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[Congressional Bills 110th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 5351 Referred in Senate (RFS)]

  2d Session
                                H. R. 5351

_______________________________________________________________________

                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                           February 28, 2008

      Received; read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 AN ACT

 
 To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide tax incentives 
    for the production of renewable energy and energy conservation.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; AMENDMENT OF 1986 CODE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Renewable Energy 
and Energy Conservation Tax Act of 2008''.
    (b) Amendment of 1986 Code.--Except as otherwise expressly 
provided, whenever in this Act an amendment or repeal is expressed in 
terms of an amendment to, or repeal of, a section or other provision, 
the reference shall be considered to be made to a section or other 
provision of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
    (c) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; amendment of 1986 Code; table of contents.
                     TITLE I--PRODUCTION INCENTIVES

Sec. 101. Extension and modification of renewable energy credit.
Sec. 102. Production credit for electricity produced from marine 
                            renewables.
Sec. 103. Extension and modification of energy credit.
Sec. 104. New clean renewable energy bonds.
Sec. 105. Extension and modification of special rule to implement FERC 
                            and State electric restructuring policy.
Sec. 106. Extension and modification of credit for residential energy 
                            efficient property.
                         TITLE II--CONSERVATION

                       Subtitle A--Transportation

                            Part 1--Vehicles

Sec. 201. Credit for plug-in hybrid vehicles.
Sec. 202. Extension and modification of alternative fuel vehicle 
                            refueling property credit.
Sec. 203. Modification of limitation on automobile depreciation.
                             Part 2--Fuels

Sec. 211. Extension and modification of credits for biodiesel and 
                            renewable diesel.
Sec. 212. Clarification that credits for fuel are designed to provide 
                            an incentive for United States production.
Sec. 213. Credit for production of cellulosic alcohol.
                Part 3--Other Transportation Incentives

Sec. 221. Extension of transportation fringe benefit to bicycle 
                            commuters.
Sec. 222. Restructuring of New York Liberty Zone tax credits.
               Subtitle B--Other Conservation Provisions

Sec. 231. Qualified energy conservation bonds.
Sec. 232. Extension and modification of credit for nonbusiness energy 
                            property.
Sec. 233. Extension of energy efficient commercial buildings deduction.
Sec. 234. Modifications of energy efficient appliance credit for 
                            appliances produced after 2007.
Sec. 235. Five-year applicable recovery period for depreciation of 
                            qualified energy management devices.
                     TITLE III--REVENUE PROVISIONS

Sec. 301. Limitation of deduction for income attributable to domestic 
                            production of oil, gas, or primary products 
                            thereof.
Sec. 302. Clarification of determination of foreign oil and gas 
                            extraction income.
Sec. 303. Time for payment of corporate estimated taxes.
                       TITLE IV--OTHER PROVISIONS

                          Subtitle A--Studies

Sec. 401. Carbon audit of the tax code.
Sec. 402. Comprehensive study of biofuels.
Subtitle B--Application of Certain Labor Standards on Projects Financed 
                         Under Tax Credit Bonds

Sec. 411. Application of certain labor standards on projects financed 
                            under tax credit bonds.

                     TITLE I--PRODUCTION INCENTIVES

SEC. 101. EXTENSION AND MODIFICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY CREDIT.

    (a) Extension of Credit.--Each of the following provisions of 
section 45(d) (relating to qualified facilities) is amended by striking 
``January 1, 2009'' and inserting ``January 1, 2012'':
            (1) Paragraph (1).
            (2) Clauses (i) and (ii) of paragraph (2)(A).
            (3) Clauses (i)(I) and (ii) of paragraph (3)(A).
            (4) Paragraph (4).
            (5) Paragraph (5).
            (6) Paragraph (6).
            (7) Paragraph (7).
            (8) Subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (9).
    (b) Modification of Credit Phaseout.--
            (1) Repeal of phaseout.--Subsection (b) of section 45 is 
        amended--
                    (A) by striking paragraph (1), and
                    (B) by striking ``the 8 cent amount in paragraph 
                (1),'' in paragraph (2) thereof.
            (2) Limitation based on investment in facility.--Subsection 
        (b) of section 45 is amended by inserting before paragraph (2) 
        the following new paragraph:
            ``(1) Limitation based on investment in facility.--
                    ``(A) In general.--In the case of any qualified 
                facility originally placed in service after December 
                31, 2009, the amount of the credit determined under 
                subsection (a) for any taxable year with respect to 
                electricity produced at such facility shall not exceed 
                the product of--
                            ``(i) the applicable percentage with 
                        respect to such facility, multiplied by
                            ``(ii) the eligible basis of such facility.
                    ``(B) Carryforward of unused limitation and excess 
                credit.--
                            ``(i) Unused limitation.--If the limitation 
                        imposed under subparagraph (A) with respect to 
                        any facility for any taxable year exceeds the 
                        prelimitation credit for such facility for such 
                        taxable year, the limitation imposed under 
                        subparagraph (A) with respect to such facility 
                        for the succeeding taxable year shall be 
                        increased by the amount of such excess.
                            ``(ii) Excess credit.--If the prelimitation 
                        credit with respect to any facility for any 
                        taxable year exceeds the limitation imposed 
                        under subparagraph (A) with respect to such 
                        facility for such taxable year, the credit 
                        determined under subsection (a) with respect to 
                        such facility for the succeeding taxable year 
                        (determined before the application of 
                        subparagraph (A) for such succeeding taxable 
                        year) shall be increased by the amount of such 
                        excess. With respect to any facility, no amount 
                        may be carried forward under this clause to any 
                        taxable year beginning after the 10-year period 
                        described in subsection (a)(2)(A)(ii) with 
                        respect to such facility.
                            ``(iii) Prelimitation credit.--The term 
                        `prelimitation credit' with respect to any 
                        facility for a taxable year means the credit 
                        determined under subsection (a) with respect to 
                        such facility for such taxable year, determined 
                        without regard to subparagraph (A) and after 
                        taking into account any increase for such 
                        taxable year under clause (ii).
                    ``(C) Applicable percentage.--For purposes of this 
                paragraph--
                            ``(i) In general.--The term `applicable 
                        percentage' means, with respect to any 
                        facility, the appropriate percentage prescribed 
                        by the Secretary for the month in which such 
                        facility is originally placed in service.
                            ``(ii) Method of prescribing applicable 
                        percentages.--The applicable percentages 
                        prescribed by the Secretary for any month under 
                        clause (i) shall be percentages which yield 
                        over a 10-year period amounts of limitation 
                        under subparagraph (A) which have a present 
                        value equal to 35 percent of the eligible basis 
                        of the facility.
                            ``(iii) Method of discounting.--The present 
                        value under clause (ii) shall be determined--
                                    ``(I) as of the last day of the 1st 
                                year of the 10-year period referred to 
                                in clause (ii),
                                    ``(II) by using a discount rate 
                                equal to the greater of 110 percent of 
                                the Federal long-term rate as in effect 
                                under section 1274(d) for the month 
                                preceding the month for which the 
                                applicable percentage is being 
                                prescribed, or 4.5 percent, and
                                    ``(III) by taking into account the 
                                limitation under subparagraph (A) for 
                                any year on the last day of such year.
                    ``(D) Eligible basis.--For purposes of this 
                paragraph--
                            ``(i) In general.--The term `eligible 
                        basis' means, with respect to any facility, the 
                        sum of--
                                    ``(I) the basis of such facility 
                                determined as of the time that such 
                                facility is originally placed in 
                                service, and
                                    ``(II) the portion of the basis of 
                                any shared qualified property which is 
                                properly allocable to such facility 
                                under clause (ii).
                            ``(ii) Rules for allocation.--For purposes 
                        of subclause (II) of clause (i), the basis of 
                        shared qualified property shall be allocated 
                        among all qualified facilities which are 
                        projected to be placed in service and which 
                        require utilization of such property in 
                        proportion to projected generation from such 
                        facilities.
                            ``(iii) Shared qualified property.--For 
                        purposes of this paragraph, the term `shared 
                        qualified property' means, with respect to any 
                        facility, any property described in section 
                        168(e)(3)(B)(vi)--
                                    ``(I) which a qualified facility 
                                will require for utilization of such 
                                facility, and
                                    ``(II) which is not a qualified 
                                facility.
                            ``(iv) Special rule relating to geothermal 
                        facilities.--In the case of any qualified 
                        facility using geothermal energy to produce 
                        electricity, the basis of such facility for 
                        purposes of this paragraph shall be determined 
                        as though intangible drilling and development 
                        costs described in section 263(c) were 
                        capitalized rather than expensed.
                    ``(E) Special rule for first and last year of 
                credit period.--In the case of any taxable year any 
                portion of which is not within the 10-year period 
                described in subsection (a)(2)(A)(ii) with respect to 
                any facility, the amount of the limitation under 
                subparagraph (A) with respect to such facility shall be 
                reduced by an amount which bears the same ratio to the 
                amount of such limitation (determined without regard to 
                this subparagraph) as such portion of the taxable year 
                which is not within such period bears to the entire 
                taxable year.
                    ``(F) Election to treat all facilities placed in 
                service in a year as 1 facility.--At the election of 
                the taxpayer, all qualified facilities which are part 
                of the same project and which are placed in service 
                during the same calendar year shall be treated for 
                purposes of this section as 1 facility which is placed 
                in service at the mid-point of such year or the first 
                day of the following calendar year.''.
    (c) Trash Facility Clarification.--Paragraph (7) of section 45(d) 
is amended--
            (1) by striking ``facility which burns'' and inserting 
        ``facility (other than a facility described in paragraph (6)) 
        which uses'', and
            (2) by striking ``combustion''.
    (d) Expansion of Biomass Facilities.--
            (1) Open-loop biomass facilities.--Paragraph (3) of section 
        45(d) is amended by redesignating subparagraph (B) as 
        subparagraph (C) and by inserting after subparagraph (A) the 
        following new subparagraph:
                    ``(B) Expansion of facility.--Such term shall 
                include a new unit placed in service after the date of 
                the enactment of this subparagraph in connection with a 
                facility described in subparagraph (A), but only to the 
                extent of the increased amount of electricity produced 
                at the facility by reason of such new unit.''.
            (2) Closed-loop biomass facilities.--Paragraph (2) of 
        section 45(d) is amended by redesignating subparagraph (B) as 
        subparagraph (C) and inserting after subparagraph (A) the 
        following new subparagraph:
                    ``(B) Expansion of facility.--Such term shall 
                include a new unit placed in service after the date of 
                the enactment of this subparagraph in connection with a 
                facility described in subparagraph (A)(i), but only to 
                the extent of the increased amount of electricity 
                produced at the facility by reason of such new unit.''.
    (e) Effective Date.--
            (1) In general.--Except as otherwise provided in this 
        subsection, the amendments made by this section shall apply to 
        property originally placed in service after December 31, 2008.
            (2) Repeal of credit phaseout.--The amendments made by 
        subsection (b)(1) shall apply to taxable years ending after 
        December 31, 2008.
            (3) Limitation based on investment in facility.--The 
        amendment made by subsection (b)(2) shall apply to property 
        originally placed in service after December 31, 2009.
            (4) Trash facility clarification.--The amendments made by 
        subsection (c) shall apply to electricity produced and sold 
        after the date of the enactment of this Act.
            (5) Expansion of biomass facilities.--The amendments made 
        by subsection (d) shall apply to property placed in service 
        after the date of the enactment of this Act.

SEC. 102. PRODUCTION CREDIT FOR ELECTRICITY PRODUCED FROM MARINE 
              RENEWABLES.

