I 

113TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION H. R. 1262 

To amend the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 to provide 

guidance and limitations regarding the integration of unmanned aircraft 

systems into United States airspace, and for other purposes. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

MARCH 19, 2013 

Mr. MARKEY introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, and in addition to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions 

as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 

A BILL 

To amend the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 

to provide guidance and limitations regarding the integration of unmanned aircraft systems into United States 

airspace, and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Drone Aircraft Privacy 

5 and Transparency Act of 2013’’. 

6 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

7 Congress finds the following: 


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1 (1) On February 14, 2012, President Obama 

2 signed the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 

3 2012 (Public Law 112–95; 49 U.S.C. 40101 note) 

4 into law, and sections 331 through 336 of such Act 

5 require the Federal Aviation Administration to fully 

6 integrate government, commercial, and recreational 

7 unmanned aircraft systems, commonly known as 

8 ‘‘drones’’, into United States airspace by October 

9 2015. 

10 (2) Unmanned aircraft systems have tradition11 ally been used almost exclusively overseas by mili12 tary and security organizations; however, State and 

13 local governments, businesses, and private individ14 uals are increasingly using unmanned aircraft sys15 tems in the United States, including deployments for 

16 law enforcement operations. 

17 (3) As the technology advances and the cost de18 creases—unmanned aircraft systems are already or19 ders of magnitude less expensive to purchase and op20 erate than piloted aircraft—the market for Federal, 

21 State, and local government and commercial un22 manned aircraft systems is rapidly growing. 

23 (4) It has been estimated there could be as 

24 many as 30,000 unmanned aircraft systems in the 

25 sky in the United States by 2020. 


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1 (5) There will no doubt be many beneficial ap2 plications of this technology, for as Secretary of 

3 Transportation Ray LaHood said in a statement on 

4 March 7, 2012, ‘‘Unmanned aircraft can help us 

5 meet a number of challenges, from spotting wildfires 

6 to assessing natural disasters.’’. 

7 (6) However, there also is the potential for un8 manned aircraft system technology to enable inva9 sive and pervasive surveillance without adequate pri10 vacy protections, and currently, no explicit privacy 

11 protections or public transparency measures with re12 spect to such system technology are built into the 

13 law. 

14 (7) Federal standards for informing the public 

15 and protecting individual privacy with respect to un16 manned aircraft systems are needed. 

17 SEC. 3. GUIDANCE AND LIMITATIONS REGARDING UN18 MANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS. 

19 Subtitle B of title III of the FAA Modernization and 

20 Reform Act of 2012 (Public Law 112–95; 49 U.S.C. 

21 40101 note) is amended by adding at the end the following 

22 new sections: 

23 ‘‘SEC. 337. PRIVACY STUDY AND REPORT. 

24 ‘‘(a) STUDY.—The Secretary of Transportation, in 

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1 man of the Federal Trade Commission, and the Chief Pri2 vacy Officer of the Department of Homeland Security, 

3 shall carry out a study that identifies any potential threats 

4 to privacy protections posed by the integration of un5 manned aircraft systems into the national airspace sys6 tem, including any potential violations of the privacy prin7 ciples. 

8 ‘‘(b) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the 

9 date of enactment of this section, the Secretary of Trans10 portation shall submit a report on the study conducted 

11 under subsection (a) to— 

12 ‘‘(1) the Committee on Transportation and In13 frastructure of the House of Representatives; 

14 ‘‘(2) the Committee on Energy and Commerce 

15 of the House of Representatives; 

16 ‘‘(3) the Committee on Homeland Security of 

17 the House of Representatives; 

18 ‘‘(4) the Committee on Environment and Public 

19 Works of the Senate; 

20 ‘‘(5) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 

21 Transportation of the Senate; and 

22 ‘‘(6) the Committee on Homeland Security and 

23 Governmental Affairs of the Senate. 

24 ‘‘(c) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this section and 

25 the succeeding sections of this subtitle— 


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1 ‘‘(1) the term ‘privacy protections’ means pro2 tections that relate to the use, collection, and disclo3 sure of information and data about individuals and 

