2011 Decisions

Opinions of the United

States Court of Appeals

for the Third Circuit

7-12-2011

George Blood v. B. Bledsoe

Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 11-1206

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1

NOT PRECEDENTIAL

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

___________

No. 11-1206

___________

GEORGE WILLIAM BLOOD,

Appellant

v.

WARDEN B. A. BLEDSOE

____________________________________

On Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Middle District of Pennsylvania

(D.C. Civil Action No. 10-cv-00141)

District Judge: Honorable Richard P. Conaboy

____________________________________

Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)

July 11, 2011

Before: RENDELL, FUENTES and SMITH, Circuit Judges

(Opinion filed: July 12, 2011)

___________

OPINION

___________

PER CURIAM

George William Blood, a prisoner incarcerated at the Federal Prison Camp in 

Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, appeals pro se from the District Court‟s denial of his habeas 

petition. Blood contends that the federal Bureau of Prisons (“BOP”) miscalculated the 

aggregate term for his two federal sentences and failed to award him credit due under 18 
2

U.S.C. § 3585(b). For the following reasons, we will affirm.

I.

On February 9, 2004, Blood reported to the Federal Prison Camp in Lewisburg to 

serve a 60-month term of imprisonment imposed by the Middle District of Tennessee on 

two convictions for possession of forged securities. While serving that sentence, he was 

charged and convicted of unrelated offenses in the District of Delaware. Before the 

Delaware court could sentence Blood, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth 

Circuit vacated his Tennessee sentence in light of United States v. Booker, 543 U.S. 220 

(2005). See United States v. Blood, 435 F.3d 612, 616 (6th Cir. 2006).

At a March 13, 2006 sentencing hearing on the Delaware convictions, the 

Delaware court stated:

I recognize that by circumstances that are entirely fortuitous . . . not in my 

control, your sentence in the Middle District of Tennessee has been vacated 

and that case has been remanded for resentencing. So the time you served 

to date will be credited to this conviction, so whatever I give you, you have 

already served a couple years on and it will be to up to a judge [in 

Tennessee] to decide whether or not the sentence you receive for [your 

Tennessee convictions] is to be consecutive to the sentence that I give or 

concurrent with it.

(Habeas Pet. Ex. G-3.) The Delaware court then imposed a sentence of 78 months of 

imprisonment. On August 14, 2006, the Tennessee court resentenced Blood to 51 months 

of imprisonment to be served concurrently with his Delaware sentence.

After his Tennessee sentence was imposed, the BOP calculated Blood‟s total term 

of incarceration. It considered the Tennessee sentence to have commenced on February 

9, 2004 – the date Blood began serving on the original, vacated Tennessee sentence – and 
3

the Delaware sentence to have commenced on the day it was imposed, March 13, 2006. 

The BOP then aggregated the two sentences such that only about half of the Tennessee 

sentence overlapped with the Delaware sentence, resulting in a combined total term of 

103 months and 4 days. In other words, the BOP considered the 25 months and 4 days 

that Blood served prior to the imposition of the Delaware sentence to count solely toward 

the Tennessee sentence. After crediting him for seven days spent in custody after his 

initial Tennessee arrest, the BOP calculated Blood‟s full term date to be September 5, 

2012. His projected release date with good time credit is July 29, 2011. 

After exhausting his administrative remedies, Blood filed a habeas petition in the 

District Court, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241. He argued that the BOP failed to credit the 

25 months and 11 days he served pursuant to his vacated Tennessee sentence (the 

“disputed time”)1toward his Delaware sentence. According to Blood, if the BOP had 

calculated his sentence correctly, he would have been released well over a year ago after 

accounting for good time credit. The case was referred to a Magistrate Judge who 

recommended denying the petition. Blood objected to the Magistrate Judge‟s Report and 

Recommendation (R&R), but the District Court overruled his objections and denied the

petition. 

Blood timely appealed.2 We ordered expedited briefing in light of his impending 

 

1

That time is comprised of the seven days Blood spent in custody after his arrest plus the 

time he spent incarcerated between February 9, 2004, when he reported for service of the 

Tennessee sentence, and March 13, 2006, when he was sentenced on the Delaware 

convictions.

