards observed in Alaska 

(0.64 million) and predicted for the 

southern Pacific Flyway (0.53 million), 

the optimal regulation for the Pacific 

Flyway is the liberal alternative. 

Therefore, we concur with the 

recommendation of the Pacific Flyway 

Council regarding selection of the 

liberal regulatory alternative as 

described in the August 31, 2021, 

proposed rule for the 2022–23 season. 

B. Regulatory Alternatives 

Council Recommendations: At the 

April SRC meeting, the Atlantic, 

Mississippi, Central, and Pacific Flyway 

Councils recommended that AHM 

regulatory alternatives for duck hunting 

during the 2022–23 season remain the 

same as those used in the previous 

season. 

Service Response: Consistent with 

Flyway Council recommendations, the 

AHM regulatory alternatives proposed 

for the Atlantic, Mississippi, Central, 

and Pacific Flyways in the August 31, 

2021, proposed rule (86 FR 48649) will 

be used for the 2022–23 hunting season 

(see accompanying table at the end of 

that document for specific information). 

The AHM regulatory alternatives consist 

only of the maximum season lengths, 

framework dates, and bag limits for total 

ducks and mallards. Restrictions for 

certain species within these frameworks 

that are not covered by existing harvest 

strategies will be addressed elsewhere 

in these frameworks. For those species 

with specific harvest strategies (pintails, 

black ducks, and scaup), those strategies 

will again be used for the 2022–23 

hunting season. 

D. Special Seasons/Species 

Management 

i. Early Teal Seasons 

Because a spring 2021 abundance 

estimate from the WBPHS for bluewinged teal was not available, we used 

time series models to predict their 

abundance. The predicted estimate was 

5.83 million birds. Because this estimate 

is greater than 4.7 million birds, the 

special early teal season guidelines (see 

79 FR 51403, August 28, 2014) indicate 

that a 16-day special early (September) 

teal season with a 6-teal daily bag limit 

is appropriate for States in the Atlantic, 

Mississippi, and Central flyways. 

ii. Early Teal/Wood Duck Seasons 

In Florida, Kentucky, and Tennessee, 

in lieu of a special early teal season, a 

5-consecutive-day teal-wood duck 

season may be selected in September. 

The daily bag limit may not exceed 6 

teal and wood ducks in the aggregate, of 

which no more than 2 may be wood 

ducks. In addition, a 4-consecutive-day 


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special early teal-only season may be 

selected in September either 

immediately before or immediately after 

the 5-consecutive-day teal/wood duck 

season. The daily bag limit is 6 teal. 

iii. Black Ducks 

Council Recommendations: The 

Atlantic and Mississippi Flyway 

Councils recommended continued use 

of the AHM protocol for black ducks, 

and adoption of the moderate regulatory 

alternative for their respective flyways. 

The Flyway-specific regulations consist 

of a daily bag limit of two black ducks 

and a season length of 60 days. 

Service Response: The Service, 

Atlantic and Mississippi Flyway 

Councils, and Canada adopted an 

international AHM protocol for black 

ducks in 2012 (77 FR 49868; August 17, 

2012), whereby we set black duck 

hunting regulations for the Atlantic and 

Mississippi Flyways (and Canada) based 

on the status and demographics of these 

birds. The AHM protocol clarifies 

country-specific target harvest levels 

and reduces conflicts over regulatory 

policies. 

For the 2022–23 hunting season, we 

evaluated country-specific alternative 

harvest regulations using: (1) A 

management objective of 98 percent of 

maximum long-term sustainable 

harvest; (2) country-specific regulatory 

alternatives; and (3) current population 

models and associated weights. Based 

on the moderate regulatory alternative 

selected for the 2021–22 hunting season 

and the 2021 model predictions of 0.54 

million breeding black ducks and 0.39 

million breeding mallards (Federal 

WBPHS strata 51, 52, 63, 64, 66, 67, 68, 

70, 71, and 72; core survey area), the 

optimal regulation for the Atlantic and 

Mississippi Flyways is the moderate 

alternative (and the liberal alternative in 

Canada). Therefore, we concur with the 

recommendations of the Atlantic and 

Mississippi Flyway Councils. 

iv. Canvasbacks 

Council Recommendations: The 

Atlantic, Mississippi, Central, and 

Pacific Flyway Councils recommended 

adoption of the liberal regulatory 

alternative for their respective flyways. 

The Flyway-specific regulations consist 

of a daily bag limit of two canvasbacks 

and a season length of 60 days in the 

Atlantic and Mississippi Flyways, 74 

days in the Central Flyway, and 107 

days in the Pacific Flyway. 

Service Response: As we discussed in 

the March 28, 2016, Federal Register 

(81 FR 17302), the canvasback harvest 

strategy that we had relied on until 2015 

was not viable under our new regulatory 

process because it required biological 

information that was not yet available at 

the time a decision on season structure 

needed to be made. We do not yet have 

a new harvest strategy to propose for use 

in guiding canvasback harvest 

management in the future. However, we 

have worked with technical staff of the 

four Flyway Councils to develop a 

decision framework (hereafter, decision 

support tool) that relies on the best 

biological information available to 

develop recommendations for annual 

canvasback harvest regulations. The 

decision support tool uses available 

information (1994–2014) on canvasback 

breeding population size in Alaska and 

north-central North America (Federal 

WBPHS traditional survey area, strata 

1–18, 20–50, and 75–77), growth rate, 

survival, and harvest, and a population 

model to evaluate alternative harvest 

regulations based on a management 

objective of maximum long-term 

sustainable harvest. The decision 

support tool calls for a closed season 

when the population is below 460,000, 

a 1-bird daily bag limit when the 

population is between 460,000 and 

480,000, and a 2-bird daily bag limit 

when the population is greater than 

480,000. Because abundance estimates 

were not available from the WBPHS, we 

used two different methods to predict 

canvasback abundance during spring 

2021. One used a population model 

initially developed in the 1990s, and the 

other used the time series of recent 

abundances from the WBPHS. Based on 

the resulting predictions of 639,239 and 

677,422 canvasbacks, respectively, for 

the two approaches, we concur with the 

recommendations of the four Flyway 

Councils regarding selection of the 

liberal regulatory alternative for the 

2022–23 season. 

v. Pintails 

Council Recommendations: The 

Atlantic, Mississippi, Central, and 

Pacific Flyway Councils recommended 

adoption of the liberal regulatory 

alternative with a 1-pintail daily bag 

limit for their respective flyways. The 

Flyway-specific regulations consist of a 

season length of 60 days in the Atlantic 

and Mississippi Flyways, 74 days in the 

Central Flyway, and 107 days in the 

Pacific Flyway. 

Service Response: The Service and 

four Flyway Councils adopted an AHM 

protocol for pintail in 2010 (75 FR 

44856; July 29, 2010), whereby we set 

pintail hunting regulations in all four 

Flyways based on the status and 

demographics of these birds. 

For the 2022–23 hunting season, we 

evaluated alternative harvest regulations 

for pintails using: (1) A management 

objective of maximum long-term 

sustainable harvest, including a closedseason constraint of 1.75 million birds; 

(2) the regulatory alternatives; and (3) 

current population models and 

associated weights. Based on a liberal 

regulatory alternative with a 1-bird daily 

bag limit for the 2021–22 season, and 

the 2021 model predictions of 2.50 

million pintails with the center of the 

population predicted to occur at a mean 

latitude of 55.47 degrees (Federal 

WBPHS traditional survey area, strata 

1–18, 20–50, and 75–77), the optimal 

regulation for all four Flyways is the 

liberal alternative with a 1-pintail daily 

bag limit. Therefore, we concur with the 

recommendations of the four Flyway 

Councils. 

vi. Scaup 

Council Recommendations: The 

Atlantic, Mississippi, Central, and 

Pacific Flyway Councils recommended 

adoption of the restrictive regulatory 

alternative for the 2022–23 season. The 

Flyway-specific regulations consist of a 

60-day season with a 1-bird daily bag 

limit during 40 consecutive days and a 

2-bird daily bag limit during 20 

consecutive days in the Atlantic 

Flyway, a 60-day season with a 2-bird 

daily bag limit during 45 consecutive 

days and a 1-bird daily bag limit during 

15 consecutive days in the Mississippi 

Flyway, a 1-bird daily bag limit for 74 

days in the Central Flyway (which may 

have separate segments of 39 days and 

35 days), and an 86-day season with a 

2-bird daily bag limit in the Pacific 

Flyway. 

Service Response: The Service and 

four Flyway Councils adopted an AHM 

protocol for scaup in 2008 (73 FR 43290, 

July 24, 2008; and 73 FR 51124, August 

29, 2008) whereby we set scaup hunting 

regulations in all four Flyways based on 

the status and demographics of these 

birds. 

For the 2022–23 hunting season, we 

evaluated alternative harvest regulations 

for scaup using: (1) A management 

objective of 95 percent of maximum 

sustainable harvest; (2) the regulatory 

alternatives; and (3) the current 

population model. Based on a moderate 

regulatory alternative for the 2021–22 

season, and the 2021 model prediction 

of 3.53 million scaup (Federal WBPHS 

traditional survey area, strata 1–18, 20– 

50, and 75–77), the optimal regulation 

for all four Flyways is the restrictive 

alternative. Therefore, we concur with 

the recommendations of the four Flyway 

Councils regarding selection of the 

restrictive alternative for the 2022–23 

season. 


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xi. Other 

Council Recommendations: The 

Atlantic Flyway Council recommended 

a mallard daily bag limit of two birds, 

only one of which could be female, for 

the Atlantic Flyway. 

Service Response: We agree with the 

Atlantic Flyway Council’s 

recommendation for a mallard daily bag 

limit of two birds, of which only one 

may be female, for the Atlantic Flyway. 

The Atlantic Flyway Council’s eastern 

waterfowl AHM protocol (see above) did 

not specifically address bag limits for 

mallards. The number of breeding 

mallards in the northeastern United 

States (about two-thirds of the eastern 

mallard population in 1998) has 

decreased by about 38 percent since 

1998, and the overall population has 

declined by about 1 percent per year 

during that time period. This situation 

has resulted in reduced harvest 

potential for that population. The 

Service conducted a Prescribed Take 

Level (PTL) analysis to estimate the 

allowable take (kill rate) for eastern 

mallards and compared that with the 

expected kill rate under the most liberal 

season length (60 days) considered as 

part of the eastern waterfowl AHM 

regulatory alternatives. 

Using contemporary data and 

assuming a management objective of 

maximum long-term sustainable 

harvest, the PTL analysis estimated an 

allowable kill rate of 0.194–0.198. The 

expected kill rate for eastern mallards 

under a 60-day season and a 2-mallard 

daily bag limit in the U.S. portion of the 

Atlantic Flyway was 0.193 (SE = 0.016), 

which is slightly below (but not 

significantly different from) the point 

estimate of allowable kill at maximum 

long-term sustainable harvest. This 

estimate indicates that a 2-bird daily bag 

limit is sustainable at this time. 

2. Sea Ducks 

Council Recommendations: The 

Atlantic Flyway Council recommended 

three changes to the sea duck hunting 

regulations in the Atlantic Flyway: (1) 

Elimination of the special sea duck 

season; (2) reduction of the sea duck 

daily bag limit within the regular duck 

season to 4 sea ducks of which no more 

than 3 may be scoters, long-tailed ducks, 

or eiders, and no more than 1 may be 

a female eider; and (3) retention of the 

exception that allows shooting of 

crippled waterfowl from a boat under 

power in the currently defined special 

sea duck areas in the Atlantic Flyway. 

These recommendations were consistent 

with the recommendations presented by 

the Atlantic Flyway Council during the 

April 6, 2021, SRC meeting for initial 

discussion. We announced these 

possible changes to sea duck hunting 

regulations in the Atlantic Flyway in the 

August 31, 2021, proposed rule to allow 

the greatest opportunity for public 

review and comment. 

Service Response: We agree with the 

Atlantic Flyway Council’s 

recommendations for the sea duck 

harvest regulations in the Atlantic 

Flyway. Special season regulations are 

used to provide additional hunting 

opportunity for species considered to be 

underutilized. We have authorized a 

special sea duck season (including 

eiders, long-tailed duck, and scoters) in 

the Atlantic Flyway since 1938. By 

1973, 13 of the 17 Atlantic Flyway 

States allowed special seasons 

consisting of 107 days with a daily bag 

limit of 7 sea ducks. We reduced the 

scoter daily bag limit to 4 ducks in 1993. 

In 2016, we reduced the season length 

from 107 to 60 days and the daily bag 

limit from 6 to 5 sea ducks of which no 

more than 4 may be eiders, long-tailed 

ducks, or scoters. We anticipated the 

2016 restrictions would reduce average 

annual sea duck harvest by 

approximately 25 percent compared to 

average annual harvest during the 

period 2011–2015. See the March 28, 

2016, Federal Register (81 FR 17305) for 

a discussion of the Sea Duck Harvest 

Potential Assessment completed at that 

time. 

The changes to the 2016 Atlantic 

Flyway sea duck regulations did not 

achieve the target reduction in total sea 

duck harvest. Therefore, we are 

supportive of the changes recommended 

by the Atlantic Flyway Council due to 

the continued concern regarding the 

status and trends of sea duck 

populations in the Atlantic Flyway, and 

our desire to reduce sea duck harvest in 

the Atlantic Flyway below the average 

annual harvest observed during 2011– 

2015. Regarding existing regulation that 

allows shooting of crippled waterfowl 

from a boat under power in the 

currently defined special sea duck area, 

the purpose of this regulation is to 

protect human safety and minimize 

duck crippling loss associated with 

hunting ducks at sea in the Atlantic 

Flyway. 

3. Mergansers 

Council Recommendations: The 

Atlantic Flyway Council recommended 

removing the species-specific restriction 

of two hooded mergansers beginning 

with the 2022–23 season. Hooded 

mergansers would become part of an 

aggregate merganser (common, redbreasted, and hooded) bag limit. The 

Mississippi Flyway Council supported 

the recommendation if an evaluation 

was conducted to determine the effects 

of the change on merganser populations 

and harvest. 

Written Comments: The Central 

Flyway Council noted that their 

recommendation on the merganser bag 

limit presented to and approved by the 

SRC on September 28–29, 2021, was not 

reflected in the February 2, 2022, 

proposed rule for the 2022–2023 season. 

The Central Flyway Council 

recommended eliminating the separate 

merganser bag limit of 5 birds, of which 

no more than 2 may be hooded 

mergansers, and including mergansers 

in the general duck season bag limit of 

6 ducks (including mergansers in the 

aggregate) with no merganser speciesspecific bag limit restrictions. 

Service Response: We agree with the 

Atlantic Flyway Council 

recommendation to remove the 2 

hooded merganser daily bag limit and 

implementation of an aggregate 

merganser bag (common, red-breasted, 

and hooded) beginning with the 2022 

season. The Service also agrees with the 

recommendation from the Mississippi 

Flyway Council that the Atlantic 

Flyway Council should conduct an 

evaluation of the regulation change on 

merganser populations and harvest. 

This assessment should be conducted 

following the completion of the 2024–25 

season. 

Also, we agree with the Central 

Flyway Council’s recommendation to 

eliminate the separate merganser daily 

bag limit of 5 birds and include 

mergansers in the general duck season 

bag limit of 6 birds in the aggregate with 

no merganser species-specific bag limit 

restrictions. This is more liberal in that 

it removes the species-specific 

restriction of two hooded mergansers in 

the daily bag limit, but is more 

restrictive in that mergansers would be 

part of an aggregate 6-bird daily bag 

limit with ducks rather than allowing a 

5-bird merganser daily bag limit in 

addition to a 6-bird duck daily bag limit. 

We expect this to have negligible impact 

to hooded and other merganser 

population status. It will reduce 

potential overall duck and merganser 

harvest, and States already have the 

option of including mergansers in the 

duck bag limit of 6 birds in the 

aggregate. Also, this change will result 

in more simple duck (including 

merganser) hunting regulations and be 

more consistent across States split 

between the Central and Pacific 

Flyways. 


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4. Canada and Cackling Geese 

B. Regular Seasons 

Council Recommendations: The 

Atlantic Flyway Council recommended 

three changes to the dark goose season 

framework in the Atlantic Flyway 

including: 

1. Adopting the restrictive regulatory 

option as described in the Atlantic 

Flyway Council’s Atlantic Population 

(AP) Canada Geese Harvest Strategy (30- 

day season between December 25 

through January 25 with a daily bag 

limit of 1 goose) for all AP Canada geese 

zones in the U.S. portion of the Atlantic 

Flyway, including North Carolina; 

2. The addition of a special late 

season in Vermont, the Lake Champlain 

Zone of New York, and the AP Canada 

geese zones in Connecticut and 

Massachusetts. The season may be 

December 1–February 15 in Vermont 

and the Lake Champlain Zone of New 

York, and December 15–February 15 in 

the AP Canada geese zones of 

Connecticut and Massachusetts. The 

daily bag limit is 5 geese; and 

3. Eliminating the Southern James Bay 

Population (SJBP) of Canada geese zone 

in Pennsylvania with this area becoming 

part of Pennsylvania’s Atlantic Flyway 

Resident Population (RP) of Canada 

geese zone. 

The Pacific Flyway Council 

recommended several changes to the 

Canada and cackling goose and brant 

season framework in the Pacific Flyway. 

Specifically: 

1. Increasing the daily bag limit for 

Canada and cackling geese and brant in 

Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, 

Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and 

Wyoming from 4 to 5 geese in the 

aggregate; 

2. Changing the closing date for 

Canada and cackling geese and brant in 

Utah’s Wasatch Front Zone from the 

first Sunday in February to February 15; 

3. Approving a 3-segment season 

option for Canada and cackling geese in 

California’s Balance of State Zone; and 

4. Decreasing the daily bag limit for 

Canada and cackling geese in 

Washington’s Southwest Permit Zone 

and Oregon’s Northwest Permit Zone 

from 4 to 3 geese in the aggregate. 

Written Comments: The Atlantic 

Flyway Council noted the February 2, 

2022, proposed frameworks (87 FR 

5946) incorrectly listed the season dates 

for AP Canada geese zones as between 

December 25 through January 25 for all 

AP Canada geese zones. The Atlantic 

Flyway Council requested the text be 

revised to reflect the correct framework 

dates as: 

New England (CT, MA, VT) and Lake 

Champlain Zone of New York: October 

10–February 5; 

Mid-Atlantic (NJ, NY, PA): fourth 

Saturday in October–February 5; 

Chesapeake (DE, MD, VA): November 

15–February 5; and 

North Carolina (Northeast Unit): the 

Saturday prior to December 25–January 

31. 

Service Response: We agree with the 

Atlantic Flyway Council’s three 

recommended changes to the Canada 

and cackling goose season framework in 

the Atlantic Flyway. The Service and 

Atlantic Flyway Council have been 

concerned with the status of AP Canada 

geese for several years, and the 

restrictive regulatory alternative is 

commensurate with the population’s 

status. More specifically, AP Canada 

geese declined in abundance 

precipitously (from 118,000 to 34,000 

breeding pairs) between 1988 and 1995, 

due to high harvest pressure and poor 

production. Hunting season restrictions 

were enacted in response to the decline. 

These restrictions and several years of 

favorable nesting conditions and good 

gosling production resulted in a rapid 

recovery of the population, and by 2002, 

the breeding pair estimate had 

rebounded to 182,000. For the next 15 

years, pair counts remained relatively 

stable, fluctuating between 161,000 and 

216,000 breeding pairs. However, in the 

2018 breeding season, the breeding pair 

estimate dropped abruptly to 112,000, 

and gosling productivity was almost 

nonexistent. The 2019 breeding pair 

estimate was statistically similar to 

2018, and productivity was near the 

long-term average. No breeding pair 

survey was conducted in 2020 or 2021, 

due to logistical constraints arising from 

the coronavirus pandemic. 

In 2021, the Atlantic Flyway Council, 

in collaboration with the Service, 

updated their 2013 harvest strategy for 

AP Canada geese. The revision 

incorporated several additional years of 

experience on effects of contemporary 

harvest regulations on AP Canada geese 

abundance and recent advances in 

population modeling and other 

analytical tools. The harvest strategy 

supports the Council’s 2008 

management plan for AP Canada geese 

and is consistent with the overarching 

goal of the plan: To maintain AP Canada 

geese and their habitats at a level that 

provides optimum opportunities for 

people to use and enjoy geese on a 

sustainable basis. 

Regarding the additional special late 

seasons in three areas, these areas 

account for a small proportion of the AP 

Canada goose harvest. Since 1999, the 

New England region (including AP, 

NAP, and RP Canada goose zones) has 

accounted for only 1.3 percent of all AP 

Canada goose band recoveries. The 

special late season occurs after most AP 

Canada geese have migrated from the 

region (early to mid-December). The 

objective of the special late season is to 

increase harvest of RP Canada geese 

while minimizing impacts to AP Canada 

geese. An existing late special season 

with a similar objective has been 

allowed in parts of New Jersey since 

1994. The additional special late 

seasons will provide increased 

opportunity for hunters and an 

additional tool for State agencies to 

manage resident populations of geese. 

Regarding the Council’s 

recommendation to eliminate the SJBP 

Canada geese zone in Pennsylvania, the 

SJBP of Canada geese is no longer 

recognized as a separate population by 

the Service or the Atlantic and 

Mississippi Flyway Councils. The SJBP 

of Canada geese is now considered part 

of the larger Southern Hudson Bay 

Population (SHBP) of Canada geese, 

which is monitored and managed 

according to the Mississippi Flyway 

Council’s management plan. 

Elimination of the SJBP Canada geese 

zone in Pennsylvania and incorporation 

of this area into the RP Canada geese 

zone will expose Canada geese in the 

area to slightly more liberal regulations 

but will not appreciably increase 

harvest of AP Canada geese. This change 

will simplify regulations, provide 

increased hunting opportunity, and 

provide increased opportunity to 

manage resident population of geese. 

We agree with the Pacific Flyway 

Council’s recommendation to increase 

the daily bag limit for Canada and 

cackling geese and brant in Arizona, 

Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New 

Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming from 4 to 

5 geese in the aggregate. Cackling geese 

and brant are uncommon in interior 

States in the Pacific Flyway. The basic 

goose season framework for the Pacific 

Flyway includes these species in an 

aggregate bag limit for interior States 

because of the difficulty in hunter 

differentiation of these species and 

because harvest of cackling geese and 

brant is negligible to their population 

status. The western Canada goose is the 

primary subspecies of Canada goose 

occurring in interior States in the Pacific 

Flyway. There are two populations of 

western Canada goose in the Pacific 

Flyway: Rocky Mountain Population 

(RMP) and Pacific Population (PP). The 

most recent 3-year (2017–2019) average 

population estimate for RMP western 

Canada geese is 205,338 and is well 

above the Council’s population 

objective of 117,000 geese. Similarly, 


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the most recent 3-year (2017–2019) 

average population estimate for PP 

western Canada geese is 330,725 and is 

well above the Council’s population 

objective of about 120,000 geese. Since 

1970, western Canada goose abundance 

in the Pacific Flyway has increased 5.4 

percent per year based on the Waterfowl 

Breeding Population and Habitat 

Survey. The Pacific Flyway Council’s 

management plans for PP and RMP 

Canada geese prescribe liberalized 

hunting seasons when population status 

is over objective levels. The change will 

simplify regulations in States split into 

two flyways (i.e., Colorado, Montana, 

Wyoming, and New Mexico). Currently, 

there is a daily bag limit of 4 geese in 

the Pacific Flyway portions of these 

States and 5 geese in the Central Flyway 

portions. 

We also agree with the Council’s 

recommendation to change the closing 

date for Canada and cackling geese and 

brant in Utah’s Wasatch Front Zone 

from the first Sunday in February to 

February 15. The western Canada goose 

is the primary subspecies of Canada 

goose in Utah. Abundance of RMP 

Canada geese is well above the 

Council’s population objective (see 

above). The Utah Division of Wildlife 

Resources has been collecting data on 

Canada geese in urban areas along the 

Wasatch Front (i.e., Salt Lake, Weber, 

Davis, and Utah Counties) since 2006. 

Data indicate abundance of urban geese 

has increased up to about 10,000 geese. 

Approximately 58.3 percent of all 

resident RMP Canada geese banded in 

Utah are harvested during the last 3 

weeks of the season in the Wasatch 

Front Zone. Allowing a later closing 

date will provide additional flexibility 

to the State to address increasing 

depredation and nuisance complaints 

associated with Canada geese in urban 

areas and provide hunting opportunity. 

We also agree with the Council’s 

recommendation to allow a 3-segment 

split hunting season for Canada and 

cackling geese in California’s Balance of 

State Zone. Current frameworks allow a 

3-segment split for Canada and cackling 

geese, but this arrangement requires 

Pacific Flyway Council and Service 

approval and a 3-year evaluation by 

each participating State. The primary 

subspecies of white-cheeked geese in 

California are the western Canada goose 

and Aleutian cackling goose. The 

current 3-year (2019–2021) average 

population estimate for Aleutian 

cackling geese is 168,009 and is well 

above the Council’s population 

objective of 60,000 geese. Similarly, 

abundance of PP Canada geese is well 

above the Council’s population 

objective (see above). Allowing the 

Canada and cackling geese season to be 

split into 3 segments will provide 

additional flexibility to the State to 

address increasing depredation and 

nuisance complaints associated with 

Canada and cackling geese and provide 

hunting opportunity. In addition, a 3- 

segment season will be consistent with 

the current light goose and whitefronted goose seasons in California’s 

Balance of State Zone, which will help 

simplify regulations. 

Finally, we also agree with the 

Council’s recommendation that the 

daily bag limit for Canada and cackling 

geese in Washington’s Southwest Permit 

Zone and Oregon’s Northwest Permit 

Zone be reduced from 4 to 3 geese in the 

aggregate. The most recent 3-year (2018, 

2019, 2021) average of available fall 

projected population estimates for 

minima cackling geese is 206,763 and is 

below the Council’s population 

objective of 250,000 ± 10 percent 

(225,000–275,000). Band recovery data 

from hunter harvest of minima cackling 

geese indicate that most (77 percent) of 

the fall-winter harvest occurs in 

northwest Oregon and southwest 

Washington, and the next highest 

harvest area (6 percent) is western 

Alaska (Units 9, 17, and 18). 

Accordingly, the Pacific Flyway Council 

also recommended that the daily bag 

limit for Canada and cackling geese in 

parts of Alaska be reduced from 6 to 4 

geese in the aggregate. The decrease in 

the daily bag limits is specifically 

intended to maintain objective 

abundance of minima cackling geese 

and is consistent with the Council’s 

harvest strategy for these birds. 

Regarding the Atlantic Flyway 

Council’s request for correction to 

frameworks dates for AP Canada geese, 

we have made the suggested corrections. 

The changes correspond to the season 

dates and structure identified in the 

Atlantic Flyway Council’s AP Canada 

geese harvest strategy and have been 

supported by the SRC. 

6. Brant 

Council Recommendations: The 

Pacific Flyway Council recommended 

that the 2022–23 brant season 

frameworks be determined based on the 

harvest strategy in the Council’s 

management plan for the Pacific 

population of brant pending results of 

the 2022 Winter Brant Survey (WBS). If 

results of the 2022 WBS are not 

available, results of the most recent 

WBS should be used. 

Service Response: We agree with the 

Pacific Flyway Council’s 

recommendation. As we discussed in 

the August 21, 2020, Federal Register 

(85 FR 51854), the harvest strategy used 

to determine the Pacific brant season 

frameworks does not fit well within the 

current regulatory process. In 

developing the annual proposed 

frameworks for Pacific brant, the Pacific 

Flyway Council and the Service use the 

3-year average number of brant counted 

during the WBS in the Pacific Flyway to 

determine annual allowable season 

length and daily bag limits. The WBS is 

conducted each January, which is after 

the date that proposed frameworks are 

formulated in the regulatory process. 

