RECORD IMPOUNDED

SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY

APPELLATE DIVISION

DOCKET NO. A-5362-16T1

STATE OF NEW JERSEY,

Plaintiff-Respondent,

v.

E.F.,

Defendant-Appellant.

_____________________________

Submitted April 29, 2019 – Decided May 9, 2019

Before Judges Haas and Susswein.

On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey, Law 

Division, Somerset County, Indictment No. 09-10-0709.

Joseph E. Krakora, Public Defender, attorney for 

appellant (Steven M. Gilson, Designated Counsel, on the 

brief).

Michael H. Robertson, Somerset County Prosecutor, 

attorney for respondent (Lauren E. Bland, Assistant 

Prosecutor, of counsel and on the brief).

PER CURIAM

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE

APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION

This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the 

internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
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Defendant E.F. appeals from the May 26, 2017 Law Division order denying 

his petition for post-conviction relief (PCR) without an evidentiary hearing. We 

affirm.

After a jury trial on a two-count indictment, defendant was convicted of firstdegree aggravated sexual assault, N.J.S.A. 2C:14-2(a)(2) (count one), and seconddegree endangering the welfare of a child, N.J.S.A. 2C:24-4(a) (count two). The 

trial court sentenced defendant to sixteen years in prison on count one, subject to 

an 85% period of parole ineligibility pursuant to the No Early Release Act 

(NERA), N.J.S.A. 2C:43-7.2, and to a concurrent seven-year term on count two, 

which was also subject to NERA. The judge ordered defendant to pay $8120 in 

restitution to the Victims of Crime Compensation Fund (the Fund) for the monies 

it spent on counseling services for the victim, and advised him he was subject to 

Megan's Law registration and reporting requirements, and parole supervision for 

life. 

Defendant appealed his conviction and sentence. We affirmed, and our 

Supreme Court denied certification. State v. E.F., No. A-4015-12 (App. Div. Jan. 

13, 2015), certif. denied, 221 N.J. 566 (2015).

Defendant then filed his petition for PCR, contending that his trial counsel 

rendered ineffective assistance due to the attorney's "pervasive lack of preparation 
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and investigation." In support of this bald assertion, defendant alleged that the 

attorney only met with him on three occasions prior to the trial, once "at a status 

conference just before the trial date[,]" a second time "at the first trial call" a week 

before the trial, and "on the Friday before trial." As a result, defendant argued that 

the attorney had "no time to interview witnesses or gather documentary evidence 

that [he] felt was important." 

Among other things, defendant complained that the attorney did not arrange 

for an "evaluation" of the child victim to "refute" her claim that defendant "plied 

[her] with alcohol or drugs over an extended period to seduce her." He also 

asserted that the attorney did not submit a photograph of a distinguishing scar on 

his leg at trial that the child stated she had not seen as a means of challenging her 

credibility. Defendant also complained that his attorney did not request a 

restitution hearing at the time of sentencing.

In a thorough forty-one-page written decision, Judge Bradford M. Bury 

considered these contentions and denied defendant's petition. The judge concluded 

that defendant failed to satisfy the two-prong test of Strickland v. Washington, 466 

U.S. 668, 687 (1984), which requires a showing that trial counsel's performance 

was deficient and that, but for the deficient performance, the result would have 

been different.
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In so ruling, the judge conducted a meticulous review of the entire trial 

transcript. Contrary to defendant's assertion that his attorney was unprepared to 

proceed at trial, Judge Bury found that the attorney had a wealth of trial experience,

and had been representing defendant for four months prior to the trial, after 

replacing his prior counsel.1 Pointing to numerous examples in the record where 

the attorney took effective, strategic measures to represent defendant, Judge Bury 

further found that the attorney

zealously and effectively cross-examined the State's 

witnesses and made appropriate evidentiary objections in 

advancing the cause of his client throughout the trial, in 

addition to presenting affirmative defense proofs, as 

requested by the defendant following his knowing, 

intelligent, and voluntary decision to testify. [The 

attorney's] defense was vigorous and beyond competent. 

Unfortunately for the defendant, the direct and 

circumstantial evidence, including his own confession, 

was substantial.

Under these circumstances, the judge concluded that defendant failed to show "that 

further consultation time with trial counsel . . . would have yielded a more 

favorable result in this case."

Judge Bury next found that defendant's claims that his attorney failed to 

adequately investigate his case or present additional evidence were unsupported, 

 

1

 Thus, the judge rejected defendant's contention that the attorney "was assigned 

to the case one month before the trial[.]"
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bald assertions that were insufficient to establish that he received ineffective 

assistance. Although defendant argued that the attorney should have sought to 

have the child victim "evaluated" prior to the trial in 2012 concerning the alcohol 

he allegedly gave her in 2008, he failed to "specify the type of evaluation which 

should have been requested in 2012, what such an evaluation would reveal as to 

events in 2008, or how the lack of such evaluation worked to prejudice his case."

