UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD

RAFIQ Y. JAWAD,

Appellant,

v.

OFFICE OF PERSONNEL 

MANAGEMENT,

Agency.

DOCKET NUMBER

PH-0845-21-0072-I-1

DATE: December 5, 2023

THIS FINAL ORDER IS NONPRECEDENTIAL1

Lynette A. Whitfield, Esquire, Rockville, Maryland, for the appellant.

Karla W. Yeakle, Esquire, Washington, D.C., for the agency.

BEFORE

Cathy A. Harris, Vice Chairman

Raymond A. Limon, Member

FINAL ORDER

¶1 The appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, which

dismissed his appeal of a reconsideration decision issued by the Office of

Personnel Management (OPM) as untimely filed without good cause shown. On

petition for review, the appellant reiterates his arguments from below that he

established good cause for his untimely filing and also argues, for the first time,

1

 A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add

significantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders,

but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not

required to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contrast, a

precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board

as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c).
that OPM did not inform him of his Board appeal rights. Petition for Review

(PFR) File, Tab 2 at 6-12. Generally, we grant petitions such as this one only in

the following circumstances: the initial decision contains erroneous findings of

material fact; the initial decision is based on an erroneous interpretation of statute

or regulation or the erroneous application of the law to the facts of the case; the

administrative judge’s rulings during either the course of the appeal or the initial

decision were not consistent with required procedures or involved an abuse of

discretion, and the resulting error affected the outcome of the case; or new and

material evidence or legal argument is available that, despite the petitioner’s due

diligence, was not available when the record closed. Title 5 of the Code of

Federal Regulations, section 1201.115 (5 C.F.R. § 1201.115). After fully

considering the filings in this appeal, we conclude that the petitioner has not

established any basis under section 1201.115 for granting the petition for review.

Therefore, we DENY the petition for review and AFFIRM the initial decision,

which is now the Board’s final decision. 5 C.F.R. § 1201.113(b). 

¶2 The administrative judge correctly found that the appellant’s appeal of

OPM’s reconsideration decision was untimely filed by 108 days. Initial Appeal

File (IAF), Tab 8, Initial Decision (ID) at 3-4. She also found that the appellant’s

arguments that he relied on prior counsel’s advice to email his appeal to the

regional office within the filing period and that he had two relatives contract

COVID-19, which prevented him from following up on his email attempt to file

his appeal, failed to show that he timely filed his appeal or that good cause

existed for the untimely filing. ID at 4-5. The appellant renews these arguments

on review, PFR File, Tab 2 at 8, 10-12, but, as explained below, we agree with the

administrative judge’s conclusion. 2

2

 The appellant asks on review that, if the Board agrees with the administrative judge

that his appeal was untimely filed without good cause shown, which, as explained here,

we do, we exercise our authority under 5 C.F.R. § 1201.118 to reopen his appeal. PFR

File, Tab 2 at 12-13. That regulation provides that “the Board may at any time reopen

any appeal in which it has issued a final order or in which an initial decision has

become the Board’s final decision by operation of law.” See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.118. The

2
¶3 Regarding the appellant’s reliance on advice of counsel to email his appeal,

the Board’s regulations explain that it will not accept pleadings by email and set

forth acceptable methods of filing to include commercial or personal delivery,

facsimile, mail, or electronic filing with the Board’s e-Appeal system. See

5 C.F.R. §§ 1201.14 (d), 1201.22(d). It is well settled that an appellant is

responsible for the errors of a chosen representative. See Sofio v. Internal

Revenue Service, 7 M.S.P.R. 667, 670 (1981). As such, the appellant’s reliance

on his counsel’s advice to file his appeal by email does not constitute good cause

for an untimely filing. See Hairston v. Department of Defense, 119 M.S.P.R. 162,

¶ 18 (2013) (explaining that a representative’s mistaken belief regarding the

applicable law and Board procedures provided no basis for waiving a filing

deadline), modified on other grounds by Buelna v. Department of Homeland

Security, 121 M.S.P.R. 262, ¶ 18 n.7 (2014). Additionally, the Office of the

Clerk of the Board responded to the appellant’s emailed submission only a few

days later, explaining that the Board does not accept submissions by email and

explaining the appropriate filing methods. PFR File, Tab 2 at 20. Nonetheless,

the appellant did not file his appeal until nearly 4 months later. 