However, the data are typically 

available by the expected publication of 

these final frameworks. When we 

acquire the survey data, we determine 

the appropriate allowable harvest for the 

Pacific brant season according to the 

harvest strategy in the Pacific Flyway 

Council’s management plan for the 

Pacific population of brant published in 

the August 21, 2020, Federal Register 

(see 85 FR 51861). 

The recent 3-year average (2020–2022) 

WBS count of Pacific brant was 150,717. 

Based on the harvest strategy, the 

appropriate season length and daily bag 

limit framework for Pacific brant in the 

2022–23 season is a 107-day season 

with a 4-bird daily bag limit in Alaska, 

and a 37-day season with a 2-bird daily 

bag limit in California, Oregon, and 

Washington. 

8. Swans 

Council Recommendations: The 

Atlantic Flyway Council recommended 

the initial allocation of swan hunting 

permits of 347 in Delaware, 4,721 in 

North Carolina, and 532 in Virginia 

(5,600 total) for the 2022–23 seasons 

and allowing unissued swan hunting 

permits to be reallocated to States 

within the Atlantic Flyway. 

Service Response: We agree with the 

Atlantic Flyway Council’s 

recommendations for changes to the 

swan hunting permit allocation in the 

Atlantic Flyway. In 2021, the Atlantic 

Flyway Council updated an assessment 

to allocate allowable tundra swan 

hunting permits among States in the 

Atlantic Flyway based on the 

distribution of tundra swans from the 3 

most recent Mid-winter Survey counts. 

The permit allocation is reevaluated 

every 3 years. The evaluation in 2021 

provided that the 3-year (2019–2021) 

average distribution of tundra swan 

abundance during the Mid-winter 

Survey was 6.2 percent in Delaware, 

84.3 percent in North Carolina, and 9.5 

percent in Virginia. Given the current 

allowable harvest of 5,600 tundra swans 

in the Atlantic Flyway, again the 

Council’s recommended allocation of 

swan hunting permits is 347 in 

Delaware, 4,721 in North Carolina, and 


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532 in Virginia. This is a minor change 

from the 2021 season permit allocation, 

which was 67 in Delaware, 4,895 in 

North Carolina, and 638 in Virginia. 

Distributing allowable tundra swan 

harvest among States based on the 

distribution of tundra swans during 

winter is consistent with the Atlantic, 

Mississippi, Central, and Pacific Flyway 

Council’s management plan for the 

Eastern Population (EP) of tundra swans 

and provides equitable hunting 

opportunity among States. Finally, a 

State may have insufficient applicants 

to issue all available swan hunting 

permits. The swan season framework 

currently allows a second permit to be 

issued to hunters from unissued permits 

remaining after the first drawing. 

Should permits still remain unissued, 

any portion of these unused permits 

would be available for temporary 

redistribution to other States with swan 

seasons in the flyway. This procedure is 

consistent with the Councils’ 

management plan for EP tundra swans, 

provides the greatest tundra swan 

hunting opportunity, and maintains 

harvest within allowable limits for the 

population and within each flyway. 

9. Sandhill Cranes 

Council Recommendations: The 

Mississippi Flyway Council 

recommended a 1-year extension to the 

3-year (2019, 2020, and 2021) 

experimental sandhill crane season in 

Alabama. The Central and Pacific 

Flyway Councils recommended that 

allowable harvest of Rocky Mountain 

Population (RMP) of cranes be 

determined based on the formula 

described in the Pacific and Central 

Flyway Councils’ Management Plan for 

RMP cranes pending results of the fall 

2021 abundance and recruitment 

surveys. 

Service Response: We agree with the 

Mississippi Flyway Council’s 

recommendation for a 1-year extension 

to the 3-year (2019, 2020, and 2021) 

experimental sandhill crane season in 

Alabama. As we provided above under 

Process for Establishing Annual 

Migratory Game Bird Hunting 

Regulations, we now develop proposed 

hunting season frameworks for a given 

year in the fall of the prior year. 

According to the Eastern Population 

Sandhill Crane Management Plan and 

Memorandum of Agreement between 

the Service and Atlantic Flyway 

Council, 3 years of data are needed for 

evaluation before experimental seasons 

can be approved as operational. 

Alabama administered the third year of 

an experimental sandhill crane season 

during the 2021 hunting season and has 

only 2 years of data to evaluate at the 

time we proposed regulations for the 

2022–23 season. Approval of an 

additional year for the 3-year 

experimental sandhill crane season in 

Alabama allows the season to continue 

during the 2022 hunting season when 3 

years of experimental season data will 

be available and allow consideration of 

an operational season beginning with 

the 2023 hunting season. 

We agree with the Central and Pacific 

Flyway Councils’ recommendations to 

determine allowable harvest of RMP 

cranes using the formula in the Pacific 

and Central Flyway Councils’ 

management plan for RMP cranes 

pending results of the fall 2021 

abundance and recruitment surveys. As 

we discussed in the March 28, 2016, 

Federal Register (81 FR 17302), the 

harvest strategy used to calculate the 

allowable harvest of RMP cranes does 

not fit well within the current regulatory 

process. In developing the annual 

proposed frameworks for RMP cranes, 

the Flyway Councils and the Service use 

the fall abundance and recruitment 

surveys of RMP cranes to determine 

annual allowable harvest. Results of the 

fall abundance and recruitment surveys 

of RMP cranes are released between 

December 1 and January 31 each year, 

which is after the date proposed 

frameworks are developed. However, 

the data are typically available by the 

expected publication of these final 

frameworks. When we acquire the 

survey data, we determine the 

appropriate allowable harvest for the 

RMP crane season according to the 

harvest strategy in the Central and 

Pacific Flyway Councils’ management 

plan for RMP cranes published in the 

March 28, 2016, Federal Register (see 

81 FR 17307). 

The 2021 fall RMP crane abundance 

estimate was 23,963 cranes, resulting in 

a 3-year (2019–2021) average of 23,630 

cranes, similar to the previous 3-year 

average, which was 22,909 cranes. The 

RMP crane recruitment estimate was 

8.75 percent young in the fall 

population, resulting in a 3-year (2019– 

2021) average of 9.12 percent, which is 

higher than the previous 3-year average 

of 8.25 percent. Using the current 

harvest strategy and the above most 

recent 3-year average abundance and 

recruitment estimates, the allowable 

harvest for the 2022–23 season is 2,778 

cranes. 

16. Doves 

Council Recommendations: The 

Atlantic, Mississippi, Central, and 

Pacific Flyway Councils recommended 

adoption of the standard regulatory 

alternative as prescribed in the national 

mourning dove harvest strategy for their 

respective Mourning Dove Management 

Units. The standard regulatory 

alternative consists of a 90-day season 

and 15-bird daily bag limit for States 

within the Eastern and Central 

Management Units, and a 60-day season 

and 15-bird daily bag limit for States in 

the Western Management Unit. 

Service Response: Based on the 

harvest strategies and current 

population status, we agree with the 

recommended selection of the standard 

season frameworks for doves in the 

Eastern, Central, and Western 

Management Units for the 2022–23 

season. 

17. Alaska 

Council Recommendations: The 

Pacific Flyway Council recommended 

that the daily bag limit for Canada and 

cackling geese (i.e., minima cackling 

geese) be reduced from 6 to 4 geese in 

the aggregate in Units 9, 17, and 18. 

Service Response: We agree with the 

Pacific Flyway Council’s 

recommendation. The most recent 3- 

year (2018, 2019, 2021) average of 

available fall projected population 

estimates for minima cackling geese is 

206,763 and is below the Council’s 

population objective of 250,000 ± 10 

percent (225,000–275,000). Band 

recovery data from hunter harvest of 

minima cackling geese indicates that 

most (77 percent) of the fall-winter 

harvest occurs in northwest Oregon and 

southwest Washington, and the next 

highest harvest area (6 percent) is 

western Alaska (Units 9, 17, and 18). 

Accordingly, the Pacific Flyway Council 

also recommended that the daily bag 

limit for Canada and cackling geese in 

parts of Oregon and Washington be 

reduced from 4 to 3 geese in the 

aggregate. The decrease in the daily bag 

limits is specifically intended to 

maintain objective abundance of 

minima cackling geese and is consistent 

with the Council’s harvest strategy for 

these birds. 

Required Determinations 

National Environmental Policy Act 

(NEPA) Consideration 

The programmatic document, 

‘‘Second Final Supplemental 

Environmental Impact Statement: 

Issuance of Annual Regulations 

Permitting the Sport Hunting of 

Migratory Birds (EIS 20130139),’’ filed 

with the Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA) on May 24, 2013, 

addresses NEPA compliance by the 

Service for issuance of the annual 

framework regulations for hunting of 

migratory game bird species. We 

published a notice of availability in the 


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Federal Register on May 31, 2013 (78 

FR 32686), and our Record of Decision 

on July 26, 2013 (78 FR 45376). We also 

address NEPA compliance for waterfowl 

hunting frameworks through the annual 

preparation of separate environmental 

assessments, the most recent being 

‘‘Duck Hunting Regulations for 2021– 

22,’’ with its corresponding March 2021 

finding of no significant impact. In 

addition, an August 1985 environmental 

assessment entitled ‘‘Guidelines for 

Migratory Bird Hunting Regulations on 

Federal Indian Reservations and Ceded 

Lands’’ is available from the person 

listed above under the caption FOR

FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT. 

Endangered Species Act Consideration 

Section 7 of the Endangered Species 

Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 

et seq.), provides that the Secretary shall 

insure that any action authorized, 

funded, or carried out is not likely to 

jeopardize the continued existence of 

any endangered species or threatened 

species or result in the destruction or 

adverse modification of critical habitat. 

After we published the August 31, 2021, 

proposed rule, we conducted formal 

consultations to ensure that actions 

resulting from these regulations would 

not likely jeopardize the continued 

existence of endangered or threatened 

species or result in the destruction or 

adverse modification of their critical 

habitat. Findings from these 

consultations are included in a 

biological opinion, which concluded 

that the regulations are not likely to 

jeopardize the continued existence of 

any endangered or threatened species. 

The biological opinion resulting from 

this section 7 consultation is available 

for public inspection at the address 

indicated under ADDRESSES. 

Regulatory Planning and Review— 

Executive Orders 12866 and 13563 

Executive Order (E.O.) 12866 provides 

that the Office of Information and 

Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) will review 

all significant rules. OIRA has reviewed 

this rule and has determined that this 

rule is significant because it would have 

an annual effect of $100 million or more 

on the economy. 

E.O. 13563 reaffirms the principles of 

E.O. 12866 while calling for 

improvements in the nation’s regulatory 

system to promote predictability, to 

reduce uncertainty, and to use the best, 

most innovative, and least burdensome 

tools for achieving regulatory ends. E.O. 

13563 directs agencies to consider 

regulatory approaches that reduce 

burdens and maintain flexibility and 

freedom of choice for the public where 

these approaches are relevant, feasible, 

and consistent with regulatory 

objectives. E.O. 13563 emphasizes 

further that regulations must be based 

on the best available science and that 

the rulemaking process must allow for 

public participation and an open 

exchange of ideas. We have developed 

this rule in a manner consistent with 

these requirements. 

An economic analysis was prepared 

for the 2022–23 migratory bird hunting 

season. This analysis was based on data 

from the 2016 National Survey of 

Fishing, Hunting, and WildlifeAssociated Recreation (National 

Survey), the most recent year for which 

data are available (see discussion under 

Regulatory Flexibility Act, below). This 

analysis estimated consumer surplus for 

three alternatives for duck hunting 

regulations. As defined by the U.S. 

Office of Management and Budget in 

Circular A–4, consumers’ surplus is the 

difference between what a consumer 

pays for a unit of a good or service and 

the maximum amount the consumer 

would be willing to pay for that unit. 

The duck hunting regulatory 

alternatives are (1) issue restrictive 

regulations allowing fewer days than 

those issued during the 2021–22 season, 

(2) issue moderate regulations allowing 

more days than those in Alternative 1, 

and (3) issue liberal regulations similar 

to the regulations in the 2021–22 

season. For the 2021–22 season, we 

chose Alternative 3, with an estimated 

consumer surplus across all flyways of 

$270–$358 million with a mid-point 

estimate of $314 million. We also chose 

Alternative 3 for the 2009–10 through 

2020–21 seasons. The 2022–23 analysis 

is part of the record for this rule and is 

available at https://www.regulations.gov 

at Docket No. FWS–HQ–MB–2021– 

0057. 

Regulatory Flexibility Act 

The annual migratory bird hunting 

regulations have a significant economic 

impact on substantial numbers of small 

entities under the Regulatory Flexibility 

Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.). We prepare 

regulatory flexibility analyses, updated 

annually, to analyze the economic 

impacts of the annual hunting 

regulations on small business entities. 

The primary source of information 

about hunter expenditures for migratory 

game bird hunting is the National 

Survey, which is generally conducted at 

5-year intervals. The 2021 analysis is 

based on the 2016 National Survey and 

the U.S. Department of Commerce’s 

County Business Patterns, from which it 

is estimated that migratory bird hunters 

would spend approximately $2.2 billion 

at small businesses in 2022. Copies of 

the analysis are available upon request 

from the person listed above under the 

caption FOR FURTHER INFORMATION

CONTACT, or from https://

www.regulations.gov at Docket No. 

FWS–HQ–MB–2021–0057. 

Small Business Regulatory Enforcement 

Fairness Act 

This rule is a major rule under 5 

U.S.C. 804(2), the Small Business 

Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act. 

For the reasons outlined above, this rule 

will have an annual effect on the 

economy of $100 million or more. 

However, because this rule establishes 

hunting seasons, which are time 

sensitive, we do not plan to defer the 

effective date under the exemption 

contained in 5 U.S.C. 808(1). 

Paperwork Reduction Act 

This rule does not contain any new 

collection of information that requires 

approval by the Office of Management 

and Budget (OMB) under the Paperwork 

Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 

et seq.). OMB has previously approved 

the information collection requirements 

associated with migratory bird surveys 

and the procedures for establishing 

annual migratory bird hunting seasons 

under the following OMB control 

numbers: 

• 1018–0019, ‘‘North American 

Woodcock Singing Ground Survey’’ 

(expires 02/29/2024). 

• 1018–0023, ‘‘Migratory Bird 

Surveys, 50 CFR 20.20’’ (expires 04/30/ 

2023). Includes Migratory Bird Harvest 

Information Program, Migratory Bird 

Hunter Surveys, Sandhill Crane Survey, 

and Parts Collection Survey. 

• 1018–0171, ‘‘Establishment of 

Annual Migratory Bird Hunting 

Seasons, 50 CFR part 20’’ (expires 10/ 

31/2024). 

You may view the information 

collection request(s) at http://

www.reginfo.gov/public/do/PRAMain. 

An agency may not conduct or sponsor, 

and a person is not required to respond 

to, a collection of information unless it 

displays a currently valid OMB control 

number. 

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act 

We have determined and certify, in 

compliance with the requirements of the 

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act, 2 

U.S.C. 1502 et seq., that this rulemaking 

will not impose a cost of $100 million 

or more in any given year on local or 

State government or private entities. 

Therefore, this rule is not a ‘‘significant 

regulatory action’’ under the Unfunded 

Mandates Reform Act. 


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Civil Justice Reform—Executive Order 

12988 

The Department, in promulgating this 

rule, has determined that this rule will 

not unduly burden the judicial system 

and that it meets the requirements of 

sections 3(a) and 3(b)(2) of E.O. 12988. 

Takings Implication Assessment 

In accordance with E.O. 12630, this 

rule, authorized by the Migratory Bird 

Treaty Act, does not have significant 

takings implications and does not affect 

any constitutionally protected property 

rights. This rule will not result in the 

physical occupancy of property, the 

physical invasion of property, or the 

regulatory taking of any property. In 

fact, this rule will allow hunters to 

exercise otherwise unavailable 

privileges and, therefore, will reduce 

restrictions on the use of private and 

public property. 

Energy Effects—Executive Order 13211 

E.O. 13211 requires agencies to 

prepare statements of energy effects 

when undertaking certain actions. 

While this rule is a significant 

regulatory action under E.O. 12866, it is 

not expected to adversely affect energy 

supplies, distribution, or use. Therefore, 

this action is not a significant energy 

action and no statement of energy 

effects is required. 

Government-to-Government 

Relationship With Tribes 

In accordance with the President’s 

memorandum of April 29, 1994, 

‘‘Government-to-Government Relations 

with Native American Tribal 

Governments’’ (59 FR 22951), E.O. 

13175, and 512 DM 2, we have 

evaluated possible effects on Federally 

recognized Indian Tribes and have 

determined that there are de minimis 

effects on Indian trust resources. Tribal 

proposals are contained in separate 

rulemaking documents. Through this 

process to establish annual hunting 

regulations, we regularly coordinate 

with Tribes that are affected by this rule. 

Federalism Effects 

Due to the migratory nature of certain 

species of birds, the Federal 

Government has been given 

responsibility over these species by the 

Migratory Bird Treaty Act. We annually 

prescribe frameworks from which the 

States make selections regarding the 

hunting of migratory birds, and we 

employ guidelines to establish special 

regulations on Federal Indian 

reservations and ceded lands. This 

process preserves the ability of the 

States and Tribes to determine which 

seasons meet their individual needs. 

Any State or Tribe may be more 

restrictive in its regulations than the 

Federal frameworks at any time. The 

frameworks are developed in a 

cooperative process with the States and 

the Flyway Councils. This process 

allows States to participate in the 

development of frameworks from which 

they make selections, thereby having an 

influence on their own regulations. 

These rules do not have a substantial 

direct effect on fiscal capacity, change 

the roles or responsibilities of Federal or 

State governments, or intrude on State 

policy or administration. Therefore, in 

accordance with E.O. 13132, these 

regulations do not have significant 

federalism effects and do not have 

sufficient federalism implications to 

warrant the preparation of a federalism 

summary impact statement. 

List of Subjects in 50 CFR Part 20 

Exports, Hunting, Imports, Reporting 

and recordkeeping requirements, 

Transportation, Wildlife. 

Final Regulations Frameworks for 

2022–23 Hunting Seasons on Certain 

Migratory Game Birds 

Pursuant to the Migratory Bird Treaty 

Act and delegated authorities, the 

Department of the Interior is 

establishing the following frameworks 

for outside dates, season lengths, 

shooting hours, bag and possession 

limits, and areas within which States 

may select seasons for hunting 

migratory game birds between the dates 

of September 1, 2022, and March 10, 

2023. These frameworks are 

summarized below. 

Table of Contents 

a. General 

i. Flyways and Management Units 

1. Waterfowl Flyways 

2. Mallard Management Units 

3. Mourning Dove Management Units 

4. Woodcock Management Regions 

ii. Definitions 

iii. Migratory Game Bird Seasons in the 

Atlantic Flyway 

b. Season Frameworks 

i. Special Youth and Veterans–Active 

Military Personnel Waterfowl Hunting 

Days 

ii. Special Early Teal Seasons 

iii. Special Early Teal–Wood Duck Seasons 

iv. Duck, Merganser, Coot and Goose 

Seasons 

1. Atlantic Flyway 

A. Duck, Merganser and Coot Seasons 

B. Special Early Canada and Cackling 

Goose Seasons 

C. Dark Goose Seasons 

D. Light Goose Seasons 

E. Brant Seasons 

2. Mississippi Flyway 

A. Duck, Merganser, and Coot Seasons 

B. Canada and Cackling Goose Seasons 

C. White-fronted Goose Seasons 

D. Brant Seasons 

E. Dark Goose Seasons 

F. Light Goose Seasons 

3. Central Flyway 

A. Duck, Merganser, and Coot Seasons 

B. Special Early Canada and Cackling 

Goose Seasons 

C. Canada Goose, Cackling Goose, and 

Brant Seasons 

D. White-fronted Goose Seasons 

E. Light Goose Seasons 

4. Pacific Flyway 

A. Duck, Merganser, Coot, and Gallinule 

Seasons 

B. Goose Seasons 

i. Special Early Canada and Cackling Goose 

Seasons 

ii. Canada Goose, Cackling Goose, and 

Brant Seasons 

iii. Brant Seasons 

iv. White-fronted Goose Seasons 

v. Light Goose Seasons 

5. Swan Seasons 

6. Sandhill Crane Seasons 

7. Gallinule Seasons 

8. Rail Seasons 

9. Snipe Seasons 

10. American Woodcock Seasons 

11. Band-tailed Pigeon Seasons 

12. Dove Seasons 

13. Alaska 

A. Duck, Goose, Sandhill Crane, and Snipe 

Seasons 

B. Tundra Swan Seasons 

14. Hawaii 

A. Mourning Dove Seasons 

15. Puerto Rico 

A. Dove and Pigeon Seasons 

B. Duck, Coot, Gallinule, and Snipe 

Seasons 

16. Virgin Islands 

A. Dove and Pigeon Seasons 

B. Duck Seasons 

17. Special Falconry Regulations 

c. Area, Unit, and Zone Descriptions 

a. General 

Outside Dates: Outside dates are the 

earliest and latest dates within which 

States may establish hunting seasons. 

All outside dates specified below are 

inclusive. 

Season Lengths: Season lengths are 

the maximum number of days hunting 

may occur within the outside dates for 

hunting seasons. Days are consecutive 

and concurrent for all species included 

in each season framework unless 

otherwise specified. 

Season Segments: Season segments 

are the maximum number of 

consecutive-day segments the season 

lengths may be divided. The sum of the 

hunting days for all season segments 

may not exceed the season lengths 

allowed. 

Zones: Unless otherwise specified, 

States may select hunting seasons by 

zones. Zones for duck seasons (and 

associated youth and veterans—active 

military waterfowl hunting days, 

gallinule seasons, and snipe seasons) 

and dove seasons may be selected only 


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in years we declare such changes can be 

made (i.e., open seasons for zones and 

splits) and according to federally 

established guidelines for duck and 

dove zones and split seasons. 

Area, Zone, and Unit Descriptions: 

Areas open to hunting must be 

described, delineated, and designated as 

such in each State’s hunting regulations, 

and, except for early teal seasons, these 

areas must also be published in the 

Federal Register as a Federal migratory 

bird hunting frameworks final rule. 

Geographic descriptions related to 

regulations are contained in a later 

portion of this document. 

Shooting and Hawking (taking by 

falconry) Hours: Unless otherwise 

specified, from one-half hour before 

sunrise to sunset daily. 

Possession Limits: Unless otherwise 

specified, possession limits are three 

times the daily bag limits. 

Permits: For some species of 

migratory birds, the Service authorizes 

the use of permits to regulate harvest or 

monitor their take by hunters, or both. 

In such cases, the Service determines 

the amount of harvest that may be taken 

during hunting seasons during its 

formal regulations-setting process, and 

the States then issue permits to hunters 

at levels predicted to result in the 

amount of take authorized by the 

Service. Thus, although issued by 

States, the permits would not be valid 

unless the Service approved such take 

in its regulations. 

These federally authorized, Stateissued permits are issued to individuals, 

and only the individual whose name 

and address appears on the permit at the 

time of issuance is authorized to take 

migratory birds at levels specified in the 

permit, in accordance with provisions of 

both Federal and State regulations 

governing the hunting season. The 

permit must be carried by the permittee 

when exercising its provisions and must 

be presented to any law enforcement 

officer upon request. The permit is not 

transferrable or assignable to another 

individual, and may not be sold, 

bartered, traded, or otherwise provided 

to another person. If the permit is 

altered or defaced in any way, the 

permit becomes invalid. 

i. Flyways and Management Units 

We generally set migratory bird 

hunting frameworks for the 

conterminous U.S. States by Flyway or 

Management Unit/Region. Frameworks 

for Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the 

Virgin Islands are contained in separate 

sections near the end of the frameworks 

portion of this document. The States 

included in the Flyways and 

Management Units/Regions are 

described below. 

1. Waterfowl Flyways 

Atlantic Flyway: Includes 

Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, 

Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New 

Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, 

North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode 

Island, South Carolina, Vermont, 

Virginia, and West Virginia. 

Mississippi Flyway: Includes 

Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, 

Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, 

Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, 

Tennessee, and Wisconsin. 

Central Flyway: Includes Colorado 

(east of the Continental Divide), Kansas, 

Montana (Counties of Blaine, Carbon, 

Fergus, Judith Basin, Stillwater, 

Sweetgrass, Wheatland, and all counties 

east thereof), Nebraska, New Mexico 

(east of the Continental Divide except 

the Jicarilla Apache Indian Reservation), 

North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, 

Texas, and Wyoming (east of the 

Continental Divide). 

Pacific Flyway: Includes Arizona, 

California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, 

Washington, and those portions of 

Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, and 

Wyoming not included in the Central 

Flyway. 

2. Mallard Management Units 

High Plains Management Unit: 

Roughly defined as that portion of the 

Central Flyway that lies west of the 

100th meridian. See c. Area, Unit, and 

Zone Descriptions, Ducks (Including 

Mergansers) and Coots, below, for 

specific boundaries in each State. 

Columbia Basin Management Unit: In 

Washington, all areas east of the Pacific 

Crest Trail and east of the Big White 

Salmon River in Klickitat County; and 

in Oregon, the counties of Gilliam, 

Morrow, and Umatilla. 

3. Mourning Dove Management Units 

Eastern Management Unit: All States 

east of the Mississippi River, and 

Louisiana. 

Central Management Unit: Arkansas, 

Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, 

Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New 

Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South 

Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. 

Western Management Unit: Arizona, 

California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, 

and Washington. 

4. Woodcock Management Regions 

Eastern Management Region: 

Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, 

Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New 

Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, 

North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode 

Island, South Carolina, Vermont, 

Virginia, and West Virginia. 

Central Management Region: 

Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, 

Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, 

Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, 

Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, 

Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, 

Texas, and Wisconsin. 

ii. Definitions 

For the purpose of the hunting 

regulations listed below, the collective 

terms ‘‘dark’’ and ‘‘light’’ geese include 

the following species: 

Dark geese: Canada geese, cackling 

geese, white-fronted geese, brant (except 

in Alaska, California, Oregon, 

Washington, and the Atlantic Flyway), 

and all other goose species except light 

geese. 

Light geese: Snow (including blue) 

geese and Ross’s geese. 

iii. Migratory Game Bird Seasons in the 

Atlantic Flyway 

In the Atlantic Flyway States of 

Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, 

Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, 

North Carolina, and Pennsylvania, 

where Sunday hunting of migratory 

birds is prohibited statewide by State 

law or regulation, all Sundays are closed 

to the take of all migratory game birds. 

b. Season Frameworks 

i. Special Youth and Veterans—Active 

Military Personnel Waterfowl Hunting 

Days 

Outside Dates and Season Lengths: 

States may select 2 days per duckhunting zone, designated as ‘‘Youth 

Waterfowl Hunting Days,’’ and 2 days 

per duck-hunting zone, designated as 

‘‘Veterans and Active Military Personnel 

Waterfowl Hunting Days,’’ in addition 

to their regular duck seasons. The days 

may be held concurrently or may be 

nonconsecutive. The Youth Waterfowl 

Hunting Days must be held outside any 

regular duck season on weekends, 

holidays, or other non-school days 

when youth hunters would have the 

maximum opportunity to participate. 

Both sets of days may be held up to 14 

days before or after any regular duckseason frameworks or within any split 

of a regular duck season, or within any 

other open season on migratory birds. 

Daily Bag Limits: The daily bag limits 

may include ducks, geese, swans, 

mergansers, coots, and gallinules. Bag 

limits are the same as those allowed in 

the regular season except in States that 

implement a hybrid season for scaup 

(i.e., different bag limits during different 

portions of the season), in which case 

the bag limit will be 2 scaup per day. 


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Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 135 / Friday, July 15, 2022 / Rules and Regulations 42609 

Flyway species and area restrictions 

would remain in effect. 

