# Patent

## Title
Weapon sight

## Abstract

This invention, as a unit, is a training adjustable combination sight, primarily intended to be mounted on a vehicle of smaller vessel for close-in defense of these against air and ground attacks. In its entirety, aside from the required sight sensors (16-18) situated in an intentionally elevatable sensor housing (4), the combination sight entails a weapon (8) that is controlled by the sensors. The sight sensors (16-18) included in the combination sight can also be utilized for fire control of exterior weapons located elsewhere as well as for gathering purely surveillance data.

## Background
This application is a continuation of Ser. No. 11/866,005 filed Oct. 2, 2007, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 10/496,117 filed Oct. 13, 2004 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,293,493, which is a National Stage of PCT/SE02/01829 filed Oct. 9, 2002, which claims priority to SE 0103828-0 filed Nov. 19, 2001, the entire contents of all are hereby incorporated by reference.


This invention is a combination sight, primarily intended to be mounted on a vehicle or small vessel for close-in defence of these and against air and ground assaults. The complete combination sight is includes its own internal weapon controlled by the sight sensors. The sight sensors included in the combination sight can also be utilised for fire control of exterior weapons located elsewhere as well as for gathering purely surveillance data.
Whereas previously when faced especially with surprise air-attacks against single vehicles and smaller vehicle groupings, without advanced immediate air and ground defences, it was virtually necessary to direct the fastest and largest possible armed forces against an attacker with the best infantry weapons available, and thus more or less applied the shotgun principle. The risk for surprise air attacks have not only considerably increased with the introduction of the attack helicopter but so has the effect of such attacks. The need for sensor-controlled close-in defence weapons that can rapidly and effectively provide well-aimed fire against attacking enemy aircraft is, therefore, great.
New sensor technology combined with micro-electronics and the enormous development in recent years in computer technology has made it possible to equip a single vehicle with an advanced sight, capable of increased multifaceted defence possibilities against rapidly evolving attacks. There are different types of weapons that do not generate recoil forces than are encountered in a well-planned design, combining sight sensors directly from today's market and which, with target impact, are effective even against attack helicopters, lighter armoured vehicles or employed against strictly infantry targets.
Weapon forms appropriate to the context are exemplified by the 0.50 calibre and 14.5 mm heavy machine guns, that are already deployed in large numbers in the armies of the world as well as the rapid fire grenade canons of recent years.
The basic principle for the combination sight as defined in this invention is that through modular adaptation it is possible with a small number, namely three, conceptually distinct but functionally able to be integrated with basic modules, making it possible to produce a basic sight, an armed sight or a machine-controlled weapon platform. The combination sight, as defined in this invention, shall also be able, when mounted with its advanced sensors on a battle tank, to be used as a shielded and highly effective surveillance platform.
A modular design providing the greatest possible flexibility, while in itself complicated, is not a new basic principle, however, to the best of our knowledge there are no earlier machine-controlled weapon sights that can function both purely as a weapon sight or as a platform for the weapon whose function it controls and whose operating module can also, if necessary, be converted into a pure weapon platform should for example the sight be damaged. According to this invention it is also possible via the utilisation of many of its basic modules to build a weapon sight systems where the various components are individually installed on the vessel or vehicle onto which they are mounted.
Thus, the combination sight, as defined in this invention, first entails (in relation to the vehicle or vessel on which the combination is mounted) a rotational operating, or base module, with a sensor module installed on said module and an installable weapon module above the sensor module, should such be desired.
The base module, included in the combination sight, as defined in this invention, is responsible for the system's training and, to a lesser extent, elevation of the sensor module and thus includes the complete laying motor for the entire combination sight, the associated training brake, and, if necessary, a collective training and elevation motor for all or part of the entire combination sight. The control electronics required for the entire combination sight are appropriately located in the operating, or base, module. Thus, all the variants of the required components for the combination sight are located in the operating or base module.
The sensor module, inclusive of all the sight sensors, is in normal cases mounted directly above the operating module and there its elevation is controlled by the elevation motor in the operating or base module simultaneously as it follows the training of the base module on which it is mounted. The sensor module, thus, includes an elevation-controlled sensor housing shielded against external damage including all sensors, whereof the sensor housing is preferably able to rotate around a horizontal axis, that is journalled in two mutually opposed lifting arms or consoles, vertical to said sensor module, on each side of the rotational sensor housing, which, aside from supporting the sight module's elevation axis, also provide space for all necessary communication between the operating module and the sensor module. The elevation motor in the operating module equipped with a synchronous drive belt, or some equivalent thereto, installed in each of the lifting arms or consoles can control the elevation of the sensor housing. The lifting arms or consoles can also provide space for such extra constituent parts as cooling channels for the circulation of cooling air and, in particularly hot climates, cooling elements for the circulating air.
Above the sensor module, should such be desired, a weapon module can be mounted entailing two mutually opposed vertical extensions of the sensor housing journals that support the lifting arms or consoles and obtaining between these two is their own elevation-journalled horizontal axis, as its elevation is driven by the elevation motor via at least one of the sensor housing journals linked to the weapon.
With this arrangement, the weapon and sensors follow one another in elevation as well as training because the same elevation motor controls the elevation of both modules elevation even if one of the elevatable modules' own elevation motor functions on its own, while both units function as a single unit with regard to training. According to another variant, the weapon is equipped with its own elevation motor that is both mechanical, e. g., synchronous belt drive, as it is electrical, connected to the elevation motor in the operating module such that both moth motors act as a single unit. The benefit of this configuration, among other things, is that the elevation motor in the operating module can be devoted solely to the moving mass of the sensor module and also need not be dimensioned for a weapon, which may not always be mounted. Generally, as the weapon shall have greater a mass than the sensor module and shall need to be kept still during fire, and appropriately it shall be equipped with its elevation brake.
Aside from the aforementioned, it also applies that the interfaces or places of interconnection between the operating module and the sensor module as well as between the sensor module and the weapon module shall be identically designed, which means that the sensor module can, if necessary, be excluded and the entire sight-weapon combination is converted to a pure weapon platform. It can be advantageous in those cases where special considerations mean that the weapon and sight should be mounted separately. Further, intermediary devices mounted between the module units can be used to provide the sensor housing and/or the weapon with extreme elevation possibilities adapted for particular areas of use (elevation purposes).
With the weapon mounted above the sight, feeding rounds to the weapon needs to be resolved in a special way, but because the weapons are primarily thought to be used in connection with the combination sight as defined in this invention they shall be belt-fed rounds, thus a feed control for the round belt from the main magazine to the weapons load feeder must be designed and this feed control can, in most cases, be designed with very simple means. Thus, the main magazine would be aptly mounted on the base module so that it follows the same training.