¶4 Regarding the appellant’s claim that two of his relatives contracted

COVID-19 and that his care of those relatives prevented him from checking his

email to learn that the Board had attempted to inform him that email was not an

acceptable method of filing, 3 we agree with the administrative judge’s conclusion

application of this regulation to the instant appeal is unclear because at the time the

appellant filed his petition for review, there was no final decision in this matter that the

Board could reopen. Rather, the Board’s final decision on the matter is the instant

decision issued here. Thus, 5 C.F.R. § 1201.118 would not be an operative remedy for

the appellant, and his reliance on it for relief is misplaced. In any event, the Board

generally does not reopen cases to cure an untimely filing. See Nohr v. U.S. Postal

Service, 112 M.S.P.R. 220, ¶ 10 (2009).

3

 The appellant explains in his petition for review that he sent the August 28, 2020

email attempting to effectuate an appeal with the assistance of a friend because she had

a computer and that the Board’s subsequent response email was sent to her email

address. PFR File, Tab 2 at 6. We make no distinction, however, because the appellant

should have known to check the email account from which he attempted to file his

3
that the existence of ill relatives, without more, is insufficient to establish

circumstances beyond the appellant’s control that affected his ability to comply

with the time limits. ID at 5. The appellant’s argument on review that he was

required to travel to South Carolina to care for those relatives still does not show

that he was faced with circumstances beyond his control that prevented him from

filing a timely appeal. PFR File, Tab 2 at 8. 

¶5 The appellant argues on review, for the first time, that OPM did not inform

him of his right to appeal to the Board, and he submits what he asserts is a full

copy of the reconsideration decision, which does not appear to include Board

appeal rights. PFR File, Tab 2 at 11, 16-18. The Board generally will not

consider an argument raised for the first time on review absent a showing of new

and material evidence not previously available despite due diligence, see Clay v.

Department of the Army, 123 M.S.P.R. 245, ¶ 6 (2016), nor will it consider

evidence submitted for the first time with a petition for review absent a showing

that it was unavailable before the record closed before the administrative judge

despite the party’s due diligence, see Avansino v. U.S. Postal Service, 3 M.S.P.R.

211, 213-14 (1980). The appellant has not made either showing. Nonetheless,

because of the gravity of this allegation, we have considered both the argument

and evidence here. 

¶6 Although the appellant appears to be correct that OPM failed to inform him

of his appeal rights, and OPM has not shown otherwise, the Board has held that, if

an agency fails to advise an employee of appeal rights when it should have done

so, the appellant is not required to show that he exercised due diligence in

attempting to discover his appeal rights; rather, he must show that he was diligent

in filing an appeal after learning he could do so. See Brown v. U.S. Postal

Service, 115 M.S.P.R. 609, ¶ 5 (2011), aff’d, 469 F. App’x 852 (Fed. Cir. 2011).

By the appellant’s own admission, he consulted with an attorney almost

immediately after OPM issued its reconsideration decision, who advised him of

appeal for any updates from the Board. 

4
his appeal rights and instructed him to file an appeal by email, which he did on

August 28, 2020. PFR File, Tab 2 at 6, 20. As such, even if OPM failed to

provide the appellant with appeal rights, it was not that failure that led to the

untimely filing. Rather, the appellant appears to have learned of his appeal rights

within the 30-day filing period but admits that he relied on advice of prior

counsel to file appeal documents via email, id. at 10-11, despite the Board’s

regulations, which, as set forth above, explicitly prohibit emailed pleadings and

provide for acceptable methods of filing, see 5 C.F.R. §§ 1201.14(d), 1201.22(d).