Participation Restrictions for Youth 

Waterfowl Hunting Days: States may use 

their established definition of age for 

youth hunters. However, youth hunters 

must be under the age of 18. In addition, 

an adult at least 18 years of age must 

accompany the youth hunter into the 

field. This adult may not duck hunt but 

may participate in other seasons that are 

open on the special youth day. Swans 

may be taken only by participants 

possessing applicable swan permits. 

Participation Restrictions for Veterans 

and Active Military Personnel Waterfowl 

Hunting Days: Veterans (as defined in 

section 101 of title 38, United States 

Code) and members of the Armed 

Forces on active duty, including 

members of the National Guard and 

Reserves on active duty (other than for 

training), may participate. Swans may 

be taken only by participants possessing 

applicable swan permits. 

ii. Special Early Teal Seasons 

Areas: 

Atlantic Flyway: Delaware, Florida, 

Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, 

South Carolina, and Virginia. 

Mississippi Flyway: Alabama, 

Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, 

Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, 

Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, 

Tennessee, and Wisconsin. The season 

in Minnesota is experimental. 

Central Flyway: Colorado (part), 

Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico (part), 

Oklahoma, and Texas. 

Outside Dates: September 1–30. 

Season Lengths: 16 days. 

Daily Bag Limits: 6 teal. 

Shooting Hours: One-half hour before 

sunrise to sunset, except in the States of 

Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, 

Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, 

South Carolina, and Wisconsin, where 

the hours are from sunrise to sunset. 

iii. Special Early Teal-Wood Duck 

Seasons 

Areas: Florida, Kentucky, and 

Tennessee. 

Seasons: In lieu of a special early teal 

season, a 5-consecutive-day teal-wood 

duck season may be selected in 

September. The daily bag limit may not 

exceed 6 teal and wood ducks in the 

aggregate, of which no more than 2 may 

be wood ducks. In addition, a 4- 

consecutive-day teal-only season may be 

selected in September either 

immediately before or immediately after 

the 5-day teal-wood duck season. The 

daily bag limit is 6 teal. 

iv. Duck, Merganser, Coot, and Goose 

Seasons 

1. Atlantic Flyway 

A. Duck, Merganser, and Coot Seasons 

Outside Dates: Saturday nearest 

September 24 (September 24)–January 

31. 

Season Lengths and Daily Bag Limits: 

60 days. The daily bag limit is 6 ducks, 

including no more than 2 mallards (no 

more than 1 of which can be female), 2 

black ducks, 1 pintail, 1 mottled duck, 

1 fulvous whistling duck, 3 wood ducks, 

2 redheads, 2 canvasbacks, and 4 sea 

ducks (including no more than 3 

scoters, 3 long-tailed ducks, or 3 eiders 

and no more than 1 female eider). The 

season for scaup may be split into 2 

segments, with one segment consisting 

of 40 consecutive days with a 1-scaup 

daily bag limit, and the second segment 

consisting of 20 consecutive days with 

a 2-scaup daily bag limit. The daily bag 

limit of mergansers is 5. In States that 

include mergansers in the duck bag 

limit, the daily limit is the same as the 

duck bag limit. The daily bag limit of 

coots is 15. 

Closed Seasons: There is no open 

season on the harlequin duck. 

Zones and Split Seasons: Delaware, 

Florida, Georgia, Rhode Island, South 

Carolina, and West Virginia may split 

their seasons into 3 segments. Maine, 

Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New 

Jersey, and Vermont may select seasons 

in each of 3 zones; Pennsylvania may 

select seasons in each of 4 zones; New 

York may select seasons in each of 5 

zones; and all these States may split 

their season in each zone into 2 

segments. Connecticut, Maryland, North 

Carolina, and Virginia may select 

seasons in each of 2 zones; and all these 

States may split their season in each 

zone into 3 segments. Connecticut, 

Maryland, North Carolina, and Virginia 

must conduct an evaluation of the 

impacts of zones and splits on hunter 

dynamics (e.g., hunter numbers, 

satisfaction) and harvest during the 

2021–25 seasons. 

Special Provisions: The seasons, 

limits, and shooting hours should be the 

same between New York’s Lake 

Champlain Zone and Vermont’s Lake 

Champlain Zone, and between 

Vermont’s Connecticut River Zone and 

New Hampshire’s Inland Zone. 

A craft under power may be used to 

shoot and retrieve dead or crippled 

birds in the Sea Duck Area in the 

Atlantic Flyway. The Sea Duck Area 

includes all coastal waters and all 

waters of rivers and streams seaward 

from the first upstream bridge in Maine, 

New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode 

Island, Connecticut, and New York; in 

New Jersey, all coastal waters seaward 

from the International Regulations for 

Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGS) 

Demarcation Lines shown on National 

Oceanic and Atmospheric 

Administration (NOAA) Nautical Charts 

and further described in 33 CFR 80.165, 

80.501, 80.502, and 80.503; in any 

waters of the Atlantic Ocean and in any 

tidal waters of any bay that are 

separated by at least 1 mile of open 

water from any shore, island, and 

emergent vegetation in South Carolina 

and Georgia; and in any waters of the 

Atlantic Ocean and in any tidal waters 

of any bay that are separated by at least 

800 yards of open water from any shore, 

island, and emergent vegetation in 

Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, 

and Virginia; and provided that any 

such areas have been described, 

delineated, and designated as special 

sea duck hunting areas under the 

hunting regulations adopted by the 

respective States. 

B. Special Early Canada and Cackling 

Goose Seasons 

Outside Dates and Season Lengths: 15 

days during September 1–15 in the 

Eastern Unit of Maryland; 30 days 

during September 1–30 in Connecticut, 

Florida, Georgia, New Jersey, Long 

Island Zone of New York, North 

Carolina, Rhode Island, and South 

Carolina; and 25 days during September 

1–25 in the remainder of the Atlantic 

Flyway. 

Daily Bag Limits: 15 geese in the 

aggregate. 

Shooting Hours: One-half hour before 

sunrise to sunset, except that during any 

special early Canada and cackling goose 

season, shooting hours may extend to 

one-half hour after sunset if all other 

waterfowl seasons are closed in the 

specific applicable area. 

C. Dark Goose Seasons 


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42610 Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 135 / Friday, July 15, 2022 / Rules and Regulations 

Outside Dates, Season Lengths, and 

Daily Bag Limits: Regulations are State 

and zone specific as provided below. 

Area Outside dates Season 

length 

Season 

segments Daily bag limit 

Connecticut: 

Atlantic Population (AP) Zone ................. Oct 10–Feb 5 ................................................. 30 2 1 

AP Zone Late Season Area (Special 

season).

Dec 15–Feb 15 .............................................. 54 1 5 

North Atlantic Population (NAP) Zone ..... Oct 1–Jan 31 .................................................. 60 2 2 

NAP Late Season Area (Special season) Jan 15–Feb 15 ............................................... 27 1 5 

Resident Population (RP) Zone ............... Oct 1–Feb 15 ................................................. 80 3 5 

Delaware ......................................................... Nov 15–Feb 5 ................................................ 30 2 1 

Florida ............................................................. Oct 1–Mar 10 ................................................. 80 3 5 

Georgia ........................................................... Oct 1–Mar 10 ................................................. 80 3 5 

Maine: ............................................................. ......................................................................... ........................ ........................ ........................

North NAP–H Zone .................................. Oct 1–Jan 31 .................................................. 60 2 2 

South NAP–H Zone ................................. Oct 1–Jan 31 .................................................. 60 2 2 

Coastal NAP–L Zone ............................... Oct 1–Feb 15 ................................................. 70 2 3 

Maryland: 

AP Zone ................................................... Nov 15–Feb 5 ................................................ 30 2 1 

RP Zone ................................................... Nov 15–Mar 10 .............................................. 80 3 5 

Massachusetts: 

AP Zone ................................................... Oct 10–Feb 5 ................................................. 30 2 1 

AP Zone Late Season Area (Special 

season).

Dec 15–Feb 15 .............................................. 54 1 5 

NAP Zone ................................................ Oct 1–Jan 31 .................................................. 60 2 2 

NAP Late Season Area (Special season) Jan 15–Feb 15 ............................................... 27 1 5 

New Hampshire .............................................. Oct 1–Jan 31 .................................................. 60 2 2 

New Jersey: 

AP Zone ................................................... Fourth Saturday in Oct (22)–Feb 5 ................ 30 2 1 

NAP Zone ................................................ Oct 1–Jan 31 .................................................. 60 2 2 

Special Late Season Area (Special season).Jan 15–Feb 15 ............................................... 27 1 5 

New York: 

AP Zone ................................................... Fourth Saturday in Oct (22)–Feb 5 ................ 30 2 1 

AP (Lake Champlain) Zone ..................... Oct 10–Feb 5 ................................................. 30 2 1 

NAP High Harvest Zone .......................... Oct 1–Jan 31 .................................................. 60 2 2 

NAP Low Harvest Zone ........................... Oct 1–Feb 15 ................................................. 70 2 3 

Western Long Island RP Zone ................ Saturday nearest Sep 24 (24)–last day of 

Feb (28).

107 3 8 

Remainder of RP Zone ............................ Fourth Saturday in Oct (22)–last day of Feb 

(28).

80 3 5 

AP (Lake Champlain) Zone Late Season 

(Special season).

Dec 1–Feb 15 ................................................ 77 1 5 

North Carolina: 

Northeast Zone ........................................ Saturday prior to Dec 25 (24)–Jan 31 ........... 30 1 1 

RP Zone ................................................... Oct 1–Mar 10 ................................................. 80 3 5 

Pennsylvania: 

AP Zone ................................................... Fourth Saturday in Oct (22)–Feb 5 ................ 30 2 1 

RP Zone ................................................... Fourth Saturday in Oct (22)–Mar 10 .............. 80 3 5 

Rhode Island: 

Statewide ................................................. Oct 1–Jan 31 .................................................. 60 2 2 

Late Season Area (Special season) ........ Jan 15–Feb 15 ............................................... 32 2 5 

South Carolina ................................................ Oct 1–Mar 10 ................................................. 80 3 5 

Vermont: 

Connecticut River Zone ........................... Oct 1–Jan 31 .................................................. 60 2 2 

Interior Zone ............................................ Oct 10–Feb 5 ................................................. 30 2 1 

Lake Champlain Zone ............................. Oct 10–Feb 5 ................................................. 30 2 1 

Interior, and Lake Champlain Zones Late 

Season (Special Season).

Dec 1–Feb 15 ................................................ 77 1 5 

Virginia: 

AP Zone ................................................... Nov 15–Feb 5 ................................................ 30 2 1 

SJBP Zone ............................................... Nov 15–Jan 14 ............................................... 40 2 3 

RP Zone ................................................... Nov 15–Mar 10 .............................................. 80 3 5 

SJBP Zone Late Season (Special season).Jan 15–Feb 15 ............................................... 32 1 5 

West Virginia: .................................................. Oct 1–Mar 10 ................................................. 80 3 5 


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D. Light Goose Seasons 

Outside Dates: October 1–March 10. 

Season Lengths: 107 days. Seasons 

may be split into 3 segments. 

Daily Bag limits: 25 light geese. There 

is no possession limit. 

E. Brant Seasons 

Outside Dates: Saturday nearest 

September 24 (September 24)–January 

31. 

Season Lengths: 50 days. Seasons may 

be split into 2 segments. 

Daily Bag Limits: 2 brant. 

2. Mississippi Flyway 

A. Duck, Merganser, and Coot Seasons 

Outside Dates: Saturday nearest 

September 24 (September 24)–January 

31. 

Season Lengths and Daily Bag Limits: 

60 days. The daily bag limit is 6 ducks, 

including no more than 4 mallards (no 

more than 2 of which may be females), 

1 mottled duck, 2 black ducks, 1 pintail, 

3 wood ducks, 2 canvasbacks, and 2 

redheads. The season for scaup may be 

split into 2 segments, with one segment 

consisting of 45 days with a 2-scaup 

daily bag limit, and the second segment 

consisting of 15 days with a 1-scaup 

daily bag limit. The daily bag limit of 

mergansers is 5, only 2 of which may be 

hooded mergansers. In States that 

include mergansers in the duck bag 

limit, the daily limit is the same as the 

duck bag limit, only 2 of which may be 

hooded mergansers. The daily bag limit 

of coots is 15. 

Zones and Split Seasons: Alabama, 

Arkansas, and Mississippi may split 

their seasons into 3 segments. Kentucky 

and Tennessee may select seasons in 

each of 2 zones; Indiana, Iowa, 

Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, 

and Wisconsin may select seasons in 

each of 3 zones; and all these States may 

split their season in each zone into 2 

segments. Illinois may select seasons in 

each of 4 zones. Louisiana may select 

seasons in each of 2 zones and may split 

their season in each zone into 3 

segments. Louisiana must conduct an 

evaluation of the impacts of zones and 

splits on hunter dynamics (e.g., hunter 

numbers, satisfaction) and harvest 

during the 2021–25 seasons. 

B. Canada and Cackling Goose Seasons 

Outside Dates: September 1–February 

15. 

Season Lengths: 107 days, which may 

be split into 4 segments. 

Daily Bag Limits: 5 geese in the 

aggregate. 

Shooting Hours: One-half hour before 

sunrise to sunset, except that during 

September 1–15 shooting hours may 

extend to one-half hour after sunset for 

Canada and cackling geese if all other 

waterfowl and crane seasons are closed 

in the specific applicable area. 

C. White-fronted Goose Seasons 

Outside Dates: September 1–February 

15. 

Season Lengths and Daily Bag Limits: 

74 days with a daily bag limit of 3 geese, 

88 days with a daily bag limit of 2 geese, 

or 107 days with a daily bag limit of 1 

goose. Seasons may be split into 4 

segments. 

D. Brant Seasons 

Outside Dates: September 1–February 

15. 

Season Lengths and Daily Bag Limits: 

70 days with a daily bag limit of 2 brant 

or 107 days with a daily bag limit of 1 

brant. Seasons may be split into 4 

segments. 

Special Provisions: In lieu of a 

separate brant season, brant may be 

included in the season for Canada and 

cackling geese with a daily bag limit of 

5 geese in the aggregate. 

E. Dark Goose Seasons 

Areas: Alabama, Iowa, Indiana, 

Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and 

Wisconsin in lieu of separate seasons for 

Canada and cackling geese, whitefronted geese, and brant. 

Outside Dates: September 1–February 

15. 

Season Lengths: 107 days, which may 

be split into 4 segments. 

Daily Bag Limits: 5 geese in the 

aggregate. 

F. Light Goose Seasons 

Outside Dates: September 1–February 

15. 

Season Lengths: 107 days, which may 

be split into 4 segments. 

Daily Bag and Possession Limits: The 

daily bag limit is 20 geese. There is no 

possession limit for light geese. 

3. Central Flyway 

A. Ducks, Merganser, and Coot Seasons 

Outside Dates: Saturday nearest 

September 24 (September 24)–January 

31. 

Season Lengths and Duck Daily Bag 

Limits: 74 days, except in the High 

Plains Mallard Management Unit where 

the season length is 97 days and the last 

23 days must be consecutive and may 

start no earlier than the Saturday nearest 

December 10 (December 10). The daily 

bag limit is 6 ducks and mergansers in 

the aggregate, including no more than 5 

mallards (no more than 2 of which may 

be females), 2 redheads, 3 wood ducks, 

1 pintail, and 2 canvasbacks. The daily 

bag limit for scaup is 1, and the season 

for scaup may be split into 2 segments, 

with one segment consisting of 39 

consecutive days and another segment 

consisting of 35 consecutive days. In 

Texas, the daily bag limit on mottled 

ducks is 1, except that no mottled ducks 

may be taken during the first 5 days of 

the season. In addition to the daily 

limits listed above, the States of 

Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, 

and Wyoming, in lieu of selecting an 

experimental September teal season, 

may include an additional daily bag and 

possession limit of 2 and 6 blue-winged 

teal, respectively, during the first 16 

days of the regular duck season in each 

respective duck hunting zone. These 

extra limits are in addition to the regular 

duck bag and possession limits. 

Coot Daily Bag Limits: 15 coots. 

Zones and Split Seasons: Colorado, 

Kansas (Low Plains portion), Montana, 

Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma (Low 

Plains portion), South Dakota (Low 

Plains portion), Texas (Low Plains 

portion), and Wyoming may select 

hunting seasons by zones. 

North Dakota may split their season 

into 3 segments. Montana, New Mexico, 

Oklahoma, and Texas may select 

seasons in each of 2 zones; and 

Colorado, Kansas, South Dakota, and 

Wyoming may select seasons in each of 

3 zones; and all these States may split 

their season in each zone into 2 

segments. Nebraska may select seasons 

in each of 4 zones. 

B. Special Early Canada and Cackling 

Goose Seasons 

Outside Dates and Seasons Lengths: 

In Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, South 

Dakota, and Texas, 30 days between 

September 1–30; in Colorado, New 

Mexico, Montana, and Wyoming, 

Canada and cackling goose seasons of 

not more than 15 days between 

September 1–15; and in North Dakota, 

22 days between September 1–22. 

Daily Bag Limits: 5 geese in the 

aggregate in Colorado, New Mexico, 

Montana, Wyoming, and Texas; 8 geese 

in the aggregate in Kansas, Nebraska, 

and Oklahoma; and 15 geese in the 

aggregate in North Dakota and South 

Dakota. 

Shooting Hours: One-half hour before 

sunrise to sunset, except that during 

September 1–15 shooting hours may 

extend to one-half hour after sunset if 

all other waterfowl and crane seasons 

are closed in the specific applicable 

area. 

C. Canada Goose, Cackling Goose, and 

Brant Seasons 

Outside Dates: Saturday nearest 

September 24 (September 24)–the 


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Sunday nearest February 15 (February 

12). 

Seasons and Daily Bag Limits: In 

Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, 

Oklahoma, South Dakota, and the 

Eastern Goose Zone of Texas, 107 days 

with a daily bag limit of 8 geese; in 

Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, and 

Wyoming, 107 days with a daily bag 

limit of 5 geese; and in Texas (Western 

Goose Zone), 95 days with a daily bag 

limit of 5 geese. 

Split Seasons: Seasons may be split 

into 3 segments. Three-segment seasons 

require Central Flyway Council and U.S. 

Fish and Wildlife Service approval, and 

a 3-year evaluation by each participating 

State. 

D. White-fronted Goose Seasons 

Outside Dates: Saturday nearest 

September 24 (September 24)–the 

Sunday nearest February 15 (February 

12). 

Season Length and Daily Bag Limits: 

Except as subsequently provided, either 

74 days with a daily bag limit of 3 geese, 

or 88 days with a daily bag limit of 2 

geese, or 107 days with a daily bag limit 

of 1 goose. In Texas (Western Goose 

Zone), 95 days with a daily bag limit of 

2 geese. Seasons may be split into 3 

segments. 

E. Light Goose Seasons 

Outside Dates: Saturday nearest 

September 24 (September 24)–March 10. 

Season Lengths: 107 days. Seasons 

may be split into 3 segments. 

Daily Bag and Possession Limits: The 

daily bag limit is 50 with no possession 

limit. 

Special Provisions: In the Rainwater 

Basin Light Goose Area (East and West) 

of Nebraska, temporal and spatial 

restrictions that are consistent with the 

late-winter snow goose hunting strategy 

cooperatively developed by the Central 

Flyway Council and the Service are 

required. 

4. Pacific Flyway 

A. Duck, Merganser, Coot, and Gallinule 

Seasons 

Outside Dates: Saturday nearest 

September 24 (September 24)–January 

31. 

Season Lengths and Daily Bag Limits: 

107 days. The daily bag limit is 7 ducks 

and mergansers in the aggregate, 

including no more than 2 female 

mallards, 1 pintail, 2 canvasbacks, 2 

scaup, and 2 redheads. For scaup, the 

season length is 86 days, which may be 

split according to applicable zones and 

split duck hunting configurations 

approved for each State. The daily bag 

limit of coots and gallinules is 25 in the 

aggregate. 

Zones and Split Seasons: Montana 

and New Mexico may split their seasons 

into 3 segments. Arizona, Colorado, 

Oregon, Utah, Washington, and 

Wyoming may select seasons in each of 

2 zones; Nevada may select seasons in 

each of 3 zones; California may select 

seasons in each of 5 zones; and all these 

States may split their season in each 

zone into 2 segments. Idaho may select 

seasons in each of 4 zones. 

Special Provisions: The seasons, 

limits, and shooting hours should be the 

same between the Colorado River Zone 

of California and the South Zone of 

Arizona. 

B. Goose Seasons 

i. Special Early Canada and Cackling 

Goose Seasons 

Outside Dates: September 1–20. 

Season Lengths: 15 days. 

Daily Bag Limits: 5 geese in the 

aggregate, except in Pacific County, 

Washington, where the daily bag limit is 

15 geese in the aggregate. 

ii. Canada Goose, Cackling Goose, and 

Brant Seasons 

Outside Dates: Except as subsequently 

provided, September 24 (September 

24)–January 31. 

Season Lengths: Except as 

subsequently provided, 107 days. 

Daily Bag Limits: Except as 

subsequently provided, in Arizona, 

Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New 

Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming, the daily 

bag limit is 5 Canada and cackling geese 

and brant in the aggregate. In Oregon 

and Washington, the daily bag limit is 

4 Canada and cackling geese in the 

aggregate. In California, the daily bag 

limit is 10 Canada and cackling geese in 

the aggregate. 

Split Seasons: Seasons may be split 

into 3 segments. Three-segment seasons 

require Pacific Flyway Council and U.S. 

Fish and Wildlife Service approval and 

a 3-year evaluation by each participating 

State. 

iii. Brant Seasons 

Areas: California, Oregon, and 

Washington. 

Outside Dates: September 24 

(September 24)–January 31. 

Season Lengths and Daily Bag Limits: 

37 days and 2 brant. 

Zones: Washington and California 

may select seasons in each of 2 zones. 

Special Provisions: In Oregon and 

California, the brant season must end no 

later than December 15. 

iv. White-Fronted Goose Seasons 

Outside Dates: Saturday nearest 

September 24 (September 24)–March 10. 

Season Lengths: 107 days. 

Daily Bag Limits: Except as 

subsequently provided, 10 geese. 

Split Seasons: Seasons may be split 

into 3 segments. Three-segment seasons 

require Pacific Flyway Council and U.S. 

Fish and Wildlife Service approval and 

a 3-year evaluation by each participating 

State. 

v. Light Goose Seasons 

Outside Dates: Saturday nearest 

September 24 (September 24)–March 10. 

Season Lengths: 107 days. Seasons 

may be split into 3 segments. 

Daily Bag Limits: 20 geese, except in 

Washington where the daily bag limit 

for light geese is 10 on or before the last 

Sunday in January (January 29). 

California 

Balance of State Zone: A Canada and 

cackling goose season may be selected 

with outside dates between the Saturday 

nearest September 24 (September 24) 

and March 10, and may be split into 3 

segments. In the Sacramento Valley 

Special Management Area, the season 

on white-fronted geese must end on or 

before December 28, and the daily bag 

limit is 3 white-fronted geese. In the 

North Coast Special Management Area, 

hunting days that occur after January 31 

should be concurrent with Oregon’s 

South Coast Zone. 

Northeastern Zone: The white-fronted 

goose season may be split into 3 

segments. 

Oregon 

Eastern Zone: For Lake County only, 

the daily white-fronted goose bag limit 

is 1. 

Northwest Permit Zone: A Canada and 

cackling goose season may be selected 

with outside dates between the Saturday 

nearest September 24 (September 24) 

and March 10 with a daily bag limit of 

3 geese in the aggregate. Canada and 

cackling goose and white-fronted goose 

seasons may be split into 3 segments. In 

the Tillamook County Management 

Area, the hunting season is closed on 

geese. 

South Coast Zone: A Canada and 

cackling goose season may be selected 

with outside dates between the Saturday 

nearest September 24 (September 24) 

and March 10 with a daily bag limit of 

6 geese in the aggregate. Canada and 

cackling goose and white-fronted goose 

seasons may be split into 3 segments. 

Hunting days that occur after January 31 

should be concurrent with California’s 

North Coast Special Management Area. 

Utah 

Wasatch Front Zone: A Canada and 

cackling goose and brant season may be 

selected with outside dates between the 


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Saturday nearest September 24 

(September 24) and February 15. 

Washington 

Areas 2 Inland and 2 Coastal 

(Southwest Permit Zone): A Canada and 

cackling goose season may be selected 

in each zone with outside dates between 

the Saturday nearest September 24 

(September 24) and March 10 with a 

daily bag limit of 3 geese in the 

aggregate. Canada and cackling goose 

and white-fronted goose seasons may be 

split into 3 segments. 

Area 4: Canada and cackling goose 

and white-fronted goose seasons may be 

split into 3 segments. 

Permit Zones 

In Oregon and Washington permit 

zones, the hunting season is closed on 

dusky Canada geese. A dusky Canada 

goose is any dark-breasted Canada goose 

(Munsell 10 YR color value 5 or less) 

with a bill length between 40 and 50 

millimeters. Hunting of geese will only 

be by hunters possessing a State-issued 

permit authorizing them to do so. 

Shooting hours for geese may begin no 

earlier than sunrise. Regular Canada and 

cackling goose seasons in the permit 

zones of Oregon and Washington remain 

subject to the Memorandum of 

Understanding entered into with the 

Service regarding monitoring the 

impacts of take during the regular 

Canada and cackling goose season on 

the dusky Canada goose population. 

5. Swan Seasons 

Pacific Flyway 

Areas: Idaho, Montana, Nevada, and 

Utah. 

Outside Dates: Saturday nearest 

September 24 (September 24)–January 

31. 

Season Lengths: 107 days. Seasons 

may be split into 2 segments. 

Permits: Hunting is by permit only. 

Permits will be issued by the State. The 

total number of permits issued may not 

exceed 50 in Idaho, 500 in Montana, 650 

in Nevada, and 2,750 in Utah. Permits 

will authorize the take of no more than 

1 swan per permit. Only 1 permit may 

be issued per hunter in Montana and 

Utah; 2 permits may be issued per 

hunter in Nevada. 

Quotas: The swan season in the 

respective State must end upon 

attainment of the following reported 

harvest of trumpeter swans: 20 in Utah 

and 10 in Nevada. There is no quota in 

Idaho and Montana. 

Monitoring: Each State must evaluate 

hunter participation, species-specific 

swan harvest, and hunter compliance in 

providing either species-determinant 

parts (at least the intact head) or bill 

measurements (bill length from tip to 

posterior edge of the nares opening, and 

presence or absence of yellow lore spots 

on the bill in front of the eyes) of 

harvested swans for species 

identification. Each State should use 

appropriate measures to maximize 

hunter compliance with the State’s 

program for swan harvest reporting. 

Each State must achieve a hunter 

compliance of at least 80 percent in 

providing species-determinant parts or 

bill measurements of harvested swans 

for species identification, or subsequent 

permits will be reduced by 10 percent 

in the respective State. Each State must 

provide to the Service by June 30 

following the swan season a report 

detailing hunter participation, speciesspecific swan harvest, and hunter 

compliance in reporting harvest. In 

Idaho and Montana, all hunters that 

harvest a swan must complete and 

submit a reporting card (bill card) with 

the bill measurement and color 

information from the harvested swan 

within 72 hours of harvest for species 

determination. In Utah and Nevada, all 

hunters that harvest a swan must have 

the swan or species-determinant parts 

examined by a State or Federal biologist 

within 72 hours of harvest for species 

determination. 

Other Provisions: In Utah, the season 

is subject to the terms of the 

Memorandum of Agreement entered 

into with the Service in January 2019 

regarding harvest monitoring, season 

closure procedures, and education 

requirements to minimize take of 

trumpeter swans during the swan 

season. 

