I 

110TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION H. R. 492 

To restore the Federal electoral rights of the residents of the District of 

Columbia, and for other purposes. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

JANUARY 16, 2007 

Mr. ROHRABACHER introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 

Committee on House Administration, and in addition to the Committees 

on Oversight and Government Reform and Judiciary, for a period to be 

subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration 

of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 

A BILL 

To restore the Federal electoral rights of the residents of 

the District of Columbia, and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘District of Columbia 

5 Voting Rights Restoration Act of 2007’’. 

6 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

7 The Congress finds the following: 


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1 (1) There is no reason, either historically or by 

2 virtue of law, why the people of the District of Co3 lumbia, the capital of the United States of America, 

4 should not have full voting representation in the 

5 Congress of the United States. 

6 (2) Article I, section 8, clause 17 of the Con7 stitution of the United States, which authorized the 

8 creation of the District of Columbia, provides only 

9 that the Congress shall have ‘‘exclusive legislation in 

10 all cases whatsoever’’ over that District. 

11 (3) The same clause of the Constitution pro12 vides that Congress ‘‘shall exercise like authority 

13 over’’ other Federal territories that have been pur14 chased from the States for Federal purposes. Resi15 dents of other Federal enclaves, though also denied 

16 voting rights after becoming subject to exclusive 

17 Federal jurisdiction, have had restored their right to 

18 vote for and serve as elected Federal officials from 

19 their respective States which ceded the Federal en20 claves to the United States. 

21 (4) Congress has exercised its authority to reg22 ulate Federal elections under article I, section 4 of 

23 the Constitution to set the legal requirements that 

24 States must follow in establishing Congressional dis25 tricts. Congress has also exercised this authority to 


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1 require States to allow United States citizens who 

2 are former residents, and their children who are 

3 United States citizens, who are living overseas to 

4 vote in Federal elections in the previous State of res5 idence, notwithstanding the fact that such former 

6 residents and their children may have no intention 

7 of returning or establishing residence in that State, 

8 and notwithstanding the fact that such citizens are 

9 not subject to the laws of that State, including tax 

10 laws. 

11 (5) The entire territory of the current District 

12 of Columbia was ceded to the United States by the 

13 State of Maryland, one of the original 13 States of 

14 the United States. The portion of the original Dis15 trict of Columbia ceded to the United States by the 

16 Commonwealth of Virginia was returned to the au17 thority of that state in 1846, and the people who 

18 now reside in that area vote as citizens of the Com19 monwealth of Virginia. 

20 (6) The Supreme Court of the United States 

21 has found that the cession of legislative authority 

22 over the territory that became the District of Colum23 bia by the States of Maryland and Virginia did not 

24 remove that territory from the United States, and 

25 that the people who live in that territory are entitled 


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1 to all the rights, guarantees, and immunities of the 

2 Constitution that they formerly enjoyed as citizens 

3 of those States. O’Donoghue v. United States, 289 

4 U.S. 516 (1933); Downes v. Bidwell, 182 U.S. 244 

5 (1901). Among those guarantees are the right to 

6 equal protection of the laws and the right to partici7 pate, equally with other Americans, in a Republican 

8 form of government. 

9 (7) Since the people who lived in the territory 

10 that now makes up the District of Columbia once 

11 voted in Maryland as citizens of Maryland, and Con12 gress by adoption of the Organic Act of 1801 sev13 ered the political connection between Maryland and 

14 the District of Columbia by statute, Congress has 

15 the power by statute to restore Maryland state citi16 zenship rights, including Federal electoral rights, 

17 that it took away by enacting the Organic Act of 

18 1801. 

19 SEC. 3. RESTORATION OF RIGHT OF DISTRICT OF COLUM20 BIA RESIDENTS TO PARTICIPATE AS MARY21 LAND RESIDENTS IN CONGRESSIONAL ELEC22 TIONS. 