4 groups of individuals; 

5 ‘‘(2) the term ‘privacy principles’ means the 

6 principles described in Part Two of the Organization 

7 for Economic Co-operation and Development guide8 lines titled ‘Annex to the Recommendation of the 

9 Council of 23rd September 1980: Guidelines Gov10 erning The Protection Of Privacy And Transborder 

11 Flows Of Personal Data’, adopted by the Organiza12 tion for Economic Co-operation and Development on 

13 September 23, 1980; and 

14 ‘‘(3) the term ‘law enforcement’ means— 

15 ‘‘(A) any entity of the United States or of 

16 a State or political subdivision thereof, that is 

17 empowered by law to conduct investigations of 

18 or to make arrests for offenses; and 

19 ‘‘(B) any entity or individual authorized by 

20 law to prosecute or participate in the prosecu21 tion of such offenses. 

22 ‘‘SEC. 338. RULEMAKING. 

23 ‘‘As part of the rulemaking process required under 

24 section 332(b)(1) and the final rule adopted under such 

25 section, the Secretary of Transportation shall establish 


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1 procedures to ensure that the integration of unmanned 

2 aircraft systems into the national airspace system is done 

3 in compliance with the privacy principles. 

4 ‘‘SEC. 339. DATA COLLECTION STATEMENTS AND DATA 

5 MINIMIZATION STATEMENTS. 

6 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Beginning on the date of enact7 ment of this section, the Secretary of Transportation may 

8 not approve, issue, or award any certificate, license, or 

9 other grant of authority to operate an unmanned aircraft 

10 system in the national airspace system unless the applica11 tion for such certificate, license, or other grant of author12 ity includes— 

13 ‘‘(1) a data collection statement in accordance 

14 with the requirements of subsection (b) that provides 

15 reasonable assurance that the applicant will operate 

16 the unmanned aircraft system in accordance with 

17 the privacy principles; and 

18 ‘‘(2) in the case of such an unmanned aircraft 

19 system that is to be operated by a law enforcement 

20 agency or a law enforcement agency contractor or 

21 subcontractor, a data minimization statement in ac22 cordance with the requirements of subsection (c) 

23 that provides reasonable assurance that the appli24 cant will operate the unmanned aircraft system in 

25 accordance with the privacy principles. 


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1 ‘‘(b) DATA COLLECTION STATEMENT.—A data col2 lection statement under subsection (a), with respect to an 

3 unmanned aircraft system, shall include information iden4 tifying— 

5 ‘‘(1) the individuals or entities that will have 

6 the power to use the unmanned aircraft system; 

7 ‘‘(2) the specific locations in which the un8 manned aircraft system will operate; 

9 ‘‘(3) the maximum period for which the un10 manned aircraft system will operate in each flight; 

11 ‘‘(4) whether the unmanned aircraft system will 

12 collect information or data about individuals or 

13 groups of individuals, and if so— 

14 ‘‘(A) the circumstances under which such 

15 system will be used; and 

16 ‘‘(B) the specific kinds of information or 

17 data such system will collect about individuals 

18 or groups of individuals and how such informa19 tion or data, as well as conclusions drawn from 

20 such information or data, will be used, dis21 closed, and otherwise handled, including— 

22 ‘‘(i) how the collection or retention of 

23 such information or data that is unrelated 

24 to the specified use will be minimized; 


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1 ‘‘(ii) whether such information or data 

2 might be sold, leased, or otherwise pro3 vided to third parties, and if so, under 

4 what circumstances it might be so sold or 

5 leased; 

6 ‘‘(iii) the period for which such infor7 mation or data will be retained; and 

8 ‘‘(iv) when and how such information 

9 or data, including information or data no 

10 longer relevant to the specified use, will be 

11 destroyed; 

12 ‘‘(5) the possible impact the operation of the 

13 unmanned aircraft system may have upon the pri14 vacy of individuals; 

15 ‘‘(6) the specific steps that will be taken to 

16 mitigate any possible impact identified under para17 graph (5), including steps to protect against unau18 thorized disclosure of any information or data de19 scribed in paragraph (4), such as the use of 