Atlantic and Central Flyways 

Areas: Delaware, North Carolina, and 

Virginia in the Atlantic Flyway and 

North Dakota, South Dakota east of the 

Missouri River, and part of Montana in 

the Central Flyway. 

Outside Dates: October 1–January 31 

in the Atlantic Flyway and the Saturday 

nearest October 1 (October 1)–January 

31 in the Central Flyway. 

Season Lengths: 90 days in the 

Atlantic Flyway and 107 days in the 

Central Flyway. 

Permits: Hunting is by permit only. 

Permits will be issued by the States. No 

more than 5,600 permits may be issued 

in the Atlantic Flyway including 347 in 

Delaware, 4,721 in North Carolina, and 

532 in Virginia. No more than 4,000 

permits may be issued in the Central 

Flyway including 500 in Montana, 2,200 

in North Dakota, and 1,300 in South 

Dakota. Permits will authorize the take 

of no more than 1 swan per permit. A 

second permit may be issued to hunters 

from unissued permits remaining after 

the first drawing. Unissued permits may 

be reallocated to States within a Flyway. 

Monitoring: Each State must evaluate 

hunter participation, species-specific 

swan harvest, and hunter compliance in 

providing measurements of harvested 

swans for species identification. Each 

State should use appropriate measures 

to maximize hunter compliance with 

the State’s program for swan harvest 

reporting. Each State must achieve a 

hunter compliance of at least 80 percent 

in providing species-determinant 

measurements of harvested swans for 

species identification. Each State must 

provide to the Service by June 30 

following the swan season a report 

detailing hunter participation, speciesspecific swan harvest, and hunter 

compliance in reporting harvest. 

Other Provisions: In lieu of a general 

swan hunting season, States may select 

a season only for tundra swans. States 

selecting a season only for tundra swans 

must obtain harvest and hunter 

participation data. The season in 

Delaware is experimental. 

6. Sandhill Crane Seasons 

Mississippi Flyway 

Areas: Alabama, Kentucky, 

Minnesota, and Tennessee. 

Outside Dates: September 1–February 

28 in Minnesota, and September 1– 

January 31 in Alabama, Kentucky, and 

Tennessee. 

Season Lengths: 37 days in the 

designated portion of Minnesota’s 

Northwest Goose Zone, and 60 days in 

Alabama, Kentucky, and Tennessee. 

Daily Bag and Possession Limits: The 

daily bag limit is 1 crane in Minnesota, 

2 cranes in Kentucky, and 3 cranes in 

Alabama and Tennessee. In Alabama, 

Kentucky, and Tennessee, the seasonal 

bag limit is 3 cranes. 

Permits: Hunting is by permit only. 

Permits will be issued by the State. 

Other Provisions: The number of 

permits, open areas, season dates, 

protection plans for other species, and 

other provisions of seasons must be 

consistent with Council management 

plans and approved by the Mississippi 

Flyway Council. The season in Alabama 

is experimental. 

Central Flyway 

Areas: Colorado, Kansas, Montana, 

New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, 

South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. 

Outside Dates: September 1–February 

28. 

Season Lengths: 37 days in Texas 

(Zone C), 58 days in Colorado, Kansas, 

Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, 

and Wyoming, and 93 days in New 

Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas. 


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Daily Bag Limits: 3 cranes, except 2 

cranes in North Dakota (Area 2) and 

Texas (Zone C). 

Permits: Each person participating in 

the regular sandhill crane season must 

have a valid Federal or State sandhill 

crane hunting permit. 

Central and Pacific Flyways 

Areas: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, 

Montana, New Mexico, Utah, and 

Wyoming within the range of the Rocky 

Mountain Population (RMP) of sandhill 

cranes. 

Outside Dates: September 1–January 

31. 

Season Lengths: 60 days. The season 

may be split into 3 segments. 

Daily Bag and Possession limits: The 

daily bag limit is 3 cranes, and the 

possession limit is 9 cranes per season. 

Permits: Hunting is by permit only. 

Permits will be issued by the State. 

Other Provisions: Numbers of permits, 

open areas, season dates, protection 

plans for other species, and other 

provisions of seasons must be consistent 

with Councils’ management plan and 

approved by the Central and Pacific 

Flyway Councils, with the following 

exceptions: 

1. In Utah, 100 percent of the harvest 

will be assigned to the RMP crane quota; 

2. In Arizona, monitoring the racial 

composition of the harvest must be 

conducted at 3-year intervals unless 100 

percent of the harvest will be assigned 

to the RMP crane quota; 

3. In Idaho, 100 percent of the harvest 

will be assigned to the RMP crane quota; 

and 

4. In the Estancia Valley hunt area of 

New Mexico, the level and racial 

composition of the harvest must be 

monitored; greater sandhill cranes in the 

harvest will be assigned to the RMP 

crane quota. 

7. Gallinule Seasons 

Atlantic, Mississippi, and Central 

Flyways 

Outside Dates: September 1–January 

31. 

Season Lengths: 70 days. 

Daily Bag Limits: 15 gallinules. 

Zones and Split Seasons: Seasons 

may be selected by zones established for 

duck hunting. The season in each zone 

may be split into 2 segments. 

Pacific Flyway 

States in the Pacific Flyway may 

select their hunting seasons between the 

outside dates for the season on ducks, 

mergansers, and coots; therefore, Pacific 

Flyway frameworks for gallinules are 

included with the duck, merganser, and 

coot frameworks. 

8. Rail Seasons 

Areas: Atlantic, Mississippi, and 

Central Flyways and the Pacific Flyway 

Portions of Colorado, Montana, New 

Mexico, and Wyoming. 

Outside Dates: September 1–January 

31. 

Season Lengths: 70 days. Seasons may 

be split into 2 segments. 

Daily Bag Limits 

Clapper and King Rails: In 

Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, New 

Jersey, and Rhode Island, 10 rails in the 

aggregate. In Alabama, Florida, Georgia, 

Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, 

South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia, 15 

rails in the aggregate. 

Sora and Virginia Rails: 25 rails in the 

aggregate. 

9. Snipe Seasons 

Outside Dates: September 1–February 

28, except in Connecticut, Delaware, 

Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New 

Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, 

Rhode Island, Vermont, and Virginia, 

where the season must end no later than 

January 31. 

Season Lengths: 107 days. 

Daily Bag limits: 8 snipe. 

Zones and Split Seasons: Seasons 

may be selected by zones established for 

duck seasons. The season in each zone 

may be split into 2 segments. 

10. American Woodcock Seasons 

Areas: Eastern and Central 

Management Regions 

Outside Dates: September 13–January 

31. 

Season Lengths: Except as 

subsequently provided, 45 days. 

Daily Bag Limits: 3 woodcock. 

Zones and Split Seasons: Seasons 

may be split into 2 segments. New 

Jersey may select seasons in each of 2 

zones. The season in each zone may not 

exceed 36 days. 

11. Band-Tailed Pigeon Seasons 

California, Oregon, Washington, and 

Nevada 

Outside Dates: September 15–January 

1. 

Seasons Lengths: 9 days. 

Daily Bag Limits: 2 pigeons. 

Zones: California may select seasons 

in each of 2 zones. The season in each 

zone may not exceed 9 days. The season 

in the North Zone must close by October 

3. 

Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and 

Utah 

Outside Dates: September 1– 

November 30. 

Season Lengths: 14 days. 

Daily Bag Limits: 2 pigeons. 

Zones: New Mexico may select 

seasons in each of 2 zones. The season 

in each zone may not exceed 14 days. 

The season in the South Zone may not 

open until October 1. 

12. Dove Seasons 

Eastern Management Unit 

Outside Dates: September 1–January 

31. 

Season Lengths: 90 days. 

Daily Bag Limits: 15 mourning and 

white-winged doves in the aggregate. 

Zones and Split Seasons: Seasons 

may be split into 3 segments; Alabama, 

Louisiana, and Mississippi may select 

seasons in each of 2 zones and may split 

their season in each zone into 3 

segments. 

Central Management Unit 

Outside Dates: September 1–January 

15. 

Season Lengths: 90 days. 

All States Except Texas 

Daily Bag Limits: 15 mourning and 

white-winged doves in the aggregate. 

Zones and Split Seasons: Seasons 

may be split into 3 segments; New 

Mexico may select seasons in each of 2 

zones and may split their season in each 

zone into 3 segments. 

Texas 

Daily Bag Limits: 15 mourning, whitewinged, and white-tipped doves in the 

aggregate, of which no more than 2 may 

be white-tipped doves. 

Zones and Split Seasons: Texas may 

select hunting seasons for each of 3 

zones subject to the following 

conditions: 

1. The season may be split into 2 

segments, except in that portion of 

Texas in which the special whitewinged dove season is allowed, where 

a limited take of mourning and whitetipped doves may also occur during that 

special season (see Special Whitewinged Dove Area in Texas, below). 

2. A season may be selected for the 

North and Central Zones between 

September 1 and January 25; and for the 

South Zone between September 14 and 

January 25. 

Special White-Winged Dove Season in 

Texas 

In addition, Texas may select a 

hunting season of not more than 6 days, 

consisting of two 3-consecutive-day 

periods, for the Special White-winged 

Dove Area between September 1 and 

September 19. The daily bag limit may 

not exceed 15 white-winged, mourning, 

and white-tipped doves in the aggregate, 

of which no more than 2 may be 

mourning doves and no more than 2 


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may be white-tipped doves. Shooting 

hours are from noon to sunset. 

Western Management Unit 

Outside Dates: September 1–January 

15. 

Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and 

Washington 

Season Lengths: 60 days. 

Daily Bag Limits: 15 mourning and 

white-winged doves in the aggregate. 

Zones and Split Seasons: Idaho, 

Nevada, Utah, and Washington may 

split their seasons into 2 segments. 

Oregon may select hunting seasons in 

each of 2 zones and may split their 

season in each zone into 2 segments. 

Arizona and California 

Season Lengths: 60 days, which may 

be split between 2 segments, September 

1–15 and November 1–January 15. 

Daily Bag Limits: In Arizona, during 

the first segment of the season, the daily 

bag limit is 15 mourning and whitewinged doves in the aggregate, of which 

no more than 10 may be white-winged 

doves. During the remainder of the 

season, the daily bag limit is 15 

mourning doves. In California, the daily 

bag limit is 15 mourning and whitewinged doves in the aggregate, of which 

no more than 10 may be white-winged 

doves. 

13. Alaska 

A. Duck, Goose, Sandhill Crane, and 

Snipe Seasons 

Outside Dates: Except as subsequently 

provided, September 1–January 26. 

Season Lengths: Except as 

subsequently provided, 107 days for 

ducks, geese (except brant), sandhill 

cranes, and snipe. The season length for 

brant will be determined based on the 

upcoming brant winter survey results 

and the Pacific brant harvest strategy. 

Zones and Split Seasons: A season 

may be established in each of 5 zones. 

The season in the Southeast Zone may 

be split into 2 segments. 

Closed Seasons: The hunting season 

is closed on the spectacled eider and 

Steller’s eider. 

Daily Bag and Possession Limits and 

Special Conditions 

Ducks: The basic daily bag limit is 7 

ducks. The basic daily bag limit in the 

North Zone is 10 ducks, and in the Gulf 

Coast Zone is 8 ducks. The basic daily 

bag limits may include 2 canvasbacks 

and may not include sea ducks. 

In addition to the basic daily bag 

limits, the sea duck daily bag limit is 10, 

including 6 each of either harlequin or 

long-tailed ducks. Sea ducks include 

scoters, common and king eiders, 

harlequin ducks, long-tailed ducks, and 

common, hooded, and red-breasted 

mergansers. 

Light Geese: The daily bag limit is 6 

geese. 

Canada and Cackling Geese: The 

daily bag limit is 4 Canada and cackling 

geese in the aggregate with the following 

exceptions, and subject to the following 

conditions: 

1. In Game Management Units (Units) 

5 and 6, in the Gulf Coast Zone, outside 

dates are September 28–December 16. 

2. On Middleton Island in Unit 6, in 

the Gulf Coast Zone, all hunting is by 

permit only. Each hunter is required to 

complete a mandatory Canada and 

cackling goose identification class prior 

to being issued a permit. Hunters must 

check in and check out when hunting. 

The daily bag and possession limits are 

1 goose. The season will close if 

incidental harvest includes 5 dusky 

Canada geese. A dusky Canada goose is 

any dark-breasted Canada goose 

(Munsell 10 YR color value 5 or less) 

with a bill length between 40 and 50 

millimeters. 

3. In Unit 10, in the Pribilof and 

Aleutian Islands Zone, the daily bag 

limit is 6 geese in the aggregate. 

White-fronted Geese: The daily bag 

limit is 4 geese with the following 

exceptions: 

1. In Unit 9, in the Gulf Coast Zone, 

Unit 10, in the Pribilof and Aleutian 

Islands Zone, and Unit 17, in the North 

Zone, the daily bag limit is 6 geese. 

2. In Unit 18, in the North Zone, the 

daily bag limit is 10 geese. 

Emperor Geese: The emperor geese 

season is subject to the following 

conditions: 

1. All hunting is by permit only. 

2. One goose may be harvested per 

hunter per season. 

3. Total harvest may not exceed 500 

geese. 

4. In Unit 8, in the Kodiak Zone, the 

Kodiak Island Road Area is closed to 

hunting. The Kodiak Island Road Area 

consists of all lands and water 

(including exposed tidelands) east of a 

line extending from Crag Point in the 

north to the west end of Saltery Cove in 

the south and all lands and water south 

of a line extending from Termination 

Point along the north side of Cascade 

Lake extending to Anton Larsen Bay. 

Marine waters adjacent to the closed 

area are closed to harvest within 500 

feet from the water’s edge. The offshore 

islands are open to harvest, for example: 

Woody, Long, Gull, and Puffin islands. 

Brant: The daily bag limit is 4 brant. 

Snipe: The daily bag limit is 8 snipe. 

Sandhill Cranes: The daily bag limit 

is 2 cranes in the Southeast, Gulf Coast, 

Kodiak, and Pribilof and Aleutian 

Islands Zones, and Unit 17 in the North 

Zone. In the remainder of the North 

Zone (outside Unit 17), the daily bag 

limit is 3 cranes. 

B. Tundra Swan Seasons 

Outside Dates: September 1–October 

31. 

Season Lengths: 31 days. 

Daily Bag and Possession Limits and 

Special Conditions: All hunting is by 

permit only according to the following 

conditions. 

1. In Unit 17, in the North Zone, 200 

permits may be issued; 3 tundra swans 

may be authorized per permit, and 1 

permit may be issued per hunter per 

season. 

2. In Unit 18, in the North Zone, 500 

permits may be issued; 3 tundra swans 

may be authorized per permit, and 1 

permit may be issued per hunter per 

season. 

3. In Unit 22, in the North Zone, 300 

permits may be issued; 3 tundra swans 

may be authorized per permit, and 1 

permit may be issued per hunter per 

season. 

4. In Unit 23, in the North Zone, 300 

permits may be issued; 3 tundra swans 

may be authorized per permit, and 1 

permit may be issued per hunter per 

season. 

14. Hawaii 

A. Mourning Dove Seasons 

Outside Dates: October 1–January 31. 

Season Lengths and Daily Bag Limits: 

65 days with a daily bag limit of 15 

doves or 75 days with a daily bag of 12 

doves. 

Note: Mourning doves may be taken 

in Hawaii in accordance with shooting 

hours and other regulations set by the 

State of Hawaii, and subject to the 

applicable provisions of 50 CFR part 20. 

15. Puerto Rico 

A. Dove and Pigeon Seasons 

Outside Dates: September 1–January 

15. 

Season Lengths: 60 days. 

Daily Bag Limits: 30 Zenaida, 

mourning, and white-winged doves in 

the aggregate, of which 10 may be 

Zenaida doves and 3 may be mourning 

doves, and 5 scaly-naped pigeons. 

Closed Seasons: There is no open 

season on the white-crowned pigeon 

and the plain pigeon, which are 

protected by the Commonwealth of 

Puerto Rico. 

Closed Areas: There is no open season 

on doves or pigeons in the following 

areas: Municipality of Culebra, 

Desecheo Island, Mona Island, El Verde 

Closure Area, and Cidra Municipality 

and adjacent areas. 


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B. Duck, Coot, Gallinule, and Snipe 

Seasons 

Outside Dates: October 1–January 31. 

Season Lengths: 55 days. The season 

may be split into 2 segments. 

Daily Bag Limits: 6 ducks, 6 common 

gallinules, and 8 snipe. 

Closed Seasons: There is no open 

season on the ruddy duck, whitecheeked pintail, West Indian whistling 

duck, fulvous whistling duck, and 

masked duck, which are protected by 

the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. 

There is no open season on the purple 

gallinule, American coot, and Caribbean 

coot. 

Closed Areas: There is no open season 

on ducks, gallinules, and snipe in the 

Municipality of Culebra and on 

Desecheo Island. 

16. Virgin Islands 

A. Dove and Pigeon Seasons 

Outside Dates: September 1–January 

15. 

Season Lengths: 60 days. 

Daily Bag and Possession Limits: 10 

Zenaida doves. 

Closed Seasons: There is no open 

season for ground-doves, quail-doves, 

and pigeons. 

Closed Areas: There is no open season 

for migratory game birds on Ruth Cay 

(just south of St. Croix). 

Local Names for Certain Birds: 

Zenaida dove, also known as mountain 

dove; bridled quail-dove, also known as 

Barbary dove or partridge; common 

ground-dove, also known as stone dove, 

tobacco dove, rola, or tortolita; scalynaped pigeon, also known as red-necked 

or scaled pigeon. 

B. Duck Seasons 

Outside Dates: December 1–January 

31. 

Season Lengths: 55 days. 

Daily Bag Limits: 6 ducks. 

Closed Seasons: There is no open 

season on the ruddy duck, whitecheeked pintail, West Indian whistlingduck, fulvous whistling-duck, and 

masked duck. 

17. Special Falconry Regulations 

In accordance with 50 CFR 21.82, 

falconry is a permitted means of taking 

migratory game birds in any State 

except for Hawaii. States may select an 

extended season for taking migratory 

game birds in accordance with the 

following: 

Outside Dates: September 1–March 

10. 

Season Lengths: For all hunting 

methods combined, the combined 

length of the extended season, regular 

season, and any special or experimental 

seasons must not exceed 107 days for 

any species or group of species in a 

geographical area. Each extended season 

may be split into 3 segments. 

Daily Bag Limits: Falconry daily bag 

limits for all permitted migratory game 

birds must not exceed 3 birds in the 

aggregate, during extended falconry 

seasons, any special or experimental 

seasons, and regular hunting seasons in 

each State, including those that do not 

select an extended falconry season. 

Note: General hunting regulations, 

including seasons and hunting hours, 

apply to falconry. Regular season bag 

limits do not apply to falconry. The 

falconry bag limit is not in addition to 

shooting limits. 

c. Area, Unit, and Zone Descriptions 

Ducks (Including Mergansers) and Coots 

Atlantic Flyway 

Connecticut 

North Zone: That portion of the State 

north of I–95. 

South Zone: Remainder of the State. 

Maine 

North Zone: That portion north of the 

line extending east along Maine State 

Highway 110 from the New Hampshire– 

Maine State line to the intersection of 

Maine State Highway 11 in Newfield; 

then north and east along Route 11 to 

the intersection of U.S. Route 202 in 

Auburn; then north and east on Route 

202 to the intersection of I–95 in 

Augusta; then north and east along I–95 

to Route 15 in Bangor; then east along 

Route 15 to Route 9; then east along 

Route 9 to Stony Brook in Baileyville; 

then east along Stony Brook to the U.S. 

border. 

Coastal Zone: That portion south of a 

line extending east from the Maine–New 

Brunswick border in Calais at the Route 

1 Bridge; then south along Route 1 to 

the Maine–New Hampshire border in 

Kittery. 

South Zone: Remainder of the State. 

Maryland 

Western Zone: Allegany, Carroll, 

Garrett, Frederick and Washington 

Counties; and those portions of 

Baltimore, Howard, Prince George’s, and 

Montgomery Counties west of a line 

beginning at 2012;83 at the 

Pennsylvania State line, following 

2012;83 south to the intersection of 

2012;83 and 2012;695 (Outer Loop), 

south following 2012;695 (Outer Loop) 

to its intersection with 2012;95, south 

following 2012;95 to its intersection 

with 2012;495 (Outer Loop), and 

following 2012;495 (Outer Loop) to the 

Virginia shore of the Potomac River. 

Eastern Zone: That portion of the 

State not included in the Western Zone. 

Special Teal Season Area: Calvert, 

Caroline, Cecil, Dorchester, Harford, 

Kent, Queen Anne’s, St. Mary’s, 

Somerset, Talbot, Wicomico, and 

Worcester Counties; that part of Anne 

Arundel County east of Interstate 895, 

Interstate 97, and Route 3; that part of 

Prince George’s County east of Route 3 

and Route 301; and that part of Charles 

County east of Route 301 to the Virginia 

State Line. 

Massachusetts 

Western Zone: That portion of the 

State west of a line extending south 

from the Vermont State line on I–91 to 

MA 9, west on MA 9 to MA 10, south 

on MA 10 to U.S. 202, south on U.S. 202 

to the Connecticut State line. 

Central Zone: That portion of the 

State east of the Berkshire Zone and 

west of a line extending south from the 

New Hampshire State line on I–95 to 

U.S. 1, south on U.S. 1 to I–93, south on 

I–93 to MA 3, south on MA 3 to U.S. 

6, west on U.S. 6 to MA 28, west on MA 

28 to I–195, west to the Rhode Island 

State line; except the waters, and the 

lands 150 yards inland from the highwater mark, of the Assonet River 

upstream to the MA 24 bridge, and the 

Taunton River upstream to the Center 

Street–Elm Street bridge shall be in the 

Coastal Zone. 

Coastal Zone: That portion of 

Massachusetts east and south of the 

Central Zone. 

New Hampshire 

Northern Zone: That portion of the 

State east and north of the Inland Zone 

beginning at the Jct. of Route 10 and 

Route 25–A in Orford, east on Route 25– 

A to Route 25 in Wentworth, southeast 

on Route 25 to Exit 26 of Route I–93 in 

Plymouth, south on Route I–93 to Route 

3 at Exit 24 of Route I–93 in Ashland, 

northeast on Route 3 to Route 113 in 

Holderness, north on Route 113 to Route 

113–A in Sandwich, north on Route 

113–A to Route 113 in Tamworth, east 

on Route 113 to Route 16 in Chocorua, 

north on Route 16 to Route 302 in 

Conway, east on Route 302 to the 

Maine–New Hampshire border. 

Inland Zone: That portion of the State 

south and west of the Northern Zone, 

west of the Coastal Zone, and includes 

the area of Vermont and New 

Hampshire as described for hunting 

reciprocity. A person holding a New 

Hampshire hunting license that allows 

the taking of migratory waterfowl or a 

person holding a Vermont resident 

hunting license that allows the taking of 

migratory waterfowl may take migratory 

waterfowl and coots from the following 


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designated area of the Inland Zone: the 

State of Vermont east of Route I–91 at 

the Massachusetts border, north on 

Route I–91 to Route 2, north on Route 

2 to Route 102, north on Route 102 to 

Route 253, and north on Route 253 to 

the border with Canada and the area of 

New Hampshire west of Route 63 at the 

Massachusetts border, north on Route 

63 to Route 12, north on Route 12 to 

Route 12–A, north on Route 12–A to 

Route 10, north on Route 10 to Route 

135, north on Route 135 to Route 3, 

north on Route 3 to the intersection 

with the Connecticut River. 

Coastal Zone: That portion of the 

State east of a line beginning at the 

Maine–New Hampshire border in 

Rollinsford, then extending to Route 4 

west to the city of Dover, south to the 

intersection of Route 108, south along 

Route 108 through Madbury, Durham, 

and Newmarket to the junction of Route 

85 in Newfields, south to Route 101 in 

Exeter, east to Interstate 95 (New 

Hampshire Turnpike) in Hampton, and 

south to the Massachusetts border. 

New Jersey 

Coastal Zone: That portion of the 

State seaward of a line beginning at the 

New York State line in Raritan Bay and 

extending west along the New York 

State line to NJ 440 at Perth Amboy; 

west on NJ 440 to the Garden State 

Parkway; south on the Garden State 

Parkway to NJ 109; south on NJ 109 to 

Cape May County Route 633 (Lafayette 

Street); south on Lafayette Street to 

Jackson Street; south on Jackson Street 

to the shoreline at Cape May; west along 

the shoreline of Cape May beach to 

COLREGS Demarcation Line 80.503 at 

Cape May Point; south along COLREGS 

Demarcation Line 80.503 to the 

Delaware State line in Delaware Bay. 

North Zone: That portion of the State 

west of the Coastal Zone and north of 

a line extending west from the Garden 

State Parkway on NJ 70 to the New 

Jersey Turnpike, north on the turnpike 

to U.S. 206, north on U.S. 206 to U.S. 

1 at Trenton, west on U.S. 1 to the 

Pennsylvania State line in the Delaware 

River. 

South Zone: That portion of the State 

not within the North Zone or the Coastal 

Zone. 

New York 

Lake Champlain Zone: That area east 

and north of a continuous line 

extending along U.S. 11 from the New 

York–Canada International boundary 

south to NY 9B, south along NY 9B to 

U.S. 9, south along U.S. 9 to NY 22 

south of Keesville; south along NY 22 to 

the west shore of South Bay, along and 

around the shoreline of South Bay to NY 

22 on the east shore of South Bay; 

southeast along NY 22 to U.S. 4, 

northeast along U.S. 4 to the Vermont 

State line. 

Long Island Zone: That area 

consisting of Nassau County, Suffolk 

County, that area of Westchester County 

southeast of I–95, and their tidal waters. 

Western Zone: That area west of a line 

extending from Lake Ontario east along 

the north shore of the Salmon River to 

I–81, and south along I–81 to the 

Pennsylvania State line. 

Northeastern Zone: That area north of 

a continuous line extending from Lake 

Ontario east along the north shore of the 

Salmon River to I–81, south along I–81 

to NY 31, east along NY 31 to NY 13, 

north along NY 13 to NY 49, east along 

NY 49 to NY 365, east along NY 365 to 

NY 28, east along NY 28 to NY 29, east 

along NY 29 to NY 22, north along NY 

22 to Washington County Route 153, 

east along CR 153 to the New York– 

Vermont boundary, exclusive of the 

Lake Champlain Zone. 

Southeastern Zone: The remaining 

portion of New York. 

North Carolina 

Coastal Zone: All counties and 

portions of counties east of I–95. 

Inland Zone: All counties and 

portions of counties west of I–95. 

Pennsylvania 

Lake Erie Zone: The Lake Erie waters 

of Pennsylvania and a shoreline margin 

along Lake Erie from New York on the 

east to Ohio on the west extending 150 

yards inland but including all of 

Presque Isle Peninsula. 

Northwest Zone: The area bounded on 

the north by the Lake Erie Zone and 

including all of Erie and Crawford 

Counties and those portions of Mercer 

and Venango Counties north of I–80. 

North Zone: That portion of the State 

east of the Northwest Zone and north of 

a line extending east on I–80 to U.S. 

220, Route 220 to I–180, I–180 to I–80, 

and I–80 to the Delaware River. 

South Zone: The remaining portion of 

Pennsylvania. 

Vermont 

Lake Champlain Zone: The U.S. 

portion of Lake Champlain and that area 

north and west of the line extending 

from the New York border along U.S. 4 

to VT 22A at Fair Haven; VT 22A to U.S. 

7 at Vergennes; U.S. 7 to VT 78 at 

Swanton; VT 78 to VT 36; VT 36 to 

Maquam Bay on Lake Champlain; along 

and around the shoreline of Maquam 

Bay and Hog Island to VT 78 at the West 

Swanton Bridge; VT 78 to VT 2 in 

Alburg; VT 2 to the Richelieu River in 

Alburg; along the east shore of the 

Richelieu River to the Canadian border. 