Also, the Board promptly responded to the appellant’s attempt to file by email,

informing him of the proper ways to file an appeal. PFR File, Tab 2 at 20. We

reiterate that an appellant is responsible for the errors of his chosen

representative. Hairston, 119 M.S.P.R. 162, ¶ 18; see also Sofio, 7 M.S.P.R.

at 670. Accordingly, the appellant’s argument does not provide a basis to disturb

the initial decision.4 

4

 In addition to OPM’s reconsideration decision and the email correspondence with the

Board from August 2020, the appellant also submits with his petition for review a

financial resources questionnaire and a decision from the Social Security

Administration (SSA) regarding an overpayment of disability insurance benefits. PFR

File, Tab 2 at 24-29. As set forth above, the Board generally will not consider evidence

submitted for the first time with a petition for review absent a showing that it was

unavailable before the record closed before the administrative judge despite the party’s

due diligence. See Avansino, 3 M.S.P.R. at 213-14. Here, the financial resources

questionnaire appears undated, and the SSA decision is dated January 30, 2018. The

appellant’s instant appeal was filed on December 14, 2020. IAF, Tab 1. Thus, at least

one of the documents was available before the record closed before the administrative

judge, and the appellant has not explained why he was unable to submit it below.

Regardless, the documents appear to relate to the underlying OPM reconsideration

decision, and the appellant has not explained how these documents are relevant to the

question of timeliness, nor has he otherwise shown that they of sufficient weight to

warrant an outcome different than that of the initial decision, and thus, they do not

provide a basis to grant the petition for review. See Russo v. Veterans Administration,

3 M.S.P.R. 345, 349 (1980) (stating that the Board generally will not grant a petition for

review based on new evidence absent a showing that it is of sufficient weight to warrant

an outcome different from that of the initial decision).

5
NOTICE OF APPEAL RIGHTS5

You may obtain review of this final decision. 5 U.S.C. § 7703(a)(1). By

statute, the nature of your claims determines the time limit for seeking such

review and the appropriate forum with which to file. 5 U.S.C. § 7703(b).

Although we offer the following summary of available appeal rights, the Merit

Systems Protection Board does not provide legal advice on which option is most

appropriate for your situation and the rights described below do not represent a

statement of how courts will rule regarding which cases fall within their

jurisdiction. If you wish to seek review of this final decision, you should

immediately review the law applicable to your claims and carefully follow all

filing time limits and requirements. Failure to file within the applicable time

limit may result in the dismissal of your case by your chosen forum.

Please read carefully each of the three main possible choices of review

below to decide which one applies to your particular case. If you have questions

about whether a particular forum is the appropriate one to review your case, you

should contact that forum for more information. 

(1) Judicial review in general. As a general rule, an appellant seeking

judicial review of a final Board order must file a petition for review with the U.S.

Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which must be received by the court

within 60 calendar days of the date of issuance of this decision. 5 U.S.C.

§ 7703(b)(1)(A). 

If you submit a petition for review to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the

Federal Circuit, you must submit your petition to the court at the

following address: 

5

 Since the issuance of the initial decision in this matter, the Board may have updated

the notice of review rights included in final decisions. As indicated in the notice, the

Board cannot advise which option is most appropriate in any matter.

6
U.S. Court of Appeals 

for the Federal Circuit 

717 Madison Place, N.W. 

Washington, D.C. 20439 

Additional information about the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal

Circuit is available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of particular

relevance is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is

contained within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, 10, and 11. 

If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to

the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website at

http://www.mspb.gov/probono for information regarding pro bono representation

for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal Circuit. The

Board neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor warrants that

any attorney will accept representation in a given case. 