20 encryption methods and other security features that 

21 will be used; 

22 ‘‘(7) a telephone number or electronic mail ad23 dress that an individual with complaints about the 

24 operation of the unmanned aircraft system may use 

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1 tion that personally identifiable data relating to such 

2 individual has been collected; 

3 ‘‘(8) in the case that personally identifiable 

4 data relating to such individual has been collected, 

5 a reasonable process for such individual to request 

6 to obtain such data in a timely and an intelligible 

7 manner; 

8 ‘‘(9) in the case that a request described in 

9 paragraph (8) is denied, a process by which such in10 dividual may obtain the reasons for the denial and 

11 challenge the denial; and 

12 ‘‘(10) in the case that personally identifiable 

13 data relating to such individual has been collected, 

14 a process by which such individual may challenge the 

15 accuracy of such data and, if the challenge is suc16 cessful, have such data erased or amended. 

17 ‘‘(c) DATA MINIMIZATION STATEMENT.—A data 

18 minimization statement described in this subsection, with 

19 respect to an unmanned aircraft system operated by a law 

20 enforcement agency, contractor, or subcontractor de21 scribed in subsection (a)(2), shall detail the applicable— 

22 ‘‘(1) policies adopted by the agency, contractor, 

23 or subcontractor, respectively, that— 

24 ‘‘(A) minimize the collection by the un25 manned aircraft system of information and data 


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1 unrelated to the investigation of a crime under 

2 a warrant; 

3 ‘‘(B) require the destruction of such infor4 mation and data, as well as of information and 

5 data collected by the unmanned aircraft system 

6 that is no longer relevant to the investigation of 

7 a crime under a warrant or to an ongoing 

8 criminal proceeding; and 

9 ‘‘(C) establish procedures for the method 

10 of such destruction; and 

11 ‘‘(2) audit and oversight procedures adopted by 

12 the agency, contractor, or subcontractor, respec13 tively, that will ensure that such agency, contractor, 

14 or subcontractor, respectively, uses the unmanned 

15 aircraft system in accordance with the parameters 

16 outlined in the data collection statement and the 

17 statement required by this subsection. 

18 ‘‘SEC. 340. DISCLOSURE OF APPROVED CERTIFICATES, LI19 CENSES, AND OTHER GRANTS OF AUTHORITY. 

20 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator of the Fed21 eral Aviation Administration shall make available on the 

22 public Internet Web site of the Federal Aviation Adminis23 tration in a searchable format— 

24 ‘‘(1) the approved certificate, license, or other 

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1 tem awarded a certificate, license, or other grant of 

2 authority to operate in the national airspace system, 

3 including any such certificate, license, or other grant 

4 of authority awarded prior to the date of enactment 

5 of this section; 

6 ‘‘(2) information detailing where, when, and for 

7 what period each unmanned aircraft system will be 

8 operated; 

9 ‘‘(3) information detailing any data security 

10 breach that occurs with regard to information col11 lected by an unmanned aircraft system; and 

12 ‘‘(4) in the case of a certificate, license, or 

13 other grant of authority awarded on or after the 

14 date of enactment of this section to operate an un15 manned aircraft system in the national airspace sys16 tem, the data collection statement described in sec17 tion 339(b) and, if applicable, the data minimization 

18 statement described in section 339(c) required with 

19 respect to such unmanned aircraft system. 

20 ‘‘(b) DEADLINE.—The Administrator shall complete 

21 the requirements under subsection (a) with regard to each 

22 unmanned aircraft system— 

23 ‘‘(1) in the case of a certificate, license, or 

24 other grant of authority awarded before the date of 


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1 enactment of this section, not later than 90 days 

2 after such date of enactment; and 

3 ‘‘(2) in the case of a certificate, license, or 

4 other grant of authority awarded on or after the 

5 date of enactment of this section, as soon as is prac6 ticable after the date of approval of such certificate, 

7 license, or other grant of authority. 

8 ‘‘SEC. 341. WARRANTS REQUIRED FOR GENERALIZED SUR9 VEILLANCE. 