Interior Zone: That portion of 

Vermont east of the Lake Champlain 

Zone and west of a line extending from 

the Massachusetts border at Interstate 

91; north along Interstate 91 to U.S. 2; 

east along U.S. 2 to VT 102; north along 

VT 102 to VT 253; north along VT 253 

to the Canadian border. 

Connecticut River Zone: The 

remaining portion of Vermont east of 

the Interior Zone. 

Virginia 

Western Zone: All counties and 

portions of counties west of I–95. 

Eastern Zone: All counties and 

portions of counties east of I–95. 

Mississippi Flyway 

Illinois 

North Zone: That portion of the State 

north of a line extending west from the 

Indiana border along Peotone–Beecher 

Road to Illinois Route 50, south along 

Illinois Route 50 to Wilmington– 

Peotone Road, west along Wilmington– 

Peotone Road to Illinois Route 53, north 

along Illinois Route 53 to New River 

Road, northwest along New River Road 

to Interstate Highway 55, south along I– 

55 to Pine Bluff–Lorenzo Road, west 

along Pine Bluff–Lorenzo Road to 

Illinois Route 47, north along Illinois 

Route 47 to I–80, west along I–80 to I– 

39, south along I–39 to Illinois Route 18, 

west along Illinois Route 18 to Illinois 

Route 29, south along Illinois Route 29 

to Illinois Route 17, west along Illinois 

Route 17 to the Mississippi River, and 

due south across the Mississippi River 

to the Iowa border. 

Central Zone: That portion of the 

State south of the North Duck Zone line 

to a line extending west from the 

Indiana border along I–70 to Illinois 

Route 4, south along Illinois Route 4 to 

Illinois Route 161, west along Illinois 

Route 161 to Illinois Route 158, south 

and west along Illinois Route 158 to 

Illinois Route 159, south along Illinois 

Route 159 to Illinois Route 3, south 

along Illinois Route 3 to St. Leo’s Road, 

south along St. Leo’s Road to Modoc 

Road, west along Modoc Road to Modoc 

Ferry Road, southwest along Modoc 

Ferry Road to Levee Road, southeast 

along Levee Road to County Route 12 

(Modoc Ferry entrance Road), south 

along County Route 12 to the Modoc 

Ferry route and southwest on the Modoc 

Ferry route across the Mississippi River 

to the Missouri border. 

South Zone: That portion of the State 

south and east of a line extending west 

from the Indiana border along Interstate 

70, south along U.S. Highway 45, to 


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Illinois Route 13, west along Illinois 

Route 13 to Greenbriar Road, north on 

Greenbriar Road to Sycamore Road, 

west on Sycamore Road to N. Reed 

Station Road, south on N. Reed Station 

Road to Illinois Route 13, west along 

Illinois Route 13 to Illinois Route 127, 

south along Illinois Route 127 to State 

Forest Road (1025 N), west along State 

Forest Road to Illinois Route 3, north 

along Illinois Route 3 to the south bank 

of the Big Muddy River, west along the 

south bank of the Big Muddy River to 

the Mississippi River, west across the 

Mississippi River to the Missouri 

border. 

South Central Zone: The remainder of 

the State between the south border of 

the Central Zone and the North border 

of the South Zone. 

Indiana 

North Zone: That part of Indiana 

north of a line extending east from the 

Illinois border along State Road 18 to 

U.S. 31; north along U.S. 31 to U.S. 24; 

east along U.S. 24 to Huntington; 

southeast along U.S. 224; south along 

State Road 5; and east along State Road 

124 to the Ohio border. 

Central Zone: That part of Indiana 

south of the North Zone boundary and 

north of the South Zone boundary. 

South Zone: That part of Indiana 

south of a line extending east from the 

Illinois border along I–70; east along 

National Ave.; east along U.S. 150; 

south along U.S. 41; east along State 

Road 58; south along State Road 37 to 

Bedford; and east along U.S. 50 to the 

Ohio border. 

Iowa 

North Zone: That portion of Iowa 

north of a line beginning on the South 

Dakota–2012; Iowa border at Interstate 

29, southeast along Interstate 29 to State 

Highway 20 to the Iowa–2012; Illinois 

border. The south duck hunting zone is 

that part of Iowa west of Interstate 29 

and south of State Highway 92 east to 

the Iowa–Illinois border. The central 

duck hunting zone is the remainder of 

the State. 

Central Zone: The remainder of Iowa 

not included in the North and South 

zones. 

South Zone: The south duck hunting 

zone is that part of Iowa west of 

Interstate 29 and south of State Highway 

92 east to the Iowa-Illinois border. 

Kentucky 

West Zone: All counties west of and 

including Butler, Daviess, Ohio, 

Simpson, and Warren Counties. 

East Zone: The remainder of 

Kentucky. 

Louisiana 

East Zone: That area of the State 

beginning at the Arkansas border, then 

south on U.S. Hwy 79 to State Hwy 9, 

then south on State Hwy 9 to State Hwy 

147, then south on State Hwy 147 to 

U.S. Hwy 167, then south and east on 

U.S. Hwy 167 to U.S. Hwy 90, then 

south on U.S. Hwy 90 to the Mississippi 

State line. 

West Zone: Remainder of the State. 

Michigan 

North Zone: The Upper Peninsula. 

Middle Zone: That portion of the 

Lower Peninsula north of a line 

beginning at the Michigan–Wisconsin 

boundary line in Lake Michigan, 

directly due west of the mouth of 

Stoney Creek in section 31, T14N R18W, 

Oceana County, then proceed easterly 

and southerly along the centerline of 

Stoney Creek to its intersection with 

Scenic Drive, southerly on Scenic Drive 

to Stoney Lake Road in section 5, T13N 

R18W, Oceana County, easterly on 

Stoney Lake Road then both west and 

east Garfield Roads (name change only; 

not an intersection) then crossing 

highway U.S.–31 to State Highway M– 

20 (north of the town of New Era; also 

locally named Hayes Road) in section 

33, T14N R17W, Oceana County, 

easterly on M–20 through Oceana, 

Newaygo, Mecosta, Isabella, and 

Midland Counties to highway U.S.–10 

business route in the city of Midland, 

easterly on U.S.–10 Business Route (BR) 

to highway U.S.–10 at the Bay County 

line, easterly on U.S.–10 then crossing 

U.S.–75 to State Highway M–25 (west of 

the town of Bay City), easterly along M– 

25 into Tuscola County then 

northeasterly and easterly on M–25 

through Tuscola County into Huron 

County, turning southeasterly on M–25 

(near the town of Huron City; also 

locally named North Shore Road) to the 

centerline of Willow Creek in section 4, 

T18N R14E, Huron County, then 

northerly along the centerline of Willow 

Creek to the mouth of Willow Creek into 

Lake Huron, then directly due east along 

a line from the mouth of Willow Creek 

heading east into Lake Huron to a point 

due east and on the Michigan/U.S.– 

Canadian border. 

South Zone: The remainder of 

Michigan. 

Minnesota 

North Duck Zone: That portion of the 

State north of a line extending east from 

the North Dakota State line along State 

Highway 210 to State Highway 23 and 

east to State Highway 39 and east to the 

Wisconsin State line at the Oliver 

Bridge. 

South Duck Zone: The portion of the 

State south of a line extending east from 

the South Dakota State line along U.S. 

Highway 212 to Interstate 494 and east 

to Interstate 94 and east to the 

Wisconsin State line. 

Central Duck Zone: The remainder of 

the State. 

Missouri 

North Zone: That portion of Missouri 

north of a line running west from the 

Illinois border at I–70; west on I–70 to 

Hwy 65; north on Hwy 65 to Hwy 41, 

north on Hwy 41 to Hwy 24; west on 

Hwy 24 to MO Hwy 10, west on Hwy 

10 to Hwy 69, north on Hwy 69 to MO 

Hwy 116, west on MO Hwy 116 to Hwy 

59, south on Hwy 59 to the Kansas 

border. 

Middle Zone: The remainder of 

Missouri not included in other zones. 

South Zone: That portion of Missouri 

south of a line running west from the 

Illinois border on MO Hwy 74 to MO 

Hwy 25; south on MO Hwy 25. to U.S. 

Hwy 62; west on U.S. Hwy 62 to MO 

Hwy 53; north on MO Hwy 53 to MO 

Hwy 51; north on MO Hwy 51 to U.S. 

Hwy 60; west on U.S. Hwy 60 to MO 

Hwy 21; north on MO Hwy 21 to MO 

Hwy 72; west on MO Hwy 72 to MO 

Hwy 32; west on MO Hwy 32 to U.S. 

Hwy 65; north on U.S. Hwy 65 to U.S. 

Hwy 54; west on U.S. Hwy 54 to the 

Kansas border. 

Ohio 

Lake Erie Marsh Zone: Includes all 

land and water within the boundaries of 

the area bordered by a line beginning at 

the intersection of Interstate 75 at the 

Ohio–Michigan State line and 

continuing south to Interstate 280, then 

south on I–280 to the Ohio Turnpike (I– 

80/I–90), then east on the Ohio 

Turnpike to the Erie–Lorain County 

line, then north to Lake Erie, then 

following the Lake Erie shoreline at a 

distance of 200 yards offshore, then 

following the shoreline west toward and 

around the northern tip of Cedar Point 

Amusement Park, then continuing from 

the westernmost point of Cedar Point 

toward the southernmost tip of the sand 

bar at the mouth of Sandusky Bay and 

out into Lake Erie at a distance of 200 

yards offshore continuing parallel to the 

Lake Erie shoreline north and west 

toward the northernmost tip of Cedar 

Point National Wildlife Refuge, then 

following a direct line toward the 

southernmost tip of Wood Tick 

Peninsula in Michigan to a point that 

intersects the Ohio–Michigan State line, 

then following the State line back to the 

point of the beginning. 

North Zone: That portion of the State, 

excluding the Lake Erie Marsh Zone, 


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north of a line extending east from the 

Indiana State line along U.S. Highway 

(U.S.) 33 to State Route (SR) 127, then 

south along SR 127 to SR 703, then 

south along SR 703 and including all 

lands within the Mercer Wildlife Area 

to SR 219, then east along SR 219 to SR 

364, then north along SR 364 and 

including all lands within the St. Mary’s 

Fish Hatchery to SR 703, then east along 

SR 703 to SR 66, then north along SR 

66 to U.S. 33, then east along U.S. 33 to 

SR 385, then east along SR 385 to SR 

117, then south along SR 117 to SR 273, 

then east along SR 273 to SR 31, then 

south along SR 31 to SR 739, then east 

along SR 739 to SR 4, then north along 

SR 4 to SR 95, then east along SR 95 to 

SR 13, then southeast along SR 13 to SR 

3, then northeast along SR 3 to SR 60, 

then north along SR 60 to U.S. 30, then 

east along U.S. 30 to SR 3, then south 

along SR 3 to SR 226, then south along 

SR 226 to SR 514, then southwest along 

SR 514 to SR 754, then south along SR 

754 to SR 39/60, then east along SR 39/ 

60 to SR 241, then north along SR 241 

to U.S. 30, then east along U.S. 30 to SR 

39, then east along SR 39 to the 

Pennsylvania State line. 

South Zone: The remainder of Ohio 

not included in the Lake Erie Marsh 

Zone or the North Zone. 

Tennessee 

Reelfoot Zone: All or portions of Lake 

and Obion Counties. 

Remainder of State: That portion of 

Tennessee outside of the Reelfoot Zone. 

Wisconsin 

North Zone: That portion of the State 

north of a line extending east from the 

Minnesota State line along U.S. 

Highway 10 to U.S. Highway 41, then 

north on U.S. Highway 41 to the 

Michigan State line. 

Open Water Zone: That portion of the 

State extending 500 feet or greater from 

the Lake Michigan shoreline bounded 

by the Michigan State line and the 

Illinois State line. 

South Zone: The remainder of the 

State. 

Central Flyway 

Colorado (Central Flyway Portion) 

Special Teal Season Area: Lake and 

Chaffee Counties and that portion of the 

State east of Interstate Highway 25. 

Northeast Zone: All areas east of 

Interstate 25 and north of Interstate 70. 

Southeast Zone: All areas east of 

Interstate 25 and south of Interstate 70, 

and all of El Paso, Pueblo, Huerfano, 

and Las Animas Counties. 

Mountain/Foothills Zone: All areas 

west of Interstate 25 and east of the 

Continental Divide, except El Paso, 

Pueblo, Huerfano, and Las Animas 

Counties. 

Kansas 

High Plains: That portion of the State 

west of U.S. 283. 

Low Plains Early Zone: That part of 

Kansas bounded by a line from the 

Federal Hwy U.S.–283 and State Hwy 

96 junction, then east on State Hwy 96 

to its junction with Federal Hwy U.S.– 

183, then north on Federal Hwy U.S.– 

183 to its junction with Federal Hwy 

U.S.–24, then east on Federal Hwy U.S.– 

24 to its junction with Federal Hwy 

U.S.–281, then north on Federal Hwy 

U.S.–281 to its junction with Federal 

Hwy U.S.–36, then east on Federal Hwy 

U.S.–36 to its junction with State Hwy 

K–199, then south on State Hwy K–199 

to its junction with Republic County 

30th Road, then south on Republic 

County 30th Road to its junction with 

State Hwy K–148, then east on State 

Hwy K–148 to its junction with 

Republic County 50th Road, then south 

on Republic County 50th Road to its 

junction with Cloud County 40th Road, 

then south on Cloud County 40th Road 

to its junction with State Hwy K–9, then 

west on State Hwy K–9 to its junction 

with Federal Hwy U.S.–24, then west on 

Federal Hwy U.S.–24 to its junction 

with Federal Hwy U.S.–181, then south 

on Federal Hwy U.S.–181 to its junction 

with State Hwy K–18, then west on 

State Hwy K–18 to its junction with 

Federal Hwy U.S.–281, then south on 

Federal Hwy U.S.–281 to its junction 

with State Hwy K–4, then east on State 

Hwy K–4 to its junction with interstate 

Hwy I–135, then south on interstate 

Hwy I–135 to its junction with State 

Hwy K–61, then southwest on State 

Hwy K–61 to its junction with 

McPherson County 14th Avenue, then 

south on McPherson County 14th 

Avenue to its junction with McPherson 

County Arapaho Road, then west on 

McPherson County Arapaho Road to its 

junction with State Hwy K–61, then 

southwest on State Hwy K–61 to its 

junction with State Hwy K–96, then 

northwest on State Hwy K–96 to its 

junction with Federal Hwy U.S.–56, 

then southwest on Federal Hwy U.S.–56 

to its junction with State Hwy K–19, 

then east on State Hwy K–19 to its 

junction with Federal Hwy U.S.–281, 

then south on Federal Hwy U.S.–281 to 

its junction with Federal Hwy U.S.–54, 

then west on Federal Hwy U.S.–54 to its 

junction with Federal Hwy U.S.–183, 

then north on Federal Hwy U.S.–183 to 

its junction with Federal Hwy U.S.–56, 

then southwest on Federal Hwy U.S.–56 

to its junction with North Main Street in 

Spearville, then south on North Main 

Street to Davis Street, then east on Davis 

Street to Ford County Road 126 (South 

Stafford Street), then south on Ford 

County Road 126 to Garnett Road, then 

east on Garnett Road to Ford County 

Road 126, then south on Ford County 

Road 126 to Ford Spearville Road, then 

west on Ford Spearville Road to its 

junction with Federal Hwy U.S.–400, 

then northwest on Federal Hwy U.S.– 

400 to its junction with Federal Hwy 

U.S.–283, and then north on Federal 

Hwy U.S.–283 to its junction with 

Federal Hwy U.S.–96. 

Low Plains Late Zone: That part of 

Kansas bounded by a line from the 

Federal Hwy U.S.–283 and State Hwy 

96 junction, then north on Federal Hwy 

U.S.–283 to the Kansas–Nebraska State 

line, then east along the Kansas– 

Nebraska State line to its junction with 

the Kansas–Missouri State line, then 

southeast along the Kansas–Missouri 

State line to its junction with State Hwy 

K–68, then west on State Hwy K–68 to 

its junction with interstate Hwy I–35, 

then southwest on interstate Hwy I–35 

to its junction with Butler County NE 

150th Street, then west on Butler 

County NE 150th Street to its junction 

with Federal Hwy U.S.–77, then south 

on Federal Hwy U.S.–77 to its junction 

with the Kansas–Oklahoma State line, 

then west along the Kansas–Oklahoma 

State line to its junction with Federal 

Hwy U.S.–283, then north on Federal 

Hwy U.S.–283 to its junction with 

Federal Hwy U.S.–400, then east on 

Federal Hwy U.S.–400 to its junction 

with Ford Spearville Road, then east on 

Ford Spearville Road to Ford County 

Road 126 (South Stafford Street), then 

north on Ford County Road 126 to 

Garnett Road, then west on Garnett 

Road to Ford County Road 126, then 

north on Ford County Road 126 to Davis 

Street, then west on Davis Street to 

North Main Street, then north on North 

Main Street to its junction with Federal 

Hwy U.S.–56, then east on Federal Hwy 

U.S.–56 to its junction with Federal 

Hwy U.S.–183, then south on Federal 

Hwy U.S.–183 to its junction with 

Federal Hwy U.S.–54, then east on 

Federal Hwy U.S.–54 to its junction 

with Federal Hwy U.S.–281, then north 

on Federal Hwy U.S.–281 to its junction 

with State Hwy K–19, then west on 

State Hwy K–19 to its junction with 

Federal Hwy U.S.–56, then east on 

Federal Hwy U.S.–56 to its junction 

with State Hwy K–96, then southeast on 

State Hwy K–96 to its junction with 

State Hwy K–61, then northeast on State 

Hwy K–61 to its junction with 

McPherson County Arapaho Road, then 

east on McPherson County Arapaho 

Road to its junction with McPherson 

County 14th Avenue, then north on 


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McPherson County 14th Avenue to its 

junction with State Hwy K–61, then east 

on State Hwy K–61 to its junction with 

interstate Hwy I–135, then north on 

interstate Hwy I–135 to its junction with 

State Hwy K–4, then west on State Hwy 

K–4 to its junction with Federal Hwy 

U.S.–281, then north on Federal Hwy 

U.S.–281 to its junction with State Hwy 

K–18, then east on State Hwy K–18 to 

its junction with Federal Hwy U.S.–181, 

then north on Federal Hwy U.S.–181 to 

its junction with Federal Hwy U.S.–24, 

then east on Federal Hwy U.S.–24 to its 

junction with State Hwy K–9, then east 

on State Hwy K–9 to its junction with 

Cloud County 40th Road, then north on 

Cloud County 40th Road to its junction 

with Republic County 50th Road, then 

north on Republic County 50th Road to 

its junction with State Hwy K–148, then 

west on State Hwy K–148 to its junction 

with Republic County 30th Road, then 

north on Republic County 30th Road to 

its junction with State Hwy K–199, then 

north on State Hwy K–199 to its 

junction with Federal Hwy U.S.–36, 

then west on Federal Hwy U.S.–36 to its 

junction with Federal Hwy U.S.–281, 

then south on Federal Hwy U.S.–281 to 

its junction with Federal Hwy U.S.–24, 

then west on Federal Hwy U.S.–24 to its 

junction with Federal Hwy U.S.–183, 

then south on Federal Hwy U.S.–183 to 

its junction with Federal Hwy U.S.–96, 

and then west on Federal Hwy U.S.–96 

to its junction with Federal Hwy U.S.– 

283. 

Low Plains Southeast Zone: That part 

of Kansas bounded by a line from the 

Missouri–Kansas State line west on K– 

68 to its junction with I–35, then 

southwest on I–35 to its junction with 

Butler County, NE 150th Street, then 

west on NE 150th Street to its junction 

with Federal Hwy U.S.–77, then south 

on Federal Hwy U.S.–77 to the 

Oklahoma–Kansas State line, then east 

along the Kansas–Oklahoma State line 

to its junction with the Kansas–Missouri 

State line, then north along the Kansas– 

Missouri State line to its junction with 

State Hwy K–68. 

Montana (Central Flyway Portion) 

Zone 1: The Counties of Blaine, 

Carter, Daniels, Dawson, Fallon, Fergus, 

Garfield, Golden Valley, Judith Basin, 

McCone, Musselshell, Petroleum, 

Phillips, Powder River, Richland, 

Roosevelt, Sheridan, Stillwater, Sweet 

Grass, Valley, Wheatland, and Wibaux. 

Zone 2: The Counties of Big Horn, 

Carbon, Custer, Prairie, Rosebud, 

Treasure, and Yellowstone. 

Nebraska 

High Plains: That portion of Nebraska 

lying west of a line beginning at the 

South Dakota–Nebraska border on U.S. 

Hwy 183; south on U.S. Hwy 183 to U.S. 

Hwy 20; west on U.S. Hwy 20 to NE 

Hwy 7; south on NE Hwy 7 to NE Hwy 

91; southwest on NE Hwy 91 to NE Hwy 

2; southeast on NE Hwy 2 to NE Hwy 

92; west on NE Hwy 92 to NE Hwy 40; 

south on NE Hwy 40 to NE Hwy 47; 

south on NE Hwy 47 to NE Hwy 23; east 

on NE Hwy 23 to U.S. Hwy 283; and 

south on U.S. Hwy 283 to the Kansas– 

Nebraska border. 

Zone 1: Area bounded by designated 

Federal and State highways and 

political boundaries beginning at the 

South Dakota–Nebraska border at U.S. 

Hwy 183; south along Hwy 183 to NE 

Hwy 12; east to NE Hwy 137; south to 

U.S. Hwy 20; east to U.S. Hwy 281; 

north to the Niobrara River; east along 

the Niobrara River to the Boyd County 

Line; north along the Boyd County line 

to NE Hwy 12; east to NE 26E Spur; 

north along the NE 26E Spur to the 

Ponca State Park boat ramp; north and 

west along the Missouri River to the 

Nebraska–South Dakota border; west 

along the Nebraska–South Dakota 

border to U.S. Hwy 183. Both banks of 

the Niobrara River in Keya Paha and 

Boyd counties east of U.S. Hwy 183 

shall be included in Zone 1. 

Zone 2: Those areas of the State that 

are not contained in Zones 1, 3, or 4. 

Zone 3: Area bounded by designated 

Federal and State highways, County 

Roads, and political boundaries 

beginning at the Wyoming Nebraska 

border at its northernmost intersection 

with the Interstate Canal; southeast 

along the Interstate Canal to the 

northern border of Scotts Bluff County; 

east along northern borders of Scotts 

Bluff and Morrill Counties to Morrill 

County Road 125; south to Morrill 

County Rd 94; east to County Rd 135; 

south to County Rd 88; east to County 

Rd 147; south to County Rd 88; 

southeast to County Rd 86; east to 

County Rd 151; south to County Rd 80; 

east to County Rd 161; south to County 

Rd 76; east to County Rd 165; south to 

County Rd 167; south to U.S. Hwy 26; 

east to County Rd 171; north to County 

Rd 68; east to County Rd 183; south to 

County Rd 64; east to County Rd 189; 

north to County Rd 70; east to County 

Rd 201; south to County Rd 60A; east 

to County Rd 203; south to County Rd 

52; east to Keith County Line; north 

along the Keith County line to the 

northern border of Keith County; east 

along the northern boundaries of Keith 

and Lincoln Counties to NE Hwy 97; 

south to U.S. Hwy 83; south to E Hall 

School Rd; east to North Airport Road; 

south to U.S. Hwy 30; east to NE Hwy 

47; south to NE Hwy 23; east on NE 

Hwy 23 to U.S. Hwy 283; south on U.S. 

Hwy 283 to the Kansas–Nebraska 

border; west along Kansas–Nebraska 

border to the Nebraska–Colorado border; 

north and west to the Wyoming– 

Nebraska border; north along the 

Wyoming–Nebraska border to its 

northernmost-intersection with the 

Interstate Canal. 

Zone 4: Area encompassed by 

designated Federal and State highways 

and County Roads beginning at the 

intersection of U.S. Hwy 283 at the 

Kansas–Nebraska border; north to NE 

Hwy 23; west to NE Hwy 47; north to 

Dawson County Rd 769; east to County 

Rd 423; south to County Rd 766; east to 

County Rd 428; south to County Rd 763; 

east to NE Hwy 21; south to County Rd 

761; east on County Rd 761 to County 

Road 437; south to the Dawson County 

Canal; southeast along Dawson County 

Canal; east to County Rd 444; south to 

U.S. Hwy 30; east to U.S. Hwy 183; 

north to Buffalo County Rd 100; east to 

46th Ave.; north to NE Hwy 40; east to 

NE Hwy 10; north to County Rd 220 and 

Hall County Husker Highway; east to 

Hall County S 70th Rd; north to NE Hwy 

2; east to U.S. Hwy 281; north to 

Chapman Rd; east to 7th Rd; south to 

U.S. Hwy 30; north and east to NE Hwy 

14; south to County Rd 22; west to 

County Rd M; south to County Rd 21; 

west to County Rd K; south to U.S. Hwy 

34; west to NE Hwy 2; south to U.S. 

Hwy I–80; west to Gunbarrel Rd (Hall/ 

Hamilton County line); south to Giltner 

Rd; west to U.S. Hwy 281; south to W. 

82nd St; west to Holstein Ave.; south to 

U.S. Hwy 34; west to NE Hwy 10; north 

to Kearney County Rd R and Phelps 

County Rd 742; west to Gosper County 

Rd 433; south to N. Railway Street; west 

to Commercial Ave.; south to NE Hwy 

23; west to Gosper County Rd 427; south 

to Gosper County Rd 737; west to 

Gosper County Rd 426; south to Gosper 

County Rd 735; east to Gosper County 

Rd 427; south to Furnas County Rd 276; 

west to Furnas County Rd 425.5/425; 

south to U.S. Hwy 34; east to NE Hwy 

4; east to NE Hwy 10; south to U.S. Hwy 

136; east to NE Hwy 14; south to NE 

Hwy 8; east to U.S. Hwy 81; north to NE 

Hwy 4; east to NE Hwy 15; north to U.S. 

Hwy 6; east to NE Hwy 33; east to SW 

142 Street; south to W. Hallam Rd; east 

to SW 100 Rd; south to W. Chestnut Rd; 

west to NE Hwy 103; south to NE Hwy 

4; west to NE Hwy 15; south to U.S. 

Hwy 136; east to Jefferson County Rd 

578 Ave.; south to PWF Rd; east to NE 

Hwy 103; south to NE Hwy 8; east to 

U.S. Hwy 75; north to U.S. Hwy 136; 

east to the intersection of U.S. Hwy 136 

and the Steamboat Trace (Trace); north 

along the Trace to the intersection with 

Federal Levee R–562; north along 


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Federal Levee R–562 to the intersection 

with Nemaha County Rd 643A; south to 

the Trace; north along the Trace/ 

Burlington Northern Railroad right-ofway to NE Hwy 2; west to U.S. Hwy 75; 

north to NE Hwy 2; west to NE Hwy 50; 

north to Otoe County Rd D; east to N. 