    (a) In General.--Paragraph (1) of section 45(c) (relating to 
resources) is amended by striking ``and'' at the end of subparagraph 
(G), by striking the period at the end of subparagraph (H) and 
inserting ``, and'', and by adding at the end the following new 
subparagraph:
                    ``(I) marine and hydrokinetic renewable energy.''.
    (b) Marine Renewables.--Subsection (c) of section 45 is amended by 
adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(10) Marine and hydrokinetic renewable energy.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `marine and 
                hydrokinetic renewable energy' means energy derived 
                from--
                            ``(i) waves, tides, and currents in oceans, 
                        estuaries, and tidal areas,
                            ``(ii) free flowing water in rivers, lakes, 
                        and streams,
                            ``(iii) free flowing water in an irrigation 
                        system, canal, or other man-made channel, 
                        including projects that utilize nonmechanical 
                        structures to accelerate the flow of water for 
                        electric power production purposes, or
                            ``(iv) differentials in ocean temperature 
                        (ocean thermal energy conversion).
                    ``(B) Exceptions.--Such term shall not include any 
                energy which is derived from any source which utilizes 
                a dam, diversionary structure (except as provided in 
                subparagraph (A)(iii)), or impoundment for electric 
                power production purposes.''.
    (c) Definition of Facility.--Subsection (d) of section 45 is 
amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(11) Marine and hydrokinetic renewable energy 
        facilities.--In the case of a facility producing electricity 
        from marine and hydrokinetic renewable energy, the term 
        `qualified facility' means any facility owned by the taxpayer--
                    ``(A) which has a nameplate capacity rating of at 
                least 150 kilowatts, and
                    ``(B) which is originally placed in service on or 
                after the date of the enactment of this paragraph and 
                before January 1, 2012.''.
    (d) Credit Rate.--Subparagraph (A) of section 45(b)(4) is amended 
by striking ``or (9)'' and inserting ``(9), or (11)''.
    (e) Coordination With Small Irrigation Power.--Paragraph (5) of 
section 45(d), as amended by section 101(a), is amended by striking 
``January 1, 2012'' and inserting ``the date of the enactment of 
paragraph (11)''.
    (f) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to electricity produced and sold after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, in taxable years ending after such date.

SEC. 103. EXTENSION AND MODIFICATION OF ENERGY CREDIT.

    (a) Extension of Credit.--
            (1) Solar energy property.--Paragraphs (2)(A)(i)(II) and 
        (3)(A)(ii) of section 48(a) (relating to energy credit) are 
        each amended by striking ``January 1, 2009'' and inserting 
        ``January 1, 2017''.
            (2) Fuel cell property.--Subparagraph (E) of section 
        48(c)(1) (relating to qualified fuel cell property) is amended 
        by striking ``December 31, 2008'' and inserting ``December 31, 
        2016''.
    (b) Allowance of Energy Credit Against Alternative Minimum Tax.--
Subparagraph (B) of section 38(c)(4) (relating to specified credits) is 
amended by striking ``and'' at the end of clause (iii), by striking the 
period at the end of clause (iv) and inserting ``, and'', and by adding 
at the end the following new clause:
                            ``(v) the credit determined under section 
                        46 to the extent that such credit is 
                        attributable to the energy credit determined 
                        under section 48.''.
    (c) Increase of Credit Limitation for Fuel Cell Property.--
Subparagraph (B) of section 48(c)(1) is amended by striking ``$500'' 
and inserting ``$1,500''.
    (d) Public Electric Utility Property Taken Into Account.--
            (1) In general.--Paragraph (3) of section 48(a) is amended 
        by striking the second sentence thereof.
            (2) Conforming amendments.--
                    (A) Paragraph (1) of section 48(c) is amended by 
                striking subparagraph (D) and redesignating 
                subparagraph (E) as subparagraph (D).
                    (B) Paragraph (2) of section 48(c) is amended by 
                striking subparagraph (D) and redesignating 
                subparagraph (E) as subparagraph (D).
    (e) Effective Date.--
            (1) In general.--Except as otherwise provided in this 
        subsection, the amendments made by this section shall take 
        effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.
            (2) Allowance against alternative minimum tax.--The 
        amendments made by subsection (b) shall apply to credits 
        determined under section 46 of the Internal Revenue Code of 
        1986 in taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment 
        of this Act and to carrybacks of such credits.
            (3) Increase in limitation for fuel cell property.--The 
        amendment made by subsection (c) shall apply to periods after 
        the date of the enactment of this Act, in taxable years ending 
        after such date, under rules similar to the rules of section 
        48(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as in effect on the 
        day before the date of the enactment of the Revenue 
        Reconciliation Act of 1990).
            (4)  Public electric utility property.--The amendments made 
        by subsection (d) shall apply to periods after February 13, 
        2008, in taxable years ending after such date, under rules 
        similar to the rules of section 48(m) of the Internal Revenue 
        Code of 1986 (as in effect on the day before the date of the 
        enactment of the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1990).

SEC. 104. NEW CLEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY BONDS.

    (a) In General.--Part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 (relating to 
credits against tax) is amended by adding at the end the following new 
subpart:

                ``Subpart I--Qualified Tax Credit Bonds

``Sec. 54A. Credit to holders of qualified tax credit bonds.
``Sec. 54B. New clean renewable energy bonds.

``SEC. 54A. CREDIT TO HOLDERS OF QUALIFIED TAX CREDIT BONDS.

    ``(a) Allowance of Credit.--If a taxpayer holds a qualified tax 
credit bond on one or more credit allowance dates of the bond during 
any taxable year, there shall be allowed as a credit against the tax 
imposed by this chapter for the taxable year an amount equal to the sum 
of the credits determined under subsection (b) with respect to such 
dates.
    ``(b) Amount of Credit.--
            ``(1) In general.--The amount of the credit determined 
        under this subsection with respect to any credit allowance date 
        for a qualified tax credit bond is 25 percent of the annual 
        credit determined with respect to such bond.
            ``(2) Annual credit.--The annual credit determined with 
        respect to any qualified tax credit bond is the product of--
                    ``(A) the applicable credit rate, multiplied by
                    ``(B) the outstanding face amount of the bond.
            ``(3) Applicable credit rate.--For purposes of paragraph 
        (2), the applicable credit rate is the rate which the Secretary 
        estimates will permit the issuance of qualified tax credit 
        bonds with a specified maturity or redemption date without 
        discount and without interest cost to the qualified issuer. The 
        applicable credit rate with respect to any qualified tax credit 
        bond shall be determined as of the first day on which there is 
        a binding, written contract for the sale or exchange of the 
        bond.
            ``(4) Special rule for issuance and redemption.--In the 
        case of a bond which is issued during the 3-month period ending 
        on a credit allowance date, the amount of the credit determined 
        under this subsection with respect to such credit allowance 
        date shall be a ratable portion of the credit otherwise 
        determined based on the portion of the 3-month period during 
        which the bond is outstanding. A similar rule shall apply when 
        the bond is redeemed or matures.
    ``(c) Limitation Based on Amount of Tax.--
            ``(1) In general.--The credit allowed under subsection (a) 
        for any taxable year shall not exceed the excess of--
                    ``(A) the sum of the regular tax liability (as 
                defined in section 26(b)) plus the tax imposed by 
                section 55, over
                    ``(B) the sum of the credits allowable under this 
                part (other than subpart C and this subpart).
            ``(2) Carryover of unused credit.--If the credit allowable 
        under subsection (a) exceeds the limitation imposed by 
        paragraph (1) for such taxable year, such excess shall be 
        carried to the succeeding taxable year and added to the credit 
        allowable under subsection (a) for such taxable year 
        (determined before the application of paragraph (1) for such 
        succeeding taxable year).
    ``(d) Qualified Tax Credit Bond.--For purposes of this section--
            ``(1) Qualified tax credit bond.--The term `qualified tax 
        credit bond' means a new clean renewable energy bond which is 
        part of an issue that meets the requirements of paragraphs (2), 
        (3), (4), (5), and (6).
            ``(2) Special rules relating to expenditures.--
                    ``(A) In general.--An issue shall be treated as 
                meeting the requirements of this paragraph if, as of 
                the date of issuance, the issuer reasonably expects--
                            ``(i) 100 percent or more of the available 
                        project proceeds to be spent for 1 or more 
                        qualified purposes within the 3-year period 
                        beginning on such date of issuance, and
                            ``(ii) a binding commitment with a third 
                        party to spend at least 10 percent of such 
                        available project proceeds will be incurred 
                        within the 6-month period beginning on such 
                        date of issuance.
                    ``(B) Failure to spend required amount of bond 
                proceeds within 3 years.--
                            ``(i) In general.--To the extent that less 
                        than 100 percent of the available project 
                        proceeds of the issue are expended by the close 
                        of the expenditure period for 1 or more 
                        qualified purposes, the issuer shall redeem all 
                        of the nonqualified bonds within 90 days after 
                        the end of such period. For purposes of this 
                        paragraph, the amount of the nonqualified bonds 
                        required to be redeemed shall be determined in 
                        the same manner as under section 142.
                            ``(ii) Expenditure period.--For purposes of 
                        this subpart, the term `expenditure period' 
                        means, with respect to any issue, the 3-year 
                        period beginning on the date of issuance. Such 
                        term shall include any extension of such period 
                        under clause (iii).
                            ``(iii) Extension of period.--Upon 
                        submission of a request prior to the expiration 
                        of the expenditure period (determined without 
                        regard to any extension under this clause), the 
                        Secretary may extend such period if the issuer 
                        establishes that the failure to expend the 
                        proceeds within the original expenditure period 
                        is due to reasonable cause and the expenditures 
                        for qualified purposes will continue to proceed 
                        with due diligence.
                    ``(C) Qualified purpose.--For purposes of this 
                paragraph, the term `qualified purpose' means a purpose 
                specified in section 54B(a)(1).
                    ``(D) Reimbursement.--For purposes of this 
                subtitle, available project proceeds of an issue shall 
                be treated as spent for a qualified purpose if such 
                proceeds are used to reimburse the issuer for amounts 
                paid for a qualified purpose after the date that the 
                Secretary makes an allocation of bond limitation with 
                respect to such issue, but only if--
                            ``(i) prior to the payment of the original 
                        expenditure, the issuer declared its intent to 
                        reimburse such expenditure with the proceeds of 
                        a qualified tax credit bond,
                            ``(ii) not later than 60 days after payment 
                        of the original expenditure, the issuer adopts 
                        an official intent to reimburse the original 
                        expenditure with such proceeds, and
                            ``(iii) the reimbursement is made not later 
                        than 18 months after the date the original 
                        expenditure is paid.
            ``(3) Reporting.--An issue shall be treated as meeting the 
        requirements of this paragraph if the issuer of qualified tax 
        credit bonds submits reports similar to the reports required 
        under section 149(e).
            ``(4) Special rules relating to arbitrage.--
                    ``(A) In general.--An issue shall be treated as 
                meeting the requirements of this paragraph if the 
                issuer satisfies the requirements of section 148 with 
                respect to the proceeds of the issue.
                    ``(B) Special rule for investments during 
                expenditure period.--An issue shall not be treated as 
                failing to meet the requirements of subparagraph (A) by 
                reason of any investment of available project proceeds 
                during the expenditure period.
                    ``(C) Special rule for reserve funds.--An issue 
                shall not be treated as failing to meet the 
                requirements of subparagraph (A) by reason of any fund 
                which is expected to be used to repay such issue if--
                            ``(i) such fund is funded at a rate not 
                        more rapid than equal annual installments,
                            ``(ii) such fund is funded in a manner 
                        reasonably expected to result in an amount not 
                        greater than an amount necessary to repay the 
                        issue, and
                            ``(iii) the yield on such fund is not 
                        greater than the discount rate determined under 
                        paragraph (5)(B) with respect to the issue.
            ``(5) Maturity limitation.--
                    ``(A) In general.--An issue shall not be treated as 
                meeting the requirements of this paragraph if the 
                maturity of any bond which is part of such issue 
                exceeds the maximum term determined by the Secretary 
                under subparagraph (B).
                    ``(B) Maximum term.--During each calendar month, 
                the Secretary shall determine the maximum term 
                permitted under this paragraph for bonds issued during 
                the following calendar month. Such maximum term shall 
                be the term which the Secretary estimates will result 
                in the present value of the obligation to repay the 
                principal on the bond being equal to 50 percent of the 
                face amount of such bond. Such present value shall be 
                determined using as a discount rate the average annual 
                interest rate of tax-exempt obligations having a term 
                of 10 years or more which are issued during the month. 
                If the term as so determined is not a multiple of a 
                whole year, such term shall be rounded to the next 
                highest whole year.
            ``(6) Prohibition on financial conflicts of interest.--An 
        issue shall be treated as meeting the requirements of this 
        paragraph if the issuer certifies that--
                    ``(A) applicable State and local law requirements 
                governing conflicts of interest are satisfied with 
                respect to such issue, and
                    ``(B) if the Secretary prescribes additional 
                conflicts of interest rules governing the appropriate 
                Members of Congress, Federal, State, and local 
                officials, and their spouses, such additional rules are 
                satisfied with respect to such issue.
    ``(e) Other Definitions.--For purposes of this subchapter--
            ``(1) Credit allowance date.--The term `credit allowance 
        date' means--
                    ``(A) March 15,
                    ``(B) June 15,
                    ``(C) September 15, and
                    ``(D) December 15.
        Such term includes the last day on which the bond is 
        outstanding.
            ``(2) Bond.--The term `bond' includes any obligation.
            ``(3) State.--The term `State' includes the District of 
        Columbia and any possession of the United States.
            ``(4) Available project proceeds.--The term `available 
        project proceeds' means--
                    ``(A) the excess of--
                            ``(i) the proceeds from the sale of an 
                        issue, over
                            ``(ii) the issuance costs financed by the 
                        issue (to the extent that such costs do not 
                        exceed 2 percent of such proceeds), and
                    ``(B) the proceeds from any investment of the 
                excess described in subparagraph (A).
    ``(f) Credit Treated as Interest.--For purposes of this subtitle, 
the credit determined under subsection (a) shall be treated as interest 
which is includible in gross income.
    ``(g) S Corporations and Partnerships.--In the case of a tax credit 
bond held by an S corporation or partnership, the allocation of the 
credit allowed by this section to the shareholders of such corporation 
or partners of such partnership shall be treated as a distribution.
    ``(h) Bonds Held by Regulated Investment Companies and Real Estate 
Investment Trusts.--If any qualified tax credit bond is held by a 
regulated investment company or a real estate investment trust, the 
credit determined under subsection (a) shall be allowed to shareholders 
of such company or beneficiaries of such trust (and any gross income 
included under subsection (f) with respect to such credit shall be 
treated as distributed to such shareholders or beneficiaries) under 
procedures prescribed by the Secretary.
    ``(i) Credits May Be Stripped.--Under regulations prescribed by the 
Secretary--
            ``(1) In general.--There may be a separation (including at 
        issuance) of the ownership of a qualified tax credit bond and 
        the entitlement to the credit under this section with respect 
        to such bond. In case of any such separation, the credit under 
        this section shall be allowed to the person who on the credit 
        allowance date holds the instrument evidencing the entitlement 
        to the credit and not to the holder of the bond.
            ``(2) Certain rules to apply.--In the case of a separation 
        described in paragraph (1), the rules of section 1286 shall 
        apply to the qualified tax credit bond as if it were a stripped 
        bond and to the credit under this section as if it were a 
        stripped coupon.

