# Patent

## Title
Surface mounted light fixture and heat dissipating structure for same

## Abstract

A light emitting apparatus includes a light source, a unitary formed heat sink with a plurality of heat dissipating fins, a lensed enclosure that retains a light source and at least one power consuming device other than the light source. The lensed enclosure includes a recessed opening having at least a first wall that terminates at a substantially perpendicular second wall. The plurality of heat dissipating fins are disposed on at least one adjacent exterior side of the walled enclosure, the fins extending outwardly. At least one fin coupled to the heat sink extends beyond the light source, and the heat generated by the light source travels by conduction laterally through the heat sink to the at least one coupled fin.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 17/954,386, filed on Sep. 28, 2022, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 17/407,831, filed on Aug. 20, 2021 (now U.S. Pat. No. 11,493,190), which is a continuation-in-part of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/158,923, filed Jan. 26, 2021 (now U.S. Pat. No. 11,118,764), which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/863,962, filed Apr. 30, 2020 (now U.S. Pat. No. 11,009,218), which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/667,682, filed Oct. 29, 2019 (now U.S. Pat. No. 10,907,805), which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/283,813, filed Feb. 24, 2019 (now U.S. Pat. No. 10,495,289), which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/782,665, filed Oct. 12, 2017 (now U.S. Pat. No. 10,415,803), which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/486,531, filed Sep. 15, 2014 (now U.S. Pat. No. 9,816,693), which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/161,283, filed Jun. 15, 2011 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,944,637), which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 29/390,547, filed Apr. 25, 2011 (now U.S. Pat. No. D653792), the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.


TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates generally to light fixtures. More specifically, the present invention relates to a light fixture for a light-emitting diode (LED) light source having effective heat dissipation capability.
BACKGROUND
Solid state lighting, such as LEDs, offers a viable alternative to traditional light sources such as fluorescent, high-intensity discharge (HID), and incandescent lamps. Indeed, light fixtures (technically referred to as luminaires in accordance with International Electrotechnical Commission terminology) employing LEDs are fast emerging as a superior alternative to conventional light fixtures because of their high energy conversion and optical efficiency, robustness, lower operating costs, and so forth.
However, a significant concern in the design and operation of LED-based light fixtures is that of thermal management. Implementation of LEDs for many light fixture applications has been hindered by the amount of heat build-up within the electronic circuits of the LEDs. This, heat build-up reduces LED light output, shortens lifespan, and can eventually cause the LEDs to fail. Consequently, effective heat dissipation is an important design consideration for maintaining light output and/or increasing lifespan for the light source.
SUMMARY
A light emitting apparatus includes a light source, a unitary formed heat sink with a plurality of heat dissipating fins, a lensed enclosure that retains a light source and at least one power consuming device other than the light source. The lensed enclosure comprises a recessed opening having at least a first wall that terminates at a substantially perpendicular second wall. At least one light source couples to the second wall surface. The second wall surface is the room facing side of a heat sink, wherein the side opposite to the heat sink side retaining the light source is the heat sink side that is mechanically and/or electromechanically coupled to a support structure. At least one power consuming device other than the light source is coupled to at least one of: the apparatus interior and an exterior surface facing the illuminated room. At least one adjacent exterior side of the walled enclosure has a plurality of heat dissipating fins, unitarily formed with the heat sink, that extend outwardly. At least one fin coupled to the heat sink extends beyond the light source toward the illuminated room, and the heat generated by the light source travels by conduction latterly laterally through the heat sink to the at least one coupled fin.
A light emitting apparatus includes a light source, an lensed enclosure that retains a light source, a unitary formed heat sink with a plurality of heat dissipating fins, an aperture opening disposed between two fins, and at least one power consuming device other than the light source. The lensed enclosure includes a recessed opening having at a least first wall that terminates at a substantially perpendicular second wall. At least one light source couples to the second wall surface. The second wall surface is the room facing side of a heat sink and the side opposite to the heat sink side retaining the light source is the heat sink side that is mechanically and/or electromechanically facing a support structure. At least one power consuming device other than the light source is disposed above the side of the heat sink facing the structure and coupled to the heat sink by at least one elongated mechanical fastener. At least one adjacent exterior side of the walled enclosure has a plurality of heat dissipating fins, unitarily formed with the heat sink, that extend outwardly. At least two adjacent fins coupled to the heat sink extend beyond the light source toward the illuminated room. At least one aperture opening is disposed between the two adjacent fins. Heat generated by the light source travels by conduction laterally through the heat sink to the at least two fins extending beyond the light source toward the illuminated room, and air flowing between the two fins remove by convection heat conducted through the fins.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A more complete understanding of the present invention may be derived by referring to the detailed description and claims when considered in connection with the Figures, wherein like reference numbers refer to similar items throughout the Figures, and:
FIG. 1 shows a top view of a surface mounted light fixture in accordance with an embodiment;
FIG. 2 shows a side view of the surface mounted light fixture;
FIG. 3 shows a front perspective view of a heat dissipating structure for the surface mounted light fixture of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 shows a front view of the heat dissipating structure;
FIG. 5 shows a back perspective view of the heat dissipating structure for the surface mounted light fixture;
FIG. 6 shows a back view of the heat dissipating structure;
FIG. 7 shows a side sectional view of the heat dissipating structure along sections lines 7-7 of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 shows a back perspective view of the heat dissipating structure emphasizing an X-brace configuration of the heat dissipating structure;
FIG. 9 shows an exploded perspective view of a mounting detail for the surface mounted light fixture of FIG. 1;
FIG. 10 shows a partial sectional side view of the mounting detail for the surface mounted light fixture;
FIG. 1I shows a partial side view of a lens assembly for the surface mounted light fixture;
FIG. 12 shows a block diagram of a wiring configuration for multiple surface mounted light fixtures,
FIG. 13 shows a block diagram of another wiring configuration for multiple surface mounted light fixtures;
FIG. 14A shows a partial top view of a light source module of the light emitting beat dissipating apparatus, and
FIG. 14B shows a transverse section through the lighting module.
FIG. 15 is a side sectional view of a light emitting apparatus according to an embodiment.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Embodiments of the invention entail a surface mounted light fixture and a heat dissipating structure for the light fixture. The light fixture and heat dissipating structure are configured to accommodate multiple LED light sources. LED lamps, i.e., LED light sources, are particularly suitable for applications calling for low-profile light fixtures due to their compact size. Additionally, the low energy consumption, long operating life, and durability of LED light sources make them advantageous in commercial applications in which a significant number of light fixtures are required to appropriately illuminate a relatively large area.