32nd Rd; north to Otoe County Rd B; 

west to NE Hwy 50; north to U.S. Hwy 

34; west to NE Hwy 63; north to NE 

Hwy 66; north and west to U.S. Hwy 77; 

north to NE Hwy 109; west along NE 

Hwy 109 and Saunders County Rd X to 

Saunders County 19; south to NE Hwy 

92; west to NE Hwy Spur 12F; south to 

Butler County Rd 30; east to County Rd 

X; south to County Rd 27; west to 

County Rd W; south to County Rd 26; 

east to County Rd X; south to County Rd 

21 (Seward County Line); west to NE 

Hwy 15; north to County Rd 34; west to 

County Rd H; south to NE Hwy 92; west 

to U.S. Hwy 81; south to NE Hwy 66; 

west to Dark Island Trail, north to 

Merrick County Rd M; east to Merrick 

County Rd 18; north to NE Hwy 92; west 

to NE Hwy 14; north to NE Hwy 52; 

west and north to NE Hwy 91; west to 

U.S. Hwy 281; south to NE Hwy 58; 

west to NE Hwy 11; west and south to 

NE Hwy 2; west to NE Hwy 68; north 

to NE Hwy L82A; west to NE Hwy 10; 

north to NE Hwy 92; west to U.S. Hwy 

183; north to Round Valley Rd; west to 

Sargent River Rd; west to Sargent Rd; 

west to NE Hwy S21A; west to NE Hwy 

2; north to NE Hwy 91 to North Loup 

Spur Rd; north to North Loup River Rd; 

north and east along to Pleasant Valley/ 

Worth Rd; east to Loup County Line; 

north along the Loup County Line to 

Loup–Brown County line; east along 

northern boundaries of Loup and 

Garfield Counties to NE Hwy 11; south 

to Cedar River Road; east and south to 

NE Hwy 70; east to U.S. Hwy 281; north 

to NE Hwy 70; east to NE Hwy 14; south 

to NE Hwy 39; southeast to NE Hwy 22; 

east to U.S. Hwy 81; southeast to U.S. 

Hwy 30; east to the Iowa–Nebraska 

border; south to the Missouri–Nebraska 

border; south to Kansas–Nebraska 

border; west along Kansas–Nebraska 

border to U.S. Hwy 283. 

New Mexico (Central Flyway Portion) 

North Zone: That portion of the State 

north of I–40 and U.S. 54. 

South Zone: The remainder of New 

Mexico. 

North Dakota 

High Plains: That portion of the State 

south and west of a line beginning at the 

junction of U.S. Hwy 83 and the South 

Dakota State line, then north along U.S. 

Hwy 83 and I–94 to ND Hwy 41, then 

north on ND Hwy 41 to ND Hwy 53, 

then west on ND Hwy 53 to U.S. Hwy 

83, then north on U.S. Hwy 83 to U.S. 

Hwy 2, then west on U.S. Hwy 2 to the 

Williams County line, then north and 

west along the Williams and Divide 

County lines to the Canadian border. 

Low Plains: The remainder of North 

Dakota. 

Oklahoma 

High Plains: The Counties of Beaver, 

Cimarron, and Texas. 

Low Plains Zone 1: That portion of the 

State east of the High Plains Zone and 

north of a line extending east from the 

Texas State line along OK 33 to OK 47, 

east along OK 47 to U.S. 183, south 

along U.S. 183 to I–40, east along I–40 

to U.S. 177, north along U.S. 177 to OK 

33, east along OK 33 to OK 18, north 

along OK 18 to OK 51, west along OK 

51 to I–35, north along I–35 to U.S. 412, 

west along U.S. 412 to OK 132, then 

north along OK 132 to the Kansas State 

line. 

Low Plains Zone 2: The remainder of 

Oklahoma. 

South Dakota 

High Plains: That portion of the State 

west of a line beginning at the North 

Dakota State line and extending south 

along U.S. 83 to U.S. 14, east on U.S. 14 

to Blunt, south on the Blunt–Canning 

Road to SD 34, east and south on SD 34 

to SD 50 at Lee’s Corner, south on SD 

50 to I–90, east on I–90 to SD 50, south 

on SD 50 to SD 44, west on SD 44 across 

the Platte–Winner bridge to SD 47, 

south on SD 47 to U.S. 18, east on U.S. 

18 to SD 47, south on SD 47 to the 

Nebraska State line. 

Low Plains North Zone: That portion 

of northeastern South Dakota east of the 

High Plains Unit and north of a line 

extending east along U.S. 212 to the 

Minnesota State line. 

Low Plains South Zone: That portion 

of Gregory County east of SD 47 and 

south of SD 44; Charles Mix County 

south of SD 44 to the Douglas County 

line; south on SD 50 to Geddes; east on 

the Geddes Highway to U.S. 281; south 

on U.S. 281 and U.S. 18 to SD 50; south 

and east on SD 50 to the Bon Homme 

County line; the Counties of Bon 

Homme, Yankton, and Clay south of SD 

50; and Union County south and west 

of SD 50 and I–29. 

Low Plains Middle Zone: The 

remainder of South Dakota. 

Texas 

High Plains: That portion of the State 

west of a line extending south from the 

Oklahoma State line along U.S. 183 to 

Vernon, south along U.S. 283 to Albany, 

south along TX 6 to TX 351 to Abilene, 

south along U.S. 277 to Del Rio, then 

south along the Del Rio International 

Toll Bridge access road to the Mexico 

border. 

Low Plains North Zone: That portion 

of northeastern Texas east of the High 

Plains Zone and north of a line 

beginning at the International Toll 

Bridge south of Del Rio, then extending 

east on U.S. 90 to San Antonio, then 

continuing east on I–10 to the Louisiana 

State line at Orange, Texas. 

Low Plains South Zone: The 

remainder of Texas. 

Wyoming (Central Flyway portion) 

Zone C1: Big Horn, Converse, Goshen, 

Hot Springs, Natrona, Park, Platte, and 

Washakie Counties; and Fremont 

County excluding the portions west or 

south of the Continental Divide. 

Zone C2: Campbell, Crook, Johnson, 

Niobrara, Sheridan, and Weston 

Counties. 

Zone C3: Albany and Laramie 

Counties; and that portion of Carbon 

County east of the Continental Divide. 

Pacific Flyway 

Arizona 

North Zone: Game Management Units 

1–5, those portions of Game 

Management Units 6 and 8 within 

Coconino County, and Game 

Management Units 7, 9, and 12A. 

South Zone: Those portions of Game 

Management Units 6 and 8 in Yavapai 

County, and Game Management Units 

10 and 12B–45. 

California 

Northeastern Zone: That portion of 

California lying east and north of a line 

beginning at the intersection of 

Interstate 5 with the California–Oregon 

line; south along Interstate 5 to its 

junction with Walters Lane south of the 

town of Yreka; west along Walters Lane 

to its junction with Easy Street; south 

along Easy Street to the junction with 

Old Highway 99; south along Old 

Highway 99 to the point of intersection 

with Interstate 5 north of the town of 

Weed; south along Interstate 5 to its 

junction with Highway 89; east and 

south along Highway 89 to Main Street 

Greenville; north and east to its junction 

with North Valley Road; south to its 

junction of Diamond Mountain Road; 

north and east to its junction with North 

Arm Road; south and west to the 

junction of North Valley Road; south to 

the junction with Arlington Road (A22); 

west to the junction of Highway 89; 

south and west to the junction of 

Highway 70; east on Highway 70 to 

Highway 395; south and east on 

Highway 395 to the point of intersection 

with the California–Nevada State line; 

north along the California–Nevada State 

line to the junction of the California– 


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Nevada–Oregon State lines; west along 

the California–Oregon State line to the 

point of origin. 

Colorado River Zone: Those portions 

of San Bernardino, Riverside, and 

Imperial Counties east of a line from the 

intersection of Highway 95 with the 

California–Nevada State line; south on 

Highway 95 through the junction with 

Highway 40; south on Highway 95 to 

Vidal Junction; south through the town 

of Rice to the San Bernardino–Riverside 

County line on a road known as 

‘‘Aqueduct Road’’ also known as 

Highway 62 in San Bernardino County; 

southwest on Highway 62 to Desert 

Center Rice Road; south on Desert 

Center Rice Road/Highway 177 to the 

town of Desert Center; east 31 miles on 

Interstate 10 to its intersection with 

Wiley Well Road; south on Wiley Well 

Road to Wiley Well; southeast on 

Milpitas Wash Road to the Blythe, 

Brawley, Davis Lake intersections; south 

on Blythe Ogilby Road also known as 

County Highway 34 to its intersection 

with Ogilby Road; south on Ogilby Road 

to its intersection with Interstate 8; east 

7 miles on Interstate 8 to its intersection 

with the Andrade-Algodones Road/ 

Highway 186; south on Highway 186 to 

its intersection with the U.S.–Mexico 

border at Los Algodones, Mexico. 

Southern Zone: That portion of 

southern California (but excluding the 

Colorado River zone) south and east of 

a line beginning at the mouth of the 

Santa Maria River at the Pacific Ocean; 

east along the Santa Maria River to 

where it crosses Highway 101–166 near 

the City of Santa Maria; north on 

Highway 101–166; east on Highway 166 

to the junction with Highway 99; south 

on Highway 99 to the junction of 

Interstate 5; south on Interstate 5 to the 

crest of the Tehachapi Mountains at 

Tejon Pass; east and north along the 

crest of the Tehachapi Mountains to 

where it intersects Highway 178 at 

Walker Pass; east on Highway 178 to the 

junction of Highway 395 at the town of 

Inyokern; south on Highway 395 to the 

junction of Highway 58; east on 

Highway 58 to the junction of Interstate 

15; east on Interstate 15 to the junction 

with Highway 127; north on Highway 

127 to the point of intersection with the 

California–Nevada State line. 

Southern San Joaquin Valley Zone: 

All of Kings and Tulare Counties and 

that portion of Kern County north of the 

Southern Zone. 

Balance of State Zone: The remainder 

of California not included in the 

Northeastern, Colorado River, Southern, 

and the Southern San Joaquin Valley 

Zones. 

Colorado (Pacific Flyway Portion) 

Eastern Zone: Routt, Grand, Summit, 

Eagle, and Pitkin Counties, those 

portions of Saguache, San Juan, 

Hinsdale, and Mineral Counties west of 

the Continental Divide, those portions 

of Gunnison County except the North 

Fork of the Gunnison River Valley 

(Game Management Units 521, 53, and 

63), and that portion of Moffat County 

east of the northern intersection of 

Moffat County Road 29 with the Moffat– 

Routt County line, south along Moffat 

County Road 29 to the intersection of 

Moffat County Road 29 with the Moffat– 

Routt County line (Elkhead Reservoir 

State Park). 

Western Zone: All areas west of the 

Continental Divide not included in the 

Eastern Zone. 

Idaho 

Zone 1: All lands and waters within 

the Fort Hall Indian Reservation, 

including private inholdings; Power 

County east of State Highway 37 and 

State Highway 39; and Bannock, Bear 

Lake, Bingham, Bonneville, Butte, 

Caribou, Clark, Fremont, Jefferson, 

Madison, and Teton Counties. 

Zone 2: Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, 

Kootenai, and Shoshone Counties. 

Zone 3: Power County west of State 

Highway 37 and State Highway 39, and 

Ada, Adams, Blaine, Boise, Camas, 

Canyon, Cassia, Clearwater, Custer, 

Elmore, Franklin, Gem, Gooding, Idaho, 

Jerome, Latah, Lemhi, Lewis, Lincoln, 

Minidoka, Nez Perce, Oneida, Owyhee, 

Payette, Twin Falls, and Washington 

Counties. 

Zone 4: Valley County. 

Nevada 

Northeast Zone: Elko, Eureka, Lander, 

and White Pine Counties. 

Northwest Zone: Carson City, 

Churchill, Douglas, Humboldt, Lyon, 

Mineral, Pershing, Storey, and Washoe 

Counties. 

South Zone: Clark, Esmeralda, 

Lincoln, and Nye Counties. 

Moapa Valley Special Management 

Area: That portion of Clark County 

including the Moapa Valley to the 

confluence of the Muddy and Virgin 

Rivers. 

Oregon 

Zone 1: Benton, Clackamas, Clatsop, 

Columbia, Coos, Curry, Douglas, 

Gilliam, Hood River, Jackson, Josephine, 

Lane, Lincoln, Linn, Marion, Morrow, 

Multnomah, Polk, Sherman, Tillamook, 

Umatilla, Wasco, Washington, and 

Yamhill, Counties. 

Zone 2: The remainder of Oregon not 

included in Zone 1. 

Utah 

Northern Zone: Box Elder, Cache, 

Daggett, Davis, Duchesne, Morgan, Rich, 

Salt Lake, Summit, Uintah, Utah, 

Wasatch, and Weber Counties, and that 

part of Toole County north of I–80. 

Southern Zone: The remainder of 

Utah not included in the Northern Zone. 

Washington 

East Zone: All areas east of the Pacific 

Crest Trail and east of the Big White 

Salmon River in Klickitat County. 

West Zone: The remainder of 

Washington not included in the East 

Zone. 

Wyoming (Pacific Flyway Portion) 

Snake River Zone: Beginning at the 

south boundary of Yellowstone National 

Park and the Continental Divide; south 

along the Continental Divide to Union 

Pass and the Union Pass Road (U.S.F.S. 

Road 600); west and south along the 

Union Pass Road to U.S.F.S. Road 605; 

south along U.S.F.S. Road 605 to the 

Bridger–Teton National Forest 

boundary; along the national forest 

boundary to the Idaho State line; north 

along the Idaho State line to the south 

boundary of Yellowstone National Park; 

east along the Yellowstone National 

Park boundary to the Continental 

Divide. 

Balance of State Zone: The remainder 

of the Pacific Flyway portion of 

Wyoming not included in the Snake 

River Zone. 

Geese 

Atlantic Flyway 

Connecticut 

Early Canada and Cackling Goose 

Seasons 

South Zone: Same as for ducks. 

North Zone: Same as for ducks. 

Regular Seasons 

AP Unit: Litchfield County and the 

portion of Hartford County west of a 

line beginning at the Massachusetts 

border in Suffield and extending south 

along Route 159 to its intersection with 

I–91 in Hartford, and then extending 

south along I–91 to its intersection with 

the Hartford–Middlesex County line. 

NAP–H Unit: That part of the State 

east of a line beginning at the 

Massachusetts border in Suffield and 

extending south along Route 159 to its 

intersection with I–91 in Hartford and 

then extending south along I–91 to State 

Street in New Haven; then south on 

State Street to Route 34, west on Route 

34 to Route 8, south along Route 8 to 

Route 110, south along Route 110 to 

Route 15, north along Route 15 to the 


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Milford Parkway, south along the 

Milford Parkway to I–95, north along I– 

95 to the intersection with the east shore 

of the Quinnipiac River, south to the 

mouth of the Quinnipiac River and then 

south along the eastern shore of New 

Haven Harbor to the Long Island Sound. 

Atlantic Flyway Resident Population 

(AFRP) Unit: Remainder of the State not 

included in AP and NAP Units. 

South Zone: Same as for ducks. 

Maine 

North NAP–H Zone: Same as North 

Zone for ducks. 

Coastal NAP–L Zone: Same as Coastal 

Zone for ducks. 

South NAP–H Zone: Same as South 

Zone for ducks. 

Maryland 

Early Canada and Cackling Goose 

Seasons 

Eastern Unit: Calvert, Caroline, Cecil, 

Dorchester, Harford, Kent, Queen 

Anne’s, St. Mary’s, Somerset, Talbot, 

Wicomico, and Worcester Counties; and 

that part of Anne Arundel County east 

of Interstate 895, Interstate 97, and 

Route 3; that part of Prince George’s 

County east of Route 3 and Route 301; 

and that part of Charles County east of 

Route 301 to the Virginia State line. 

Western Unit: Allegany, Baltimore, 

Carroll, Frederick, Garrett, Howard, 

Montgomery, and Washington Counties 

and that part of Anne Arundel County 

west of Interstate 895, Interstate 97, and 

Route 3; that part of Prince George’s 

County west of Route 3 and Route 301; 

and that part of Charles County west of 

Route 301 to the Virginia State line. 

Regular Seasons 

Resident Population (RP) Zone: 

Allegany, Frederick, Garrett, 

Montgomery, and Washington Counties; 

that portion of Prince George’s County 

west of Route 3 and Route 301; that 

portion of Charles County west of Route 

301 to the Virginia State line; and that 

portion of Carroll County west of Route 

31 to the intersection of Route 97, and 

west of Route 97 to the Pennsylvania 

State line. 

AP Zone: Remainder of the State. 

Massachusetts 

NAP Zone: Central and Coastal Zones 

(see duck zones). 

AP Zone: The Western Zone (see duck 

zones). 

Special Late Season Area: The Central 

Zone and that portion of the Coastal 

Zone (see duck zones) that lies north of 

the Cape Cod Canal, north to the New 

Hampshire State line. 

New Hampshire 

Same zones as for ducks. 

New Jersey 

AP Zone: North and South Zones (see 

duck zones). 

NAP Zone: The Coastal Zone (see 

duck zones). 

Special Late Season Area: In northern 

New Jersey, that portion of the State 

within a continuous line that runs east 

along the New York State boundary line 

to the Hudson River; then south along 

the New York State boundary to its 

intersection with Route 440 at Perth 

Amboy; then west on Route 440 to its 

intersection with Route 287; then west 

along Route 287 to its intersection with 

Route 206 in Bedminster (Exit 18); then 

north along Route 206 to its intersection 

with Route 94; then west along Route 94 

to the toll bridge in Columbia; then 

north along the Pennsylvania State 

boundary in the Delaware River to the 

beginning point. In southern New 

Jersey, that portion of the State within 

a continuous line that runs west from 

the Atlantic Ocean at Ship Bottom along 

Route 72 to Route 70; then west along 

Route 70 to Route 206; then south along 

Route 206 to Route 536; then west along 

Route 536 to Route 322; then west along 

Route 322 to Route 55; then south along 

Route 55 to Route 553 (Buck Road); then 

south along Route 553 to Route 40; then 

east along Route 40 to route 55; then 

south along Route 55 to Route 552 

(Sherman Avenue); then west along 

Route 552 to Carmel Road; then south 

along Carmel Road to Route 49; then 

east along Route 49 to Route 555; then 

south along Route 555 to Route 553; 

then east along Route 553 to Route 649; 

then north along Route 649 to Route 

670; then east along Route 670 to Route 

47; then north along Route 47 to Route 

548; then east along Route 548 to Route 

49; then east along Route 49 to Route 50; 

then south along Route 50 to Route 9; 

then south along Route 9 to Route 625 

(Sea Isle City Boulevard); then east 

along Route 625 to the Atlantic Ocean; 

then north to the beginning point. 

New York 

Lake Champlain Goose Area: The 

same as the Lake Champlain Waterfowl 

Hunting Zone, which is that area of New 

York State lying east and north of a 

continuous line extending along Route 

11 from the New York–Canada 

international boundary south to Route 

9B, south along Route 9B to Route 9, 

south along Route 9 to Route 22 south 

of Keeseville, south along Route 22 to 

the west shore of South Bay along and 

around the shoreline of South Bay to 

Route 22 on the east shore of South Bay, 

southeast along Route 22 to Route 4, 

northeast along Route 4 to the New 

York–Vermont boundary. 

Northeast Goose Area: The same as 

the Northeastern Waterfowl Hunting 

Zone, which is that area of New York 

State lying north of a continuous line 

extending from Lake Ontario east along 

the north shore of the Salmon River to 

Interstate 81, south along Interstate 81 to 

Route 31, east along Route 31 to Route 

13, north along Route 13 to Route 49, 

east along Route 49 to Route 365, east 

along Route 365 to Route 28, east along 

Route 28 to Route 29, east along Route 

29 to Route 22 at Greenwich Junction, 

north along Route 22 to Washington 

County Route 153, east along CR 153 to 

the New York–Vermont boundary, 

exclusive of the Lake Champlain Zone. 

East Central Goose Area: That area of 

New York State lying inside of a 

continuous line extending from 

Interstate Route 81 in Cicero, east along 

Route 31 to Route 13, north along Route 

13 to Route 49, east along Route 49 to 

Route 365, east along Route 365 to 

Route 28, east along Route 28 to Route 

29, east along Route 29 to Route 147 at 

Kimball Corners, south along Route 147 

to Schenectady County Route 40 (West 

Glenville Road), west along Route 40 to 

Touareuna Road, south along Touareuna 

Road to Schenectady County Route 59, 

south along Route 59 to State Route 5, 

east along Route 5 to the Lock 9 bridge, 

southwest along the Lock 9 bridge to 

Route 5S, southeast along Route 5S to 

Schenectady County Route 58, 

southwest along Route 58 to the NYS 

Thruway, south along the Thruway to 

Route 7, southwest along Route 7 to 

Schenectady County Route 103, south 

along Route 103 to Route 406, east along 

Route 406 to Schenectady County Route 

99 (Windy Hill Road), south along Route 

99 to Dunnsville Road, south along 

Dunnsville Road to Route 397, 

southwest along Route 397 to Route 146 

at Altamont, west along Route 146 to 

Albany County Route 252, northwest 

along Route 252 to Schenectady County 

Route 131, north along Route 131 to 

Route 7, west along Route 7 to Route 10 

at Richmondville, south on Route 10 to 

Route 23 at Stamford, west along Route 

23 to Route 7 in Oneonta, southwest 

along Route 7 to Route 79 to Interstate 

Route 88 near Harpursville, west along 

Route 88 to Interstate Route 81, north 

along Route 81 to the point of 

beginning. 

West Central Goose Area: That area of 

New York State lying within a 

continuous line beginning at the point 

where the northerly extension of Route 

269 (County Line Road on the Niagara– 

Orleans County boundary) meets the 

international boundary with Canada, 


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south to the shore of Lake Ontario at the 

eastern boundary of Golden Hill State 

Park, south along the extension of Route 

269 and Route 269 to Route 104 at 

Jeddo, west along Route 104 to Niagara 

County Route 271, south along Route 

271 to Route 31E at Middleport, south 

along Route 31E to Route 31, west along 

Route 31 to Griswold Street, south along 

Griswold Street to Ditch Road, south 

along Ditch Road to Foot Road, south 

along Foot Road to the north bank of 

Tonawanda Creek, west along the north 

bank of Tonawanda Creek to Route 93, 

south along Route 93 to Route 5, east 

along Route 5 to Crittenden–Murrays 

Corners Road, south on Crittenden– 

Murrays Corners Road to the NYS 

Thruway, east along the Thruway 90 to 

Route 98 (at Thruway Exit 48) in 

Batavia, south along Route 98 to Route 

20, east along Route 20 to Route 19 in 

Pavilion Center, south along Route 19 to 

Route 63, southeast along Route 63 to 

Route 246, south along Route 246 to 

Route 39 in Perry, northeast along Route 

39 to Route 20A, northeast along Route 

20A to Route 20, east along Route 20 to 

Route 364 (near Canandaigua), south 

and east along Route 364 to Yates 

County Route 18 (Italy Valley Road), 

southwest along Route 18 to Yates 

County Route 34, east along Route 34 to 

Yates County Route 32, south along 

Route 32 to Steuben County Route 122, 

south along Route 122 to Route 53, 

south along Route 53 to Steuben County 

Route 74, east along Route 74 to Route 

54A (near Pulteney), south along Route 

54A to Steuben County Route 87, east 

along Route 87 to Steuben County Route 

96, east along Route 96 to Steuben 

County Route 114, east along Route 114 

to Schuyler County Route 23, east and 

southeast along Route 23 to Schuyler 

County Route 28, southeast along Route 

28 to Route 409 at Watkins Glen, south 

along Route 409 to Route 14, south 

along Route 14 to Route 224 at Montour 

Falls, east along Route 224 to Route 228 

in Odessa, north along Route 228 to 

Route 79 in Mecklenburg, east along 

Route 79 to Route 366 in Ithaca, 

northeast along Route 366 to Route 13, 

northeast along Route 13 to Interstate 

Route 81 in Cortland, north along Route 

81 to the north shore of the Salmon 

River to shore of Lake Ontario, 

extending generally northwest in a 

straight line to the nearest point of the 

international boundary with Canada, 

south and west along the international 

boundary to the point of beginning. 

Hudson Valley Goose Area: That area 

of New York State lying within a 

continuous line extending from Route 4 

at the New York–Vermont boundary, 

west and south along Route 4 to Route 

149 at Fort Ann, west on Route 149 to 

Route 9, south along Route 9 to 

Interstate Route 87 (at Exit 20 in Glens 

Falls), south along Route 87 to Route 29, 

west along Route 29 to Route 147 at 

Kimball Corners, south along Route 147 

to Schenectady County Route 40 (West 

Glenville Road), west along Route 40 to 

Touareuna Road, south along Touareuna 

Road to Schenectady County Route 59, 

south along Route 59 to State Route 5, 

east along Route 5 to the Lock 9 bridge, 

southwest along the Lock 9 bridge to 

Route 5S, southeast along Route 5S to 

Schenectady County Route 58, 

southwest along Route 58 to the NYS 

Thruway, south along the Thruway to 

Route 7, southwest along Route 7 to 

Schenectady County Route 103, south 

along Route 103 to Route 406, east along 

Route 406 to Schenectady County Route 

99 (Windy Hill Road), south along Route 

99 to Dunnsville Road, south along 

Dunnsville Road to Route 397, 

southwest along Route 397 to Route 146 

at Altamont, southeast along Route 146 

to Main Street in Altamont, west along 

Main Street to Route 156, southeast 

along Route 156 to Albany County 

Route 307, southeast along Route 307 to 

Route 85A, southwest along Route 85A 

to Route 85, south along Route 85 to 

Route 443, southeast along Route 443 to 

Albany County Route 301 at Clarksville, 

southeast along Route 301 to Route 32, 

south along Route 32 to Route 23 at 

Cairo, west along Route 23 to Joseph 

Chadderdon Road, southeast along 

Joseph Chadderdon Road to Hearts 

Content Road (Greene County Route 31), 

southeast along Route 31 to Route 32, 

south along Route 32 to Greene County 

Route 23A, east along Route 23A to 

Interstate Route 87 (the NYS Thruway), 

south along Route 87 to Route 28 (Exit 

19) near Kingston, northwest on Route 

28 to Route 209, southwest on Route 

209 to the New York–Pennsylvania 

boundary, southeast along the New 

York–Pennsylvania boundary to the 

New York–New Jersey boundary, 

southeast along the New York–New 

Jersey boundary to Route 210 near 

Greenwood Lake, northeast along Route 

210 to Orange County Route 5, northeast 

along Orange County Route 5 to Route 

105 in the Village of Monroe, east and 

north along Route 105 to Route 32, 

northeast along Route 32 to Orange 

County Route 107 (Quaker Avenue), east 

along Route 107 to Route 9W, north 

along Route 9W to the south bank of 

Moodna Creek, southeast along the 

south bank of Moodna Creek to the New 

Windsor–Cornwall town boundary, 

northeast along the New Windsor– 

Cornwall town boundary to the Orange– 

Dutchess County boundary (middle of 

the Hudson River), north along the 

county boundary to Interstate Route 84, 

east along Route 84 to the Dutchess– 

Putnam County boundary, east along the 

county boundary to the New York– 

Connecticut boundary, north along the 

New York–Connecticut boundary to the 

New York–Massachusetts boundary, 

north along the New York– 

Massachusetts boundary to the New 

York–Vermont boundary, north to the 

point of beginning. 

Eastern Long Island Goose Area (NAP 

High Harvest Area): That area of Suffolk 

County lying east of a continuous line 

extending due south from the New 

York–Connecticut boundary to the 

northernmost end of Roanoke Avenue in 

the Town of Riverhead; then south on 

Roanoke Avenue (which becomes 

County Route 73) to State Route 25; then 

west on Route 25 to Peconic Avenue; 

then south on Peconic Avenue to 

County Route (CR) 104 (Riverleigh 

Avenue); then south on CR 104 to CR 31 

(Old Riverhead Road); then south on CR 

31 to Oak Street; then south on Oak 

Street to Potunk Lane; then west on 

Stevens Lane; then south on Jessup 

Avenue (in Westhampton Beach) to 

Dune Road (CR 89); then due south to 

international waters. 