(2) Judicial or EEOC review of cases involving a claim of

discrimination. This option applies to you only if you have claimed that you

were affected by an action that is appealable to the Board and that such action

was based, in whole or in part, on unlawful discrimination. If so, you may obtain

judicial review of this decision—including a disposition of your discrimination

claims—by filing a civil action with an appropriate U.S. district court (not the

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit), within 30 calendar days after you

receive this decision. 5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(2); see Perry v. Merit Systems

Protection Board, 582 U.S. 420 (2017). If you have a representative in this case,

and your representative receives this decision before you do, then you must file

with the district court no later than 30 calendar days after your representative

receives this decision. If the action involves a claim of discrimination based on

race, color, religion, sex, national origin, or a disabling condition, you may be

entitled to representation by a court-appointed lawyer and to waiver of any

7
requirement of prepayment of fees, costs, or other security. See 42 U.S.C.

§ 2000e-5(f) and 29 U.S.C. § 794a. 

Contact information for U.S. district courts can be found at their respective

websites, which can be accessed through the link below: 

http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx. 

Alternatively, you may request review by the Equal Employment

Opportunity Commission (EEOC) of your discrimination claims only, excluding

all other issues. 5 U.S.C. § 7702(b)(1). You must file any such request with the

EEOC’s Office of Federal Operations within 30 calendar days after you receive

this decision. 5 U.S.C. § 7702(b)(1). If you have a representative in this case,

and your representative receives this decision before you do, then you must file

with the EEOC no later than 30 calendar days after your representative receives

this decision. 

If you submit a request for review to the EEOC by regular U.S. mail, the

address of the EEOC is: 

Office of Federal Operations 

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 

P.O. Box 77960 

Washington, D.C. 20013 

If you submit a request for review to the EEOC via commercial delivery or

by a method requiring a signature, it must be addressed to: 

Office of Federal Operations 

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 

131 M Street, N.E. 

Suite 5SW12G 

Washington, D.C. 20507 

(3) Judicial review pursuant to the Whistleblower Protection

Enhancement Act of 2012. This option applies to you only if you have raised

claims of reprisal for whistleblowing disclosures under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8) or

other protected activities listed in 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D).

If so, and your judicial petition for review “raises no challenge to the Board’s

8
disposition of allegations of a prohibited personnel practice described in section

2302(b) other than practices described in section 2302(b)(8), or 2302(b)(9)(A)(i),

(B), (C), or (D),” then you may file a petition for judicial review either with the

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit or any court of appeals of

competent jurisdiction.6 The court of appeals must receive your petition for

review within 60 days of the date of issuance of this decision. 5 U.S.C.

§ 7703(b)(1)(B). 

If you submit a petition for judicial review to the U.S. Court of Appeals for

the Federal Circuit, you must submit your petition to the court at the

following address: 

U.S. Court of Appeals 

for the Federal Circuit 

717 Madison Place, N.W. 

Washington, D.C. 20439 

Additional information about the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal

Circuit is available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of particular

relevance is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is

contained within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, 10, and 11. 

If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to

the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website at

http://www.mspb.gov/probono for information regarding pro bono representation

for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal Circuit. The

Board neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor warrants that

any attorney will accept representation in a given case. 

6

 The original statutory provision that provided for judicial review of certain

whistleblower claims by any court of appeals of competent jurisdiction expired on

December 27, 2017. The All Circuit Review Act, signed into law by the President on

July 7, 2018, permanently allows appellants to file petitions for judicial review of

MSPB decisions in certain whistleblower reprisal cases with the U.S. Court of Appeals

for the Federal Circuit or any other circuit court of appeals of competent jurisdiction.

The All Circuit Review Act is retroactive to November 26, 2017. Pub. L. No. 115-195,

132 Stat. 1510. 

9
Contact information for the courts of appeals can be found at their

respective websites, which can be accessed through the link below: 

http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx. 

 

 

FOR THE BOARD: ______________________________

Jennifer Everling

Acting Clerk of the Board

Washington, D.C.

10