Similarly, the judge found that contrary to defendant's unsupported claim, 

his attorney did cross-examine the victim about whether she remembered 

defendant having any scars, which resulted in her statement that she could only 

remember that defendant had scars on his hands. The attorney was then able to 

"elicit[] testimony from [d]efendant regarding the mark on the inner thigh of his 

right leg[,]" that the child could not recall having seen, and he addressed this point 

again in his summation. 

Defendant also complained that his attorney was ineffective because he did 

not address an "eight to ten-minute" gap in the transcript of defendant's statement 

to the police; "retrieve" defendant's cellphone, which might have contained 

"exculpatory emails, photographs, and records"; or introduce the child's diary into 

evidence. In rejecting these arguments, Judge Bury stated:

With regard to defendant's allegation that the 

omitted portion of the audio recorded statement 
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prejudiced him, . . . defendant offers no details as to what 

was included in this missing portion of his recorded 

statement, and also offers no explanation as to how he was 

prejudiced thereby.

With regard to the alleged failure of counsel to 

retrieve his cell phone, . . . defendant does not offer any 

specific details as to what "exculpatory evidence" 

allegedly existed as to his ex-wife and victim's motive to 

lie, and their manipulation of . . . defendant for green 

cards. Defendant ignores, however, [his attorney's] 

skillful cross-examination of both . . . defendant's ex-wife 

and victim as to their motives to lie. . . .

Defendant's allegation that trial counsel was 

ineffective for failing to introduce the victim's diary at 

trial is without merit, as his conduct can be attributed to a 

strategic decision. The diary apparently described 

multiple acts of sexual assaults by . . . defendant upon the 

victim. Therefore, admission of the diary would likely 

have had a prejudicial effect upon . . . defendant's case.

Judge Bury also rejected defendant's claim that he was entitled to PCR relief 

because the sentencing judge did not conduct a restitution hearing. The judge 

noted that defendant did not raise any claim in advance of the sentencing that he 

disputed the Fund's bills, or was unable to pay restitution. As the judge also 

discussed with the parties at oral argument, defendant could not show any 

prejudice due to the lack of a restitution hearing because defendant did not contest 

that once he was released at the conclusion of his sentence, he would be able to 
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arrange a workable payment plan to meet this obligation while on parole 

supervision for life.

The judge also found that an evidentiary hearing was not necessary because 

defendant failed to prove a prima facie case of ineffective assistance. This appeal 

followed.

On appeal, defendant raises the following contentions:

POINT I

THIS MATTER MUST BE REMANDED FOR AN 

EVIDENTIARY HEARING BECAUSE DEFENDANT 

ESTABLISHED A PRIMA FACIE CASE OF TRIAL 

COUNSEL'S INEFFECTIVENESS FOR A PERVASIVE 

LACK OF PREPARATION AND INVESTIGATION.

POINT II

TRIAL AND APPELLATE COUNSEL WERE 

INEFFECTIVE FOR NOT PURSUING A 

RESTITUTION HEARING; THEREFORE, THE 

RESTITUTION ORDER MUST BE VACATED OR, IN 

THE ALTERNATIVE, THIS MATTER MUST BE 

REMANDED FOR AN EVIDENTIARY HEARING 

BECAUSE DEFENDANT ESTABLISHED A PRIMA 

FACIE CASE OF COUNSELS' INEFFECTIVENESS.

When petitioning for PCR, the defendant must establish, by a preponderance 

of the credible evidence, that he or she is entitled to the requested relief. State v. 

Nash, 212 N.J. 518, 541 (2013); State v. Preciose, 129 N.J. 451, 459 (1992). To 

sustain that burden, the defendant must allege and articulate specific facts that 
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"provide the court with an adequate basis on which to rest its decision." State v. 

Mitchell, 126 N.J. 565, 579 (1992).

The mere raising of a claim for PCR does not entitle the defendant to an 

evidentiary hearing and the defendant "must do more than make bald assertions 

that he [or she] was denied the effective assistance of counsel." State v. 

Cummings, 321 N.J. Super. 154, 170 (App. Div. 1999). Rather, trial courts should 

grant evidentiary hearings and make a determination on the merits only if the 

defendant has presented a prima facie claim of ineffective assistance. Preciose, 

129 N.J. at 462. 

To establish a prima facie claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, the 

defendant is obliged to show not only the particular manner in which counsel's 

performance was deficient, but also that the deficiency prejudiced his or her right 

to a fair trial. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687; State v. Fritz, 105 N.J. 42, 52 (1987). 

Under the first prong of the test, the defendant must demonstrate that "counsel 

made errors so serious that counsel was not functioning as the 'counsel' guaranteed 

the defendant by the Sixth Amendment." Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687. Under the 

second prong, the defendant must show "that counsel's errors were so serious as to 

deprive the defendant of a fair trial, a trial whose result is reliable." Ibid. That is, 
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"there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's unprofessional errors, the 

result of the proceeding would have been different." Id. at 694. 

