J-S44038-22

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA

v.

RONALD ALAN COOLBAUGH 

Appellant

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 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 845 MDA 2022

Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered November 1, 2021

In the Court of Common Pleas of Perry County Criminal Division at 

No(s): CP-50-CR-0000234-2021

BEFORE: PANELLA, P.J., McLAUGHLIN, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY PELLEGRINI, J.: FILED: FEBRUARY 6, 2023

Ronald Alan Coolbaugh (Coolbaugh) appeals the judgment of sentence 

entered in the Court of Common Pleas of Perry County (trial court) where he 

entered a counseled plea to one count of stalking with intent to cause fear (18 

Pa.C.S. § 2709.1(a)(2)). He was sentenced by the trial court to a prison term 

of one to five years, which exceeded the sentencing guidelines range. 

Coolbaugh then filed a timely post-sentence motion challenging the 

discretionary aspects of sentencing. The motion was denied by operation of 

law and Coolbaugh timely appealed. He now argues that the trial court abused 

its discretion by imposing a manifestly excessive sentence and ignoring 

mandatory sentencing factors. We affirm.

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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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As Coolbaugh agreed to the factual basis of the charge at the plea 

hearing, the facts of this case are undisputed. It was alleged by the 

Commonwealth that Coolbaugh had sent a series of anonymous and sexually 

explicit communications to his step-daughter. See Plea Hearing, 8/12/2021, 

at p. 2. These harassing messages persisted for a span of several years and 

included the posting of photos of the victim’s bedroom on social media.

The offense gravity score of the crime was four, and the standard 

guidelines sentence was a period of restorative sanction or incarceration for a 

term of up to three months, with an aggravated range of an additional three 

months. The statutory maximum sentence was two and one-half to five years.

Coolbaugh stated at the plea hearing that he understood the nature of 

the offense to which he was pleading, as well as the range of punishments 

that could be imposed as the result of his plea. After the trial court completed 

a plea colloquy with Coolbaugh, he entered an open plea of guilty. The trial 

court then ordered a pre-sentence investigation report (PSI). The victim of 

the offense also submitted an impact statement.

At the subsequent sentencing hearing, the Commonwealth summarized 

the victim’s impact statement to the trial court:

I’d note, of significance when I went through her statement, she 

referenced several times where she actually changed phone 

numbers to try to avoid the repeated conduct – the repeated 

communications that were causing her some severe emotional 

distress only to have those numbers – that conduct resurface. 

Looking back on it, I’m sure that all makes sense now why the 

[Coolbaugh] had access to her phone numbers to be able to do 

that repeatedly. And then, you know, probably the most 
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concerning thing, quite frankly, and I’ll try not to get too involved 

or vulgar with my description, but after this incident came to light 

and she identified the defendant was actually the source of this -

- these messages, photos, naked photos and comments, he more 

or less doubled down on situation and sent more messages 

indicating that he was, essentially, pleasuring himself with her 

underwear and telling – describing in vivid detail how he did that. 

Given the extreme conduct, for lack of a better way to put it, the 

extreme nature of what [Coolbaugh] did, the extreme mental 

distress that this put the victim under for a prolonged period of 

time, [the Commonwealth] was asking for a max sentence in this 

case, two and a half to five. That is the request being made by 

the Commonwealth. We’d ask the Court to consider that in light 

of just the totality of the circumstances here.

Sentencing Hearing Transcript, 11/1/2021, at pp. 2-3.

In response, Coolbaugh’s counsel requested the trial court to impose a 

term of six months, which was within the aggravated guidelines range, as the 

higher end of the standard range was three months. Counsel stressed that 

Coolbaugh was 53 years old, that he had no prior criminal record and that he 

was remorseful. Additionally, counsel asserted that Coolbaugh was a good 

candidate for rehabilitation, and that he was a caregiver for both of his elderly 

parents. Coolbaugh himself gave a brief statement in which he expressed 

remorse for his crime and the grief it had caused his family.

The trial court indicated that it was not receptive to Coolbaugh’s request 

for a sentence within the guidelines, reasoning that the circumstances of the 

offense were far more severe and harmful than when the crime is typically 

committed:

This goes so far beyond what I normally see in a stalking case that 

it’s a little bit hard to comprehend. And then to find out it was her 

stepdad, someone who should be looking out for her; somebody 
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that should be out looking for the guy who was doing this to her, 

one of the people who should have been in charge of making sure 

she was safe, she felt safe and doing everything he could to make 

her happy. Instead, you used all that personal information you 

had about her to basically terrorize her for years. The real 

question in this case is not whether the guidelines apply — excuse 

me, is not whether this should be an aggravated sentence but 

whether the guidelines even apply. As your attorney pointed out, 

you have no — you know, criminal history, which makes this even 

more of an anomaly because what possessed you to go through

this type of behavior for years.

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This is above and beyond what would normally be called for to 

commit the crime of stalking; and it’s for that reason I don’t think 

a standard-range sentence applies; and it’s that reason I don’t 

think that six months, which would be the aggravated range, does 

this justice.

Id. at pp. 5-6.

Accordingly, the trial court imposed a prison term of one to five years. 