The surface mounted configuration of the light fixture is especially suitable in, for example, commercial environments, where its low profile decreases the possibility of damage by operational traffic within the commercial space. The heat dissipating structure includes sockets each of which is configured to receive one of the multiple LED light sources. The heat dissipating structure maintains low temperature at the sockets, i.e., the junction between the LED light source and the structure, by effectively conducting heat generated by the LED light source away from the LED light source. Maintaining a low temperature at this junction yields improvements in lamp energy efficiency and enhanced lifespan for the LED light sources. Additionally, the configuration of the heat dissipating structure provides a rigid and moisture resistant design suitable in adverse environments.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, FIG. 1 shows a top view of a surface mounted light fixture 20 in accordance with an embodiment, and FIG. 2 shows a side view of surface mounted light fixture 20. Surface mounted light fixture 20 generally includes a heat dissipating structure 22, an electronics assembly 24 (shown in ghost form in FIG. 1), and lens assemblies 26 Light fixture 20 further includes a bolt 28 (visible in FIG. 9) configured for attachment of heat dissipating structure 22 to an external panel (not shown), which will be discussed in further detail in connection with FIGS. 9 and 10.
Heat dissipating structure 22 includes a first side 30 and a second side 32 opposing first side 30. In an mounting configuration of light fixture 20, light fixture 20 is hung such that second side 32 resides against an external panel, ceiling surface, or the like. Thus, first side 30 faces outwardly toward the underlying volume in which light fixture 20 is installed.
First side 30 includes at least one projection region 34 extending outwardly from first side 30. A socket 36 is formed in an apex 38 of each projection region 34. Each socket 36 is configured to receive a light source 40. Light source 40 may be any suitable lamp or light array, such as an LED lamp. One each of lens assemblies 26 is coupled to first side 30 of heat dissipating structure 22 over each socket 36 containing light source 40. Lens assemblies 26 protect light sources 40 from environmental hazards, such as water damage. Additionally lens assemblies 26 function to appropriately distribute the light from each light source 40 (discussed below).
A junction box 42 is coupled to first side 28 of heat dissipating structure 22 at a central section 44 of structure 22. Thus, junction box 42 is centrally located between adjacent projection regions 34. In an embodiment, heat dissipating structure 22 and junction box 42 may be formed as a monolithic casting (i.e., formed from a single piece of material) of a heat conducting metallic or non-metallic material. In alternative embodiments, heat dissipating structure 22 and junction box 42 may be two separately manufactured components that are bolted, welded, or otherwise coupled together during manufacturing.
In its centralized location between adjacent projection regions 32, junction box 42 functions to centralize power distribution and serves as a data receiving and transmitting hub for light fixture 20. More particularly, electronics assembly 24 is housed in junction box 42, and electronics assembly 24 is configured for electrically interconnecting light sources 40 to an external power source (not shown). Junction box 42 can additionally contain sensory and communications devices such as an occupancy sensor 46, motion sensor, photocell, and the like. In some embodiments, junction box 42 can additionally include one or more openings 47 extending through its side walls. These openings 47 will be discussed in greater detail in connection with FIG. 13. A cover 48 is attached to junction box 42 to protect electronics assembly 24 and any other components from environmental hazards, such as water damage.
The configuration of heat dissipating structure 22 and the use of light sources 40 in the form of LED-based light sources yields a low profile configuration of light fixture 20 having a height 50 of, for example, less than two inches.
Referring now to FIGS. 3 and 4, FIG. 3 shows a front perspective view of heat dissipating structure 22 for surface mounted light fixture 20 (FIG. 1), and FIG. 4 shows a front view of heat dissipating structure 22. In the front views of FIGS. 3 and 4, first side 30 of heat dissipating structure 22 is visible. As mentioned previously, first side 30 faces outwardly toward the underlying volume in which light fixture 20 is installed.
In an embodiment, heat dissipating structure 22 is defined, or delineated, by four quadrants 52. Each of quadrants 52 meets at central section 44, and each of quadrants 52 includes one of projection regions 34. Thus, heat dissipating structure 22 includes four projection regions 34 in the illustrated embodiment. The base of each projection region 34 is surrounded by a generally rectangular, and more particularly, square, frame section 54 (most clearly distinguishable in FIG. 4. A flanged outer frame 56 delineates an outer perimeter of heat dissipating structure 22.
As shown, each of projection regions 34 is a pyramid shaped region having four generally triangular sides 58, each of sides 58 being truncated at apex 38 to accommodate one of sockets 36. In particular, apex 38 of each projection region 34 includes a substantially planar surface 60 surrounding one of sockets 36. Planar surface 60 is oriented substantially perpendicular to an outwardly extending direction of projection region 34. This outwardly extending direction corresponds to height 50 (FIG. 2) of light fixture 20 (FIG. 2). Planar surface 60 includes apertures 62 extending through heat dissipating structure 22 from second side 32 (FIG. 2) to first side 30. Apertures 62 serve as weep holes designed to allow moisture to drain from heat dissipating structure 22, as will be discussed in greater detail below.