``SEC. 54B. NEW CLEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY BONDS.

    ``(a) New Clean Renewable Energy Bond.--For purposes of this 
subpart, the term `new clean renewable energy bond' means any bond 
issued as part of an issue if--
            ``(1) 100 percent of the available project proceeds of such 
        issue are to be used for capital expenditures incurred by 
        public power providers or cooperative electric companies for 
        one or more qualified renewable energy facilities,
            ``(2) the bond is issued by a qualified issuer, and
            ``(3) the issuer designates such bond for purposes of this 
        section.
    ``(b) Reduced Credit Amount.--The annual credit determined under 
section 54A(b) with respect to any new clean renewable energy bond 
shall be 70 percent of the amount so determined without regard to this 
subsection.
    ``(c) Limitation on Amount of Bonds Designated.--
            ``(1) In general.--The maximum aggregate face amount of 
        bonds which may be designated under subsection (a) by any 
        issuer shall not exceed the limitation amount allocated under 
        this subsection to such issuer.
            ``(2) National limitation on amount of bonds designated.--
        There is a national new clean renewable energy bond limitation 
        of $2,000,000,000 which shall be allocated by the Secretary as 
        provided in paragraph (3), except that--
                    ``(A) not more than 60 percent thereof may be 
                allocated to qualified projects of public power 
                providers, and
                    ``(B) not more than 40 percent thereof may be 
                allocated to qualified projects of cooperative electric 
                companies.
            ``(3) Method of allocation.--
                    ``(A) Allocation among public power providers.--
                After the Secretary determines the qualified projects 
                of public power providers which are appropriate for 
                receiving an allocation of the national new clean 
                renewable energy bond limitation, the Secretary shall, 
                to the maximum extent practicable, make allocations 
                among such projects in such manner that the amount 
                allocated to each such project bears the same ratio to 
                the cost of such project as the limitation under 
                subparagraph (2)(A) bears to the cost of all such 
                projects.
                    ``(B) Allocation among cooperative electric 
                companies.--The Secretary shall make allocations of the 
                amount of the national new clean renewable energy bond 
                limitation described in paragraph (2)(B) among 
                qualified projects of cooperative electric companies in 
                such manner as the Secretary determines appropriate.
    ``(d) Definitions.--For purposes of this section--
            ``(1) Qualified renewable energy facility.--The term 
        `qualified renewable energy facility' means a qualified 
        facility (as determined under section 45(d) without regard to 
        paragraphs (8) and (10) thereof and to any placed in service 
        date) owned by a public power provider or a cooperative 
        electric company.
            ``(2) Public power provider.--The term `public power 
        provider' means a State utility with a service obligation, as 
        such terms are defined in section 217 of the Federal Power Act 
        (as in effect on the date of the enactment of this paragraph).
            ``(3) Cooperative electric company.--The term `cooperative 
        electric company' means a mutual or cooperative electric 
        company described in section 501(c)(12) or section 
        1381(a)(2)(C).
            ``(4) Clean renewable energy bond lender.--The term `clean 
        renewable energy bond lender' means a lender which is a 
        cooperative which is owned by, or has outstanding loans to, 100 
        or more cooperative electric companies and is in existence on 
        February 1, 2002, and shall include any affiliated entity which 
        is controlled by such lender.
            ``(5) Qualified issuer.--The term `qualified issuer' means 
        a public power provider, a cooperative electric company, a 
        clean renewable energy bond lender, or a not-for-profit 
        electric utility which has received a loan or loan guarantee 
        under the Rural Electrification Act.''.
    (b) Reporting.--Subsection (d) of section 6049 (relating to returns 
regarding payments of interest) is amended by adding at the end the 
following new paragraph:
            ``(9) Reporting of credit on qualified tax credit bonds.--
                    ``(A) In general.--For purposes of subsection (a), 
                the term `interest' includes amounts includible in 
                gross income under section 54A and such amounts shall 
                be treated as paid on the credit allowance date (as 
                defined in section 54A(e)(1)).
                    ``(B) Reporting to corporations, etc.--Except as 
                otherwise provided in regulations, in the case of any 
                interest described in subparagraph (A) of this 
                paragraph, subsection (b)(4) of this section shall be 
                applied without regard to subparagraphs (A), (H), (I), 
                (J), (K), and (L)(i).
                    ``(C) Regulatory authority.--The Secretary may 
                prescribe such regulations as are necessary or 
                appropriate to carry out the purposes of this 
                paragraph, including regulations which require more 
                frequent or more detailed reporting.''.
    (c) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Sections 54(c)(2) and 1400N(l)(3)(B) are each amended 
        by striking ``subpart C'' and inserting ``subparts C and I''.
            (2) Section 1397E(c)(2) is amended by striking ``subpart 
        H'' and inserting ``subparts H and I''.
            (3) Section 6401(b)(1) is amended by striking ``and H'' and 
        inserting ``H, and I''.
            (4) The heading of subpart H of part IV of subchapter A of 
        chapter 1 is amended by striking ``Certain Bonds'' and 
        inserting ``Clean Renewable Energy Bonds''.
            (5) The table of subparts for part IV of subchapter A of 
        chapter 1 is amended by striking the item relating to subpart H 
        and inserting the following new items:

``subpart h. nonrefundable credit to holders of clean renewable energy 
                                 bonds.

              ``subpart i. qualified tax credit bonds.''.

    (d) Effective Dates.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to obligations issued after the date of the enactment of this 
Act.

SEC. 105. EXTENSION AND MODIFICATION OF SPECIAL RULE TO IMPLEMENT FERC 
              AND STATE ELECTRIC RESTRUCTURING POLICY.

    (a) Extension for Qualified Electric Utilities.--
            (1) In general.--Paragraph (3) of section 451(i) (relating 
        to special rule for sales or dispositions to implement Federal 
        Energy Regulatory Commission or State electric restructuring 
        policy) is amended by inserting ``(before January 1, 2010, in 
        the case of a qualified electric utility)'' after ``January 1, 
        2008''.
            (2) Qualified electric utility.--Subsection (i) of section 
        451 is amended by redesignating paragraphs (6) through (10) as 
        paragraphs (7) through (11), respectively, and by inserting 
        after paragraph (5) the following new paragraph:
            ``(6) Qualified electric utility.--For purposes of this 
        subsection, the term `qualified electric utility' means a 
        person that, as of the date of the qualifying electric 
        transmission transaction, is vertically integrated, in that it 
        is both--
                    ``(A) a transmitting utility (as defined in section 
                3(23) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 796(23))) 
                with respect to the transmission facilities to which 
                the election under this subsection applies, and
                    ``(B) an electric utility (as defined in section 
                3(22) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 796(22))).''.
    (b) Extension of Period for Transfer of Operational Control 
Authorized by FERC.--Clause (ii) of section 451(i)(4)(B) is amended by 
striking ``December 31, 2007'' and inserting ``the date which is 4 
years after the close of the taxable year in which the transaction 
occurs''.
    (c) Property Located Outside the United States Not Treated as 
Exempt Utility Property.--Paragraph (5) of section 451(i) is amended by 
adding at the end the following new subparagraph:
                    ``(C) Exception for property located outside the 
                united states.--The term `exempt utility property' 
                shall not include any property which is located outside 
                the United States.''.
    (d) Effective Dates.--
            (1) Extension.--The amendments made by subsection (a) shall 
        apply to transactions after December 31, 2007.
            (2) Transfers of operational control.--The amendment made 
        by subsection (b) shall take effect as if included in section 
        909 of the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004.
            (3) Exception for property located outside the united 
        states.--The amendment made by subsection (c) shall apply to 
        transactions after the date of the enactment of this Act.

SEC. 106. EXTENSION AND MODIFICATION OF CREDIT FOR RESIDENTIAL ENERGY 
              EFFICIENT PROPERTY.