23 (a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other provi24 sion of law, for purposes of representation in the House 

25 of Representatives and Senate, the right of the people of 


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1 the District of Columbia to be eligible to participate in 

2 elections for the House of Representatives and Senate as 

3 Maryland residents in accordance with the laws of the 

4 State of Maryland, is hereby restored. 

5 (b) ELIGIBILITY TO HOLD CONGRESSIONAL OF6 FICE.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, for 

7 purposes of determining eligibility to serve as a Member 

8 of the House of Representatives or Senate, the right of 

9 the residents of the District of Columbia to be considered 

10 inhabitants of the State of Maryland is hereby restored. 

11 (c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This section shall apply with 

12 respect to elections for Federal office occurring during 

13 2008 and any succeeding year. 

14 SEC. 4. RESTORATION OF RIGHT OF DISTRICT OF COLUM15 BIA RESIDENTS TO PARTICIPATE AS MARY16 LAND RESIDENTS IN PRESIDENTIAL ELEC17 TIONS. 

18 (a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other provi19 sion of law, the right of the people of the District of Co20 lumbia to be eligible to participate in elections for electors 

21 of President and Vice President, and to serve as such elec22 tors as Maryland residents in accordance with the laws 

23 of the State of Maryland, is hereby restored. 

24 (b) ELIGIBILITY TO SERVE AS ELECTORS.—Notwith25 standing any other provision of law, for purposes of deterVerDate Aug 31 2005 22:32 Jan 17, 2007 Jkt 059196 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H492.IH H492

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1 mining eligibility to serve as electors of President and Vice 

2 President, the right of the residents of the District of Co3 lumbia to be considered inhabitants of the State of Mary4 land is hereby restored. 

5 (c) TERMINATION OF APPOINTMENT OF SEPARATE

6 ELECTORS BY DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.—In accordance 

7 with the authority under sections 1 and 2 of the 23rd 

8 amendment to the Constitution and the authority under 

9 article I, Section 8, to legislate for the District of Colum10 bia, and notwithstanding any other provision of law, Con11 gress directs that no electors of President and Vice Presi12 dent shall be appointed by the District of Columbia and 

13 that no votes from such electors shall be cast or counted 

14 in the electoral vote for President and Vice President. 

15 (d) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.— 

16 (1) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 1 of title 3, United 

17 States Code, is amended by striking section 21. 

18 (2) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sec19 tions for chapter 1 of title 3, United States Code, 

20 is amended by striking the item relating to section 

21 21. 

22 SEC. 5. COMPOSITION OF HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 

23 (a) NUMBER AND APPORTIONMENT OF MARYLAND

24 MEMBERS.—For purposes of determining the number and 

25 apportionment of the members of the House of RepresentVerDate Aug 31 2005 22:32 Jan 17, 2007 Jkt 059196 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H492.IH H492

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1 atives from the State of Maryland for the One Hundred 

2 Eleventh Congress and each succeeding Congress, the pop3 ulation of the District of Columbia shall be added to the 

4 population of Maryland under the decennial census. 

5 (b) INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIP OF HOUSE OF REP6 RESENTATIVES.— 

7 (1) PERMANENT INCREASE IN NUMBER OF

8 MEMBERS.—Effective with respect to the One Hun9 dred Eleventh Congress and each succeeding Con10 gress, the House of Representatives shall be com11 posed of 437 Members. 

12 (2) REAPPORTIONMENT OF MEMBERS RESULT13 ING FROM INCREASE.— 

14 (A) IN GENERAL.—Section 22(a) of the 

15 Act entitled ‘‘An Act to provide for the fifteenth 

16 and subsequent decennial censuses and to pro17 vide for apportionment of Representatives in 

18 Congress’’, approved June 28, 1929 (2 U.S.C. 

19 2a(a)), is amended by striking ‘‘the then exist20 ing number of Representatives’’ and inserting 

21 ‘‘the number of Representatives established 

22 with respect to the One Hundred Eleventh Con23 gress’’. 

24 (B) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment 

25 made by subparagraph (A) shall apply with reVerDate Aug 31 2005 22:32 Jan 17, 2007 Jkt 059196 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H492.IH H492

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1 spect to the regular decennial census conducted 

2 for 2010 and each subsequent regular decennial 

3 census. 