This invention is defined in the patent claims and is now described in more detail with reference to the illustrations shown in the appended Figures.
In these figures
FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 show the complete combination sight seen from the front, side and from above.
FIG. 4 shows sections IV-IV in FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 shows sections V-V in FIG. 1.
FIG. 6 shows from the front a separate use of the sensor module of the combination sight only.
FIG. 7 shows a side view of a separate use of the weapon section.



All constituent parts, to the extent they appear, have been given the same designations on the different figures.
The main sections in the complete combination sight are a base or operating module (1), two vertical sensor consoles (2 & 3), a sensor housing (4), two vertical weapon consoles (6 & 7) and the weapon (8). A heavy machine gun, a mortar or other automatic loading weapon with such a limited recoil that the weapon recoil shall not damage the sensors in the sensor housing.
The base or operating module, whose main components are shown in FIG. 4, entails a central vertical rotation bearing (9), around which the entire combination sight can rotate a full revolution. There are also slip ring connections, in relation to this rotation bearing, for the transfer of operating electricity and the execution of operating commands. Further, there is a training motor (10), a training brake (11) and space for control electronics (12) and an elevation motor (13). The latter is primarily adapted for the elevating the sensor housing (4), e. g., through one of the synchronous drive belts in the sensor consoles (2 & 3). A half-moon shaped round magazine is permanently mounted on the base module. The round magazine thus follows the training of the base module. The weapon (8) round belt runs from the magazine (14) through a round leader (15) to the loading position of the weapon.
The elevation supported sensor housing (4), between both vertical sensor consoles (2 & 3), are equipped with three sensor windows (16-18) that are intended for a video camera (16), an IR camera (17) and a laser range finder (18). Sensor housing (4) is equipped with a forward and return three-armed window wiper (19) for cleaning the sensor windows.
Sensor consoles pairs 2,3 and 6,7 can replace one another as well as being able to be linked together in that the interfaces between them and the selectable consoles and the base module are designed to make this possible, which, in itself, also means that all electrical contact routes can be maintained regardless of the console being used. The consoles can also be used for other purposes, e. g., to circulate cooling air. If the combination sight, as defined in this invention, shall be used in a very hot climate a cooling element (20) can be located in one of the consoles that the cooling air can pass through during circulation. As earlier indicated, the elevation of the sensor housing can be driven primarily by a synchronous drive belt, or some equivalent thereof, from the elevation motor (13) in the base module through one of the consoles. Theoretically, the weapon could have its elevation controlled in the same way but because the weapon, in most cases, shall have the greatest individual mass it can be more appropriate (as a rule) to, as indicated by FIG. 1, provide the weapon with its own elevation motor (21) controlled in parallel with the sensor housing elevation motor (13). FIG. 1 also has a weapon brake specified in the drawing. Weapon brake (22) is tasked with rapidly stopping the horizontal motion of the weapon connected to the sight at the same instant as the sight acquires the target and the weapon is held still while firing.
As indicated earlier, console pairs 2,3 and 6,7 can replace one another. In addition to linked consoles that provide extremely large elevation angles can be used if necessary. Such is exemplified in FIG. 7, where 23 and 24 designate them, but 24 is hidden in the figure.
Because the consoles have the maximum degree of interchangeability, they make possible the sight and surveillance module, indicated in FIG. 6, that can be used to control separately mounted weapons as well as the pure weapon module indicated in FIG. 7, which, thus, can be controlled by a separately mounted sight module, as indicate din FIG. 6. Reprogramming of the weapon control algorithms used is required to accommodate having the sight module and weapon module located beside one another and at a given distance from one another, but this only requires the use of current conventional technology.