    (a) Extension.--Section 25D(g) (relating to termination) is amended 
by striking ``December 31, 2008'' and inserting ``December 31, 2014''.
    (b) Maximum Credit for Solar Electric Property.--
            (1) In general.--Section 25D(b)(1)(A) (relating to maximum 
        credit) is amended by striking ``$2,000'' and inserting 
        ``$4,000''.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--Section 25D(e)(4)(A)(i) is 
        amended by striking ``$6,667'' and inserting ``$13,333''.
    (c) Credit for Residential Wind Property.--
            (1) In general.--Section 25D(a) (relating to allowance of 
        credit) is amended by striking ``and'' at the end of paragraph 
        (2), by striking the period at the end of paragraph (3) and 
        inserting ``, and'', and by adding at the end the following new 
        paragraph:
            ``(4) 30 percent of the qualified small wind energy 
        property expenditures made by the taxpayer during such year.''.
            (2) Limitation.--Section 25D(b)(1) (relating to maximum 
        credit) is amended by striking ``and'' at the end of 
        subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end of 
        subparagraph (C) and inserting ``, and'', and by adding at the 
        end the following new subparagraph:
                    ``(D) $500 with respect to each half kilowatt of 
                capacity (not to exceed $4,000) of wind turbines for 
                which qualified small wind energy property expenditures 
                are made.''.
            (3) Qualified small wind energy property expenditures.--
                    (A) In general.--Section 25D(d) (relating to 
                definitions) is amended by adding at the end the 
                following new paragraph:
            ``(4) Qualified small wind energy property expenditure.--
        The term `qualified small wind energy property expenditure' 
        means an expenditure for property which uses a wind turbine to 
        generate electricity for use in connection with a dwelling unit 
        located in the United States and used as a residence by the 
        taxpayer.''.
                    (B) No double benefit.--Section 45(d)(1) (relating 
                to wind facility) is amended by adding at the end the 
                following new sentence: ``Such term shall not include 
                any facility with respect to which any qualified small 
                wind energy property expenditure (as defined in 
                subsection (d)(4) of section 25D) is taken into account 
                in determining the credit under such section.''.
            (4) Maximum expenditures in case of joint occupancy.--
        Section 25D(e)(4)(A) (relating to maximum expenditures) is 
        amended by striking ``and'' at the end of clause (ii), by 
        striking the period at the end of clause (iii) and inserting 
        ``, and'', and by adding at the end the following new clause:
                            ``(iv) $1,667 in the case of each half 
                        kilowatt of capacity (not to exceed $13,333) of 
                        wind turbines for which qualified small wind 
                        energy property expenditures are made.''.
    (d) Credit for Geothermal Heat pump Systems.--
            (1) In general.--Section 25D(a) (relating to allowance of 
        credit), as amended by subsection (c), is amended by striking 
        ``and'' at the end of paragraph (3), by striking the period at 
        the end of paragraph (4) and inserting ``, and'', and by adding 
        at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(5) 30 percent of the qualified geothermal heat pump 
        property expenditures made by the taxpayer during such year.''.
            (2) Limitation.--Section 25D(b)(1) (relating to maximum 
        credit), as amended by subsection (c), is amended by striking 
        ``and'' at the end of subparagraph (C), by striking the period 
        at the end of subparagraph (D) and inserting ``, and'', and by 
        adding at the end the following new subparagraph:
                    ``(E) $2,000 with respect to any qualified 
                geothermal heat pump property expenditures.''.
            (3) Qualified geothermal heat pump property expenditure.--
        Section 25D(d) (relating to definitions), as amended by 
        subsection (c), is amended by adding at the end the following 
        new paragraph:
            ``(5) Qualified geothermal heat pump property 
        expenditure.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `qualified geothermal 
                heat pump property expenditure' means an expenditure 
                for qualified geothermal heat pump property installed 
                on or in connection with a dwelling unit located in the 
                United States and used as a residence by the taxpayer.
                    ``(B) Qualified geothermal heat pump property.--The 
                term `qualified geothermal heat pump property' means 
                any equipment which--
                            ``(i) uses the ground or ground water as a 
                        thermal energy source to heat the dwelling unit 
                        referred to in subparagraph (A) or as a thermal 
                        energy sink to cool such dwelling unit, and
                            ``(ii) meets the requirements of the Energy 
                        Star program which are in effect at the time 
                        that the expenditure for such equipment is 
                        made.''.
            (4) Maximum expenditures in case of joint occupancy.--
        Section 25D(e)(4)(A) (relating to maximum expenditures), as 
        amended by subsection (c), is amended by striking ``and'' at 
        the end of clause (iii), by striking the period at the end of 
        clause (iv) and inserting ``, and'', and by adding at the end 
        the following new clause:
                            ``(v) $6,667 in the case of any qualified 
                        geothermal heat pump property expenditures.''.
    (e) Credit Allowed Against Alternative Minimum Tax.--
            (1) In general.--Subsection (c) of section 25D is amended 
        to read as follows:
    ``(c) Limitation Based on Amount of Tax; Carryforward of Unused 
Credit.--
            ``(1) Limitation based on amount of tax.--In the case of a 
        taxable year to which section 26(a)(2) does not apply, the 
        credit allowed under subsection (a) for the taxable year shall 
        not exceed the excess of--
                    ``(A) the sum of the regular tax liability (as 
                defined in section 26(b)) plus the tax imposed by 
                section 55, over
                    ``(B) the sum of the credits allowable under this 
                subpart (other than this section) and section 27 for 
                the taxable year.
            ``(2) Carryforward of unused credit.--
                    ``(A) Rule for years in which all personal credits 
                allowed against regular and alternative minimum tax.--
                In the case of a taxable year to which section 26(a)(2) 
                applies, if the credit allowable under subsection (a) 
                exceeds the limitation imposed by section 26(a)(2) for 
                such taxable year reduced by the sum of the credits 
                allowable under this subpart (other than this section), 
                such excess shall be carried to the succeeding taxable 
                year and added to the credit allowable under subsection 
                (a) for such succeeding taxable year.
                    ``(B) Rule for other years.--In the case of a 
                taxable year to which section 26(a)(2) does not apply, 
                if the credit allowable under subsection (a) exceeds 
                the limitation imposed by paragraph (1) for such 
                taxable year, such excess shall be carried to the 
                succeeding taxable year and added to the credit 
                allowable under subsection (a) for such succeeding 
                taxable year.''.
            (2) Conforming amendments.--
                    (A) Section 23(b)(4)(B) is amended by inserting 
                ``and section 25D'' after ``this section''.
                    (B) Section 24(b)(3)(B) is amended by striking 
                ``and 25B'' and inserting ``, 25B, and 25D''.
                    (C) Section 25B(g)(2) is amended by striking 
                ``section 23'' and inserting ``sections 23 and 25D''.
                    (D) Section 26(a)(1) is amended by striking ``and 
                25B'' and inserting ``25B, and 25D''.
    (f) Effective Date.--
            (1) In general.--The amendments made by this section shall 
        apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2007.
            (2) Application of egtrra sunset.--The amendments made by 
        subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection (e)(2) shall be subject 
        to title IX of the Economic Growth and Tax Relief 
        Reconciliation Act of 2001 in the same manner as the provisions 
        of such Act to which such amendments relate.

                         TITLE II--CONSERVATION

                       Subtitle A--Transportation

                            PART 1--VEHICLES

SEC. 201. CREDIT FOR PLUG-IN HYBRID VEHICLES.

    (a) In General.--Subpart B of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 
(relating to other credits) is amended by adding at the end the 
following new section:

``SEC. 30D. PLUG-IN HYBRID VEHICLES.

    ``(a) Allowance of Credit.--There shall be allowed as a credit 
against the tax imposed by this chapter for the taxable year an amount 
equal to the sum of the credit amounts determined under subsection (b) 
with respect to each qualified plug-in hybrid vehicle placed in service 
by the taxpayer during the taxable year.
    ``(b) Per Vehicle Dollar Limitation.--
            ``(1) In general.--The amount determined under this 
        subsection with respect to any qualified plug-in hybrid vehicle 
        is the sum of the amounts determined under paragraphs (2) and 
        (3) with respect to such vehicle.
            ``(2) Base amount.--The amount determined under this 
        paragraph is $4,000.
            ``(3) Battery capacity.--In the case of vehicle which draws 
        propulsion energy from a battery with not less than 5 kilowatt 
        hours of capacity, the amount determined under this paragraph 
        is $200, plus $200 for each kilowatt hour of capacity in excess 
        of 5 kilowatt hours. The amount determined under this paragraph 
        shall not exceed $2,000.
    ``(c) Application With Other Credits.--
            ``(1) Business credit treated as part of general business 
        credit.--So much of the credit which would be allowed under 
        subsection (a) for any taxable year (determined without regard 
        to this subsection) that is attributable to property of a 
        character subject to an allowance for depreciation shall be 
        treated as a credit listed in section 38(b) for such taxable 
        year (and not allowed under subsection (a)).
            ``(2) Personal credit.--
                    ``(A) In general.--For purposes of this title, the 
                credit allowed under subsection (a) for any taxable 
                year (determined after application of paragraph (1)) 
                shall be treated as a credit allowable under subpart A 
                for such taxable year.
                    ``(B) Limitation based on amount of tax.--In the 
                case of a taxable year to which section 26(a)(2) does 
                not apply, the credit allowed under subsection (a) for 
                any taxable year (determined after application of 
                paragraph (1)) shall not exceed the excess of--
                            ``(i) the sum of the regular tax liability 
                        (as defined in section 26(b)) plus the tax 
                        imposed by section 55, over
                            ``(ii) the sum of the credits allowable 
                        under subpart A (other than this section and 
                        sections 23 and 25D) and section 27 for the 
                        taxable year.
    ``(d) Qualified Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle.--For purposes of this 
section--
            ``(1) In general.--The term `qualified plug-in hybrid 
        vehicle' means a motor vehicle (as defined in section 
        30(c)(2))--
                    ``(A) the original use of which commences with the 
                taxpayer,
                    ``(B) which is acquired for use or lease by the 
                taxpayer and not for resale,
                    ``(C) which is made by a manufacturer,
                    ``(D) which has a gross vehicle weight rating of 
                less than 14,000 pounds,
                    ``(E) which has received a certificate of 
                conformity under the Clean Air Act and meets or exceeds 
                the Bin 5 Tier II emission standard established in 
                regulations prescribed by the Administrator of the 
                Environmental Protection Agency under section 202(i) of 
                the Clean Air Act for that make and model year vehicle,
                    ``(F) which is propelled to a significant extent by 
                an electric motor which draws electricity from a 
                battery which--
                            ``(i) has a capacity of not less than 4 
                        kilowatt hours, and
                            ``(ii) is capable of being recharged from 
                        an external source of electricity, and
                    ``(G) which either--
                            ``(i) is also propelled to a significant 
                        extent by other than an electric motor, or
                            ``(ii) has a significant onboard source of 
                        electricity which also recharges the battery 
                        referred to in subparagraph (F).
            ``(2) Exception.--The term `qualified plug-in hybrid 
        vehicle' shall not include any vehicle which is not a passenger 
        automobile or light truck if such vehicle has a gross vehicle 
        weight rating of less than 8,500 pounds.
            ``(3) Other terms.--The terms `passenger automobile', 
        `light truck', and `manufacturer' have the meanings given such 
        terms in regulations prescribed by the Administrator of the 
        Environmental Protection Agency for purposes of the 
        administration of title II of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7521 
        et seq.).
            ``(4) Battery capacity.--The term `capacity' means, with 
        respect to any battery, the quantity of electricity which the 
        battery is capable of storing, expressed in kilowatt hours, as 
        measured from a 100 percent state of charge to a 0 percent 
        state of charge.
    ``(e) Limitation on Number of Qualified Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles 
Eligible for Credit.--
            ``(1) In general.--In the case of a qualified plug-in 
        hybrid vehicle sold during the phaseout period, only the 
        applicable percentage of the credit otherwise allowable under 
        subsection (a) shall be allowed.
            ``(2) Phaseout period.--For purposes of this subsection, 
        the phaseout period is the period beginning with the second 
        calendar quarter following the calendar quarter which includes 
        the first date on which the number of qualified plug-in hybrid 
        vehicles manufactured by the manufacturer of the vehicle 
        referred to in paragraph (1) sold for use in the United States 
        after the date of the enactment of this section, is at least 
        60,000.
            ``(3) Applicable percentage.--For purposes of paragraph 
        (1), the applicable percentage is--
                    ``(A) 50 percent for the first 2 calendar quarters 
                of the phaseout period,
                    ``(B) 25 percent for the 3d and 4th calendar 
                quarters of the phaseout period, and
                    ``(C) 0 percent for each calendar quarter 
                thereafter.
            ``(4) Controlled groups.--Rules similar to the rules of 
        section 30B(f)(4) shall apply for purposes of this subsection.
    ``(f) Special Rules.--
            ``(1) Basis reduction.--The basis of any property for which 
        a credit is allowable under subsection (a) shall be reduced by 
        the amount of such credit (determined without regard to 
        subsection (c)).
            ``(2) Recapture.--The Secretary shall, by regulations, 
        provide for recapturing the benefit of any credit allowable 
        under subsection (a) with respect to any property which ceases 
        to be property eligible for such credit.
            ``(3) Property used outside united states, etc., not 
        qualified.--No credit shall be allowed under subsection (a) 
        with respect to any property referred to in section 50(b)(1) or 
        with respect to the portion of the cost of any property taken 
        into account under section 179.
            ``(4) Election not to take credit.--No credit shall be 
        allowed under subsection (a) for any vehicle if the taxpayer 
        elects to not have this section apply to such vehicle.
            ``(5) Property used by tax-exempt entity; interaction with 
        air quality and motor vehicle safety standards.--Rules similar 
        to the rules of paragraphs (6) and (10) of section 30B(h) shall 
        apply for purposes of this section.''.
    (b) Plug-In Vehicles Not Treated as New Qualified Hybrid 
Vehicles.--Section 30B(d)(3) is amended by adding at the end the 
following new subparagraph:
                    ``(D) Exclusion of plug-in vehicles.--Any vehicle 
                with respect to which a credit is allowable under 
                section 30D (determined without regard to subsection 
                (c) thereof) shall not be taken into account under this 
                section.''.
    (c) Credit Made Part of General Business Credit.--Section 38(b) is 
amended--
            (1) by striking ``and'' each place it appears at the end of 
        any paragraph,
            (2) by striking ``plus'' each place it appears at the end 
        of any paragraph,
            (3) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (31) and 
        inserting ``, plus'', and
            (4) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(32) the portion of the plug-in hybrid vehicle credit to 
        which section 30D(c)(1) applies.''.
    (d) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1)(A) Section 24(b)(3)(B), as amended by this Act, is 
        amended by striking ``and 25D'' and inserting ``25D, and 30D''.
            (B) Section 25(e)(1)(C)(ii) is amended by inserting 
        ``30D,'' after ``25D,''.
            (C) Section 25B(g)(2), as amended by this Act, is amended 
        by striking ``and 25D'' and inserting ``, 25D, and 30D''.
            (D) Section 26(a)(1), as amended by this Act, is amended by 
        striking ``and 25D'' and inserting ``25D, and 30D''.
            (E) Section 1400C(d)(2) is amended by striking ``and 25D'' 
        and inserting ``25D, and 30D''.
            (2) Section 1016(a) is amended by striking ``and'' at the 
        end of paragraph (35), by striking the period at the end of 
        paragraph (36) and inserting ``, and'', and by adding at the 
        end the following new paragraph:
            ``(37) to the extent provided in section 30D(f)(1).''.
            (3) Section 6501(m) is amended by inserting ``30D(f)(4),'' 
        after ``30C(e)(5),''.
            (4) The table of sections for subpart B of part IV of 
        subchapter A of chapter 1 is amended by adding at the end the 
        following new item:

``Sec. 30D. Plug-in hybrid vehicles.''.
    (e) Treatment of Alternative Motor Vehicle Credit as a Personal 
Credit.--
            (1) In general.--Paragraph (2) of section 30B(g) is amended 
        to read as follows:
            ``(2) Personal credit.--The credit allowed under subsection 
        (a) for any taxable year (after application of paragraph (1)) 
        shall be treated as a credit allowable under subpart A for such 
        taxable year.''.
            (2) Conforming amendments.--
                    (A) Subparagraph (A) of section 30C(d)(2) is 
                amended by striking ``sections 27, 30, and 30B'' and 
                inserting ``sections 27 and 30''.
                    (B) Paragraph (3) of section 55(c) is amended by 
                striking ``30B(g)(2),''.
    (f) Effective Date.--
            (1) In general.--Except as otherwise provided in this 
        subsection, the amendments made by this section shall apply to 
        taxable years beginning after December 31, 2008.
            (2) Treatment of alternative motor vehicle credit as 
        personal credit.--The amendments made by subsection (e) shall 
        apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2007.
    (g) Application of EGTRRA Sunset.--The amendment made by subsection 
(d)(1)(A) shall be subject to title IX of the Economic Growth and Tax 
Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 in the same manner as the provision 
of such Act to which such amendment relates.

SEC. 202. EXTENSION AND MODIFICATION OF ALTERNATIVE FUEL VEHICLE 
              REFUELING PROPERTY CREDIT.

    (a) Increase in Credit Amount.--Section 30C (relating to 
alternative fuel vehicle refueling property credit) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``30 percent'' in subsection (a) and 
        inserting ``50 percent'', and
            (2) by striking ``$30,000'' in subsection (b)(1) and 
        inserting ``$50,000''.
    (b) Extension of Credit.--Paragraph (2) of section 30C(g) (relating 
to termination) is amended by striking ``December 31, 2009'' and 
inserting ``December 31, 2010''.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to property placed in service after the date of the enactment of 
this Act, in taxable years ending after such date.

SEC. 203. MODIFICATION OF LIMITATION ON AUTOMOBILE DEPRECIATION.

    (a) In General.--Paragraph (5) of section 280F(d) (defining 
passenger automobile) is amended to read as follows:
            ``(5) Passenger automobile.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B), the term `passenger automobile' means 
                any 4-wheeled vehicle--
                            ``(i) which is primarily designed or which 
                        can be used to carry passengers over public 
                        streets, roads, or highways (except any vehicle 
                        operated exclusively on a rail or rails), and
                            ``(ii) which is rated at not more than 
                        14,000 pounds gross vehicle weight.
                    ``(B) Exceptions.--The term `passenger automobile' 
                shall not include--
                            ``(i) any exempt-design vehicle, and
                            ``(ii) any exempt-use vehicle.
                    ``(C) Exempt-design vehicle.--The term `exempt-
                design vehicle' means--
                            ``(i) any vehicle which, by reason of its 
                        nature or design, is not likely to be used more 
                        than a de minimis amount for personal purposes, 
                        and
                            ``(ii) any vehicle--
                                    ``(I) which is designed to have a 
                                seating capacity of more than 9 persons 
                                behind the driver's seat,
                                    ``(II) which is equipped with a 
                                cargo area of at least 5 feet in 
                                interior length which is an open area 
                                or is designed for use as an open area 
                                but is enclosed by a cap and is not 
                                readily accessible directly from the 
                                passenger compartment, or
                                    ``(III) has an integral enclosure, 
                                fully enclosing the driver compartment 
                                and load carrying device, does not have 
                                seating rearward of the driver's seat, 
                                and has no body section protruding more 
                                than 30 inches ahead of the leading 
                                edge of the windshield.
                    ``(D) Exempt-use vehicle.--The term `exempt-use 
                vehicle' means--
                            ``(i) any ambulance, hearse, or combination 
                        ambulance-hearse used by the taxpayer directly 
                        in a trade or business,
                            ``(ii) any vehicle used by the taxpayer 
                        directly in the trade or business of 
                        transporting persons or property for 
                        compensation or hire, and
                            ``(iii) any truck or van if substantially 
                        all of the use of such vehicle by the taxpayer 
                        is directly in--
                                    ``(I) a farming business (within 
                                the meaning of section 263A(e)(4)),
                                    ``(II) the transportation of a 
                                substantial amount of equipment, 
                                supplies, or inventory, or
                                    ``(III) the moving or delivery of 
                                property which requires substantial 
                                cargo capacity.
                    ``(E) Recapture.--In the case of any vehicle which 
                is not a passenger automobile by reason of being an 
                exempt-use vehicle, if such vehicle ceases to be an 
                exempt-use vehicle in any taxable year after the 
                taxable year in which such vehicle is placed in 
                service, a rule similar to the rule of subsection (b) 
                shall apply.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 179(b) (relating to limitations) 
is amended by striking paragraph (6).
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to property placed in service after the date of the enactment of 
this Act.

                             PART 2--FUELS

SEC. 211. EXTENSION AND MODIFICATION OF CREDITS FOR BIODIESEL AND 
              RENEWABLE DIESEL.

    (a) In General.--Sections 40A(g), 6426(c)(6), and 6427(e)(5)(B) are 
each amended by striking ``December 31, 2008'' and inserting ``December 
31, 2010''.
    (b) Uniform Treatment of Diesel Produced From Biomass.--Paragraph 
(3) of section 40A(f) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``diesel fuel'' and inserting ``liquid 
        fuel'',
            (2) by striking ``using a thermal depolymerization 
        process'', and
            (3) by striking ``or D396'' in subparagraph (B) and 
        inserting ``or other equivalent standard approved by the 
        Secretary for fuels to be used in diesel-powered highway 
        vehicles''.
    (c) Coproduction of Renewable Diesel With Petroleum Feedstock.--
            (1) In general.--Paragraph (3) of section 40A(f) (defining 
        renewable diesel) is amended by adding at the end the following 
        flush sentence:
        ``Such term does not include any fuel derived from coprocessing 
        biomass with a feedstock which is not biomass. For purposes of 
        this paragraph, the term `biomass' has the meaning given such 
        term by section 45K(c)(3).''.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--Paragraph (3) of section 40A(f) 
        is amended by striking ``(as defined in section 45K(c)(3))''.
    (d) Effective Date.--
            (1) In general.--Except as otherwise provided in this 
        subsection, the amendments made by this section shall apply to 
        fuel produced, and sold or used, after December 31, 2008.
            (2) Coproduction of renewable diesel with petroleum 
        feedstock.--The amendments made by subsection (c) shall apply 
        to fuel produced, and sold or used, after February 13, 2008.

SEC. 212. CLARIFICATION THAT CREDITS FOR FUEL ARE DESIGNED TO PROVIDE 
              AN INCENTIVE FOR UNITED STATES PRODUCTION.

    (a) Biodiesel Fuels Credit.--Paragraph (5) of section 40A(d), as 
added by subsection (c), is amended to read as follows:
            ``(5) Limitation to biodiesel with connection to the united 
        states.--No credit shall be determined under this section with 
        respect to any biodiesel unless--
                    ``(A) such biodiesel is produced in the United 
                States for use as a fuel in the United States, and
                    ``(B) the taxpayer obtains a certification (in such 
                form and manner as prescribed by the Secretary) from 
                the producer of the biodiesel which identifies the 
                product produced and the location of such production.
        For purposes of this paragraph, the term `United States' 
        includes any possession of the United States.''.
    (b) Excise Tax Credit.--Paragraph (2) of section 6426(h), as added 
by subsection (c), is amended to read as follows:
            ``(2) Biodiesel and alternative fuels.--No credit shall be 
        determined under this section with respect to any biodiesel or 
        alternative fuel unless--
                    ``(A) such biodiesel or alternative fuel is 
                produced in the United States for use as a fuel in the 
                United States, and
                    ``(B) the taxpayer obtains a certification (in such 
                form and manner as prescribed by the Secretary) from 
                the producer of such biodiesel or alternative fuel 
                which identifies the product produced and the location 
                of such production.''.
    (c) Provisions Clarifying Treatment of Fuels With No Nexus to the 
United States.--
            (1) Alcohol fuels credit.--Subsection (d) of section 40 is 
        amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(6) Limitation to alcohol with connection to the united 
        states.--No credit shall be determined under this section with 
        respect to any alcohol which is produced outside the United 
        States for use as a fuel outside the United States. For 
        purposes of this paragraph, the term `United States' includes 
        any possession of the United States.''.
            (2) Biodiesel fuels credit.--Subsection (d) of section 40A 
        is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(5) Limitation to biodiesel with connection to the united 
        states.--No credit shall be determined under this section with 
        respect to any biodiesel which is produced outside the United 
        States for use as a fuel outside the United States. For 
        purposes of this paragraph, the term `United States' includes 
        any possession of the United States.''.
            (3) Excise tax credit.--
                    (A) In general.--Section 6426 is amended by adding 
                at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(h) Limitation to Fuels With Connection to the United States.--
            ``(1) Alcohol.--No credit shall be determined under this 
        section with respect to any alcohol which is produced outside 
        the United States for use as a fuel outside the United States.
            ``(2) Biodiesel and alternative fuels.--No credit shall be 
        determined under this section with respect to any biodiesel or 
        alternative fuel which is produced outside the United States 
        for use as a fuel outside the United States.
For purposes of this subsection, the term `United States' includes any 
possession of the United States.''.
                    (B) Conforming amendment.--Subsection (e) of 
                section 6427 is amended by redesignating paragraph (5) 
                as paragraph (6) and by inserting after paragraph (4) 
                the following new paragraph:
            ``(5) Limitation to fuels with connection to the united 
        states.--No amount shall be payable under paragraph (1) or (2) 
        with respect to any mixture or alternative fuel if credit is 
        not allowed with respect to such mixture or alternative fuel by 
        reason of section 6426(h).''.
    (d) Effective Date.--
            (1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the 
        amendments made by this section shall apply to fuel produced, 
        and sold or used, after December 31, 2008.
            (2) Provisions clarifying treatment of fuels with no nexus 
        to the united states.--
                    (A) In general.--Except as otherwise provided in 
                this paragraph, the amendments made by subsection (c) 
                shall take effect as if included in section 301 of the 
                American Jobs Creation Act of 2004.
                    (B) Alternative fuel credits.--So much of the 
                amendments made by subsection (c) as relate to the 
                alternative fuel credit or the alternative fuel mixture 
                credit shall take effect as if included in section 
                11113 of the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient 
                Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users.
                    (C) Renewable diesel.--So much of the amendments 
                made by subsection (c) as relate to renewable diesel 
                shall take effect as if included in section 1346 of the 
                Energy Policy Act of 2005.

SEC. 213. CREDIT FOR PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSIC ALCOHOL.