As mentioned above, junction box 42 is coupled to first side 30 of heat dissipating structure 22 and is located at central section 44. Accordingly, each of projection regions 34 is immediately adjacent to junction box 42. Junction box 42 may be integrally formed with heat dissipating structure 22 to form as a monolithic casting, or junction box 42 may be bolted, welded, or otherwise coupled to heat dissipating structure 22. As such, junction box 42 is illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 using dashed lines to represent these at least two means for forming the “coupling” between junction box 42 and heat dissipating structure 22.
Junction box 42 includes a threaded opening 64 extending through a back wall 66 of junction box 42. Threaded opening 64 is adapted to receive bolt 28 (FIG. 9) for fastening heat dissipating structure 22 to an external panel and thus fasten light fixture 20 (FIG. 1) to the external panel, as will be discussed in connection with FIGS. 9 and 10.
Referring now to FIGS. 5-7, FIG. 5 shows a back perspective view of heat dissipating structure 22 for surface mounted light fixture 20 (FIG. 1). FIG. 6 shows a back view of heat dissipating structure 22, and FIG. 7 shows a side sectional view of the heat dissipating structure along sections lines 7-7 of FIG. 6. In the back views of FIGS. 5 and 6, second side 32 of heat dissipating structure 22 is visible. As mentioned previously, second side 32 resides against an external panel, ceiling surface, or the like.
Second side 32 includes a heat sink 66 formed in an internal cavity 68 of each of projection regions 34. Heat sink 66 includes a plurality of fins 70 residing in internal cavity 68. Each of fins 70 is in contact with and radially arranged about an outer surface 72 of socket 36. That is, fins 70 are oriented in a starburst pattern surrounding outer surface 72 of socket 36.
As best represented in the side sectional view of FIG. 7, heat dissipating structure 22 exhibits height 50 between apex 38 and frame section 54. Due to the pyramid structure of each of projection regions 34, a height 74 immediately proximate frame section 54 is significantly less than height 50. The decreasing height from apex 38 to frame section 54 results in a correspondingly decreasing height of internal cavity 68 from apex 38 to outer frame 56.
A top edge 76 (see FIG. 5) of each of fins 70 is coupled with an inner surface 78 of projection region 34 and with outer frame 56. Consequently, each of fins 70 exhibits a variable fin height 80 corresponding to height 50 at apex 38 and decreasing to height 74 at the outer perimeter of projection region 34 delineated by frame section 54. Additionally, a bottom edge 82 (see FIG. 5) of each of fins 70 residing in internal cavity 68 is approximately flush with outer frame 56 of heat dissipating structure 22 so that fins 70 do not project outside of outer frame 56.
Heat dissipating structure 22 further includes laterally oriented channels 84 visible from second side 32. Each channel 84 has a first end 86 opening into junction box 72 and a second end 88 opening into one of sockets 36. In particular, each projection region 34 has one of channels 84 extending between junction box 42 and its corresponding socket 36. In an embodiment, each channel 84 is adapted to receive a wire (not shown) extending between electronics assembly 24 (FIG. 1) and socket 36 for electrically interconnecting light source 40 (FIG. 1) to electronics assembly 24. In an embodiment, during assembly of light fixture 20 (FIG. 1), wires (not shown) may be routed from junction box 42 to each of sockets 36 via channels 84. After the wires are residing in channels 84, channels 84 may be sealed using an industrial sealant or encapsulating compound, so that moisture cannot enter channels 84.
FIG. 8 shows a back perspective view of the heat dissipating structure 22 emphasizing an X-brace configuration of heat dissipating structure 22. In particular, a number of fins 70 are not illustrated so that primary fins 70 that provide enhanced rigidity to heat dissipating structure 22 can be clearly visualized.
It will be recalled that a generally rectangular frame section 54 surrounds a base of each projection region 34, such that frame section 54 delineates an outer perimeter of internal cavity 68. For each of projection regions 34, a first pair 90 of fins 70 extends from outer surface 72 of socket 36 to a first pair of diagonally opposed corners 92 of frame section 54. Additionally, a second pair 94 of fins 70 extends from outer surface 72 of socket 36 to a second pair of diagonally opposed corners 96 of frame section 54. Thus, each of first and second pairs 90 and 94, respectively, of fins 70 yields an X-brace configuration within each of projection regions 34 to impart structural rigidity in each quadrant 52 of heat dissipating structure 22.
For purposes of explanation, each of quadrants 52 are successively labeled 52A, 52B, 52C, and 52D in FIG. 8. Thus, quadrant 52A is referred to herein as a first quadrant 52A, quadrant 52B is referred to herein as a second quadrant 52B, quadrant 52C is referred to herein as a third quadrant 52C, and quadrant 52D is referred to herein as a fourth quadrant 52B. First and third quadrants 52A and 52C are arranged in diagonally opposing relation relative to central section 44. In addition, second and fourth quadrants 521 and 521) are arranged in diagonally opposing relation relative to central section 44. Each of projection regions 34 are successively labeled 34A, 34B, 34C, and 34D in FIG. 8. Hence, projection region 34A is referred to herein as a first projection region 34A, projection region 34B is referred to herein as a second projection region 34B, projection region 34C is referred to herein as a third projection region 34C, and projection region 34D is referred to herein as a fourth projection region 34D.
In an embodiment, first pair 90 of fins 70 residing in internal cavity 68 of first projection region 34A located in first quadrant 52A is serially aligned with first pair 90 of fins 70 residing in internal cavity 68 of third projection region 34C located in third quadrant 52C. Similarly, second pair 94 of fins 70 residing in internal cavity 68 of second projection region 34B located in second quadrant 523 is serially aligned with second pair 94 of fins 70 residing in internal cavity 68 of fourth projection region 34D located in fourth quadrant 521). The term “serially aligned” refers to an arrangement of fins 70 in a straight line or row. Accordingly, first pair 90 of fins 70 in each of first and third projection regions 34A and 34C are in a straight line or row, and second pair 94 of fins 70 in each of second and fourth projection regions 34B and 34D are in a straight line or row. This configuration of fins 850 extends the X-brace configuration diagonally across the entirety of heat dissipating structure 22 in order to further enhance the structural rigidity of heat dissipating structure 22. Fins 70 are illustrated as being relatively thin at the junction between central section 44 and fins 70 for simplicity of illustration. However, in practice, fins 70 may be thickened at the junction between central section 44 and fins 70 in order to withstand the stress applied by bolt 28 (FIG. 9) following installation.