Western Long Island Goose Area (RP 

Area): That area of Westchester County 

and its tidal waters southeast of 

Interstate Route 95 and that area of 

Nassau and Suffolk Counties lying west 

of a continuous line extending due 

south from the New York–Connecticut 

boundary to the northernmost end of 

Sound Road (just east of Wading River 

Marsh); then south on Sound Road to 

North Country Road; then west on North 

Country Road to Randall Road; then 

south on Randall Road to Route 25A, 

then west on Route 25A to the Sunken 

Meadow State Parkway; then south on 

the Sunken Meadow Parkway to the 

Sagtikos State Parkway; then south on 

the Sagtikos Parkway to the Robert 

Moses State Parkway; then south on the 

Robert Moses Parkway to its 

southernmost end; then due south to 

international waters. 

Central Long Island Goose Area (NAP 

Low Harvest Area): That area of Suffolk 

County lying between the Western and 

Eastern Long Island Goose Areas, as 

defined above. 

South Goose Area: The remainder of 

New York State, excluding New York 

City. 

North Carolina 

Northeast Zone: Includes the 

following counties or portions of 

counties: Bertie (that portion north and 

east of a line formed by NC 45 at the 

Washington County line to U.S. 17 in 


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Midway, U.S. 17 in Midway to U.S. 13 

in Windsor, U.S. 13 in Windsor to the 

Hertford County line), Camden, 

Chowan, Currituck, Dare, Hyde, 

Pasquotank, Perquimans, Tyrrell, and 

Washington. 

RP Zone: Remainder of the State. 

Pennsylvania 

Resident Canada and Cackling Goose 

Zone: All of Pennsylvania area east of 

route SR 97 from the Maryland State 

Line to the intersection of SR 194, east 

of SR 194 to the intersection of U.S. 

Route 30, south of U.S. Route 30 to SR 

441, east of SR 441 to SR 743, east of 

SR 743 to intersection of I–81, east of I– 

81 to intersection of I–80, and south of 

I–80 to the New Jersey State line. 

AP Zone: The area east of route SR 97 

from Maryland State Line to the 

intersection of SR 194, east of SR 194 to 

intersection of U.S. Route 30, south of 

U.S. Route 30 to SR 441, east of SR 441 

to SR 743, east of SR 743 to intersection 

of I–81, east of I–81 to intersection of I– 

80, south of I–80 to the New Jersey State 

line. 

Rhode Island 

Special Area for Canada and Cackling 

Geese: Kent and Providence Counties 

and portions of the towns of Exeter and 

North Kingston within Washington 

County (see State regulations for 

detailed descriptions). 

South Carolina 

Canada and Cackling Goose Area: 

Statewide except for the following area: 

East of U.S. 301: That portion of 

Clarendon County bounded to the North 

by S–14–25, to the East by Hwy 260, 

and to the South by the markers 

delineating the channel of the Santee 

River. 

West of U.S. 301: That portion of 

Clarendon County bounded on the 

North by S–14–26 extending southward 

to that portion of Orangeburg County 

bordered by Hwy 6. 

Vermont 

Same zones as for ducks. 

Virginia 

AP Zone: The area east and south of 

the following line—the Stafford County 

line from the Potomac River west to 

Interstate 95 at Fredericksburg, then 

south along Interstate 95 to Petersburg, 

then Route 460 (SE) to City of Suffolk, 

then south along Route 32 to the North 

Carolina line. 

SJBP Zone: The area to the west of the 

AP Zone boundary and east of the 

following line: the ‘‘Blue Ridge’’ 

(mountain spine) at the West Virginia– 

Virginia border (Loudoun County– 

Clarke County line) south to Interstate 

64 (the Blue Ridge line follows county 

borders along the western edge of 

Loudoun–Fauquier–Rappahannock– 

Madison–Greene–Albemarle and into 

Nelson Counties), then east along 

Interstate Route 64 to Route 15, then 

south along Route 15 to the North 

Carolina line. 

RP Zone: The remainder of the State 

west of the SJBP Zone. 

Mississippi Flyway 

Arkansas 

Northwest Zone: Baxter, Benton, 

Boone, Carroll, Conway, Crawford, 

Faulkner, Franklin, Johnson, Logan, 

Madison, Marion, Newton, Perry, Pope, 

Pulaski, Searcy, Sebastian, Scott, Van 

Buren, Washington, and Yell Counties. 

Remainder of State: That portion of 

the State outside of the Northwest Zone. 

Illinois 

North Zone: That portion of the State 

north of a line extending west from the 

Indiana border along Interstate 80 to I– 

39, south along I–39 to Illinois Route 18, 

west along Illinois Route 18 to Illinois 

Route 29, south along Illinois Route 29 

to Illinois Route 17, west along Illinois 

Route 17 to the Mississippi River, and 

due south across the Mississippi River 

to the Iowa border. 

Central Zone: That portion of the 

State south of the North Goose Zone line 

to a line extending west from the 

Indiana border along I–70 to Illinois 

Route 4, south along Illinois Route 4 to 

Illinois Route 161, west along Illinois 

Route 161 to Illinois Route 158, south 

and west along Illinois Route 158 to 

Illinois Route 159, south along Illinois 

Route 159 to Illinois Route 3, south 

along Illinois Route 3 to St. Leo’s Road, 

south along St. Leo’s Road to Modoc 

Road, west along Modoc Road to Modoc 

Ferry Road, southwest along Modoc 

Ferry Road to Levee Road, southeast 

along Levee Road to County Route 12 

(Modoc Ferry entrance Road), south 

along County Route 12 to the Modoc 

Ferry route and southwest on the Modoc 

Ferry route across the Mississippi River 

to the Missouri border. 

South Zone: Same zone as for ducks. 

South Central Zone: Same zone as for 

ducks. 

Indiana 

Same zones as for ducks. 

Iowa 

Same zones as for ducks. 

Louisiana 

North Zone: That portion of the State 

north of the line from the Texas border 

at State Hwy 190/12 east to State Hwy 

49, then south on State Hwy 49 to 

Interstate 10, then east on Interstate 10 

to Interstate 12, then east on Interstate 

12 to Interstate 10, then east on 

Interstate 10 to the Mississippi State 

line. 

South Zone: Remainder of the State. 

Michigan 

North Zone: Same as North duck 

zone. 

Middle Zone: Same as Middle duck 

zone. 

South Zone: Same as South duck 

zone. 

Allegan County Game Management 

Unit (GMU): That area encompassed by 

a line beginning at the junction of 136th 

Avenue and Interstate Highway 196 in 

Lake Town Township and extending 

easterly along 136th Avenue to 

Michigan Highway 40, southerly along 

Michigan 40 through the city of Allegan 

to 108th Avenue in Trowbridge 

Township, westerly along 108th Avenue 

to 46th Street, northerly along 46th 

Street to 109th Avenue, westerly along 

109th Avenue to I–196 in Casco 

Township, then northerly along I–196 to 

the point of beginning. 

Muskegon Wastewater GMU: That 

portion of Muskegon County within the 

boundaries of the Muskegon County 

wastewater system, east of the 

Muskegon State Game Area, in sections 

5, 6, 7, 8, 17, 18, 19, 20, 29, 30, and 32, 

T10N R14W, and sections 1, 2, 10, 11, 

12, 13, 14, 24, and 25, T10N R15W, as 

posted. 

Minnesota 

Same zones as for ducks. 

Missouri 

Same zones as for ducks. 

Ohio 

Same zones as for ducks. 

Tennessee 

Reelfoot Zone: The lands and waters 

within the boundaries of Reelfoot Lake 

WMA only. 

Remainder of State: The remainder of 

the State. 

Wisconsin 

North and South Zones: Same zones 

as for ducks. 

Mississippi River Zone: That area 

encompassed by a line beginning at the 

intersection of the Burlington Northern 

& Santa Fe Railway and the Illinois 

State line in Grant County and 

extending northerly along the 

Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway 

to the city limit of Prescott in Pierce 

County, then west along the Prescott 

city limit to the Minnesota State line. 


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Central Flyway 

Colorado (Central Flyway Portion) 

Northern Front Range Area: All areas 

in Boulder, Larimer, and Weld Counties 

from the Continental Divide east along 

the Wyoming border to U.S. 85, south 

on U.S. 85 to the Adams County line, 

and all lands in Adams, Arapahoe, 

Broomfield, Clear Creek, Denver, 

Douglas, Gilpin, and Jefferson Counties. 

North Park Area: Jackson County. 

South Park Area: Chaffee, Custer, 

Fremont, Lake, Park, and Teller 

Counties. 

San Luis Valley Area: All of Alamosa, 

Conejos, Costilla, and Rio Grande 

Counties, and those portions of 

Saguache, Mineral, Hinsdale, Archuleta, 

and San Juan Counties east of the 

Continental Divide. 

Remainder: Remainder of the Central 

Flyway portion of Colorado. 

Eastern Colorado Late Light Goose 

Area: That portion of the State east of 

Interstate Highway 25. 

Montana (Central Flyway Portion) 

Zone 1: Same as Zone 1 for ducks and 

coots. 

Zone 2: Same as Zone 2 for ducks and 

coots. 

Nebraska 

Dark Geese 

Niobrara Unit: That area contained 

within and bounded by the intersection 

of the Nebraska–South Dakota border 

and U.S. Hwy 83, south to U.S. Hwy 20, 

east to NE Hwy 14, north along NE Hwy 

14 to NE Hwy 59 and County Road 872, 

west along County Road 872 to the Knox 

County Line, north along the Knox 

County Line to the Nebraska–South 

Dakota border, west along the Nebraska– 

South Dakota border to U.S. Hwy 83. 

Where the Niobrara River forms the 

boundary, both banks of the river are 

included in the Niobrara Unit. 

Platte River Unit: The area bounded 

starting at the northernmost intersection 

of the Interstate Canal at the Nebraska– 

Wyoming border, south along the 

Nebraska–Wyoming border to the 

Nebraska–Colorado border, east and 

south along the Nebraska–Colorado 

border to the Nebraska–Kansas border, 

east along the Nebraska–Kansas border 

to the Nebraska–Missouri border, north 

along the Nebraska–Missouri and 

Nebraska–Iowa borders to the Burt– 

Washington County line, west along the 

Burt–Washington County line to U.S. 

Hwy 75, south to Dodge County Road 4/ 

Washington County Road 4, west to U.S. 

Hwy 77, south to U.S. Hwy 275, 

northwest to U.S. Hwy 91, west to NE 

Hwy 45, north to NE Hwy 32, west to 

NE Hwy 14, north to NE Hwy 70, west 

to U.S. Hwy 281, south to NE Hwy 70, 

west along NE Hwy 70/91 to NE Hwy 

11, north to the Holt County Line, west 

along the northern border of Garfield, 

Loup, Blaine, and Thomas Counties to 

the Hooker County Line, south along the 

Thomas–Hooker County Lines to the 

McPherson County Line, east along the 

south border of Thomas County to the 

Custer County Line, south along the 

Custer–Logan County lines to NE Hwy 

92, west to U.S. Hwy 83, north to NE 

Hwy 92, west to NE Hwy 61, north to 

NE Hwy 2, west along NE Hwy 2 to the 

corner formed by Garden, Grant, and 

Sheridan Counties, west along the north 

borders of Garden, Morrill, and Scotts 

Bluff Counties to the intersection with 

the Interstate Canal, north and west 

along the Interstate Canal to the 

intersection with the Nebraska– 

Wyoming border. 

North-Central Unit: Those portions of 

the State not in the Niobrara and Platte 

River zones. 

Light Geese 

Rainwater Basin Light Goose Area: 

The area bounded by the junction of NE 

Hwy 92 and NE Hwy 15, south along NE 

Hwy 15 to NE Hwy 4, west along NE 

Hwy 4 to U.S. Hwy 34, west along U.S. 

Hwy 34 to U.S. Hwy 283, north along 

U.S. Hwy 283 to U.S. Hwy 30, east along 

U.S. Hwy 30 to NE Hwy 92, east along 

NE Hwy 92 to the beginning. 

Remainder of State: The remainder of 

Nebraska. 

New Mexico (Central Flyway Portion) 

Dark Geese 

Middle Rio Grande Valley Unit: 

Sierra, Socorro, and Valencia Counties. 

Remainder: The remainder of the 

Central Flyway portion of New Mexico. 

North Dakota 

Missouri River Canada and Cackling 

Goose Zone: The area within and 

bounded by a line starting where ND 

Hwy 6 crosses the South Dakota border; 

then north on ND Hwy 6 to I–94; then 

west on I–94 to ND Hwy 49; then north 

on ND Hwy 49 to ND Hwy 200; then 

west on ND Hwy 200; then north on ND 

Hwy 8 to the Mercer/McLean County 

line; then east following the county line 

until it turns south toward Garrison 

Dam; then east along a line (including 

Mallard Island) of Lake Sakakawea to 

U.S. Hwy 83; then south on U.S. Hwy 

83 to ND Hwy 200; then east on ND 

Hwy 200 to ND Hwy 41; then south on 

ND Hwy 41 to U.S. Hwy 83; then south 

on U.S. Hwy 83 to I–94; then east on I– 

94 to U.S. Hwy 83; then south on U.S. 

Hwy 83 to the South Dakota border; 

then west along the South Dakota border 

to ND Hwy 6. 

Western North Dakota Canada and 

Cackling Goose Zone: Same as the High 

Plains Unit for ducks, mergansers, and 

coots, excluding the Missouri River 

Canada Goose Zone. 

Rest of State: Remainder of North 

Dakota. 

South Dakota 

Early Canada and Cackling Goose 

Seasons 

Special Early Canada and Cackling 

Goose Unit: The Counties of Campbell, 

Clark, Codington, Day, Deuel, Grant, 

Hamlin, Marshall, Roberts, Walworth; 

that portion of Perkins County west of 

State Highway 75 and south of State 

Highway 20; that portion of Dewey 

County north of Bureau of Indian Affairs 

Road 8, Bureau of Indian Affairs Road 

9, and the section of U.S. Highway 212 

east of the Bureau of Indian Affairs Road 

8 junction; that portion of Potter County 

east of U.S. Highway 83; that portion of 

Sully County east of U.S. Highway 83; 

portions of Hyde, Buffalo, Brule, and 

Charles Mix Counties north and east of 

a line beginning at the Hughes–Hyde 

County line on State Highway 34, east 

to Lees Boulevard, southeast to State 

Highway 34, east 7 miles to 350th 

Avenue, south to Interstate 90 on 350th 

Avenue, south and east on State 

Highway 50 to Geddes, east on 285th 

Street to U.S. Highway 281, and north 

on U.S. Highway 281 to the Charles 

Mix–Douglas County boundary; that 

portion of Bon Homme County north of 

State Highway 50; those portions of 

Yankton and Clay Counties north of a 

line beginning at the junction of State 

Highway 50 and 306th Street/County 

Highway 585 in Bon Homme County, 

east to U.S. Highway 81, then north on 

U.S. Highway 81 to 303rd Street, then 

east on 303rd Street to 444th Avenue, 

then south on 444th Avenue to 305th 

Street, then east on 305th Street/Bluff 

Road to State Highway 19, then south to 

State Highway 50 and east to the Clay/ 

Union County Line; Aurora, Beadle, 

Brookings, Brown, Butte, Corson, 

Davison, Douglas, Edmunds, Faulk, 

Haakon, Hand, Hanson, Harding, 

Hutchinson, Jackson, Jerauld, Jones, 

Kingsbury, Lake, McCook, McPherson, 

Meade, Mellette, Miner, Moody, Oglala 

Lakota (formerly Shannon), Sanborn, 

Spink, Todd, Turner, and Ziebach 

Counties; and those portions of 

Minnehaha and Lincoln Counties 

outside of an area bounded by a line 

beginning at the junction of the South 

Dakota–Minnesota State line and 

Minnehaha County Highway 122 (254th 

Street) west to its junction with 

Minnehaha County Highway 149 (464th 

Avenue), south on Minnehaha County 


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Highway 149 (464th Avenue) to 

Hartford, then south on Minnehaha 

County Highway 151 (463rd Avenue) to 

State Highway 42, east on State 

Highway 42 to State Highway 17, south 

on State Highway 17 to its junction with 

Lincoln County Highway 116 (Klondike 

Road), and east on Lincoln County 

Highway 116 (Klondike Road) to the 

South Dakota–Iowa State line, then 

north along the South Dakota–Iowa and 

South Dakota–Minnesota border to the 

junction of the South Dakota–Minnesota 

State line and Minnehaha County 

Highway 122 (254th Street). 

Regular Seasons 

Unit 1: Same as that for the Special 

Early Canada and Cackling Goose Unit. 

Unit 2: All of South Dakota not 

included in Unit 1 and Unit 3. 

Unit 3: Bennett County. 

Texas 

Northeast Goose Zone: That portion of 

Texas lying east and north of a line 

beginning at the Texas–Oklahoma 

border at U.S. 81, then continuing south 

to Bowie and then southeasterly along 

U.S. 81 and U.S. 287 to I–35W and I– 

35 to the juncture with I–10 in San 

Antonio, then east on I–10 to the Texas– 

Louisiana border. 

Southeast Goose Zone: That portion 

of Texas lying east and south of a line 

beginning at the International Toll 

Bridge at Laredo, then continuing north 

following I–35 to the juncture with I–10 

in San Antonio, then easterly along I– 

10 to the Texas–Louisiana border. 

West Goose Zone: The remainder of 

the State. 

Wyoming (Central Flyway Portion) 

Dark Geese 

Zone G1: Big Horn, Converse, Hot 

Springs, Natrona, Park, and Washakie 

Counties. 

Zone G1A: Goshen and Platte 

Counties. 

Zone G2: Campbell, Crook, Johnson, 

Niobrara, Sheridan, and Weston 

Counties. 

Zone G3: Albany and Laramie 

Counties; and that portion of Carbon 

County east of the Continental Divide. 

Zone G4: Fremont County excluding 

those portions south or west of the 

Continental Divide. 

Pacific Flyway 

Arizona 

Same zones as for ducks. 

California 

Northeastern Zone: That portion of 

California lying east and north of a line 

beginning at the intersection of 

Interstate 5 with the California–Oregon 

line; south along Interstate 5 to its 

junction with Walters Lane south of the 

town of Yreka; west along Walters Lane 

to its junction with Easy Street; south 

along Easy Street to the junction with 

Old Highway 99; south along Old 

Highway 99 to the point of intersection 

with Interstate 5 north of the town of 

Weed; south along Interstate 5 to its 

junction with Highway 89; east and 

south along Highway 89 to main street 

Greenville; north and east to its junction 

with North Valley Road; south to its 

junction of Diamond Mountain Road; 

north and east to its junction with North 

Arm Road; south and west to the 

junction of North Valley Road; south to 

the junction with Arlington Road (A22); 

west to the junction of Highway 89; 

south and west to the junction of 

Highway 70; east on Highway 70 to 

Highway 395; south and east on 

Highway 395 to the point of intersection 

with the California–Nevada State line; 

north along the California–Nevada State 

line to the junction of the California– 

Nevada–Oregon State lines west along 

the California–Oregon State line to the 

point of origin. 

Klamath Basin Special Management 

Area: Beginning at the intersection of 

Highway 161 and Highway 97; east on 

Highway 161 to Hill Road; south on Hill 

Road to N Dike Road West Side; east on 

N Dike Road West Side until the 

junction of the Lost River; north on N 

Dike Road West Side until the Volcanic 

Legacy Scenic Byway; east on Volcanic 

Legacy Scenic Byway until N Dike Road 

East Side; south on the N Dike Road 

East Side; continue east on N Dike Road 

East Side to Highway 111; south on 

Highway 111/Great Northern Road to 

Highway 120/Highway 124; west on 

Highway 120/Highway 124 to Hill Road; 

south on Hill Road until Lairds Camp 

Road; west on Lairds Camp Road until 

Willow Creek; west and south on 

Willow Creek to Red Rock Road; west 

on Red Rock Road until Meiss Lake 

Road/Old State Highway; north on 

Meiss Lake Road/Old State Highway to 

Highway 97; north on Highway 97 to the 

point of origin. 

Colorado River Zone: Those portions 

of San Bernardino, Riverside, and 

Imperial Counties east of a line from the 

intersection of Highway 95 with the 

California–Nevada State line; south on 

Highway 95 through the junction with 

Highway 40; south on Highway 95 to 

Vidal Junction; south through the town 

of Rice to the San Bernardino–Riverside 

County line on a road known as 

‘‘Aqueduct Road’’ also known as 

Highway 62 in San Bernardino County; 

southwest on Highway 62 to Desert 

Center Rice Road; south on Desert 

Center Rice Road/Highway 177 to the 

town of Desert Center; east 31 miles on 

Interstate 10 to its intersection with 

Wiley Well Road; south on Wiley Well 

Road to Wiley Well; southeast on 

Milpitas Wash Road to the Blythe, 

Brawley, Davis Lake intersections; south 

on Blythe Ogilby Road also known as 

County Highway 34 to its intersection 

with Ogilby Road; south on Ogilby Road 

to its intersection with Interstate 8; east 

7 miles on Interstate 8 to its intersection 

with the Andrade-Algodones Road/ 

Highway 186; south on Highway 186 to 

its intersection with the U.S.–Mexico 

border at Los Algodones, Mexico. 

Southern Zone: That portion of 

southern California (but excluding the 

Colorado River zone) south and east of 

a line beginning at the mouth of the 

Santa Maria River at the Pacific Ocean; 

east along the Santa Maria River to 

where it crosses Highway 101–166 near 

the City of Santa Maria; north on 

Highway 101–166; east on Highway 166 

to the junction with Highway 99; south 

on Highway 99 to the junction of 

Interstate 5; south on Interstate 5 to the 

crest of the Tehachapi Mountains at 

Tejon Pass; east and north along the 

crest of the Tehachapi Mountains to 

where it intersects Highway 178 at 

Walker Pass; east on Highway 178 to the 

junction of Highway 395 at the town of 

Inyokern; south on Highway 395 to the 

junction of Highway 58; east on 

Highway 58 to the junction of Interstate 

15; east on Interstate 15 to the junction 

with Highway 127; north on Highway 

127 to the point of intersection with the 

California–Nevada State line. 

Imperial County Special Management 

Area: The area bounded by a line 

beginning at Highway 86 and the Navy 

Test Base Road; south on Highway 86 to 

the town of Westmoreland; continue 

through the town of Westmoreland to 

Route S26; east on Route S26 to 

Highway 115; north on Highway 115 to 

Weist Road; north on Weist Road to 

Flowing Wells Road; northeast on 

Flowing Wells Road to the Coachella 

Canal; northwest on the Coachella Canal 

to Drop 18; a straight line from Drop 18 

to Frink Road; south on Frink Road to 

Highway 111; north on Highway 111 to 

Niland Marina Road; southwest on 

Niland Marina Road to the old Imperial 

County boat ramp and the water line of 

the Salton Sea; from the water line of 

the Salton Sea, a straight line across the 

Salton Sea to the Salinity Control 

Research Facility and the Navy Test 

Base Road; southwest on the Navy Test 

Base Road to the point of beginning. 

Balance of State Zone: The remainder 

of California not included in the 

Northeastern, Colorado River, and 

Southern Zones. 


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North Coast Special Management 

Area: Del Norte and Humboldt 

Counties. 

Sacramento Valley Special 

Management Area: That area bounded 

by a line beginning at Willows south on 

I–5 to Hahn Road; easterly on Hahn 

Road and the Grimes–Arbuckle Road to 

Grimes; northerly on CA 45 to the 

junction with CA 162; northerly on CA 

45/162 to Glenn; and westerly on CA 

162 to the point of beginning in 

Willows. 

Colorado (Pacific Flyway Portion) 

Same zones as for ducks. 

Idaho 

Early Canada and Cackling Goose 

Seasons 

Zone 1: Bannock, Butte, Clark, 

Fremont, Jefferson, Madison, and Teton 

Counties; Bingham County, except that 

portion within the Blackfoot Reservoir 

drainage; Caribou County within the 

Fort Hall Indian Reservation; Power 

County east of State Highway 37 and 

State Highway 39; and all lands and 

waters within the Fort Hall Indian 

Reservation, including private inholdings. 

Zone 2: Bonneville County. 

Zone 3: Ada, Adams, Blaine, Boise, 

Camas, Canyon, Cassia, Clearwater, 

Custer, Elmore, Franklin, Gem, Gooding, 

Idaho, Jerome, Latah, Lemhi, Lewis, 

Lincoln, Minidoka, Nez Perce, Oneida, 

Owyhee, Payette, Twin Falls, and 

Washington Counties; and Power 

County west of State Highway 37 and 

State Highway 39. 

Zone 4: Bear Lake County; Bingham 

County within the Blackfoot Reservoir 

drainage; and Caribou County, except 

that portion within the Fort Hall Indian 

Reservation. 

Zone 5: Valley County. 

Zone 6: Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, 

Kootenai, and Shoshone Counties. 

Regular Seasons 

Canada and Cackling Geese and Brant 

Same as for early Canada and cackling 

goose seasons. 

White-Fronted Geese 

Zone 1: Bannock County; Bingham 

County except that portion within the 

Blackfoot Reservoir drainage; Caribou 

County within the Fort Hall Indian 

Reservation; Power County east of State 

Highway 37 and State Highway 39; and 

all lands and waters within the Fort Hall 

Indian Reservation, including private 

in-holdings. 

Zone 2: Bear Lake, Bonneville, Butte, 

Clark, Fremont, Jefferson, Madison, and 

Teton Counties; Bingham County within 

the Blackfoot Reservoir drainage; and 

Caribou County except within the Fort 

Hall Indian Reservation. 

Zone 3: Adams, Blaine, Camas, 

Clearwater, Custer, Franklin, Idaho, 

Latah, Lemhi, Lewis, Nez Perce, and 

Oneida Counties; and Power County 

west of State Highway 37 and State 

Highway 39. 

Zone 4: Ada, Boise, Canyon, Cassia, 

Elmore, Gem, Gooding, Jerome, Lincoln, 

Minidoka, Owyhee, Payette, Twin Falls, 

and Washington Counties. 

Zone 5: Valley County. 

Zone 6: Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, 

Kootenai, and Shoshone Counties. 

Light Geese 

Zone 1: All lands and waters within 

the Fort Hall Indian Reservation, 

including private in-holdings; Bannock 

County; Bingham County east of the 

west bank of the Snake River, west of 

the McTucker boat ramp access road, 

and east of the American Falls Reservoir 

bluff, except that portion within the 

Blackfoot Reservoir drainage; Caribou 

County within the Fort Hall Indian 

Reservation; and Power County below 

the American Falls Reservoir bluff, and 

within the Fort Hall Indian Reservation. 

Zone 2: Franklin and Oneida 

Counties; Bingham County west of the 

west bank of the Snake River, east of the 

McTucker boat ramp access road, and 

west of the American Falls Reservoir 

bluff; Power County, except below the 

American Falls Reservoir bluff and 

those lands and waters within the Fort 

Hall Indian Reservation. 

Zone 3: Ada, Boise, Canyon, Cassia, 

Elmore, Gem, Gooding, Jerome, Lincoln, 

Minidoka, Owyhee, Payette, Twin Falls, 

and Washington Counties. 

Zone 4: Adams, Blaine, Camas, 

Clearwater, Custer, Idaho, Latah, Lemhi, 

Lewis, and Nez Perce Counties. 

Zone 5: Bear Lake, Bonneville, Butte, 

Clark, Fremont, Jefferson, Madison, and 

Teton Counties; Bingham County within 

the Blackfoot Reservoir drainage; and 

Caribou County except within the Fort 

Hall Indian Reservation. 

Zone 6: Valley County. 

Zone 7: Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, 

Kootenai, and Shoshone Counties. 

Nevada 

Same zones as for ducks. 

New Mexico (Pacific Flyway Portion) 

North Zone: The Pacific Flyway 

portion of New Mexico located north of 

I–40. 