    (a) In General.--Subsection (b) of section 40 is amended by 
redesignating paragraph (5) as paragraph (6) and by inserting after 
paragraph (4) the following new paragraph:
            ``(5) Cellulosic alcohol fuel producer credit.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The cellulosic alcohol fuel 
                producer credit of any cellulosic alcohol fuel producer 
                for any taxable year is 50 cents for each gallon of 
                qualified cellulosic fuel production of such producer.
                    ``(B) Qualified cellulosic fuel production.--For 
                purposes of this paragraph, the term `qualified 
                cellulosic fuel production' means any cellulosic 
                alcohol which is produced by a cellulosic alcohol fuel 
                producer, and which during the taxable year--
                            ``(i) is sold by such producer to another 
                        person--
                                    ``(I) for use by such other person 
                                in the production of a qualified 
                                mixture in such other person's trade or 
                                business (other than casual off-farm 
                                production),
                                    ``(II) for use by such other person 
                                as a fuel in a trade or business, or
                                    ``(III) who sells such alcohol at 
                                retail to another person and places 
                                such alcohol in the fuel tank of such 
                                other person, or
                            ``(ii) is used or sold by such producer for 
                        any purpose described in clause (i).
                    ``(C) Cellulosic alcohol.--For purposes of this 
                paragraph, the term `cellulosic alcohol' means any 
                alcohol which--
                            ``(i) is produced in the United States for 
                        use as a fuel in the United States, and
                            ``(ii) is derived from any lignocellulosic 
                        or hemicellulosic matter that is available on a 
                        renewable or recurring basis.
                For purposes of this subparagraph, the term `United 
                States' includes any possession of the United States.
                    ``(D) Cellulosic alcohol fuel producer.--For 
                purposes of this paragraph, the term `cellulosic 
                alcohol fuel producer' means any person who produces 
                cellulosic alcohol in a trade or business and is 
                registered with the Secretary as a cellulosic alcohol 
                fuel producer.
                    ``(E) Additional distillation excluded.--The 
                qualified cellulosic fuel production of any producer 
                for any taxable year shall not include any alcohol 
                which is purchased by the producer and with respect to 
                which such producer increases the proof of the alcohol 
                by additional distillation.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Subsection (a) of section 40 is amended by striking 
        ``plus'' at the end of paragraph (1), by striking ``plus'' at 
        the end of paragraph (2), by striking the period at the end of 
        paragraph (3) and inserting ``, plus'', and by adding at the 
        end the following new paragraph:
            ``(4) in the case of a cellulosic alcohol fuel producer, 
        the cellulosic alcohol fuel producer credit.''.
            (2) Clause (ii) of section 40(d)(3)(C) is amended by 
        striking ``subsection (b)(4)(B)'' and inserting ``paragraph 
        (4)(B) or (5)(B) of subsection (b)''.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to alcohol produced after December 31, 2008.

                PART 3--OTHER TRANSPORTATION INCENTIVES

SEC. 221. EXTENSION OF TRANSPORTATION FRINGE BENEFIT TO BICYCLE 
              COMMUTERS.

    (a) In General.--Paragraph (1) of section 132(f) (relating to 
general rule for qualified transportation fringe) is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
                    ``(D) Any qualified bicycle commuting 
                reimbursement.''.
    (b) Limitation on Exclusion.--Paragraph (2) of section 132(f) is 
amended by striking ``and'' at the end of subparagraph (A), by striking 
the period at the end of subparagraph (B) and inserting ``, and'', and 
by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:
                    ``(C) the applicable annual limitation in the case 
                of any qualified bicycle commuting reimbursement.''.
    (c) Definitions.--Paragraph (5) of section 132(f) (relating to 
definitions) is amended by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(F) Definitions related to bicycle commuting 
                reimbursement.--
                            ``(i) Qualified bicycle commuting 
                        reimbursement.--The term `qualified bicycle 
                        commuting reimbursement' means, with respect to 
                        any calendar year, any employer reimbursement 
                        during the 15-month period beginning with the 
                        first day of such calendar year for reasonable 
                        expenses incurred by the employee during such 
                        calendar year for the purchase of a bicycle and 
                        bicycle improvements, repair, and storage, if 
                        such bicycle is regularly used for travel 
                        between the employee's residence and place of 
                        employment.
                            ``(ii) Applicable annual limitation.--The 
                        term `applicable annual limitation' means, with 
                        respect to any employee for any calendar year, 
                        the product of $20 multiplied by the number of 
                        qualified bicycle commuting months during such 
                        year.
                            ``(iii) Qualified bicycle commuting 
                        month.--The term `qualified bicycle commuting 
                        month' means, with respect to any employee, any 
                        month during which such employee--
                                    ``(I) regularly uses the bicycle 
                                for a substantial portion of the travel 
                                between the employee's residence and 
                                place of employment, and
                                    ``(II) does not receive any benefit 
                                described in subparagraph (A), (B), or 
                                (C) of paragraph (1).''.
    (d) Constructive Receipt of Benefit.--Paragraph (4) of section 
132(f) is amended by inserting ``(other than a qualified bicycle 
commuting reimbursement)'' after ``qualified transportation fringe''.
    (e) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2008.

SEC. 222. RESTRUCTURING OF NEW YORK LIBERTY ZONE TAX CREDITS.

    (a) In General.--Part I of subchapter Y of chapter 1 is amended by 
redesignating section 1400L as section 1400K and by adding at the end 
the following new section:

``SEC. 1400L. NEW YORK LIBERTY ZONE TAX CREDITS.

    ``(a) In General.--In the case of a New York Liberty Zone 
governmental unit, there shall be allowed as a credit against any taxes 
imposed for any payroll period by section 3402 for which such 
governmental unit is liable under section 3403 an amount equal to so 
much of the portion of the qualifying project expenditure amount 
allocated under subsection (b)(3) to such governmental unit for the 
calendar year as is allocated by such governmental unit to such period 
under subsection (b)(4).
    ``(b) Qualifying Project Expenditure Amount.--For purposes of this 
section--
            ``(1) In general.--The term `qualifying project expenditure 
        amount' means, with respect to any calendar year, the sum of--
                    ``(A) the total expenditures paid or incurred 
                during such calendar year by all New York Liberty Zone 
                governmental units and the Port Authority of New York 
                and New Jersey for any portion of qualifying projects 
                located wholly within the City of New York, New York, 
                and
                    ``(B) any such expenditures--
                            ``(i) paid or incurred in any preceding 
                        calendar year which begins after the date of 
                        enactment of this section, and
                            ``(ii) not previously allocated under 
                        paragraph (3).
            ``(2) Qualifying project.--The term `qualifying project' 
        means any transportation infrastructure project, including 
        highways, mass transit systems, railroads, airports, ports, and 
        waterways, in or connecting with the New York Liberty Zone (as 
        defined in section 1400K(h)), which is designated as a 
        qualifying project under this section jointly by the Governor 
        of the State of New York and the Mayor of the City of New York, 
        New York.
            ``(3) General allocation.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Governor of the State of New 
                York and the Mayor of the City of New York, New York, 
                shall jointly allocate to each New York Liberty Zone 
                governmental unit the portion of the qualifying project 
                expenditure amount which may be taken into account by 
                such governmental unit under subsection (a) for any 
                calendar year in the credit period.
                    ``(B) Aggregate limit.--The aggregate amount which 
                may be allocated under subparagraph (A) for all 
                calendar years in the credit period shall not exceed 
                $2,000,000,000.
                    ``(C) Annual limit.--The aggregate amount which may 
                be allocated under subparagraph (A) for any calendar 
                year in the credit period shall not exceed the sum of--
                            ``(i) $169,000,000, plus
                            ``(ii) the aggregate amount authorized to 
                        be allocated under this paragraph for all 
                        preceding calendar years in the credit period 
                        which was not so allocated.
                    ``(D) Unallocated amounts at end of credit 
                period.--If, as of the close of the credit period, the 
                amount under subparagraph (B) exceeds the aggregate 
                amount allocated under subparagraph (A) for all 
                calendar years in the credit period, the Governor of 
                the State of New York and the Mayor of the City of New 
                York, New York, may jointly allocate to New York 
                Liberty Zone governmental units for any calendar year 
                in the 5-year period following the credit period an 
                amount equal to--
                            ``(i) the lesser of--
                                    ``(I) such excess, or
                                    ``(II) the qualifying project 
                                expenditure amount for such calendar 
                                year, reduced by
                            ``(ii) the aggregate amount allocated under 
                        this subparagraph for all preceding calendar 
                        years.
            ``(4) Allocation to payroll periods.--Each New York Liberty 
        Zone governmental unit which has been allocated a portion of 
        the qualifying project expenditure amount under paragraph (3) 
        for a calendar year may allocate such portion to payroll 
        periods beginning in such calendar year as such governmental 
        unit determines appropriate.
    ``(c) Carryover of Unused Allocations.--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), if 
        the amount allocated under subsection (b)(3) to a New York 
        Liberty Zone governmental unit for any calendar year exceeds 
        the aggregate taxes imposed by section 3402 for which such 
        governmental unit is liable under section 3403 for periods 
        beginning in such year, such excess shall be carried to the 
        succeeding calendar year and added to the allocation of such 
        governmental unit for such succeeding calendar year.
            ``(2) Reallocation.--If a New York Liberty Zone 
        governmental unit does not use an amount allocated to it under 
        subsection (b)(3) within the time prescribed by the Governor of 
        the State of New York and the Mayor of the City of New York, 
        New York, then such amount shall after such time be treated for 
        purposes of subsection (b)(3) in the same manner as if it had 
        never been allocated.
    ``(d) Definitions and Special Rules.--For purposes of this 
section--
            ``(1) Credit period.--The term `credit period' means the 
        12-year period beginning on January 1, 2008.
            ``(2) New york liberty zone governmental unit.--The term 
        `New York Liberty Zone governmental unit' means--
                    ``(A) the State of New York,
                    ``(B) the City of New York, New York, and
                    ``(C) any agency or instrumentality of such State 
                or City.
            ``(3) Treatment of funds.--Any expenditure for a qualifying 
        project taken into account for purposes of the credit under 
        this section shall be considered State and local funds for the 
        purpose of any Federal program.
            ``(4) Treatment of credit amounts for purposes of 
        withholding taxes.--For purposes of this title, a New York 
        Liberty Zone governmental unit shall be treated as having paid 
        to the Secretary, on the day on which wages are paid to 
        employees, an amount equal to the amount of the credit allowed 
        to such entity under subsection (a) with respect to such wages, 
        but only if such governmental unit deducts and withholds wages 
        for such payroll period under section 3401 (relating to wage 
        withholding).
    ``(e) Reporting.--The Governor of the State of New York and the 
Mayor of the City of New York, New York, shall jointly submit to the 
Secretary an annual report--
            ``(1) which certifies--
                    ``(A) the qualifying project expenditure amount for 
                the calendar year, and
                    ``(B) the amount allocated to each New York Liberty 
                Zone governmental unit under subsection (b)(3) for the 
                calendar year, and
            ``(2) includes such other information as the Secretary may 
        require to carry out this section.
    ``(f) Guidance.--The Secretary may prescribe such guidance as may 
be necessary or appropriate to ensure compliance with the purposes of 
this section.''.
    (b) Termination of Special Allowance and Expensing.--Subparagraph 
(A) of section 1400K(b)(2), as redesignated by subsection (a), is 
amended by striking the parenthetical in the flush language after 
clause (v) thereof and inserting ``(in the case of nonresidential real 
property and residential rental property, the date of the enactment of 
the Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation Tax Act of 2008 or, if 
acquired pursuant to a binding contract in effect on such enactment 
date, December 31, 2009)''.
    (c) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Section 38(c)(3)(B) is amended by striking ``section 
        1400L(a)'' and inserting ``section 1400K(a)''.
            (2) Section 168(k)(2)(D)(ii) is amended by striking 
        ``section 1400L(c)(2)'' and inserting ``section 1400K(c)(2)''.
            (3) The table of sections for part I of subchapter Y of 
        chapter 1 is amended by redesignating the item relating to 
        section 1400L as an item relating to section 1400K and by 
        inserting after such item the following new item:

``Sec. 1400L. New York Liberty Zone tax credits.''.
    (d) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall take 
effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.

               Subtitle B--Other Conservation Provisions

SEC. 231. QUALIFIED ENERGY CONSERVATION BONDS.

    (a) In General.--Subpart I of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1, 
as added by section 104, is amended by adding at the end the following 
new section:

``SEC. 54C. QUALIFIED ENERGY CONSERVATION BONDS.