4 (c) REVISION OF APPORTIONMENT PRIOR TO NEXT

5 CENSUS.— 

6 (1) TRANSMITTAL OF REVISED APPORTION7 MENT INFORMATION BY PRESIDENT AND CLERK.— 

8 (A) STATEMENT OF APPORTIONMENT BY

9 PRESIDENT.—Not later than 30 days after the 

10 date of the enactment of this Act, the President 

11 shall transmit to Congress a revised version of 

12 the most recent statement of apportionment 

13 submitted under section 22(a) of the Act enti14 tled ‘‘An Act to provide for the fifteenth and 

15 subsequent decennial censuses and to provide 

16 for apportionment of Representatives in Con17 gress’’, approved June 28, 1929 (2 U.S.C. 

18 2a(a)), to take into account this section and the 

19 amendments made by this section. 

20 (B) REPORT BY CLERK.—Not later than 

21 15 calendar days after receiving the revised 

22 version of the statement of apportionment 

23 under subparagraph (A), the Clerk of the 

24 House of Representatives, in accordance with 

25 section 22(b) of such Act (2 U.S.C. 2a(b)), 


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1 shall send to the executive of the State (other 

2 than the State of Maryland) entitled to one ad3 ditional Representative pursuant to this section 

4 a certificate of the number of Representatives 

5 to which such State is entitled under section 22 

6 of such Act, and shall submit a report identi7 fying that State to the Speaker of the House of 

8 Representatives. 

9 (2) COMPOSITION OF CONGRESSIONAL DIS10 TRICTS FOR AFFECTED STATE.—Until the taking ef11 fect of the first reapportionment occurring after the 

12 regular decennial census conducted for 2010, the 

13 Congressional districts of the State identified by the 

14 Clerk of the House of Representatives in the report 

15 submitted under paragraph (1) shall be those dis16 tricts established under a law enacted by the State 

17 during 2006 (without regard to any amendments 

18 made to such law after 2006) which established Con19 gressional districts for the State but which did not 

20 take effect because the number of districts provided 

21 under the law was greater than the number of dis22 tricts to which the State was finally entitled after 

23 the regular decennial census for 2000. 

24 (d) PROHIBITING DIVISION OF DISTRICT OF COLUM25 BIA INTO SEPARATE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS.— 


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1 (1) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding subsection 

2 (a), in establishing Congressional districts after the 

3 effective date of this section, the State of Maryland 

4 shall ensure that the entire area of the District of 

5 Columbia is included in the same Congressional dis6 trict (except as provided in paragraph (2)). 

7 (2) SPECIAL RULE IF POPULATION OF DISTRICT

8 EQUALS OR EXCEEDS AVERAGE POPULATION OF

9 MARYLAND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS.—If the pop10 ulation of the District of Columbia equals or exceeds 

11 the average population of a Congressional district in 

12 the State of Maryland under the decennial census 

13 used for the apportionment of the Members of the 

14 House of Representatives from the State of Mary15 land, the State of Maryland shall ensure that at 

16 least one Congressional district in the State consists 

17 exclusively of territory within the District of Colum18 bia. 

19 (3) SPECIAL RULE FOR INITIAL DISTRICT.— 

20 Until the State of Maryland establishes Congres21 sional districts to take into account the enactment of 

22 this section, the Congressional district of the addi23 tional Representative to which the State is entitled 

24 under this section shall consist exclusively of the 

25 area of the District of Columbia. 


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1 SEC. 6. COORDINATION OF ELECTION ADMINISTRATION. 

2 (a) APPLICATION OF MARYLAND ELECTION LAWS.— 

3 (1) IN GENERAL.—Federal elections in the Dis4 trict of Columbia shall be administered and carried 

5 out by the State of Maryland, in accordance with the 

6 applicable laws of the State of Maryland. 