10 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—A person or entity may not use 

11 an unmanned aircraft system or request information or 

12 data collected by another entity using an unmanned air13 craft system for protective activities, or for law enforce14 ment or intelligence purposes, except pursuant to a war15 rant issued using the procedures described in the Federal 

16 Rules of Criminal Procedure (or, in the case of a State 

17 court, issued using State warrant procedures) by a court 

18 of competent jurisdiction, or as otherwise provided in the 

19 Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 

20 1801 et seq.). 

21 ‘‘(b) EXCEPTION.— 

22 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Subsection (a) shall not 

23 apply in exigent circumstances (as defined in para24 graph 2). 


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1 ‘‘(2) EXIGENT CIRCUMSTANCES DEFINED.—Ex2 igent circumstances exist when a law enforcement 

3 entity reasonably believes there is— 

4 ‘‘(A) an imminent danger of death or seri5 ous physical injury; or 

6 ‘‘(B) a high risk of a terrorist attack by a 

7 specific individual or organization, when the 

8 Secretary of Homeland Security has determined 

9 that credible intelligence indicates there is such 

10 a risk. 

11 ‘‘(3) REQUIRED DOCUMENTATION.—In the case 

12 of a person or entity operating an unmanned air13 craft system under the exception for exigent cir14 cumstances created by paragraph (1), documenta15 tion justifying the exception shall be submitted to 

16 the Secretary of Transportation not later than 7 

17 days after the date of the relevant unmanned air18 craft system flight. 

19 ‘‘(4) INFORMATION OR DATA UNRELATED TO

20 EXIGENT CIRCUMSTANCES.—A person or entity op21 erating an unmanned aircraft system under the ex22 ception for exigent circumstances created by para23 graph (1) shall minimize the collection by the un24 manned aircraft system of information and data un25 related to the exigent circumstances, and if such unVerDate Mar 15 2010 01:51 Mar 27, 2013 Jkt 029200 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H1262.IH H1262

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1 manned aircraft system incidentally collects any 

2 such information or data while being operated under 

3 such exception, the person or entity operating the 

4 unmanned aircraft system shall destroy such infor5 mation and data. 

6 ‘‘(5) PROHIBITION ON INFORMATION SHAR7 ING.—A person or entity shall not intentionally di8 vulge information collected in accordance with this 

9 section with any other person or entity, except as 

10 authorized by law. 

11 ‘‘(6) PROHIBITION ON USE AS EVIDENCE.— 

12 Whenever information has been collected by means 

13 of use of an unmanned aircraft system, no part of 

14 the contents of such information and no evidence de15 rived therefrom may be received in evidence in any 

16 trial, hearing, or other proceeding in or before any 

17 court, grand jury, department, officer, agency, regu18 latory body, legislative committee, or other authority 

19 of the United States, a State, or a political subdivi20 sion thereof unless that information is collected in 

21 accordance with this section.’’. 

22 SEC. 4. ENFORCEMENT. 

23 (a) PROHIBITED CONDUCT.— 

24 (1) IN GENERAL.—It shall be unlawful for a 

25 person or entity to operate an unmanned aircraft 


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1 system in a manner that is not in accordance with 

2 the terms of a data collection statement submitted 

3 under section 339(a)(1) of the FAA Modernization 

4 and Reform Act of 2012, as added by section 3 of 

5 this Act, or in a manner that violates any portion of 

6 the final rule required under section 332(b)(1) of 

7 such Act insofar as such portion relates to the pro8 cedures described in section 338 of such Act. 

9 (2) REGULATIONS.—The Commission may pro10 mulgate regulations in accordance with section 553 

11 of title 5, United States Code, to carry out para12 graph (1) with respect to persons and entities de13 scribed in subsection (b)(3). 

14 (b) ENFORCEMENT BY FEDERAL TRADE COMMIS15 SION.— 

16 (1) UNFAIR OR DECEPTIVE ACTS OR PRAC17 TICES.—A violation of subsection (a) or the regula18 tions promulgated under such subsection shall be 

19 treated as a violation of a regulation under section 

20 18(a)(1)(B) of the Federal Trade Commission Act 

21 (15 U.S.C. 57a(a)(1)(B)) regarding unfair or decep22 tive acts or practices. 

