**CERTIFICATION**

| 1. | I                    have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-QSB of the Company                    for the                    quarter ended September 30, 2005; |
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| 2. | Based                    on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement                    of a                    material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make                    the                    statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such                    statements                    were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered                    by this                    report; |
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| 3. | Based                    on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial                    information                    included in this report, fairly present in all material respects                    the                    financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of                    the                    registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
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| 4. | The                    registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for                    establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures                    (as                    defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the                    registrant                    and have: |
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|   | a) | Designed                    such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure                    controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision,                    to ensure                    that material information relating to the registrant, including                    its                    consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within                    those                    entities, particularly during the period in which this report                    is being                    prepared; |
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|   | b) | Evaluated                    the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and                    procedures                    and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness                    of                    the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the                    period                    covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
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|   | c) | Disclosed                    in this report any change in the registrant's internal control                    over                    financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most                    recent                    fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably                    likely to                    materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial                    reporting; and |
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| 5. | The                    registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based                    on our                    most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting,                    to                    the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's                    board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
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|  | a) | All                    significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design                    or                    operation of internal controls over financial reporting which                    are                    reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability                    to record,                    process, summarize and report financial information; and |
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|  | b) | Any                    fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other                    employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal                    control                    over financial reporting. |
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