7 (2) TREATMENT OF DISTRICT AS UNIT OF

8 LOCAL GOVERNMENT.—For purposes of the laws of 

9 the State of Maryland which apply to Federal elec10 tions in the District of Columbia pursuant to para11 graph (1), the District of Columbia shall be consid12 ered to be a unit of local government within the 

13 State of Maryland with responsibility for the admin14 istration of Federal elections. 

15 (b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS TO HELP AMERICA

16 VOTE ACT OF 2002.— 

17 (1) TREATMENT OF DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA AS

18 PART OF MARYLAND.—Section 901 of the Help 

19 America Vote Act of 2002 (42 U.S.C. 15541) is 

20 amended— 

21 (A) by striking ‘‘the District of Columbia’’; 

22 (B) by striking ‘‘In this Act’’ and inserting 

23 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—In this Act’’; and 

24 (C) by adding at the end the following new 

25 subsection: 


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1 ‘‘(b) SPECIAL RULE FOR STATE OF MARYLAND AND

2 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.—For purposes of this Act, the 

3 following shall apply: 

4 ‘‘(1) The voting age population of the State of 

5 Maryland shall be considered to include the voting 

6 age population of the District of Columbia for pur7 poses of sections 101(d)(4) and 252(b). 

8 ‘‘(2) The District of Columbia shall be consid9 ered a unit of local government or jurisdiction lo10 cated within the State of Maryland. 

11 ‘‘(3) An election for Federal office taking place 

12 in the District of Columbia shall be considered to 

13 take place in the State of Maryland.’’. 

14 (c) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS TO OTHER FEDERAL

15 ELECTION LAWS.— 

16 (1) UNIFORMED AND OVERSEAS CITIZENS AB17 SENTEE VOTING ACT.— 

18 (A) IN GENERAL.—Title I of the Uni19 formed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting 

20 Act (42 U.S.C. 1973ff et seq.) is amended by 

21 adding at the end the following new section: 

22 ‘‘SEC. 108. SPECIAL RULE FOR STATE OF MARYLAND AND 

23 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

24 ‘‘For purposes of this title, the following shall apply: 


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1 ‘‘(1) An absent uniformed services voter or 

2 overseas voter who is a resident of the District of 

3 Columbia shall be considered to be a resident of the 

4 State of Maryland. 

5 ‘‘(2) An election for Federal office taking place 

6 in the District of Columbia shall be considered to 

7 take place in the State of Maryland. 

8 ‘‘(3) The State of Maryland, and the election 

9 officials of the State of Maryland, shall be respon10 sible for carrying out the provisions of this title with 

11 respect to voters who are residents of the District of 

12 Columbia.’’. 

13 (B) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 

14 107(6) of the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens 

15 Absentee Voting Act (42 U.S.C. 1973ff–6) is 

16 amended by striking ‘‘the District of Colum17 bia,’’. 

18 (2) NATIONAL VOTER REGISTRATION ACT OF

19 1973.— 

20 (A) IN GENERAL.—The National Voter 

21 Registration Act of 1973 (42 U.S.C. 1973gg et 

22 seq.) is amended— 

23 (i) by redesignating section 13 as sec24 tion 14; and 


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1 (ii) by adding at the end the following 

2 new section: 

3 ‘‘SEC. 12. SPECIAL RULE FOR STATE OF MARYLAND AND 

4 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

5 ‘‘For purposes of this Act, the following shall apply: 

6 ‘‘(1) The District of Columbia shall be consid7 ered a registrar’s jurisdiction within the State of 

8 Maryland. 

9 ‘‘(2) An election for Federal office taking place 

10 in the District of Columbia shall be considered to 

11 take place in the State of Maryland. 

12 ‘‘(3) The State of Maryland, and the election 

13 officials of the State of Maryland, shall be respon14 sible for carrying out this Act with respect to the 

15 District of Columbia, except that— 

16 ‘‘(A) section 5 shall apply to motor vehicle 

17 driver’s license applications and the motor vehi18 cle authority of the District of Columbia in the 

19 same manner as that section applies to a State, 

20 and the State of Maryland shall provide the 

21 District of Columbia with such forms and other 

22 materials as the District of Columbia may re23 quire to carry out that section; and 

24 ‘‘(B) the District of Columbia shall des25 ignate voter registration agencies under section 


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1 7 in the same manner as a State, and the State 

2 of Maryland shall provide the District of Co3 lumbia with such forms and other materials as 

4 the District of Columbia may require to carry 

5 out that section.’’. 