Referring to FIGS. 9 and 10, FIG. 9 shows an exploded perspective view of a mounting detail for the surface mounted light fixture 20, and FIG. 10 shows a partial sectional side view of the mounting detail for surface mounted light fixture 20. In an embodiment, surface mounted light fixture 20 is suitable for installation in a refrigerated environment where the ambient temperature may not exceed 45° F. (7.2° C.). The refrigerated environment may be a refrigerated cooler, a walk-in refrigerated room, or the like configured to hold perishable food products. This installation environment is not a requirement however. In alternative embodiments, light fixture 20 may be installed in an environment in which the ambient temperature is greater than or less than 45° F. (7.2° C.).
A refrigerated cooler or walk-in refrigerated room may occasionally be subjected to cleaning by, for example, pressure washing. Thus, such an environment light fixture 20 can be subjected to significant moisture from cleaning operations. Accordingly, light fixture 20 employs several moisture protection strategies that will be discussed in connection with its installation.
Light fixture 20 is installed on a ceiling panel 98, such as the ceiling of an insulated cooler box or a dropped ceiling of a refrigerated room. The term “dropped ceiling” refers to a secondary ceiling hung below the main (structural) ceiling, and the area above the dropped ceiling, i.e., ceiling panel 98, is referred to as a plenum space 100.
Installation entails drilling a hole through ceiling panel 98 that is compatible with the diameter of bolt 28. A gasketed plate 102 is placed directly over the hole. In an embodiment, plate 102 may have a gasket 104 laminated to an underside of plate 102. Thus, once installed, gasket 104 would reside between plate 102 and a top surface 106 of ceiling panel 98. Gasketed plate 102 may further include another gasket 108 placed on and/or adhered to a top side of plate 102. Next, a conventional junction box 110 is placed on top of gasket 108. A neoprene washer 112 can be inserted onto bolt 28. Bolt 28 is inserted through junction box 110, through plate 102, and through ceiling panel 98.
Light fixture 20 is placed against a bottom surface 114 of ceiling panel 98 with a gasket 116 (visible in FIG. 10) interposed between ceiling panel and second side 32 of light fixture 20. Bolt 28 is rotated until some resistance is felt. That is, bolt 28 is rotated into threaded engagement with threaded opening 64 extending through junction box 42 of light fixture 20.
Referring briefly to FIG. 3, heat dissipating structure 22 may include four holes 118 extending through structure 22. Now with reference back to FIGS. 9 and 10, installation continues by fastening four sheet metal alignment screws 120 (two visible in FIG. 10) into ceiling panel 98 via holes 118 after aligning light fixture 20 in its final position. Bolt 28 and alignment screws 120 are fully tightened. After bolt 28 is fully tightened, a cover 122 may be coupled to junction box 110 to seal junction box 110 from moisture.
It should be noted that alignment screws 120 are relatively short so that they do not extend fully through ceiling panel 98. Accordingly, only a single hole is made through ceiling panel 98, thereby creating only one breach in ceiling panel 98 per light fixture 20. As bolt 28 is tightened, compression stress is applied to the X-brace configuration of tins 70 (FIG. 8). This compression stress transfers to fins 70 which act as tributaries for the compression stress. In this manner, the applied pressure is uniformly distributed around flanged outer frame 56 of heat dissipating structure 22, i.e., the perimeter of light fixture 20 (FIG. 1), resulting in a tight seal.
In an embodiment, bolt 28 may be fabricated from a thermally non-conductive material, such as a composite of plastic or graphite, or bolt 28 may be fabricated from a non-corrosive metal that is coated with a thermally non-conductive material. Bolt 28 includes a longitudinally aligned interior passage 124 for directing wiring 126 from an external power source (not shown) to electronics assembly 24 housed in junction box 42. Wiring 126 may include power and control wires for light sources 40 (FIG. 1) and any other electronics, such as occupancy sensor 46 (FIG. 1). Wiring 126 is sealed in passage 124 and is thus sealed from air and moisture travel. In the absence of moist air (or liquid) penetrating from above ceiling panel 98, and by utilizing a thermally non-conductive bolt 28, “sweating,” i.e., condensation build-up, cannot occur.
FIG. 11 shows a partial side view of one of lens assemblies 26 for surface mounted light fixture 20. Inside of the refrigerated space, gasket 116 protects against water entering the backside, i.e., second side 32, of heat dissipating structure 22 if and/or when light fixture 20 is cleaned by, for example, pressure washing. However, in the event that water does penetrate around gasket 116, apertures 62 in planar surface 60 of projection regions 34 located around sockets 36 function as weep holes thus allowing the water to drain by gravity flow.
Lens assembly 26 includes a lens 128 coupled to a surrounding lens frame 130. Installation of lens assembly 26 to heat dissipating structure 22 overlying socket 36 entails placement of a gasket 132 interposed between lens frame 130 and planar surface 60 of projection region 34 surrounding socket 36. Lens frame 130 may then be attached to heat dissipating structure 22 by, for example, non-corrosive screws (not shown). Lens assembly 26 with the intervening gasket 132 effectively seals socket 36 from water. Additionally, lens frame 130 extends partially over apertures 62 so that apertures 62 are not exposed to a direct spray of water. However, a remaining channel 134 around lens frame 130 still allows for the drainage of water from apertures 62.