2 After the Magistrate Judge issued the R&R, Blood filed a petition for a writ of 

mandamus in this Court, requesting immediate release. We concluded that mandamus 
4

release. Specifically, we asked the parties to address the possibility that the BOP‟s 

sentencing manual was internally inconsistent, as discussed further below.

II.

The District Court had jurisdiction over Blood‟s habeas petition pursuant to 28 

U.S.C. § 2241. See Woodall v. Fed. Bureau of Prisons, 432 F.3d 235, 242 (3d Cir. 2005). 

We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review the District Court‟s denial of 

Blood‟s habeas petition de novo. See Vega v. United States, 493 F.3d 310, 314 (3d Cir. 

2007). 

Blood contends that the BOP disregarded the Delaware court‟s intention to credit 

the disputed time toward his Delaware sentence. We, however, agree with the District 

Court that the Delaware court‟s statement, “the time you [Blood] served to date will be 

credited to this conviction,” when read in context, merely reflects the Delaware court‟s 

prediction that the BOP would credit the disputed time toward the Delaware sentence 

under 18 U.S.C. § 3585(b). See Ruggiano v. Reish, 307 F.3d 121, 134 (3d Cir. 2002) 

(“In interpreting the oral statement [of a sentencing judge], we have recognized that the 

context in which this statement is made is essential.”), superseded on other grounds by, 

 

relief was inappropriate but noted that we might consider a renewed petition if the 

District Court failed to timely rule on Blood‟s objections to the R&R. Once the District 

Court ruled on his objections, Blood filed a “renewal petition” with this Court, which the 

Clerk forwarded to the District Court to be docketed as a notice of appeal. Blood 

thereafter submitted a letter, which we will construe as a motion that we take judicial 

notice of the submissions he filed in connection with his prior petition, and a letter 

motion objecting to any recharacterization of his “renewal” as a notice of appeal. We 

will deny those motions. Blood‟s “renewal petition” is most appropriately treated as a 

notice of appeal because it seeks review of the District Court‟s judgment. And since his 

prior submissions duplicate the record submitted in connection with the instant appeal, 

there is no need for us to take judicial notice of them.
5

U.S.S.G. § 5G1.3(c) app. Note 3(E) (2003). Indeed, the Delaware court explained that 

any such credit resulted from “circumstances that are entirely fortuitous, . . . not in [the 

court‟s] control,” namely, the Sixth Circuit remand. Then, the Delaware court 

transitioned from the topic of credit by stating, “for what is before me, though, this is the 

sentence that I intend to impose . . . ,” thereby segmenting the court‟s intended sentence 

from its discussion of credit. 

Furthermore, district courts have no authority to credit time toward a sentence 

under § 3585(b) – that function rests in the sole authority of the BOP.3 See United States 

v. Wilson, 503 U.S. 329, 333-35 (1992). We believe that if the Delaware court intended 

to fashion a sentence that would effectively “credit” Blood with the disputed time, it 

would have explicitly granted a downward departure in accordance with § 5G1.3(c) of 

the United States Sentencing Guidelines.4 

Our conclusion that the Delaware court lacked any specific intent vis-à-vis the 

 

3

The BOP could have credited the disputed time toward the Delaware sentence, provided 

the time was not also credited toward the Tennessee sentence, because Blood was 

arrested for the Tennessee charges in 2002, after he committed the Delaware offenses in 

2000. See § 3585(b)(2) (requiring credit for time served “as a result of any other charge 

for which the defendant was arrested after the commission of the offense for which the 

sentence was imposed”). That appears to be the calculation the Delaware court 

envisioned.