    ``(a) Qualified Energy Conservation Bond.--For purposes of this 
subchapter, the term `qualified energy conservation bond' means any 
bond issued as part of an issue if--
            ``(1) 100 percent of the available project proceeds of such 
        issue are to be used for one or more qualified conservation 
        purposes,
            ``(2) the bond is issued by a State or local government, 
        and
            ``(3) the issuer designates such bond for purposes of this 
        section.
    ``(b) Limitation on Amount of Bonds Designated.--The maximum 
aggregate face amount of bonds which may be designated under subsection 
(a) by any issuer shall not exceed the limitation amount allocated to 
such issuer under subsection (d).
    ``(c) National Limitation on Amount of Bonds Designated.--There is 
a national qualified energy conservation bond limitation of 
$3,600,000,000.
    ``(d) Allocations.--
            ``(1) In general.--The limitation applicable under 
        subsection (c) shall be allocated by the Secretary among the 
        States in proportion to the population of the States.
            ``(2) Allocations to largest local governments.--
                    ``(A) In general.--In the case of any State in 
                which there is a large local government, each such 
                local government shall be allocated a portion of such 
                State's allocation which bears the same ratio to the 
                State's allocation (determined without regard to this 
                subparagraph) as the population of such large local 
                government bears to the population of such State.
                    ``(B) Allocation of unused limitation to state.--
                The amount allocated under this subsection to a large 
                local government may be reallocated by such local 
                government to the State in which such local government 
                is located.
                    ``(C) Large local government.--For purposes of this 
                section, the term `large local government' means any 
                municipality or county if such municipality or county 
                has a population of 100,000 or more.
            ``(3) Allocation to issuers; restriction on private 
        activity bonds.--Any allocation under this subsection to a 
        State or large local government shall be allocated by such 
        State or large local government to issuers within the State in 
        a manner that results in not less than 70 percent of the 
        allocation to such State or large local government being used 
        to designate bonds which are not private activity bonds.
    ``(e) Qualified Conservation Purpose.--For purposes of this 
section--
            ``(1) In general.--The term `qualified conservation 
        purpose' means any of the following:
                    ``(A) Capital expenditures incurred for purposes 
                of--
                            ``(i) reducing energy consumption in 
                        publicly-owned buildings by at least 20 
                        percent,
                            ``(ii) implementing green community 
                        programs,
                            ``(iii) rural development involving the 
                        production of electricity from renewable energy 
                        resources, or
                            ``(iv) any qualified facility (as 
                        determined under section 45(d) without regard 
                        to paragraphs (8) and (10) thereof and without 
                        regard to any placed in service date).
                    ``(B) Expenditures with respect to research 
                facilities, and research grants, to support research 
                in--
                            ``(i) development of cellulosic ethanol or 
                        other nonfossil fuels,
                            ``(ii) technologies for the capture and 
                        sequestration of carbon dioxide produced 
                        through the use of fossil fuels,
                            ``(iii) increasing the efficiency of 
                        existing technologies for producing nonfossil 
                        fuels,
                            ``(iv) automobile battery technologies and 
                        other technologies to reduce fossil fuel 
                        consumption in transportation, or
                            ``(v) technologies to reduce energy use in 
                        buildings.
                    ``(C) Mass commuting facilities and related 
                facilities that reduce the consumption of energy, 
                including expenditures to reduce pollution from 
                vehicles used for mass commuting.
                    ``(D) Demonstration projects designed to promote 
                the commercialization of--
                            ``(i) green building technology,
                            ``(ii) conversion of agricultural waste for 
                        use in the production of fuel or otherwise,
                            ``(iii) advanced battery manufacturing 
                        technologies,
                            ``(iv) technologies to reduce peak use of 
                        electricity, or
                            ``(v) technologies for the capture and 
                        sequestration of carbon dioxide emitted from 
                        combusting fossil fuels in order to produce 
                        electricity.
                    ``(E) Public education campaigns to promote energy 
                efficiency.
            ``(2) Special rules for private activity bonds.--For 
        purposes of this section, in the case of any private activity 
        bond, the term `qualified conservation purposes' shall not 
        include any expenditure which is not a capital expenditure.
    ``(f) Population.--
            ``(1) In general.--The population of any State or local 
        government shall be determined for purposes of this section as 
        provided in section 146(j) for the calendar year which includes 
        the date of the enactment of this section.
            ``(2) Special rule for counties.--In determining the 
        population of any county for purposes of this section, any 
        population of such county which is taken into account in 
        determining the population of any municipality which is a large 
        local government shall not be taken into account in determining 
        the population of such county.
    ``(g) Application to Indian Tribal Governments.--An Indian tribal 
government shall be treated for purposes of this section in the same 
manner as a large local government, except that--
            ``(1) an Indian tribal government shall be treated for 
        purposes of subsection (d) as located within a State to the 
        extent of so much of the population of such government as 
        resides within such State, and
            ``(2) any bond issued by an Indian tribal government shall 
        be treated as a qualified energy conservation bond only if 
        issued as part of an issue the available project proceeds of 
        which are used for purposes for which such Indian tribal 
        government could issue bonds to which section 103(a) 
        applies.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Paragraph (1) of section 54A(d), as added by section 
        104, is amended to read as follows:
            ``(1) Qualified tax credit bond.--The term `qualified tax 
        credit bond' means--
                    ``(A) a new clean renewable energy bond, or
                    ``(B) a qualified energy conservation bond,
        which is part of an issue that meets requirements of paragraphs 
        (2), (3), (4), (5), and (6).''.
            (2) Subparagraph (C) of section 54A(d)(2), as added by 
        section 104, is amended to read as follows:
                    ``(C) Qualified purpose.--For purposes of this 
                paragraph, the term `qualified purpose' means--
                            ``(i) in the case of a new clean renewable 
                        energy bond, a purpose specified in section 
                        54B(a)(1), and
                            ``(ii) in the case of a qualified energy 
                        conservation bond, a purpose specified in 
                        section 54C(a)(1).''.
            (3) The table of sections for subpart I of part IV of 
        subchapter A of chapter 1 is amended by adding at the end the 
        following new item:

``Sec. 54C. Qualified energy conservation bonds.''.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to obligations issued after the date of the enactment of this 
Act.

SEC. 232. EXTENSION AND MODIFICATION OF CREDIT FOR NONBUSINESS ENERGY 
              PROPERTY.

    (a) Extension of Credit.--Section 25C(g) (relating to termination) 
is amended by striking ``December 31, 2007'' and inserting ``December 
31, 2009''.
    (b) Qualified Biomass Fuel Property.--
            (1) In general.--Section 25C(d)(3) is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``and'' at the end of subparagraph 
                (D),
                    (B) by striking the period at the end of 
                subparagraph (E) and inserting ``, and'', and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following new 
                subparagraph:
                    ``(F) a stove which uses the burning of biomass 
                fuel to heat a dwelling unit located in the United 
                States and used as a residence by the taxpayer, or to 
                heat water for use in such a dwelling unit, and which 
                has a thermal efficiency rating of at least 75 
                percent.''.
            (2) Biomass fuel.--Section 25C(d) (relating to residential 
        energy property expenditures) is amended by adding at the end 
        the following new paragraph:
            ``(6) Biomass fuel.--The term `biomass fuel' means any 
        plant-derived fuel available on a renewable or recurring basis, 
        including agricultural crops and trees, wood and wood waste and 
        residues (including wood pellets), plants (including aquatic 
        plants), grasses, residues, and fibers.''.
    (c) Coordination With Credit for Qualified Geothermal Heat pump 
Property Expenditures.--
            (1) In general.--Paragraph (3) of section 25C(d) is amended 
        by striking subparagraph (C) and by redesignating subparagraphs 
        (D) and (E) as subparagraphs (C) and (D), respectively.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--Subparagraph (C) of section 
        25C(d)(2) is amended to read as follows:
                    ``(C) Requirements and standards for air 
                conditioners and heat pumps.--The standards and 
                requirements prescribed by the Secretary under 
                subparagraph (B) with respect to the energy efficiency 
                ratio (EER) for central air conditioners and electric 
                heat pumps--
                            ``(i) shall require measurements to be 
                        based on published data which is tested by 
                        manufacturers at 95 degrees Fahrenheit, and
                            ``(ii) may be based on the certified data 
                        of the Air Conditioning and Refrigeration 
                        Institute that are prepared in partnership with 
                        the Consortium for Energy Efficiency.''.
    (d) Effective Date.--The amendments made this section shall apply 
to expenditures made after December 31, 2007.

SEC. 233. EXTENSION OF ENERGY EFFICIENT COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS DEDUCTION.

    Subsection (h) of section 179D (relating to termination) is amended 
by striking ``December 31, 2008'' and inserting ``December 31, 2013''.

SEC. 234. MODIFICATIONS OF ENERGY EFFICIENT APPLIANCE CREDIT FOR 
              APPLIANCES PRODUCED AFTER 2007.

    (a) In General.--Subsection (b) of section 45M (relating to 
applicable amount) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(b) Applicable Amount.--For purposes of subsection (a)--
            ``(1) Dishwashers.--The applicable amount is--
                    ``(A) $45 in the case of a dishwasher which is 
                manufactured in calendar year 2008 or 2009 and which 
                uses no more than 324 kilowatt hours per year and 5.8 
                gallons per cycle, and
                    ``(B) $75 in the case of a dishwasher which is 
                manufactured in calendar year 2008, 2009, or 2010 and 
                which uses no more than 307 kilowatt hours per year and 
                5.0 gallons per cycle (5.5 gallons per cycle for 
                dishwashers designed for greater than 12 place 
                settings).
            ``(2) Clothes washers.--The applicable amount is--
                    ``(A) $75 in the case of a residential top-loading 
                clothes washer manufactured in calendar year 2008 which 
                meets or exceeds a 1.72 modified energy factor and does 
                not exceed a 8.0 water consumption factor,
                    ``(B) $125 in the case of a residential top-loading 
                clothes washer manufactured in calendar year 2008 or 
                2009 which meets or exceeds a 1.8 modified energy 
                factor and does not exceed a 7.5 water consumption 
                factor,
                    ``(C) $150 in the case of a residential or 
                commercial clothes washer manufactured in calendar year 
                2008, 2009, or 2010 which meets or exceeds 2.0 modified 
                energy factor and does not exceed a 6.0 water 
                consumption factor, and
                    ``(D) $250 in the case of a residential or 
                commercial clothes washer manufactured in calendar year 
                2008, 2009, or 2010 which meets or exceeds 2.2 modified 
                energy factor and does not exceed a 4.5 water 
                consumption factor.
            ``(3) Refrigerators.--The applicable amount is--
                    ``(A) $50 in the case of a refrigerator which is 
                manufactured in calendar year 2008, and consumes at 
                least 20 percent but not more than 22.9 percent less 
                kilowatt hours per year than the 2001 energy 
                conservation standards,
                    ``(B) $75 in the case of a refrigerator which is 
                manufactured in calendar year 2008 or 2009, and 
                consumes at least 23 percent but no more than 24.9 
                percent less kilowatt hours per year than the 2001 
                energy conservation standards,
                    ``(C) $100 in the case of a refrigerator which is 
                manufactured in calendar year 2008, 2009, or 2010, and 
                consumes at least 25 percent but not more than 29.9 
                percent less kilowatt hours per year than the 2001 
                energy conservation standards, and
                    ``(D) $200 in the case of a refrigerator 
                manufactured in calendar year 2008, 2009, or 2010 and 
                which consumes at least 30 percent less energy than the 
                2001 energy conservation standards.''.
    (b) Eligible Production.--
            (1) Similar treatment for all appliances.--Subsection (c) 
        of section 45M (relating to eligible production) is amended--
                    (A) by striking paragraph (2),
                    (B) by striking ``(1) In general'' and all that 
                follows through ``the eligible'' and inserting ``The 
                eligible'', and
                    (C) by moving the text of such subsection in line 
                with the subsection heading and redesignating 
                subparagraphs (A) and (B) as paragraphs (1) and (2), 
                respectively.
            (2) Modification of base period.--Paragraph (2) of section 
        45M(c), as amended by paragraph (1) of this section, is amended 
        by striking ``3-calendar year'' and inserting ``2-calendar 
        year''.
    (c) Types of Energy Efficient Appliances.--Subsection (d) of 
section 45M (defining types of energy efficient appliances) is amended 
to read as follows:
    ``(d) Types of Energy Efficient Appliance.--For purposes of this 
section, the types of energy efficient appliances are--
            ``(1) dishwashers described in subsection (b)(1),
            ``(2) clothes washers described in subsection (b)(2), and
            ``(3) refrigerators described in subsection (b)(3).''.
    (d) Aggregate Credit Amount Allowed.--
            (1) Increase in limit.--Paragraph (1) of section 45M(e) 
        (relating to aggregate credit amount allowed) is amended to 
        read as follows:
            ``(1) Aggregate credit amount allowed.--The aggregate 
        amount of credit allowed under subsection (a) with respect to a 
        taxpayer for any taxable year shall not exceed $75,000,000 
        reduced by the amount of the credit allowed under subsection 
        (a) to the taxpayer (or any predecessor) for all prior taxable 
        years beginning after December 31, 2007.''.
            (2) Exception for certain refrigerator and clothes 
        washers.--Paragraph (2) of section 45M(e) is amended to read as 
        follows:
            ``(2) Amount allowed for certain refrigerators and clothes 
        washers.--Refrigerators described in subsection (b)(3)(D) and 
        clothes washers described in subsection (b)(2)(D) shall not be 
        taken into account under paragraph (1).''.
    (e) Qualified Energy Efficient Appliances.--
            (1) In general.--Paragraph (1) of section 45M(f) (defining 
        qualified energy efficient appliance) is amended to read as 
        follows:
            ``(1) Qualified energy efficient appliance.--The term 
        `qualified energy efficient appliance' means--
                    ``(A) any dishwasher described in subsection 
                (b)(1),
                    ``(B) any clothes washer described in subsection 
                (b)(2), and
                    ``(C) any refrigerator described in subsection 
                (b)(3).''.
            (2) Clothes washer.--Section 45M(f)(3) (defining clothes 
        washer) is amended by inserting ``commercial'' before 
        ``residential'' the second place it appears.
            (3) Top-loading clothes washer.--Subsection (f) of section 
        45M (relating to definitions) is amended by redesignating 
        paragraphs (4), (5), (6), and (7) as paragraphs (5), (6), (7), 
        and (8), respectively, and by inserting after paragraph (3) the 
        following new paragraph:
            ``(4) Top-loading clothes washer.--The term `top-loading 
        clothes washer' means a clothes washer which has the clothes 
        container compartment access located on the top of the machine 
        and which operates on a vertical axis.''.
            (4) Replacement of energy factor.--Section 45M(f)(6), as 
        redesignated by paragraph (3), is amended to read as follows:
            ``(6) Modified energy factor.--The term `modified energy 
        factor' means the modified energy factor established by the 
        Department of Energy for compliance with the Federal energy 
        conservation standard.''.
            (5) Gallons per cycle; water consumption factor.--Section 
        45M(f) (relating to definitions), as amended by paragraph (3), 
        is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(9) Gallons per cycle.--The term `gallons per cycle' 
        means, with respect to a dishwasher, the amount of water, 
        expressed in gallons, required to complete a normal cycle of a 
        dishwasher.
            ``(10) Water consumption factor.--The term `water 
        consumption factor' means, with respect to a clothes washer, 
        the quotient of the total weighted per-cycle water consumption 
        divided by the cubic foot (or liter) capacity of the clothes 
        washer.''.
    (f) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to appliances produced after December 31, 2007.