Lens 128 may be a simple glass and/or plastic material flat lens. Alternatively, lens 128 may be a specialized lens having the capability of refracting light above a horizon line in order to avoid a “cave effect” lighting scenario. The optics of lens 128 may be variably constructed in order to achieve a particular lighting pattern. In an embodiment, a variable construct of lens 128 may include a generally hemispherical portion 136 surrounded by a series of concentric rings 138 with substantially identical, sharply peaked, symmetrical cross sections 140. Concentric rings 138 are, in turn, surrounded by an outer concentric ring 142 with a substantially flat surface 144.
Although each feature of construction of lens 128 contributes to the light output over most output angles, each feature is used primarily to control the light output over a narrow range. For example, hemispherical portion 136 primarily contributes light output in a range from normal (zero degrees) to about forty degrees. Concentric rings 138 primarily contribute light output in a range from approximately forty degrees to approximately ninety degrees, and outer ring 142 with flat surface 144 primarily contributes light output in a range from approximately ninety degrees to one hundred and twenty degrees.
A magnitude of the effect of each type of construction of lens 128 can be controlled by the relative surface area taken up by that construction. An optimization process may be used to achieve the overall desired angular output. In an optimization process, for example, primary variables can be the relative areas of each type of construction (i.e., hemispherical portion 136, peaked concentric rings 138, and outer ring 142 with flat surface 144), and/or the apex (included) angle for series of sharply peaked rings 138. The construction of lens 128 can enable the refraction of light above a horizon line, i.e., greater than ninety degrees, in order to avoid a “cave effect” lighting scenario. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that lens 128 may have alternative construction configurations then that which was disclosed.
In operation, light sources 40 generate heat when illuminated. Heat generally travels from hot to cooler regions. By virtue of their placement in sockets 36 of heat dissipating structure 22, light sources 40 are sunk into a thermal mass, i.e. heat sink 66. Heat generated by light sources 40 travels by conduction through the starburst configuration of fins 70 (FIG. 5). Fins 70 convey the heat to the outer skin of projection regions 34, i.e., to first side 30 of heat dissipating structure 22. Thus, fins 70 can efficiently remove heat from a junction 146 between light sources 40 and heat sink 66 to first side 30 of heat dissipating structure 22. An additional contributor to lowering the temperature at junction 146 is ceiling panel 98 onto which light fixture 20 is mounted. Heat trapped between tins 70 and ceiling panel 98 may be absorbed by the thermally conductive skin or surface of ceiling panel 98, and is conducted into the cooled environment.
FIG. 12 shows a block diagram of a wiring configuration 148 for multiple surface mounted light fixtures 20. In some configurations, there may be a need for multiple light fixtures 20 in order to sufficiently light a refrigerated environment 150. In the illustrated wiring configuration 148, a separate power supply 152 is electrically connected with two light fixtures 20. Power supplies 152 are placed outside of and above refrigerated environment 150 in plenum space 100. Light fixtures 20 are electrically connected to power supplies 152 via wiring that is also located outside of and above refrigerated environment 150 in plenum space 100.
Thus, power supplies 152 are external to light fixtures 20 so that any heat produced by power supplies 152 does not compromise the lifespan of light sources 40 (FIG. 1). Additionally, power supplies 152 are external to refrigerated environment 150 so that any heat produced by power supplies 152 is not conducted through light fixture 20 and into refrigerated environment 150. Power supplies 152 may supply power to light sources 40, occupancy sensor(s) 46 (FIG. 1), photocell(s), and other devices that may be used in refrigerated environment 150. Power supplies 152 may be in communication with local or remote controls, and may operate by line voltage, low voltage, or a combination thereof. A backup power supply (not shown), such as a battery, may be used to operate light fixtures 20 where emergency illumination is required.
FIG. 13 shows a block diagram of another wiring configuration 154 for a system of surface mounted light fixtures 20. In the illustrated wiring configuration 154, a separate power supply 152 is electrically connected with two light fixtures 20. Like wiring configuration 148 (FIG. 12), power supplies 152 are placed outside of and above refrigerated environment 150 in plenum space 100 so that any heat produced by power supplies 152 does not adversely affect the lifespan of light sources 40 and/or so that any heat produced by power supplies 152 is not conducted into refrigerated environment 150. However, pairs of light fixtures 20 are electrically connected to one another in a serial arrangement via a wiring conduit 156. Thus, only one of light fixtures 20 from each pair of light fixtures 20 is directly connected to one of power supplies 152.
As discussed previously in connection with FIG. 2, in some embodiments, junction box 42 (FIG. 2) may include openings 47 (see FIGS. 2-3) extending through one or more of its side walls. These openings 47 can be utilized to direct wiring and moisture resistant conduit, referred to herein as wiring conduit 156, between junction boxes 42 of adjacent light fixtures 20. For example, one end of a wiring conduit 156 may be coupled at an opening 47 (shown in FIGS. 2-3) in junction box 42 of one of light fixtures 20, and an opposing end of wiring conduit 156 may be coupled at another opening 47 in another junction box 42 in an adjacent light fixtures 20. Any unused openings 47 in junction box 42 may be sealed using, for example, plugs (not shown) in order to maintain the moisture resistance of light fixtures 20. As such, electrical interconnection is provided between electronic assemblies (FIG. 1) of light fixtures 20 via wiring conduit 156 located inside of refrigerated environment 150. Although two wiring configurations 148 (FIG. 12) and 154 are shown, those skilled in the art will recognize that that a system of multiple light fixtures 20 sufficient to light refrigerated environment 150 can be coupled with an external power source in a multitude of configurations.