23 (2) POWERS OF COMMISSION.—The Commis24 sion shall enforce subsection (a) and the regulations 

25 promulgated under such subsection in the same 


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1 manner, by the same means, and with the same 

2 powers and duties as though all applicable terms 

3 and provisions of the Federal Trade Commission Act 

4 (15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.) were incorporated into and 

5 made a part of this Act, and any violator shall be 

6 subject to the penalties and entitled to the privileges 

7 and immunities provided in the Federal Trade Com8 mission Act. 

9 (3) APPLICABILITY.—Paragraphs (1) and (2) 

10 shall apply— 

11 (A) with respect to persons, partnerships, 

12 and corporations over which the Commission 

13 has jurisdiction under section 5(a)(2) of the 

14 Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 

15 45(a)(2)) (except to the extent such person, 

16 partnership, or corporation is a law enforce17 ment contractor or subcontractor); and 

18 (B) notwithstanding such section, with re19 spect to air carriers and foreign air carriers. 

20 (c) ACTIONS BY STATES.— 

21 (1) CIVIL ACTIONS.—In any case in which the 

22 attorney general of a State, or an official or agency 

23 of a State, has reason to believe that an interest of 

24 the residents of that State has been or is threatened 

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1 tion of subsection (a) or a regulation promulgated 

2 under such subsection, or by the operation of an un3 manned aircraft system in violation of the terms of 

4 a data minimization statement submitted under sec5 tion 339(a)(2) of the FAA Modernization and Re6 form Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note), the State 

7 may bring a civil action on behalf of the residents 

8 of the State in an appropriate State court or an ap9 propriate district court of the United States to— 

10 (A) enjoin the violation; 

11 (B) enforce compliance with such sub12 section, regulation, or statement; 

13 (C) obtain damages, restitution, or other 

14 compensation on behalf of residents of the 

15 State; or 

16 (D) obtain such other legal and equitable 

17 relief as the court may consider to be appro18 priate. 

19 (2) NOTICE.—Before filing an action under this 

20 subsection against a person, partnership, or corpora21 tion over which the Commission has jurisdiction 

22 under section 5(a)(2) of the Federal Trade Commis23 sion Act (15 U.S.C. 45(a)(2)) (except to the extent 

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1 rier or foreign air carrier, the attorney general, offi2 cial, or agency of the State involved shall provide to 

3 the Commission a written notice of that action and 

4 a copy of the complaint for that action. If the attor5 ney general, official, or agency determines that it is 

6 not feasible to provide the notice described in this 

7 paragraph before the filing of the action, the attor8 ney general, official, or agency shall provide written 

9 notice of the action and a copy of the complaint to 

10 the Commission immediately upon the filing of the 

11 action. 

12 (3) AUTHORITY OF THE COMMISSION.— 

13 (A) IN GENERAL.—On receiving notice 

14 under paragraph (2) of an action under this 

15 subsection, the Commission shall have the 

16 right— 

17 (i) to intervene in the action; 

18 (ii) upon so intervening, to be heard 

19 on all matters arising therein; and 

20 (iii) to file petitions for appeal. 

21 (B) LIMITATION ON STATE ACTION WHILE

22 FEDERAL ACTION IS PENDING.—If the Commis23 sion or the Attorney General of the United 

24 States has instituted a civil action for violation 

25 of subsection (a) or a regulation promulgated 


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1 under such subsection (referred to in this sub2 paragraph as the ‘‘Federal action’’), no State 

3 attorney general, official, or agency may bring 

4 an action under this subsection during the 

5 pendency of the Federal action against any de6 fendant named in the complaint in the Federal 

7 action for any violation as alleged in that com8 plaint. 

9 (4) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—For purposes of 

10 bringing a civil action under this subsection, nothing 

11 in this Act or any amendment made by this Act 

12 shall be construed to prevent an attorney general, 

13 official, or agency of a State from exercising the 

14 powers conferred on the attorney general, official, or 

15 agency by the laws of that State to conduct inves16 tigations, administer oaths and affirmations, or com17 pel the attendance of witnesses or the production of 

18 documentary and other evidence. 