## Claims

1. A modular sight and weapon apparatus, comprising:
a plurality of modules having a modular design and being functionally able to integrate in different configurations;
wherein the modules of the plurality of modules comprise:
a base module having:
a. a base-to-carrier mounting structure for mounting the base module on a carrier;
b. a module unit mounting structure for mounting module units on the base module, the module unit mounting structure being rotationally movable in relation to the base-to-carrier mounting structure;
c. a training motor rendering the base module training-adjustable; and
d. base-to-console fixture points for mounting a pair of mutually opposed and vertically protruding console modules on the base module;

a console module having a console-to-base fixture mechanism that is mountable to the base-to-console fixture point of the base module and a journal mechanism supporting an elevation axle of a module unit mounted thereto; and
a selection of:
a weapon module having a weapon and a weapon-to-console mounting structure for mounting the weapon on the console module with an elevation axle supported by the journal mechanism of the console module;
and/or
a sight module having a sensor housing and sight sensors and a sight-to-console mounting structure for mounting the sight module on the console module with an elevation axle supported by the journal mechanism of the console module.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the base module further comprises a training brake.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the base module further comprises a first elevation motor.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising a weapon elevation motor adapted to be controlled in parallel with the first elevation motor.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the base module further comprises control electronics.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a second console module, the console module and the second console module forming a console module pair that is mountable to the base-to-console fixture points of the base module, wherein a weapon module or a sight module is mountable to be suspended in elevation between the console module and the second console module of the console module pair.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the console module further comprises a communication space for housing communication between the base module and a module unit mounted on the console pair.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the console module further comprises a synchronous drive mechanism enabling a first elevation motor of the base module to control the elevation of a module unit mounted on the console module pair.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the console module further comprises an air channel the circulation of cooling air.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the console module further comprises a cooling element for circulating air.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a first console module pair comprises a console-to-console fixture mechanism enabling the console module pair to be linked with a second console module pair.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an intermediary elevation device module that is mountable between module units.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a sensor housing having a sensor window for a sight sensor.

14. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a sight sensor being selected from a video camera, an infrared (IR) camera and a laser range finder.

15. The apparatus of claim 13, the sensor housing comprising a window wiper for cleaning the sensor window.

16. The apparatus of claim 1, the weapon being an automatic loading weapon.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, the automatic loading weapon being a heavy machine gun or a mortar.

18. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a weapon brake adapted to brake a horizontal motion of the weapon.

19. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a feed control structure having a magazine for belt-fed rounds and a round leader adapted to lead a round belt from the magazine to a loading position of the weapon.

20. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a magazine for rounds being mountable such that the magazine for rounds follows the training of the base module.

21. A modular sight and weapon apparatus, comprising:
a plurality of modules having a modular design and being functionally able to integrate in different configurations;
wherein the modules of the plurality of modules comprise:
a training-adjustable base module, having a training motor and control electronics,

the base module having:
a. a base-to-carrier mounting structure for mounting the base module on a carrier;
b. a module unit mounting structure for mounting module units on the base module, the module unit mounting structure being rotationally movable in relation to the base-to carrier mounting structure;
c. a training motor rendering the base module training-adjustable; and
d. base-to-console fixture points for mounting a pair of mutually opposed and vertically protruding console modules on the base module;

two vertically protruding console modules mounted on the base module, each console module having a console-to-base fixture mechanism that is mountable to the base-to console fixture point of the base module and a journal mechanism supporting an elevation axle of a module unit mounted thereto,
sight module having a sensor housing and sight sensors and a sight-to-console mounting structure for mounting the sight module on the console module with an elevation axle supported by the journal mechanism of the console module;

and
a sensor-controlled weapon module, the weapon module having a weapon and a weapon-to-console mounting structure for mounting the weapon on the console module with an elevation axle supported by the journal mechanism of the console module;
the sight module and the weapon module being mounted between the console modules.