FIG. 14A shows a partial top view of a light source 40 module of the light emitting heat dissipating apparatus 22. For clarity, the figure shows the portion of the surface 78 covering removed, exposing the fins 70 and the outer frame 56. The light source emitting heat dissipating apparatus 22 module comprises a recessed lensed 26 opening having at least a first wall that terminates at a substantially perpendicular second wall. A light source 40 is coupled to the second wall surface. This second wall surface is the room facing side of the heat sink 66. The opposite side of the surface retaining the light source is the side of the heat sink 66 that faces the structure which the light emitting apparatus heat dissipating 22 is mechanically or electromechanically coupled to. At least one power consuming device aside from the light source 40 is coupled to the apparatus 22 interior surfaces and/or interior and exterior surfaces. Exterior mounted devices can be coupled to the apparatus 22 directly and/or having at least one elongated mechanical or electromechanical coupler. At least one adjacent exterior side of the walled enclosure has a plurality of heat dissipating fins 70, unitary form with the heat sink 66 extending outwardly, and at least one fin 70 coupled to the heat sink 66 extends beyond the light source 40 toward the illuminated room. The heat generated by the light source 40 travels by conduction laterally through the heat sink 66 to the at least one coupled fin 70, wherein air flowing through at least one aperture 62 disposed between at least two fins 70 removes heat by convection.
FIG. 14B shows a transverse section through the lighting module. The recessed lensed 26 opening is shown with a light source 40 coupled to a surface which is the room facing side of a heat sink 66. The opposite side of the light source 40 retaining heat sink 66 surface is the side of the heat sink 66 facing the structure to which the light emitting heat dissipating apparatus 22 is coupled. Adjacent to the exterior walls of the recessed enclosure, fins 70 unitarily formed with the heat sink 66 extend outwardly. The fins 70 originate below the heat sink 66 surface retaining the light source 40 and extend beyond the light source 40 toward the illuminated room. A surface 78 unitarily formed with the fins 70 partially covers the fins 70 facing the illuminated room, having aperture 62 openings enable free through air flow between the fins. Heat generated by at least one light source 40 is sunk into the heat sink 66 and then by conduction travels laterally toward the apparatus 22 outer frame 56 and then travels to the substantially perpendicularly to the heat sink 66 fins 70. Air flowing through the apertures 62 to between the fins 70 then removes the fins' heat by convection.
FIG. 15 is a side section view of a light emitting apparatus presented as a simplified diagram of previously disclosed structures. The light emitting apparatus has a first housing 215 which has a substantially inverted U-shaped cross-section defined by a second wall 210 and a first wall 205. A light source 40 is disposed in a socket 36 of the first housing 215 and includes a LED attached to the second wall 210. A unitary heat sink 66 has heat dissipating fins 70 integrally formed with an outer surface of the first housing 215. A lens assembly 26 with an optical lens is part of a cover that at least partially covers the open end of the first housing 215. There is at least one through opening 62 (sometimes called a through aperture) between the first wall 205 of the first housing 215 and a perimeter of the light emitting apparatus. A light source power supply 152 is disposed in a second housing 220 and provides electrical power to the light source 40 via a conductor 225 disposed in the mechanical extender 28, which spaces the first housing 215 from the second housing 220 by an extender extension distance 230. Edges of the fins 70 extend away from a floor 200, which is on a room side 201 direction of the light emitting apparatus. The fins 70 also extend outward and down toward the room so heat generated by the light source 40 is conducted through the heat sink 66 and the first housing wall to at the fins 70 and/or a region of the light emitting apparatus that is closer to a floor 200 than the light source 40.
In summary, embodiments entail a surface mounted light fixture and a heat dissipating structure for the light fixture. The heat dissipating structure includes projection regions surrounding a centrally located junction box. A socket is formed at an apex of each projection region, and each socket is configured to receive an LED light source. The junction box provides a housing for power and control to the multiple light sources and additional electrical components, such as an occupancy sensor. In addition, openings in the junction box allow for the provision power and control within an environment to other light fixtures in a system configuration. A heat sink is formed in an internal cavity of each projection region. The heat sink includes fins arranged in a starburst pattern around each of the sockets so as to form an X-brace configuration. The combination of the X-brace configuration of fins and the junction box yields a rigid, low profile light fixture, capable of uniform and efficient heat extraction and dissipation. Additionally, the X-brace configuration, junction box, inclusion of gaskets, and mounting methodology produces a tight and uniform seal to a ceiling panel, with a single hole extending through the ceiling panel, so as to largely prevent water entry into the light fixture. Furthermore, the isolated and protected power wire way system through an internal passage in the bolt and into the junction box, as well as the channels extending between the junction box and each socket, provides effective routing for electrical power from an external power source to the light sources and further protects critical electrical components from moisture. A rigid, moisture resistant, low profile stmcture capable of effectively conducting heat away from the LED light source yields improvements in lamp energy efficiency, enhanced lifespan for the LED light sources, and can be readily implemented in commercial venues, such as refrigerated coolers, clean rooms, hazardous environments, and so forth.
Although the preferred embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described in detail, it will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention or from the scope of the appended claims. For example, the design of light fixture may be scaled up or down to accommodate different light source outputs.