4

In Ruggiano, upon which Blood relies, we authorized district courts to grant credit for 

time served on a prior undischarged term of imprisonment under § 5G1.3(c). 307 F.3d at 

131. However, § 5G1.3 was amended in 2003 to clarify that subsection (c) does not 

authorize such an adjustment unless the court grants a downward departure. See

U.S.S.G. § 5G1.3 app. note 3(E). That amendment was in effect in 2006, when the 

Delaware court sentenced Blood, and we believe that if the Delaware court had intended 

to invoke the provision, it would have indicated as much. See id. (“To avoid confusion 

with the [BOP‟s] exclusive authority provided under 18 U.S.C. § 3585(b) to grant credit 

for time served under certain circumstances, the Commission recommends that any 

downward departure under this application note be clearly stated in the Judgment in a 

Criminal Case Order as a downward departure pursuant to § 5G1.3(c) . . . .”).
6

disputed time, however, does not answer whether the BOP properly calculated Blood‟s 

sentence. Blood contends that because the original Tennessee sentence was vacated on 

appeal, his post-remand Tennessee sentence could not have commenced until he was 

resentenced on August 14, 2006. And since neither the original nor the post-remand 

Tennessee sentence was in effect at the time he was sentenced by the Delaware court, 

Blood argues that the BOP was required to credit the disputed time toward his Delaware 

sentence – despite the fact that he would inevitably be resentenced on the Tennessee 

convictions – because there was no other federal sentence to which it could be credited. 

The BOP contends that it correctly treated Blood‟s Tennessee sentence as commencing 

on February 9, 2004, in accordance with its internal sentencing manual, Program 

Statement 5880.28, because the underlying convictions were never vacated and his postremand Tennessee sentence essentially modified the original sentence. Accordingly, 

contends the BOP, Blood served the disputed time on the Tennessee sentence and is not 

entitled to double credit that time toward the Delaware sentence. 

In calculating a federal sentence, the BOP first determines when the sentence 

commenced and then determines whether the prisoner is entitled to any credits toward his 

sentence. See 18 U.S.C. § 3585. Section 3585(a) states that “[a] sentence to a term of 

imprisonment commences on the date the defendant is received in custody awaiting 

transportation to, or arrives voluntarily to commence service of sentence at, the official 

detention facility at which the sentence is to be served.” Pursuant to § 3585(b), a prisoner 

is entitled to credit for time served prior to the date the sentence commences “(1) as a 

result of the offense for which the sentence was imposed; or (2) as a result of any other 
7

charge for which the defendant was arrested after the commission of the offense for 

which the sentence was imposed[,]” so long as the time has not been credited toward 

another sentence. When a prisoner is serving multiple sentences, the BOP must combine 

those sentences to form a single aggregate term. 18 U.S.C. § 3584(c).5 

Section 3585 does not directly address the recalculation of sentences post-remand.

However, the BOP has interpreted § 3585 in its internal sentencing manual, Program 

Statement 5880.28. The BOP‟s interpretation warrants “some deference” so long as it

sets forth a permissible construction of the statute. See Reno v. Koray, 515 U.S. 50, 61 

(1995). According to that manual, “[i]n no case can a federal sentence of imprisonment 

commence [in accordance with § 3585(a)] earlier than the date on which it is imposed.” 

See BOP Program Statement 5880.28, Sentence Computation Manual (July 20, 1999) 

available at http://www.bop.gov/policy/progstat/5880_028.pdf , at 1-13. However, a 

portion of the manual interpreting § 3585(b) provides that “[t]ime spent serving another . 

. . sentence that is vacated merely for resentencing shall not have any effect on [a] 

sentence computation until such time as the inmate is resentenced.” Id. At 1-17. In such 

cases, “the date the sentence [imposed on remand] begins will be the same as the original 

computation,” id. At 1-18, such that time served on the original sentence is treated as 

time served on the post-remand sentence. Id. At 1-17. Because the manual appears to 

prohibit treating a sentence as commencing prior to the date of imposition, yet treats a 

post-remand sentence as having commenced on the date of the original, vacated sentence, 

 

5

To the extent Blood suggests that the BOP failed to comply with 18 U.S.C. § 3584(c), 

we disagree. The issue is not whether the BOP aggregated Blood‟s sentences– it did –

but rather, whether the BOP correctly calculated the sentences in accordance with § 3585.
8

we asked the parties to address that apparent inconsistency.