SEC. 235. FIVE-YEAR APPLICABLE RECOVERY PERIOD FOR DEPRECIATION OF 
              QUALIFIED ENERGY MANAGEMENT DEVICES.

    (a) In General.--Section 168(e)(3)(B) (relating to 5-year property) 
is amended by striking ``and'' at the end of clause (v), by striking 
the period at the end of clause (vi) and inserting ``, and'', and by 
inserting after clause (vi) the following new clause:
                            ``(vii) any qualified energy management 
                        device.''.
    (b) Definition of Qualified Energy Management Device.--Section 
168(i) (relating to definitions and special rules) is amended by 
inserting at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(18) Qualified energy management device.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `qualified energy 
                management device' means any energy management device 
                which is installed on real property of a customer of 
                the taxpayer and is placed in service by a taxpayer 
                who--
                            ``(i) is a supplier of electric energy or a 
                        provider of electric energy services, and
                            ``(ii) provides all commercial and 
                        residential customers of such supplier or 
                        provider with net metering upon the request of 
                        such customer.
                    ``(B) Energy management device.--For purposes of 
                subparagraph (A), the term `energy management device' 
                means any time-based meter and related communication 
                equipment which is capable of being used by the 
                taxpayer as part of a system that--
                            ``(i) measures and records electricity 
                        usage data on a time-differentiated basis in at 
                        least 24 separate time segments per day,
                            ``(ii) provides for the exchange of 
                        information between supplier or provider and 
                        the customer's energy management device in 
                        support of time-based rates or other forms of 
                        demand response, and
                            ``(iii) provides data to such supplier or 
                        provider so that the supplier or provider can 
                        provide energy usage information to customers 
                        electronically.
                    ``(C) Net metering.--For purposes of subparagraph 
                (A), the term `net metering' means allowing customers a 
                credit for providing electricity to the supplier or 
                provider.''.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to property placed in service after the date of the enactment of 
this Act.

                     TITLE III--REVENUE PROVISIONS

SEC. 301. LIMITATION OF DEDUCTION FOR INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO DOMESTIC 
              PRODUCTION OF OIL, GAS, OR PRIMARY PRODUCTS THEREOF.

    (a) Denial of Deduction for Major Integrated Oil Companies for 
Income Attributable to Domestic Production of Oil, Gas, or Primary 
Products Thereof.--
            (1) In general.--Subparagraph (B) of section 199(c)(4) 
        (relating to exceptions) is amended by striking ``or'' at the 
        end of clause (ii), by striking the period at the end of clause 
        (iii) and inserting ``, or'', and by inserting after clause 
        (iii) the following new clause:
                            ``(iv) in the case of any major integrated 
                        oil company (as defined in section 
                        167(h)(5)(B)), the production, refining, 
                        processing, transportation, or distribution of 
                        oil, gas, or any primary product thereof during 
                        any taxable year described in section 
                        167(h)(5)(B).''.
            (2) Primary product.--Section 199(c)(4)(B) is amended by 
        adding at the end the following flush sentence:
                ``For purposes of clause (iv), the term `primary 
                product' has the same meaning as when used in section 
                927(a)(2)(C), as in effect before its repeal.''.
    (b) Limitation on Oil Related Qualified Production Activities 
Income for Taxpayers Other Than Major Integrated Oil Companies.--
            (1) In general.--Section 199(d) is amended by redesignating 
        paragraph (9) as paragraph (10) and by inserting after 
        paragraph (8) the following new paragraph:
            ``(9) Special rule for taxpayers with oil related qualified 
        production activities income.--
                    ``(A) In general.--If a taxpayer (other than a 
                major integrated oil company (as defined in section 
                167(h)(5)(B))) has oil related qualified production 
                activities income for any taxable year beginning after 
                2009, the amount of the deduction under subsection (a) 
                shall be reduced by 3 percent of the least of--
                            ``(i) the oil related qualified production 
                        activities income of the taxpayer for the 
                        taxable year,
                            ``(ii) the qualified production activities 
                        income of the taxpayer for the taxable year, or
                            ``(iii) taxable income (determined without 
                        regard to this section).
                    ``(B) Oil related qualified production activities 
                income.--The term `oil related qualified production 
                activities income' means for any taxable year the 
                qualified production activities income which is 
                attributable to the production, refining, processing, 
                transportation, or distribution of oil, gas, or any 
                primary product thereof during such taxable year.''.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--Section 199(d)(2) (relating to 
        application to individuals) is amended by striking ``subsection 
        (a)(1)(B)'' and inserting ``subsections (a)(1)(B) and 
        (d)(9)(A)(iii)''.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2008.

SEC. 302. CLARIFICATION OF DETERMINATION OF FOREIGN OIL AND GAS 
              EXTRACTION INCOME.

    (a) In General.--Paragraph (1) of section 907(c) is amended by 
redesignating subparagraph (B) as subparagraph (C), by striking ``or'' 
at the end of subparagraph (A), and by inserting after subparagraph (A) 
the following new subparagraph:
                    ``(B) so much of any transportation of such 
                minerals as occurs before the fair market value event, 
                or''.
    (b) Fair Market Value Event.--Subsection (c) of section 907 is 
amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(6) Fair market value event.--For purposes of this 
        section, the term `fair market value event' means, with respect 
        to any mineral, the first point in time at which such mineral--
                    ``(A) has a fair market value which can be 
                determined on the basis of a transfer, which is an 
                arm's length transaction, of such mineral from the 
                taxpayer to a person who is not related (within the 
                meaning of section 482) to such taxpayer, or
                    ``(B) is at a location at which the fair market 
                value is readily ascertainable by reason of 
                transactions among unrelated third parties with respect 
                to the same mineral (taking into account source, 
                location, quality, and chemical composition).''.
    (c) Special Rule for Certain Petroleum Taxes.--Subsection (c) of 
section 907, as amended by subsection (b), is amended to by adding at 
the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(7) Oil and gas taxes.--In the case of any tax imposed by 
        a foreign country which is limited in its application to 
        taxpayers engaged in oil or gas activities--
                    ``(A) the term `oil and gas extraction taxes' shall 
                include such tax,
                    ``(B) the term `foreign oil and gas extraction 
                income' shall include any taxable income which is taken 
                into account in determining such tax (or is directly 
                attributable to the activity to which such tax 
                relates), and
                    ``(C) the term `foreign oil related income' shall 
                not include any taxable income which is treated as 
                foreign oil and gas extraction income under 
                subparagraph (B).''.
    (d) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Subparagraph (C) of section 907(c)(1), as redesignated 
        by this section, is amended by inserting ``or used by the 
        taxpayer in the activity described in subparagraph (B)'' before 
        the period at the end.
            (2) Subparagraph (B) of section 907(c)(2) is amended to 
        read as follows:
                    ``(B) so much of the transportation of such 
                minerals or primary products as is not taken into 
                account under paragraph (1)(B),''.
    (e) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of 
this Act.

SEC. 303. TIME FOR PAYMENT OF CORPORATE ESTIMATED TAXES.

    The percentage under subparagraph (C) of section 401(1) of the Tax 
Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005 in effect on the 
date of the enactment of this Act is increased by 3.00 percentage 
points.

                       TITLE IV--OTHER PROVISIONS

                          Subtitle A--Studies

SEC. 401. CARBON AUDIT OF THE TAX CODE.

    (a) Study.--The Secretary of the Treasury shall enter into an 
agreement with the National Academy of Sciences to undertake a 
comprehensive review of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to identify 
the types of and specific tax provisions that have the largest effects 
on carbon and other greenhouse gas emissions and to estimate the 
magnitude of those effects.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the National Academy of Sciences shall submit to Congress a 
report containing the results of study authorized under this section.
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $1,500,000 for the period of 
fiscal years 2008 and 2009.

SEC. 402. COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF BIOFUELS.

    (a) Study.--The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the 
Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Energy, and the 
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, shall enter into 
an agreement with the National Academy of Sciences to produce an 
analysis of current scientific findings to determine--
            (1) current biofuels production, as well as projections for 
        future production,
            (2) the maximum amount of biofuels production capable on 
        United States farmland,
            (3) the domestic effects of a dramatic increase in biofuels 
        production on, for example--
                    (A) the price of fuel,
                    (B) the price of land in rural and suburban 
                communities,
                    (C) crop acreage and other land use,
                    (D) the environment, due to changes in crop 
                acreage, fertilizer use, runoff, water use, emissions 
                from vehicles utilizing biofuels, and other factors,
                    (E) the price of feed,
                    (F) the selling price of grain crops,
                    (G) exports and imports of grains,
                    (H) taxpayers, through cost or savings to commodity 
                crop payments, and
                    (I) the expansion of refinery capacity,
            (4) the ability to convert corn ethanol plants for other 
        uses, such as cellulosic ethanol or biodiesel,
            (5) a comparative analysis of corn ethanol versus other 
        biofuels and renewable energy sources, considering cost, energy 
        output, and ease of implementation, and
            (6) the need for additional scientific inquiry, and 
        specific areas of interest for future research.
    (b) Report.--The National Academy of Sciences shall submit an 
initial report of the findings of the report required under subsection 
(a) to the Congress not later than 3 months after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, and a final report not later than 6 months after 
such date of enactment.

Subtitle B--Application of Certain Labor Standards on Projects Financed 
                         Under Tax Credit Bonds

SEC. 411. APPLICATION OF CERTAIN LABOR STANDARDS ON PROJECTS FINANCED 
              UNDER TAX CREDIT BONDS.

    Subchapter IV of chapter 31 of title 40, United States Code, shall 
apply to projects financed with the proceeds of any tax credit bond (as 
defined in section 54A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986).

            Passed the House of Representatives February 27, 2008.

            Attest:

                                            LORRAINE C. MILLER,

                                                                 Clerk.
```