## Claims

1. A light emitting apparatus comprising:
a first housing having a substantially inverted U-shaped cross-section defined by a second wall and a first wall that extends from the second wall to an open end;
a light source disposed in the first housing and including a light emitting diode (LED), attached to the second wall;
a unitary heat sink having a plurality of heat dissipating fins, the unitary heat sink is integrally formed with an outer surface of the first housing and comprising a heat conducting material;
a cover having an optical lens that at least partially covers the open end of the first housing;
a through-fluid aperture between the first wall of the U-shaped cross-section of the first housing and a perimeter of the light emitting apparatus;
a light source power supply that provides power to the light source;
a second housing that includes the light source power supply therein and is physically spaced apart from the first housing by a mechanical extender that interconnects the first housing to the second housing; the second housing is, at least in part, located above the first housing with respect to a room illuminated by the light source; and
a conductor that extends from the light source power supply in the second housing to the light source in the first housing, wherein
the plurality of heat dissipating fins of the first housing extend away from the room and also extend above and below the light source,
the through-fluid aperture is located between two fins of the plurality of heat dissipating fins, the first wall and the outer perimeter of the first housing, and
the through-fluid aperture is sized to permit air from be ow the light source through the through-fluid aperture and between the two tins is dissipate heat generated from the light source by convection.

2. The light emitting apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a power consuming device other than the light source and the light source power supply is coupled to the light emitting apparatus and faces the room.

3. The light emitting apparatus of claim 2, wherein the power consuming device is detachably attached to the first housing and the optical lens of the light emitting apparatus and is oriented to direct light from the light source toward the room.

4. The light emitting apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the second wall of the first housing includes a bore through which the conductor is disposed so as to access the light source.

5. The light emitting apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the two fins of the plurality of heat dissipating fins are separated by a distance that permits air flow therebetween.

6. The light emitting apparatus of claim 5, wherein at least two of the plurality of heat dissipating fins are integrally coupled to an outer side of the first wall of the first housing.

7. The light emitting apparatus of claim 6, wherein the at least two of the plurality of heat dissipating fins extend radially outward from a central vertical axis of the light emitting apparatus.

8. The light emitting apparatus of claim 1, wherein a mounting orientation of the apparatus is universal.

9. The light emitting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second housing is disposed above the first housing.

10. The light emitting apparatus of claim 9, further comprising an elongated fastener having another conductor therethrough that conveys power and/or a signal to a power consuming device coupled to the light emitting apparatus.

11. The light emitting apparatus of claim 1, further comprising another LED attached to the second wall.

12. A light emitting apparatus comprising:
a housing having a recessed aperture opening defined by a second wall and a first wall that extends from the second wall to an open end;
a light source module disposed in the housing and including a light emitting diode (LED), the light source module abuts the second wall and has a lens that is positioned between the light source module and a room illuminated by the light emitting apparatus;
a unitary heat sink having a plurality of heat dissipating fins is integrally formed with the housing and comprising a heat conducting material, the plurality of the heat dissipating fins extend radially away from a central vertical axis of the light emitting apparatus, edges of the plurality of heat dissipating fins extend toward a ceiling and away from a room illuminated by the light source and also extend outward and down toward the room beyond a position of the light source such that heat generated by the light source module travels by conduction through the heat sink to a region of the room that is closer to a floor of the room than the light source module and dissipated by convection, a through-fluid opening is located between two fins of the plurality of heat dissipating fins, the outer first wall and the perimeter of the apparatus, and sized to permit air to flow therethrough;
and
an extension portion that extends above and spaced apart away from the housing, the extension portion having an enclosure that houses a light source power supply that provides power to the light source module.

13. The light emitting apparatus of claim 12, wherein the light source module comprising other LEDs.

14. The light emitting apparatus of claim 12, wherein power and/or data is conveyed to the light source module through another conductor that penetrates a bore in the unitary heat sink.

15. The light emitting apparatus of claim 12, further comprising:
an electronic device that is different than the light source and is detachably attached to the light emitting apparatus.

16. The light emitting apparatus of claim 12, wherein the extension portion is coupled to a mounting structure on an opposite side of the housing than the room that is below.

17. The light emitting apparatus of claim 12, wherein a mounting orientation of the apparatus is universal.

18. The light emitting apparatus of claim 12, further comprising:
the light source power supply; and
another light source module having another LED, wherein the another light source module also abuts the second wall.

19. The light emitting apparatus of claim 12, wherein
a spacing between the two fins of the plurality of heat dissipating fins is sized to permit air flow therebetween.

20. The light emitting apparatus of claim 12, wherein the lens is an optical lens that is oriented to direct light from the LED toward a floor of the room.