South Zone: The Pacific Flyway 

portion of New Mexico located south of 

I–40. 

Oregon 

Northwest Permit Zone: Benton, 

Clackamas, Clatsop, Columbia, Lane, 

Lincoln, Linn, Marion, Multnomah, 

Polk, Tillamook, Washington, and 

Yamhill Counties. 

Tillamook County Management Area: 

That portion of Tillamook County 

beginning at the point where Old Woods 

Road crosses the south shores of Horn 

Creek, north on Old Woods Road to 

Sand Lake Road at Woods, north on 

Sand Lake Road to the intersection with 

McPhillips Drive, due west (∼200 yards) 

from the intersection to the Pacific 

coastline, south along the Pacific 

coastline to a point due west of the 

western end of Pacific Avenue in Pacific 

City, east from this point (∼250 yards) to 

Pacific Avenue, east on Pacific Avenue 

to Brooten Road, south and then east on 

Brooten Road to Highway 101, north on 

Highway 101 to Resort Drive, north on 

Resort Drive to a point due west of the 

south shores of Horn Creek at its 

confluence with the Nestucca River, due 

east (∼80 yards) across the Nestucca 

River to the south shores of Horn Creek, 

east along the south shores of Horn 

Creek to the point of beginning. 

Southwest Zone: Those portions of 

Douglas, Coos, and Curry Counties east 

of Highway 101, and Josephine and 

Jackson Counties. 

South Coast Zone: Those portions of 

Douglas, Coos, and Curry Counties west 

of Highway 101. 

Eastern Zone: Baker, Crook, 

Deschutes, Grant, Harney, Jefferson, 

Klamath, Lake, Malheur, Union, 

Wallowa, and Wheeler Counties. 

Mid-Columbia Zone: Gilliam, Hood 

River, Morrow, Sherman, Umatilla, and 

Wasco Counties. 

Utah 

East Box Elder County Zone: 

Boundary begins at the intersection of 

the eastern boundary of Public Shooting 

Grounds Waterfowl Management Area 

and SR–83 (Promontory Road); east 

along SR–83 to I–15; south on I–15 to 

the Perry access road; southwest along 

this road to the Bear River Bird Refuge 

boundary; west, north, and then east 

along the refuge boundary until it 

intersects the Public Shooting Grounds 

Waterfowl Management Area boundary; 

east and north along the Public Shooting 

Grounds Waterfowl Management Area 

boundary to SR–83. 

Wasatch Front Zone: Boundary begins 

at the Weber–Box Elder County line at 

I–15; east along Weber County line to 

U.S.–89; south on U.S.–89 to I–84; east 

and south on I–84 to I–80; south on I– 

80 to U.S.–189; south and west on U.S.– 

189 to the Utah County line; southeast 


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and then west along this line to the 

Tooele County line; north along the 

Tooele County line to I–80; east on I– 

80 to Exit 99; north from Exit 99 along 

a direct line to the southern tip of 

Promontory Point and Promontory 

Road; east and north along this road to 

the causeway separating Bear River Bay 

from Ogden Bay; east on this causeway 

to the southwest corner of Great Salt 

Lake Mineral Corporations (GSLMC) 

west impoundment; north and east 

along GSLMC’s west impoundment to 

the northwest corner of the 

impoundment; north from this point 

along a direct line to the southern 

boundary of Bear River Migratory Bird 

Refuge; east along this southern 

boundary to the Perry access road; 

northeast along this road to I–15; south 

along I–15 to the Weber–Box Elder 

County line. 

Southern Zone: Boundary includes 

Beaver, Carbon, Emery, Garfield, Grand, 

Iron, Juab, Kane, Millard, Piute, San 

Juan, Sanpete, Sevier, Washington, and 

Wayne Counties, and that part of Tooele 

County south of I–80. 

Northern Zone: The remainder of 

Utah not included in the East Box Elder 

County, Wasatch Front, and Southern 

Zones. 

Washington 

Area 1: Skagit and Whatcom 

Counties, and that portion of 

Snohomish County west of Interstate 5. 

Area 2 Inland (Southwest Permit 

Zone): Clark, Cowlitz, and Wahkiakum 

Counties, and that portion of Grays 

Harbor County east of Highway 101. 

Area 2 Coastal (Southwest Permit 

Zone): Pacific County and that portion 

of Grays Harbor County west of 

Highway 101. 

Area 3: All areas west of the Pacific 

Crest Trail and west of the Big White 

Salmon River that are not included in 

Areas 1, 2 Coastal, and 2 Inland. 

Area 4: Adams, Benton, Chelan, 

Douglas, Franklin, Grant, Kittitas, 

Lincoln, Okanogan, Spokane, and Walla 

Walla Counties. 

Area 5: All areas east of the Pacific 

Crest Trail and east of the Big White 

Salmon River that are not included in 

Area 4. 

Wyoming 

Early Canada and Cackling Goose 

Seasons 

Teton County Zone: Teton County. 

Balance of State Zone: Remainder of 

the State. 

Brant 

Pacific Flyway 

California 

Northern Zone: Del Norte, Humboldt, 

and Mendocino Counties. 

Balance of State Zone: The remainder 

of the State not included in the 

Northern Zone. 

Washington 

Puget Sound Zone: Clallam, Skagit, 

and Whatcom Counties. 

Coastal Zone: Pacific County. 

Swans 

Central Flyway 

South Dakota 

Open Area: Aurora, Beadle, 

Brookings, Brown, Brule, Buffalo, 

Campbell, Clark, Codington, Davison, 

Day, Deuel, Edmunds, Faulk, Grant, 

Hamlin, Hand, Hanson, Hughes, Hyde, 

Jerauld, Kingsbury, Lake, Marshall, 

McCook, McPherson, Miner, 

Minnehaha, Moody, Potter, Roberts, 

Sanborn, Spink, Sully, and Walworth 

Counties. 

Pacific Flyway 

Idaho 

Open Area: Benewah, Bonner, 

Boundary, and Kootenai Counties. 

Montana (Pacific Flyway Portion) 

Open Area: Cascade, Chouteau, Hill, 

Liberty, and Toole Counties and those 

portions of Pondera and Teton Counties 

lying east of U.S. 287–89. 

Nevada 

Open Area: Churchill, Lyon, and 

Pershing Counties. 

Utah 

Open Area: Those portions of Box 

Elder, Weber, Davis, Salt Lake, and 

Toole Counties lying west of I–15, north 

of I–80, and south of a line beginning 

from the Forest Street exit to the Bear 

River National Wildlife Refuge 

boundary; then north and west along the 

Bear River National Wildlife Refuge 

boundary to the farthest west boundary 

of the Refuge; then west along a line to 

Promontory Road; then north on 

Promontory Road to the intersection of 

SR 83; then north on SR 83 to I–84; then 

north and west on I–84 to State Hwy 30; 

then west on State Hwy 30 to the 

Nevada–Utah State line; then south on 

the Nevada–Utah State line to I–80. 

Doves 

Alabama 

South Zone: Baldwin, Coffee, 

Covington, Dale, Escambia, Geneva, 

Henry, Houston, and Mobile Counties. 

North Zone: Remainder of the State. 

Florida 

Northwest Zone: The Counties of Bay, 

Calhoun, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, 

Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Liberty, 

Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton, 

Washington, Leon (except that portion 

north of U.S. 27 and east of State Road 

155), Jefferson (south of U.S. 27, west of 

State Road 59 and north of U.S. 98), and 

Wakulla (except that portion south of 

U.S. 98 and east of the St. Marks River). 

South Zone: The remainder of the 

State. 

Louisiana 

North Zone: That portion of the State 

north of a line extending east from the 

Texas border along State Highway 12 to 

U.S. Highway 190, east along U.S. 

Highway 190 to Interstate Highway 12, 

east along Interstate Highway 12 to 

Interstate Highway 10, then east along 

Interstate Highway 10 to the Mississippi 

border. 

South Zone: The remainder of the 

State. 

Mississippi 

North Zone: That portion of the State 

north and west of a line extending west 

from the Alabama State line along U.S. 

Highway 84 to its junction with State 

Highway 35, then south along State 

Highway 35 to the Louisiana State line. 

South Zone: The remainder of 

Mississippi. 

New Mexico 

North Zone: North of I–40 from the 

New Mexico/Arizona border to U.S. 

Hwy. 54 at Tucumcari; U.S. Hwy. 54 

from Tucumcari to the New Mexico/ 

Texas border. 

South Zone: South of I–40 from the 

New Mexico/Arizona border to U.S. 

Hwy. 54 at Tucumcari; U.S. Hwy. 54 

from Tucumcari to the New Mexico/ 

Texas border. 

Oregon 

Zone 1: Benton, Clackamas, Clatsop, 

Columbia, Coos, Curry, Douglas, 

Gilliam, Hood River, Jackson, Josephine, 

Lane, Lincoln, Linn, Marion, Morrow, 

Multnomah, Polk, Sherman, Tillamook, 

Umatilla, Wasco, Washington, and 

Yamhill, Counties. 

Zone 2: The remainder of Oregon not 

included in Zone 1. 

Texas 

North Zone: That portion of the State 

north of a line beginning at the 

International Bridge south of Fort 

Hancock; north along FM 1088 to TX 20; 

west along TX 20 to TX 148; north along 

TX 148 to I–10 at Fort Hancock; east 


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along I–10 to I–20; northeast along I–20 

to I–30 at Fort Worth; northeast along I– 

30 to the Texas–Arkansas State line. 

Central Zone: That portion of the 

State lying between the North and South 

Zones. 

South Zone: That portion of the State 

south and west of a line beginning at the 

International Bridge south of Del Rio, 

proceeding east on U.S. 90 to State Loop 

1604 west of San Antonio; then south, 

east, and north along Loop 1604 to I–10 

east of San Antonio; then east on I–10 

to Orange, Texas. 

Special White-winged Dove Area: 

Same as the South Zone. 

New Mexico 

North Zone: That portion of the State 

north of a line following I–40 from the 

Arizona border east to U.S. Hwy 54 at 

Tucumcari and U.S. Hwy 54 at 

Tucumcari east to the Texas border. 

South Zone: The remainder of the 

State not included in the North Zone. 

Band-Tailed Pigeons 

California 

North Zone: Alpine, Butte, Del Norte, 

Glenn, Humboldt, Lassen, Mendocino, 

Modoc, Plumas, Shasta, Sierra, 

Siskiyou, Tehama, and Trinity Counties. 

South Zone: The remainder of the 

State not included in the North Zone. 

New Mexico 

North Zone: North of a line following 

U.S. 60 from the Arizona State line east 

to I–25 at Socorro and then south along 

I–25 from Socorro to the Texas State 

line. 

South Zone: The remainder of the 

State not included in the North Zone. 

Washington 

Western Washington: The State of 

Washington excluding those portions 

lying east of the Pacific Crest Trail and 

east of the Big White Salmon River in 

Klickitat County. 

American Woodcock 

New Jersey 

North Zone: That portion of the State 

north of NJ 70. 

South Zone: The remainder of the 

State. 

Sandhill Cranes 

Mississippi Flyway 

Alabama 

Open Area: That area north of 

Interstate 20 from the Georgia State line 

to the interchange with Interstate 65, 

then east of Interstate 65 to the 

interchange with Interstate 22, then 

north of Interstate 22 to the Mississippi 

State line. 

Minnesota 

Northwest Zone: That portion of the 

State encompassed by a line extending 

east from the North Dakota border along 

U.S. Highway 2 to State Trunk Highway 

(STH) 32, north along STH 32 to STH 

92, east along STH 92 to County State 

Aid Highway (CSAH) 2 in Polk County, 

north along CSAH 2 to CSAH 27 in 

Pennington County, north along CSAH 

27 to STH 1, east along STH 1 to CSAH 

28 in Pennington County, north along 

CSAH 28 to CSAH 54 in Marshall 

County, north along CSAH 54 to CSAH 

9 in Roseau County, north along CSAH 

9 to STH 11, west along STH 11 to STH 

310, and north along STH 310 to the 

Manitoba border. 

Tennessee 

Southeast Crane Zone: That portion of 

the State south of Interstate 40 and east 

of State Highway 56. 

Remainder of State: That portion of 

Tennessee outside of the Southeast 

Crane Zone. 

Central Flyway 

Colorado 

Open Area: The Central Flyway 

portion of the State except the San Luis 

Valley (Alamosa, Conejos, Costilla, 

Hinsdale, Mineral, Rio Grande, and 

Saguache Counties east of the 

Continental Divide) and North Park 

(Jackson County). 

Kansas 

Central Zone: That portion of the 

State within an area bounded by a line 

beginning where I–35 crosses the 

Kansas–Oklahoma border, then north on 

I–35 to Wichita, then north on I–135 to 

Salina, then north on U.S. 81 to the 

Nebraska border, then west along the 

Kansas–Nebraska border to its 

intersection with Hwy 283, then south 

on Hwy 283 to the intersection with 

Hwy 18/24, then east along Hwy 18 to 

Hwy 183, then south on Hwy 183 to 

Route 1, then south on Route 1 to the 

Oklahoma border, then east along the 

Kansas–Oklahoma border to where it 

crosses I–35. 

West Zone: That portion of the State 

west of the western boundary of the 

Central Zone. 

Montana 

Regular Season Open Area: The 

Central Flyway portion of the State 

except for that area south and west of 

Interstate 90, which is closed to sandhill 

crane hunting. 

Special Season Open Area: Carbon 

County. 

New Mexico 

Regular-Season Open Area: Chaves, 

Curry, De Baca, Eddy, Lea, Quay, and 

Roosevelt Counties. 

Special Season Open Areas 

Middle Rio Grande Valley Area: The 

Central Flyway portion of New Mexico 

in Socorro and Valencia Counties. 

Estancia Valley Area: Those portions 

of Santa Fe, Torrance, and Bernallilo 

Counties within an area bounded on the 

west by New Mexico Highway 55 

beginning at Mountainair north to NM 

337, north to NM 14, north to I–25; on 

the north by I–25 east to U.S. 285; on 

the east by U.S. 285 south to U.S. 60; 

and on the south by U.S. 60 from U.S. 

285 west to NM 55 in Mountainair. 

Southwest Zone: Area bounded on the 

south by the New Mexico–Mexico 

border; on the west by the New Mexico– 

Arizona border north to Interstate 10; on 

the north by Interstate 10 east to U.S. 

180, north to NM 26, east to NM 27, 

north to NM 152, and east to Interstate 

25; on the east by Interstate 25 south to 

Interstate 10, west to the Luna County 

line, and south to the New Mexico– 

Mexico border. 

North Dakota 

Area 1: That portion of the State west 

of U.S. 281. 

Area 2: That portion of the State east 

of U.S. 281. 

Oklahoma 

Open Area: That portion of the State 

west of I–35. 

South Dakota 

Open Area: That portion of the State 

lying west of a line beginning at the 

South Dakota–North Dakota border and 

State Highway 25, south on State 

Highway 25 to its junction with State 

Highway 34, east on State Highway 34 

to its junction with U.S. Highway 81, 

then south on U.S. Highway 81 to the 

South Dakota–Nebraska border. 

Texas 

Zone A: That portion of Texas lying 

west of a line beginning at the 

international toll bridge at Laredo, then 

northeast along U.S. Highway 81 to its 

junction with Interstate Highway 35 in 

Laredo, then north along Interstate 

Highway 35 to its junction with 

Interstate Highway 10 in San Antonio, 

then northwest along Interstate Highway 

10 to its junction with U.S. Highway 83 

at Junction, then north along U.S. 

Highway 83 to its junction with U.S. 

Highway 62, 16 miles north of 

Childress, then east along U.S. Highway 

62 to the Texas–Oklahoma State line. 


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Zone B: That portion of Texas lying 

within boundaries beginning at the 

junction of U.S. Highway 81 and the 

Texas–Oklahoma State line, then 

southeast along U.S. Highway 81 to its 

junction with U.S. Highway 287 in 

Montague County, then southeast along 

U.S. Highway 287 to its junction with 

Interstate Highway 35W in Fort Worth, 

then southwest along Interstate 

Highway 35 to its junction with 

Interstate Highway 10 in San Antonio, 

then northwest along Interstate Highway 

10 to its junction with U.S. Highway 83 

in the town of Junction, then north 

along U.S. Highway 83 to its junction 

with U.S. Highway 62, 16 miles north of 

Childress, then east along U.S. Highway 

62 to the Texas–Oklahoma State line, 

then south along the Texas–Oklahoma 

State line to the south bank of the Red 

River, then eastward along the 

vegetation line on the south bank of the 

Red River to U.S. Highway 81. 

Zone C: The remainder of the State, 

except for the closed areas. 

Closed areas: 

A. That portion of the State lying east 

and north of a line beginning at the 

junction of U.S. Highway 81 and the 

Texas–Oklahoma State line, then 

southeast along U.S. Highway 81 to its 

junction with U.S. Highway 287 in 

Montague County, then southeast along 

U.S. Highway 287 to its junction with I– 

35W in Fort Worth, then southwest 

along I–35 to its junction with U.S. 

Highway 290 East in Austin, then east 

along U.S. Highway 290 to its junction 

with Interstate Loop 610 in Harris 

County, then south and east along 

Interstate Loop 610 to its junction with 

Interstate Highway 45 in Houston, then 

south on Interstate Highway 45 to State 

Highway 342, then to the shore of the 

Gulf of Mexico, and then north and east 

along the shore of the Gulf of Mexico to 

the Texas–Louisiana State line. 

B. That portion of the State lying 

within the boundaries of a line 

beginning at the Kleberg–Nueces County 

line and the shore of the Gulf of Mexico, 

then west along the County line to Park 

Road 22 in Nueces County, then north 

and west along Park Road 22 to its 

junction with State Highway 358 in 

Corpus Christi, then west and north 

along State Highway 358 to its junction 

with State Highway 286, then north 

along State Highway 286 to its junction 

with Interstate Highway 37, then east 

along Interstate Highway 37 to its 

junction with U.S. Highway 181, then 

north and west along U.S. Highway 181 

to its junction with U.S. Highway 77 in 

Sinton, then north and east along U.S. 

Highway 77 to its junction with U.S. 

Highway 87 in Victoria, then south and 

east along U.S. Highway 87 to its 

junction with State Highway 35 at Port 

Lavaca, then north and east along State 

Highway 35 to the south end of the 

Lavaca Bay Causeway, then south and 

east along the shore of Lavaca Bay to its 

junction with the Port Lavaca Ship 

Channel, then south and east along the 

Lavaca Bay Ship Channel to the Gulf of 

Mexico, and then south and west along 

the shore of the Gulf of Mexico to the 

Kleberg–Nueces County line. 

Wyoming 

Area 4: All lands within the Bureau 

of Reclamation’s Riverton and Boysen 

Unit boundaries; those lands within 

Boysen State Park south of Cottonwood 

Creek, west of Boysen Reservoir, and 

south of U.S. Highway 20–26; and all 

non-Indian owned fee title lands within 

the exterior boundaries of the Wind 

River Reservation, excluding those 

lands within Hot Springs County. 

Area 6: Big Horn, Hot Springs, Park, 

and Washakie Counties. 

Area 7: Campbell, Converse, Crook, 

Goshen, Laramie, Niobrara, Platte, and 

Weston Counties. 

Area 8: Johnson, Natrona, and 

Sheridan Counties. 

Pacific Flyway 

Arizona 

Zone 1: Beginning at the junction of 

the New Mexico State line and U.S. 

Hwy 80; south along the State line to the 

U.S.–Mexico border; west along the 

border to the San Pedro River; north 

along the San Pedro River to the 

junction with Arizona Hwy 77; 

northerly along Arizona Hwy 77 to the 

Gila River; northeast along the Gila 

River to the San Carlos Indian 

Reservation boundary; south then east 

and north along the reservation 

boundary to U.S. Hwy 70; southeast on 

U.S. Hwy 70 to U.S. Hwy 191; south on 

U.S. Hwy 191 to the 352 exit on I–10; 

east on I–10 to Bowie-Apache Pass 

Road; southerly on the Bowie-Apache 

Pass Road to Arizona Hwy 186; 

southeasterly on Arizona Hwy 186 to 

Arizona Hwy 181; south on Arizona 

Hwy 181 to the West Turkey CreekKuykendall cutoff road; southerly on the 

Kuykendall cutoff road to Rucker 

Canyon Road; easterly on Rucker 

Canyon Road to the Tex Canyon Road; 

southerly on Tex Canyon Road to U.S. 

Hwy 80; northeast on U.S. Hwy 80 to 

the New Mexico State line. 

Zone 2: Beginning at I–10 and the 

New Mexico State line; north along the 

State line to Arizona Hwy 78; southwest 

on Arizona Hwy 78 to U.S. Hwy 191; 

northwest on U.S. Hwy 191 to Clifton; 

westerly on the Lower Eagle Creek Road 

(Pump Station Road) to Eagle Creek; 

northerly along Eagle Creek to the San 

Carlos Indian Reservation boundary; 

southerly and west along the reservation 

boundary to U.S. Hwy 70; southeast on 

U.S. Hwy 70 to U.S. Hwy 191; south on 

U.S. Hwy 191 to I–10; easterly on I–10 

to the New Mexico State line. 

Zone 3: Beginning on I–10 at the New 

Mexico State line; westerly on I–10 to 

the Bowie-Apache Pass Road; southerly 

on the Bowie-Apache Pass Road to AZ 

Hwy 186; southeast on AZ Hwy 186 to 

AZ Hwy 181; south on AZ Hwy 181 to 

the West Turkey Creek–Kuykendall 

cutoff road; southerly on the Kuykendall 

cutoff road to Rucker Canyon Road; 

easterly on the Rucker Canyon Road to 

Tex Canyon Road; southerly on Tex 

Canyon Road to U.S. Hwy 80; northeast 

on U.S. Hwy 80 to the New Mexico 

State line; north along the State line to 

I–10. 

Idaho 

Area 1: All of Bear Lake County and 

all of Caribou County except that 

portion lying within the Grays Lake 

Basin. 

Area 2: All of Teton County except 

that portion lying west of State Highway 

33 and south of Packsaddle Road (West 

400 North) and north of the North 

Cedron Road (West 600 South) and east 

of the west bank of the Teton River. 

Area 3: All of Fremont County except 

the Chester Wetlands Wildlife 

Management Area. 

Area 4: All of Jefferson County. 

Area 5: All of Bannock County east of 

Interstate 15 and south of U.S. Highway 

30; and all of Franklin County. 

Area 6: That portion of Oneida 

County within the boundary beginning 

at the intersection of the Idaho–Utah 

border and Old Highway 191, then 

north on Old Highway 191 to 1500 S, 

then west on 1500 S to Highway 38, 

then west on Highway 38 to 5400 W, 

then south on 5400 W to Pocatello 

Valley Road, then west and south on 

Pocatello Valley Road to 10000 W, then 

south on 10000 W to the Idaho–Utah 

border, then east along the Idaho–Utah 

border to the beginning point. 

Montana 

Zone 1: Those portions of Deer Lodge 

County lying within the following 

described boundary: beginning at the 

intersection of I–90 and Highway 273, 

then westerly along Highway 273 to the 

junction of Highway 1, then southeast 

along said highway to Highway 275 at 

Opportunity, then east along said 

highway to East Side County road, then 

north along said road to Perkins Lane, 

then west on said lane to I–90, then 

north on said interstate to the junction 

of Highway 273, the point of beginning. 


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42632 Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 135 / Friday, July 15, 2022 / Rules and Regulations 

Except for sections 13 and 24, T5N, 

R10W; and Warm Springs Pond number 

3. 

Zone 2: That portion of the Pacific 

Flyway, located in Powell County lying 

within the following described 

boundary: beginning at the junction of 

State Routes 141 and 200, then west 

along Route 200 to its intersection with 

the Blackfoot River at Russell Gates 

Fishing Access Site (Powell–Missoula 

County line), then southeast along said 

river to its intersection with the 

Ovando–Helmville Road (County Road 

104) at Cedar Meadows Fishing Access 

Site, then south and east along said road 

to its junction with State Route 141, 

then north along said route to its 

junction with State Route 200, the point 

of beginning. 

Zone 3: Beaverhead, Gallatin, 

Jefferson, and Madison Counties. 

Zone 4: Broadwater County. 

Zone 5: Cascade and Teton Counties. 

Utah 

Cache County: Cache County. 

East Box Elder County: That portion 

of Box Elder County beginning on the 

Utah–Idaho State line at the Box Elder– 

Cache County line; west on the State 

line to the Pocatello Valley County 

Road; south on the Pocatello Valley 

County Road to I–15; southeast on I–15 

to SR–83; south on SR–83 to Lamp 

Junction; west and south on the 

Promontory Point County Road to the 

tip of Promontory Point; south from 

Promontory Point to the Box Elder– 

Weber County line; east on the Box 

Elder–Weber County line to the Box 

Elder–Cache County line; north on the 

Box Elder–Cache County line to the 

Utah–Idaho State line. 

Rich County: Rich County. 

Uintah County: Uintah and Duchesne 

Counties. 

Wyoming 

Area 1: All of the Bear River and 

Ham’s Fork River drainages in Lincoln 

County. 

Area 2: All of the Salt River drainage 

in Lincoln County south of the McCoy 

Creek Road. 

Area 3: All lands within the Bureau 

of Reclamation’s Eden Project in 

Sweetwater County. 

Area 5: Uinta County. 

All Migratory Game Birds in Alaska 

North Zone: State Game Management 

Units 11–13 and 17–26. 

Gulf Coast Zone: State Game 

Management Units 5–7, 9, 14–16, and 

10 (Unimak Island only). 

Southeast Zone: State Game 

Management Units 1–4. 

Pribilof and Aleutian Islands Zone: 

State Game Management Unit 10 (except 

Unimak Island). 

Kodiak Zone: State Game 

Management Unit 8. 

All Migratory Game Birds in the Virgin 

Islands 

Ruth Cay Closure Area: The island of 

Ruth Cay, just south of St. Croix. 

All Migratory Game Birds in Puerto 

Rico 

Municipality of Culebra Closure Area: 

All of the municipality of Culebra. 

Desecheo Island Closure Area: All of 

Desecheo Island. 

Mona Island Closure Area: All of 

Mona Island. 

El Verde Closure Area: Those areas of 

the municipalities of Rio Grande and 

Loiza delineated as follows: (1) All 

lands between Routes 956 on the west 

and 186 on the east, from Route 3 on the 

north to the juncture of Routes 956 and 

186 (Km 13.2) in the south; (2) all lands 

between Routes 186 and 966 from the 

juncture of 186 and 966 on the north, to 

the Caribbean National Forest Boundary 

on the south; (3) all lands lying west of 

Route 186 for 1 kilometer from the 

juncture of Routes 186 and 956 south to 

Km 6 on Route 186; (4) all lands within 

Km 14 and Km 6 on the west and the 

Caribbean National Forest Boundary on 

the east; and (5) all lands within the 

Caribbean National Forest Boundary 

whether private or public. 

Cidra Municipality and adjacent 

areas: All of Cidra Municipality and 

portions of Aguas Buenas, Caguas, 

Cayey, and Comerio Municipalities as 

encompassed within the following 

boundary: beginning on Highway 172 as 

it leaves the municipality of Cidra on 

the west edge, north to Highway 156, 

east on Highway 156 to Highway 1, 

south on Highway 1 to Highway 765, 

south on Highway 765 to Highway 763, 

south on Highway 763 to the Rio 

Guavate, west along Rio Guavate to 

Highway 1, southwest on Highway 1 to 

Highway 14, west on Highway 14 to 

Highway 729, north on Highway 729 to 

Cidra Municipality boundary to the 

point of the beginning. 

Shannon A. Estenoz, 

Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and 

Parks. 

[FR Doc. 2022–15077 Filed 7–14–22; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 4333–15–P 


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