6 (B) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 

7 3(4) of such Act (42 U.S.C. gg–1(4)) is amend8 ed by striking ‘‘and the District of Columbia’’. 

9 (3) VOTING ACCESSIBILITY FOR THE ELDERLY

10 AND HANDICAPPED ACT.— 

11 (A) IN GENERAL.—The Voting Accessi12 bility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act (42 

13 U.S.C. 1973ee et seq.) is amended— 

14 (i) by redesignating section 8 as sec15 tion 9; and 

16 (ii) by inserting after section 7 the 

17 following new section: 

18 ‘‘SPECIAL RULE FOR STATE OF MARYLAND AND DISTRICT

19 OF COLUMBIA

20 ‘‘SEC. 8. For purposes of this Act, the following shall 

21 apply: 

22 ‘‘(1) The District of Columbia shall be consid23 ered a political subdivision of the State of Maryland. 

24 ‘‘(2) An election for Federal office taking place 

25 in the District of Columbia shall be considered to 

26 take place in the State of Maryland. 


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1 ‘‘(3) The State of Maryland shall be responsible 

2 for carrying out this Act with respect to the District 

3 of Columbia.’’. 

4 (B) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 

5 8(5) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1973ee–6(5)) is 

6 amended by striking ‘‘the District of Colum7 bia,’’. 

8 (d) CONFORMING AMENDMENT TO HOME RULE

9 ACT.—Section 752 of the District of Columbia Home Rule 

10 Act (sec. 1–207.52, D.C. Official Code) is amended by 

11 striking the period at the end and inserting the following: 

12 ‘‘, except to the extent required under section 5 of the 

13 District of Columbia Voting Rights Restoration Act of 

14 2007.’’. 

15 (e) OTHER CONFORMING AMENDMENT TO DISTRICT

16 OF COLUMBIA ELECTION LAW.—The District of Columbia 

17 Elections Code of 1955 is amended by adding at the end 

18 the following new section: 

19 ‘‘SEC. 18. APPLICABILITY OF MARYLAND ELECTION LAW 

20 FOR ADMINISTRATION OF FEDERAL ELEC21 TIONS. 

22 ‘‘Notwithstanding any other provision of this Code or 

23 other law or regulation of the District of Columbia— 

24 ‘‘(1) any election for Federal office in the Dis25 trict of Columbia shall be administered and carried 


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1 out by the State of Maryland, in accordance with the 

2 applicable law of the State of Maryland; and 

3 ‘‘(2) no provision of this Code shall apply with 

4 respect to any election for Federal office to the ex5 tent that the provision is inconsistent with the appli6 cable law of the State of Maryland.’’. 

7 (f) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This section and the amend8 ments made by this section shall apply with respect to 

9 elections for Federal office occurring during 2008 and any 

10 succeeding year. 

11 SEC. 7. REPEAL OF OFFICE OF DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 

12 DELEGATE. 

13 (a) IN GENERAL.—Sections 202 and 204 of the Dis14 trict of Columbia Delegate Act (Public Law 91–405; sec15 tions 1–401 and 1–402, D.C. Official Code) are repealed, 

16 and the provisions of law amended or repealed by such 

17 sections are restored or revived as if such sections had 

18 not been enacted. 

19 (b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS TO DISTRICT OF CO20 LUMBIA ELECTIONS CODE OF 1955.—The District of Co21 lumbia Elections Code of 1955 is amended— 

22 (1) in section 1 (sec. 1–1001.01, D.C. Official 

23 Code), by striking ‘‘the Delegate to the House of 

24 Representatives’’; 


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1 (2) in section 2 (sec. 1–1001.02, D.C. Official 