Coolbaugh filed a post-sentence motion in which he argued that the sentence 

was manifestly excessive, purely punitive, and contrary to statutory 

requirements that the trial court consider the totality of the circumstances in 

the case. See Post Sentence Motion, 11/12/2021, at p. 2. The motion was 

denied by operation of law, and after Coolbaugh timely appealed, the trial 

court drafted a memorandum outlining why the sentence should be upheld. 

See Trial Court Opinion, 8/29/2021, at pp. 1-3.

Since Coolbaugh’s claim concerns a discretionary aspect of his sentence, 

and such claims are not reviewable as a matter of right, we must first 

determine whether our jurisdiction has been properly invoked. See 
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Commonwealth v. Buterbaugh, 91 A.3d 1247, 1265 (Pa. Super. 2014). In 

order to invoke this Court’s jurisdiction to review such claims, an appellant 

must satisfy a four-part test:

(1) the appellant preserved the issue either by raising it at the 

time of sentencing or in a post-sentence motion; (2) the appellant 

filed a timely notice of appeal; (3) the appellant[’s brief] set forth 

a concise statement of reasons relied upon for the allowance of 

appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f); and (4) the appellant raises 

a substantial question for our review.

Commonwealth v. Baker, 72 A.3d 652, 662 (Pa. Super. 2013).

A substantial question concerns whether the sentence imposed is (1) 

appropriate under the Sentencing Code or (2) otherwise contrary to the 

fundamental norms which underlie the sentencing process. See 

Commonwealth v. Cook, 941 A.2d 7, 11 (Pa. Super. 2007).

In the present case, Coolbaugh preserved his appellate claim by raising 

it in a post-sentence motion; he timely filed a notice of appeal; and there is 

no defect in his brief. Coolbaugh has also raised a substantial question by

claiming that the trial court imposed a purely punitive sentence outside of the 

guidelines range without stating on the record its consideration of all 

mandatory sentencing factors. See Commonwealth v. Rodda, 723 A.2d 

212 (Pa. Super. 1999). We now review the merits of Coolbaugh’s claim.

“Sentencing is vested in the discretion of the trial court, and will not be 

disturbed absent a manifest abuse of that discretion.” Commonwealth v. 

Downing, 990 A.2d 788, 792 (Pa. Super. 2010). An abuse of discretion may

be proven where the record demonstrates that the trial court “ignored or
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misapplied the law, exercised its judgment for reasons of partiality, prejudice, 

bias or ill will, or arrived at a manifestly unreasonable decision.” Rodda, 723 

A.2d at 214.

“When imposing a sentence, the sentencing court must consider the 

factors set out in 42 Pa.C.S. § 9721(b), that is, the protection of the public, 

gravity of offense in relation to impact on victim and community, and 

rehabilitative needs of the defendant [.]” Commonwealth v. Fullin, 892 A.2d 

843, 847 (Pa. Super. 2006). The trial court must also take into account the 

applicable sentencing guidelines. See Fullin, 892 A.2d at 847. On appeal, a

sentence outside of the guidelines must be upheld by the reviewing court as 

long as the sentence is “reasonable.” 42 Pa.S.C. § 9781(c).

Where a trial court is informed by a PSI, “it is presumed that the court 

is aware of all appropriate sentencing factors and considerations, and that 

where the court has been so informed, its discretion should not be disturbed.” 

Commonwealth v. Ventura, 975 A.2d 1128, 1135 (Pa. Super. 2009) (citing

Commonwealth v. Devers, 546 A.2d 12, 18 (Pa. 1988)).

Here, Coolbaugh argues that his sentence is excessive because the trial 

court considered only the nature and severity of the offense, ignoring other 

mandatory considerations, such as his rehabilitative needs, remorse, lack of 

a prior criminal record and the care he provided to his parents. According to 

Coolbaugh, the trial court imposed an unreasonable sentence which exceeded 

the guidelines range warranting a resentencing.
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We find that the trial court did not impose an unreasonable sentence. 

At the sentencing hearing, the trial court indicated that it had reviewed the 

PSI, which had included a recommendation of a sentence in the aggravated 

range due to the prolonged period during which Coolbaugh had harassed the 

victim. Moreover, the trial court correctly recounted the standard and 

aggravated ranges of the guidelines. A sentence of one to five years was 

imposed, well above the aggravated guidelines range of six months.

The trial court reasoned that the guidelines were not applicable because, 

despite Coolbaugh’s lack of a criminal history, he had engaged in a pattern of 

harmful conduct toward his step-daughter for several years. See Sentencing 

Hearing Transcript, 11/1/2021, at pp. 5-6. Further, the trial court stated on 

the record the various and atypical ways in which the victim had been 

impacted by Coolbaugh’s offense during that span. It is of no moment that 

the trial court put little emphasis on mitigating circumstances and other 

required considerations because the trial court had the benefit of the PSI. It 

must, therefore, be presumed that the trial court was “aware of all appropriate 

sentencing factors and considerations.” Ventura, 975 A.2d at 1135.

Thus, because the trial court did not violate any provision of the 

Sentencing Code or any fundamental norm of the sentencing process, and the 

sentence was reasonable, no relief is due.

Judgement of sentence affirmed.
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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 02/06/2023