22. A modular sight and weapon apparatus, comprising:
a plurality of modules having a modular design and being functionally able to integrate in different configurations;
wherein the modules of the plurality of modules comprise:
a training-adjustable base module, having a training motor and control electronics, the base module having

a. a base-to-carrier mounting structure for mounting the base module on a carrier;
b. a module unit mounting structure for mounting module units on the base module, the module unit mounting structure being rotationally movable in relation to the base-to carrier mounting structure;
c. a training motor rendering the base module training-adjustable; and
d. base-to-console fixture points for mounting a pair of mutually opposed and vertically protruding console modules on the base module;
two vertically protruding console modules mounted on the base module, each console module having a console-to-base fixture mechanism that is mountable to a the base-to console fixture point of the base module and a journal mechanism supporting an elevation axle of a module unit mounted thereto; and
sight module mounted between the console modules, the sight module having a sensor housing and sight sensors and a sight-to-console mounting structure for mounting the sight module on the console module with an elevation axle supported by the journal mechanism of the console module.

23. A modular sight and weapon apparatus, comprising:
a plurality of modules having a modular design and being functionally able to integrate in different configurations;
wherein the modules of the plurality of modules comprise:
a training-adjustable base module, having a training motor and control electronics,


the base module having
a. a base-to-carrier mounting structure for mounting the base module on a carrier;
b. a module unit mounting structure for mounting module units on the base module, the module unit mounting structure being rotationally movable in relation to the base-to carrier mounting structure;
c. a training motor rendering the base module training-adjustable; and
d. base-to-console fixture points for mounting a pair of mutually opposed and vertically protruding console modules on the base module;

two vertically protruding console modules mounted on the base module; and
a sight sensor-controlled weapon mounted between the consoles modules.

24. A modular sight and weapon apparatus, comprising:
a plurality of modules having a modular design and being functionally able to integrate in different configurations;
wherein the modules of the plurality of modules comprise:
a base module, having a training motor, a first elevation motor and control electronics;
two vertically protruding consoles modules mounted on the base module, each console module having a console-to-base fixture mechanism that is mountable to a the base-to console fixture point of the base module and a journal mechanism supporting an elevation axle of a module unit mounted thereto;
a sight module having sight sensors, a sensor housing, sight sensors, and a sight-to-console mounting structure for mounting the sight module on the console module with an elevation axle supported by the journal mechanism of the console module;
and
a sensor-controlled weapon module having a weapon and a weapon-to-console structure for mounting the weapon on the console module with an elevation axle supported by the journal mechanism of a the console;
the sight module and the weapon module being mounted between the console modules;
wherein
the weapon and the sight sensors of the sight module are arranged to follow one another in elevation as well as training.

25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the same elevation motor controls the elevation of both the sight module and the weapon module.

26. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the weapon module has a second elevation motor that is mechanically and electrically connected to the first elevation motor.

27. A modular sight and weapon apparatus including a base module,
the base module having a modular design and being functionally able to integrate with other modules of the modular sight and weapon apparatus in different configurations;
the base module comprising:
a. a base-to-carrier mounting structure for mounting the base module on a carrier;
b. a module unit mounting structure for mounting module units on the base module, the module unit mounting structure being rotationally movable in relation to the base-to carrier mounting structure;
c. a training motor rendering the base module training-adjustable; and
d. base-to-console fixture points for mounting a pair of mutually opposed and vertically protruding console modules on the base module.

28. A modular sight and weapon apparatus including a console module,
the console module having a modular design and being functionally able to integrate with other modules of the modular sight and weapon apparatus in different configurations;
the console module comprising:
a. a console-to-base fixture mechanism that is mountable to a base-to console fixture point of a base module, and
b. a journal mechanism supporting an elevation axle of a module unit mounted thereto.

29. A modular sight and weapon apparatus including a sight module,
the sight module having a modular design and being functionally able to integrate with other modules of the modular sight and weapon apparatus in different configurations;
the sight module comprising:
a. a sensor housing and sight sensors, and
b. a sight-to-console mounting structure for mounting the sight module on a console module with an elevation axle supported by a journal mechanism of the console module.

30. A modular sight and weapon apparatus including a weapon module,
the weapon module having a modular design and being functionally able to integrate with other modules of the modular sight and weapon apparatus in different configurations;
the weapon module comprising:
a. a weapon, and
b. a weapon-to-console mounting structure for mounting the weapon on a console module with an elevation axle supported by a journal mechanism of the console module.