2 Code)— 

3 (A) by striking paragraph (6), and 

4 (B) in paragraph (13), by striking ‘‘the 

5 Delegate to Congress for the District of Colum6 bia’’; 

7 (3) in section 8 (sec. 1–1001.08, D.C. Official 

8 Code)— 

9 (A) by striking ‘‘Delegate’’ in the heading, 

10 and 

11 (B) by striking ‘‘Delegate,’’ each place it 

12 appears in subsections (h)(1)(A), (i)(1), and 

13 (j)(1); 

14 (4) in section 10 (sec. 1–1001.10, D.C. Official 

15 Code)— 

16 (A) by striking subparagraph (A) of sub17 section (a)(3), and 

18 (B) in subsection (d)— 

19 (i) by striking ‘‘Delegate,’’ each place 

20 it appears in paragraph (1), and 

21 (ii) by striking paragraph (2) and re22 designating paragraph (3) as paragraph 

23 (2); 

24 (5) in section 15(b) (sec. 1–1001.15(b), D.C. 

25 Official Code), by striking ‘‘Delegate,’’; and 


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1 (6) in section 17(a) (sec. 1–1001.17(a), D.C. 

2 Official Code), by striking ‘‘except the Delegate to 

3 the Congress from the District of Columbia’’. 

4 (c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 

5 this section shall apply with respect to elections occurring 

6 during 2008 and any succeeding year. 

7 SEC. 8. REPEAL OF OFFICES OF STATEHOOD REPRESENTA8 TIVE AND SENATOR. 

9 (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 4 of the District of Co10 lumbia Statehood Constitutional Convention Initiative of 

11 1979 (sec. 1–123, D.C. Official Code) is amended by strik12 ing subsections (d) through (h). 

13 (b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 

14 (1) STATEHOOD COMMISSION.—Section 6 of 

15 such Initiative (sec. 1–125, D.C. Official Code) is 

16 amended— 

17 (A) in subsection (a)— 

18 (i) by striking ‘‘27 voting members’’ 

19 and inserting ‘‘24 voting members’’, 

20 (ii) by adding ‘‘and’’ at the end of 

21 paragraph (4); and 

22 (iii) by striking paragraphs (5) and 

23 (6) and redesignating paragraph (7) as 

24 paragraph (5); and 


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1 (B) in subsection (a–1)(1), by striking sub2 paragraphs (F), (G), and (H). 

3 (2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 

4 Section 8 of such Initiative (sec. 1–127, D.C. Offi5 cial Code) is hereby repealed. 

6 (3) APPLICATION OF HONORARIA LIMITA7 TIONS.—Section 4 of D.C. Law 8–135 (sec. 1–131, 

8 D.C. Official Code) is hereby repealed. 

9 (4) APPLICATION OF CAMPAIGN FINANCE

10 LAWS.—Section 3 of the Statehood Convention Pro11 cedural Amendments Act of 1982 (sec. 1–135, D.C. 

12 Official Code) is hereby repealed. 

13 (5) LIST OF ELECTED OFFICIALS.—Section 

14 2(13) of the District of Columbia Elections Code of 

15 1955 (sec. 1–1001.02(13), D.C. Official Code) is 

16 amended by striking ‘‘United States Senator and 

17 Representative,’’. 

18 SEC. 9. NONSEVERABILITY OF CERTAIN PROVISIONS. 

19 If any provision of sections 3, 5(a), or 5(b) of this 

20 Act, or the application thereof to any person or cir21 cumstance, is held invalid, the remaining provisions of this 

22 Act or any amendment made by this Act shall be treated 

23 as invalid. 

24 SEC. 10. RULES OF CONSTRUCTION. 

25 Nothing in this Act may be construed— 


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1 (1) to permit residents of the District of Colum2 bia to vote in elections for State or local office in the 

3 State of Maryland or to permit nonresidents of the 

4 District of Columbia to vote in elections for local of5 fice in the District of Columbia; 

6 (2) to affect the power of Congress under arti7 cle I, section 8, clause 17 of the Constitution to ex8 ercise exclusive legislative authority over the District 

9 of Columbia; or 

10 (3) to affect the powers of the Government of 

11 the District of Columbia under the District of Co12 lumbia Home Rule Act (except as specifically pro13 vided in this Act). 

Æ 


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