The BOP explains that the two provisions can be harmonized by understanding 

how they work together in context. Program Statement 5880.28, like § 3585(a), focuses 

on the date that a prisoner physically reports to the BOP for service of a federal sentence 

on a given conviction. When a federal sentence is vacated without disturbing its 

underlying conviction, the BOP – using a “conviction based” as opposed to a “sentence 

based” approach – treats the post-remand sentence as commencing on the same date as 

the original sentence. That is because, practically speaking, “[a] resentencing does not 

change the date a defendant actually physically appeared and commenced service of a 

term of imprisonment resulting from a particular conviction.”6 (Appellee‟s Br. 25.) 

Blood, however, contends that Program Statement 5880.28 is “contrary to law,” because 

“it is physically and legally impossible for a federal sentence of imprisonment to 

„commence‟ prior to the date a sentence of imprisonment is „imposed by the court.‟” 

(Appellant‟s Br. 9.) 

We conclude that Program Statement 5880.28 is a permissible interpretation of § 

3585, and that it therefore warrants deference. See Allen v. Crabtree, 153 F.3d 1030, 

1033 (9th Cir. 1998).7 We have found nothing in the law that prohibits the BOP from 

 

6

In contrast, when a defendant serves time on a sentence for a conviction that has been 

vacated on appeal, but the defendant is resentenced after a retrial, the BOP does not treat 

the new sentence as a modification of the former, vacated sentence. In that case, the 

defendant‟s term of imprisonment commences on the date he was sentenced after retrial, 

and any time spent in custody on the vacated convictions is credited pursuant to § 

3585(b). Program Statement 5880.28 at 1-18. 

7 Although the court in Allen should not have deferred to Policy Statement 5880.28 under 

Chevron U.S.A. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, 467 U.S. 837 (1984), because 

Policy Statement 5880.28 is only an internal agency guideline, see Tablada v. Thomas, 
9

treating Blood‟s post-remand Tennessee sentence as commencing on the date the original 

sentence was imposed, nor compels the calculation Blood proposes. Furthermore, we 

think it is reasonable for the BOP, from an administrative standpoint, to treat a sentence 

imposed on remand as a continuation of an initial sentence when the initial sentence has 

been vacated, but the underlying convictions are undisturbed. In such cases, there can be

no question that the prisoner continues to serve time on the intact convictions despite the 

need for resentencing. 

Certainly, it would be preferable if the language in Program Statement 5880.28 did 

not appear to be inconsistent. That the manual could be clearer, however, does not 

change our conclusion that the BOP‟s framework is a legitimate exercise of its authority. 

To conclude otherwise would lead to absurd results. Instead of the predictable regime 

established by Program Statement 5880.28, Blood‟s proposed method of calculation 

would result in a windfall to some inmates serving multiple sentences (such as himself) 

while other inmates would end up serving a longer aggregate term despite obtaining a 

reduced sentence after a successful appeal. That is an illogical result that we will not 

require. 

In sum, the BOP appropriately treated Blood‟s Tennessee sentence as 

commencing on February 9, 2004, consistent with Policy Statement 5880.28.8 

 

533 F.3d 800, 806 (9th Cir. 2008); Stiver v. Meko, 130 F.3d 574, 578 (3d Cir. 1997), we 

agree with its conclusion even under the appropriate, less deferential standard.

8 Our result is consistent with the Sixth Circuit‟s treatment of Blood‟s aggregate sentence. 

The Sixth Circuit dismissed as moot Blood‟s appeal of his 51-month Tennessee sentence 

because he began serving that sentence on February 9, 2004, and had completed his 
10

Accordingly, the disputed time was served on the Tennessee sentence. Since § 3585(b) 

prohibits double crediting, Blood is not also entitled to have the disputed time counted 

toward his Delaware sentence. See Wilson, 503 U.S. at 337 (“Congress made clear [in § 

3585(b)] that a defendant could not receive a double credit for his detention time.”). 

Because Blood is not entitled to the relief he seeks in his habeas petition, we will affirm 

the District Court‟s judgment.

9

 

service by the time the case was ready for review. United States v. Blood, 259 F. App‟x 

712, 713 (6th Cir. 2007). 

9

In light of our disposition, we will deny Blood‟s motion for immediate release and his 

“motion for summary affirmance.”