There is a strong presumption that counsel "rendered adequate assistance 

and made all significant decisions in the exercise of reasonable professional 

judgment." Strickland, 466 U.S. at 690. Further, because prejudice is not 

presumed, Fritz, 105 N.J. at 52, the defendant must demonstrate with "reasonable 

probability" that the result would have been different had he or she received proper 

advice from his or her trial attorney. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689.

We have considered defendant's contentions on appeal in light of the record 

and applicable legal principles and conclude that they are without sufficient merit 

to warrant discussion in a written opinion. R. 2:11-3(e)(2). We affirm 

substantially for the reasons expressed by Judge Bury in his comprehensive written 

opinion, and add the following comments.

It is well established that a claim of ineffective assistance must rest on more 

than "bald assertions." State v. Jones, 219 N.J. 298, 311-12 (2014) (internal 

quotation marks omitted) (quoting State v. Porter, 216 N.J. 343, 355 (2013)). 

Where, as here, a defendant claims his or her attorney failed to investigate the case, 

the defendant must state the facts that an investigation would have reveal ed, 
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supported by affidavits or certifications. Porter, 216 N.J. at 353 (citing Cummings, 

321 N.J. Super. at 170). 

Applying these principles, Judge Bury properly rejected defendant's 

contention in Point I that his attorney did not adequately prepare for trial or 

investigate his contentions. The judge correctly noted that defendant failed to 

present any concrete evidence in support of his naked claims and, in his thoughtful 

opinion, the judge cited numerous examples of the attorney taking steps to advance 

defendant's defense, including addressing the specific concerns defendant now 

asserts were ignored at trial. The record also fully supports the judge's conclusion 

that the attorney's performance never fell below a standard of reasonableness, or 

that any of counsel's purported failures led to a prejudicial result. Therefore, Judge 

Bury correctly determined that defendant did not meet either prong of the 

Strickland test.

Turning to defendant's contentions in Point II, we agree with Judge Bury that 

the sentencing judge's failure to conduct a restitution hearing did not warrant postconviction relief under the circumstances of this case. It is well established that 

before ordering restitution pursuant to N.J.S.A. 2C:44-2(b)(2), the sentencing 

court must first determine that the defendant has a present or future ability to pay 

restitution. State v. Newman, 132 N.J. 159, 169 (1993). If there is a good faith 
11 A-5362-16T1

dispute over the amount of loss or the defendant's ability to pay, the court is 

required to conduct a restitution hearing in order to resolve those issues. N.J.S.A. 

2C:44-2(c); State v. Jamiolkoski, 272 N.J. Super. 326, 329 (App. Div. 1994). On 

the other hand, where there is no controversy as to the amount and ability to pay, 

a hearing is not required. State v. Orji, 277 N.J. Super. 582, 589-90 (App. Div. 

1994).

In his petition, defendant never claimed that he disagreed with the amount 

of the bills the Fund submitted for the cost of the victim's counseling services. 2 He 

also never advised his trial attorney that he might not be able to afford to pay 

restitution at the time of sentencing or when he was released from prison on parole 

supervision for life at the conclusion of his lengthy sentence. Absent any timely 

allegation by defendant that he disagreed with either the bills or his ability to pay 

restitution at sentencing or upon release, there was simply no basis for his trial 

attorney to seek an ability to pay hearing. Ibid. Therefore, his attorney was not 

ineffective by failing to request one. 

Likewise, defendant did not allege that he advised his appellate attorney that 

he believed the bills were incorrect or that he would never be able to pay them. 

 

2

 The Fund provided these bills in advance of the sentencing, and they were 

included in the presentence report, which defendant's attorney reviewed with 

defendant prior to the sentencing. 
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An appellate counsel is not ineffective for failing to raise every issue imaginable. 

State v. Gaither, 396 N.J. Super. 508, 515 (App. Div. 2007). Instead, appellate 

counsel is afforded the discretion to construct and present what he or she deems 

are the most effective arguments in support of their client's position. Ibid. 

Therefore, that attorney's decision not to raise this argument on direct appeal was 

within his professional discretion under prong one of the Strickland test.

In addition, even if a hearing should have been held, defendant failed to 

establish prejudice under the second Strickland prong. As Judge Bury pointed out 

at oral argument, defendant still did not challenge the amount of the Fund's bills, 

or present any reason why he would not be able to establish a reasonable 

installment payment plan based upon his future earnings at the time of his release 

on parole supervision for life. Therefore, we reject defendant's contention on this 

point. 

Finally, because defendant failed to establish a prima facie case of 

ineffective assistance of counsel, the judge was not required to conduct an 

evidentiary hearing on defendant's PCR application. Preciose, 129 N.J. 462.

Affirmed.