19 (d) PRIVATE RIGHT OF ACTION.— 

20 (1) IN GENERAL.—A person injured by an act 

21 in violation of subsection (a) or the regulations pro22 mulgated under such subsection, or by the operation 

23 of an unmanned aircraft system in violation of the 

24 terms of a data minimization statement submitted 

25 under section 339(a)(2) of the FAA Modernization 


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1 and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note), 

2 may bring in an appropriate State court or an ap3 propriate district court of the United States— 

4 (A) an action to enjoin such violation; 

5 (B) an action to recover damages for ac6 tual monetary loss from such violation, or to re7 ceive up to $1,000 in damages for each such 

8 violation, whichever is greater; or 

9 (C) both such actions. 

10 (2) INTENTIONAL VIOLATIONS.—If the defend11 ant committed a violation described in paragraph 

12 (1), and intended to do so, the court may increase 

13 the amount of the award to an amount equal to not 

14 more than 3 times the amount available under para15 graph (1)(B). 

16 (3) COSTS.—The court shall award to a pre17 vailing plaintiff in an action under this subsection 

18 the costs of such action and reasonable attorney’s 

19 fees, as determined by the court. 

20 (4) LIMITATION.—An action may be com21 menced under this subsection not later than 2 years 

22 after the date on which the person first discovered 

23 or had a reasonable opportunity to discover the vio24 lation. 


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1 (5) NONEXCLUSIVE REMEDY.—The remedy pro2 vided by this subsection shall be in addition to any 

3 other remedies available to the person. 

4 (e) SUITS AGAINST GOVERNMENTAL ENTITIES.— 

5 Notwithstanding the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 

6 U.S.C. 41 et seq.), a suit under subsection (c) or sub7 section (d) may be maintained against a governmental en8 tity. 

9 (f) LICENSE REVOCATION.—The Federal Aviation 

10 Administration shall revoke the certificate, license, or 

11 other grant of authority to operate an unmanned aircraft 

12 system if such system is operated in a manner that— 

13 (1) is not in accordance with the terms of— 

14 (A) a data collection statement submitted 

15 under section 339(a)(1) of the FAA Moderniza16 tion and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 

17 note), as added by this Act; or 

18 (B) a data minimization statement sub19 mitted under section 339(a)(2) of such Act; or 

20 (2) violates any portion of the final rule re21 quired under section 332(b)(1) of such Act insofar 

22 as such portion relates to the procedures described 

23 in section 338 of such Act, as added by this Act. 

24 (g) VIOLATIONS.—Each day on which each un25 manned aircraft system is operated in violation of subVerDate Mar 15 2010 01:51 Mar 27, 2013 Jkt 029200 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H1262.IH H1262

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1 section (a), or the regulations promulgated under such 

2 subsection, or the terms of a data minimization statement 

3 submitted under section 339(a)(2) of the FAA Moderniza4 tion and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note), as 

5 added by section 3 of this Act, shall be treated as a sepa6 rate violation. 

7 (h) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

8 (1) COMMISSION.—The term ‘‘Commission’’ 

9 means the Federal Trade Commission. 

10 (2) LAW ENFORCEMENT.—The term ‘‘law en11 forcement’’ has the meaning given such term in sec12 tion 337(c)(3) of the FAA Modernization and Re13 form Act of 2012, as added by section 3 of this Act. 

14 (3) STATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ means each of 

15 the several States, the District of Columbia, each 

16 commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United 

17 States, and each federally recognized Indian tribe. 

18 (4) UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM.—The term 

19 ‘‘unmanned aircraft system’’ has the meaning given 

20 such term in section 331 of the FAA Modernization 

21 and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note). 


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1 SEC. 5. MODEL AIRCRAFT PROVISION. 

2 Nothing in this Act may be construed to apply to 

3 model aircraft as defined in section 336(c) of the FAA 

4 Modernization and Reform Act of 2012. 

Æ 


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